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by shaving or sanding. Some professionals make single reeds from blanks, but this is time-consuming and can require expensive equipment. Among double reed players, advanced and professional players typically make their own reeds, while beginners and students often buy reeds, either from their teachers or from commercial sources.
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Musicians originally crafted reeds from cane using simple tools, a time-consuming and painstaking process. Specialized tools for cutting and trimming reeds by hand reduce the time needed to finish a reed. Today, nearly all single-reed instrument players buy manufactured reeds, though many adjust them
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Manufacturers produce reeds in different strengths, indicated by a number (most commonly 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5). The strength is determined by a machine that presses against the vamp (the part that includes the tip and the "heart" just behind the tip) of the reed and determines how stiff the
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reeds. Double reeds are tied in place with thread. Finishing both bassoon and oboe reeds requires the reed-maker to scrape along the cane section of the reed with a scraping knife to specific dimensions and lengths depending on the reed style and the musician's preference. Bassoon and oboe reeds are
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is grown in the southern coastal regions of France and Spain and, in the last 30 years, in the Cuyo area of
Argentina. After the cane is cut it is placed in direct sunlight for about a month to dry. The cane is rotated regularly to ensure even and complete drying. Once dry, the cane is stored in a
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Reeds designed for the same instrument look roughly identical, but vary in thickness ("hardness" or "strength"). Hardness is generally measured on a scale of 1 through 5 from softest to hardest. This is not a standardized scale and reed strengths vary by manufacturer. The thickness of the tip and
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cane is collected, dried, processed, cut to manageable sizes, and separated into various diameters. The most common diameters for
American-style oboe reeds are: 9.5–10 mm (0.37–0.39 in), 10–10.5 mm (0.39–0.41 in), and 10.5–11 mm (0.41–0.43 in). Many American oboists
197:. The back of the reed is flat and is placed against the mouthpiece. These reeds are roughly rectangular in shape and taper towards the thin tip, which is rounded to match the curve of the mouthpiece tip. All single reeds are shaped similarly but vary in size to fit each instrument's mouthpiece.
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players to each play several different instruments from the single-reed, flute, and double-reed families. In this context, these players are commonly referred to as "reed players". An individual part may call for only one or two instruments, or many more (the "Reed 3" part in
Bernstein's
479:), used in some traditional Chinese music ensembles. A leaf or long blade of grass is stretched between the sides of the thumbs and tensioned slightly by bending the thumbs to change the pitch. The tone can be modified by cupping the hands to provide a resonant chamber.
181:, where a reed is cut and separated from the tube of cane and attached to a mouthpiece of some sort. By contrast, in an uncapped double reed instrument (such as the oboe and bassoon), there is no mouthpiece; the two parts of the reed vibrate against one another.
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reed is. The machine separates the reeds according to hardness. Individual reeds graded with the same strength/hardness will vary in their playing characteristics. Sections of a reed that is too hard can be adjusted using blades, scrapers, or abrasives.
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heel and the profile in between affect the sound and playability. Pieces of cane of different density or stiffness, even if cut with the same profile, will respond differently due to those differences.
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Finally, the gouged pieces of cane are soaked, shaped on a shaper with razor blades, and allowed to dry before the final steps. The shaped piece of cane is then re-soaked and tied onto a "staple" for
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is an unframed free reed made of a stone or wood board tied to a rope that is swung around through the air to make a whistling sound. Another primitive unframed free-reed instrument is the leaf (the
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consistently on both sides. The split pieces are gouged by machine to remove many layers and drastically decrease thickness, which eases the scraping process for the reed-maker.
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warehouse. As production requires it, cane is taken to a factory's cutting department, where it is cut into tubes graded by diameter and wall density. The tubes are cut into
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784:, "The Classical Squeezebox: A Short History of the Accordion and Other Free-Reed Instruments in Classical Music," The Classical Free-Reed, Inc. (1997).
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The tubes are split into three equal parts and the pieces that are not warped are chosen. A reed made from warped cane will not
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877:- an exhibition curated by the Museum of Making Music, Carlsbad, CA - detailing the history and migration of reed instruments.
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instruments have four reeds, two on top and two on bottom. Examples of this include an archetypal instrument from
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instruments, and bagpipes. Synthetic reeds are more durable and do not need to be moistened prior to playing.
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The playing characteristics of cane reeds are susceptible to changes in temperature and humidity.
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or synthetics. Musical instruments are classified according to the type and number of reeds.
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464:. The reed is made from cane, willow, brass or steel, and is enclosed in a rigid frame. The
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and made into reed blanks. Blanks are tapered and profiled into reeds using blades or
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prefer one diameter at one time of the year and a different diameter at other times.
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finished when the reeds play in tune or can make a sufficient "crow"-like noise.
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Double reed manufacturing begins the same way as that of single reeds.
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637:"Oboe Cane Processing Overview | Midwest Musical Imports Blog"
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machines. Completed reeds are graded for strength by machine.
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666:"Oboe Tube Cane Guide :: Midwest Musical Imports Blog"
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compounds, and from a combination of cane and synthetics.
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495:, but there are synthetic reeds for clarinet, saxophone,
158:("Giant cane") or synthetic material. Tuned reeds (as in
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842:"D'Addario Woodwinds : Strength Comparison Chart"
428:, ancient Southeast Asian instruments like the Laotian
696:"Oboe Reed Vibrations - Things Are Shakin' - OboeHobo"
173:The earliest types of single-reed instruments used
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
368:is one of the most recognized instruments of India
795:"Premium Synthetic Woodwind Reeds | Légère Reeds"
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16:Sound producing part of some musical instruments
725:"The Westwind reed knife and sharpening system"
502:Recently, synthetic reeds have been made from
432:, and modern European instruments such as the
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896:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
189:Single reeds are used on the mouthpieces of
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254:are used on many instruments, such as the
1450:Woodwind instrument parts and accessories
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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817:"The Idea - Harry Hartmann's Fiberreed"
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583:, and tenor and baritone saxophones).
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520:, has a distinctive kind of reed (a
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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852:from the original on 25 August 2017
524:), which is made from a paper-like
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468:of the framed free reed is fixed.
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347:reeds or formed on a mandrel for
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735:from the original on 2015-12-08
706:from the original on 2016-05-06
676:from the original on 2015-12-08
647:from the original on 2015-12-08
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846:www.woodwinds.daddario.com
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729:Westwind Reed Making Tools
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754:"Reed Help for Beginners"
694:Witt, John (2014-07-03).
887:"Reed instruments"
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893:Encyclopædia Britannica
670:Midwest Musical Imports
641:Midwest Musical Imports
532:Commercial vs. handmade
416:There are two types of
215:single-reed instruments
213:used to make reeds for
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58:"Reed" mouthpiece
603:Mouthpiece (woodwind)
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1170:Heckelphone-clarinet
598:Free-reed instrument
560:orchestras call for
541:Care and maintenance
491:reeds are made from
152:reeds are made from
43:improve this article
489:woodwind instrument
412:Free reed aerophone
179:heteroglottal reeds
150:woodwind instrument
1129:Reclam de xeremies
875:The Roots of Reeds
797:. Légère Reeds LTD
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146:musical instrument
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1302:Gourd mouth organ
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1367:Orthotonophonium
1362:Indian harmonium
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1077:Cylindrical bore
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568:West Side Story
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364:The four reed
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280:contrabassoon
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54:Find sources:
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32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1265:Couesnophone
1153:Conical bore
1030:Oboe d'amore
1005:English horn
987:Conical bore
891:
854:. Retrieved
845:
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824:. Retrieved
820:
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799:. Retrieved
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737:. Retrieved
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678:. Retrieved
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649:. Retrieved
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610:reed-making
579:, clarinet,
577:English horn
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486:
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471:The ancient
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371:
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335:
329:Arundo donax
327:
325:
316:Rauschpfeife
284:sarrusophone
264:English horn
260:oboe d'amore
252:Double reeds
250:
230:Double reeds
219:
208:
205:Construction
199:
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185:Single reeds
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174:
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155:Arundo donax
153:
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1357:Guide-chant
1332:Martinshorn
1069:Single reed
1055:Taepyeongso
940:Double reed
497:double reed
272:heckelphone
236:Double reed
1444:Categories
1374:Saenghwang
1352:Pump organ
1307:Hornophone
1260:Concertina
1229:Pitch pipe
1224:Party horn
1219:Bullroarer
1160:Aulochrome
826:5 December
801:5 December
768:2016-05-28
739:2015-12-03
710:2015-12-03
680:2015-12-04
651:2015-12-03
571:calls for
528:membrane.
473:bullroarer
450:concertina
442:reed pipes
438:reed organ
418:free reeds
410:See also:
406:Free reeds
391:, and the
296:nadaswaram
234:See also:
195:saxophones
164:accordions
160:harmonicas
69:newspapers
1429:Tone hole
1342:Organetto
1280:Chromatic
1275:Harmonica
1270:Harmoneon
1250:Accordion
1199:Free reed
1180:Saxophone
1114:Launeddas
1099:Chalumeau
612:workshops
483:Materials
458:accordion
454:bandoneĂłn
446:harmonica
434:harmonium
400:harmonics
393:Cambodian
268:bass oboe
191:clarinets
1337:Melodica
1327:Mangtong
1285:Diatonic
1255:Claviola
1185:Tárogató
1144:Zhaleika
1104:Clarinet
962:Chirimia
856:21 March
850:Archived
762:Archived
733:Archived
704:Archived
700:OboeHobo
674:Archived
645:Archived
587:See also
562:woodwind
389:Thailand
312:bagpipes
308:crumhorn
292:bagpipes
99:May 2020
1322:Lusheng
1295:Tremolo
1175:Octavin
1139:Xaphoon
1124:Pibgorn
1109:Diplica
1000:Bombard
995:Bassoon
957:Balaban
616:Ireland
573:piccolo
515:Chinese
381:shehnai
366:shehnai
349:bassoon
338:vibrate
300:shehnai
276:bassoon
245:Bassoon
148:. Most
142:lamella
83:scholar
1389:Triola
1312:Hulusi
1207:Single
1119:Mijwiz
1094:BĂĽlban
1089:Arghul
1084:Alboka
1050:Sopila
1040:Rhaita
1035:Piston
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526:bamboo
396:sralai
379:, the
314:, and
304:others
220:splits
132:reeds.
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1045:Shawm
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623:Notes
522:di mo
487:Most
466:pitch
462:bayan
430:khene
422:shēng
387:from
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288:shawm
168:metal
90:JSTOR
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1243:Sets
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1025:Oboe
977:Piri
972:Guan
858:2018
828:2020
803:2020
513:, a
511:dizi
509:The
493:cane
477:bilu
345:oboe
302:and
298:and
256:oboe
211:cane
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