129:
131:
136:
134:
130:
135:
133:
132:
61:, and, due to their widespread presence in the information space, exercises direct control over the media landscape and information dissemination accordingly. This makes people in Belarus vulnerable to state propaganda, as they have little access to alternative and independent media. The main purpose of the propaganda is to preserve power, spread
684:
Universities also help prop up the regime by teaching a mandatory course called "The
Fundamentals of Belarusian State Ideology", introduced in 2003 because of Mr Lukashenko's fears that professors were spreading seditious ideas about pluralism, democracy and liberalism. This course tends to lean in a
362:
Since the first wave of protests in 2020, Belarusian state-run TV channels, with the help of media experts from Russia, have not only coordinated their disinformation narratives with pro-Kremlin media, but have also adopted the same tactics, such as picking on foreign diplomats.
240:
filmed videos, which were later shown on
Belarus-1, personally and commanded a group of security officials who beat out false testimonies from a group of people captured by the Main Directorate for Combating Organized Crime and Corruption of the MVD of the Republic of Belarus
1324:
392:
1317:
231:
broadcast a confession from a group of people who were allegedly paid by the coordinators for taking part in the protests. According to the testimony of one of the victims, on
September 29, 2020, in the police department of the
1318:"Sanctions program: Belarus: Verordnung vom 11. Dezember 2020 über Massnahmen gegenüber Belarus (SR 946.231.116.9), Anhang 1 Origin: EU Sanctions: Art. 2 Abs. 1 (Finanzsanktionen) und Art. 3 Abs. 1 (Ein- und Durchreiseverbot)"
87:
is carried on in schools, colleges, and universities: students receive one-sided messages about history and the current political situation. Out of
Lukashenko's fear that professors would spread inflammatory ideas about
1133:
1504:Как врет Лукашенко: разбираем пропаганду в Беларуси на примере Ryanair и Протасевича #Пересмотр (How Lukashenka is lying: we analyze propaganda in Belarus on the example of Ryanair and Protasevich #Rewatch)
718:
845:
69:. In particular, the propaganda tries to create the feeling that the state, the government, and Lukashenko are one. The focus on Lukashenko is stronger than it was on the heads of state back in the
1663:
1593:
781:
561:
284:, Belarusian state media journalists who refused to support official reports of Lukashenko's victory and operations against demonstrators were replaced by the Russian ones, including from
406:
Due to state propaganda, many journalists decided to leave their jobs in the state media of
Belarus in the summer and autumn of 2020. For example, during this period, about a quarter of
1613:
885:
1638:
672:
186:
In the presentation of
Belarusian propaganda, mass protests in 2020 are actions controlled by the West. Lukashenko himself stated in August 2020 that the West aimed at annexing the
1225:
159:, using of stylistically reduced vocabulary and hanging labels, all of which was the result of intoxication by their own propaganda, according to journalist Pavliuk Bykousky. The
751:
1828:
1720:
80:. Lukashenko is portrayed as the indispensable father of the nation and the guarantor of stability. Sport plays an important role in covering events as a source of patriotism.
1833:
1685:
1432:
1838:
1785:
1461:
1296:
1755:
1715:
1695:
1675:
1578:
1690:
415:
1818:
1770:
1765:
1740:
1598:
1745:
1705:
1658:
1653:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1603:
1588:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
396:
1823:
1790:
1760:
1730:
1710:
1680:
1648:
1633:
1608:
1700:
837:
256:
and Marat Markau, the head of the TV channel, labeled as an interview with
Protasevich. Protasevich was arrested by Belarusian authorities after his flight,
1800:
1270:
427:
384:
773:
164:
140:
Example of state propaganda - Lukashenko with a gun arrived by helicopter in the Palace of
Independence during one of the Sunday opposition marches
710:
543:
815:
1534:
1217:
1735:
1067:
867:
663:
410:
employees resigned: at least 80 out of 300, even despite threats from the channel's management to them in the form of criminal cases and
959:
743:
1428:
1725:
1494:
213:
1453:
1288:
505:
281:
1670:
201:; in addition, other methods are purposefully used, such as arrests of opposition members, for example, the members of the
1485:
586:
100:, a pro-Russian and pro-Soviet compulsory course "Fundamentals of the Ideology of the Belarusian State" was introduced in
1378:
1348:
481:
337:, so the child was seriously injured. However, the report said that the family just accidentally got in a car accident.
1527:
221:
1187:
1865:
1104:
458:
277:
152:
1246:
1100:
1004:
988:
411:
148:, Lukashenko downplayed the danger of the situation, and it was initially not allowed to report on the epidemic.
938:
268:. The program provoked much criticism and was seen by many as an element of tortures of the political prisoner.
1906:
1901:
1886:
1860:
1795:
872:
520:
202:
77:
1780:
1520:
1154:
1001:«Прызнаньне пад руляй аўтамата». Бацька Рамана Пратасевіча і Франак Вячорка пра «інтэрвію» Рамана Пратасевіча
120:, are seen as hostile. To be able to work in the state apparatus, candidates need to pass ideological tests.
1911:
1033:
145:
89:
960:"Plane carrying Belarusian opposition figure ordered to divert to Minsk by President Alexander Lukashenko"
1896:
446:
388:
291:
State media reported that the opposition threatened that school lessons would soon be conducted only in
1855:
1643:
1457:
934:
1891:
807:
489:
197:
violence against demonstrators and, among other things, tries to weaken the protest movement through
425:, while, as of June, Belteleradiocompany had 160 vacancies, the Belarus Today publishing house (the
811:
180:
160:
1059:
476:
Usau, Pavał (2007). "Ideology of
Belarusian State. Propaganda Mechanisms". In Pejda, Marta (ed.).
50:
25:
is the practice of state directed communication in order to promote patriotism and acceptance of
668:
352:
to unconsciousness, was drunk and intoxicated; this was contradicted by the independent portal
233:
1495:
Denis
Trubetskoy: Hetze gegen Belarus-Opposition. Lukaschenkos Medien feuern aus allen Rohren.
1093:"З АНТ звольніліся каля чвэрці усіх супрацоўнікаў. Кім іх замянілі і што там адбываецца цяпер"
841:
497:
463:
393:
list of people and organizations sanctioned in relation to human rights violations in Belarus
359:
Lukashenko thanked RT for its help in covering the protests after the presidential election.
931:"Фигурант "дела 11-ти участников чата": Карпенков лично снимал "покаяльное видео" на камеру"
329:
Belarus-1 also reported on a family that was in a car during protests against Lukashenko in
245:), who were beaten and threatened to say on camera that they were paid by the coordinators.
1750:
380:
323:
261:
220:" was going to use poison against law enforcement officers, but in the final report of the
168:
66:
8:
1775:
1489:
1020:
685:
pro-Russian direction, cultivating positive memories of the Soviet period, said Mr Milta.
372:
292:
265:
257:
194:
40:
34:
593:
299:, as most of them are bilingual, did not see the threat, said Ksenia Lutskina, a former
104:
institutions in 2003. In particular, Western states and their associations, such as the
1486:
Yanina Melnikava: Examining state propaganda and the need for media literacy in Belarus
237:
53:, Lukashenko's regime restricts it. The government supports state-owned media, such as
1218:"Евросоюз утвердил новый пакет санкций против представителей Беларуси. Кто в списке?"
877:
553:
501:
311:
253:
217:
46:
1191:
442:
TV channel, claiming that it incited national hatred and spread of disinformation.
315:
101:
517:
Democracy Assistance from the Third Wave: Polish Engagement in Belarus and Ukraine
1195:
774:"Против потенциальных рупоров протеста власти используют тактику выжженной земли"
407:
376:
341:
322:("Go away!"). However, these calls by the protest movement were directed against
285:
249:
1507:
1037:
747:
597:
421:
The exodus continued in 2021: in January there were more than 100 vacancies at
349:
345:
334:
198:
172:
117:
84:
1503:
1386:
1356:
1880:
1063:
1016:
881:
557:
187:
105:
340:
Belarusian state propaganda was supported by the Russian propaganda channel
714:
548:
422:
300:
1092:
1000:
984:
868:"Propaganda-Bruderhilfe: Kreml schickt Journalismus-Söldner nach Belarus"
544:"Belarus media strike: 'if we can't do honest journalism, we won't work'"
400:
296:
176:
208:
Shortly after the detention on September 15, 2020, of Stsiapan Latypau,
190:. According to him, Polish flags have already been flown in the region.
123:
1543:
1512:
1276:. Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation HM Treasury. 2021-06-25.
1158:
439:
97:
58:
26:
930:
744:"Propaganda in Belarus: Warum Mitarbeiter staatlicher Medien kündigen"
371:
Since 2006, the heads and leading propagandists of state-owned media (
264:
on 23 May 2021, because of a false bomb threat conveyed by Belarusian
41:
The situation with the media in Belarus, the goals of state propaganda
1409:
1221:
1125:
908:
777:
307:
228:
209:
93:
54:
30:
1129:
664:"As students protest, Belarusian universities aid regime crackdown"
356:, which published a doctor's report with the opposite information.
62:
1162:
1060:"Proteste gegen Lukaschenko — Wie geht es weiter in Belarus?"
224:
on the completion of the investigation, this version was missing.
1454:"Белтэлерадыёкампанію выключылі з Еўрапейскага вяшчальнага саюза"
1292:
1250:
1155:"Поўны спіс 208 беларускіх чыноўнікаў, якім забаронены ўезд у ЕС"
711:"Coronavirus bedroht nun doch Lukaschenkos Macht in Weißrussland"
435:
242:
21:
29:'s rule. Propaganda is distributed through state media, such as
1382:
1352:
353:
330:
113:
271:
1271:"CONSOLIDATED LIST OF FINANCIAL SANCTIONS TARGETS IN THE UK"
445:
On June 30, 2021, Belteleradiocompany was expelled from the
348:
officer claiming that the young man, who had been beaten by
1498:
156:
109:
70:
742:
Nevedomskaya, Tatyana; Ostaptschuk, Markian (2020-09-02).
644:
642:
640:
314:, which was accompanied by a chorus of voices shouting in
1407:Салаўёў, Сяргей (2021-06-11). "Трывога па ўсіх франтах".
838:"Belarus: Oppositionspolitikerin Kolesnikowa verschleppt"
1379:"Директор радио "Сталіца" уволился со своим коллективом"
1349:"В знак протеста увольняется коллектив радио "Сталіца""
741:
690:
637:
397:
Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List
310:
showed pictures of the speech of the opposition leader
1429:"В Україні заборонили державний білоруський телеканал"
155:, the state-owned media have been actively turning to
124:
Examples of propaganda and targeted misrepresentation
37:, but also educational institutions are used for it.
1287:
Shields, Michael (2021-07-07). Liffey, Kevin (ed.).
627:
625:
623:
1126:"Lukaschenko dankt russischem Sender RT für Hilfe"
985:Чаму ня варта аналізаваць «прызнаньні» Пратасевіча
836:Dicke, Tim Vincent; Möllers, Tobias (2020-09-07).
662:
478:Hopes, Illusions, Perspectives. Belarusian Society
76:The nature of the propaganda system dates back to
620:
608:
1878:
1323:. Staatssekretariat für Wirtschaft. 2021-07-07.
414:for that. In August, most of the staff left the
1247:"EUR-Lex - 02012D0642-20210621 - EN - EUR-Lex"
1528:
1431:(in Ukrainian). Четверта студія. 2021-06-10.
584:
480:. Madison: East European Democratic Centre /
1289:"Swiss widen sanctions list against Belarus"
835:
808:"Disinformation Fuels Hate on Belarusian TV"
399:, the sanction lists of the United Kingdom,
1185:
1034:"Blogger Protassewitsch "lobt" Lukaschenko"
1535:
1521:
1376:
696:
648:
514:
428:Sovetskaya Belorussiya – Belarus' Segodnya
385:Sovetskaya Belorussiya – Belarus' Segodnya
272:Support of Belarusian propaganda by Russia
771:
391:) have been repeatedly put in the EU-led
260:, was diverted to Minsk on the orders of
1542:
1086:
1084:
925:
923:
802:
800:
798:
660:
127:
1406:
1286:
1090:
737:
735:
494:Belarus. The last European Dictatorship
212:broadcast a story in which, citing the
1879:
1057:
765:
708:
587:"Die Politik der EU gegenüber Belarus"
541:
488:
1516:
1215:
1181:
1179:
1081:
920:
795:
216:, it was alleged that a resident of "
865:
732:
631:
614:
580:
578:
475:
193:Propaganda in Belarus falsifies the
163:cited as an example the programs of
496:(new ed.). New Haven, London:
431:newspaper, etc.) had 20 vacancies.
13:
1176:
859:
596:. pp. 167–170. Archived from
14:
1923:
1479:
654:
575:
438:banned the retransmission of the
16:Overview of propaganda in Belarus
1377:Мартинович, Денис (2020-08-26).
772:Быковский, Павлюк (2021-06-13).
57:, which have long been used for
1464:from the original on 2021-07-01
1446:
1435:from the original on 2021-06-11
1421:
1400:
1370:
1341:
1330:from the original on 2021-07-07
1310:
1299:from the original on 2021-07-07
1280:
1263:
1239:
1228:from the original on 2021-06-27
1209:
1147:
1136:from the original on 2020-09-28
1118:
1107:from the original on 2021-06-07
1101:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1070:from the original on 2021-01-21
1051:
1026:
1017:«Интервью с пленными не бывает»
1010:
1005:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
994:
989:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
977:
952:
941:from the original on 2021-06-30
899:
888:from the original on 2020-09-29
848:from the original on 2020-10-30
829:
818:from the original on 2021-07-08
784:from the original on 2021-06-20
754:from the original on 2021-01-22
721:from the original on 2021-03-25
675:from the original on 2020-10-05
564:from the original on 2021-01-14
482:University of Wisconsin–Madison
366:
873:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
702:
661:Matthews, David (2020-10-02).
535:
521:University of Pittsburgh Press
227:At the end of September 2020,
1:
1091:Свабода, Радыё (2020-11-20).
1058:Stöber, Silvia (2020-09-06).
528:
469:
459:2020–2021 Belarusian protests
280:against the allegedly rigged
278:2020–2021 Belarusian protests
1355:. 2020-08-19. Archived from
1161:. 2011-10-11. Archived from
866:Holm, Kerstin (2020-08-27).
709:Ballin, André (2020-05-01).
542:Walker, Shaun (2020-08-17).
515:Pospieszna, Paulina (2014).
395:, have been included in the
214:Ministry of Internal Affairs
146:COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus
45:Despite the proclamation of
7:
452:
447:European Broadcasting Union
389:Belarusian Telegraph Agency
10:
1928:
1458:European Radio for Belarus
935:Viasna Human Rights Centre
344:. RT showed a video of an
252:aired a program featuring
151:Against the background of
49:in Article 33 of the 1996
1847:
1809:
1551:
319:
812:East StratCom Task Force
181:Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya
161:East StratCom Task Force
222:Investigative Committee
179:towards protesters and
51:Constitution of Belarus
1594:Bosnia and Herzegovina
669:Times Higher Education
585:Rainer Ulrich (2010).
306:The state broadcaster
234:Pyershamayski District
141:
1907:Mass media in Belarus
1902:Propaganda by country
1887:Propaganda in Belarus
916:(730): 3. 2021-06-11.
842:Frankfurter Rundschau
498:Yale University Press
464:Censorship in Belarus
412:forced disappearances
282:presidential election
139:
33:, which are owned by
1216:МГ/АА (2021-06-21).
333:and was attacked by
262:Alexander Lukashenko
203:Coordination Council
67:Alexander Lukashenko
1912:Politics of Belarus
1810:States with limited
1188:"Суровые и спорные"
1021:Belarusian Partisan
423:Belteleradiocompany
373:Belteleradiocompany
301:Belteleradiocompany
266:air traffic control
258:Ryanair Flight 4978
153:protests since 2020
35:Belteleradiocompany
1897:Opposition to NATO
906:"Сцяпан Латыпаў".
434:On June 10, 2021,
238:Mikalai Karpiankou
175:is accompanied by
142:
1874:
1873:
1456:(in Belarusian).
1413:(in Belarusian).
1186:Мария Садовская.
1157:(in Belarusian).
1099:(in Belarusian).
983:Наста Захарэвіч.
912:(in Belarusian).
507:978-0-300-25921-6
484:. pp. 40–45.
312:Maria Kalesnikava
254:Roman Protasevich
248:On June 3, 2021,
218:Square of Changes
137:
65:, and popularize
47:freedom of speech
1919:
1892:Anti-Americanism
1552:Sovereign states
1537:
1530:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1385:. Archived from
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1329:
1322:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1194:. Archived from
1192:Belorusy i rynok
1183:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1088:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1030:
1024:
1014:
1008:
1007:, 4 June 2021 р.
998:
992:
991:, 3 June 2021 р.
981:
975:
974:
972:
971:
956:
950:
949:
947:
946:
927:
918:
917:
903:
897:
896:
894:
893:
863:
857:
856:
854:
853:
833:
827:
826:
824:
823:
804:
793:
792:
790:
789:
769:
763:
762:
760:
759:
739:
730:
729:
727:
726:
706:
700:
694:
688:
687:
681:
680:
666:
658:
652:
646:
635:
629:
618:
612:
606:
604:
602:
594:Universität Wien
591:
582:
573:
572:
570:
569:
539:
524:
511:
485:
416:Radio "Stolitsa"
321:
303:correspondent.
138:
102:higher education
1927:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1843:
1829:Northern Cyprus
1811:
1805:
1726:North Macedonia
1547:
1541:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1467:
1465:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1438:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1405:
1401:
1392:
1390:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1360:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1302:
1300:
1285:
1281:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1255:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1231:
1229:
1214:
1210:
1201:
1199:
1184:
1177:
1168:
1166:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1110:
1108:
1089:
1082:
1073:
1071:
1056:
1052:
1043:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1015:
1011:
999:
995:
982:
978:
969:
967:
958:
957:
953:
944:
942:
929:
928:
921:
905:
904:
900:
891:
889:
864:
860:
851:
849:
834:
830:
821:
819:
806:
805:
796:
787:
785:
770:
766:
757:
755:
740:
733:
724:
722:
707:
703:
697:Pospieszna 2014
695:
691:
678:
676:
659:
655:
649:Pospieszna 2014
647:
638:
630:
621:
613:
609:
600:
589:
583:
576:
567:
565:
540:
536:
531:
508:
500:. p. 384.
472:
455:
408:All-National TV
377:All-National TV
369:
274:
250:All-National TV
128:
126:
116:and the entire
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1925:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1801:United Kingdom
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1656:
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566:. Retrieved
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83:Significant
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1812:recognition
1786:Switzerland
1721:Netherlands
401:Switzerland
297:Belarusians
295:, although
276:During the
177:hate speech
144:During the
112:, but also
1881:Categories
1866:Yugoslavia
1756:San Marino
1716:Montenegro
1696:Luxembourg
1676:Kazakhstan
1579:Azerbaijan
1544:Propaganda
1468:2021-07-01
1439:2021-06-11
1393:2020-10-01
1363:2020-10-01
1334:2021-07-10
1303:2021-07-10
1256:2021-08-05
1232:2021-06-27
1202:2009-07-28
1169:2021-05-05
1159:Nasha Niva
1140:2020-09-23
1111:2021-06-20
1074:2021-03-25
1044:2021-06-20
970:2021-07-23
945:2021-06-30
892:2020-09-23
852:2020-09-23
822:2021-07-08
788:2021-06-20
758:2020-09-23
725:2020-09-23
679:2020-12-17
568:2020-09-23
529:References
470:Literature
440:Belarus 24
381:Capital TV
324:Lukashenko
293:Belarusian
236:of Minsk,
169:Capital TV
98:liberalism
59:propaganda
27:Lukashenko
1691:Lithuania
1546:in Europe
1417:(730): 3.
1410:Novy Chas
1222:Belsat TV
909:Novy Chas
882:0174-4909
778:naviny.by
632:Usau 2007
615:Usau 2007
558:0261-3077
308:Belarus-1
229:Belarus-1
210:Belarus-1
195:Militsiya
94:democracy
90:pluralism
55:Belarus 1
31:Belarus-1
1819:Abkhazia
1771:Slovenia
1766:Slovakia
1741:Portugal
1599:Bulgaria
1497: —
1488: —
1462:Archived
1433:Archived
1325:Archived
1297:Archived
1226:Archived
1134:Archived
1130:T-Online
1105:Archived
1068:Archived
939:Archived
886:Archived
846:Archived
816:Archived
782:Archived
752:Archived
719:Archived
673:Archived
562:Archived
492:(2021).
453:See also
63:ideology
1796:Ukraine
1746:Romania
1706:Moldova
1664:Ireland
1659:Iceland
1654:Hungary
1644:Germany
1639:Georgia
1629:Finland
1624:Estonia
1619:Denmark
1604:Croatia
1589:Belgium
1584:Belarus
1574:Austria
1569:Armenia
1564:Andorra
1559:Albania
1293:Reuters
1251:EUR-Lex
436:Ukraine
316:Russian
243:GUBOPiK
22:Belarus
1824:Kosovo
1791:Turkey
1781:Sweden
1761:Serbia
1751:Russia
1736:Poland
1731:Norway
1711:Monaco
1681:Latvia
1649:Greece
1634:France
1609:Cyprus
1383:TUT.BY
1353:TUT.BY
880:
556:
504:
354:Tut.By
331:Grodno
320:Уходи!
171:where
157:hoaxes
114:Poland
1776:Spain
1701:Malta
1671:Italy
1328:(PDF)
1321:(PDF)
1274:(PDF)
601:(PDF)
590:(PDF)
167:from
1499:n-tv
1490:IFEX
878:ISSN
554:ISSN
502:ISBN
350:OMON
346:OMON
335:OMON
110:NATO
96:and
71:USSR
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