41:
243:
395:
181:
732:: Also known as induction or suction. This stroke of the piston begins at top dead center (TDC) and ends at bottom dead center (BDC). In this stroke the intake valve must be in the open position while the piston pulls an air-fuel mixture into the cylinder by producing vacuum pressure into the cylinder through its downward motion. The piston is moving down as air is being sucked in by the downward motion against the piston.
848:. It is five stories high (13.5 m or 44 ft), 27 m (89 ft) long, and weighs over 2,300 metric tons (2,500 short tons) in its largest 14 cylinders version producing more than 84.42 MW (114,800 bhp). Each cylinder has a capacity of 1,820 L (64 cu ft), making a total capacity of 25,480 L (900 cu ft) for the largest versions.
301:
is often used to ensure smooth rotation or to store energy to carry the engine through an un-powered part of the cycle. The more cylinders a reciprocating engine has, generally, the more vibration-free (smoothly) it can operate. The power of a reciprocating engine is proportional to the volume of the
868:
in) for larger engines, and cubic centimetres (abbreviated cc) for smaller engines. All else being equal, engines with greater capacities are more powerful and consumption of fuel increases accordingly (although this is not true of every reciprocating engine), although power and fuel consumption are
454:
Aside from looking at the power that the engine can produce, the mean effective pressure (MEP), can also be used in comparing the power output and performance of reciprocating engines of the same size. The mean effective pressure is the fictitious pressure which would produce the same amount of net
446:
In some steam engines, the cylinders may be of varying size with the smallest bore cylinder working the highest pressure steam. This is then fed through one or more, increasingly larger bore cylinders successively, to extract power from the steam at increasingly lower pressures. These engines are
359:
is the ratio of the diameter of the piston, or "bore", to the length of travel within the cylinder, or "stroke". If this is around 1 the engine is said to be "square". If it is greater than 1, i.e. the bore is larger than the stroke, it is "oversquare". If it is less than 1, i.e. the stroke is
744:: Also known as power or ignition. This is the start of the second revolution of the four stroke cycle. At this point the crankshaft has completed a full 360 degree revolution. While the piston is at TDC (the end of the compression stroke) the compressed air-fuel mixture is ignited by a
317:. These are rings made of a hard metal, and are sprung into a circular groove in the piston head. The rings fit closely in the groove and press lightly against the cylinder wall to form a seal, and more heavily when higher combustion pressure moves around to their inner surfaces.
738:: This stroke begins at BDC, or just at the end of the suction stroke, and ends at TDC In this stroke the piston compresses the air-fuel mixture in preparation for ignition during the power stroke (below). Both the intake and exhaust valves are closed during this stage.
682:
In steam engines and internal combustion engines, valves are required to allow the entry and exit of gases at the correct times in the piston's cycle. These are worked by cams, eccentrics or cranks driven by the shaft of the engine. Early designs used the
901:
Reciprocating engines that are powered by compressed air, steam or other hot gases are still used in some applications such as to drive many modern torpedoes or as pollution-free motive power. Most steam-driven applications use
351:
affects the performance in most types of reciprocating engine. It is the ratio between the volume of the cylinder, when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke, and the volume when the piston is at the top of its stroke.
828:
radial engine. It powered the last generation of large piston-engined planes before jet engines and turboprops took over from 1944 onward. It had a total engine capacity of 71.5 L (4,360 cu in), and a high
534:
966:. A theoretical study has shown that it is possible and practical to build a reciprocating engine that is composed of a single oscillating atom. This is an area for future research and could have applications in
232:, which repeatedly heats and cools the same sealed quantity of gas. The stroke is simply the distance between the TDC and the BDC, or the greatest distance that the piston can travel in one direction.
748:(in a gasoline engine) or by heat generated by high compression (diesel engines), forcefully returning the piston to BDC This stroke produces mechanical work from the engine to turn the crankshaft.
669:
710:
Internal combustion engines operate through a sequence of strokes that admit and remove gases to and from the cylinder. These operations are repeated cyclically and an engine is said to be
404:– Beta Stirling Engine Design, showing the second displacer piston (green) within the cylinder, which shunts the working gas between the hot and cold ends, but produces no power itself.
893:, since high efficiency often requires a lean fuel-air ratio, and thus lower power density. A modern high-performance car engine makes in excess of 75 kW/L (1.65 hp/in).
250:
A labeled schematic diagram of a typical single-cylinder, simple expansion, double-acting high pressure steam engine. Power takeoff from the engine is by way of a belt.
1329:
611:
564:
758:
stroke, the piston, once again, returns from BDC to TDC while the exhaust valve is open. This action expels the spent air-fuel mixture through the exhaust valve.
220:) by the same process acting on the other side of the piston. This is where the piston forms the smallest volume in the cylinder. In most types the expanded or "
584:
1357:
939:
are devices that generate power from heat that flows from a hot to a cold reservoir. The mechanism of operation of the engine can be described by the laws of
3173:
313:
so that the high pressure gas above the piston does not leak past it and reduce the efficiency of the engine. This seal is usually provided by one or more
344:
may have a dozen cylinders or more. Cylinder capacities may range from 10 cm or less in model engines up to thousands of liters in ships' engines.
1909:
909:
The French-designed FlowAIR vehicles use compressed air stored in a cylinder to drive a reciprocating engine in a local-pollution-free urban vehicle.
978:
There are a large number of unusual varieties of piston engines that have various claimed advantages, many of which see little if any current use:
3888:
461:
328:(l) or (L) (US: liter). For example, for internal combustion engines, single and two-cylinder designs are common in smaller vehicles such as
212:(BDC), or where the piston forms the largest volume in the cylinder. The piston is returned to the cylinder top (top dead center) (TDC) by a
2804:
1350:
793:
in the 19th century. Today the most common form of reciprocating engine is the internal combustion engine running on the combustion of
3166:
772:
236:
217:
2825:
950:
In a reciprocating quantum heat engine, the working medium is a quantum system such as spin systems or a harmonic oscillator. The
383:
put two pistons working at opposite ends of the same cylinder and this has been extended into triangular arrangements such as the
4048:
2659:
3921:
2993:
2797:
1902:
4058:
2839:
2818:
2811:
1343:
17:
3316:
3954:
3727:
3159:
2853:
2832:
889:
per cubic inch). The result offers an approximation of the peak power output of an engine. This is not to be confused with
825:
619:
3623:
2860:
2846:
1207:
924:, for example, can travel 11 km (6.8 mi) underwater at 74 km/h (46 mph) fuelled by Otto fuel without
3131:
1053:
1165:
3618:
1895:
1468:
1134:
703:
supplied by the engine and improve efficiency. In some steam engines, the action of the valves can be replaced by an
208:). The hot gases expand, pushing the piston to the bottom of the cylinder. This position is also known as the bottom
3766:
860:, in other words the volume swept by all the pistons of an engine in a single movement. It is generally measured in
4082:
3994:
3948:
4053:
3697:
2960:
2717:
1271:
674:
Whichever engine with the larger value of MEP produces more net work per cycle and performs more efficiently.
3942:
3341:
2613:
2089:
1094:
for a discussion of the layout of the major components of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine.
963:
235:
In some designs the piston may be powered in both directions in the cylinder, in which case it is said to be
3929:
695:
designs. In steam engines the point in the piston cycle at which the steam inlet valve closes is called the
3717:
2619:
1561:
1488:
837:
4067:
1193:
3785:
3757:
3641:
3253:
3196:
1384:
1283:
768:
157:
3656:
4128:
3535:
3095:
2986:
2877:
2679:
1250:
Irreversible performance of a quantum harmonic heat engine, Rezek and
Kosloff, New J. Phys. 8 (2006) 83
1076:
790:
201:
133:
4087:
4076:
3934:
3633:
3246:
2653:
1012:
209:
3861:
3793:
3053:
2608:
2564:
2066:
1638:
1478:
1046:
320:
It is common to classify such engines by the number and alignment of cylinders and total volume of
836:
The largest reciprocating engine in production at present, but not the largest ever built, is the
324:
of gas by the pistons moving in the cylinders usually measured in cubic centimetres (cm or cc) or
4123:
4097:
4092:
4013:
3882:
3737:
3682:
3404:
3360:
2689:
2664:
2283:
802:
152:
for niche applications. Internal combustion engines are further classified in two ways: either a
3900:
3661:
2468:
4102:
4000:
3874:
3841:
3722:
3424:
3373:
3311:
2912:
2684:
2594:
2521:
2094:
1633:
1588:
1498:
1431:
806:
2010:
3967:
3692:
3613:
3586:
3383:
3301:
3211:
2979:
2413:
2278:
2033:
1623:
1618:
1598:
1523:
1483:
1473:
1426:
1421:
1022:
997:
947:
are devices that consume power with the purpose to pump heat from a cold to a hot reservoir.
944:
830:
696:
380:
153:
145:
4027:
3651:
3512:
3378:
3326:
3263:
3216:
2871:
1628:
1608:
1603:
1593:
1571:
1513:
1404:
1399:
1366:
1335:
1091:
936:
820:
One notable reciprocating engine from the World War II era was the 28-cylinder, 3,500
704:
589:
542:
285:
In most types, the linear movement of the piston is converted to a rotating movement via a
118:
8:
4021:
3555:
3429:
3346:
3336:
3142:
3068:
3043:
2765:
2486:
2298:
2043:
1862:
1686:
1613:
1508:
1458:
1017:
882:
857:
321:
1248:
1179:
3517:
3013:
2897:
2775:
2747:
2491:
2423:
1927:
1681:
1551:
1546:
1503:
1441:
1259:
987:
913:
814:
778:
569:
3818:
3666:
3605:
3560:
3540:
3527:
3507:
3489:
3434:
3388:
3258:
3201:
2922:
2785:
2770:
2757:
2737:
2712:
2556:
1671:
1556:
1541:
1518:
1130:
940:
719:
715:
348:
310:
189:
161:
48:
3894:
3855:
3581:
3499:
3469:
3321:
2727:
2674:
2604:
2501:
2378:
2208:
1661:
1656:
1064:
777:
The reciprocating engine developed in Europe during the 18th century, first as the
711:
225:
132:. This article describes the common features of all types. The main types are: the
2328:
1323:
3800:
3742:
3550:
3545:
3459:
3414:
3090:
3018:
2917:
2742:
2732:
2722:
2353:
1676:
1666:
1580:
1533:
1436:
1071:
921:
890:
786:
448:
364:
229:
205:
197:
169:
149:
129:
52:
35:
31:
3986:
3835:
3807:
3484:
3306:
3296:
3206:
3028:
2668:
2458:
2433:
2418:
2323:
2270:
1952:
1446:
1039:
967:
959:
286:
81:
1831:
1826:
1801:
1796:
1312:
387:. Some designs have set the cylinders in motion around the shaft, such as the
4117:
3774:
3747:
3646:
3565:
3401:
3100:
3078:
3063:
2955:
2937:
2649:
2599:
2496:
2448:
2438:
2188:
2142:
2038:
1977:
1857:
1847:
1704:
1493:
1411:
1370:
1102:
1097:
982:
903:
878:
841:
810:
684:
401:
388:
384:
376:
165:
137:
40:
2403:
845:
242:
3975:
3732:
3479:
3464:
3419:
3273:
3268:
3182:
3113:
3073:
2398:
2393:
2303:
2147:
2122:
1972:
1389:
1318:
1272:
https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a46013000/innegine-ev-range-extender/
1086:
1059:
1002:
951:
917:
782:
692:
688:
356:
193:
141:
96:
3827:
3398:
3368:
3241:
3118:
3038:
3023:
3002:
2950:
2892:
2887:
2704:
2644:
2629:
2584:
2516:
2453:
2408:
2313:
2198:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2061:
1967:
1648:
1453:
1394:
1035:
992:
798:
372:
329:
314:
221:
114:
529:{\displaystyle W_{net}={\text{MEP}}\cdot A_{p}S={\text{MEP}}\cdot V_{d}}
455:
work that was produced during the power stroke cycle. This is shown by:
3906:
3849:
3474:
3409:
3393:
3331:
3288:
3278:
3058:
3033:
2546:
2531:
2526:
2293:
2132:
2114:
2025:
1987:
1962:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1736:
1724:
1463:
1416:
1081:
1007:
955:
886:
821:
745:
337:
333:
294:
290:
87:
60:
1315:– in-cylinder combustion in an optically accessible, two-stroke engine
192:, into which a gas is introduced, either already under pressure (e.g.
3702:
3687:
3083:
2694:
2634:
2574:
2541:
2443:
2428:
2388:
2383:
2363:
2343:
2288:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2127:
2104:
2000:
1957:
1806:
1743:
1731:
1719:
1714:
1709:
920:, which pressurize without combustion. The 230 kg (510 lb)
844:. It is used to power the largest modern container ships such as the
394:
180:
216:, the power from other pistons connected to the same shaft or (in a
3591:
2932:
2927:
2902:
2639:
2368:
2358:
2348:
2333:
2308:
2152:
2137:
2099:
2071:
2015:
2005:
1942:
1872:
1867:
1852:
1788:
1696:
368:
298:
213:
125:
66:
2579:
2569:
2536:
2511:
2506:
2373:
2338:
2157:
2053:
1995:
1947:
1236:
1221:
958:
are the ones most studied. The quantum versions obey the laws of
925:
722:
depending on the number of strokes it takes to complete a cycle.
3151:
3707:
3444:
2971:
2589:
794:
700:
306:
121:
75:
725:
The most common type is 4-stroke, which has following cycles.
3226:
2463:
2318:
1887:
896:
861:
341:
325:
1365:
1262:
Physorg, November 30, 2012 by Lisa Zyga. Accessed 01-12-12
1194:"Beginner's Guide: What is a Piston (And What Does It Do)?"
962:. In addition, these models can justify the assumptions of
613:
is the total displacement volume of the engine. Therefore:
204:) or by contact with a hot heat exchanger in the cylinder (
188:
There may be one or more pistons. Each piston is inside a
2623:
2193:
2081:
1918:
869:
affected by many factors outside of engine displacement.
840:
turbocharged two-stroke diesel engine of 2006 built by
164:, so that the heated air ignites fuel that is injected
156:, where the spark plug initiates the combustion; or a
1045:
For a contrasting approach using no pistons, see the
881:, which is typically given in kilowatts per litre of
664:{\displaystyle {\text{MEP}}={\frac {W_{net}}{V_{d}}}}
622:
592:
572:
545:
464:
931:
877:
Reciprocating engines can be characterized by their
1260:
Can a car engine be built out of a single particle?
160:, where the air within the cylinder is compressed,
1239:manufactured by MDI SA. Accessed February 19, 2015
663:
605:
578:
558:
528:
27:Engine utilising one or more reciprocating pistons
4115:
1208:"The Basics of How a Piston-Driven Engine Works"
906:, which are more efficient than piston engines.
856:For piston engines, an engine's capacity is the
699:and this can often be controlled to adjust the
175:
224:" gases are removed from the cylinder by this
3167:
2987:
1903:
1351:
912:Torpedoes may use a working gas produced by
360:larger than the bore, it is "undersquare".
336:typically have between four and eight, and
196:), or heated inside the cylinder either by
3174:
3160:
2994:
2980:
1910:
1896:
1358:
1344:
1332:at the US Centennial of Flight Commission.
1180:"What is a Piston Engine? (With pictures)"
897:Other modern non-internal combustion types
864:(l) or cubic inches (c.i.d., cu in,
773:History of the internal combustion engine
586:is the stroke length of the pistons, and
2314:Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe
1222:Most powerful diesel engine in the world
1148:
1146:
973:
687:but this has been largely superseded by
566:is the total piston area of the engine,
393:
305:A seal must be made between the sliding
241:
179:
39:
4049:Glossary of steam locomotive components
2660:Homogeneous charge compression ignition
1155:by Yunus A. Cengal and Michael A. Boles
1153:Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
1129:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 213.
14:
4116:
3155:
2975:
1891:
1339:
1143:
1124:
826:Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major
124:to convert high temperature and high
1319:HowStuffWorks: How Car Engines Work
754:: Also known as outlet. During the
184:Ray-traced image of a piston engine
24:
3901:National Museum of Scotland engine
3132:Timeline of heat engine technology
1054:Timeline of heat engine technology
1052:For an historical perspective see
851:
25:
4140:
3181:
2324:Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville
1306:
1290:. American City Business Journals
932:Reciprocating quantum heat engine
45:Internal combustion piston engine
4083:List of steam technology patents
3001:
302:combined pistons' displacement.
158:compression-ignition (CI) engine
92:W. Water jacket for coolant flow
1284:"A Fresh Spin on Engine Design"
1276:
1265:
1253:
297:or other suitable mechanism. A
4068:Murdoch's model steam carriage
4054:History of steam road vehicles
2961:Template:EC car classification
1917:
1242:
1230:
1214:
1200:
1186:
1172:
1158:
1118:
13:
1:
3995:Murray's Hypocycloidal Engine
964:endoreversible thermodynamics
785:. These were followed by the
677:
3718:Return connecting rod engine
176:Common features in all types
7:
3642:Condensing steam locomotive
1028:
769:History of the steam engine
10:
4145:
3949:"Coalbrookdale Locomotive"
2650:Gasoline / petrol
2414:Roadster / Spider / Spyder
1227:. Accessed: 14 April 2017.
1077:Internal combustion engine
1042:involved in these engines.
791:internal combustion engine
766:
762:
202:internal combustion engine
154:spark-ignition (SI) engine
134:internal combustion engine
29:
4041:
4012:
3985:
3966:
3955:"Pen-y-Darren" locomotive
3920:
3873:
3826:
3817:
3784:
3765:
3756:
3675:
3632:
3624:Single- and double-acting
3604:
3574:
3526:
3498:
3452:
3443:
3359:
3287:
3234:
3225:
3189:
3140:
3127:
3109:
3009:
2946:
2870:
2790:(engine / drive)
2784:
2756:
2703:
2555:
2477:
2269:
2207:
2166:
2113:
2080:
2052:
2024:
1986:
1935:
1926:
1840:
1787:
1695:
1647:
1579:
1570:
1532:
1377:
1013:Revolving cylinder engine
363:Cylinders may be aligned
47:Components of a typical,
3794:Newcomen Memorial Engine
2429:Sedan delivery/Panel van
1127:A Dictionary of Aviation
1125:Wragg, David W. (1973).
1111:
1047:pistonless rotary engine
872:
809:(CNG) and used to power
109:, also often known as a
4098:Timeline of steam power
4093:Stationary steam engine
3976:Woolf's compound engine
3883:Soho Manufactory engine
3738:Steeple compound engine
3405:straight line mechanism
2690:Liquified petroleum gas
2502:Driverless (autonomous)
838:Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C
803:liquefied petroleum gas
422:
379:around the crankshaft.
228:. The exception is the
200:of a fuel air mixture (
51:, internal combustion,
4103:Water-returning engine
4077:Lean's Engine Reporter
3850:Chacewater Mine engine
3723:Six-column beam engine
2595:Compressed natural gas
2522:Personal rapid transit
1499:Single-acting cylinder
1432:Double-acting cylinder
1166:"Piston Engine Basics"
807:compressed natural gas
665:
607:
580:
560:
530:
443:
399:Stirling piston engine
381:Opposed-piston engines
282:
269:Eccentric valve motion
218:double acting cylinder
185:
144:, the mainstay of the
136:, used extensively in
117:that uses one or more
102:
3943:London Steam Carriage
3074:Steam (reciprocating)
2861:Dual motor-four-wheel
2459:Town (Coupé de Ville)
1367:Engine configurations
1324:Reciprocating Engines
1023:Thermo-magnetic motor
998:Opposed-piston engine
974:Miscellaneous engines
945:Quantum refrigerators
831:power-to-weight ratio
767:Further information:
666:
608:
606:{\displaystyle V_{d}}
581:
561:
559:{\displaystyle A_{p}}
531:
397:
373:horizontally opposite
309:and the walls of the
245:
183:
146:Industrial Revolution
43:
18:Reciprocating engines
3889:Bradley Works engine
3713:Reciprocating engine
3536:Babcock & Wilcox
3379:Centrifugal governor
2872:Engine configuration
1469:Oscillating cylinder
1092:Engine configuration
937:Quantum heat engines
705:oscillating cylinder
620:
590:
570:
543:
462:
278:Centrifugal governor
107:reciprocating engine
3430:Sun and planet gear
3143:Thermodynamic cycle
3054:Pistonless (Rotary)
3044:Photo-Carnot engine
2878:internal combustion
2680:Internal combustion
2487:All-terrain vehicle
2409:Retractable hardtop
1562:Two-and four-stroke
1464:Intake over exhaust
1018:Swing-piston engine
883:engine displacement
858:engine displacement
815:engine power plants
247:Steam piston engine
3930:Richard Trevithick
3528:Water-tube boilers
3342:Gresley conjugated
1168:. 4 February 2016.
1038:for a view of the
988:Free-piston engine
914:high test peroxide
885:(in the U.S. also
781:then later as the
779:atmospheric engine
661:
603:
576:
556:
526:
444:
417:Cold cylinder wall
283:
186:
103:
71:I. Intake camshaft
4129:Engine technology
4111:
4110:
4037:
4036:
3916:
3915:
3600:
3599:
3500:Fire-tube boilers
3355:
3354:
3149:
3148:
2969:
2968:
2265:
2264:
2034:Compact executive
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1581:Inline / straight
1479:Overhead camshaft
941:quantum mechanics
659:
626:
579:{\displaystyle S}
511:
487:
411:Hot cylinder wall
357:bore/stroke ratio
349:compression ratio
260:Crosshead bearing
113:, is typically a
49:four-stroke cycle
16:(Redirected from
4136:
4061:fardier Ă vapeur
3895:Whitbread Engine
3856:Smethwick Engine
3824:
3823:
3763:
3762:
3582:Feedwater heater
3450:
3449:
3232:
3231:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3153:
3152:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2973:
2972:
2881:
2840:Front-four-wheel
2791:
2654:direct injection
2565:Alternative fuel
2379:Multi-stop truck
1933:
1932:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1577:
1576:
1572:Cylinder layouts
1360:
1353:
1346:
1337:
1336:
1313:Combustion video
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1288:www.hemmings.com
1280:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1196:. 16 March 2018.
1190:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1122:
1065:Steam locomotive
824:(2,600 kW)
670:
668:
667:
662:
660:
658:
657:
648:
647:
632:
627:
624:
612:
610:
609:
604:
602:
601:
585:
583:
582:
577:
565:
563:
562:
557:
555:
554:
535:
533:
532:
527:
525:
524:
512:
509:
501:
500:
488:
485:
480:
479:
449:compound engines
438:
432:
427:Displacer piston
426:
416:
410:
21:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4033:
4008:
3981:
3962:
3912:
3869:
3813:
3801:Fairbottom Bobs
3786:Newcomen engine
3780:
3752:
3698:Expansion valve
3671:
3657:Watt's separate
3628:
3596:
3570:
3522:
3494:
3439:
3415:Parallel motion
3351:
3302:Stephenson link
3283:
3221:
3190:Operating cycle
3185:
3180:
3150:
3145:
3136:
3123:
3105:
3005:
3000:
2970:
2965:
2942:
2913:Single-cylinder
2875:
2874:
2866:
2854:Rear-four-wheel
2805:Front mid-front
2789:
2788:
2780:
2758:Engine position
2752:
2699:
2685:Liquid nitrogen
2551:
2479:
2473:
2261:
2203:
2162:
2109:
2095:Crossover (CUV)
2076:
2048:
2020:
1982:
1922:
1916:
1886:
1877:
1836:
1783:
1691:
1643:
1566:
1528:
1373:
1364:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1219:
1215:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1182:. 16 July 2023.
1178:
1177:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1103:Gasoline engine
1072:Stirling engine
1031:
976:
934:
922:Mark 46 torpedo
899:
891:fuel efficiency
875:
854:
852:Engine capacity
787:Stirling engine
775:
765:
680:
653:
649:
637:
633:
631:
623:
621:
618:
617:
597:
593:
591:
588:
587:
571:
568:
567:
550:
546:
544:
541:
540:
520:
516:
508:
496:
492:
484:
469:
465:
463:
460:
459:
442:
436:
430:
424:
420:
414:
408:
375:each other, or
369:V configuration
281:
249:
230:Stirling engine
206:Stirling engine
178:
162:thus heating it
150:Stirling engine
130:rotating motion
101:
55:piston engine.
38:
36:Hydraulic motor
32:Pneumatic motor
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4142:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4124:Piston engines
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4065:
4051:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4025:
4018:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
3998:
3991:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3972:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3926:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3879:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3839:
3836:Kinneil Engine
3832:
3830:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3808:Elsecar Engine
3805:
3797:
3790:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3771:
3769:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3728:Steeple engine
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3638:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3587:Feedwater pump
3584:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3456:
3454:
3453:Simple boilers
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3435:Watt's linkage
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3384:Connecting rod
3381:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3238:
3236:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3179:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3156:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3096:Thermoacoustic
3093:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3006:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2847:Mid-four-wheel
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2792:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2662:
2657:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2617:
2611:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2561:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2434:Shooting brake
2431:
2426:
2424:Saloon / Sedan
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1930:
1928:Classification
1924:
1923:
1915:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1793:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1484:Overhead valve
1481:
1476:
1474:Opposed-piston
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1371:piston engines
1363:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1330:Piston Engines
1327:
1326:at Infoplease.
1321:
1316:
1308:
1307:External links
1305:
1302:
1301:
1275:
1264:
1252:
1241:
1229:
1220:Hanlon, Mike.
1213:
1199:
1185:
1171:
1157:
1142:
1135:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1084:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1040:thermodynamics
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
975:
972:
968:nanotechnology
960:thermodynamics
933:
930:
904:steam turbines
898:
895:
879:specific power
874:
871:
853:
850:
811:motor vehicles
764:
761:
760:
759:
749:
739:
733:
679:
676:
672:
671:
656:
652:
646:
643:
640:
636:
630:
600:
596:
575:
553:
549:
537:
536:
523:
519:
515:
507:
504:
499:
495:
491:
483:
478:
475:
472:
468:
441:
440:
434:
428:
421:
419:
418:
412:
405:
287:connecting rod
280:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
263:Connecting rod
261:
258:
255:
251:
177:
174:
138:motor vehicles
100:
99:
93:
90:
84:
82:Connecting rod
78:
72:
69:
63:
56:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4141:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3936:Puffing Devil
3933:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3922:High-pressure
3919:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3875:Rotative beam
3872:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3776:
3775:Savery Engine
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3748:Working fluid
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3425:Rotative beam
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:hypocycloidal
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3183:Steam engines
3177:
3172:
3170:
3165:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3102:
3101:Manson engine
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3079:Steam turbine
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3014:Carnot engine
3012:
3011:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2992:
2990:
2985:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2908:Reciprocating
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2869:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2826:Rear mid-rear
2823:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2439:Station wagon
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2329:Coupé utility
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:Sport compact
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2054:Minivan / MPV
2051:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1534:Stroke cycles
1531:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1268:
1261:
1256:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1226:
1223:
1217:
1209:
1203:
1195:
1189:
1181:
1175:
1167:
1161:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1138:
1136:9780850451634
1132:
1128:
1121:
1117:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:Diesel engine
1096:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
983:Bourke engine
981:
980:
979:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
948:
946:
942:
938:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
910:
907:
905:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
870:
867:
863:
859:
849:
847:
843:
839:
834:
832:
827:
823:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
774:
770:
757:
753:
750:
747:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
727:
726:
723:
721:
717:
713:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
685:D slide valve
675:
654:
650:
644:
641:
638:
634:
628:
616:
615:
614:
598:
594:
573:
551:
547:
521:
517:
513:
505:
502:
497:
493:
489:
481:
476:
473:
470:
466:
458:
457:
456:
452:
450:
435:
429:
423:
413:
407:
406:
403:
402:Rhombic Drive
400:
396:
392:
390:
389:rotary engine
386:
385:Napier Deltic
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
358:
353:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
308:
303:
300:
296:
292:
288:
277:
275:Sliding valve
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
252:
248:
244:
240:
238:
237:double-acting
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
182:
173:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
119:reciprocating
116:
112:
111:piston engine
108:
98:
94:
91:
89:
85:
83:
79:
77:
73:
70:
68:
64:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
33:
19:
4088:Modern steam
4075:
4060:
4022:Porter-Allen
4001:
3935:
3862:
3842:
3799:
3733:Safety valve
3712:
3662:"Pickle-pot"
3556:Thimble tube
3114:Beale number
3069:Split-single
3048:
3003:Heat engines
2907:
2748:Twelve-wheel
2705:Drive wheels
2478:Specialized
2399:Pickup truck
2304:Cabrio coach
2148:Sports sedan
2123:Grand tourer
1863:Split-single
1649:Flat / boxer
1509:Swing-piston
1292:. Retrieved
1287:
1278:
1267:
1255:
1244:
1232:
1224:
1216:
1202:
1188:
1174:
1160:
1152:
1126:
1120:
1087:Diesel cycle
1060:Steam engine
1003:Axial engine
977:
952:Carnot cycle
949:
935:
918:Otto fuel II
911:
908:
900:
876:
865:
855:
835:
819:
783:steam engine
776:
755:
751:
741:
735:
729:
724:
709:
693:poppet valve
689:piston valve
681:
673:
538:
453:
445:
433:Power piston
398:
362:
354:
346:
322:displacement
319:
315:piston rings
304:
284:
246:
234:
194:steam engine
187:
142:steam engine
110:
106:
104:
44:
3819:Watt engine
3619:Oscillating
3575:Boiler feed
3420:Plate chain
3399:Tusi couple
3312:Walschaerts
3197:Atmospheric
3119:West number
3039:Minto wheel
3024:Gas turbine
2898:Four-stroke
2798:Front-front
2738:Eight-wheel
2713:Front-wheel
2645:Natural gas
2630:Fossil fuel
2585:Biogasoline
2271:Body styles
2199:Vintage car
1552:Five-stroke
1547:Four-stroke
1504:Split cycle
1442:Free-piston
1385:Atmospheric
1036:Heat engine
993:IRIS engine
736:Compression
338:locomotives
334:automobiles
330:motorcycles
210:dead center
115:heat engine
65:E. Exhaust
4118:Categories
4028:Ljungström
4014:High-speed
3907:Lap Engine
3863:Resolution
3767:Precursors
3652:Kirchweger
3614:Locomotive
3561:Three-drum
3541:Field-tube
3508:Locomotive
3490:Lancashire
3410:Link chain
3394:Crankshaft
3361:Mechanisms
3289:Valve gear
3059:Rijke tube
2923:Two-stroke
2819:Front-rear
2812:Rear-front
2728:Four-wheel
2718:Rear-wheel
2557:Propulsion
2547:Voiturette
2532:Flying car
2527:Police car
2492:Amphibious
2404:Quad coupé
2294:Berlinetta
2011:Street rod
1953:Subcompact
1557:Six-stroke
1542:Two-stroke
1459:Heron head
1417:Cam engine
1294:10 October
1082:Otto cycle
1008:Cam engine
956:Otto cycle
887:horsepower
846:Emma Mærsk
746:spark plug
742:Combustion
678:Operations
295:swashplate
291:crankshaft
257:Piston rod
148:; and the
88:Spark plug
61:Crankshaft
30:See also:
4059:Cugnot's
4002:Salamanca
3703:Hydrolock
3688:Crosshead
3634:Condenser
3470:Egg-ended
3084:Aeolipile
2833:Rear-rear
2743:Ten-wheel
2733:Six-wheel
2723:Two-wheel
2635:Fuel cell
2575:Biodiesel
2542:Tow truck
2517:Pedal car
2497:Connected
2469:Vis-Ă -vis
2444:Targa top
2389:Panel van
2384:Notchback
2364:Limousine
2354:Landaulet
2344:Hatchback
2289:Barchetta
2257:S-segment
2252:M-segment
2247:J-segment
2242:F-segment
2237:E-segment
2232:D-segment
2227:C-segment
2222:B-segment
2217:A-segment
2128:Hot hatch
2105:Coupe SUV
2039:Executive
2001:Lead sled
1978:Full-size
1958:Supermini
805:(LPG) or
514:⋅
490:⋅
439:Flywheels
222:exhausted
4042:See also
3968:Compound
3843:Old Bess
3683:Blowback
3606:Cylinder
3592:Injector
3551:Stirling
3546:Sentinel
3460:Haystack
3374:Cataract
3347:Southern
3337:Caprotti
3212:Compound
3091:Stirling
3019:Fluidyne
2956:Category
2933:W engine
2918:Straight
2675:Hydrogen
2640:Fuel gas
2605:Electric
2480:vehicles
2419:Runabout
2369:Microvan
2359:Liftback
2349:Kammback
2334:Fastback
2309:Cab over
2299:Brougham
2044:Personal
2016:T-bucket
2006:Lowrider
1973:Mid-size
1489:Pentroof
1437:Flathead
1427:Compound
1405:Rotative
1029:See also
842:Wärtsilä
720:6-stroke
716:4-stroke
712:2-stroke
377:radially
332:, while
311:cylinder
299:flywheel
293:or by a
272:Flywheel
214:flywheel
198:ignition
190:cylinder
126:pressure
67:camshaft
53:gasoline
3758:History
3667:Surface
3485:Cornish
3445:Boilers
3327:Corliss
3264:Corliss
3247:D slide
3217:Uniflow
3207:Cornish
3029:Hot air
2928:V (Vee)
2903:H-block
2669:plug-in
2667: (
2652: (
2622: (
2620:Ethanol
2609:battery
2607: (
2580:Biofuel
2570:Autogas
2537:Taxicab
2512:Gyrocar
2507:Go-kart
2454:Touring
2449:Torpedo
2394:Phaeton
2374:Minibus
2339:Hardtop
2184:Economy
2179:Classic
2174:Antique
2158:Go-kart
2090:Compact
2067:Leisure
2062:Compact
1996:Hot rod
1968:Compact
1936:By size
1697:V / Vee
1514:Uniflow
1447:Stelzer
1422:Camless
1400:Cornish
926:oxidant
763:History
756:exhaust
752:Exhaust
447:called
367:, in a
365:in line
170:earlier
128:into a
122:pistons
4070:(1784)
4064:(1769)
4030:(1908)
4024:(1862)
4005:(1812)
3997:(1805)
3987:Murray
3978:(1803)
3957:(1804)
3951:(1803)
3945:(1803)
3939:(1801)
3909:(1788)
3903:(1786)
3897:(1785)
3891:(1783)
3885:(1782)
3866:(1781)
3858:(1779)
3852:(1778)
3846:(1777)
3838:(1768)
3810:(1795)
3804:(1760)
3796:(1725)
3777:(1698)
3743:Stroke
3708:Piston
3693:Cutoff
3566:Yarrow
3518:Launch
3513:Scotch
3274:Sleeve
3269:Poppet
3254:Piston
3235:Valves
3227:Valves
3064:Rocket
3049:Piston
2951:Portal
2938:Wankel
2863:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2786:Layout
2665:Hybrid
2600:Diesel
2590:Biogas
2284:Baquet
2133:Muscle
2115:Sports
2026:Luxury
1988:Custom
1963:Family
1921:design
1858:Radial
1848:Deltic
1494:Rotary
1412:Bourke
1237:AIRPod
1225:GizMag
1133:
862:litres
799:diesel
795:petrol
730:Intake
701:torque
697:cutoff
539:where
437:
431:
425:
415:
409:
326:litres
307:piston
289:and a
254:Piston
226:stroke
140:; the
97:Valves
76:Piston
3676:Other
3480:Flued
3465:Wagon
3389:Crank
3332:Lentz
3322:Baker
3317:Allan
3242:Slide
2888:Boxer
2766:Front
2695:Steam
2464:T-top
2319:Coupe
2167:Other
2153:Super
1943:Micro
1841:Other
1524:Wedge
1390:Axial
1112:Notes
873:Power
342:ships
266:Crank
3828:Beam
3369:Beam
3279:Bash
3259:Drop
3202:Watt
2893:Flat
2776:Rear
2138:Pony
2100:Mini
2072:Mini
1519:Watt
1454:Hemi
1395:Beam
1378:Type
1369:for
1296:2023
1131:ISBN
954:and
813:and
789:and
771:and
355:The
347:The
340:and
166:then
34:and
3647:Jet
3475:Box
3307:Joy
3297:Gab
3034:Jet
2771:Mid
2624:E85
2614:NEV
2279:2+2
2194:Van
2189:Ute
2082:SUV
1948:Kei
1919:Car
1832:W30
1827:W24
1822:W18
1817:W16
1812:W12
1779:V24
1774:V20
1769:V18
1764:V16
1759:V14
1754:V12
1749:V10
1737:VR6
1725:VR5
1687:F16
1682:F12
1677:F10
1639:I14
1634:I12
943:.
916:or
718:or
691:or
625:MEP
510:MEP
486:MEP
168:or
95:V.
86:S.
80:R.
74:P.
59:C.
4120::
2209:EU
1807:W8
1802:W6
1797:W3
1744:V8
1732:V6
1720:V5
1715:V4
1710:V3
1705:V2
1672:F8
1667:F6
1662:F4
1657:F2
1629:I9
1624:I8
1619:I7
1614:I6
1609:I5
1604:I4
1599:I3
1594:I2
1589:I1
1286:.
1145:^
970:.
928:.
866:or
833:.
822:hp
817:.
801:,
797:,
714:,
707:.
451:.
391:.
371:,
239:.
172:.
105:A
3175:e
3168:t
3161:v
2995:e
2988:t
2981:v
2880:)
2876:(
2671:)
2656:)
2626:)
2616:)
1911:e
1904:t
1897:v
1873:X
1868:U
1853:H
1789:W
1359:e
1352:t
1345:v
1298:.
1210:.
1139:.
1056:.
1049:.
655:d
651:V
645:t
642:e
639:n
635:W
629:=
599:d
595:V
574:S
552:p
548:A
522:d
518:V
506:=
503:S
498:p
494:A
482:=
477:t
474:e
471:n
467:W
20:)
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