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conclusion in this regard was made by a 2002 study of homicide offenders, which reported that the homicides committed by homicidal offenders with psychopathy were almost always (93.3%) primarily instrumental, significantly more than the proportion (48.4%) of those committed by non-psychopathic homicidal offenders, with the instrumentality of the homicide also correlated with the total PCL-R score of the offender as well as their scores on the Factor 1 "interpersonal-affective" dimension. However, contrary to the equating of this to mean exclusively "in cold blood", more than a third of the homicides committed by psychopathic offenders involved some component of emotional reactivity as well. In any case, FBI profilers indicate that serious victim injury is generally an emotional offense, and some research supports this, at least with regard to sexual offending. One study has found more serious offending by non-psychopathic offenders on average than by offenders with psychopathy (e.g. more homicides versus more armed robbery and property offenses) and another that the
Affective facet of the PCL-R predicted reduced offense seriousness.
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This small to moderate effect appears to be due largely to the scale items that assess impulsive behaviors and past criminal history, which are well-established but very general risk factors. The aspects of core personality often held to be distinctively psychopathic generally show little or no predictive link to crime by themselves. For example, Factor 1 of the PCL-R and
Fearless dominance of the PPI-R have smaller or no relationship to crime, including violent crime. In contrast, Factor 2 and Impulsive antisociality of the PPI-R are associated more strongly with criminality. Factor 2 has a relationship of similar strength to that of the PCL-R as a whole. The antisocial facet of the PCL-R is still predictive of future violence after controlling for past criminal behavior which, together with results regarding the PPI-R which by design does not include past criminal behavior, suggests that impulsive behaviors is an independent risk factor. Thus, the concept of psychopathy may perform poorly when attempted to be used as a general theory of crime.
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Some studies have found that high testosterone levels are associated with antisocial and aggressive behaviors, yet other research suggests that testosterone alone does not cause aggression but increases dominance-seeking. It is unclear from studies if psychopathy correlates with high testosterone levels, but a few studies have found that disruption of serotonin neurotransmission disrupts cortisol reactivity to a stress-inducing speech task. Thus, dysregulation of serotonin in the brain may contribute to the low cortisol levels observed in psychopathy. Cortisol increases withdrawal behavior and sensitivity to punishment and aversive conditioning, which are abnormally low in individuals with psychopathy and may underlie their impaired aversion learning and disinhibited behavior. High testosterone levels combined with low serotonin levels are associated with "impulsive and highly negative reactions", and may increase violent aggression when an individual is provoked or becomes frustrated. Several animal studies note the role of
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those referred to as the "emotional components", or interpersonal-affective traits, of psychopathy. Factors such as boldness, disinhibition, and meanness as defined in the triarchic model, in combination with other advantages such as a favorable upbringing and high intelligence, are thought to correlate with stress immunity and stability, and may contribute to this particular expression. Such individuals are sometimes referred to as "successful psychopaths" or "corporate psychopaths" and they may not always have extensive histories of traditional criminal or antisocial behavior characteristic of the traditional conceptualization of psychopathy. Robert Hare claims that the prevalence of psychopathic traits is higher in the business world than in the general population, reporting that while about 1% of the general population meet the clinical criteria for psychopathy, figures of around 3–4% have been cited for more senior positions in business. Hare considers newspaper tycoon
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pattern of results across studies indicates that people diagnosed with psychopathy demonstrate reduced MRI, fMRI, aMRI, PET, and SPECT activity in areas of the brain. Research has also shown that an approximate 18% smaller amygdala size contributes to a significantly lower emotional sensation in regards to fear, sadness, amongst other negative emotions, which may likely be the reason as to why psychopathic individuals have lower empathy. Some recent fMRI studies have reported that emotion perception deficits in psychopathy are pervasive across emotions (positives and negatives). Studies on children with psychopathic tendencies have also shown such associations. Meta-analyses have also found evidence of impairments in both vocal and facial emotional recognition for several emotions (i.e., not only fear and sadness) in both adults and children/adolescents.
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programs in correctional settings. It has been suggested that the treatments that may be most likely to be effective at reducing overt antisocial and criminal behavior are those that focus on self-interest, emphasizing the tangible, material value of prosocial behavior, with interventions that develop skills to obtain what the patient wants out of life in prosocial rather than antisocial ways. To this end, various therapies have been tried with the aim of reducing the criminal activity of incarcerated offenders with psychopathy, with mixed success. As psychopathic individuals are insensitive to sanction, reward-based management, in which small privileges are granted in exchange for good behavior, has been suggested and used to manage their behavior in institutional settings.
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component (including features such as lack of remorse or guilt, shallow affect, lack of empathy and failure to accept responsibility for one's actions) and lower scores on the other components than did a comparison group of the hospital's patients without
Asperger syndrome. (...) In Sweden, however, Nilsson and Soderstrom et al (2005) found that the total PCL–R scores, as well as scores on the 'unemotionality' and 'behavioural dyscontrol' factors, were significantly correlated with high-functioning autistic traits. The 'interpersonal' factor of the PCL–R showed none of these correlations, leading the authors to conclude that scores on this factor may capture features that are specific to psychopathy, distinguishing core psychopathy from other diagnostic definitions.
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with an accuracy similar to the PCL-R and some of these are considerably easier, quicker, and less expensive to administer. This may even be done automatically by a computer simply based on data such as age, gender, number of previous convictions and age of first conviction. Some of these assessments may also identify treatment change and goals, identify quick changes that may help short-term management, identify more specific kinds of violence that may be at risk, and may have established specific probabilities of offending for specific scores. Nonetheless, the PCL-R may continue to be popular for risk assessment because of its pioneering role and the large amount of research done using it.
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contribute to the scoring of the Facet 1 (interpersonal) items, mainly through self-assurance, unrealistic optimism, brazenness and imperturbability. Indeed, while self-report studies have been inconsistent using the two-factor model of the PCL-R, studies which separate Factor 1 into interpersonal and affective facets, more regularly show modest associations between Facet 1 and low anxiety, boldness and fearless dominance (especially items assessing glibness/charm and grandiosity). When both psychopathy and low anxiety/boldness are measured using interviews, both interpersonal and affective facets are both associated with fearlessness and lack of internalizing disorders.
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students) rather than prisoners, though may be used with the latter. It was revised in 2005 to become the PPI-R and now comprises 154 items organized into eight subscales. The item scores have been found to group into two overarching and largely separate factors (unlike the PCL-R factors), Fearless-Dominance and
Impulsive Antisociality, plus a third factor, Coldheartedness, which is largely dependent on scores on the other two. Factor 1 is associated with social efficacy while Factor 2 is associated with maladaptive tendencies. A person may score at different levels on the different factors, but the overall score indicates the extent of psychopathic personality.
1138:, and frontal-lobe dysfunction, which frequently results in underlying disorders being dismissed. Hare's conception of psychopathy has also been criticized for being reductionist, dismissive, tautological, and ignorant of context as well as the dynamic nature of human behavior. Some have called for rejection of the concept altogether, due to its vague, subjective and judgmental nature that makes it prone to misuse. A systematic review determined that the PCL is weakly predictive of criminal behavior, but not of lack of conscience, or treatment and rehabilitation outcomes. These findings contradict widespread beliefs amongst professionals in forensics.
2042:(such as the uncinate fasciculus). The evidence suggested that the degree of abnormality was significantly related to the degree of psychopathy and may explain the offending behaviors. Furthermore, changes in the amygdala have been associated with "callous-unemotional" traits in children. However, the amygdala has also been associated with positive emotions, and there have been inconsistent results in the studies in particular areas, which may be due to methodological issues. Others have cast doubt on the amygdala as important for psychopathy, with one meta-analysis suggesting that most studies on the amygdala and psychopathy find
1579:(since many of his patients were "well educated and from middle-class or upper-class backgrounds") and that "there is no obvious theoretical reason why the disorder described by Cleckley or other clinicians should be related to intelligence; some psychopaths are bright, others less so". Studies also indicate that different aspects of the definition of psychopathy (e.g. interpersonal, affective (emotion), behavioral and lifestyle components) can show different links to intelligence, and the result can depend on the type of intelligence assessment (e.g. verbal, creative, practical, analytical).
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by parents or teachers for individuals aged 6–13 years. High psychopathy scores for both juveniles (as measured with these instruments) and adults (as measured with the PCL-R and other measurement tools) have similar associations with other variables, including similar ability in predicting violence and criminality. Juvenile psychopathy may also be associated with more negative emotionality such as anger, hostility, anxiety, and depression. Psychopathic traits in youth typically comprise three factors: callous/unemotional, narcissism, and impulsivity/irresponsibility.
2549:. They may be used for risk assessment and for assessing treatment potential and be used as part of the decisions regarding bail, sentence, which prison to use, parole, and regarding whether a youth should be tried as a juvenile or as an adult. There have been several criticisms against its use in legal settings. They include the general criticisms against the PCL-R, the availability of other risk assessment tools which may have advantages, and the excessive pessimism surrounding the prognosis and treatment possibilities of those who are diagnosed with psychopathy.
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conduct disorder also have ADHD. Some evidence indicates that this group has deficits in behavioral inhibition, similar to that of adults with psychopathy. They may not be more likely than those with conduct disorder alone to have the interpersonal/affective features and the deficits in emotional processing characteristic of adults with psychopathy. Proponents of different types/dimensions of psychopathy have seen this type as possibly corresponding to adult secondary psychopathy and increased disinhibition in the triarchic model.
1954:, psychopathic individuals have also had difficulty switching from an ongoing action despite environmental cues signaling a need to do so. This may explain the difficulty responding to punishment, although it is unclear if it can explain findings such as deficient conditioning. There may be methodological issues regarding the research. While establishing a range of idiosyncrasies on average in linguistic and affective processing under certain conditions, this research program has not confirmed a common pathology of psychopathy.
1315:, which describes the emotional deficits and the callous and exploitative interpersonal style found in psychopathy. The prevalence of psychopathy among domestic abusers indicate that the core characteristics of psychopathy, such as callousness, remorselessness, and a lack of close interpersonal bonds, predispose those with psychopathy to committing domestic abuse, and suggest that the domestic abuses committed by these individuals are callously perpetrated (i.e. instrumentally aggressive) rather than a case of emotional
669:, though this usage is outdated in medicine and psychiatry. Psychopathy, however, is a highly popular construct in the psychology literature. Furthermore, the DSM-5 introduced the dimensional model of personality disorders in Section III, which includes a specifier for psychopathic traits. According to the DSM, psychopathy is not a standalone diagnosis, but the authors attempted to measure "psychopathic traits" via a specifier. In one study, the "Psychopathic Features Specifier" has been modeled on Factor 1 of the
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1644:—an absence of, indifference towards, or disregard for moral beliefs. There are few firm data on patterns of moral judgment. Studies of developmental level (sophistication) of moral reasoning found all possible results—lower, higher or the same as non-psychopaths. Studies that compared judgments of personal moral transgressions versus judgments of breaking conventional rules or laws found that psychopaths rated them as equally severe, whereas non-psychopaths rated the rule-breaking as less severe.
1963:
912:(a meaner, more aggressive and disinhibited conception explicitly entailing persistent and sometimes serious criminal behavior). The latter conceptualization is typically used as the modern clinical concept and assessed by the Psychopathy Checklist. The label "psychopath" may have implications and stigma related to decisions about punishment severity for criminal acts, medical treatment, civil commitments, etc. Efforts have therefore been made to clarify the meaning of the term.
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income, and coming from a disrupted family. Other significant factors included poor supervision, abuse, harsh discipline, large family size, delinquent sibling, young mother, depressed mother, low social class, and poor housing. There has also been association between psychopathy and detrimental treatment by peers. However, it is difficult to determine the extent of an environmental influence on the development of psychopathy because of evidence of its strong heritability.
1535:, including damage to these regions, with violent and psychopathic behavior. Patients with damage in such areas resembled "psychopathic individuals" whose brains were incapable of acquiring social and moral knowledge; those who acquired damage as children may have trouble conceptualizing social or moral reasoning, while those with adult-acquired damage may be aware of proper social and moral conduct but be unable to behave appropriately. Dysfunctions in the amygdala and
673:, known as Fearless Dominance. To some, it is evidence of psychopathy not being a more extreme version of ASPD, but as an emergent compound trait that manifests when Antisocial Personality Disorder is present in combination with high levels of Fearless Dominance (or Boldness as it's known in the Triarchic Model). Analyses showed that this Section III ASPD greatly outperformed Section II ASPD in predicting scores on Hare’s (2003) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised.
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Nonsense. To this writer's mind, psychopathy and its synonyms (e.g., sociopathy and antisocial personality) are lazy diagnoses. Over the years the authors' team has seen scores of offenders who, prior to evaluation by the authors, were dismissed as psychopaths or the like. Detailed, comprehensive psychiatric, neurological, and neuropsychological evaluations have uncovered a multitude of signs, symptoms, and behaviors indicative of such disorders as
1979:
tendencies stated, "With regard to psychopathy, we have clear indications regarding why the pathology gives rise to the emotional and behavioral disturbance and important insights into the neural systems implicated in this pathology". Dadds et al., remarks that despite a rapidly advancing neuroscience of empathy, little is known about the developmental underpinnings of the psychopathic disconnect between affective and cognitive empathy.
1178:, a clinical neuroscientist also at the University of Southern California, one of this study's implications is that society may have to rethink how it judges immoral people: "Psychopaths often feel no empathy or remorse. Without that awareness, people relying exclusively on reasoning seem to find it harder to sort their way through moral thickets. Does that mean they should be held to different standards of accountability?"
2120:, may interact with other serotoninergic genes to create a hyper-regulation and dampening of affective processes that results in psychopathy's emotional impairments. Furthermore, the combination of the 5-HTTLPR long allele and high testosterone levels has been found to result in a reduced response to threat as measured by cortisol reactivity, which mirrors the fear deficits found in those with psychopathy.
1651:) amount of welfare found no significant differences between subjects high and low in psychopathy. However, a further study using the same tests found that prisoners scoring high on the PCL were more likely to endorse impersonal harm or rule violations than non-psychopathic controls were. The psychopathic offenders who scored low in anxiety were also more willing to endorse personal harm on average.
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prevalence of 0.6% scoring 13 or more. However, if the scoring was adjusted to the recommended 18 or more, this would have left the prevalence closer to 0.1%. The scores correlated with younger age, male gender, suicide attempts, violence, imprisonment, homelessness, drug dependence, personality disorders (histrionic, borderline and antisocial), and panic and obsessive–compulsive disorders.
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from psychopathy, for example". Psychopathy and machiavellianism were also correlated similarly in responses to affective stimuli, and both are negatively correlated with recognition of facial emotions. Many have suggested merging the dark triad traits (especially
Machiavellianism and psychopathy) into one construct, given empirical studies which show immense overlap.
968:. Lacking empathy and close attachments with others, disdain of close attachments, use of cruelty to gain empowerment, exploitative tendencies, defiance of authority, and destructive excitement seeking. The PCL-R in general is related to this but in particular some elements in Factor 1. Similar to PPI, but also includes elements of subscales in impulsive antisociality.
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mid-adolescence to adulthood. In one study most of the similarities were on the
Impulsive- and Antisocial-Behavior scales. Of those adolescents who scored in the top 5% highest psychopathy scores at age 13, less than one third (29%) were classified as psychopathic at age 24. Some recent studies have also found poorer ability at predicting long-term, adult offending.
1016:). They suggest that while for legal or other practical purposes an arbitrary cut-off point on trait scores might be used, there is actually no clear scientific evidence for an objective point of difference by which to label some people "psychopaths"; in other words, a "psychopath" may be more accurately described as someone who is "relatively psychopathic".
996:, may underlie PCL-R psychopathy, allowing it to be measured and analyzed. However, this was only found for the behavioral Factor 2 items they identified, child problem behaviors; adult criminal behavior did not support the existence of a taxon. Marcus, John, and Edens more recently performed a series of statistical analyses on
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DSM allows differentiating between childhood onset before age 10 and adolescent onset at age 10 and later. Childhood onset is argued to be more due to a personality disorder caused by neurological deficits interacting with an adverse environment. For many, but not all, childhood onset is associated with what is in
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However, psychologists
Fritzon and Board, in their study comparing the incidence of personality disorders in business executives against criminals detained in a mental hospital, found that the profiles of some senior business managers contained significant elements of personality disorders, including
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are ineffective at modifying the behavior of psychopathic individuals as they are insensitive to punishment or threat. These failures have led to a widely pessimistic view on its treatment prospects, a view that is exacerbated by the little research being done into psychopathy compared to the efforts
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It has been suggested that psychopathy may be comorbid with several other conditions than these, but limited work on comorbidity has been carried out. This may be partly due to difficulties in using inpatient groups from certain institutions to assess comorbidity, owing to the likelihood of some bias
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to affect the predictive ability of the PCL-R. Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are enzymes that are involved in the breakdown of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine and are, therefore, capable of influencing feelings, mood, and behavior in individuals. Findings suggest that further research is
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individuals, relative to the population of psychopathic individuals, to be exploited. It is also suggested that some traits associated with psychopathy such as early, promiscuous, adulterous, and coercive sexuality may increase reproductive success. Robert Hare has stated that many psychopathic males
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have also been observed in psychopathy. For example, psychopathic antisocial personality traits are more noticeable in males while histrionic personality traits are more evident in females. In addition, women are more likely to experience internalizing psychopathology than men and males may exhibit a
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to emotional stimuli, deficits in aversive conditioning, similar preferences in moral and economic decision making, and diminished empathy and social emotions like guilt or shame. These emotional and moral impairments may be especially severe when the brain injury occurs at a young age. Children with
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studies of the personality characteristics typical of individuals with psychopathy have found moderate genetic (as well as non-genetic) influences. On the PPI, fearless dominance and impulsive antisociality were similarly influenced by genetic factors and uncorrelated with each other. Genetic factors
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The PCL:YV is an adaptation of the PCL-R for individuals aged 13–18 years. It is, like the PCL-R, done by a trained rater based on an interview and an examination of criminal and other records. The "Antisocial
Process Screening Device" (APSD) is also an adaptation of the PCL-R. It can be administered
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Psychopaths are social predators who charm, manipulate, and ruthlessly plow their way through life, leaving a broad trail of broken hearts, shattered expectations, and empty wallets. Completely lacking in conscience and in feelings for others, they selfishly take what they want and do as they please,
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In the United
Kingdom, "psychopathic disorder" was legally defined in the Mental Health Act (UK), under MHA1983, as "a persistent disorder or disability of mind (whether or not including significant impairment of intelligence) which results in abnormally aggressive or seriously irresponsible conduct
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of the PCL-R can be high when used carefully in research but tend to be poor in applied settings. In particular Factor 1 items are somewhat subjective. In sexually violent predator cases the PCL-R scores given by prosecution experts were consistently higher than those given by defense experts in one
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may be effective in reducing various behavioral dysfunctions in a sample of high-security hospital inpatients with antisocial personality disorder and psychopathic traits. However, research into the pharmacological treatment of psychopathy and the related condition antisocial personality disorder is
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Although the core character deficits of highly psychopathic individuals are likely to be highly incorrigible to the currently available treatment methods, the antisocial and criminal behavior associated with it may be more amenable to management, the management of which being the main aim of therapy
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in terms of fearlessness, planning of acts, empathy deficits, callous behaviour, and sometimes superficial charisma. Studies investigating similarities and differences between psychopathy and autism indicate that autism and psychopathy are not part of the same construct. Rather both conditions might
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studies, experts are able to visualize specific brain differences and abnormalities of individuals with psychopathy in areas that control emotions, social interactions, ethics, morality, regret, impulsivity and conscience within the brain. Blair, a researcher who pioneered research into psychopathic
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Psychopathy is associated with several adverse life outcomes as well as increased risk of disability and death due to factors such as violence, accidents, homicides, and suicides. This, in combination with the evidence for genetic influences, is evolutionarily puzzling and may suggest that there are
1839:
Psychopathy is a personality disorder of affective, interpersonal, and behavioral dimensions that begins in childhood and manifests as aggressive actions in early or late adolescence. Childhood trauma affects vulnerability to different forms of psychopathology and traits associated with it. Parental
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may be associated with life-course-persistent antisocial behaviors as well as psychopathy. There is evidence that this combination is more aggressive and antisocial than those with conduct disorder alone. However, it is not a particularly distinct group since the vast majority of young children with
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Conduct disorder is diagnosed based on a prolonged pattern of antisocial behavior in childhood and/or adolescence, and may be seen as a precursor to ASPD. Some researchers have speculated that there are two subtypes of conduct disorder which mark dual developmental pathways to adult psychopathy. The
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violence. In addition, studies conducted by the authors or translators of violence prediction measures, including the PCL, show on average more positive results than those conducted by more independent investigators. There are several other risk assessment instruments which can predict further crime
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with institutional misbehavior, postrelease crime, or postrelease violent crime with similar effects for the three outcomes. Individual studies give similar results for adult offenders, forensic psychiatric samples, community samples, and youth. The PCL-R is poorer at predicting sexual re-offending.
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is preferred by those who believe that there are psychological, biological, and genetic factors involved in addition to environmental factors. Hare also provides his own definitions: he describes psychopathy as lacking a sense of empathy or morality, but sociopathy as only differing from the average
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Psychopathy has a much higher prevalence in the convicted and incarcerated population, where it is thought that an estimated 15–25% of prisoners qualify for the diagnosis. A study on a sample of inmates in the UK found that 7.7% of the inmates interviewed met the PCL-R cut-off of 30 for a diagnosis
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metabolite). Studies have found that individuals with the traits meeting criteria for psychopathy show a greater dopamine response to potential "rewards" such as monetary promises or taking drugs such as amphetamines. This has been theoretically linked to increased impulsivity. A 2010 British study
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Considerable research has documented the presence of the two subtypes of primary and secondary psychopathy. Proponents of the primary-secondary psychopathy distinction and triarchic model argue that there are neurological differences between these subgroups of psychopathy which support their views.
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lack the ability to empathically feel their way to moral answers, and that when confronted with moral dilemmas, these brain-damaged patients coldly came up with "end-justifies-the-means" answers, leading
Damasio to conclude that the point was not that they reached immoral conclusions, but that when
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Nioche A, Pham T, Ducro C, De Beaurepaire C, Chudzik L, Courtois R, Réveillère C (2010). "Psychopathie et troubles de la personnalité associés: Recherche d'un effet particulier au trouble borderline ?" [Psychopathy and associated personality disorders: Searching for a particular effect of
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Starting in the 1930s, before some modern concepts of psychopathy were developed, "sexual psychopath" laws, the term referring broadly to mental illness, were introduced by some states, and by the mid-1960s more than half of the states had such laws. Sexual offenses were considered to be caused by
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pattern. Studies on this have shown mixed results. PCL-R scores may be somewhat less predictive of violence and recidivism in women. On the other hand, psychopathy may have a stronger relationship with suicide and possibly internalizing symptoms in women. A suggestion is that psychopathy manifests
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The TriPM includes various components of other measures for assessing psychopathy, including meanness and disinhibition patterns within the psychopathic personality. However, there are differing approaches in the measurement of the boldness construct. The boldness construct is used to highlighting
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Criticism includes that it may be better to look at the contributing personality factors rather than treat psychopathy as a unitary concept due to poor testability. Furthermore, if psychopathy is caused by the combined effects of a very large number of adverse mutations then each mutation may have
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The importance of low anxiety/fearlessness to psychopathy has historically been underscored through behavioral and physiological studies showing diminished responses to threatening stimuli (interpersonal and affective facets both contributing). However, it is not known whether this is reflected in
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In the UK, Murphy (2007) found that none of the patients with Asperger syndrome at Broadmoor Hospital received an overall score on the PCL–R above the cut-off for psychopathy. Interestingly, in the different domains of the PCL–R these individuals frequently received higher scores on the affective
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Results indicated that primary psychopathy and Machiavellianism were positively associated with the experience of positive affect from sad stimuli, while secondary psychopathy and Machiavellianism were positively associated with the experience of negative affect in response to neutral stimuli"---
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rates, though it is noted that one of the frequently cited studies finding increased criminal recidivism after treatment, a 2011 retrospective study of a treatment program in the 1960s, had several serious methodological problems and likely would not be approved of today. However, some relatively
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Starting in 1970, many of these laws were modified or abolished in favor of more traditional responses such as imprisonment due to criticism of the "sexual psychopath" concept as lacking scientific evidence, the treatment being ineffective, and predictions of future offending being dubious. There
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Studies have also found that women in prison score significantly lower on psychopathy than men, with one study reporting only 11 percent of violent females in prison met the psychopathy criteria in comparison to 31 percent of violent males. Other studies have also indicated that high psychopathic
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The Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, otherwise known as the TriPM, is a 58-item, self-report assessment that measures psychopathy within the three traits identified in the triarchic model: boldness, meanness and disinhibition. Each trait is measured on separate subscales and added up resulting in a
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have been theorized as contributing factors. Testosterone is "associated with approach-related behavior, reward sensitivity, and fear reduction", and injecting testosterone "shift the balance from punishment to reward sensitivity", decreases fearfulness, and increases "responding to angry faces".
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across multiple settings and relationships. The specifier is based on research which suggests that those with conduct disorder who also meet criteria for the specifier tend to have a more severe form of the disorder with an earlier onset as well as a different response to treatment. Proponents of
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into homes with a non-offending parent and children, it has been advised that any sex offender with a significant criminal history should be assessed on the PCL-R, and if they score 18 or higher, then they should be excluded from any consideration of being placed in a home with children under any
1382:, psychopathy was associated with more offences. A study on the relationship between psychopathy scores and types of aggression in a sample of sexual murderers, in which 84.2% of the sample had PCL-R scores above 20 and 47.4% above 30, found that 82.4% of those with scores above 30 had engaged in
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In terms of simple correlations, the PCL-R manual states an average score of 22.1 has been found in North American prisoner samples, and that 20.5% scored 30 or higher. An analysis of prisoner samples from outside North America found a somewhat lower average value of 17.5. Studies have found that
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has asserted that the difference that most miss is that while both are characterized by manipulativeness and unemotionality, psychopaths tend to be more reckless. One study asserted that "the ability to adapt, reappraise and reassess a situation may be key factors differentiating Machiavellianism
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Research on psychopathy has largely been done on men and the PCL-R was developed using mainly male criminal samples, raising the question of how well the results apply to women. Men score higher than women on both the PCL-R and the PPI and on both of their main scales. The differences tend to be
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studies have identified potential genetic and non-genetic contributors to psychopathy, including influences on brain function. Proponents of the triarchic model believe that psychopathy results from the interaction of genetic predispositions and an adverse environment. What is adverse may differ
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regions. The underlying biological surfaces for processing expressions of happiness are functionally intact in psychopaths, although less responsive than those of controls. The neuroimaging literature is unclear as to whether deficits are specific to particular emotions such as fear. The overall
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hospital in Georgia to provide a description for psychopathy. Cleckley used the metaphor of the "mask" to refer to the tendency of psychopaths to appear confident, personable, and well-adjusted compared to most psychiatric patients, while revealing underlying pathology through their actions over
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study of how individuals with psychopathy respond to emotional words, widespread differences in activation patterns have been shown across the temporal lobe when psychopathic criminals were compared to "normal" volunteers, which is consistent with views in clinical psychology. Additionally, the
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A study by Farrington of a sample of London males followed between age 8 and 48 included studying which factors scored 10 or more on the PCL:SV at age 48. The strongest factors included having a convicted parent, being physically neglected, low involvement of the father with the boy, low family
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The concept and subsequent reification of the diagnosis "psychopathy" has, to this author's mind, hampered the understanding of criminality and violence. According to Hare, in many cases one need not even meet the patient. Just rummage through his records to determine what items seemed to fit.
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to staff above their level in the workplace hierarchy, aiding their ascent through the organization, but abusive to staff below their level, and can do enormous damage when they are positioned in senior management roles. Psychopathy as measured by the PCL-R is associated with lower performance
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There is limited research on psychopathy in the general work populace, in part because the PCL-R includes antisocial behavior as a significant core factor (obtaining a PCL-R score above the threshold is unlikely without having significant scores on the antisocial-lifestyle factor) and does not
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A 2008 study using the PCL:SV found that 1.2% of a US sample scored 13 or more out of 24, indicating "potential psychopathy". The scores correlated significantly with violence, alcohol use, and lower intelligence. A 2009 British study by Coid et al., also using the PCL:SV, reported a community
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Unlike the PCL, the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) was developed to comprehensively index personality traits without explicitly referring to antisocial or criminal behaviors themselves. It is a self-report scale that was developed originally for non-clinical samples (e.g. university
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in adulthood remains an active research question. According to Hervey M. Cleckley, a psychopathic person is someone who is able to imitate a normal functioning person, while masking or concealing their lack of internal personality structure. This results in an internal disorder with recurrent
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There is positive correlation between early negative life events of the ages 0–4 and the emotion-based aspects of psychopathy. There are moderate to high correlations between psychopathy rankings from late childhood to early adolescence. The correlations are considerably lower from early- or
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It has been suggested that psychopathy is associated with "instrumental aggression", also known as predatory, proactive, or "cold blooded" aggression, a form of aggression characterized by reduced emotion and conducted with a goal differing from but facilitated by the commission of harm. One
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repeated the study on a larger sample of prisoners, using the PCL-R and seeking to rule out other experimental or statistical issues that may have produced the previously different findings. They again found that the psychopathy measurements do not appear to be identifying a discrete type (a
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Factor 1 and the boldness scale of psychopathy measurements are associated with narcissism and histrionic personality disorder. This is due to a psychopath's cognitive and affective egocentrism. However, while a narcissistic individual might view themselves as confident, they might seek out
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violence (defined as enjoyment indicated by self-report or evidence) compared to 52.6% of those with scores below 30, and total PCL-R and Factor 1 scores correlated significantly with sadistic violence. Despite this, it is reported that offenders with psychopathy (both sexual and non-sexual
1245:
Cleckley's (1941) original description of psychopathy included the absence of nervousness and neurotic disorders, and later theorists referred to psychopaths as fearless or thick-skinned. While it is often claimed that the PCL-R does not include low anxiety or fearlessness, such features do
10193:
2634:, including registration, housing restrictions, public notification, mandatory reporting by health care professionals, and civil commitment, which permits indefinite confinement after a sentence has been completed. Psychopathy measurements may be used in the confinement decision process.
1530:
regions of the brain have been associated with specific learning impairments in psychopathy. Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, which regulates the activity in the amygdala, leads to common characteristics in psychopathic individuals.Since the 1980s, scientists have linked
1741:
early damage in the prefrontal cortex may never fully develop social or moral reasoning and become "psychopathic individuals ... characterized by high levels of aggression and antisocial behavior performed without guilt or empathy for their victims". Additionally, damage to the
1378:, with some researchers arguing that it is correlated with a preference for violent sexual behavior. A 2011 study of conditional releases for Canadian male federal offenders found that psychopathy was related to more violent and non-violent offences but not more sexual offences. For
869:
argues that Hitler's actions do not warrant a diagnosis of psychopathy as, although he showed several characteristics of criminality, he was not always egocentric, callously disregarding of feelings or lacking impulse control, and there is no proof he could not learn from mistakes.
1174:
they were confronted by a difficult issue – in this case as whether to shoot down a passenger plane hijacked by terrorists before it hits a major city – these patients appear to reach decisions without the anguish that afflicts those with typically functioning brains. According to
2557:
study. The scoring may also be influenced by other differences between raters. In one study it was estimated that of the PCL-R variance, about 45% was due to true offender differences, 20% was due to which side the rater testified for, and 30% was due to other rater differences.
1448:
fanaticism often to the extreme of sacrificing oneself for an ideological cause. Traits such as a self-centered disposition, unreliability, poor behavioral controls, and unusual behaviors may disadvantage or preclude psychopathic individuals in conducting organized terrorism.
1654:
Assessing accidents, where one person harmed another unintentionally, psychopaths judged such actions to be more morally permissible. This result has been considered a reflection of psychopaths' failure to appreciate the emotional aspect of the victim's harmful experience.
12447:
Boddy. C. R (2005) "'The Implications for Business Performance and Corporate Social Responsibility of Corporate Psychopaths" in 2nd International Conference on Business Performance and Corporate Social Responsibility, ed. M. Hopkins, Middlesex University Business School,
1994:
regions that are involved in emotional and learning processes, among others. Neuroimaging studies have found structural and functional differences between those scoring high and low on the PCL-R in a 2011 review by Skeem et al. stating that they are "most notably in the
2266:
The first edition of the DSM in 1952 had a section on sociopathic personality disturbances, then a general term that included such things as homosexuality and alcoholism as well as an "antisocial reaction" and "dyssocial reaction". The latter two eventually became
2748:
psychopaths have a natural advantage in workplaces overrun by abusive supervision, and are more likely to thrive under abusive bosses, being more resistant to stress, including interpersonal abuse, and having less of a need for positive relationships than others.
956:. Poor impulse control including problems with planning and foresight, lacking affect and urge control, demand for immediate gratification, and poor behavioral restraints. Similar to PCL-R Factor 2 and PPI impulsive antisociality. May correspond to impairments in
1019:
The PCL-R was developed for research, not clinical forensic diagnosis, and even for research purposes to improve understanding of the underlying issues, it is necessary to examine dimensions of personality in general rather than only a constellation of traits.
8393:
Decety, J., & Skelly, L. (2013). The neural underpinnings of the experience of empathy: Lessons for psychopathy. In K. N. Ochsner and S. M. Kosslyn (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Neuroscience – Volume 2 (pp. 228-243). New York: Oxford University
830:(DSM) had some key similarities to Cleckley's ideas, though in 1980 when renamed Antisocial Personality Disorder some of the underlying personality assumptions were removed. In 1980, Canadian psychologist Robert D. Hare introduced an alternative measure, the "
1732:, with psychopathic behavior and a deficient ability to make morally and socially acceptable decisions, a condition that has been termed "acquired sociopathy", or "pseudopsychopathy". Individuals with damage to the area of the prefrontal cortex known as the
2058:
notion of psychopathy being characterized by low fear is consistent with findings of abnormalities in the amygdala, since deficits in aversive conditioning and instrumental learning are thought to result from amygdala dysfunction, potentially compounded by
2033:
The amygdala and frontal areas have been suggested as particularly important. People scoring 25 or higher in the PCL-R, with an associated history of violent behavior, appear on average to have significantly reduced microstructural integrity between the
1250:
reduced experience of state fear or where it reflects impaired detection and response to threat-related stimuli. Moreover, such deficits in threat responding are known to be reduced or even abolished when attention is focused on the threatening stimuli.
2626:
underlying mental illnesses, and it was thought that sex offenders should be treated, in agreement with the general rehabilitative trends at this time. Courts committed sex offenders to a mental health facility for community protection and treatment.
1207:
Disagreement exists over which features should be considered as part of psychopathy, with researchers identifying around 40 traits supposedly indicative of the construct, though the following characteristics are almost universally considered central.
2651:. Various other studies have found improvements in risk factors for crime such as substance abuse. No study has yet examined whether the personality traits that form the core character disturbances of psychopathy could be changed by such treatments.
12333:
2818:
have varied over the years and continue to change even now, many of the characters characterized as psychopathic in notable works at the time of publication may no longer fit the current definition and conception of psychopathy. There are several
1186:
Socially, psychopathy typically involves extensive callous and manipulative self-serving behaviors with no regard for others, and often is associated with repeated delinquency, crime and violence. Mentally, impairments in processes related to
9955:
van de Giessen E, Rosell DR, Thompson JL, Xu X, Girgis RR, Ehrlich Y, Slifstein M, Abi-Dargham A, Siever LJ (November 2014). "Serotonin transporter availability in impulsive aggressive personality disordered patients: A PET study with DASB".
5620:
Benning, S. D., Patrick, C. J., Hicks, B. M., Blonigen, D. M., & Krueger, R. F. (2003). Factor structure of the psychopathic personality inventory: validity and implications for clinical assessment. Psychological assessment, 15(3),
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in the ICD. Both manuals have stated that their diagnoses have been referred to, or include what is referred to, as psychopathy or sociopathy, although neither diagnostic manual has ever included a disorder officially titled as such.
2699:
Academics on this subject believe that although psychopathy is manifested in only a small percentage of workplace staff, it is more common at higher levels of corporate organizations, and its negative effects (for example, increased
2195:, and his own research on criminals and incarcerated offenders in Canada. The PCL-R is widely used and is referred to by some as the "gold standard" for assessing psychopathy. There are nonetheless numerous criticisms of the PCL-R
5630:
Kastner, Rebecca M., Martin Sellbom, and Scott O. Lilienfeld. "A comparison of the psychometric properties of the psychopathic personality inventory full-length and short-form versions." Psychological Assessment 24, no. 1 (2012):
1366:, and predatory behavior. It has also been found that the homicide victims of psychopathic offenders were disproportionately female in comparison to the more equitable gender distribution of victims of non-psychopathic offenders.
2111:
response, while inversely associated with impulsive and antisocial traits, were positively correlated with arrogant and deceitful traits, and, to a lesser extent, callous and remorseless traits. Bariş Yildirim theorizes that the
1216:
Cooke and Michie (2001) proposed a three-factor model of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised which has seen widespread application in other measures (e.g. Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory, Antisocial Process Screening Device).
1088:. Several psychologists have asserted that subclinical psychopathy and Machiavellianism are more or less interchangeable. There is a subscale on the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) dubbed "Machiavellian Egocentricity".
5762:
Lewis D, Yeager C, Blake P, Bard B, Strenziok M (2004). "Ethics Questions Raised by the Neuropsychiatric, Neuropsychological, Educational, Developmental, and Family Characteristics of 18 Juveniles Awaiting Execution in Texas".
9234:
2263:(APA). Both list categories of disorders thought to be distinct types, and have deliberately converged their codes in recent revisions so that the manuals are often broadly comparable, although significant differences remain.
1543:
in psychopaths, whether punishment-based or reward-based. People scoring 25 or higher in the PCL-R, with an associated history of violent behavior, appear to have significantly reduced mean microstructural integrity in their
918:
The triarchic model suggests that different conceptions of psychopathy emphasize three observable characteristics to various degrees. Analyses have been made with respect to the applicability of measurement tools such as the
8270:
1903:
such a small effect that it escapes natural selection. The personality is thought to be influenced by a very large number of genes and may be disrupted by random mutations, and psychopathy may instead be a product of a high
1679:
may generally influence the development of psychopathy while environmental factors affect the specific expression of the traits that predominate. A study on a large group of children found more than 60% heritability for "
2382:
often co-occur with ASPD, and contrary to assumptions, psychopathy can sometimes be marked by anxiety; this appears to be related to items from Factor 2 but not Factor 1 of the PCL-R. Psychopathy is also associated with
5698:
Walker, Sarah A., et al. "Primary and secondary psychopathy relate to lower cognitive reappraisal: A meta-analysis of the Dark Triad and emotion regulation processes." Personality and Individual Differences 187 (2022):
1157:
were found to experience regret, but did not use the regret to guide their choice in behavior. There was no lack of regret but a problem to think through a range of potential actions and estimating the outcome values.
6619:
5610:
Miller, Joshua D.; Hyatt, Courtland S.; Maples-Keller, Jessica L.; Carter, Nathan T.; Lynam, Donald R. (2017). "Psychopathy and Machiavellianism: A Distinction Without a Difference?". Journal of Personality. 85 (4):
6555:
2581:
on the part of the person concerned". This term was intended to reflect the presence of a personality disorder in terms of conditions for detention under the Mental Health Act 1983. Amendments to MHA1983 within the
2560:
To aid a criminal investigation, certain interrogation approaches may be used to exploit and leverage the personality traits of suspects thought to have psychopathy and make them more likely to divulge information.
2098:
However, some studies on animal and human subjects have suggested that the emotional-interpersonal traits and predatory aggression of psychopathy, in contrast to impulsive and reactive aggression, is related to
1456:. Such individuals are sometimes referred to as "successful psychopaths", and may not necessarily always have extensive histories of traditional antisocial behavior as characteristic of traditional psychopathy.
10695:
Miller AK, Rufino KA, Boccaccini MT, Jackson RL, Murrie DC (2011). "On Individual Differences in Person Perception: Raters' Personality Traits Relate to Their Psychopathy Checklist-Revised Scoring Tendencies".
2106:
functioning. A study by Dolan and Anderson, regarding the relationship between serotonin and psychopathic traits in a sample of personality disordered offenders, found that serotonin functioning as measured by
6253:
4686:
4808:
Yildirim, Bariş O., and Jan JL Derksen. "Clarifying the heterogeneity in psychopathic samples: Towards a new continuum of primary and secondary psychopathy." Aggression and Violent Behavior 24 (2015): 9-41.
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rigorous quasi-experimental studies using more modern treatment methods have found improvements regarding reducing future violent and other criminal behavior, regardless of PCL-R scores, although none were
1488:
referred to as "life-course- persistent" antisocial behavior as well as poorer health and economic status. Adolescent onset is argued to more typically be associated with short-term antisocial behavior.
841:
Famous individuals have sometimes been diagnosed, albeit at a distance, as psychopaths. As one example out of many possible from history, in a 1972 version of a secret report originally prepared for the
5709:
Ali, F., Amorim, I. S., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2009). Empathy deficits and trait emotional intelligence in psychopathy and Machiavellianism. Personality and individual differences, 47(7), 758-762.
2406:. Likewise, some people with an Asperger Syndrome Diagnosis have shown correlations with the "unemotional" factor and "behavioural dyscontrol" factor of psychopathy, but not the "interpersonal" factor.
438:
settings in some nations and may have important consequences for individuals. The study of psychopathy is an active field of research. The term is also used by the general public, popular press, and in
1667:
depending on the underlying predisposition: for example, it is hypothesized that persons having high boldness may respond poorly to punishment but may respond better to rewards and secure attachments.
1436:
are sometimes considered psychopathic, and comparisons may be drawn with traits such as antisocial violence, a selfish world view that precludes the welfare of others, a lack of remorse or guilt, and
8765:
Dawel A, O'Kearney R, McKone E, Palermo R (2012-11-01). "Not just fear and sadness: meta-analytic evidence of pervasive emotion recognition deficits for facial and vocal expressions in psychopathy".
1882:
have proposed several evolutionary explanations. According to one hypothesis, some traits associated with psychopathy may be socially adaptive, and psychopathy may be a frequency-dependent, socially
7405:
Edens John F (2010). "Inter-rater reliability of the PCL-R total and factor scores among psychopathic sex offenders: are personality features more prone to disagreement than behavioral features?".
2814:, where the general characteristics and stereotypes associated with psychopathy are useful to facilitate conflict and danger. Because the definitions, criteria, and popular conceptions throughout
4612:
4360:
Skilling TA, Harris GT, Rice ME, Quinsey VL (March 2002). "Identifying persistently antisocial offenders using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist and DSM antisocial personality disorder criteria".
1452:
It may be that a significant portion of people with psychopathy are socially successful and tend to express their antisocial behavior through more covert avenues such as social manipulation or
2304:(LSRP) and the Hare Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (HSRP), but in terms of self-report tests, the PPI/PPI-R has become more used than either of these in modern psychopathy research on adults.
792:. It was often used to imply an underlying "constitutional" or genetic origin. Disparate early descriptions likely set the stage for modern controversies about the definition of psychopathy.
763:
originally described any illness of the mind, but found its application to a narrow subset of mental conditions when it was used toward the end of the 19th century by the German psychiatrist
1300:, and the PCL-R emphasizes features that are somewhat predictive of violent behavior. Researchers, however, have noted that psychopathy is dissociable from and not synonymous with violence.
7903:
Hinshaw, S. P., & Lee, S. S. (2003). Conduct and oppositional defiant disorders. In E. J. Mash & R. A. Barkley (Eds.), Child psychopathology (pp. 144-198). New York: Guilford Press.
6933:
Singh JP, Grann M, Fazel S (Apr 2011). "A comparative study of violence risk assessment tools: a systematic review and metaregression analysis of 68 studies involving 25,980 participants".
6437:
5860:
Larsen RR, Jalava J, Griffiths S (August 2020). "Are Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) psychopaths dangerous, untreatable, and without conscience? A systematic review of the empirical evidence".
1311:
find that abusers have high rates of psychopathy, with the prevalence estimated to be at around 15-30%. Furthermore, the commission of domestic violence is correlated with Factor 1 of the
984:. Furthermore, according to this view, psychopathy may be linked to at least some interpersonally successful outcomes, such as effective leadership, business accomplishments, and heroism.
4318:
7176:
Williams KM, Cooper BS, Howell TM, Yuille JC, Paulhus DL (2008). "Inferring Sexually Deviant Behavior from Corresponding Fantasies: The Role of Personality and Pornography Consumption".
2642:
The prognosis for psychopathy in forensic and clinical settings is quite poor, with some studies reporting that treatment may worsen the antisocial aspects of psychopathy as measured by
2426:
Many associations with other personality traits are similar, although in one study the antisocial factor was more strongly related with impulsivity in men and more strongly related with
11418:
11998:
10596:
11209:
9226:
7690:
2585:
abolished the term "psychopathic disorder", with all conditions for detention (e.g. mental illness, personality disorder, etc.) encompassed by the generic term of "mental disorder".
2070:, while the disinhibition factor is argued to be associated with impairment of frontal lobe tasks. There is evidence that boldness and disinhibition are genetically distinguishable.
13999:
13919:
8239:
5541:
Chabrol H., Van Leeuwen N., Rodgers R., Sejourne N. (2009). "Contributions of psychopathic, narcissistic, Machiavellian, and sadistic personality traits to juvenile delinquency".
5306:
Aggressivity, Narcissism, and Self-Destructiveness in the Psychotherapeutic Relationship: New Developments in the Psychopathology and Psychotherapy of Severe Personality Disorders
6103:
2484:
for their condition, and can be uncooperative in therapy. Attempts to treat psychopathy with the current tools available to psychiatry have been disappointing. Harris and Rice's
6409:
11055:
Hildebrand M, De Ruiter C (2004). "PCL-R psychopathy and its relation to DSM-IV Axis I and II disorders in a sample of male forensic psychiatric patients in the Netherlands".
9021:
2688:
include positive adjustment characteristics, and most researchers have studied psychopathy in incarcerated criminals, a relatively accessible population of research subjects.
1509:
different types/dimensions of psychopathy have seen this as possibly corresponding to adult primary psychopathy and increased boldness and/or meanness in the triarchic model.
12167:
1829:
deliberate and detrimental conduct. Despite presenting themselves as serious, bright, and charming, psychopathic people are unable to experience true emotions. Robert Hare's
915:
It has been suggested that those who share the same emotional deficiencies and psychopathic features, but are properly socialized, should not be designated as 'psychopaths'.
6547:
5718:
Wai, M., & Tiliopoulos, N. (2012). The affective and cognitive empathic nature of the dark triad of personality. Personality and individual differences, 52(7), 794-799.
11797:
2439:
more as externalizing behaviors in men and more as internalizing behaviors in women. Furthermore, one study has suggested substantial gender differences were found in the
10865:
8993:
2066:
For instance, the boldness factor in the triarchic model is argued to be associated with reduced activity in the amygdala during fearful or aversive stimuli and reduced
1444:, argues that such comparisons could also then be drawn more widely: for example, to soldiers in wars. Coordinated terrorist activity requires organization, loyalty and
1101:
The current conceptions of psychopathy have been criticized for being poorly conceptualized, highly subjective, and encompassing a wide variety of underlying disorders.
6975:
11922:
10657:
Ethics Questions Raised by the Neuropsychiatric, Neuropsychological, Educational, Developmental, and Family Characteristics of 18 Juveniles Awaiting Execution in Texas
8573:
Blair R, E. Colledge, D.G. Mitchell (2001a). "Somatic markers and response reversal: is there orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction in boys with psychopathic tendencies?".
7324:"Psychopathy and the combination of psychopathy and sexual deviance as predictors of sexual recidivism: Meta-analytic findings using the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised"
6243:
3384:
2508:
Psychiatric medications may also alleviate co-occurring conditions sometimes associated with psychopathy or with symptoms such as aggression or impulsivity, including
1837:
model have both been developed to better understand psychopathy; however, whether the root cause is primarily environmental or primarily genetic is still in question.
1406:
circumstances. There is, however, increasing concern that PCL scores are too inconsistent between different examiners, including in its use to evaluate sex offenders.
709:, whereas in other cases the two terms may be used with different meanings that reflect the user's views on its origins and determinants. Hare contended that the term
10156:"Systematic review, structural analysis, and new theoretical perspectives on the role of serotonin and associated genes in the etiology of psychopathy and sociopathy"
14024:
11892:
5727:
Glenn, A. L., & Sellbom, M. (2015). Theoretical and empirical concerns regarding the dark triad as a construct. Journal of personality disorders, 29(3), 360-377.
2608:
if they have committed serious crimes, but since such individuals are disruptive to other patients and not responsive to usual treatment methods this alternative to
578:
was also used in Germany from 1841, originally in a very general sense. The suffix -ωσις (-osis) meant in this case "abnormal condition". This term or its adjective
10272:
Buckholtz JW, Treadway MT, Cowan RL, Woodward ND, Benning SD, Li R, Ansari MS, Baldwin RM, Schwartzman AN, Shelby ES, Smith CE, Cole D, Kessler RM, Zald DH (2010).
2496:
might gain the skills to become more adept at the manipulation and deception of others and be more likely to commit crime. Some studies suggest that punishment and
13860:
13855:
13850:
9828:
Lee R, Coccaro ER (2007). "Neurobiology of impulsive aggression: Focus on serotonin and the orbitofrontal cortex". In Flannery DJ, Vazsonyi AT, Waldman ID (eds.).
3649:
Delisi M, Vaughn MG, Beaver KM, Wright JP (2009). "The Hannibal Lecter Myth: Psychopathy and Verbal Intelligence in the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study".
415:. The creation of ASPD and DPD was driven by the fact that many of the classic traits of psychopathy were impossible to measure objectively. Canadian psychologist
12537:
1782:
9906:"The other allele: Exploring the long allele of the serotonin transporter gene as a potential risk factor for psychopathy: A review of the parallels in findings"
2501:
committed to other mental illnesses, which makes it more difficult to gain the understanding of this condition that is necessary to develop effective therapies.
2288:
that contain subscales relating to psychopathy, though they assess relatively non-specific tendencies towards antisocial or criminal behavior. These include the
11775:
6741:
Swogger MT, Walsh Z, Kosson DS (May 2007). "Domestic violence and psychopathic traits: distinguishing the antisocial batterer from other antisocial offenders".
4301:"Examining the DSM–5 alternative personality disorder model operationalization of antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy in a male correctional sample"
1236:: impulsivity, sensation-seeking and risk-taking, irresponsible and unreliable behavior, financially parasitic lifestyle and lack of realistic, long-term goals.
1230:: lack of remorse or guilt, shallow affect (coldness and unemotionality), callousness and lack of empathy, and failure to accept responsibility for own actions.
13543:
2779:, and research. The character may be identified as having psychopathy within the fictional work itself, by its creators, or from the opinions of audiences and
8916:
13316:
9814:
4571:
2255:
1195:, particularly socially related mental processes, have also been found. Developmentally, symptoms of psychopathy have been identified in young children with
381:
7824:
3044:
Patrick C, Fowles D, Krueger R (August 2009). "Triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy: Developmental origins of disinhibition, boldness, and meanness".
2492:
are known to or have been trialed for alleviating the emotional, interpersonal and moral deficits of psychopathy, and patients with psychopathy who undergo
944:. The PCL-R measures this relatively poorly and mainly through Facet 1 of Factor 1. Similar to PPI fearless dominance. May correspond to differences in the
834:" (PCL) based largely on Cleckley's criteria, which was revised in 1991 (PCL-R), and is the most widely used measure of psychopathy. There are also several
14185:
11593:
9177:
6319:
5985:
de Almeida RM, Cabral JC, Narvaes R (2015). "Behavioural, hormonal and neurobiological mechanisms of aggressive behaviour in human and nonhuman primates".
5105:
3651:
1571:, including with regards to verbal IQ, Hare and Neumann state that a large literature demonstrates at most only a weak association between psychopathy and
12129:
10739:
Lilienfeld SO, Widows MR (2005). "Psychopathic Personality Inventory—Revised (PPI-R) professional manual". Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
6218:
3827:
3761:
3731:
12731:
Stone, Michael H., M.D. & Brucato, Gary, Ph.D., The New Evil: Understanding the Emergence of Modern Violent Crime (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books).
10474:
7711:
Roose A, Bijttebier P, Van der Oord S, Claes L, Lilienfeld SO (2013-01-01). "Psychopathic Traits in Youth and Associations with Temperamental Features".
5643:"Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A Brief Measure of Dark Personality Traits. Assessment, 21(1), 28–41"
1857:
stronger association between boldness and the experience of neglect as a child, as well as between meanness and the experience of childhood maltreatment.
10523:"What are the differences between the psychopathy definitions designed by Hare and by Cleckley?" Editor: Ellsworth Lapham Fersch. iUniverse, 30 Oct 2006
7213:
Porter S, Woodworth M, Earle J, Drugge J, Boer D (2003). "Characteristics of sexual homicides committed by psychopathic and nonpsychopathic offenders".
3794:
1224:: impression management or superficial charm, inflated and grandiose sense of self-worth, pathological lying/deceit, and manipulation for personal gain.
13867:
11994:
10779:
7963:
11002:
10894:
6976:"Violence risk meta-meta: Instrument choice does matter: Despite popularity, psychopathy test and actuarials not superior to other prediction methods"
2728:. Employees with the disorder are self-serving opportunists, and may disadvantage their own organizations to further their own interests. They may be
13840:
13392:
11304:"Examining the genetic and environmental associations between autistic social and communication deficits and psychopathic callous-unemotional traits"
7122:
1485:
11746:"Punishment and psychopathy: a case-control functional MRI investigation of reinforcement learning in violent antisocial personality disordered men"
5833:
Martens W (June 2008). "The problem with Robert Hare's psychopathy checklist: incorrect conclusions, high risk of misuse, and lack of reliability".
4064:
3963:
2664:
of psychopathy. A study on a sample of inmates in Iran using the PCL:SV found a prevalence of 23% scoring 18 or more. A study by Nathan Brooks from
13735:
10429:
8037:
12022:"Clozapine: an effective treatment for seriously violent and psychopathic men with antisocial personality disorder in a UK high-security hospital"
5240:
Widiger TA, Lynam DR (2002). "Psychopathy and the Five-Factor Model of Personality". In Millon T, Simonsen E, Birket-Smith M, et al. (eds.).
3624:
2668:
found that around one in five corporate bosses display clinically significant psychopathic traits - a proportion similar to that among prisoners.
9407:
7147:
Porter S, Brinke L, Wilson K (2009). "Crime profiles and conditional release performance of psychopathic and non-psychopathic sexual offenders".
1043:—a theorized dimension referring to tough, aggressive or hostile tendencies. Aspects of this that appear associated with psychopathy are lack of
9724:"Multifinality in the development of personality disorders: A Biology × Sex × Environment interaction model of antisocial and borderline traits"
3488:
2630:
were also a series of cases where persons treated and released committed new sexual offenses. Starting in the 1990s, several states have passed
1793:
622:
to designate any criminal whose offenses are particularly abhorrent and unnatural, but that is not its original or general psychiatric meaning.
8668:
Stevens D, Charman T, Blair R (2001). "Recognition of emotion in facial expressions and vocal tones in children with psychopathic tendencies".
1840:
behaviors such as rejection, abuse, neglect or over protection show some relationship with the development of detrimental psychopathic traits.
14048:
14004:
13810:
13485:
10588:
9424:
Dadds M, et al. (2010). "Learning to 'talk the talk': the relationship of psychopathic traits to deficits in empathy across childhood".
6504:
4986:
2919:
2151:
exposure, was a "positive correlate of psychopathy in females, and a positive correlate of callous affect (psychopathy sub-scale) in males".
976:
combination of superficial charm, poise, emotional resilience, and venturesomeness on the outside but deep-seated affective disturbances and
6474:
6285:
547:
initially had a very general meaning referring to all sorts of mental disorders and social aberrations, popularised from 1891 in Germany by
14906:
14031:
12418:
8295:
Blair RJ, Meffert H, Hwang S, White SF (2018). "Psychopathy and brain function: Insights from neuroimaging research". In Patrick CJ (ed.).
5678:
3347:
2451:
was attributable to environmental factors and just 0% of the variance was attributable to genetic factors. In boys, the link was reversed.
1825:
1759:
788:
came to be used to describe a diverse range of dysfunctional or antisocial behavior and mental and sexual deviances, including at the time
11838:
7071:
4566:
14073:
14014:
12859:
12308:
11984:
11451:
Fontaine NM, Rijsdijk FV, McCrory EJ, Viding E (2010). "Etiology of Different Developmental Trajectories of Callous-Unemotional Traits".
11117:
8827:
7301:
6809:
6582:
6380:
5487:
5441:
2823:
images of psychopathy in both lay and professional accounts which only partly overlap and can involve contradictory traits: the charming
2289:
10101:
Dolan MC, Anderson IM (1 June 2003). "The relationship between serotonergic function and the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version".
6857:
5395:
4757:
1276:
psychopathy scores correlated with repeated imprisonment, detention in higher security, disciplinary infractions, and substance misuse.
781:) to various chronic conditions and character disorders, and his work would influence the later conception of the personality disorder.
13828:
13720:
13387:
10400:
9111:
7851:
6529:
6073:
4950:
2419:
somewhat larger on the interpersonal-affective scale than on the antisocial scale. Most but not all studies have found broadly similar
6374:
Coid J, Yang M, Ullrich S, Roberts A, Moran P, Bebbington P, Brugha T, Jenkins R, Farrell M, Lewis G, Singleton N, Hare R (May 2009).
3897:
1149:. This was thought to be due to an inability to generate this emotion in response to negative outcomes. However, in 2016, people with
13360:
4127:
Psychopathy in the Treatment of Forensic Psychiatric Patients: Assessment, Prevalence, Predictive Validity, and Clinical Implications
1394:, wherein those high in psychopathy who also endorsed deviant sexual interests were more likely to recidivate sexually. A subsequent
9857:
Van Goozen SH, Fairchild G, Snoek H, Harold GT (2007). "The evidence for a neurobiological model of childhood antisocial behavior".
5512:
Jones DN, Paulhus DL (2010). "Differentiating the Dark Triad within the interpersonal circumplex". In Horowitz LM, Strack S (eds.).
3874:
2741:
traits in the workplace, the others being narcissism and Machiavellianism, which, like psychopathy, can have negative consequences.
12941:
12147:
11547:"[Psychopathic personality in women. Diagnostics and experimental findings in the forensic setting and the business world]"
9498:"Prefrontal Structural and Functional Brain Imaging findings in Antisocial, Violent, and Psychopathic Individuals: A Meta-Analysis"
8221:
7359:
6052:
3863:
2363:
validation and attention from others to validate their self-worth, whereas a psychopathic individual usually lacks such ambitions.
2245:
1844:
mediates the relationship between physical abuse and two components of psychopathy (social deviation and affective interpersonal).
399:
12897:
11914:
11142:
Smith SS, Newman JP (1990). "Alcohol and drug abuse-dependence disorders in psychopathic and nonpsychopathic criminal offenders".
9545:
Deming P, Heilicher M, Koenigs M (2022). "How reliable are amygdala findings in psychopathy? A systematic review of MRI studies".
5175:
4088:
2374:(a theorized precursor to ASPD), and may also co-occur with psychopathic tendencies. This may be explained in part by deficits in
1930:
Some laboratory research demonstrates correlations between psychopathy and atypical responses to aversive stimuli, including weak
14041:
13872:
13835:
13433:
12196:
10160:
9910:
6882:
Yang M, Wong SC, Coid J (2010). "The efficacy of violence prediction: A meta-analytic comparison of nine risk assessment tools".
4221:
4148:
1683:" and that conduct disorder among children with these traits has a higher heritability than among children without these traits.
1647:
A study comparing judgments of whether personal or impersonal harm would be endorsed in order to achieve the rationally maximum (
676:
Section III ASPD including the 'Psychopathic Traits Specifier' can be seen on page 765 of the DSM-5 or Page 885 of the DSM-5-TR.
12278:
11805:
1623:. This impaired recognition and reduced autonomic responsiveness might be partly accounted for by a decreased activation of the
582:
would come to refer to the more severe mental disturbances and then specifically to mental states or disorders characterized by
14760:
13790:
13443:
12910:
10857:
8767:
5199:
Derefinko KJ (December 2015). "Psychopathy and Low Anxiety: Meta-Analytic Evidence for the Absence of Inhibition, Not Affect".
2301:
10677:
10659:
9670:
8985:
14277:
13724:
12762:
12736:
12702:
12686:
Häkkänen-Nyholm, H. & Nyholm, J-O. (2012). Psychopathy and Law: A Practitioners Guide. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
12677:
12652:
12615:
12580:
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11955:
11868:
11724:
11686:
11191:
11111:
10996:
10802:"Clarifying the content coverage of differing psychopathy inventories through reference to the triarchic psychopathy measure"
9995:"Reduced sensitivity to both positive and negative reinforcement in mice over-expressing the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter"
9841:
9351:
Smith SF, Lilienfeld SO (2015). "The response modulation hypothesis of psychopathy: A meta-analytic and narrative analysis".
9194:
7932:
7525:
7496:
7389:
6983:
6851:
6803:
6353:
5746:
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5435:
5389:
5317:
5282:
5253:
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4411:
4344:
4048:
4020:
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3454:
3416:
3143:
3114:
434:
organization has sanctioned a diagnosis titled "psychopathy", assessments of psychopathic characteristics are widely used in
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10516:
10497:
5423:
The Handbook of Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Findings, and Treatments
4129:
4110:
3587:
3342:
11882:
10323:
Blanchard A, Lyons M (2010). "An investigation into the relationship between digit length ratio (2D: 4D) and psychopathy".
8316:
8196:
4820:"Is fearless dominance relevant to the construct of psychopathy? Reconciling the dual roles of theory and clinical utility"
2952:
2297:
12300:
11281:
10504:
Stephen Strack, John Wiley & Sons, 21 Jan 2005. Chapter 15: Psychopathy as a Personality Construct (Ronald Blackburn).
534:
in general since 1847. A sense of "a subject of pathology, morbid, excessive" is attested from 1845, including the phrase
411:(DPD) respectively, stating that these diagnoses have been referred to (or include what is referred to) as psychopathy or
14300:
13994:
13397:
13204:
11745:
8496:
7149:
4278:
2783:, and may be based on undefined popular stereotypes of psychopathy. Characters with psychopathic traits have appeared in
2758:
440:
12259:"Evaluating the Screening Version of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL: SV): An Item Response Theory Analysis"
5955:
14437:
13900:
13465:
12601:
12529:
6893:
6711:
5335:
5147:
5077:
5032:
3203:
2293:
2212:
997:
924:
670:
408:
12869:
3989:
13682:
13295:
12725:
12632:
9227:"Psychopathic men have an extreme focus on mating at the expense of other domains and tend to be "parasitic" fathers"
8054:
2390:
2344:
2321:
1811:
1387:
offenders) are about 2.5 times more likely to be granted conditional release compared to non-psychopathic offenders.
1327:
1162:
862:
838:
tests, with the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) used more often among these in contemporary adult research.
260:
12879:
14235:
13580:
12469:
9999:
9461:
8873:
7959:
7590:
7546:
6700:
Woodworth M, Porter S (2002). "In cold blood: Characteristics of criminal homicides as a function of psychopathy".
6657:
4576:
3660:
3212:
2260:
1691:
7621:
5063:
3540:
3161:"Are psychopaths and heroes twigs off the same branch? Evidence from college, community, and presidential samples"
569:
defines "psychopath" only as a "former designation" for a person with an antisocial type of personality disorder.
14516:
14397:
14053:
13382:
13350:
10217:"Genetic and hormonal sensitivity to threat: Testing a serotonin transporter genotype × testosterone interaction"
9958:
7920:
7847:"Late childhood interpersonal callousness and conduct problem trajectories interact to predict adult psychopathy"
7816:
7067:
4984:
Harris GT, Rice ME, Quinsey VL (1994). "Psychopathy as a taxon: Evidence that psychopaths are a discrete class".
3046:
2435:
2431:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2268:
1343:
1150:
1000:
scores and concluded that psychopathy may best be conceptualized as having a "dimensional latent structure" like
666:
566:
404:
256:
96:
11546:
9255:
Buss DM (2009). "How Can Evolutionary Psychology Successfully Explain Personality and Individual Differences?".
9200:
6309:
2123:
Studies have suggested other correlations. Psychopathy was associated in two studies with an increased ratio of
980:
deficits on the inside. From this perspective, psychopathy is at least in part characterized by psychologically
14331:
14063:
14036:
13973:
13492:
12126:
11144:
8881:
8647:
8622:
8341:
7987:
7760:
6702:
6206:
5138:
5068:
5023:
3835:
3769:
3739:
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2631:
2597:
2448:
2399:
2398:
co-occur in some individuals. Recent studies indicate that some individuals with an autism diagnosis also show
2272:
1951:
1733:
1680:
1536:
1505:
1334:. A large systematic review and meta-regression found that the PCL performed the poorest out of nine tools for
1170:
1154:
1119:
816:
14356:
10441:
7644:
4908:
4683:
443:. While the abbreviated term "psycho" is often employed in common usage in general media along with "crazy", "
14911:
14790:
14541:
14447:
14422:
14170:
13914:
13795:
13601:
10462:
10215:
Josephs RA, Telch MJ, Hixon JG, Evans JJ, Lee H, Knopik VS, McGeary JE, Hariri AR, Beevers CG (1 June 2012).
10103:
8670:
8139:
Craig MC, Catani M, Deeley Q, Latham R, Daly E, Kanaan R, Picchioni M, McGuire PK, Fahy T, Murphy DG (2009).
7178:
6743:
6136:
3802:
2333:
2329:
1982:
A 2008 review by Weber et al. suggested that psychopathy is sometimes associated with brain abnormalities in
1950:
functions normally, some studies have also found reduced reactivity to pleasurable stimuli. According to the
1383:
1085:
1073:
800:
An influential figure in shaping modern American conceptualizations of psychopathy was American psychiatrist
11711:
Harris GT, Rice ME (2006). "Treatment of Psychopathy: A Review of Empirical Findings". In Patrick CJ (ed.).
10771:
7948:
14901:
14840:
14305:
14068:
13823:
13730:
13102:
12934:
10982:
10886:
10350:
Tikkanen R, Auvinen-Lintunen L, Ducci F, Sjöberg RL, Goldman D, Tiihonen J, Ojansuu I, Virkkunen M (2011).
5381:
2682:
2648:
2521:
2488:
says that there is currently little evidence for a cure or effective treatment for psychopathy; as yet, no
843:
767:(1891) to describe various behavioral and moral dysfunction in the absence of an obvious mental illness or
562:
9459:
Weber S, Habel U, Amunts K, Schneider F (2008). "Structural brain abnormalities in psychopaths—a review".
9179:
The Psychopathy Construct in a Swedish Context - Conceptualization and Validation of Different Assessments
8089:"The amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex: Functional contributions and dysfunction in psychopathy"
7095:"Crime profiles and conditional release performance of psychopathic and non-psychopathic sexual offenders"
7094:
14180:
14175:
13625:
13412:
13407:
13112:
13017:
2734:
2481:
1946:
while waiting for a painful stimulus but not when the stimulus occurs. While it has been argued that the
89:
42:
10757:
2046:
and that studies finding a negative effect (that psychopaths display less amygdala activity) have lower
1911:, a byproduct, or side-effect, of the evolution of adaptive traits rather than an adaptation in itself.
14805:
14190:
13620:
13063:
12976:
12715:
12020:
Brown D, Larkin F, Sengupta a, Romero-Ureclay JL, Ross CC, Gupta N, Vinestock M, Das M (October 2014).
9833:
8240:"Clarifying the Relationship between Psychopathy and Intelligence Using Four Dimensions of the WASI-II"
7754:
Hyde LW, Waller R, Trentacosta CJ, Shaw DS, Neiderhiser JM, Ganiban JM, Reiss D, Leve LD (2016-04-08).
6935:
6161:
Assadi SM, Noroozian M, Pakravannejad M, Yahyazadeh O, Aghayan S, Shariat SV, Fazel S (February 2006).
5274:
3616:
3055:
2196:
215:
17:
9133:
7258:"Psychopathy and Sexual Deviance in Treated Rapists: Association With Sexual and Nonsexual Recidivism"
4239:
2477:
2468:
Psychopathy has often been considered untreatable. Its unique characteristics makes it among the most
713:
is preferred by those who see the causes as due to social factors and early environment, and the term
14886:
14810:
14750:
14361:
14270:
14107:
14083:
13147:
9771:
Gollan JK, Lee R, Coccaro EF (2005). "Developmental psychopathology and neurobiology of aggression".
7012:
6548:"Study uncovers a surprising level of heterogeneity in psychopathy among condemned capital murderers"
6214:
3474:
2356:
2250:
1853:
1587:
A large body of research suggests that psychopathy is associated with atypical responses to distress
1363:
764:
548:
38:
12742:
Thiessen, W Slip-ups and the dangerous mind: Seeing through and living beyond the psychopath (2012).
9873:
7643:
Bartels M, Hudziak JJ, van den Oord EJ, van Beijsterveldt CE, Rietveld MJ, Boomsma DI (2003-09-01).
6902:
992:
An early and influential analysis from Harris and colleagues indicated that a discrete category, or
379:, influenced the initial diagnostic criteria for antisocial personality reaction/disturbance in the
14825:
14571:
14195:
14009:
13877:
13006:
12829:
12622:
6497:"Psychopathic traits in a large community sample: Links to violence, alcohol use, and intelligence"
5987:
4704:
4480:
2553:
2529:
minimal, with much of the knowledge in this area being extrapolations based on what is known about
1939:
1737:
280:
3569:
Handbook of Violence Risk Assessment and Treatment: New Approaches for Mental Health Professionals
1786:
that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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13960:
13950:
13438:
13302:
13241:
13043:
12927:
9304:
8409:"A cognitive neuroscience perspective on psychopathy: Evidence for paralimbic system dysfunction"
7645:"Co-occurrence of Aggressive Behavior and Rule-Breaking Behavior at Age 12: Multi-Rater Analyses"
7544:
Gao Y, Raine A (March 2010). "Successful and unsuccessful psychopaths: a neurobiological model".
6432:
6277:
4238:
Latzman RD, Tobin KE, Palumbo IM, Conway CC, Lilienfeld SO, Patrick CJ, Krueger RF (2020-10-01).
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2200:
1879:
1872:
811:
768:
12717:
Evil Genes: Why Rome Fell, Hitler Rose, Enron Failed, and My Sister Stole My Mother's Boyfriend.
10408:
7924:
7914:
7063:
6578:"Psychopathy and instrumental aggression: Evolutionary, neurobiological, and legal perspectives"
5897:"Psychopathic individuals exhibit but do not avoid regret during counterfactual decision making"
5642:
5131:"Psychopathic, Not Psychopath: Taxometric Evidence for the Dimensional Structure of Psychopathy"
5064:"Psychopathic, Not Psychopath: Taxometric Evidence for the Dimensional Structure of Psychopathy"
4580:
4085:
2316:. Among numerous studies, positive correlations have also been reported between psychopathy and
557:). Some medical dictionaries still define psychopathy in both a narrow and broad sense, such as
14452:
14412:
13818:
13780:
13745:
13470:
13211:
13127:
12846:
12301:"Prevalence and correlates of psychopathic traits in the household population of Great Britain"
11828:
10437:
9868:
9859:
9353:
7988:
Motzkin, J. C., Philippi, C. L., Wolf, R. C., Baskaya, M. K., & Koenigs, M. (Feb 1, 2015).
6897:
6884:
5201:
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2582:
2489:
2427:
2117:
1931:
1721:
1532:
460:
339:
264:
251:
12856:
12809:
11091:
8618:"Turning a deaf ear to fear: impaired recognition of vocal affect in psychopathic individuals"
7990:"Ventromedial prefrontal cortex is critical for the regulation of amygdala activity in humans"
6783:
5467:
5421:
4714:
4146:
Epitome of Current Literature: Current Conceptions of Psychopathic Disorder by Partridge, G.E.
2860:
1749:, which could result in uninhibited signals that manifest in violent and aggressive behavior.
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14546:
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14163:
13968:
13757:
13553:
13475:
13460:
13355:
13287:
13279:
13216:
13172:
13142:
13107:
13033:
11750:
9808:
9186:
8031:
7257:
6835:
6078:
5375:
5309:
4739:
4435:
Berrios G (1999). "Classic Text No. 37: J. C. Prichard and the concept of 'moral insanity'".
3704:
3694:
2884:
2497:
2178:
2004:
1564:
1312:
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perspective, believed psychopathy should be considered as part of a spectrum of pathological
920:
854:
831:
752:
420:
10655:, MD, Catherine A. Yeager, MA, Pamela Blake, MD, Barbara Bard, PhD, and Maren Strenziok, MS
10274:"Mesolimbic dopamine reward system hypersensitivity in individuals with psychopathic traits"
9993:
Line SJ, Barkus C, Rawlings N, Jennings K, McHugh S, Sharp T, Bannerman DM (December 2014).
9404:
8209:
8188:
6496:
1575:, noting that the early pioneer Cleckley included good intelligence in his checklist due to
14891:
14881:
14830:
14417:
14263:
13882:
13450:
12153:
11317:
8145:
7488:
7016:
5908:
4648:
4517:"Who's psychopathic now? A recent report has few new solutions and calls for more research"
3894:
2844:
2601:
2473:
2336:
2059:
2039:
1967:
1729:
1675:
1663:
1553:
1066:
810:(1941), Cleckley drew on a small series of vivid case studies of psychiatric patients at a
747:
The concept of psychopathy has been indirectly connected to the early 19th century work of
276:
10589:"Fear Review: Critique of Forensic Psychopathy Scale Delayed 3 Years by Threat of Lawsuit"
5021:
Marcus DK, John SL, Edens JF (2004). "A Taxometric Analysis of Psychopathic Personality".
4693:
Spark, Clare L. Social Thought and Research, Volume 22, Number 1&2 (1999), pp. 113-137
3343:"Psychopathic Personality: Bridging the Gap Between Scientific Evidence and Public Policy"
2724:) often causes a ripple effect throughout an organization, setting the tone for an entire
2053:
Some of these findings are consistent with other research and theories. For example, in a
8:
14896:
14740:
14723:
14667:
14642:
14533:
14509:
14478:
14210:
13945:
13775:
13563:
13480:
13417:
13167:
12903:
11887:
11246:"Autism spectrum disorder and psychopathy: shared cognitive underpinnings or double hit?"
10652:
10278:
9067:
3871:
3573:
3198:
2899:
2709:
2375:
2155:
1628:
1545:
1335:
1268:
1199:, and suggests at least a partial constitutional factor that influences its development.
1188:
1102:
1080:, share certain characteristics, such as a callous-manipulative interpersonal style. The
730:
643:
390:
175:
11321:
7020:
6049:
5912:
3860:
936:. Low fear including stress-tolerance, toleration of unfamiliarity and danger, and high
886:
violating social norms and expectations without the slightest sense of guilt or regret.
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14662:
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14583:
14566:
14473:
14366:
13651:
13641:
13455:
13309:
13182:
13157:
12996:
12494:
12467:
Babiak P, Neumann CS, Hare RD (April 2010). "Corporate psychopathy: Talking the walk".
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10351:
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10249:
10216:
10185:
10136:
10078:
10045:
10044:
Dunlop BW, DeFife JA, Marx L, Garlow SJ, Nemeroff CB, Lilienfeld SO (1 November 2011).
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9723:
9522:
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6466:
6095:
6012:
5931:
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5815:
5670:
5593:
5568:
Buckels EE, Jones DN, Paulhus DL (2013). "Behavioral confirmation of everyday sadism".
5356:
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show remarkable similarities to diagnosed psychopathic individuals, displaying reduced
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Hildebrand and colleagues (2004) have uncovered an interaction between psychopathy and
1379:
1166:
806:
726:
372:
199:
186:
82:
12203:
11763:
9513:
5790:
Walters GD (April 2004). "The trouble with psychopathy as a general theory of crime".
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based on Cleckley's criteria from the 1940s, criminological concepts such as those of
815:
time. Cleckley formulated sixteen criteria for psychopathy. The Scottish psychiatrist
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9414:(2005). Chapter 3: Other Theoretical Models of Psychopathy, Ronald Blackburn, Page 39
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1983:
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Studies have linked psychopathy to alternative dimensions such as antagonism (high),
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6999:"Authorship Bias in Violence Risk Assessment? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
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may only vaguely or partly relate to the concept of psychopathy as it is defined in
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have a pattern of mating with and quickly abandoning women, and thereby have a high
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Vien A, Beech AR (1 July 2006). "Psychopathy: theory, measurement, and treatment".
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4489:
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Berrios G (1993). "European views on personality disorders: A conceptual history".
4444:
4369:
4251:
3935:
3927:
3664:
3524:
3380:
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2008:
1943:
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908:'s conception entailing bold, disinhibited behavior, and "feckless disregard") and
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759:"), although historians have largely discredited the idea of a direct equivalence.
435:
362:
123:
11678:
8337:"Localization of Deformations Within the Amygdala in Individuals With Psychopathy"
8258:
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6000:
2402:(a risk-factor for developing psychopathy), but are less strongly associated with
95:"Sociopathy" and "Sociopath" redirect here. For another usage of these terms, see
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Office Politics: How to Thrive in a World of Lying, Backstabbing and Dirty Tricks
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Thinking about Psychopaths and Psychopathy: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
10513:
10501:
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10061:
9411:
8730:
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Piccinni A, Marazziti D, Veltri A (April 2018). "Psychopathology of terrorists".
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4152:
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3475:"Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Case of Diagnostic Confusion"
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of breakdowns in the white matter connections between these two important areas.
1421:
1355:
1331:
937:
905:
865:. However, others have not drawn this conclusion; clinical forensic psychologist
801:
685:
531:
526:
67:
11030:
10610:
Walters GD (2004). "The Trouble with Psychopathy as a General Theory of Crime".
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9882:
9659:"The Devil in the Boardroom: Corporate Psychopaths and Their Impact on Business"
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Hare RD (1994). "Predators: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths among Us".
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2016:
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may impair the ability of the prefrontal cortex to interpret feedback from the
1648:
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It has been suggested that the combination of early-onset conduct disorder and
1425:
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Genetic and environmental issues, such as neglect or abuse by parental figures.
12243:
12230:, Daly TE (September 2013). "Treatment and psychopathy in forensic settings".
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11413:
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10352:"Psychopathy, PCL-R, and MAOA genotype as predictors of violent reconvictions"
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8458:"A cognitive developmental approach to morality: investigating the psychopath"
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1962:
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rate, resulting in children that may inherit a predisposition to psychopathy.
733:
246:, parental neglect, abuse, or psychological manipulation of the affected child
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Personality Disorder Interview-IV, Chapter 4: Antisocial Personality Disorder
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6310:"An abusive boss is bad news for your work life — unless you're a psychopath"
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4534:
4421:
4319:"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5)"
4263:
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3228:
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The PCL-R, the PCL:SV, and the PCL:YV are highly regarded and widely used in
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2024:
1991:
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638:
may have been first introduced in 1909 in Germany by biological psychiatrist
475:
299:
272:
12194:
11207:
Fitzgerald M (2003). "Callous-unemotional traits and Asperger's syndrome?".
8942:
Glenn AL, Kurzban R, Raine A (2011). "Evolutionary theory and psychopathy".
7756:"Heritable and Nonheritable Pathways to Early Callous-Unemotional Behaviors"
5921:
3931:
3893:
Medilexicon powered by Stedman's, part of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
3160:
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are some of the most notorious characters in film and literature, but their
2430:
in women. It has been suggested that psychopathy in men manifest more as an
1346:
reports that psychopathic behavior is consistent with traits common to some
1279:
Psychopathy, as measured with the PCL-R in institutional settings, shows in
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6188:
6163:"Psychiatric morbidity among sentenced prisoners: prevalence study in Iran"
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G. E. Partridge, The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1930 July; 1(87):53–99
3964:"psycho | Origin and meaning of psycho by Online Etymology Dictionary"
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the social and interpersonal implications of the psychopathic personality.
2079:
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2020:
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1720:
with psychopathy and violence. Since the 1980s, scientists have associated
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1320:
1296:
Studies have suggested a strong correlation between psychopathy scores and
1175:
1040:
957:
858:
741:
651:
376:
12457:
Walker, I. 2005, Psychopaths in Suits, Australian Broadcasting Corporation
12069:
Khalifa NR, Gibbon S, Völlm BA, Cheung NH, McCarthy L (3 September 2020).
11165:
10540:"The Criminal Psychopath: History, Neuroscience, Treatment, and Economics"
9588:
Pridmore S, Chambers A, McArthur M (2005). "Neuroimaging in psychopathy".
8840:
8484:
8062:
6179:
6162:
5333:
Paulhus DL, Williams KM (December 2002). "The Dark Triad of Personality".
5007:
4960:
4552:
4501:
3536:
2569:
The PCL-R score cut-off for a label of psychopathy is 25 out of 40 in the
819:
had also been influential in Europe from 1939 in narrowing the diagnosis.
419:
later re-popularized the construct of psychopathy in criminology with his
14860:
14657:
14632:
14622:
14605:
14556:
14351:
14346:
14093:
13573:
13558:
13402:
13117:
13068:
13038:
12804:
11989:
11365:"Callous–unemotional traits in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder"
9068:"Childhood traumatic experiences and psychopathy: A comprehensive review"
6278:"Flourishing under an abusive boss? You may be a psychopath, study shows"
4710:
4072:
3971:
2832:
2803:
2796:
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2717:
2192:
2141:
2000:
1588:
1359:
1284:
1048:
1033:
835:
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355:
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238:
219:
179:
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9066:
Moreira D, Moreira DS, Barbosa F, Sousa-Gomes V, Fávero M (2021-11-29).
8712:
8538:
8521:
7582:
3220:
2974:
Driessen JM, van Baar JM, Sanfey AG, Glennon JC, Brazil IA (July 2021).
2744:
According to a study from the University of Notre Dame published in the
2476:, a class of mental illnesses that are already traditionally considered
1504:
includes a specifier for those with conduct disorder who also display a
603:
14815:
14637:
14627:
14432:
14407:
14220:
13670:
13646:
13377:
13236:
13226:
13189:
13122:
13097:
12690:
9722:
Beauchaine TP, Klein DN, Crowell SE, Derbidge C, Gatzke-Kopp L (2009).
9366:
9083:
8159:
8140:
7864:
7613:
6665:
6099:
6032:
Mary Ellen O'Toole, Ph.D.; Matt Logan, Ph.D.; and Sharon Smith, Ph.D..
5873:
5739:
Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (2 Volume Set)
5218:
4279:"Locating psychopathy within the domain space of personality pathology"
4240:"Locating psychopathy within the domain space of personality pathology"
3506:
3341:
Skeem JL, Polaschek DL, Patrick CJ, Lilienfeld SO (December 15, 2011).
3000:
2991:
2824:
2820:
2772:
2738:
2643:
1935:
1887:
1433:
1391:
1316:
1123:
1077:
1062:
981:
847:
634:- has been commonly used in compound words since around 1880. The term
431:
427:
307:
223:
171:
75:
13706:
12787:
10933:
10012:
8093:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
6160:
5894:
1934:
to painful stimuli and poor learning of avoiding responses that cause
972:
Psychopathy has been conceptualized as a hybrid condition marked by a
14215:
14205:
13924:
13615:
13137:
13053:
13028:
13023:
10817:
10612:
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
8894:
7517:
7339:
6911:
6760:
6438:
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
5792:
International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
4835:
2847:. The public concept reflects some combination of fear of a mythical
2525:
2136:
2108:
2103:
2092:
2087:
1896:
1883:
1641:
1620:
1429:
1192:
1135:
706:
654:, or antisocial behavior, and may be social or biological in origin.
587:
574:
520:
448:
317:
268:
63:
12665:
Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us
12482:
12355:
12353:
11453:
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
10349:
10291:
9474:
8617:
8314:
Nickerson S. "Brain Abnormalities in Psychopaths: A Meta-Analysis".
7559:
7418:
6091:
4787:
Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us
4155:, M. Hamblin Smith, The British Journal of Psychiatry (1930) 76: 838
3696:
Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us
3106:
Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us
2524:
for this purpose. For example, a study found that the antipsychotic
650:. It was used to indicate that the defining feature is violation of
14702:
14551:
14326:
14240:
14230:
14126:
13955:
12695:
The psychopath whisperer: the science of those without a conscience
12071:"Pharmacological interventions for antisocial personality disorder"
11308:
8874:"Psychopathy increases perceived moral permissibility of accidents"
7003:
6591:
6389:
5344:
3916:"The Concept of Psychosis: Historical and Phenomenological Aspects"
2848:
2811:
2444:
2440:
2348:
2239:
There are currently two widely established systems for classifying
2148:
2145:
2128:
2113:
2083:
2012:
1996:
1970:, among other areas, is implicated in the mechanism of psychopathy.
1891:
1886:
strategy, which may work as long as there is a large population of
1742:
1527:
1445:
1297:
964:
945:
932:
444:
351:
211:
191:
12530:"If you're succeeding under a bully boss, you may be a psychopath"
11210:
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
6128:
6034:
Looking Behind the Mask: Implications for Interviewing Psychopaths
14652:
13920:
Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests
13785:
13656:
13075:
13048:
12986:
12350:
12195:
Nathan James, Kenneth R. Thomas, Cassandra Foley (July 2, 2007).
12019:
3132:
The New Evil: Understanding the Emergence of Modern Violent Crime
2868:
2807:
2780:
2589:
2116:"long" allele, which is generally regarded as protective against
1612:
1592:
1351:
1146:
1065:, that would range from narcissistic personality on the low end,
973:
591:
515:
499:
498:) "suffering, feeling". The first documented use is from 1847 in
447:", and "mentally ill", there is a categorical difference between
347:
343:
207:
203:
71:
12851:
12360:
Board BJ, Fritzon K (2005). "Disordered personalities at work".
9065:
8715:"Neural processing of dynamic facial expressions in psychopaths"
8335:
Yang Y, Raine A, Narr KL, Colletti P, Toga AW (September 2009).
7912:
7845:
Hawes SW, Byrd AL, Waller R, Lynam DR, Pardini DA (2017-01-01).
7710:
3201:(July 1930). "Current Conceptions of Psychopathic Personality".
1852:
is directly correlated with the affective interpersonal factor.
1076:, three personality traits that are together referred to as the
900:
There are multiple conceptualizations of psychopathy, including
81:"Psychopaths" and "Psychopath" redirect here. For the film, see
14770:
14225:
8764:
7539:
7537:
3340:
2609:
2132:
1826:
influence of childhood trauma on the development of psychopathy
1557:
1142:
1130:
Half of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist consists of symptoms of
14255:
12298:
10917:"The Evolution of the Classification of Psychiatric Disorders"
10271:
9954:
9856:
9721:
8572:
6074:"The Sexual Psychopath Act In Practice: A Critical Discussion"
5128:
4684:
Klara Hitler's Son: Reading the Langer Report on Hitler's Mind
4198:"Related to Psychopathy Psychological Disorders and Diagnoses"
14525:
14019:
11488:"Psychopathy in women: theoretical and clinical perspectives"
11450:
11015:
10694:
9687:
Glenn AL, Raine A (2008). "The Neurobiology of Psychopathy".
8816:
8814:
8049:
8047:
3611:
3609:
2973:
2920:"Psychopathic Personality and How It Develops | HealthyPlace"
2840:
2792:
2696:
to have been a strong candidate as a "corporate psychopath".
2593:
2095:
functioning in impulsive aggression and antisocial behavior.
1878:
compensating evolutionary advantages, and researchers within
1848:
is directly correlated with the social deviation factor, and
1501:
1437:
1323:
interventions commonly given to domestic abuse perpetrators.
1131:
1013:
993:
598:
12847:
Understanding The Psychopath: Key Definitions & Research
12127:
Reforming The Mental Health Act, Part II, High risk patients
10533:
10531:
10529:
9072:
Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy
7534:
5129:
Edens JF, Marcus DK, Lilienfeld SO, Poythress NG Jr (2006).
4613:"Psychopathic traits differ between cultures, experts claim"
4108:
International Handbook on Psychopathic Disorders and the Law
3159:
Smith SF, Lilienfeld SO, Coffey K, Dabbs JM (October 2013).
615:, but it is also used as shorthand for psychotic or crazed.
147:
13132:
11861:
Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders. Second Edition.
11089:
7255:
6433:"The Trouble with Psychopathy as a General Theory of Crime"
5895:
Baskin-Sommers A, Stuppy-Sullivan AM, Buckholtz JW (2016).
2856:
2852:
2733:
appraisals among corporate professionals. The psychologist
2367:
2312:
Studies suggest strong comorbidity between psychopathy and
1783:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1616:
1608:
1493:
1401:
In considering the issue of possible reunification of some
1169:
and his colleagues showed that subjects with damage to the
697:
are often used interchangeably, but in some cases the term
150:
144:
129:
11829:"Suffering Souls: The search for the roots of psychopathy"
11739:
11096:
Psychopathy: Theory, Research and Implications for Society
9992:
8811:
8044:
7382:
Treating Non-offending Parents in Child Sexual Abuse Cases
7212:
7175:
5901:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
4804:
4802:
4800:
4601:(2nd ed.). Toronto, ON, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
3606:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3158:
1330:
of psychopathy does not necessarily add value to violence
138:
14800:
12887:
11859:
Beck, Aaron T., Freeman, Arthur, Davis, Denise D. (2006)
10526:
9830:
The Cambridge handbook of violent behavior and aggression
9458:
9134:"Theory based gender differences in psychopathy subtypes"
8871:
8820:
7753:
6644:
Walsh Z, Swogger MT, Walsh T, Kosson DS (December 2007).
4873:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–5,
4521:
4400:
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology
4359:
4237:
2520:
medications, although none have yet been approved by the
2300:
Antisocial Personality Disorder scale. There is also the
1975:
14494:
12145:
12068:
11706:
11704:
11092:"Comorbidity of Psychopathy with Major Mental Disorders"
10430:"Maori 'warrior gene' claims appalling, says geneticist"
9587:
9131:
3648:
2062:
dysfunction, although the specific reasons are unknown.
1591:
from other people, more precisely an impaired emotional
1420:
The possibility of psychopathy has been associated with
846:
in 1943, and which may have been intended to be used as
729:
that have been connected to psychopathic traits include
679:
The term is used in various ways in contemporary usage.
11985:"Antisocial personality disorder: Treatments and drugs"
8713:
Decety L., Skelly L. R., Yoder K. J., Kiehl K. (2014).
8138:
7439:
6643:
6369:
6367:
6365:
5984:
5956:"If It Feels Good to Be Good, It Might Be Only Natural"
5242:
Psychopathy: Antisocial, Criminal, and Violent Behavior
4797:
4043:. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 37.
3425:
1907:. Psychopathy has alternatively been suggested to be a
1572:
12835:
12299:
Coid J, Yang M, Ullrich S, Roberts A, Hare RD (2009).
10976:
10974:
10972:
10970:
10214:
10043:
9647:
2nd edition (ch. 13, pp. 297–332). The Guilford Press.
9630:
2nd edition (ch. 18, pp. 422–455). The Guilford Press.
9544:
8294:
7092:
6373:
4871:
Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences
4824:
Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment
4305:
Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment
2859:
of people who might appear to go through life without
1459:
13317:
After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News
12949:
12627:(5th ed.). Augusta, Georgia: Emily S. Cleckley.
12388:
11701:
10980:
10343:
8616:
Blair RJ, Mitchell D, Richell R, et al. (2002).
8334:
7916:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
7482:
7321:
7093:
Porter S, ten Brinke L, Wilson K (January 10, 2011).
5859:
5736:
5469:
Handbook of individual differences in social behavior
4572:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
2620:
2393:
suggested overlaps between (primary) psychopathy and
2256:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
2206:
1051:, sensation-seeking (in some cases), and aggression.
611:
from 1936, and from 1942 as a shortening of the noun
382:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
135:
126:
14186:
Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act
13514:
12777:
12190:
12188:
11485:
10799:
9344:
9132:
Falkenbach DM, Reinhard EE, Larson FR (2017-01-15).
8615:
7844:
6362:
5761:
4909:"Successful Psychopathy: A Scientific Status Report"
4906:
4136:
Martin Hildebrand, Rozenberg Publishers, 16 Jun 2005
4117:, Volume 1, Alan Felthous, Henning Sass, 15 Apr 2008
3652:
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3043:
948:
and other neurological systems associated with fear.
141:
12256:
11937:
11054:
10967:
8667:
8189:"Psychopathy as a Clinical and Empirical Construct"
8182:
8180:
8178:
5567:
4706:
The Mind of Adolf Hitler: The Secret Wartime Report
4672:
The Shadow Warriors: OSS and the Origins of the CIA
4065:"socio- | Origin and meaning of prefix socio-"
1374:Psychopathy has been associated with commission of
1096:
132:
13289:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy
12564:
11995:Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
11950:. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
11411:
11090:Nedopil N, Hollweg M, Hartmann J, Jaser R (1998).
10914:
10678:"Psychopathy: A Rorschach test for psychologists?"
10046:"The Effects of Sertraline on Psychopathic Traits"
7146:
6740:
6646:"Psychopathy and violence: increasing specificity"
6376:"Psychopathy among prisoners in England and Wales"
6036:in FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, July 2012, p. 14.
5413:
5373:
1582:
1319:and therefore may not be amenable to the types of
642:and in 1930 in the US by educational psychologist
590:or in some other sense markedly out of touch with
13841:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
13393:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
12866:Psychiatric Times, 2007 (nb: inconsistent access)
12466:
12185:
11982:
10422:
9897:
9813:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
9624:Cognitive and emotional processing in psychopathy
8986:"Psychopaths in our midst — what you should know"
8941:
8872:Young L, Koenigs M, Kruepke M, Newman JP (2012).
8821:Koenigs M, Kruepke M, Zeier J, Newman JP (2011).
7941:
7817:"The Science of Preventing Dangerous Psychopathy"
7574:
7262:Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment
6997:Singh JP, Martin G, Seena F (September 2, 2013).
6833:
4983:
4907:Lilienfeld SO, Watts AL, Smith SF (August 2015).
4164:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3086:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
1440:externalization. However, John Horgan, author of
607:has been traced to a shortening of the adjective
369:and the outward appearance of apparent normalcy.
14873:
13736:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
12435:Corporate Psychopaths: Organizational Destroyers
12202:. Congressional Research Service. Archived from
11798:"The Hard Sell for Psychopathy Research Funding"
10887:"International Classification of Diseases (ICD)"
10738:
10401:""Warrior genes" and the disease of being Māori"
9770:
9590:Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
8175:
8141:"Altered connections on the road to psychopathy"
8134:
8132:
8082:
8080:
7605:
6996:
5367:
4642:
2221:
1161:In an experiment published in March 2007 at the
1069:in the middle, and psychopathy at the high end.
10800:Drislane LE, Patrick CJ, Arsal G (2013-12-09).
9350:
7949:"Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5"
6932:
6699:
6244:"A disturbing number of bosses are psychopaths"
5332:
5020:
4864:
4173:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
4086:Current Conceptions of Psychopathic Personality
2183:Psychopathy is most commonly assessed with the
1326:Some clinicians suggest that assessment of the
1240:
701:is preferred because it is less likely than is
524:has meant the study of disease since 1610, and
403:(ICD) subsequently introduced the diagnoses of
12899:What Psychopaths Teach Us about How to Succeed
12220:
11486:Wynn R, Høiseth MH, Pettersen G (2012-06-01).
11050:
11048:
10669:
10488:
10322:
9426:The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
9171:
9169:
9167:
9017:"The role of prefrontal cortex in psychopathy"
8760:
8758:
8061:. The Franklin Institute. 2004. Archived from
7256:Hildebrand M, de Ruiter C, de Vogel V (2004).
7142:
7140:
6784:"Violence Risk: From Prediction to Management"
5459:
5419:
4575:(Fourth, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) ed.).
4041:The Psychopath: Theory, Research, and Practice
3554:
3501:
3024:
2434:pattern while in women it manifests more as a
1486:Terrie Moffitt's developmental theory of crime
1118:spectrum disorders, complex partial seizures,
665:were once used interchangeably in relation to
14510:
14271:
14049:Election denial movement in the United States
12935:
12892:NPR audio, text and expert panel report, 2011
12257:Cooke DJ, Michie C, Hart SD, Hare RD (1999).
12226:
11947:The Pocket Guide to the DSM-5 Diagnostic Exam
10147:
10100:
9682:
9680:
9417:
9300:"Is psychopathy a disorder or an adaptation?"
8962:
8937:
8935:
8933:
8931:
8929:
8661:
8515:
8513:
8511:
8509:
8402:
8400:
8129:
8077:
7379:
6840:Clinician's Guide to Violence Risk Assessment
6827:
6695:
6693:
6639:
6637:
6505:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
6333:
5514:Handbook of interpersonal theory and research
4987:Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
4780:
4778:
4034:
4032:
3644:
3642:
3511:criteria for antisocial personality disorder"
12880:"Can A Test Really Tell Who's A Psychopath?"
12567:Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work
12419:Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go to Work
12359:
11621:
11619:
11617:
11615:
11613:
10915:Surís A, Holliday R, North CS (2016-01-18).
10537:
9639:Hicks, B. M., & Drislane, L. E. (2018).
9616:
8566:
8036:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
7404:
6881:
6490:
6488:
6486:
6484:
5640:
5511:
5239:
4869:, in Zeigler-Hill V, Shackelford TK (eds.),
4599:Manual for the Revised Psychopathy Checklist
4337:Snakes in Suits: When Psychopaths Go To Work
3348:Psychological Science in the Public Interest
3191:
3129:
1866:
1760:Influence of childhood trauma in psychopathy
1084:refers to these traits with the addition of
776:
552:
13269:
12824:Handbook of Psychopathy, 2nd Edition (2018)
12757:. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
12745:Thimble, Michael H.F.R.C.P., F.R.C. Psych.
12534:Ladders | Business News & Career Advice
12309:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry
12075:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
11740:Gregory S, Blair RJ, ffytche D, Simmons A,
11301:
11141:
11057:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry
11045:
11017:the borderline personality disorder?].
10858:"DSM-5: What It Is & What It Diagnoses"
10772:"Triarchic Psychopathy Measure - cplabwiki"
10688:
10603:
10495:Handbook of Personology and Psychopathology
9452:
9297:
9164:
8828:Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
8823:"Utilitarian moral judgment in psychopathy"
8755:
8609:
8559:
8557:
8449:
8406:
8186:
7483:Häkkänen-Nyholm H, Nyholm JO, eds. (2012).
7322:Hawes SW, Boccaccini MT, Murrie DC (2013).
7137:
6583:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry
6494:
6381:International Journal of Law and Psychiatry
6207:"Will the Real Psychopath Please Stand Up?"
5296:
5294:
5061:
4916:Current Directions in Psychological Science
4744:Lifestyle Theory: Past, Present, and Future
2290:Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
1925:
1126:, and, of course, brain damage/dysfunction.
493:
483:
23:
14517:
14503:
14278:
14264:
13721:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines
12942:
12928:
12562:
12415:
12197:"Commitment of Sexually Dangerous Persons"
11976:
11744:, Hodgins S, Blackwood N (February 2015).
11710:
11676:
11544:
11414:"Asperger syndrome and criminal behaviour"
11206:
11177:
11175:
10646:
10392:
9827:
9686:
9677:
9633:
8926:
8506:
8397:
8288:
7852:Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
7485:Psychopathy and Law: A Practitioners Guide
6690:
6634:
6575:
6071:
5465:
4775:
4339:. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers.
4276:
4029:
3639:
3495:
2976:"Moral strategies and psychopathic traits"
2802:Such characters are often portrayed in an
2366:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (
1703:plays an important role in moral behavior.
1222:Arrogant and deceitful interpersonal style
960:systems that are involved in such control.
24:
12747:Psychopathology of Frontal Lobe Syndromes
12146:Paul Harrison, John Geddes (2005-07-18).
12102:
12045:
11625:
11610:
11521:
11503:
11431:
11388:
11339:
11329:
10950:
10932:
10833:
10563:
10375:
10299:
10248:
10077:
10050:International Clinical Psychopharmacology
10020:
9931:
9872:
9747:
9521:
9495:
9327:
9317:
9042:
8902:
8848:
8738:
8537:
8432:
8370:
8158:
8112:
8013:
7913:American Psychiatric Association (2013).
7880:
7789:
7038:
7028:
6901:
6673:
6481:
6178:
5930:
5920:
5268:
5198:
4559:
4542:
3939:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3197:
2999:
2942:
1812:Learn how and when to remove this message
1350:, including sensation seeking, a lack of
1039:Psychopathy has also been linked to high
1023:
14074:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection
12620:
11943:
11915:"Psychopathic Criminals Cannot Be Cured"
11874:
11826:
11083:
10675:
10666:J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 32:408–29, 2004
10325:The British Journal of Forensic Practice
10161:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
10153:
9911:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
9547:Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
8983:
8554:
8237:
7897:
7543:
7055:
6973:
6926:
6788:Handbook of Psychology in Legal Contexts
6781:
5953:
5737:Benjamin S, Virginia S, Pedro R (2017).
5291:
5262:
5233:
4817:
4592:
4590:
4579:. 2000. pp. 645–650. Archived from
4514:
3463:
2945:"Psychopathy as a Personality Construct"
2855:, and fascination and sometimes perhaps
2480:. People with psychopathy are generally
2246:International Classification of Diseases
2172:
1961:
1690:
1595:in the recognition of, and response to,
1506:callous, unemotional interpersonal style
1262:
718:person in the sense of right and wrong.
400:International Classification of Diseases
32:This is an accepted version of this page
13873:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies
12752:
12594:Psychopathic Cultures and Toxic Empires
12460:
12451:
12441:
12426:
12409:
11880:
11492:International Journal of Women's Health
11172:
11009:
10609:
10580:
10538:Kiehl KA, Hoffman MB (1 January 2011).
10398:
9014:
8968:
8210:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091452
6834:Mills JF, Kroner DG, Morgan RD (2011).
6477:from the original on November 19, 2015.
6430:
6339:
6304:
6302:
5832:
5789:
5561:
5534:
5374:Regoli RM, Hewitt JD, DeLisi M (2011).
5300:
4737:
4477:
4434:
4298:
3565:
3440:
3387:from the original on February 22, 2016.
2851:, the disgust and intrigue surrounding
2806:fashion and typically in the role of a
2455:females are rare in forensic settings.
551:concept of "psychopathic inferiority" (
14:
14874:
14761:Complex post-traumatic stress disorder
14000:Attempts to overturn the 2020 election
13791:Soviet influence on the peace movement
13388:Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war
12608:The Psychopath – Emotion and the Brain
12250:
12119:
11243:
11181:
10732:
10586:
9656:
9175:
9138:Personality and Individual Differences
8768:Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
8522:"Neurobiological basis of psychopathy"
7811:
7809:
7511:
7125:from the original on December 30, 2023
6272:
6270:
5641:Jones DN, Paulhus DL (February 2014).
5543:Personality and Individual Differences
5377:Delinquency in Society: The Essentials
4948:
4702:
4696:
4397:
4286:Personality and Individual Differences
4244:Personality and Individual Differences
4165:Fisher KA, Torrico TJ, Hany M (2024),
4103:
4101:
4038:
4010:
4004:
3992:from the original on 19 September 2020
3889:
3887:
3855:
3853:
3822:
3820:
3789:
3787:
3726:
3724:
3627:from the original on September 4, 2013
3402:
3391:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
2671:
2443:of psychopathy. For girls, 75% of the
2370:) is known to be highly comorbid with
2302:Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale
2185:Psychopathy Checklist, Revised (PCL-R)
646:, as an alternative to the concept of
540:from 1891 in the medical literature).
510:has been traced to 1885. In medicine,
302:is accepted, though benefits are weak.
14498:
14259:
14147:
13725:ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign
13513:
13426:
13334:
13268:
12965:
12923:
12832:, PDF of Hervey Cleckley's book, 1988
12720:Prometheus Books, Amherst, NY, 2007,
12689:
12512:
12432:
12292:
12001:from the original on 10 November 2013
11925:from the original on 20 February 2023
11853:
10440:News. August 10, 2006. Archived from
9903:
9538:
9423:
9298:Leedom LJ, Almas LH (December 2012).
9257:Perspectives on Psychological Science
9224:
8519:
8455:
8313:
8086:
7969:from the original on October 19, 2013
7624:from the original on November 3, 2013
7074:from the original on October 28, 2010
6545:
6238:
6236:
6200:
6198:
6156:
6154:
6123:
6121:
6067:
6065:
6044:
6042:
6028:
6026:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5947:
5014:
4677:
4587:
4393:
4391:
4057:
3913:
3907:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3238:
2955:from the original on 5 September 2023
2836:
2737:identifies psychopathy as one of the
1640:Psychopathy has been associated with
1563:Although some studies have suggested
1415:
1234:Impulsive and irresponsible lifestyle
1181:
1141:Psychopathic individuals do not show
751:(1801; "mania without delirium") and
298:Very few accepted treatments. Use of
12658:
12610:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing,
12394:
11964:from the original on January 2, 2017
11912:
11883:"Psychopaths: how can you spot one?"
11778:from the original on 9 February 2018
11362:
11186:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 107.
10981:Blair J, Mitchel D, Blair K (2005).
10599:from the original on March 18, 2012.
9689:Psychiatric Clinics of North America
9641:Variants ("subtypes") of psychopathy
9254:
8973:. Guilford Press. pp. 234, 240.
8575:Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
8317:North American Journal of Psychology
8276:from the original on 26 January 2021
8197:Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
7593:from the original on August 10, 2014
6299:
4784:
4643:Craig L, Browne K, Beech AR (2008).
4596:
4334:
3689:
3590:from the original on 25 January 2021
3487:(2). New York City: MJH Associates.
3469:
3099:
2298:Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory
1765:
1271:, violence, and antisocial behavior.
271:, other psychotic disorders such as
14907:Obsolete terms for mental disorders
13995:1995 CIA disinformation controversy
13205:State-sponsored Internet propaganda
11983:Mayo Clinic staff (12 April 2013).
10196:from the original on 6 October 2016
7806:
7150:Legal and Criminological Psychology
7099:Legal and Criminological Psychology
6980:forensicpsychologist.blogspot.co.uk
6267:
6204:
6139:from the original on 6 January 2021
6072:Hacker FJ, Frym M (December 1955).
4098:
3978:
3884:
3850:
3817:
3784:
3721:
2837:callous and scheming businessperson
2759:Fictional portrayals of psychopaths
2676:
2600:is grounds for detention in secure
1938:, as well as low reactivity in the
1752:
1472:
1460:Childhood and adolescent precursors
1369:
1202:
778:psychopathischen Minderwertigkeiten
683:stated in the popular science book
56:
14438:Psychopathic Personality Inventory
13466:Misinformation related to abortion
11841:from the original on 10 March 2016
11683:American Psychological Association
11223:10.1097/01.CHI.0000070252.24125.CD
10984:Psychopathy, emotion and the brain
10463:"Scientist debunks 'warrior gene'"
8996:from the original on 23 April 2016
8355:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.110
7061:
6894:American Psychological Association
6712:American Psychological Association
6622:from the original on 18 April 2016
6412:from the original on 13 April 2016
6233:
6195:
6151:
6118:
6106:from the original on 16 April 2016
6062:
6039:
6023:
5973:
5862:Psychology, Public Policy, and Law
5336:Journal of Research in Personality
5148:American Psychological Association
5078:American Psychological Association
5033:American Psychological Association
4746:. Nova Publishers. pp. 42–3.
4674:Bradley F Smith. Times Books. 1983
4388:
3491:from the original on May 28, 2013.
3235:
3211:(87). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:
3204:The American Journal of Psychiatry
3165:Journal of Research in Personality
2413:
2294:California Psychological Inventory
2213:Psychopathic Personality Inventory
2207:Psychopathic Personality Inventory
1695:From accidents such as the one of
1409:
925:Psychopathic Personality Inventory
738:description of an unscrupulous man
671:Psychopathic Personality Inventory
554:psychopathische Minderwertigkeiten
57:
14923:
13683:Voluntary Agency Network of Korea
13296:The KGB and Soviet Disinformation
12911:"When Your Child is a Psychopath"
12773:
12470:Behavioral Sciences & the Law
11689:from the original on 8 March 2016
11679:"Treatment for the 'untreatable'"
11419:Advances in Psychiatric Treatment
11412:Dein K, Woodbury-Smith M (2010).
11369:The British Journal of Psychiatry
9514:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.03.012
9462:Behavioral Sciences & the Law
9403:Patrick, Christopher J. (Editor)
8526:The British Journal of Psychiatry
7919:(Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA:
7713:Journal of Individual Differences
7547:Behavioral Sciences & the Law
6710:(3). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:
6650:Netherlands Journal of Psychology
6167:The British Journal of Psychiatry
5741:(10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
4567:"Antisocial personality disorder"
4167:"Antisocial Personality Disorder"
3405:The Oxford Handbook of Psychiatry
2564:
1861:
1635:
1163:University of Southern California
828:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
261:narcissistic personality disorder
14236:United States Information Agency
13515:Operations and events by country
12838:Official web site of Robert Hare
12563:Babiak P, Hare RD (2009-10-13).
12522:
12505:
12139:
12062:
12013:
11906:
11820:
11790:
11733:
11670:
11538:
11479:
11444:
11405:
11356:
11295:
11237:
11200:
11184:The Psychopathy of Everyday Life
11135:
11005:from the original on 2016-03-06.
10908:
10879:
10850:
10793:
10764:
10507:
10316:
10265:
10208:
10094:
10037:
10000:European Journal of Neuroscience
9986:
9972:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.07.025
9948:
9850:
9821:
9764:
9715:
9673:from the original on 2018-02-16.
9650:
9602:10.1111/j.1440-1614.2005.01679.x
9581:
9489:
9438:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02058.x
9397:
9291:
9269:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01138.x
9248:
9218:
9125:
9059:
9008:
8984:Wallisch P (November 17, 2014).
8977:
8922:from the original on 2013-04-06.
8865:
8706:
8502:from the original on 2013-07-21.
8387:
8328:
8307:
8231:
8227:from the original on 2013-09-14.
7981:
7960:American Psychiatric Association
7906:
7838:
7747:
7704:
7636:
7611:
7580:
7505:
7476:
7433:
7398:
7373:
7315:
7249:
7206:
7169:
7086:
7011:(9). San Francisco, California:
6990:
6967:
6875:
6775:
6734:
6569:
6539:
6535:from the original on 2011-12-03.
6445:(2). Thousand Oaks, California:
6424:
4879:10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1075-1
4865:Lilienfeld SO, Watts AL (2016),
4577:American Psychiatric Association
3621:Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders
3355:(3). Thousand Oaks, California:
3213:American Psychiatric Association
2949:American Psychiatric Association
2615:
2573:, instead of 30 as it is in the
2498:behavior modification techniques
2261:American Psychiatric Association
1919:
1833:model and Christopher Patrick's
1770:
1758:This section is an excerpt from
1512:
1398:has consolidated such a result.
1097:Criticism of current conceptions
618:The media usually uses the term
389:), as did American psychologist
122:
14457:
14398:Antisocial personality disorder
14285:
13836:Information war against Ukraine
13383:International Jewish conspiracy
13351:Congo Free State propaganda war
12830:The Mask of Sanity, 5th Edition
12555:
12540:from the original on 2018-02-16
12339:from the original on 2020-11-23
12281:from the original on 2020-08-06
12232:Aggression and Violent Behavior
12170:from the original on 2021-01-25
11895:from the original on 2015-01-09
11599:from the original on 2020-08-06
11284:from the original on 2023-03-07
11120:from the original on 2017-04-04
10897:from the original on 2023-09-20
10868:from the original on 2023-12-30
10782:from the original on 2022-01-06
10477:from the original on 2020-08-07
10174:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.009
9959:Journal of Psychiatric Research
9924:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.07.005
9773:Development and Psychopathology
9728:Development and Psychopathology
9559:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104875
9237:from the original on 2022-09-27
9114:from the original on 2023-03-22
8944:Aggression and Violent Behavior
8781:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.08.006
8650:from the original on 2020-10-12
7921:American Psychiatric Publishing
7827:from the original on 2018-02-16
7693:from the original on 2020-10-14
7362:from the original on 2020-08-25
7304:from the original on 2020-06-16
7068:Federal Bureau of Investigation
6860:from the original on 2017-04-04
6812:from the original on 2017-04-03
6658:Springer Science+Business Media
6576:Glenn AL, Raine A (July 2009).
6558:from the original on 2023-01-30
6322:from the original on 2018-02-16
6288:from the original on 2018-02-16
6256:from the original on 2018-02-16
6221:from the original on 8 May 2016
5888:
5853:
5826:
5783:
5755:
5730:
5721:
5712:
5702:
5692:
5681:from the original on 2023-05-28
5634:
5624:
5614:
5604:
5505:
5490:from the original on 2021-02-25
5444:from the original on 2020-08-19
5420:Campbell WK, Miller JD (2011).
5398:from the original on 2020-08-20
5326:
5192:
5181:from the original on 2020-11-23
5122:
5111:from the original on 2021-01-28
5055:
4977:
4942:
4900:
4858:
4811:
4760:from the original on 2017-03-23
4731:
4665:
4645:Assessing Risk in Sex Offenders
4636:
4625:from the original on 2018-02-16
4605:
4508:
4471:
4428:
4353:
4328:
4311:
4292:
4270:
4231:
4214:
4190:
4158:
4139:
4120:
4079:
3956:
3754:
3683:
3661:Springer Science+Business Media
3543:from the original on 2020-08-06
3047:Development and Psychopathology
2764:
2763:Characters with psychopathy or
2314:antisocial personality disorder
2269:antisocial personality disorder
1957:
1711:
1583:Emotion recognition and empathy
1344:Federal Bureau of Investigation
1151:antisocial personality disorder
795:
667:antisocial personality disorder
514:has a more specific meaning of
412:
405:antisocial personality disorder
257:Antisocial personality disorder
97:antisocial personality disorder
14148:
14064:Information Operations Roadmap
13974:Psychological Warfare Division
13544:Chinese information operations
13493:Water fluoridation controversy
12697:. New York: Crown Publishers.
12087:10.1002/14651858.CD007667.pub3
11145:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
10368:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.08.026
10233:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.09.006
8882:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
8623:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
8425:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.09.013
8342:Archives of General Psychiatry
8006:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.02.014
7774:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15111381
7761:American Journal of Psychiatry
7380:Levenson JS, Morin JW (2000).
6786:. In Carson D, Bull R (eds.).
6703:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
5139:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
5069:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
5024:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
4955:. New York: Psychology Press.
3516:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
3152:
3123:
2980:Journal of Abnormal Psychology
2967:
2936:
2912:
2632:sexually dangerous person laws
2598:dissocial personality disorder
2449:callous and unemotional traits
2400:callous and unemotional traits
2307:
2292:(Psychopathic Deviate scale),
2279:
2273:dissocial personality disorder
2234:
2073:
1952:response modulation hypothesis
1734:ventromedial prefrontal cortex
1686:
1537:ventromedial prefrontal cortex
1258:
1228:Deficient affective experience
1211:
1171:ventromedial prefrontal cortex
1155:dissocial personality disorder
1120:dissociative identity disorder
987:
409:dissocial personality disorder
13:
1:
14542:Adverse childhood experiences
14448:Sadistic personality disorder
14171:Active Measures Working Group
13829:during the Russo-Georgian War
13796:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B
11764:10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00071-6
10104:Journal of Psychopharmacology
8671:Journal of Genetic Psychology
8563:"Psychopathy" by Quinton 2006
8259:10.1080/01639625.2019.1582968
8059:The Franklin Institute Online
7179:Criminal Justice and Behavior
6001:10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.02.053
5382:Jones & Bartlett Learning
5380:. Burlington, Massachusetts:
5353:10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
4402:. Thousand Oaks, California:
3505:, Hart SD, Harpur TJ (1991).
2905:
2752:
2482:unmotivated to seek treatment
2458:
2222:Triarchic Psychopathy Measure
1926:§ Mental characteristics
1914:
873:
721:
625:
14054:The Freedom Fighter's Manual
13731:Fake news in the Philippines
13335:
13103:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt
12374:10.1080/10683160310001634304
11827:Seabrook J (November 2008).
11677:Dingfelder SF (March 2004).
11628:Trauma, Violence & Abuse
11560:(3): 290, 292–294, 296–297.
11331:10.1371/journal.pone.0134331
11104:10.1007/978-94-011-3965-6_12
10062:10.1097/YIC.0b013e32834b80df
9022:Reviews in the Neurosciences
8731:10.1080/17470919.2013.866905
8477:10.1016/0010-0277(95)00676-p
8187:Hare RD, Neumann CS (2008).
7583:"Psychopathy Scales: PCL:YV"
7030:10.1371/journal.pone.0072484
6974:Franklin K (June 19, 2011).
6495:Neumann CS, Hare RD (2008).
6388:(3). Amsterdam, Netherland:
6129:"Frequently asked questions"
5271:Psychobiology of personality
5062:Edens JF, Marcus DK (2006).
4952:The Antisocial Personalities
4494:10.1016/0010-440X(93)90031-X
4013:The Antisocial Personalities
3617:"Hare Psychopathy Checklist"
3130:Stone MH, Brucato G (2019).
3109:. New York: Guilford Press.
2839:, and the chronic low-level
2683:Psychopathy in the workplace
2654:
2649:randomized controlled trials
2637:
2162:
2082:combined with low levels of
2038:connecting the amygdala and
1552:connecting the amygdala and
1541:stimulus-reinforced learning
1517:
1253:
1241:Low anxiety and fearlessness
1072:Psychopathy, narcissism and
844:Office of Strategic Services
804:. In his classic monograph,
567:Stedman's Medical Dictionary
563:National Library of Medicine
465:
7:
14181:Counter Misinformation Team
14176:Counter disinformation unit
13626:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
13113:Forgery as covert operation
12362:Psychology, Crime & Law
12125:The Mental Health Act (UK)
11545:Eisenbarth H (2014-03-01).
11031:10.1016/j.encep.2009.07.004
10587:Minkel JR (June 17, 2010).
10154:Yildirim BO (August 2013).
10117:10.1177/0269881103017002011
9883:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.149
8636:10.1037/0021-843x.111.4.682
8055:"Protect – Watch Your Head"
7514:The Psychology of Terrorism
6943:(3). Oxfordshire, England:
6720:10.1037/0021-843X.111.3.436
5466:Leary MR, Hoyle RH (2009).
5156:10.1037/0021-843X.115.1.131
5086:10.1037/0021-843X.115.1.131
5041:10.1037/0021-843X.113.4.626
3904:Retrieved January 21st 2012
3881:Retrieved January 21st 2012
3832:Online Etymology Dictionary
3799:Online Etymology Dictionary
3766:Online Etymology Dictionary
3736:Online Etymology Dictionary
3529:10.1037/0021-843X.100.3.391
2878:
2746:Journal of Business Ethics,
2533:in other mental disorders.
2463:
2296:(Socialization scale), and
2284:There are some traditional
1442:The Psychology of Terrorism
1307:Studies on perpetrators of
1291:
878:
822:The diagnostic category of
90:Psychopath (disambiguation)
10:
14928:
14191:The Disinformation Project
13621:Propaganda in Nazi Germany
12977:Algorithmic radicalization
12857:The Paradox of Psychopathy
12596:Frontline Noir, Edinburgh
12416:Baibak P, Hare RD (2007).
12322:10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.01.002
11921:. Sussex Publishers, LLC.
11802:Center for Science and Law
11465:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.03.014
11158:10.1037/0021-843X.99.4.430
11069:10.1016/j.ijlp.2004.03.005
9834:Cambridge University Press
9643:. In C. J. Patrick (Ed.),
9626:. In C. J. Patrick (Ed.),
9150:10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.023
9035:10.1515/revneuro-2012-0036
8238:Sharratt K (22 Feb 2019).
7614:"Psychopathy Scales: APSD"
7274:10.1177/107906320401600101
6936:Clinical Psychology Review
6600:10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.04.002
6518:10.1037/0022-006X.76.5.893
6398:10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.02.008
5954:Vedantam S (28 May 2007).
5555:10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.020
5308:. New Haven, Connecticut:
5275:Cambridge University Press
5000:10.1037/0022-006X.62.2.387
4449:10.1177/0957154X9901003706
4256:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110124
3056:Cambridge University Press
2756:
2680:
2545:settings, particularly in
2210:
2176:
1923:
1870:
1757:
1681:callous-unemotional traits
1670:
1476:
1413:
458:
454:
342:characterized by impaired
216:psychological manipulation
94:
80:
61:
14751:Abusive power and control
14733:
14532:
14524:
14466:
14390:
14314:
14293:
14154:
14143:
14114:
14108:Bolivarian Army of Trolls
14102:
14084:Tobacco industry playbook
14015:CIA Kennedy assassination
13987:
13933:
13907:
13895:
13809:
13756:
13744:
13713:
13701:
13689:
13677:
13665:
13634:
13608:
13596:
13536:
13524:
13520:
13509:
13341:
13330:
13275:
13264:
13148:Manipulation (psychology)
12972:
12966:
12961:
12870:Into the Mind of a Killer
12795:
12781:
12646:The Wisdom of Psychopaths
12244:10.1016/j.avb.2013.06.003
12149:Lecture Notes: Psychiatry
12038:10.1017/S1092852914000157
11566:10.1007/s00115-013-3902-9
11433:10.1192/apt.bp.107.005082
11381:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.159863
11262:10.1017/S0033291706008853
11256:(12). et al.: 1789–1798.
10891:World Health Organization
10776:patrickcnslab.psy.fsu.edu
10407:(2): 1–11. Archived from
9904:Glenn AL (January 2011).
9785:10.1017/S0954579405050546
9740:10.1017/S0954579409000418
9701:10.1016/j.psc.2008.03.004
9231:Psypost - Psychology News
8956:10.1016/j.avb.2011.03.009
8684:10.1080/00221320109597961
7725:10.1027/1614-0001/a000090
7454:10.1017/S1092852917000645
7013:Public Library of Science
6953:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.11.009
6552:Psypost - Psychology News
6431:Walters GD (April 2004).
6215:University of North Texas
6048:See Section 1 of the act
5988:Physiology & Behavior
4374:10.1037/1040-3590.14.1.27
3669:10.1007/s10862-009-9147-z
3566:Andrade J (23 Mar 2009).
3177:10.1016/j.jrp.2013.05.006
3064:10.1017/S0954579409000492
3054:(3). Cambridge, England:
2610:traditional incarceration
2490:pharmacological therapies
2251:World Health Organization
2227:total psychopathy score.
2154:Findings have also shown
2140:found that a large 2D:4D
2007:, anterior and posterior
1867:Evolutionary explanations
1556:. There is evidence from
826:in early editions of the
740:by the Greek philosopher
494:
484:
316:
306:
294:
286:
250:
237:
229:
185:
165:
114:
109:
14826:Psychological projection
14688:Referee and umpire abuse
14196:East StratCom Task Force
14010:9/11 conspiracy theories
13007:List of cognitive biases
12606:Blair, J. et al. (2005)
12275:10.1037/1040-3590.11.1.3
12263:Psychological Assessment
11881:Chivers T (2014-04-06).
11640:10.1177/1524838006288929
10806:Psychological Assessment
10710:10.1177/1073191111402460
10624:10.1177/0306624X03259472
10221:Psychoneuroendocrinology
9496:Yang Y, Raine A (2009).
9319:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00549
8969:Patrick CJ, ed. (2005).
7328:Psychological Assessment
7192:10.1177/0093854808327277
7163:10.1348/135532508X284310
7111:10.1348/135532508X284310
6455:10.1177/0306624X03259472
6340:Patrick CJ, ed. (2005).
5804:10.1177/0306624X03259472
5765:J Am Acad Psychiatry Law
5659:10.1177/1073191113514105
5582:10.1177/0956797613490749
4949:Lykken DT (1995-05-01).
4928:10.1177/0963721415580297
4535:10.1136/bmj.309.6958.826
4481:Comprehensive Psychiatry
4362:Psychological Assessment
3365:10.1177/1529100611426706
2621:"Sexual psychopath" laws
2536:
2167:
2144:, an indication of high
1940:autonomic nervous system
1724:, such as damage to the
1716:Researchers have linked
1658:
1567:between psychopathy and
1392:deviant sexual interests
1267:Psychopathy is strongly
773:psychopathic inferiority
333:psychopathic personality
281:schizoaffective disorder
62:Not to be confused with
39:latest accepted revision
14122:Public opinion brigades
14079:Niger uranium forgeries
14069:Litter boxes in schools
13439:COVID-19 misinformation
13361:Free energy suppression
13270:Books and documentaries
13044:Euphemistic misspeaking
11913:Bonn SA (August 2014).
11713:Handbook of psychopathy
11316:(9). et al.: e0134331.
9787:(inactive 2024-09-18).
9645:Handbook of psychopathy
9628:Handbook of psychopathy
9622:Patrick, C. J. (2018).
9553:. Elsevier BV: 104875.
9405:Handbook of Psychopathy
9305:Frontiers in Psychology
8971:Handbook of Psychopathy
8587:10.1023/A:1012277125119
8297:Handbook of psychopathy
7663:10.1023/a:1025787019702
7227:10.1023/A:1025461421791
6892:(5). Washington, D.C.:
6546:Dolan EW (2023-01-28).
6342:Handbook of Psychopathy
5922:10.1073/pnas.1609985113
5146:(1). Washington, D.C.:
5076:(1). Washington, D.C.:
5031:(4). Washington, D.C.:
4740:"Hitler the Psychopath"
4299:Patrick C (July 2016).
3443:Handbook of Psychopathy
3409:Oxford University Press
2486:Handbook of Psychopathy
2385:substance use disorders
2193:William and Joan McCord
2118:internalizing disorders
1880:evolutionary psychology
1873:Evolutionary psychiatry
1699:, it is known that the
1416:§ In the workplace
824:sociopathic personality
812:Veterans Administration
769:intellectual disability
530:has meant the study of
290:Proper care of children
14453:Sexual sadism disorder
14413:History of psychopathy
14382:Superficially charming
13868:2016 Brexit referendum
13217:Scientific fabrication
13128:Historical negationism
12852:Psychopathy Is website
12842:Philpapers Psychopathy
12136:Accessed June 26, 2006
11375:(5). et al.: 392–399.
11250:Psychological Medicine
10473:. September 12, 2009.
10438:The New Zealand Herald
10337:10.5042/bjfp.2010.0183
9860:Psychological Bulletin
9354:Psychological Bulletin
9225:Manis E (2022-09-13).
8105:10.1098/rstb.2008.0027
7215:Law and Human Behavior
6986:on September 23, 2013.
6885:Psychological Bulletin
6796:10.1002/0470013397.ch5
5273:. Cambridge, England:
5202:Journal of Personality
4398:Wenzel A, ed. (2017).
4277:Lilienfeld SO (2020).
3920:Schizophrenia Bulletin
2583:Mental Health Act 2007
2428:openness to experience
2351:disorders in general,
2271:(ASPD) in the DSM and
2259:(DSM) produced by the
2249:(ICD) produced by the
1971:
1792:by rewriting it in an
1722:traumatic brain injury
1704:
1533:traumatic brain injury
1272:
1128:
1024:Personality dimensions
902:Cleckleyan psychopathy
888:
777:
771:. He applied the term
553:
461:History of psychopathy
265:sexual sadism disorder
252:Differential diagnosis
88:. For other uses, see
59:Mental health disorder
14796:Just-world hypothesis
14547:Anti-social behaviour
14443:Psychopathy Checklist
14322:Anti-social behaviour
14164:Fact-checking website
13969:Operation Mass Appeal
13951:Clockwork Orange plot
13461:Mental illness denial
13356:Climate change denial
13173:Psychological warfare
13143:Internet manipulation
13108:Firehose of falsehood
13034:Disinformation attack
11751:The Lancet Psychiatry
9187:Karolinska Institutet
7994:Biological Psychiatry
7489:John Wiley & Sons
6836:"Psychopathic Traits"
6180:10.1192/bjp.188.2.159
6079:California Law Review
5570:Psychological Science
5310:Yale University Press
4961:10.4324/9780203763551
4649:John Wiley & Sons
4437:History of Psychiatry
3932:10.1093/schbul/sbm136
3507:"Psychopathy and the
3134:. Amherst, New York:
2885:Collective narcissism
2795:stories, and some of
2602:psychiatric hospitals
2474:personality disorders
2410:in sample selection.
2337:personality disorders
2197:as a theoretical tool
2179:Psychopathy Checklist
2173:Psychopathy Checklist
2159:needed in this area.
1965:
1694:
1629:extrastriate cortical
1565:inverse relationships
1269:correlated with crime
1266:
1112:bipolar mood disorder
1107:
927:(PPI) to this model.
921:Psychopathy Checklist
883:
863:probably a psychopath
832:Psychopathy Checklist
565:. On the other hand,
421:Psychopathy Checklist
14912:Behavioural sciences
14831:Psychological trauma
14418:Juvenile delinquency
13303:Who's Who in the CIA
12156:. pp. 163–165.
12154:Blackwell Publishing
11863:The Guilford Press.
10444:on February 23, 2013
8407:Kiehl K. A. (2006).
8146:Molecular Psychiatry
6751:(3). New York City:
6656:(4). New York City:
6590:(4). New York City:
5343:(6). New York City:
5312:. pp. 130–153.
5269:Zuckerman M (1991).
5209:(6). New York City:
4867:"Fearless Dominance"
4818:Blonigen DM (2013).
4015:. Psychology Press.
3659:(2). New York City:
3473:(February 1, 1996).
2943:Blackburn R (2005).
2924:www.healthyplace.com
2863:and unencumbered by
2345:obsessive–compulsive
2060:orbitofrontal cortex
2040:orbitofrontal cortex
2005:parahippocampal gyri
1974:Thanks to advancing
1968:orbitofrontal cortex
1730:orbitofrontal cortex
1676:Genetically informed
1554:orbitofrontal cortex
1522:Dysfunctions in the
1067:malignant narcissism
1057:, from a particular
1047:and responsibility,
910:criminal psychopathy
705:to be confused with
474:is a joining of the
441:fictional portrayals
277:schizotypal disorder
14902:Forensic psychology
14741:Abusive supervision
14668:Psychological abuse
14643:Institutional abuse
14479:George E. Partridge
14005:Conspiracy theories
13946:Double-Cross System
13915:Conspiracy theories
13776:Operation INFEKTION
13564:Internet Water Army
13418:Strategy of tension
13283:by Ion Mihai Pacepa
13168:Post-truth politics
12904:Scientific American
12621:Cleckley H (1988).
12592:Black, Will (2014)
11944:Nussbaum A (2013).
11888:The Daily Telegraph
11719:. pp. 555–72.
11505:10.2147/IJWH.S25518
11322:2015PLoSO..1034331O
11098:. pp. 257–68.
10921:Behavioral Sciences
10676:Franklin K (2011).
10653:Dorothy Otnow Lewis
10356:Psychiatry Research
10279:Nature Neuroscience
9836:. pp. 170–86.
9502:Psychiatry Research
8841:10.1093/scan/nsr048
8719:Social Neuroscience
8539:10.1192/bjp.182.1.5
8413:Psychiatry Research
8303:. pp. 401–421.
8153:(10): 946–53, 907.
7821:World of Psychology
7407:Behavioral Sciences
7384:. SAGE. p. 7.
7021:2013PLoSO...872484S
6790:. pp. 127–42.
6782:Heilbrun K (2005).
6744:Aggressive Behavior
5960:The Washington Post
5913:2016PNAS..11314438B
5907:(50): 14438–14443.
5520:. pp. 249–67.
5248:. pp. 171–87.
4738:Walters GD (2006).
4703:Langer WC (1972) .
4515:Bluglass R (1994).
4222:"DSM-5 Section III"
4075:on August 22, 2012.
3974:on August 23, 2012.
3574:Springer Publishing
3407:. Oxford, England:
3221:10.1176/ajp.87.1.53
2900:Violence and autism
2845:juvenile delinquent
2672:Society and culture
2612:is often not used.
2596:, the diagnosis of
2423:for men and women.
2347:disorders, but not
2156:monoamine oxidase A
1966:Dysfunction of the
1546:uncinate fasciculus
1103:Dorothy Otnow Lewis
644:George E. Partridge
391:George E. Partridge
176:clinical psychology
29:Page version status
14821:Playing the victim
14713:Surveillance abuse
14663:Professional abuse
14584:Cruelty to animals
14474:Hervey M. Cleckley
14367:Pathological lying
14337:Diminished empathy
13901:HIV/AIDS denialism
13878:Trolls from Olgino
13652:Paid news in India
13642:Fake news in India
13456:HIV/AIDS denialism
13310:Merchants of Doubt
13183:Military deception
13158:Media manipulation
12997:Circular reporting
12862:2013-04-15 at the
12836:Without Conscience
12796:External resources
12753:Widiger T (1995).
12624:The Mask of Sanity
12132:2005-11-17 at the
11302:O'Nions E (2015).
10662:2020-11-23 at the
10593:Scientific America
10519:2017-04-04 at the
10500:2017-04-04 at the
9695:(3): 463–75, vii.
9410:2017-04-03 at the
9367:10.1037/bul0000024
9084:10.1037/tra0001191
9015:Koenigs M (2012).
8160:10.1038/mp.2009.40
7865:10.1111/jcpp.12598
7618:Without Conscience
7587:Without Conscience
6846:. pp. 55–64.
6666:10.1007/BF03061075
6348:. pp. 440–3.
6055:2015-04-23 at the
5874:10.1037/law0000239
5219:10.1111/jopy.12124
4689:2020-08-06 at the
4151:2015-10-01 at the
4132:2017-04-04 at the
4113:2017-01-03 at the
4091:2018-11-16 at the
4011:Lykken DT (1995).
3988:. Dictionary.com.
3900:2013-04-04 at the
3877:2014-01-06 at the
3866:2014-01-06 at the
3441:Patrick C (2005).
3411:. pp. 448–9.
3138:. pp. 48–52.
2992:10.1037/abn0000675
2478:difficult to treat
2391:Michael Fitzgerald
2376:executive function
1972:
1854:Gender differences
1794:encyclopedic style
1781:is written like a
1738:autonomic response
1705:
1664:Behavioral genetic
1597:facial expressions
1454:white collar crime
1283:small to moderate
1273:
1182:Signs and symptoms
1167:Antonio R. Damasio
807:The Mask of Sanity
373:Hervey M. Cleckley
200:pathological lying
35:
14869:
14868:
14846:Traumatic bonding
14492:
14491:
14467:Notable theorists
14253:
14252:
14249:
14248:
14139:
14138:
14135:
14134:
14089:Operation Shocker
13891:
13890:
13771:K-1000 battleship
13602:Operation Neptune
13505:
13504:
13501:
13500:
13326:
13325:
13260:
13259:
13252:Yellow journalism
13200:counterpropaganda
13081:List of fallacies
13014:Conspiracy theory
12982:Alternative facts
12819:
12818:
12764:978-0-911907-21-6
12737:978-1-63388-532-5
12704:978-0-7704-3584-4
12679:978-1-57230-451-2
12653:978-0-374-70910-5
12616:978-0-631-23335-0
12582:978-0-06-114789-0
12433:Boddy CR (2011).
12163:978-1-4051-1869-9
11957:978-1-58562-466-9
11869:978-1-59385-476-8
11726:978-1-59385-591-8
11244:Rogers J (2006).
11193:978-0-275-98798-5
11182:Kantor M (2006).
11113:978-0-7923-4920-4
10998:978-0-631-23336-7
10991:. pp. 25–7.
10934:10.3390/bs6010005
10752:Missing or empty
10013:10.1111/ejn.12744
10007:(12): 3735–3745.
9843:978-0-521-60785-8
9657:Sophia W (2012).
9196:978-91-7549-910-9
9176:Sörman K (2015).
8775:(10): 2288–2304.
8520:Blair RJ (2003).
8099:(1503): 2557–65.
7956:DSM-5 Development
7934:978-0-89042-555-8
7650:Behavior Genetics
7527:978-0-7146-5262-7
7512:Horgan J (2005).
7498:978-0-470-97238-0
7391:978-0-7619-2192-9
6853:978-1-60623-985-8
6842:. New York City:
6805:978-0-470-01339-7
6447:SAGE Publications
6355:978-1-59385-591-8
6344:. New York City:
5748:978-1-4511-0047-1
5527:978-1-118-00186-8
5516:. New York City:
5483:978-1-59385-647-2
5472:. New York City:
5437:978-1-118-02924-4
5426:. New York City:
5391:978-0-7637-7790-6
5319:978-0-300-10180-5
5284:978-0-521-35942-9
5255:978-1-57230-864-0
4970:978-0-203-76355-1
4888:978-3-319-28099-8
4753:978-1-60021-033-4
4724:978-0-465-04620-1
4658:978-0-470-01898-9
4413:978-1-4833-6582-4
4404:SAGE Publications
4346:978-0-06-083772-3
4050:978-0-8058-6079-5
4039:Rutter S (2007).
4022:978-0-8058-1941-0
3714:978-1-57230-451-2
3699:. New York City:
3583:978-0-8261-9904-1
3572:. New York City:
3480:Psychiatric Times
3456:978-1-60623-804-2
3418:978-0-19-852783-1
3403:Semple D (2005).
3145:978-1-63388-532-5
3116:978-1-57230-451-2
2769:characterizations
2726:corporate culture
2606:Mental Health Act
2395:Asperger syndrome
2380:Anxiety disorders
2286:personality tests
2048:statistical power
1942:as measured with
1822:
1821:
1814:
1726:prefrontal cortex
1701:prefrontal cortex
1524:prefrontal cortex
1309:domestic violence
1030:conscientiousness
923:(PCL, PCL-R) and
630:The word element
537:pathological liar
451:and psychopathy.
367:superficial charm
326:
325:
210:, inclination to
196:superficial charm
104:Medical condition
47:18 September 2024
26:
16:(Redirected from
14919:
14887:1840s neologisms
14708:Structural abuse
14683:Police brutality
14589:Disability abuse
14519:
14512:
14505:
14496:
14495:
14423:Machiavellianism
14403:Conduct disorder
14306:In the workplace
14280:
14273:
14266:
14257:
14256:
14145:
14144:
13964:MMR autism fraud
13847:On US elections
13781:Operation Toucan
13754:
13753:
13522:
13521:
13511:
13510:
13476:anti-vaccination
13424:
13423:
13371:Holocaust denial
13346:Bermuda Triangle
13332:
13331:
13266:
13265:
13195:black propaganda
13163:Potemkin village
13088:False accusation
13064:list of websites
12963:
12962:
12944:
12937:
12930:
12921:
12920:
12894:
12826:on Google Books.
12779:
12778:
12768:
12708:
12683:
12638:
12589:
12587:snakes in suits.
12571:. New York, NY:
12570:
12549:
12548:
12546:
12545:
12526:
12520:
12518:
12513:James O (2013),
12509:
12503:
12502:
12464:
12458:
12455:
12449:
12445:
12439:
12438:
12430:
12424:
12423:
12413:
12407:
12406:
12398:Psychology Today
12392:
12386:
12385:
12357:
12348:
12347:
12345:
12344:
12338:
12305:
12296:
12290:
12289:
12287:
12286:
12254:
12248:
12247:
12224:
12218:
12217:
12215:
12214:
12208:
12201:
12192:
12183:
12182:
12176:
12175:
12143:
12137:
12123:
12117:
12116:
12106:
12066:
12060:
12059:
12049:
12017:
12011:
12010:
12008:
12006:
11980:
11974:
11973:
11971:
11969:
11941:
11935:
11934:
11932:
11930:
11919:Psychology Today
11910:
11904:
11903:
11901:
11900:
11878:
11872:
11857:
11851:
11850:
11848:
11846:
11824:
11818:
11817:
11815:
11813:
11808:on 10 March 2016
11804:. Archived from
11794:
11788:
11787:
11785:
11783:
11737:
11731:
11730:
11708:
11699:
11698:
11696:
11694:
11674:
11668:
11667:
11623:
11608:
11607:
11605:
11604:
11598:
11551:
11542:
11536:
11535:
11525:
11507:
11483:
11477:
11476:
11448:
11442:
11441:
11435:
11409:
11403:
11402:
11392:
11363:Leno VC (2015).
11360:
11354:
11353:
11343:
11333:
11299:
11293:
11292:
11290:
11289:
11241:
11235:
11234:
11204:
11198:
11197:
11179:
11170:
11169:
11139:
11133:
11132:
11126:
11125:
11087:
11081:
11080:
11052:
11043:
11042:
11013:
11007:
11006:
10978:
10965:
10964:
10954:
10936:
10912:
10906:
10905:
10903:
10902:
10883:
10877:
10876:
10874:
10873:
10862:Cleveland Clinic
10854:
10848:
10847:
10837:
10818:10.1037/a0035152
10797:
10791:
10790:
10788:
10787:
10768:
10762:
10761:
10755:
10750:
10748:
10740:
10736:
10730:
10729:
10692:
10686:
10685:
10673:
10667:
10650:
10644:
10643:
10607:
10601:
10600:
10584:
10578:
10577:
10567:
10535:
10524:
10511:
10505:
10492:
10486:
10485:
10483:
10482:
10459:
10453:
10452:
10450:
10449:
10426:
10420:
10419:
10417:
10416:
10399:Hook GR (2009).
10396:
10390:
10389:
10379:
10347:
10341:
10340:
10320:
10314:
10313:
10303:
10269:
10263:
10262:
10252:
10212:
10206:
10205:
10203:
10201:
10168:(7): 1254–1296.
10151:
10145:
10144:
10098:
10092:
10091:
10081:
10041:
10035:
10034:
10024:
9990:
9984:
9983:
9952:
9946:
9945:
9935:
9901:
9895:
9894:
9876:
9854:
9848:
9847:
9825:
9819:
9818:
9812:
9804:
9768:
9762:
9761:
9751:
9719:
9713:
9712:
9684:
9675:
9674:
9654:
9648:
9637:
9631:
9620:
9614:
9613:
9585:
9579:
9578:
9542:
9536:
9535:
9525:
9493:
9487:
9486:
9456:
9450:
9449:
9421:
9415:
9401:
9395:
9394:
9361:(6): 1145–1177.
9348:
9342:
9341:
9331:
9321:
9295:
9289:
9288:
9252:
9246:
9245:
9243:
9242:
9222:
9216:
9215:
9213:
9211:
9206:on 15 April 2015
9205:
9199:. Archived from
9184:
9173:
9162:
9161:
9129:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9119:
9078:(8): 1281–1287.
9063:
9057:
9056:
9046:
9012:
9006:
9005:
9003:
9001:
8992:. Elsevier B.V.
8990:Elsevier Connect
8981:
8975:
8974:
8966:
8960:
8959:
8939:
8924:
8923:
8921:
8906:
8895:10.1037/a0027489
8878:
8869:
8863:
8862:
8852:
8818:
8809:
8808:
8762:
8753:
8752:
8742:
8710:
8704:
8703:
8665:
8659:
8658:
8656:
8655:
8613:
8607:
8606:
8570:
8564:
8561:
8552:
8551:
8541:
8517:
8504:
8503:
8501:
8462:
8456:Blair R (1995).
8453:
8447:
8446:
8436:
8419:(2–3): 107–128.
8404:
8395:
8391:
8385:
8384:
8374:
8332:
8326:
8325:
8311:
8305:
8304:
8299:(2nd ed.).
8292:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8281:
8275:
8247:Deviant Behavior
8244:
8235:
8229:
8228:
8226:
8193:
8184:
8173:
8172:
8162:
8136:
8127:
8126:
8116:
8087:Blair R (2008).
8084:
8075:
8074:
8072:
8070:
8051:
8042:
8041:
8035:
8027:
8017:
7985:
7979:
7978:
7976:
7974:
7968:
7953:
7945:
7939:
7938:
7910:
7904:
7901:
7895:
7894:
7884:
7842:
7836:
7835:
7833:
7832:
7813:
7804:
7803:
7793:
7751:
7745:
7744:
7708:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7698:
7640:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7629:
7609:
7603:
7602:
7600:
7598:
7578:
7572:
7571:
7541:
7532:
7531:
7509:
7503:
7502:
7480:
7474:
7473:
7437:
7431:
7430:
7402:
7396:
7395:
7377:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7367:
7340:10.1037/a0030391
7319:
7313:
7312:
7310:
7309:
7253:
7247:
7246:
7210:
7204:
7203:
7173:
7167:
7166:
7144:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7130:
7090:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7079:
7059:
7053:
7052:
7042:
7032:
6994:
6988:
6987:
6982:. Archived from
6971:
6965:
6964:
6930:
6924:
6923:
6912:10.1037/a0020473
6905:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6866:
6865:
6831:
6825:
6824:
6818:
6817:
6779:
6773:
6772:
6761:10.1002/ab.20185
6738:
6732:
6731:
6697:
6688:
6687:
6677:
6641:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6627:
6573:
6567:
6566:
6564:
6563:
6543:
6537:
6536:
6534:
6501:
6492:
6479:
6478:
6428:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6417:
6371:
6360:
6359:
6337:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6327:
6315:Business Insider
6306:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6293:
6274:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6261:
6240:
6231:
6230:
6228:
6226:
6211:research.unt.edu
6202:
6193:
6192:
6182:
6158:
6149:
6148:
6146:
6144:
6125:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6111:
6069:
6060:
6046:
6037:
6030:
6021:
6020:
5982:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5966:
5951:
5945:
5944:
5934:
5924:
5892:
5886:
5885:
5857:
5851:
5850:
5835:Medicine and Law
5830:
5824:
5823:
5787:
5781:
5780:
5759:
5753:
5752:
5734:
5728:
5725:
5719:
5716:
5710:
5706:
5700:
5696:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5686:
5638:
5632:
5628:
5622:
5618:
5612:
5608:
5602:
5601:
5565:
5559:
5558:
5538:
5532:
5531:
5509:
5503:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5450:
5449:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5404:
5403:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5330:
5324:
5323:
5298:
5289:
5288:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5196:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5180:
5135:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5116:
5110:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5018:
5012:
5011:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4913:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4836:10.1037/a0027152
4815:
4809:
4806:
4795:
4794:
4789:. New York, NY:
4785:Hare RD (1993).
4782:
4773:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4700:
4694:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4662:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4597:Hare RD (2003).
4594:
4585:
4584:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4546:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4406:. p. 2744.
4395:
4386:
4385:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4283:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4162:
4156:
4143:
4137:
4124:
4118:
4105:
4096:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4071:. Archived from
4061:
4055:
4054:
4036:
4027:
4026:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3970:. Archived from
3960:
3954:
3953:
3943:
3914:Burgy M (2008).
3911:
3905:
3891:
3882:
3857:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3834:. Archived from
3824:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3801:. Archived from
3791:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3768:. Archived from
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3738:. Archived from
3728:
3719:
3718:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3646:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3613:
3604:
3603:
3597:
3595:
3563:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3438:
3423:
3422:
3400:
3389:
3388:
3338:
3233:
3232:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3136:Prometheus Books
3127:
3121:
3120:
3097:
3084:
3083:
3041:
3022:
3021:
3003:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2916:
2890:Moral psychology
2677:In the workplace
2543:criminal justice
2518:mood-stabilizing
2421:factor structure
2404:conduct problems
2372:conduct disorder
2241:mental disorders
2201:real-world usage
2068:startle response
2009:cingulate cortex
1944:skin conductance
1817:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1774:
1773:
1766:
1753:Childhood trauma
1728:, including the
1539:may also impair
1479:Conduct disorder
1473:Conduct disorder
1370:Sexual offending
1364:need for control
1203:Primary features
1197:conduct disorder
1074:Machiavellianism
896:
855:Walter C. Langer
780:
727:Ancient writings
556:
497:
496:
487:
486:
436:criminal justice
157:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
107:
106:
21:
14927:
14926:
14922:
14921:
14920:
14918:
14917:
14916:
14872:
14871:
14870:
14865:
14841:Rationalization
14776:Destabilisation
14729:
14693:Religious abuse
14528:
14523:
14493:
14488:
14462:
14428:Macdonald triad
14386:
14315:Characteristics
14310:
14289:
14284:
14254:
14245:
14150:
14131:
14110:
14098:
13983:
13979:Zinoviev letter
13929:
13903:
13887:
13811:Post-Soviet era
13805:
13766:Active Measures
13749:
13740:
13709:
13697:
13685:
13673:
13661:
13630:
13604:
13592:
13532:
13530:Jihadunspun.com
13516:
13497:
13422:
13398:New World Order
13366:Genocide denial
13337:
13322:
13271:
13256:
13178:Memetic warfare
12968:
12957:
12948:
12878:
12864:Wayback Machine
12820:
12815:
12814:
12791:
12790:
12776:
12771:
12765:
12712:Oakley, Barbara
12705:
12680:
12635:
12583:
12558:
12553:
12552:
12543:
12541:
12528:
12527:
12523:
12510:
12506:
12483:10.1002/bsl.925
12465:
12461:
12456:
12452:
12446:
12442:
12431:
12427:
12414:
12410:
12393:
12389:
12358:
12351:
12342:
12340:
12336:
12303:
12297:
12293:
12284:
12282:
12255:
12251:
12225:
12221:
12212:
12210:
12206:
12199:
12193:
12186:
12173:
12171:
12164:
12144:
12140:
12134:Wayback Machine
12124:
12120:
12081:(9): CD007667.
12067:
12063:
12018:
12014:
12004:
12002:
11981:
11977:
11967:
11965:
11958:
11942:
11938:
11928:
11926:
11911:
11907:
11898:
11896:
11879:
11875:
11858:
11854:
11844:
11842:
11825:
11821:
11811:
11809:
11796:
11795:
11791:
11781:
11779:
11738:
11734:
11727:
11709:
11702:
11692:
11690:
11675:
11671:
11624:
11611:
11602:
11600:
11596:
11549:
11543:
11539:
11484:
11480:
11449:
11445:
11410:
11406:
11361:
11357:
11300:
11296:
11287:
11285:
11242:
11238:
11205:
11201:
11194:
11180:
11173:
11140:
11136:
11123:
11121:
11114:
11088:
11084:
11053:
11046:
11014:
11010:
10999:
10989:Wiley-Blackwell
10979:
10968:
10913:
10909:
10900:
10898:
10885:
10884:
10880:
10871:
10869:
10856:
10855:
10851:
10798:
10794:
10785:
10783:
10770:
10769:
10765:
10753:
10751:
10742:
10741:
10737:
10733:
10693:
10689:
10674:
10670:
10664:Wayback Machine
10651:
10647:
10608:
10604:
10585:
10581:
10536:
10527:
10521:Wayback Machine
10512:
10508:
10502:Wayback Machine
10493:
10489:
10480:
10478:
10461:
10460:
10456:
10447:
10445:
10428:
10427:
10423:
10414:
10412:
10397:
10393:
10348:
10344:
10321:
10317:
10292:10.1038/nn.2510
10270:
10266:
10213:
10209:
10199:
10197:
10152:
10148:
10099:
10095:
10042:
10038:
9991:
9987:
9953:
9949:
9902:
9898:
9874:10.1.1.326.8003
9855:
9851:
9844:
9826:
9822:
9806:
9805:
9769:
9765:
9720:
9716:
9685:
9678:
9655:
9651:
9638:
9634:
9621:
9617:
9586:
9582:
9543:
9539:
9494:
9490:
9475:10.1002/bsl.802
9457:
9453:
9422:
9418:
9412:Wayback Machine
9402:
9398:
9349:
9345:
9296:
9292:
9253:
9249:
9240:
9238:
9223:
9219:
9209:
9207:
9203:
9197:
9182:
9174:
9165:
9130:
9126:
9117:
9115:
9064:
9060:
9013:
9009:
8999:
8997:
8982:
8978:
8967:
8963:
8940:
8927:
8919:
8876:
8870:
8866:
8819:
8812:
8763:
8756:
8711:
8707:
8666:
8662:
8653:
8651:
8614:
8610:
8571:
8567:
8562:
8555:
8518:
8507:
8499:
8460:
8454:
8450:
8405:
8398:
8392:
8388:
8333:
8329:
8312:
8308:
8293:
8289:
8279:
8277:
8273:
8242:
8236:
8232:
8224:
8191:
8185:
8176:
8137:
8130:
8085:
8078:
8068:
8066:
8065:on July 8, 2013
8053:
8052:
8045:
8029:
8028:
7986:
7982:
7972:
7970:
7966:
7951:
7947:
7946:
7942:
7935:
7911:
7907:
7902:
7898:
7843:
7839:
7830:
7828:
7815:
7814:
7807:
7752:
7748:
7709:
7705:
7696:
7694:
7641:
7637:
7627:
7625:
7610:
7606:
7596:
7594:
7579:
7575:
7560:10.1002/bsl.924
7542:
7535:
7528:
7510:
7506:
7499:
7491:. p. 177.
7481:
7477:
7438:
7434:
7419:10.1002/bsl.918
7403:
7399:
7392:
7378:
7374:
7365:
7363:
7320:
7316:
7307:
7305:
7254:
7250:
7211:
7207:
7174:
7170:
7145:
7138:
7128:
7126:
7091:
7087:
7077:
7075:
7064:"Serial Murder"
7060:
7056:
6995:
6991:
6972:
6968:
6931:
6927:
6903:10.1.1.404.4396
6880:
6876:
6863:
6861:
6854:
6832:
6828:
6815:
6813:
6806:
6780:
6776:
6739:
6735:
6698:
6691:
6642:
6635:
6625:
6623:
6574:
6570:
6561:
6559:
6544:
6540:
6532:
6499:
6493:
6482:
6429:
6425:
6415:
6413:
6372:
6363:
6356:
6338:
6334:
6325:
6323:
6308:
6307:
6300:
6291:
6289:
6276:
6275:
6268:
6259:
6257:
6249:The Independent
6242:
6241:
6234:
6224:
6222:
6203:
6196:
6159:
6152:
6142:
6140:
6133:Psychopath Test
6127:
6126:
6119:
6109:
6107:
6092:10.2307/3478417
6070:
6063:
6057:Wayback Machine
6047:
6040:
6031:
6024:
5983:
5974:
5964:
5962:
5952:
5948:
5893:
5889:
5858:
5854:
5831:
5827:
5788:
5784:
5760:
5756:
5749:
5735:
5731:
5726:
5722:
5717:
5713:
5707:
5703:
5697:
5693:
5684:
5682:
5639:
5635:
5629:
5625:
5619:
5615:
5609:
5605:
5566:
5562:
5539:
5535:
5528:
5510:
5506:
5493:
5491:
5484:
5476:. p. 100.
5464:
5460:
5447:
5445:
5438:
5430:. p. 154.
5418:
5414:
5401:
5399:
5392:
5372:
5368:
5331:
5327:
5320:
5299:
5292:
5285:
5277:. p. 390.
5267:
5263:
5256:
5238:
5234:
5197:
5193:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5133:
5127:
5123:
5114:
5112:
5108:
5060:
5056:
5019:
5015:
4982:
4978:
4971:
4947:
4943:
4911:
4905:
4901:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4863:
4859:
4816:
4812:
4807:
4798:
4783:
4776:
4763:
4761:
4754:
4736:
4732:
4725:
4701:
4697:
4691:Wayback Machine
4682:
4678:
4670:
4666:
4659:
4651:. p. 117.
4641:
4637:
4628:
4626:
4618:The Independent
4611:
4610:
4606:
4595:
4588:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4513:
4509:
4476:
4472:
4433:
4429:
4414:
4396:
4389:
4358:
4354:
4347:
4335:Hare R (2006).
4333:
4329:
4321:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4297:
4293:
4281:
4275:
4271:
4236:
4232:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4206:
4204:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4183:
4181:
4163:
4159:
4153:Wayback Machine
4144:
4140:
4134:Wayback Machine
4125:
4121:
4115:Wayback Machine
4106:
4099:
4093:Wayback Machine
4084:
4080:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4051:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4009:
4005:
3995:
3993:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3912:
3908:
3902:Wayback Machine
3892:
3885:
3879:Wayback Machine
3868:Wayback Machine
3858:
3851:
3841:
3839:
3826:
3825:
3818:
3808:
3806:
3793:
3792:
3785:
3775:
3773:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3745:
3743:
3730:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3688:
3684:
3647:
3640:
3630:
3628:
3615:
3614:
3607:
3593:
3591:
3584:
3564:
3555:
3546:
3544:
3500:
3496:
3468:
3464:
3457:
3439:
3426:
3419:
3401:
3392:
3357:SAGE Publishing
3339:
3236:
3196:
3192:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3128:
3124:
3117:
3098:
3087:
3042:
3025:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2941:
2937:
2928:
2926:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2881:
2827:, the deranged
2789:Roman mythology
2761:
2755:
2720:, reduction in
2685:
2679:
2674:
2666:Bond University
2657:
2640:
2623:
2618:
2567:
2552:The interrater
2539:
2466:
2461:
2416:
2414:Sex differences
2310:
2282:
2237:
2224:
2215:
2209:
2181:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2131:metabolite) to
2078:High levels of
2076:
1960:
1928:
1922:
1917:
1875:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1818:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1790:help improve it
1787:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1755:
1714:
1689:
1673:
1661:
1638:
1585:
1520:
1515:
1481:
1475:
1462:
1422:organized crime
1418:
1412:
1410:Other offending
1380:child molesters
1372:
1332:risk assessment
1294:
1261:
1256:
1243:
1214:
1205:
1184:
1165:neuroscientist
1099:
1026:
990:
982:adaptive traits
978:impulse control
938:self-confidence
906:Hervey Cleckley
898:
890:
881:
876:
817:David Henderson
802:Hervey Cleckley
798:
744:around 300 BC.
724:
686:Snakes in Suits
628:
532:mental disorder
527:psychopathology
506:, and the noun
468:
463:
457:
161:
125:
121:
105:
100:
93:
79:
68:Psychopathology
60:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
34:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
14925:
14915:
14914:
14909:
14904:
14899:
14894:
14889:
14884:
14867:
14866:
14864:
14863:
14858:
14853:
14851:Victim blaming
14848:
14843:
14838:
14833:
14828:
14823:
14818:
14813:
14808:
14803:
14798:
14793:
14788:
14783:
14781:Discrimination
14778:
14773:
14768:
14766:Dehumanization
14763:
14758:
14756:Child grooming
14753:
14748:
14746:Abuse of power
14743:
14737:
14735:
14734:Related topics
14731:
14730:
14728:
14727:
14720:
14715:
14710:
14705:
14700:
14695:
14690:
14685:
14680:
14675:
14673:Physical abuse
14670:
14665:
14660:
14655:
14650:
14645:
14640:
14635:
14630:
14625:
14620:
14619:
14618:
14613:
14603:
14601:Domestic abuse
14598:
14597:
14596:
14594:military draft
14586:
14581:
14580:
14579:
14574:
14569:
14564:
14554:
14549:
14544:
14538:
14536:
14530:
14529:
14522:
14521:
14514:
14507:
14499:
14490:
14489:
14487:
14486:
14484:Robert D. Hare
14481:
14476:
14470:
14468:
14464:
14463:
14461:
14460:
14455:
14450:
14445:
14440:
14435:
14430:
14425:
14420:
14415:
14410:
14405:
14400:
14394:
14392:
14391:Related topics
14388:
14387:
14385:
14384:
14379:
14377:Shallow affect
14374:
14369:
14364:
14359:
14354:
14349:
14344:
14339:
14334:
14329:
14324:
14318:
14316:
14312:
14311:
14309:
14308:
14303:
14297:
14295:
14291:
14290:
14283:
14282:
14275:
14268:
14260:
14251:
14250:
14247:
14246:
14244:
14243:
14238:
14233:
14228:
14223:
14218:
14213:
14208:
14203:
14198:
14193:
14188:
14183:
14178:
14173:
14168:
14167:
14166:
14155:
14152:
14151:
14141:
14140:
14137:
14136:
14133:
14132:
14130:
14129:
14124:
14118:
14116:
14112:
14111:
14106:
14104:
14100:
14099:
14097:
14096:
14091:
14086:
14081:
14076:
14071:
14066:
14061:
14059:Habbush letter
14056:
14051:
14046:
14045:
14044:
14034:
14029:
14028:
14027:
14022:
14017:
14012:
14002:
13997:
13991:
13989:
13985:
13984:
13982:
13981:
13976:
13971:
13966:
13958:
13953:
13948:
13943:
13941:Bell Pottinger
13937:
13935:
13934:United Kingdom
13931:
13930:
13928:
13927:
13922:
13917:
13911:
13909:
13905:
13904:
13899:
13897:
13893:
13892:
13889:
13888:
13886:
13885:
13880:
13875:
13870:
13865:
13864:
13863:
13858:
13853:
13845:
13844:
13843:
13833:
13832:
13831:
13826:
13815:
13813:
13807:
13806:
13804:
13803:
13798:
13793:
13788:
13783:
13778:
13773:
13768:
13762:
13760:
13751:
13742:
13741:
13739:
13738:
13733:
13728:
13717:
13715:
13711:
13710:
13705:
13703:
13699:
13698:
13693:
13691:
13687:
13686:
13681:
13679:
13675:
13674:
13669:
13667:
13663:
13662:
13660:
13659:
13654:
13649:
13644:
13638:
13636:
13632:
13631:
13629:
13628:
13623:
13618:
13612:
13610:
13606:
13605:
13600:
13598:
13597:Czechoslovakia
13594:
13593:
13591:
13590:
13583:
13578:
13577:
13576:
13571:
13569:PLA Unit 61398
13566:
13561:
13556:
13551:
13540:
13538:
13534:
13533:
13528:
13526:
13518:
13517:
13507:
13506:
13503:
13502:
13499:
13498:
13496:
13495:
13490:
13489:
13488:
13483:
13478:
13468:
13463:
13458:
13453:
13448:
13447:
13446:
13444:by governments
13436:
13430:
13428:
13421:
13420:
13415:
13410:
13405:
13400:
13395:
13390:
13385:
13380:
13375:
13374:
13373:
13363:
13358:
13353:
13348:
13342:
13339:
13338:
13328:
13327:
13324:
13323:
13321:
13320:
13313:
13306:
13299:
13292:
13285:
13281:Disinformation
13276:
13273:
13272:
13262:
13261:
13258:
13257:
13255:
13254:
13249:
13244:
13239:
13234:
13229:
13224:
13219:
13214:
13209:
13208:
13207:
13202:
13197:
13187:
13186:
13185:
13180:
13170:
13165:
13160:
13155:
13150:
13145:
13140:
13135:
13130:
13125:
13120:
13115:
13110:
13105:
13100:
13095:
13090:
13085:
13084:
13083:
13073:
13072:
13071:
13066:
13061:
13051:
13046:
13041:
13036:
13031:
13026:
13021:
13011:
13010:
13009:
13002:Cognitive bias
12999:
12994:
12992:Cherry picking
12989:
12984:
12979:
12973:
12970:
12969:
12959:
12958:
12955:misinformation
12951:Disinformation
12947:
12946:
12939:
12932:
12924:
12918:
12917:
12908:
12907:, October 2012
12895:
12876:
12867:
12854:
12849:
12844:
12839:
12833:
12827:
12817:
12816:
12813:
12812:
12800:
12799:
12797:
12793:
12792:
12786:
12785:
12783:
12782:Classification
12775:
12774:External links
12772:
12770:
12769:
12763:
12750:
12743:
12740:
12729:
12709:
12703:
12687:
12684:
12678:
12670:Guilford Press
12656:
12639:
12633:
12618:
12604:
12602:978-1904684718
12590:
12581:
12559:
12557:
12554:
12551:
12550:
12521:
12504:
12459:
12450:
12440:
12425:
12408:
12387:
12349:
12291:
12249:
12238:(5): 592–603.
12219:
12184:
12162:
12138:
12118:
12061:
12032:(5): 391–402.
12012:
11975:
11956:
11936:
11905:
11873:
11852:
11834:The New Yorker
11819:
11789:
11758:(2): 153–160.
11732:
11725:
11717:Guilford Press
11700:
11669:
11634:(3): 155–174.
11609:
11554:Der Nervenarzt
11537:
11478:
11459:(7): 656–664.
11443:
11404:
11355:
11294:
11236:
11199:
11192:
11171:
11134:
11112:
11082:
11044:
11008:
10997:
10966:
10907:
10878:
10849:
10812:(2): 350–362.
10792:
10763:
10731:
10687:
10668:
10645:
10602:
10579:
10550:(4): 355–397.
10525:
10506:
10487:
10471:NZ Herald News
10454:
10421:
10391:
10342:
10315:
10264:
10227:(6): 752–761.
10207:
10146:
10111:(2): 216–222.
10093:
10056:(6): 329–337.
10036:
9985:
9947:
9918:(3): 612–620.
9896:
9849:
9842:
9820:
9779:(4): 1151–71.
9763:
9714:
9676:
9649:
9632:
9615:
9596:(10): 856–65.
9580:
9537:
9488:
9451:
9432:(5): 599–606.
9416:
9396:
9343:
9290:
9247:
9217:
9195:
9189:. p. 29.
9163:
9124:
9058:
9007:
8976:
8961:
8950:(5): 371–380.
8925:
8864:
8810:
8754:
8705:
8660:
8630:(4): 682–686.
8608:
8581:(6): 499–511.
8565:
8553:
8505:
8448:
8396:
8386:
8349:(9): 986–994.
8327:
8306:
8301:Guilford Press
8287:
8253:(5): 619–627.
8230:
8174:
8128:
8076:
8043:
8000:(3): 276–284.
7980:
7940:
7933:
7905:
7896:
7837:
7823:. 2017-01-21.
7805:
7768:(9): 903–910.
7746:
7703:
7657:(5): 607–621.
7635:
7604:
7573:
7554:(2): 194–210.
7533:
7526:
7520:. p. 49.
7504:
7497:
7475:
7448:(2): 141–144.
7432:
7413:(1): 106–119.
7397:
7390:
7372:
7334:(1): 233–243.
7314:
7248:
7205:
7168:
7136:
7105:(1): 109–118.
7085:
7054:
6989:
6966:
6945:Pergamon Press
6925:
6874:
6852:
6844:Guilford Press
6826:
6804:
6774:
6733:
6689:
6633:
6568:
6538:
6480:
6423:
6361:
6354:
6346:Guilford Press
6332:
6298:
6266:
6252:. 2016-09-13.
6232:
6194:
6173:(2): 159–164.
6150:
6117:
6061:
6038:
6022:
5972:
5946:
5887:
5868:(3): 297–311.
5852:
5825:
5782:
5771:(4): 408–429.
5754:
5747:
5729:
5720:
5711:
5701:
5691:
5633:
5623:
5613:
5603:
5576:(11): 2201–9.
5560:
5549:(7): 734–739.
5533:
5526:
5518:Guilford Press
5504:
5482:
5474:Guilford Press
5458:
5436:
5412:
5390:
5384:. p. 99.
5366:
5325:
5318:
5290:
5283:
5261:
5254:
5246:Guilford Press
5232:
5191:
5121:
5054:
5013:
4976:
4969:
4941:
4922:(4): 298–303.
4899:
4887:
4857:
4810:
4796:
4791:Guilford Press
4774:
4752:
4730:
4723:
4695:
4676:
4664:
4657:
4635:
4621:. 2018-02-12.
4604:
4586:
4583:on 2012-02-11.
4558:
4507:
4470:
4443:(37): 111–26.
4427:
4412:
4387:
4352:
4345:
4327:
4310:
4291:
4269:
4230:
4213:
4202:Psychopathy Is
4189:
4157:
4138:
4119:
4097:
4078:
4069:etymonline.com
4056:
4049:
4028:
4021:
4003:
3977:
3968:etymonline.com
3955:
3926:(6): 1200–10.
3906:
3883:
3849:
3828:"Pathological"
3816:
3783:
3762:"Psychopathic"
3753:
3720:
3713:
3701:Guilford Press
3682:
3638:
3605:
3582:
3553:
3494:
3462:
3455:
3447:Guilford Press
3424:
3417:
3390:
3234:
3190:
3171:(5): 634–646.
3151:
3144:
3122:
3115:
3085:
3023:
2986:(5): 550–561.
2966:
2935:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2880:
2877:
2757:Main article:
2754:
2751:
2714:staff turnover
2694:Robert Maxwell
2681:Main article:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2656:
2653:
2639:
2636:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2571:United Kingdom
2566:
2565:United Kingdom
2563:
2538:
2535:
2514:antidepressant
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2415:
2412:
2309:
2306:
2281:
2278:
2253:(WHO) and the
2236:
2233:
2223:
2220:
2211:Main article:
2208:
2205:
2189:Robert D. Hare
2177:Main article:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2104:serotoninergic
2075:
2072:
1959:
1956:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1862:Other theories
1860:
1850:physical abuse
1820:
1819:
1778:
1776:
1769:
1764:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1713:
1710:
1688:
1685:
1672:
1669:
1660:
1657:
1637:
1636:Moral judgment
1634:
1584:
1581:
1577:selection bias
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1477:Main article:
1474:
1471:
1461:
1458:
1426:economic crime
1411:
1408:
1371:
1368:
1348:serial killers
1293:
1290:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1183:
1180:
1098:
1095:
1090:Delroy Paulhus
1059:psychoanalytic
1025:
1022:
989:
986:
970:
969:
961:
949:
893:Robert D. Hare
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
850:, non-medical
797:
794:
757:moral insanity
723:
720:
627:
624:
584:hallucinations
561:from the U.S.
467:
464:
459:Main article:
456:
453:
417:Robert D. Hare
375:, an American
324:
323:
320:
314:
313:
310:
304:
303:
296:
292:
291:
288:
284:
283:
254:
248:
247:
244:Family history
241:
235:
234:
231:
227:
226:
189:
183:
182:
169:
163:
162:
160:
159:
118:
116:
112:
111:
103:
58:
36:
30:
27:
25:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14924:
14913:
14910:
14908:
14905:
14903:
14900:
14898:
14895:
14893:
14890:
14888:
14885:
14883:
14880:
14879:
14877:
14862:
14859:
14857:
14856:Victimisation
14854:
14852:
14849:
14847:
14844:
14842:
14839:
14837:
14834:
14832:
14829:
14827:
14824:
14822:
14819:
14817:
14814:
14812:
14809:
14807:
14804:
14802:
14799:
14797:
14794:
14792:
14789:
14787:
14784:
14782:
14779:
14777:
14774:
14772:
14769:
14767:
14764:
14762:
14759:
14757:
14754:
14752:
14749:
14747:
14744:
14742:
14739:
14738:
14736:
14732:
14726:
14725:
14721:
14719:
14716:
14714:
14711:
14709:
14706:
14704:
14701:
14699:
14696:
14694:
14691:
14689:
14686:
14684:
14681:
14679:
14676:
14674:
14671:
14669:
14666:
14664:
14661:
14659:
14656:
14654:
14651:
14649:
14646:
14644:
14641:
14639:
14636:
14634:
14631:
14629:
14626:
14624:
14621:
14617:
14614:
14612:
14609:
14608:
14607:
14604:
14602:
14599:
14595:
14592:
14591:
14590:
14587:
14585:
14582:
14578:
14575:
14573:
14570:
14568:
14565:
14563:
14560:
14559:
14558:
14555:
14553:
14550:
14548:
14545:
14543:
14540:
14539:
14537:
14535:
14531:
14527:
14520:
14515:
14513:
14508:
14506:
14501:
14500:
14497:
14485:
14482:
14480:
14477:
14475:
14472:
14471:
14469:
14465:
14459:
14456:
14454:
14451:
14449:
14446:
14444:
14441:
14439:
14436:
14434:
14431:
14429:
14426:
14424:
14421:
14419:
14416:
14414:
14411:
14409:
14406:
14404:
14401:
14399:
14396:
14395:
14393:
14389:
14383:
14380:
14378:
14375:
14373:
14370:
14368:
14365:
14363:
14360:
14358:
14357:Lack of guilt
14355:
14353:
14350:
14348:
14345:
14343:
14340:
14338:
14335:
14333:
14330:
14328:
14325:
14323:
14320:
14319:
14317:
14313:
14307:
14304:
14302:
14299:
14298:
14296:
14292:
14288:
14281:
14276:
14274:
14269:
14267:
14262:
14261:
14258:
14242:
14239:
14237:
14234:
14232:
14229:
14227:
14224:
14222:
14219:
14217:
14214:
14212:
14209:
14207:
14204:
14202:
14201:FactCheck.org
14199:
14197:
14194:
14192:
14189:
14187:
14184:
14182:
14179:
14177:
14174:
14172:
14169:
14165:
14162:
14161:
14160:
14159:Fact-checking
14157:
14156:
14153:
14146:
14142:
14128:
14125:
14123:
14120:
14119:
14117:
14113:
14109:
14105:
14101:
14095:
14092:
14090:
14087:
14085:
14082:
14080:
14077:
14075:
14072:
14070:
14067:
14065:
14062:
14060:
14057:
14055:
14052:
14050:
14047:
14043:
14040:
14039:
14038:
14035:
14033:
14030:
14026:
14023:
14021:
14018:
14016:
14013:
14011:
14008:
14007:
14006:
14003:
14001:
13998:
13996:
13993:
13992:
13990:
13988:United States
13986:
13980:
13977:
13975:
13972:
13970:
13967:
13965:
13963:
13959:
13957:
13954:
13952:
13949:
13947:
13944:
13942:
13939:
13938:
13936:
13932:
13926:
13923:
13921:
13918:
13916:
13913:
13912:
13910:
13906:
13902:
13898:
13894:
13884:
13881:
13879:
13876:
13874:
13871:
13869:
13866:
13862:
13859:
13857:
13854:
13852:
13849:
13848:
13846:
13842:
13839:
13838:
13837:
13834:
13830:
13827:
13825:
13822:
13821:
13820:
13817:
13816:
13814:
13812:
13808:
13802:
13799:
13797:
13794:
13792:
13789:
13787:
13784:
13782:
13779:
13777:
13774:
13772:
13769:
13767:
13764:
13763:
13761:
13759:
13755:
13752:
13747:
13743:
13737:
13734:
13732:
13729:
13726:
13722:
13719:
13718:
13716:
13712:
13708:
13704:
13700:
13696:
13692:
13688:
13684:
13680:
13676:
13672:
13668:
13664:
13658:
13655:
13653:
13650:
13648:
13645:
13643:
13640:
13639:
13637:
13633:
13627:
13624:
13622:
13619:
13617:
13614:
13613:
13611:
13607:
13603:
13599:
13595:
13589:
13588:
13584:
13582:
13579:
13575:
13572:
13570:
13567:
13565:
13562:
13560:
13557:
13555:
13552:
13550:
13549:50 Cent Party
13547:
13546:
13545:
13542:
13541:
13539:
13535:
13531:
13527:
13523:
13519:
13512:
13508:
13494:
13491:
13487:
13484:
13482:
13479:
13477:
13474:
13473:
13472:
13469:
13467:
13464:
13462:
13459:
13457:
13454:
13452:
13449:
13445:
13442:
13441:
13440:
13437:
13435:
13432:
13431:
13429:
13425:
13419:
13416:
13414:
13411:
13409:
13406:
13404:
13401:
13399:
13396:
13394:
13391:
13389:
13386:
13384:
13381:
13379:
13376:
13372:
13369:
13368:
13367:
13364:
13362:
13359:
13357:
13354:
13352:
13349:
13347:
13344:
13343:
13340:
13333:
13329:
13319:
13318:
13314:
13312:
13311:
13307:
13305:
13304:
13300:
13298:
13297:
13293:
13291:
13290:
13286:
13284:
13282:
13278:
13277:
13274:
13267:
13263:
13253:
13250:
13248:
13245:
13243:
13240:
13238:
13235:
13233:
13230:
13228:
13225:
13223:
13220:
13218:
13215:
13213:
13210:
13206:
13203:
13201:
13198:
13196:
13193:
13192:
13191:
13188:
13184:
13181:
13179:
13176:
13175:
13174:
13171:
13169:
13166:
13164:
13161:
13159:
13156:
13154:
13153:Media culture
13151:
13149:
13146:
13144:
13141:
13139:
13136:
13134:
13131:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13121:
13119:
13116:
13114:
13111:
13109:
13106:
13104:
13101:
13099:
13096:
13094:
13093:False dilemma
13091:
13089:
13086:
13082:
13079:
13078:
13077:
13074:
13070:
13067:
13065:
13062:
13060:
13057:
13056:
13055:
13052:
13050:
13047:
13045:
13042:
13040:
13037:
13035:
13032:
13030:
13027:
13025:
13022:
13019:
13015:
13012:
13008:
13005:
13004:
13003:
13000:
12998:
12995:
12993:
12990:
12988:
12985:
12983:
12980:
12978:
12975:
12974:
12971:
12964:
12960:
12956:
12952:
12945:
12940:
12938:
12933:
12931:
12926:
12925:
12922:
12916:
12912:
12909:
12906:
12905:
12901:
12900:
12896:
12893:
12889:
12885:
12881:
12877:
12874:
12871:
12868:
12865:
12861:
12858:
12855:
12853:
12850:
12848:
12845:
12843:
12840:
12837:
12834:
12831:
12828:
12825:
12822:
12821:
12811:
12807:
12806:
12802:
12801:
12798:
12794:
12789:
12784:
12780:
12766:
12760:
12756:
12751:
12748:
12744:
12741:
12738:
12734:
12730:
12727:
12726:1-59102-665-2
12723:
12719:
12718:
12713:
12710:
12706:
12700:
12696:
12692:
12688:
12685:
12681:
12675:
12671:
12667:
12666:
12661:
12657:
12654:
12650:
12647:
12643:
12640:
12636:
12634:0-9621519-0-4
12630:
12626:
12625:
12619:
12617:
12613:
12609:
12605:
12603:
12599:
12595:
12591:
12588:
12584:
12578:
12574:
12573:HarperCollins
12569:
12568:
12561:
12560:
12539:
12535:
12531:
12525:
12516:
12508:
12500:
12496:
12492:
12488:
12484:
12480:
12477:(2): 174–93.
12476:
12472:
12471:
12463:
12454:
12444:
12436:
12429:
12421:
12420:
12412:
12404:
12400:
12399:
12391:
12383:
12379:
12375:
12371:
12367:
12363:
12356:
12354:
12335:
12331:
12327:
12323:
12319:
12315:
12311:
12310:
12302:
12295:
12280:
12276:
12272:
12268:
12264:
12260:
12253:
12245:
12241:
12237:
12233:
12229:
12223:
12209:on 2012-11-05
12205:
12198:
12191:
12189:
12180:
12169:
12165:
12159:
12155:
12151:
12150:
12142:
12135:
12131:
12128:
12122:
12114:
12110:
12105:
12100:
12096:
12092:
12088:
12084:
12080:
12076:
12072:
12065:
12057:
12053:
12048:
12043:
12039:
12035:
12031:
12027:
12026:CNS Spectrums
12023:
12016:
12000:
11996:
11992:
11991:
11986:
11979:
11963:
11959:
11953:
11949:
11948:
11940:
11924:
11920:
11916:
11909:
11894:
11890:
11889:
11884:
11877:
11870:
11866:
11862:
11856:
11840:
11836:
11835:
11830:
11823:
11807:
11803:
11799:
11793:
11777:
11773:
11769:
11765:
11761:
11757:
11753:
11752:
11747:
11743:
11736:
11728:
11722:
11718:
11714:
11707:
11705:
11688:
11684:
11680:
11673:
11665:
11661:
11657:
11653:
11649:
11645:
11641:
11637:
11633:
11629:
11622:
11620:
11618:
11616:
11614:
11595:
11591:
11587:
11583:
11579:
11575:
11571:
11567:
11563:
11559:
11555:
11548:
11541:
11533:
11529:
11524:
11519:
11515:
11511:
11506:
11501:
11497:
11493:
11489:
11482:
11474:
11470:
11466:
11462:
11458:
11454:
11447:
11440:
11434:
11429:
11425:
11421:
11420:
11415:
11408:
11400:
11396:
11391:
11386:
11382:
11378:
11374:
11370:
11366:
11359:
11351:
11347:
11342:
11337:
11332:
11327:
11323:
11319:
11315:
11311:
11310:
11305:
11298:
11283:
11279:
11275:
11271:
11267:
11263:
11259:
11255:
11251:
11247:
11240:
11232:
11228:
11224:
11220:
11216:
11212:
11211:
11203:
11195:
11189:
11185:
11178:
11176:
11167:
11163:
11159:
11155:
11151:
11147:
11146:
11138:
11130:
11119:
11115:
11109:
11105:
11101:
11097:
11093:
11086:
11078:
11074:
11070:
11066:
11063:(3): 233–48.
11062:
11058:
11051:
11049:
11040:
11036:
11032:
11028:
11024:
11021:(in French).
11020:
11012:
11004:
11000:
10994:
10990:
10986:
10985:
10977:
10975:
10973:
10971:
10962:
10958:
10953:
10948:
10944:
10940:
10935:
10930:
10926:
10922:
10918:
10911:
10896:
10892:
10888:
10882:
10867:
10863:
10859:
10853:
10845:
10841:
10836:
10831:
10827:
10823:
10819:
10815:
10811:
10807:
10803:
10796:
10781:
10777:
10773:
10767:
10759:
10746:
10735:
10727:
10723:
10719:
10715:
10711:
10707:
10704:(2): 253–60.
10703:
10699:
10691:
10683:
10679:
10672:
10665:
10661:
10658:
10654:
10649:
10641:
10637:
10633:
10629:
10625:
10621:
10618:(2): 133–48.
10617:
10613:
10606:
10598:
10594:
10590:
10583:
10575:
10571:
10566:
10561:
10557:
10553:
10549:
10545:
10541:
10534:
10532:
10530:
10522:
10518:
10515:
10510:
10503:
10499:
10496:
10491:
10476:
10472:
10468:
10464:
10458:
10443:
10439:
10435:
10431:
10425:
10411:on 2014-09-07
10410:
10406:
10402:
10395:
10387:
10383:
10378:
10373:
10369:
10365:
10361:
10357:
10353:
10346:
10338:
10334:
10330:
10326:
10319:
10311:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10293:
10289:
10286:(4): 419–21.
10285:
10281:
10280:
10275:
10268:
10260:
10256:
10251:
10246:
10242:
10238:
10234:
10230:
10226:
10222:
10218:
10211:
10195:
10191:
10187:
10183:
10179:
10175:
10171:
10167:
10163:
10162:
10157:
10150:
10142:
10138:
10134:
10130:
10126:
10122:
10118:
10114:
10110:
10106:
10105:
10097:
10089:
10085:
10080:
10075:
10071:
10067:
10063:
10059:
10055:
10051:
10047:
10040:
10032:
10028:
10023:
10018:
10014:
10010:
10006:
10002:
10001:
9996:
9989:
9981:
9977:
9973:
9969:
9965:
9961:
9960:
9951:
9943:
9939:
9934:
9929:
9925:
9921:
9917:
9913:
9912:
9907:
9900:
9892:
9888:
9884:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9867:(1): 149–82.
9866:
9862:
9861:
9853:
9845:
9839:
9835:
9831:
9824:
9816:
9810:
9802:
9798:
9794:
9790:
9786:
9782:
9778:
9774:
9767:
9759:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9741:
9737:
9734:(3): 735–70.
9733:
9729:
9725:
9718:
9710:
9706:
9702:
9698:
9694:
9690:
9683:
9681:
9672:
9668:
9664:
9663:PURE Insights
9660:
9653:
9646:
9642:
9636:
9629:
9625:
9619:
9611:
9607:
9603:
9599:
9595:
9591:
9584:
9576:
9572:
9568:
9564:
9560:
9556:
9552:
9548:
9541:
9533:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9515:
9511:
9507:
9503:
9499:
9492:
9484:
9480:
9476:
9472:
9468:
9464:
9463:
9455:
9447:
9443:
9439:
9435:
9431:
9427:
9420:
9413:
9409:
9406:
9400:
9392:
9388:
9384:
9380:
9376:
9372:
9368:
9364:
9360:
9356:
9355:
9347:
9339:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9311:
9307:
9306:
9301:
9294:
9286:
9282:
9278:
9274:
9270:
9266:
9263:(4): 359–66.
9262:
9258:
9251:
9236:
9232:
9228:
9221:
9202:
9198:
9192:
9188:
9185:. Stockholm:
9181:
9180:
9172:
9170:
9168:
9159:
9155:
9151:
9147:
9143:
9139:
9135:
9128:
9113:
9109:
9105:
9101:
9097:
9093:
9089:
9085:
9081:
9077:
9073:
9069:
9062:
9054:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9036:
9032:
9029:(3): 253–62.
9028:
9024:
9023:
9018:
9011:
8995:
8991:
8987:
8980:
8972:
8965:
8957:
8953:
8949:
8945:
8938:
8936:
8934:
8932:
8930:
8918:
8914:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8896:
8892:
8889:(3): 659–67.
8888:
8884:
8883:
8875:
8868:
8860:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8842:
8838:
8835:(6): 708–14.
8834:
8830:
8829:
8824:
8817:
8815:
8806:
8802:
8798:
8794:
8790:
8786:
8782:
8778:
8774:
8770:
8769:
8761:
8759:
8750:
8746:
8741:
8736:
8732:
8728:
8724:
8720:
8716:
8709:
8701:
8697:
8693:
8689:
8685:
8681:
8678:(2): 201–11.
8677:
8673:
8672:
8664:
8649:
8645:
8641:
8637:
8633:
8629:
8625:
8624:
8619:
8612:
8604:
8600:
8596:
8592:
8588:
8584:
8580:
8576:
8569:
8560:
8558:
8549:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8531:
8527:
8523:
8516:
8514:
8512:
8510:
8498:
8494:
8490:
8486:
8482:
8478:
8474:
8470:
8466:
8459:
8452:
8444:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8426:
8422:
8418:
8414:
8410:
8403:
8401:
8390:
8382:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8364:
8360:
8356:
8352:
8348:
8344:
8343:
8338:
8331:
8323:
8319:
8318:
8310:
8302:
8298:
8291:
8272:
8268:
8264:
8260:
8256:
8252:
8248:
8241:
8234:
8223:
8219:
8215:
8211:
8207:
8204:(1): 217–46.
8203:
8199:
8198:
8190:
8183:
8181:
8179:
8170:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8152:
8148:
8147:
8142:
8135:
8133:
8124:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8106:
8102:
8098:
8094:
8090:
8083:
8081:
8064:
8060:
8056:
8050:
8048:
8039:
8033:
8025:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8007:
8003:
7999:
7995:
7991:
7984:
7965:
7961:
7957:
7950:
7944:
7936:
7930:
7926:
7922:
7918:
7917:
7909:
7900:
7892:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7874:
7870:
7866:
7862:
7858:
7854:
7853:
7848:
7841:
7826:
7822:
7818:
7812:
7810:
7801:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7783:
7779:
7775:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7762:
7757:
7750:
7742:
7738:
7734:
7730:
7726:
7722:
7718:
7714:
7707:
7692:
7688:
7684:
7680:
7676:
7672:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7651:
7646:
7639:
7623:
7619:
7615:
7608:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7577:
7569:
7565:
7561:
7557:
7553:
7549:
7548:
7540:
7538:
7529:
7523:
7519:
7515:
7508:
7500:
7494:
7490:
7486:
7479:
7471:
7467:
7463:
7459:
7455:
7451:
7447:
7443:
7442:CNS Spectrums
7436:
7428:
7424:
7420:
7416:
7412:
7408:
7401:
7393:
7387:
7383:
7376:
7361:
7357:
7353:
7349:
7345:
7341:
7337:
7333:
7329:
7325:
7318:
7303:
7299:
7295:
7291:
7287:
7283:
7279:
7275:
7271:
7267:
7263:
7259:
7252:
7244:
7240:
7236:
7232:
7228:
7224:
7221:(5): 459–70.
7220:
7216:
7209:
7201:
7197:
7193:
7189:
7186:(2): 198–22.
7185:
7181:
7180:
7172:
7164:
7160:
7157:(1): 109–18.
7156:
7152:
7151:
7143:
7141:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7112:
7108:
7104:
7100:
7096:
7089:
7073:
7069:
7065:
7058:
7050:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7006:
7005:
7000:
6993:
6985:
6981:
6977:
6970:
6962:
6958:
6954:
6950:
6946:
6942:
6938:
6937:
6929:
6921:
6917:
6913:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6895:
6891:
6887:
6886:
6878:
6870:
6859:
6855:
6849:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6830:
6822:
6811:
6807:
6801:
6797:
6793:
6789:
6785:
6778:
6770:
6766:
6762:
6758:
6754:
6750:
6746:
6745:
6737:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6704:
6696:
6694:
6685:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6667:
6663:
6659:
6655:
6651:
6647:
6640:
6638:
6621:
6617:
6613:
6609:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6589:
6585:
6584:
6579:
6572:
6557:
6553:
6549:
6542:
6531:
6527:
6523:
6519:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6506:
6498:
6491:
6489:
6487:
6485:
6476:
6472:
6468:
6464:
6460:
6456:
6452:
6448:
6444:
6440:
6439:
6434:
6427:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6382:
6377:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6357:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6336:
6321:
6317:
6316:
6311:
6305:
6303:
6287:
6283:
6279:
6273:
6271:
6255:
6251:
6250:
6245:
6239:
6237:
6220:
6216:
6212:
6208:
6201:
6199:
6190:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6164:
6157:
6155:
6138:
6134:
6130:
6124:
6122:
6105:
6101:
6097:
6093:
6089:
6086:(5): 766–80.
6085:
6081:
6080:
6075:
6068:
6066:
6058:
6054:
6051:
6045:
6043:
6035:
6029:
6027:
6018:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5990:
5989:
5981:
5979:
5977:
5961:
5957:
5950:
5942:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5914:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5898:
5891:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5856:
5848:
5844:
5841:(2): 449–62.
5840:
5836:
5829:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5798:(2): 133–48.
5797:
5793:
5786:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5766:
5758:
5750:
5744:
5740:
5733:
5724:
5715:
5705:
5695:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5637:
5627:
5617:
5607:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5564:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5537:
5529:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5508:
5500:
5489:
5485:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5470:
5462:
5454:
5443:
5439:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5424:
5416:
5408:
5397:
5393:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5378:
5370:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5337:
5329:
5321:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5297:
5295:
5286:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5265:
5257:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5236:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5203:
5195:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5140:
5132:
5125:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5058:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5025:
5017:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4994:(2): 387–97.
4993:
4989:
4988:
4980:
4972:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4953:
4945:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4890:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4861:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4814:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4792:
4788:
4781:
4779:
4770:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4734:
4726:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4707:
4699:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4680:
4673:
4668:
4660:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4639:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4608:
4600:
4593:
4591:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4562:
4554:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4529:(6958): 826.
4528:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4511:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4474:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4431:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4394:
4392:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4356:
4348:
4342:
4338:
4331:
4320:
4314:
4306:
4302:
4295:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4234:
4223:
4217:
4203:
4199:
4193:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4142:
4135:
4131:
4128:
4123:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4104:
4102:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4082:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4052:
4046:
4042:
4035:
4033:
4024:
4018:
4014:
4007:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3951:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3890:
3888:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3838:on 2012-08-23
3837:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3821:
3805:on 2013-09-20
3804:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3788:
3772:on 2012-08-23
3771:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3742:on 2012-01-13
3741:
3737:
3733:
3732:"Psychopathy"
3727:
3725:
3716:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3686:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3645:
3643:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3601:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3542:
3538:
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2895:Serial rapist
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1964:
1955:
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1948:reward system
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1920:Psychological
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1905:mutation load
1900:
1898:
1893:
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1881:
1874:
1855:
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1842:Disinhibition
1838:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1816:
1813:
1805:
1802:November 2021
1795:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1779:This article
1777:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1750:
1748:
1747:limbic system
1744:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
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1718:head injuries
1709:
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1698:
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1601:body gestures
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1525:
1513:Mental traits
1510:
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1431:
1427:
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1417:
1407:
1404:
1403:sex offenders
1399:
1397:
1396:meta-analysis
1393:
1388:
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1381:
1377:
1367:
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1301:
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1282:
1281:meta-analyses
1277:
1270:
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1232:
1229:
1226:
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1121:
1117:
1116:schizophrenia
1113:
1106:
1105:has written:
1104:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1055:Otto Kernberg
1052:
1050:
1046:
1045:socialization
1042:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1005:
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999:
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953:Disinhibition
950:
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943:
942:assertiveness
939:
935:
934:
930:
929:
928:
926:
922:
916:
913:
911:
907:
903:
897:
895:, 1993, p. xi
894:
887:
871:
868:
867:Glenn Walters
864:
860:
856:
853:
852:psychoanalyst
849:
845:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
820:
818:
813:
809:
808:
803:
793:
791:
790:homosexuality
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687:
682:
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674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:Karl Birnbaum
637:
633:
623:
621:
616:
614:
610:
606:
605:
600:
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550:
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539:
538:
533:
529:
528:
523:
522:
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:psychopatisch
501:
491:
488:) "soul" and
481:
477:
473:
462:
452:
450:
446:
442:
437:
433:
432:psychological
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424:
422:
418:
414:
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402:
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392:
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384:
383:
378:
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349:
345:
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330:
321:
319:
315:
311:
309:
305:
301:
300:psychotherapy
297:
293:
289:
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282:
278:
274:
273:schizophrenia
270:
266:
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258:
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253:
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228:
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217:
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209:
205:
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193:
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188:
184:
181:
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173:
170:
168:
164:
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115:Pronunciation
113:
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87:
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77:
73:
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14811:Minimisation
14806:Manipulation
14786:Exaggeration
14722:
14718:Verbal abuse
14698:Sexual abuse
14678:Social abuse
14648:Intimidation
14362:Manipulative
14342:Disinhibited
14286:
13961:
13896:South Africa
13883:Web brigades
13819:Cyberwarfare
13801:Useful idiot
13750:Soviet Union
13695:Fintas Group
13587:Global Times
13585:
13554:cyberwarfare
13315:
13308:
13301:
13294:
13288:
13280:
13247:Whataboutism
13242:Urban legend
13212:Quote mining
12915:The Atlantic
12914:
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12803:
12754:
12746:
12716:
12694:
12668:. New York:
12664:
12645:
12623:
12607:
12593:
12586:
12566:
12556:Bibliography
12542:. Retrieved
12533:
12524:
12517:, p. 21
12514:
12507:
12474:
12468:
12462:
12453:
12443:
12434:
12428:
12417:
12411:
12402:
12396:
12390:
12368:(1): 17–32.
12365:
12361:
12341:. Retrieved
12316:(2): 65–73.
12313:
12307:
12294:
12283:. Retrieved
12266:
12262:
12252:
12235:
12231:
12228:Polaschek DL
12222:
12211:. Retrieved
12204:the original
12179:Google Books
12177:– via
12172:. Retrieved
12148:
12141:
12121:
12078:
12074:
12064:
12029:
12025:
12015:
12003:. Retrieved
11988:
11978:
11966:. Retrieved
11946:
11939:
11927:. Retrieved
11918:
11908:
11897:. Retrieved
11886:
11876:
11860:
11855:
11843:. Retrieved
11832:
11822:
11810:. Retrieved
11806:the original
11801:
11792:
11780:. Retrieved
11755:
11749:
11735:
11715:. New York:
11712:
11691:. Retrieved
11682:
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11631:
11627:
11601:. Retrieved
11557:
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11540:
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11437:
11426:(1): 37–43.
11423:
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11297:
11286:. Retrieved
11253:
11249:
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11214:
11208:
11202:
11183:
11152:(4): 430–9.
11149:
11143:
11137:
11129:Google Books
11127:– via
11122:. Retrieved
11095:
11085:
11060:
11056:
11025:(3): 253–9.
11022:
11018:
11011:
10983:
10924:
10920:
10910:
10899:. Retrieved
10890:
10881:
10870:. Retrieved
10861:
10852:
10809:
10805:
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10784:. Retrieved
10775:
10766:
10754:|title=
10734:
10701:
10697:
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10681:
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10611:
10605:
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10582:
10547:
10543:
10509:
10490:
10479:. Retrieved
10466:
10457:
10446:. Retrieved
10442:the original
10433:
10424:
10413:. Retrieved
10409:the original
10404:
10394:
10362:(3): 382–6.
10359:
10355:
10345:
10331:(2): 23–31.
10328:
10324:
10318:
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10277:
10267:
10224:
10220:
10210:
10198:. Retrieved
10165:
10159:
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10108:
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10096:
10053:
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10039:
10004:
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9963:
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9909:
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9852:
9832:. New York:
9829:
9823:
9809:cite journal
9776:
9772:
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9250:
9239:. Retrieved
9230:
9220:
9208:. Retrieved
9201:the original
9178:
9141:
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9127:
9116:. Retrieved
9075:
9071:
9061:
9026:
9020:
9010:
8998:. Retrieved
8989:
8979:
8970:
8964:
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8867:
8832:
8826:
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8766:
8725:(1): 36–49.
8722:
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8652:. Retrieved
8627:
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8416:
8412:
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8330:
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8290:
8278:. Retrieved
8250:
8246:
8233:
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8195:
8150:
8144:
8096:
8092:
8067:. Retrieved
8063:the original
8058:
8032:cite journal
7997:
7993:
7983:
7971:. Retrieved
7955:
7943:
7915:
7908:
7899:
7859:(1): 55–63.
7856:
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7840:
7829:. Retrieved
7820:
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7759:
7749:
7716:
7712:
7706:
7695:. Retrieved
7654:
7648:
7638:
7626:. Retrieved
7617:
7607:
7595:. Retrieved
7586:
7576:
7551:
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7513:
7507:
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7435:
7410:
7406:
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7364:. Retrieved
7331:
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7317:
7306:. Retrieved
7265:
7261:
7251:
7218:
7214:
7208:
7183:
7177:
7171:
7154:
7148:
7129:December 30,
7127:. Retrieved
7102:
7098:
7088:
7076:. Retrieved
7057:
7008:
7002:
6992:
6984:the original
6979:
6969:
6940:
6934:
6928:
6889:
6883:
6877:
6869:Google Books
6867:– via
6862:. Retrieved
6839:
6829:
6821:Google Books
6819:– via
6814:. Retrieved
6787:
6777:
6748:
6742:
6736:
6707:
6701:
6653:
6649:
6624:. Retrieved
6587:
6581:
6571:
6560:. Retrieved
6551:
6541:
6512:(5): 893–9.
6509:
6503:
6442:
6436:
6426:
6414:. Retrieved
6385:
6379:
6341:
6335:
6324:. Retrieved
6313:
6290:. Retrieved
6282:ScienceDaily
6281:
6258:. Retrieved
6247:
6223:. Retrieved
6210:
6205:Neumann CS.
6170:
6166:
6141:. Retrieved
6132:
6108:. Retrieved
6083:
6077:
6033:
5992:
5986:
5963:. Retrieved
5959:
5949:
5904:
5900:
5890:
5865:
5861:
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5838:
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5795:
5791:
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5768:
5764:
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5738:
5732:
5723:
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5704:
5694:
5683:. Retrieved
5653:(1): 28–41.
5650:
5646:
5636:
5626:
5616:
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5573:
5569:
5563:
5546:
5542:
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5499:Google Books
5497:– via
5492:. Retrieved
5468:
5461:
5453:Google Books
5451:– via
5446:. Retrieved
5422:
5415:
5407:Google Books
5405:– via
5400:. Retrieved
5376:
5369:
5340:
5334:
5328:
5305:
5270:
5264:
5244:. New York:
5241:
5235:
5206:
5200:
5194:
5183:. Retrieved
5143:
5137:
5124:
5113:. Retrieved
5073:
5067:
5057:
5028:
5022:
5016:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4951:
4944:
4919:
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4892:, retrieved
4870:
4860:
4830:(1): 87–88.
4827:
4823:
4813:
4786:
4769:Google Books
4767:– via
4762:. Retrieved
4743:
4733:
4709:. New York:
4705:
4698:
4679:
4667:
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4638:
4627:. Retrieved
4616:
4607:
4598:
4581:the original
4570:
4561:
4526:
4520:
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4488:(1): 14–30.
4485:
4479:
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4285:
4272:
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4201:
4192:
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4170:
4160:
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4122:
4081:
4073:the original
4068:
4059:
4040:
4012:
4006:
3994:. Retrieved
3980:
3972:the original
3967:
3958:
3923:
3919:
3909:
3859:Medlineplus
3840:. Retrieved
3836:the original
3831:
3807:. Retrieved
3803:the original
3798:
3795:"Psychopath"
3774:. Retrieved
3770:the original
3765:
3756:
3744:. Retrieved
3740:the original
3735:
3695:
3685:
3656:
3650:
3631:September 4,
3629:. Retrieved
3620:
3600:Google Books
3598:– via
3592:. Retrieved
3568:
3545:. Retrieved
3523:(3): 391–8.
3520:
3514:
3508:
3497:
3484:
3478:
3465:
3442:
3404:
3352:
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3202:
3199:Partridge GE
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2979:
2969:
2957:. Retrieved
2948:
2938:
2927:. Retrieved
2923:
2914:
2801:
2762:
2745:
2743:
2739:dark triadic
2735:Oliver James
2722:productivity
2698:
2690:
2686:
2662:
2658:
2641:
2628:
2624:
2587:
2579:
2568:
2559:
2551:
2540:
2531:pharmacology
2507:
2503:
2485:
2467:
2453:
2425:
2417:
2408:
2389:
2365:
2361:
2322:narcissistic
2311:
2283:
2265:
2254:
2244:
2238:
2229:
2225:
2216:
2184:
2182:
2153:
2122:
2100:
2097:
2093:serotonergic
2080:testosterone
2077:
2064:
2055:neuroimaging
2052:
2036:white matter
2032:
1981:
1973:
1958:Neurological
1932:conditioning
1929:
1901:
1876:
1846:Sexual abuse
1834:
1830:
1823:
1808:
1799:
1780:
1715:
1712:Brain injury
1706:
1697:Phineas Gage
1674:
1662:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1586:
1569:intelligence
1562:
1550:white matter
1521:
1499:
1491:
1482:
1467:
1463:
1451:
1441:
1419:
1400:
1389:
1376:sexual crime
1373:
1341:
1325:
1321:psychosocial
1306:
1302:
1295:
1285:effect sizes
1278:
1274:
1248:
1244:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1206:
1185:
1176:Adrian Raine
1160:
1140:
1129:
1108:
1100:
1071:
1053:
1041:psychoticism
1038:
1027:
1018:
1008:
1006:
991:
971:
963:
958:frontal lobe
951:
931:
917:
914:
909:
901:
899:
889:
884:
859:Adolf Hitler
840:
827:
823:
821:
805:
799:
796:20th century
786:psychopathic
785:
783:
772:
760:
746:
742:Theophrastus
725:
714:
710:
702:
698:
694:
690:
684:
678:
675:
662:
658:
656:
652:social norms
647:
635:
631:
629:
619:
617:
612:
609:psychopathic
608:
602:
596:
579:
573:
571:
544:
542:
535:
525:
519:
511:
507:
503:
489:
479:
471:
469:
426:Although no
425:
398:
394:
386:
380:
377:psychiatrist
371:
365:, masked by
332:
328:
327:
239:Risk factors
101:
83:
46:
37:This is the
31:
14892:Criminology
14882:Psychopathy
14861:Victimology
14836:Psychopathy
14658:Persecution
14633:Humiliation
14623:Gaslighting
14606:Elder abuse
14557:Child abuse
14372:Remorseless
14287:Psychopathy
14094:Yellow rain
13714:Philippines
13574:Spamouflage
13559:Little Pink
13413:Rothschilds
13403:Red mercury
13118:Gaslighting
13069:Lying press
13039:Doublespeak
12805:MedlinePlus
12405:(1): 54–61.
12269:(1): 3–13.
12005:17 December
11990:Mayo Clinic
11498:: 257–263.
11217:(9): 1011.
11019:L'Encéphale
10544:Jurimetrics
9966:: 147–154.
9469:(1): 7–28.
8471:(1): 1–29.
7923:. pp.
7268:(1): 1–24.
7062:Morton RJ.
6947:: 499–513.
6755:: 253–260.
6660:: 125–132.
6594:: 253–258.
6449:: 133–148.
5995:: 121–135.
5347:: 556–563.
5213:: 693–709.
4711:Basic Books
3872:Psychopathy
3842:January 21,
3809:January 21,
3776:January 21,
3058:: 913–938.
3001:2066/236779
2861:attachments
2816:its history
2804:exaggerated
2797:Shakespeare
2777:criminology
2718:absenteeism
2554:reliability
2308:Comorbidity
2280:Other tools
2235:DSM and ICD
2142:digit ratio
2074:Biochemical
2001:hippocampus
1687:Environment
1649:utilitarian
1605:vocal tones
1446:ideological
1360:impulsivity
1259:Criminality
1212:Core traits
1082:dark tetrad
1049:impulsivity
1034:anxiousness
988:Measurement
974:paradoxical
940:and social
836:self-report
765:Julius Koch
761:Psychopathy
731:Deuteronomy
715:psychopathy
703:psychopathy
695:psychopathy
681:Robert Hare
663:psychopathy
648:psychopathy
559:MedlinePlus
545:psychopathy
472:psychopathy
428:psychiatric
407:(ASPD) and
337:personality
329:Psychopathy
220:impulsivity
180:criminology
110:Psychopathy
84:Psychopaths
14897:Dark triad
14876:Categories
14816:Narcissism
14638:Incivility
14628:Harassment
14458:Sociopathy
14433:Narcissism
14408:Dark triad
14301:In fiction
14221:PolitiFact
14149:Opposition
14025:Sandy Hook
13824:on Estonia
13758:Soviet era
13671:Team Jorge
13647:Godi-media
13408:Reptilians
13378:Illuminati
13237:Truthiness
13227:Social bot
13190:Propaganda
13123:Half-truth
13098:False flag
12642:Dutton, K.
12544:2018-02-16
12343:2022-01-25
12285:2019-07-15
12213:2012-06-23
12174:2020-11-19
11968:January 5,
11899:2015-01-13
11603:2022-01-25
11288:2023-03-04
11124:2016-02-03
10901:2023-12-30
10872:2023-12-30
10786:2022-01-06
10698:Assessment
10481:2009-09-11
10448:2009-01-27
10415:2014-05-07
10405:MAI Review
9241:2022-09-27
9118:2022-05-01
8654:2020-08-23
8532:(1): 5–7.
7973:January 5,
7831:2018-02-16
7719:(1): 1–7.
7697:2018-10-25
7628:January 5,
7597:January 5,
7366:2022-01-25
7308:2020-09-24
7078:January 1,
7015:: e72484.
6896:: 740–67.
6864:2016-02-03
6816:2016-02-03
6714:: 436–45.
6562:2023-01-30
6392:: 134–41.
6326:2018-02-16
6292:2018-02-16
6260:2018-02-16
5685:2023-09-22
5647:Assessment
5494:2016-02-03
5448:2016-02-03
5402:2016-02-03
5185:2022-01-25
5150:: 131–44.
5115:2019-01-22
5080:: 131–44.
5035:: 626–35.
4894:2024-04-21
4764:2016-02-03
4713:. p.
4629:2018-02-16
4250:: 110124.
4207:2024-07-10
4184:2024-06-19
4171:StatPearls
3895:Psychopath
3861:Psychopath
3703:. p.
3663:: 169–77.
3594:January 5,
3547:2018-10-02
3359:: 95–162.
2929:2024-04-11
2906:References
2873:insecurity
2825:con artist
2821:archetypal
2799:'s works.
2773:psychiatry
2765:sociopathy
2753:In fiction
2644:recidivism
2604:under the
2470:refractory
2459:Management
2447:in severe
2436:histrionic
2432:antisocial
2357:depression
2326:borderline
2318:histrionic
1984:prefrontal
1936:punishment
1924:See also:
1915:Mechanisms
1888:altruistic
1871:See also:
1831:two factor
1434:Terrorists
1430:war crimes
1414:See also:
1336:predicting
1317:aggression
1124:parasomnia
1078:dark triad
1063:narcissism
1032:(low) and
1002:depression
874:Definition
857:suggested
848:propaganda
722:Precursors
711:sociopathy
699:sociopathy
691:sociopathy
659:sociopathy
657:The terms
636:sociopathy
626:Sociopathy
620:psychopath
613:psychopath
508:psychopath
413:sociopathy
360:egocentric
308:Medication
287:Prevention
224:narcissism
202:, lack of
172:Psychiatry
76:Sycophancy
18:Psychopath
14791:Isolation
14611:Financial
14352:Impulsive
14347:Grandiose
14216:NewsGuard
14211:Logically
14206:Full Fact
14103:Venezuela
14037:Fake news
13925:AK Trolls
13616:Funkspiel
13138:Infodemic
13054:Fake news
13029:Denialism
13024:Deception
12382:145582366
12095:1469-493X
11664:220339235
11648:1524-8380
11574:1433-0407
11514:1179-1411
10943:2076-328X
10826:1939-134X
10745:cite book
10726:206655518
10556:0897-1277
10241:0306-4530
10125:0269-8811
10070:0268-1315
9869:CiteSeerX
9567:0149-7634
9375:1939-1455
9158:0191-8869
9108:244730442
9092:1942-969X
8789:1873-7528
8465:Cognition
8363:0003-990X
8280:29 August
8267:150699596
7873:1469-7610
7782:0002-953X
7741:145437921
7733:1614-0001
7671:0001-8244
7518:Routledge
7348:1939-134X
7282:1079-0632
7119:1355-3259
6898:CiteSeerX
6608:0160-2527
5882:219505223
4936:0963-7214
4844:1949-2723
4465:144068583
4422:982958263
4264:0191-8869
3746:August 1,
3576:Company.
3229:0002-953X
3215:: 53–99.
3185:0092-6566
3010:1939-1846
2655:Frequency
2638:Prognosis
2526:clozapine
2163:Diagnosis
2137:serotonin
2109:prolactin
2101:increased
2088:serotonin
2044:no effect
1897:fertility
1884:parasitic
1835:triarchic
1642:amorality
1621:happiness
1518:Cognition
1328:construct
1254:Offending
1193:cognition
1136:hypomania
784:The term
753:Pritchard
707:psychosis
588:delusions
580:psychotic
575:psychosis
572:The term
543:The term
521:pathology
470:The word
466:Etymology
449:psychosis
356:impulsive
340:construct
318:Prognosis
295:Treatment
269:psychosis
167:Specialty
64:Psychosis
14703:Stalking
14616:Marriage
14577:marriage
14572:military
14552:Bullying
14294:Contexts
14241:USAFacts
14231:StopFake
14127:Force 47
14032:COVID-19
13956:Euromyth
13707:Peñabots
13581:COVID-19
13486:COVID-19
13471:Vaccines
13336:Examples
13222:Smearing
12860:Archived
12693:(2014).
12662:(1999).
12655:(e-book)
12538:Archived
12499:15946623
12491:20422644
12334:Archived
12330:19243821
12279:Archived
12168:Archived
12130:Archived
12113:32880105
12056:24698103
11999:Archived
11962:Archived
11929:12 March
11923:Archived
11893:Archived
11845:10 March
11839:Archived
11812:10 March
11782:12 March
11776:Archived
11772:26359751
11742:Kumari V
11693:12 March
11687:Archived
11656:16785285
11594:Archived
11590:38652290
11582:24549689
11532:22723733
11473:20610135
11399:26382954
11350:26325039
11309:PLOS ONE
11282:Archived
11270:17018169
11231:12964563
11118:Archived
11077:15177992
11039:20620268
11003:Archived
10961:26797641
10927:(1): 5.
10895:Archived
10866:Archived
10844:24320762
10780:Archived
10718:21393315
10660:Archived
10640:40939723
10632:15070462
10597:Archived
10574:24944437
10517:Archived
10498:Archived
10475:Archived
10386:20850185
10310:20228805
10259:21978869
10194:Archived
10190:19350747
10182:23644029
10141:13239172
10133:12870570
10088:21909028
10031:25283165
9980:25145808
9942:20674598
9891:17201574
9801:40617060
9793:16613435
9758:19583882
9709:18638646
9671:Archived
9610:16168013
9575:36116578
9532:19833485
9483:18327824
9446:19445007
9408:Archived
9391:19644741
9383:26302165
9338:23424583
9277:26158983
9235:Archived
9210:27 April
9112:Archived
9100:34843347
9053:22752782
9000:10 April
8994:Archived
8917:Archived
8913:22390288
8859:21768207
8797:22944264
8749:24359488
8700:42581610
8692:11432605
8648:Archived
8644:12428783
8595:11761284
8548:12509310
8497:Archived
8493:16366546
8443:16712954
8381:19736355
8324:: 63–77.
8271:Archived
8222:Archived
8218:18370617
8169:19506560
8123:18434283
8069:July 10,
8024:24673881
7964:Archived
7962:. 2013.
7891:27516046
7825:Archived
7800:27056607
7691:Archived
7679:14574136
7622:Archived
7612:Hare R.
7591:Archived
7581:Hare R.
7568:20422645
7462:28931447
7427:20101592
7360:Archived
7356:23088204
7302:Archived
7298:36102945
7290:15017823
7235:14593792
7200:33364099
7123:Archived
7072:Archived
7049:24023744
7004:PLOS ONE
6961:21255891
6920:20804235
6858:Archived
6810:Archived
6769:17444531
6728:12150419
6684:20148183
6620:Archived
6616:19409615
6592:Elsevier
6556:Archived
6530:Archived
6526:18837606
6475:Archived
6471:40939723
6463:15070462
6410:Archived
6406:19345418
6390:Elsevier
6320:Archived
6286:Archived
6254:Archived
6225:23 April
6219:Archived
6189:16449704
6137:Archived
6104:Archived
6053:Archived
6017:27711931
6009:25749197
5965:23 April
5941:27911790
5847:18693491
5820:40939723
5812:15070462
5777:15704627
5679:Archived
5675:17524487
5667:24322012
5611:439–453.
5598:30675346
5590:24022650
5488:Archived
5442:Archived
5396:Archived
5345:Elsevier
5304:(2004).
5302:Otto F K
5227:25130868
5176:Archived
5172:19223010
5164:16492104
5106:Archived
5102:19223010
5094:16492104
5049:15535794
4852:23339319
4758:Archived
4687:Archived
4623:Archived
4457:11623816
4382:11911046
4179:31536279
4149:Archived
4130:Archived
4111:Archived
4089:Archived
3990:Archived
3986:"Psycho"
3950:18174608
3898:Archived
3875:Archived
3864:Archived
3693:(1999).
3677:16184054
3625:Archived
3588:Archived
3541:Archived
3489:Archived
3385:Archived
3373:26167886
3103:(1999).
3072:19583890
3018:34472890
2953:Archived
2879:See also
2849:bogeyman
2841:offender
2812:antihero
2730:charming
2706:conflict
2702:bullying
2464:Clinical
2445:variance
2441:etiology
2349:neurotic
2334:schizoid
2330:paranoid
2149:estrogen
2146:prenatal
2129:dopamine
2114:5-HTTLPR
2084:cortisol
2025:temporal
2013:striatum
1997:amygdala
1909:spandrel
1892:trusting
1743:amygdala
1625:fusiform
1528:amygdala
1384:sadistic
1298:violence
1292:Violence
965:Meanness
946:amygdala
933:Boldness
879:Concepts
755:(1835; "
734:21:18–21
212:violence
192:Boldness
187:Symptoms
43:reviewed
14724:more...
14653:Neglect
14562:neglect
14332:Callous
14115:Vietnam
13786:Seat 12
13657:OpIndia
13609:Germany
13076:Fallacy
13049:Factoid
12987:Big lie
12884:npr.org
12691:Kiehl K
12660:Hare RD
12644:(2012)
12104:8094881
12047:4255317
11523:3379858
11390:4629071
11341:4556482
11318:Bibcode
11278:2566320
11166:2266219
10952:4810039
10835:4100942
10682:Witness
10565:4059069
10377:3506166
10301:2916168
10250:3262096
10200:7 March
10079:3202964
10022:4737229
9933:3006062
9749:2709751
9523:2784035
9329:3573869
9312:: 549.
9285:2565416
9144:: 1–6.
9044:3937069
8904:4603562
8850:3427868
8805:2596760
8740:3970241
8603:1951812
8485:7587017
8434:2765815
8372:3192811
8114:2606709
8015:4145052
7882:5340563
7791:5008992
7687:8480586
7470:4968732
7040:3759386
7017:Bibcode
6675:2817979
6626:8 April
6416:1 April
6143:15 July
6110:5 April
6100:3478417
5932:5167137
5909:Bibcode
5699:111394.
5361:6535576
5008:8201078
4553:7950601
4544:2541046
4502:8425387
3941:2632489
3691:Hare RD
3537:1918618
3503:Hare RD
3471:Hare RD
3381:8521465
3101:Hare RD
3080:6105750
2959:12 June
2869:anguish
2808:villain
2781:critics
2590:England
2199:and in
2086:and/or
2021:frontal
1988:temporo
1788:Please
1671:Genetic
1613:sadness
1593:empathy
1352:remorse
1147:remorse
1036:(low).
1007:Marcus
592:reality
516:disease
500:Germany
455:History
348:remorse
344:empathy
335:, is a
208:remorse
204:empathy
72:Psychic
14771:Denial
14567:sexual
14226:Snopes
14042:online
13962:Lancet
13908:Turkey
13746:Russia
13702:Mexico
13690:Kuwait
13666:Israel
13525:Canada
13481:autism
13427:Health
13059:online
12875:, 2001
12873:Nature
12810:000921
12761:
12735:
12724:
12701:
12676:
12651:
12631:
12614:
12600:
12579:
12497:
12489:
12448:London
12380:
12328:
12160:
12111:
12101:
12093:
12054:
12044:
11954:
11867:
11770:
11723:
11662:
11654:
11646:
11588:
11580:
11572:
11530:
11520:
11512:
11471:
11397:
11387:
11348:
11338:
11276:
11268:
11229:
11190:
11164:
11110:
11075:
11037:
10995:
10959:
10949:
10941:
10842:
10832:
10824:
10724:
10716:
10638:
10630:
10572:
10562:
10554:
10384:
10374:
10308:
10298:
10257:
10247:
10239:
10188:
10180:
10139:
10131:
10123:
10086:
10076:
10068:
10029:
10019:
9978:
9940:
9930:
9889:
9871:
9840:
9799:
9791:
9756:
9746:
9707:
9608:
9573:
9565:
9530:
9520:
9481:
9444:
9389:
9381:
9373:
9336:
9326:
9283:
9275:
9193:
9156:
9106:
9098:
9090:
9051:
9041:
8911:
8901:
8857:
8847:
8803:
8795:
8787:
8747:
8737:
8698:
8690:
8642:
8601:
8593:
8546:
8491:
8483:
8441:
8431:
8394:Press.
8379:
8369:
8361:
8265:
8216:
8167:
8121:
8111:
8022:
8012:
7931:
7889:
7879:
7871:
7798:
7788:
7780:
7739:
7731:
7685:
7677:
7669:
7566:
7524:
7495:
7468:
7460:
7425:
7388:
7354:
7346:
7296:
7288:
7280:
7243:486057
7241:
7233:
7198:
7117:
7047:
7037:
6959:
6918:
6900:
6850:
6802:
6767:
6726:
6682:
6672:
6614:
6606:
6524:
6469:
6461:
6404:
6352:
6187:
6098:
6015:
6007:
5939:
5929:
5880:
5845:
5818:
5810:
5775:
5745:
5673:
5665:
5596:
5588:
5524:
5480:
5434:
5388:
5359:
5316:
5281:
5252:
5225:
5170:
5162:
5100:
5092:
5047:
5006:
4967:
4934:
4885:
4850:
4842:
4750:
4721:
4655:
4551:
4541:
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