99:. A possibly relevant reference to a John Crane being in breach of Company ordinances in January 1568 appears in Clode's Memorials. The current ODNB states there is no record of a Ralph Crane among attendees of the Merchant Taylors School, a benefit for Freemen's sons. Ralph Crane spent seven years as the law clerk to Sir Anthony Ashley (d:1601), secretary of the
196:) have been proposed by individual scholars, though without winning wide acceptance. As a result, Crane's scribal peculiarities concerning stage directions, speech prefixes, punctuation and other specifics have received intense attention from generations of scholars, critics, and editors of Shakespeare.
127:
by 1618; he produced multiple transcripts of the company's plays over the next decade and more. The modern scholarly consensus holds that Crane transcripts constituted the copy from which at least five plays were set into type for the First Folio. Those five (in their Folio order) are:
286:
are from Crane's hand. (Crane consistently changed all of
Middleton's uses of "has" to "hath" in those transcripts, illustrating the complexities involved in using discriminators like "has/hath" and "does/doth" in
298:
never printed in its own era, survived to modern times in a single Crane manuscript. (In that instance, Crane did a good job of preserving
Fletcher's distinctive pattern of textual and stylistic preferences.)
302:
Crane regularly produced what were called presentation manuscripts, copies of favored works for particular clients. On
November 27, 1625 he sent his transcript of
276:
None of Crane's
Shakespearean manuscripts have survived, but Crane scripts of several other works are extant, in addition to the one for
115:; this may have been the poet/scrivener. Crane turned to writing verse late in life, when he was "oppressed by ill health and poverty".
204:
Crane's work for the King's Men was not restricted to
Shakespeare (or even to plays, as he copied out the last will and testament of
95:. In the prefatory "Proem" to that volume, Crane indicated that he was a native Londoner, and the son of a successful member of the
334:
469:
96:
474:
92:
100:
456:
Clode, C.M. Memorials of the Guild of
Merchant Taylors, London, 1875, note p. 217.(J.Crane apprenticed a foreigner)
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328:
293:
227:
141:
303:
149:
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353:
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208:). The most notable of his other transcripts for the company may well be his manuscript of
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8:
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321:
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84:
216:
210:
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282:
205:
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known as the
Chatsworth manuscript, was a Crane presentation manuscript for Sir
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should be added as a sixth play to that list; and a few other Folio texts (from
435:
Charlottesville, VA, Bibliographic
Society of the University of Virginia, 1972.
463:
236:
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264:
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in early seventeenth-century London. His close connection with some of the
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68:
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260:
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What little is known of Crane's life comes from his own writings. In
60:
221:
175:
55:
324:
64:
32:
449:
Wilson, F. P. "Ralph Crane, Scrivener to the King's
Players."
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noted above. Two of the six extant manuscripts of
Middleton's
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was "almost certainly" set into type from a Crane transcript.
103:; Crane later became a scribe working mainly for attorneys.
75:
has led to his being called "Shakespeare's first editor."
226:
Crane transcripts provided copy for several plays in the
87:
he published a small collection of his own poems titled
433:
Ralph Crane and Some Shakespeare First Folio Comedies.
404:
Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1997; p. 30.
424:Haas, Michael A. "Ralph Crane: a status report."
89:The Works of Mercy, Both Corporeal and Spiritual,
461:
356:, "Shakespeare's Earliest Editor, Ralph Crane,"
417:Haas, Virginia "Ralph Crane: a status report."
438:Roberts, Jeanne. "Ralph Crane and the Text of
219:play that has a significant relationship with
382:Vol. XIII; London, Smith, Elder, 1888; p. 11.
426:Analytical and Enumerative Bibliography.
419:Analytical and Enumerative Bibliography.
97:Merchant Taylors Company (a ' Freeman.')
462:
391:Arden Shakespeare, Third Series; 1993.
173:E. A. J. Honigmann, in his edition of
59:1615 – 1630) was a professional
380:The Dictionary of National Biography,
93:John Egerton, 1st Earl of Bridgewater
137:– the first play in the volume
13:
14:
486:
228:first Beaumont and Fletcher folio
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385:
372:
363:
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1:
470:Early editions of Shakespeare
329:Pleasure Reconciled to Virtue
475:17th-century English writers
294:Sir John van Olden Barnavelt
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316:. The extant manuscript of
169:– the fourteenth play
142:The Two Gentlemen of Verona
10:
491:
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369:Memorials,1875, note p,217
150:The Merry Wives of Windsor
123:Crane was working for the
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40:
27:
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400:John Russell Brown, ed,
340:
309:The Humorous Lieutenant
161:– the fourth play
145:– the second play
78:
428:New series III (1989).
421:New series III (1989).
153:– the third play
109:Scylla's Metamorphosis
91:which he dedicated to
71:texts of the plays of
402:The Duchess of Malfi,
378:Leslie Stephen, ed.,
270:The Duchess of Malfi
111:to a Ralph Crane in
444:Shakespeare Studies
431:Howard-Hill, T. H.
291:studies.) The play
241:The Knight of Malta
158:Measure for Measure
73:William Shakespeare
358:Shakespeare Survey
252:The Spanish Curate
354:T. H. Howard-Hill
166:The Winter's Tale
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47:
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217:Thomas Middleton
187:Henry IV, Part 2
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335:Dudley Carleton
304:John Fletcher's
283:A Game at Chess
206:Richard Burbage
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193:Timon of Athens
180:suggested that
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81:
36:
23:
12:
11:
5:
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245:The Prophetess
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107:obligated his
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453:IV, 7 (1926).
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237:The False One
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101:Privy Council
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451:The Library,
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314:Kenelm Digby
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265:John Webster
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105:Thomas Lodge
88:
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54:
50:
49:
15:
440:The Tempest
134:The Tempest
119:Shakespeare
69:First Folio
51:Ralph Crane
22:Ralph Crane
464:Categories
446:13 (1980).
360:44 (1992).
318:Ben Jonson
289:stylometry
125:King's Men
41:Occupation
278:The Witch
211:The Witch
61:scrivener
35:, England
412:Sources
312:to Sir
222:Macbeth
182:Othello
176:Othello
325:masque
261:quarto
200:Others
65:scribe
44:Scribe
33:London
341:Notes
306:play
322:1618
258:1623
256:The
249:and
232:1647
215:the
113:1589
85:1621
79:Life
28:Born
442:."
320:'s
267:'s
263:of
230:of
190:to
63:or
56:fl.
466::
337:.
243:,
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331:,
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254:.
247:,
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213:,
178:,
53:(
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