254:, who met him a few times in Tiflis and valued his work, describes Patkanian's personality and appearance in his memoirs. He writes that he was "of shorter than average height, neither fat nor thin, dark-skinned, with piercing eyes under his simple glasses, which eyes sometimes resembled those of some kind of predator; his face was always clean-shaven, his graying mustache was a little trimmed, and his mouth was crooked." He writes that Patkanian spoke mostly in Russian (fluently, but with a Nakhichevan-on-Don accent), and that he spoke in a loud, commanding voice. He notes Patkanian's prickly personality—he had a propensity to bitterly satirize anyone he did not like—and his quarrels with other Armenian writers, such as
337:," (Protest to Europe), he strongly condemned the indifference of the European powers to the plight of the Armenians. In some of his other patriotic poems, Patkanian criticized Armenian clergymen for promoting inaction and those who were apathetic to national issues. Patkanian also wrote short stories and satirical works in his native dialect on social issues within the Armenian community. In these works, he depicted social and political abuses, immoral merchants and priests, and a decadent youth. His collected works were published in Yerevan in eight volumes from 1963 to 1974.
1209:
278:) as a literary language. Some of his works are written in his native Nakhichevan-on-Don dialect. His first poems are about merrymaking and youth, but he soon shifted to the topic of the struggles of the Armenian people. He sought to use his poetry to promote patriotic ideals and to advance the cause of the enlightenment and liberation of his nation. Like many other Armenian writers of his time, he believed in the social utility of literature and emphasized this over artistic form. Two of his poems which have enjoyed lasting popularity are "
93:
298:
247:, Poems of Gamar Katipa) in 1864 to widespread acclaim. This was followed by a pause in his literary career, but by then he was already a well-known author. He moved back to Nakhichevan-on-Don in 1866 and dedicated himself to writing and pedagogy, working as a teacher at the local parish school. In 1879, he helped found a vocational school for impoverished children. He served as its director until his death in 1892.
290:" (The death of Vardan Mamikonian), both written on patriotic themes. The first poem is a dialogue between the poet and the river, personified as the mother of the Armenian people who is lamenting the suffering of her children. In Kevork Bardakjian's view, the poem achieves an "intimate dynamism" and combines feelings of grief and loss with an unsaid optimism. The second work is an epic poem has the fifth-century
234:
as a penname. The group published its first pamphlet in 1855. Their literary philosophy was expressed in the motto "Write as you speak; speak as you write." By 1857, the group had published four more pamphlets, most of them authored by
Patkanian. He published works in several periodicals starting in
366:
also valued
Patkanian's poetry, seeing its main strength in its "intense patriotism, unfailing dedication to native people, which is expressed not only through odes, but also through bitter satire." In Bardakjian's view, "lthough too many of poems read like rhymed speeches, his sincere and
345:
Patkanian's poetry made him one of the leading
Armenian poets for several decades. His poems were often set to music and were particularly popular among the Armenian youth of his time. Shirvanzade described him as "the sole popularized Armenian lyrical poet of his time," noting that his
1174:
331:, he called on Armenians to engage in self-defense. His poems written after the Russo-Turkish War reflect the disappointment that dominated among Armenians, as the goal of achieving reforms in Ottoman Armenia now seemed impossible. In his poem "
646:
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358:" were sung and recited "on stages, in homes and everywhere that there was a handful of Armenians." Some even dubbed him "the poet of all Armenians," an epithet that was later more famously attributed to
226:, which was founded and edited by his father. While he was in Moscow, he formed a literary club with two fellow students, Gevorg Kananian and Minas (or Mnatsakan) Timurian, which they named
367:
emotional patriotic appeal resonated with the prevailing mood." Meri
Saghian calls him "one of the founders of Armenian civic poetry" (poetry that deals with social and political issues).
294:
between the
Armenians and the Persians as its subject. The section of the poem "Vardan's Song," which calls on Armenians to rise up against their oppressors, is particularly popular.
31:
381:
This is a selection of
Patkanian's works, including all of the collections of poetry published in his lifetime and a list of his works which have been translated into English.
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Patkanian wrote poetry, as well as novels, short stories, memoirs, textbooks, and children's songs and poems. His poems are mostly written in the vernacular language. Like
178:
167:
173:
162:
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183:, was a clergyman, author and social activist. He had an older brother, Hovhannes, who became a painter. He was the first cousin of scholar
230:, an acronym formed from the first letters of their given names and the first syllables of their surnames. Patkanian later adopted
192:
1268:
1170:
133:), was a nineteenth-century Russian Armenian writer and educator. He was born into a noted family of Armenian intellectuals in
942:
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137:
and began writing in his student years. He gained popularity for his poetry, much of which is written on patriotic themes.
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191:, another future writer. After some time living with and being taught by his uncle Petros in Stavropol, he attended the
1253:
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878:
819:
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Bogdan
Atanesyan (director); Hovhannes Yeranyan (screenwriter) et al. (2013). "Mer metserě: Rafayel Patkanyan"
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as conditions for
Armenians in the Ottoman Empire worsened. Like his predecessors Khachatur Abovian and
507:
187:. He began his education in the private school founded by his father, where one of his classmates was
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415:
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407:
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1200:
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315:. He was one of the first Armenian authors to highlight the suffering of the Ottoman Armenians in
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984:] (in Russian). Vol. 13. Saint Petersburg: Tip. I. N. Skorokhodova. pp. 369–371.
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1064:
637:
251:
807:
The
Heritage of Armenian Literature, Volume III: From the Eighteenth Century to Modern Times
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8:
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801:
458:]. Tiflis: Tparan Hambardzumay Ēnfiacheantsʻ ew ěnk. "Pʻordz" azgayin handisi hrat.
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324:
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241:, which ceased publication after one year. He published his first collection of poems (
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582:(Story, orig. date 1875; translated from the Nakhichevan dialect by Stepan Lisitsian.
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865:(1997). "Modern Armenian Literature and Intellectual History from 1700 to 1915". In
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259:
216:
200:
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255:
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Saghian, M. (1983). "Patkanyan Rapʻayel
Gabrieli". In Arzumanian, Makich (ed.).
862:
363:
158:
54:
838:
A History of Armenian Literature: From Ancient Times to the Nineteenth Century
1222:
311:(Free songs, 1878), was written in reaction to Ottoman atrocities during the
154:
893:
See, for example, this episode in which both pronunciations can be heard:
320:
1080:] (in Armenian). Vol. 8. Erevan: Haypethrat. pp. 184–186.
804:; Basmajian, Gabriel; Franchuk, Edward S.; Ouzounian, Nourhan (2005).
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before him, he promoted the use of vernacular Armenian (as opposed to
92:
215:(1855–60), finally graduating from the latter, having specialized in
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800:
196:
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Arnot, Robert. "Sweet Lady, Whence the Sadness in your Face?".
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30:
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in Moscow from 1843 to 1849. Before graduating, he moved to
393:
Gamaṛ-Kʻatʻipayi ardzak ew chʻapaberakan ashkhatutʻiwnnerě
1023:
A Reference Guide to Modern Armenian Literature 1500-1920
199:
with his father, who had been appointed principal of the
161:, into a noted family of intellectuals. His grandfather,
926:
History of modern Armenian literature: Educational guide
1025:. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. 460.
557:]. Nakhichevan-on-Don: Tparan Serovbē Awageantsʻi.
920:Հայ նոր գրականության պատմություն․ Ուսումնական ձեռնարկ
481:]. Rostov-on-Don: Tparan Yovhannu Tēr-Abrahamean.
123:
26 August] 1892), also known by the penname
873:. Vol. 2. Basingstoke: Macmillan. p. 162.
203:. He continued his education at the universities of
917:
Hay nor grakanutʻyan patmutʻyun: Usumnakan dzeṛnark
222:Patkanian published his first poems in the weekly
119:8 November] 1830 – 7 September [
727:, his given name is sometimes pronounced with an
1220:
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1125:
1123:
871:The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times
643:. Boston: Robert Chambers. pp. 66–94, 250.
602:. New York: Colonial Press. pp. 48, 49–54.
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903:(in Armenian). 1:15, 1:34 minutes in. AR TV.
716:. Though spelled in Armenian with the letter
506:Published under the pseudonym Gamar-Katipa. (
460:Published under the pseudonym Gamar-Katipa. (
437:Published under the pseudonym Gamar-Katipa. (
765:) is a play on the title of the head of the
590:
435:]. Moscow: Tparan Lazareantsʻ chemarani.
301:A photograph of Patkanian in his later years
145:Patkanian was born on 20 November [
1212:on the Armenian Book online catalog of the
1063:
834:
235:1860. In 1863, he founded his own journal,
172:, was a poet and educator, and his father,
1169:] (in Armenian). Vol. 9. Erevan:
1096:
1020:
29:
935:Yerevan State University Publishing House
855:
534:]. Tiflis: Tparan Y. Martiroseantsʻi.
504:]. Tiflis: Tparan Y. Martiroseantsʻi.
966:
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796:
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750:after the Western Armenian pronunciation
483:Published under the pseudonym Siwliwk. (
401:Gamar-Katipa's prose and versified works
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627:Blackwell, A. "Let the Wind Blow".
580:]. Tiflis: Hasker amsagri hrat.
13:
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1008:Hacikyan et al. 2005, pp. 316–317.
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284:" (The tears of the Araxes) and "
250:Patkanian's younger contemporary
427:Գամառ-Քաթիպայի բանաստեղծութիւնքը
396:Գամառ-Քաթիպայի բանաստեղծութիւնքը
305:His second collection of poems,
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1162:Հայկական սովետական հանրագիտարան
1159:Haykakan sovetakan hanragitaran
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988:
982:Russian Biographical Dictionary
974:Russkīi bīograficheskīi slovarʹ
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1021:Bardakjian, Kevork B. (2000).
977:Русскій бiографическій словарь
951:
907:
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841:. Caravan Books. p. 357.
740:
689:
613:Boyajian, Z. "Leretz amberi".
377:Raphael Patkanian bibliography
354:
348:
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313:Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878
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280:
1:
1269:Poets from the Russian Empire
1143:Hacikyan et al. 2005, p. 317.
1093:Hacikyan et al. 2005, p. 318.
971:. In Polovtsov, A. A. (ed.).
897:Մեր Մեծերը․ Ռաֆայել Պատկանյան
835:Hairapetian, Srbouhi (1995).
780:
149:8 November] 1830 in
1167:Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia
1117:Bardakjian 2000, p. 140–141.
969:"Patkanov, Keropė Petrovich"
933:(in Armenian). Vol. 1.
812:Wayne State University Press
340:
140:
7:
1249:19th-century Armenian poets
1214:National Library of Armenia
1187:Muradyan 2021, pp. 303–304.
957:Muradyan 2021, pp. 304–305.
771:Catholicos of All Armenians
762:amenayn hayots’ banasteghts
761:
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1210:Works by Raphael Patkanian
1201:Poems by Raphael Patkanian
478:Lyre of Nakhichevan-on-Don
374:
1254:19th-century male writers
914:Muradyan, Samvel (2021).
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100:graves in Nor Nakhijevan
867:Hovannisian, Richard G.
664:"The Tears of Araxes".
287:Vardan Mamikoneani mahë
265:
96:Patkanian's (left) and
994:Muradyan 2021, p. 305.
967:Tigranov, Gr. (1902).
731:sound in place of the
302:
101:
1203:on ArmenianHouse.org
1105:Oshagan 1997, p. 163.
810:. Detroit, Michigan:
531:Lady and servant girl
470:Nor Nakhijewani kʻnar
385:Collections of poetry
300:
95:
696:Reformed orthography
515:Stories and novellas
432:Gamar-Katipa's poems
98:Mikayel Nalbandian's
1244:Armenian male poets
802:Hacikyan, Agop Jack
600:Armenian Literature
473:Նոր Նախիջեւանի քնար
362:. The Russian poet
355:Boghok’ ar’ Yevropa
334:Boghok’ ar’ Yevropa
1259:Armenian activists
1069:Erkeri zhoghovatsu
360:Hovhannes Tumanyan
327:and his successor
325:Mikayel Nalbandian
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276:Classical Armenian
189:Mikayel Nalbandian
151:Nakhichevan-on-Don
135:Nakhichevan-on-Don
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51:Nakhichevan-on-Don
944:978-5-8084-2500-2
848:978-0-88206-059-0
701:Ռափայել Պատկանյան
523:Tikin ew nazhisht
349:Arak’si artasuk’ë
292:Battle of Avarayr
281:Arak’si artasuk’ë
272:Khachatur Abovian
211:(1852–1854), and
193:Lazarev Institute
185:Kerovbe Patkanian
163:Serovbe Patkanian
113:Ռափայէլ Պատկանեան
105:Raphael Patkanian
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645:(Anthology.
640:
628:
618:
614:
604:(Anthology.
599:
578:
575:
568:
555:
552:
549:Շատերէն մեկը
545:
532:
529:
522:
502:
499:
492:
479:
476:
469:
456:
453:
446:
433:
430:
423:
402:
399:
392:
390:(1855–1857)
380:
344:
304:
269:
249:
232:Gamar Katipa
231:
228:Gamar Katipa
227:
223:
221:
153:(now within
144:
130:Գամառ Քաթիպա
125:Gamar Katipa
124:
104:
103:
78:Gamar Katipa
66:(1892-09-07)
1234:1892 deaths
1229:1830 births
1173:. pp.
1065:Shirvanzade
901:Mer metserě
676:Read online
658:(1): 11–12.
647:Read online
606:Read online
584:Read online
561:Read online
538:Read online
508:Read online
485:Read online
462:Read online
439:Read online
308:Azat yerger
252:Shirvanzade
207:(1851–52),
177: [
166: [
1223:Categories
781:References
631:(11): 173.
536:(Novella.
455:Free songs
450:Ազատ երգեր
447:Azat erger
83:Occupation
44:1830-11-20
666:Shoghagat
341:Reception
141:Biography
1067:(1961).
559:(Story.
109:Armenian
75:Pen name
869:(ed.).
710:Rapayel
706:Rafayel
662:(1961)
652:(1929)
635:(1917)
625:(1916)
615:Armenia
611:(1913)
596:(1901)
569:Chʻakhu
566:(1909)
543:(1905)
520:(1884)
490:(1880)
467:(1879)
444:(1878)
421:(1864)
352:" and "
174:Gabriel
1029:
941:
929:]
877:
845:
818:
769:, the
714:Rafael
621:: 294.
238:Hyusis
224:Ararat
209:Moscow
205:Dorpat
197:Tiflis
159:Russia
86:writer
1177:-152.
1165:[
1074:[
980:[
931:(PDF)
923:[
683:Notes
577:Knife
574:[
572:Չախու
551:[
528:[
498:[
475:[
452:[
429:[
418:, 5).
398:[
329:Raffi
260:Raffi
181:]
170:]
1027:ISBN
939:ISBN
875:ISBN
843:ISBN
816:ISBN
319:and
266:Work
258:and
147:O.S.
121:O.S.
117:O.S.
61:Died
38:Born
1175:151
321:Van
317:Muş
262:.
157:),
1225::
1148:^
1136:^
1122:^
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1086:^
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