979:, located in Rio downtown. It was already afternoon and Deodoro da Fonseca as well as the other rebels had returned to their homes. Unbeknownst to Gaston, Deodoro had not overthrown the Emperor, but only the Cabinet and the rebellion seemed to be all over. Pedro II told the prince that he was going to dissolve the rebel battalions. Gaston, far more realistic, complained that the rebels would not simply put their arms down by themselves. He also urged the monarch to form a new cabinet, since the country was effectively without a government. Pedro II did not bother, and told him that he would wait for the prime minister Viscount of Ouro Preto. "But the ministers are prisoners of the rebels: how does Your Majesty wants them to able to continue to govern?", asked the Prince. No matter what Gaston or the politicians and army officers told him, Pedro II did nothing nor allowed anyone to do anything during those precious hours. Tired of waiting, Gaston requested the presence of all Counselors of State to discuss the present and serious situation. As the Emperor refused to meet them, some of the counselors simply gave up and departed.
565:
655:
2867:
238:
1698:(who would later lead a major rebellion against the republic in 1893) as his replacement, which was accepted. Silveira Martins was traveling then, and he was expected to arrive in Rio in three days only. Upon learning that from another person, Gaston complained to Pedro II of the mistake he was making: "How does Your Majesty wants us to stay three days without a government, in the present circumstances?" The Emperor: "They shall wait." Gaston: "But it is said that a provisional government has been created, composed of Deodoro, BocaiĂșva and Benjamin Constant. Tomorrow in the morning, is not in this very night, we will see its proclamations posted." The Emperor: "I know that, I know that ." Gaston: "At least summon the Council of State to help you." The Emperor: "Later on."
3276:
247:
51:
819:
3532:
923:
914:
862:
1919:
798:
789:. He was also criticized for ordering the decapitation of commander Pedro Pablo Caballero and Patricio Marecos, head politician of the village. In September, the Count became greatly depressed, due to the high number of deaths caused by the conflict. Until the end of the war on 1 March 1870, he participated nominally in the action of the allied army. When he returned to Brazil on 29 April 1870, he was received as a war hero. He was also nominated as a member of the Council of State on 6 July of the same year.
983:
also accused Gaston of being the one responsible for what the rebels regarded as harassment from the government against the Army. That revealed how successful had been the republican propaganda against the prince, who held absolutely no influence or power in the government. The
Imperial family was banished and departed to Europe on 17 November. Despite the lack of any will to resist from Pedro II, there was significant monarchist reaction after the fall of the empire, which was thoroughly repressed.
363:
604:
900:, he became a member of several foreign and Brazilian associations. He was decorated with the medal of the Surrender of Uruguaiana; the Military Merit; the Campaign of Africa and the grand-crosses of Ernest Pious of Saxony; the Orders of the Tower and Sword of the Value, Loyalty and Merit of Christ and of Saint Bento of Avis of Portugal; the order of Leopold of Belgium; the Order of the Red Eagle of Mexico; and was made a knight of the Order of Saint Fernando of Spain.
1015:
734:
646:, gave his opinion regarding the two cousins when they first arrived in Brazil. He said that the duke of Saxe "had only interest in spending his life in a lazy and amusing way, he liked a lot of hunting and appreciated a lot the many joys that existed in Europe, while the comte d'Eu with all the defects that I can point at him, cared sincerely and a lot for Brazil and, believe it or not, he still loves it today with intensity and no second intention."
951:(a neighborhood in Rio) "with no preoccupation at all", in his own words. Upon his return, he read all Rio's newspapers and only one mentioned that apparently a mutiny had occurred in the Military Academy and the Cabinet had met to deal with the matter. Little did Gaston know that a rebellion among the Army corps â led by Field Marshal (nowadays Divisional General) Deodoro da Fonseca â had removed from power by force the Cabinet the night before.
722:, along with observances of his fellow soldiers. "While Gaston showed in all occasions a great interest for the things of Brazil, observing, asking, visiting all the places and going after correct and accurate information, while the other did not show anything except for indifference and lack of ambition." He was later nominated general commander of the artillery and president of the Commission of Improvements of the Army on 19 November 1865.
504:
302:
947:
of the main primary sources used by historians. At the night of 14 November 1889 Gaston was in Rio de
Janeiro in his home making the preparations to a reception in honor of Chilean Navy officers visiting the city. A Brazilian major came to warn him of something important, but being too busy and not told of how grave the matter was, Gaston did not meet him. At 8 am of the next day, 15 November, he went to ride with his sons in
834:
depression she suffered from, presuming that she somehow could have avoided Pedro's birth defect. His happiness became visible in the letter that he wrote to his father soon after the birth of his third child, in which he stated, "We are really happy, grateful and glad. Having two healthy children after so many misfortunes that made me lose any hope of becoming a father, exceeds what I dared myself to expect."
810:
episode, where Gaston ordered the troops to set fire in a hospital full of wounded
Paraguayan soldiers that resulted in the death of more than a hundred victims. However, the hospital may have been collateral damage caused by allied bombardment at the beginning of the battle, directed on the Paraguayan military defense and not as the result of a deliberate desire of killing defenseless people.
1031:. The following year, the Count of Eu died of natural causes at sea off the coast of Brazil, on 28 August 1922, during a journey that would take him back to Brazil to celebrate the first centenary of independence. His body and that of Princess Isabel returned to Brazil together on 7 July 1953, to be buried in the Imperial Mausoleum of the Cathedral of PetrĂłpolis on 12 May 1971.
935:
1694:
accept those resignations." Gaston: "But the ministers are prisoners of the rebels: how does Your
Majesty want them to able to continue to govern?" The Emperor: "But yes! Ouro Preto shall come talk to me." Some time later, Ouro Preto was released and met alone with the Emperor in the palace. The former suggested Pedro II the name of the liberal senator
954:
Around 9h30 and 10h a.m. Gaston was told by two officers of what had happened. Soon others, including military officers, arrived "with confusing news". Upon hearing, Gaston commented: "In this case, the monarchy has ended." Nonetheless, he dressed himself in his uniform of
Marshal of the Army, hoping
890:
Whatever was possible to make him earn the title of
Brazilian he made it: regulations, projects of law for better organization of the Army and perfecting of its material of war; schools, libraries, orphanages for the abandoned children; everything that could help the unprotected or the diverse groups
881:
created serious discord between Gaston and his father-in-law, almost to the point of disruption had not Isabel interceded. She attempted to mediate the misunderstandings between the emperor and her husband. As time passed, Gaston became used to the idea of not having any power. It was 1889, before he
725:
On two occasions throughout the conflict, Gaston sent requests to the
Emperor asking him to authorize his participation in the war against Paraguay. The Council of State declined his request. The rationale was a strategic act, believing that the presence of a prince in the conflict would escalate the
946:
Gaston was one of the few eyewitnesses of the military coup d'EtĂĄt that overthrew the Empire who left written memoirs of it. His three letters â written while he was still in Rio and later aboard the ship that was taking the
Imperial family to exile â gives a detailed account of the coup and are one
833:
Although crippled by a defect in the left arm caused by problems in childbirth, Pedro was a very healthy child and would be affectionately called "Baby" by his parents, even as a young adult. The Count always treated his wife with patience, pleasantness and determination to help her pass through the
805:
After the 1960s, revisionist historians appeared, portraying the Gaston d'OrlĂ©ans as a bloodthirsty mass murderer. Some historians, like JĂșlio Jose
Chiavenato, accuse him of having committed war crimes and being most interested in engaging in war, if only to pursue LĂłpez. Revisionist historians also
753:
He used diversified tactics to deceive the
Paraguayan army about how and where the allied army would carry its attacks. In the opinion of the Viscount of Taunay, Gaston showed "great strategical ability, cool temper, patience of an experienced leader and unquestionable courage." He also participated
580:
on Morocco. The young Gaston was sent as a subordinate officer to participate in the conflict on the side of the Spanish forces. The Spanish military consisted of more than 40,000 soldiers, while the Moroccan troops numbered about 140,000 men. The Count participated in all of the battles, and after
971:
where they could resist the coup. Gaston agreed and tried to reach the telegraph central by telephone to request it to tell Emperor Pedro II to stay in PetrĂłpolis. At that point, however, the republicans had taken control of the telegraph central. Nonetheless, a telegraph message informed them that
873:
Following his marriage to Isabel, Gaston participated actively in the Brazilian government, making commentaries and offering advice about the development of the country. The idea of living as a mere shadow to his wife deeply dissatisfied him. However, Pedro II never allowed either Gaston nor Isabel
982:
The ones who stood agreed to send an envoy to Deodoro to make peace with him. A major was sent and met with the rebel leader in his home at 3 am of 16 November, lying down in his bed, very sick. Deodoro told him that now was too late and he had made his mind and that the monarchy was over. He
895:
Gaston visited almost all of the provinces of the country, more than any other member of the imperial family. He travelled to the southern region, as well as the northeast and the far north of Brazil. By the end of the Empire, he made a great trip to the north of Brazil being very well received by
1693:
The Emperor: "My opinion is to dissolve the battalions." Gaston: "Easy to say, but how does Your Majesty wants to dissolve the corps which has taken arms against Your Majesty? It is needed, first, that Your Majest appoint a cabinet, since the previous has resigned." The Emperor: "But I will not
852:
In 1882, Gaston chose Benjamin Franklin Ramiz GalvĂŁo, a professor at the School of Medicine of Rio de Janeiro and headmaster of the National Library, to educate his children. The prince recognized the professor's merit and did not care that Benjamin was a republican. Gaston and his wife provided
741:
On 22 March 1869, Gaston was assigned to lead as commander-in-chief of the allied armies, after the Marquis of Caxias renounced that position. This delegation of authority was based on the prestige as an officer of high rank, as well as his reputation and well-known capacity in military action.
809:
Recently, it has been found that the memoirs say something completely different. "There were bullets that still blew up in the field because of the fire in the grass that was started in the beginning of the battle by the Paraguayans to occult their tactical movement." There is a mention of an
885:
Gaston's exclusion from the Brazilian political arena necessitated the pursuit of alternate activities. He and his wife turned their attention toward philanthropic endeavors, choosing to support several charities and social institutions. José Avelino, who participated in the first Brazilian
830:, on 15 October 1875, brought much happiness for the couple, who for almost ten years had been unable to conceive. The arrival of their son also served to lighten the pain of the loss of their first child, Luisa Victoria, who died due to complications of childbirth on 28 July 1874.
600:, wrote a letter to her brother describing the Count. "If you could grab this one for one of your daughters it would be excellent. He is robust, high, handsome, good natured, very amiable, much instructed, studious, and in addition, he possesses now a small military fame."
1711:). They were defeated by Republican militias and policemen and several were killed. Others were executed. According to the source, other battalions across the country also unsuccessfully fought against policemen and militias loyal to the Republic (
654:
806:
accuse Gaston of having ordered a grass fire, in order to asphyxiate wounded Paraguayan soldiers who were still in the field after the battle of Acosta Ău. Chiavenato uses as a source, the memoirs of the Viscount of Taunay.
955:
that it could make the rebels change theirs minds upon seeing their former commander-in-chief in Paraguay. But soon changed back to his civilian clothes when others around him suggested that it would be useless. Senator
635:. However, after getting to know them better, the Emperor decided to invert the pairs. Gaston became attached to Isabel. They were married on 15 October 1864. Earlier, Gaston was awarded the Grand Cross of the Imperial
848:
The Count was a very simple person and tried to pass this characteristic on to his children. He had a complete aversion to the lifestyle of European nobility and royalty, which he called "futile" and "stupid".
917:
Military training, 1888. The Count of Eu (mounted, at the middle) was incapable of putting any effective resistance to the republican coup that occurred on 15 November 1889, despite the support of loyal Army
750:, the Paraguayan dictator, was futile and unnecessary. Gaston shared this belief. When he arrived at Paraguay, he reorganized the Brazilian army and fired the officers accused of pillage in enemy territory.
1026:
It was only in 1921 already as a widower that the Count of Eu could finally set foot back in Brazil. At this occasion he retrieved the bodies of his parents-in-law to bury in the Imperial Mausoleum of the
801:
The painting depicts the moment when the Count of Eu is unable to continue the attack against the Paraguayans by his aide-de-camp, Captain Almeida Castro, who holds the reins of the horse ridden by Gaston.
3948:
745:
The choice of Gaston as the new commander-in-chief, at the age of 27, brought joy to the Brazilian public. During this time a great number of Brazilian believed that the conflict and continued hunt for
696:
in the southern region of Brazil, Pedro II sent a letter to the couple requesting Gaston's presence in Brazil, directing the Count to join him and the Brazilian army, together with the Duke of Saxe.
726:
desire to conquer their country's territories. Additionally, it was unacceptable for the husband of the heiress of the throne to subordinate to a Brazilian military officer, who, at this time, was
1707:
A few examples can be given. On 17 November 1889, upon hearing the news of the Emperor's fall, the 25th Infantry Battalion resisted by attacking the local Republican Club in Desterro (present-day
1006:" to the Brazilian Monarchists while, at the same time, the Count of Eu then became Emperor consort. But these titles had little weight and both spouses remained banished from their country.
826:
Although initially disillusioned with the seeming lack of beauty of his wife, Gaston came to love her until the last days of his life, a feeling returned by Isabel. The birth of their son,
627:
to meet the Brazilian imperial family. However, Gaston was less than enthusiastic about the two princesses, whom he considered unattractive. Initially, the young Count was promised to
3933:
237:
1546:
841:, born 26 January 1878 and named after Gaston's father. Some years later, this child became Isabel's heir, after his elder brother renounced his succession to the throne.
3953:
1572:
564:
3928:
1779:, p. 256) illiterate, miserable and superstitious inhabitants of a small town in the Brazilian northeast who dreamed with the return of a "Dom Pedro III",(
1747:, p. 126) It had more than 100 casualties, and 21 officers and soldiers who took part of it were executed and more monarchist politicians were arrested (
461:. Only five years old at the time, Gaston followed the king and his family who went into exile in Great Britain, establishing themselves in an old mansion at
3418:
838:
168:
1452:
3227:
493:
845:
was the fourth and last son, born on 9 August 1881 in Paris, where the couple had lived for three years. Antonio was nicknamed "TotĂł" by his family.
3430:
173:
3445:
3424:
827:
3659:
597:
3497:
3413:
373:
Gaston was born Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston of OrlĂ©ans (Portuguese: LuĂs Filipe Maria Fernando GastĂŁo de OrleĂŁes) on 28 April 1842 in
163:
3898:
3440:
2497:
2423:
853:
their children with a simple education, allowing them to study at the father Moreira's school in Petropolis, and later at the school Pedro II.
477:
758:, where he suffered great risk of life. It was the Count's idea to definitively extinguish the slavery of approximately 25,000 individuals in
3664:
3450:
3435:
663:
620:
3938:
991:
On 15 November 1889 the Republic was proclaimed in Brazil. The Imperial family was forced into exile, first going in Portugal and later to
939:
3923:
1755:, which occurred from 1893 to 1895, between several monarchists and even republicans led by the monarchists Gaspar da Silveira Martins (
3943:
3721:
2796:
1510:
1053:
444:
386:
277:
226:
17:
398:
3569:
3803:
3716:
3013:
265:
3397:
3220:
3918:
402:
3888:
3037:
3649:
1723:, p. 126) Other monarchists rebellions occurred in Rio. On 18 December 1889, the 2nd Artillery Regiment â around 50 men (
747:
3819:
3788:
3747:
3626:
2635:
2616:
2554:
2487:
2468:
2449:
1684:
Vice Admiral Francisco Pereira Pinto, Baron of Ivinheima and Field Marshal JoĂŁo de Sousa da Fonseca Costa, Viscount of Penha.
1426:
1242:
3893:
3835:
3670:
3603:
2659:
1184:
1133:
699:
Uruguaiana had been conquered by the Paraguayan army. The Conde d'Eu, and the Emperor, Pedro II of Brazil, joined President
3275:
2990:
1604:
525:
323:
3706:
3586:
3380:
3331:
3129:
3030:
3003:
2948:
2758:
2720:
1484:
1003:
632:
468:
In 1855, at the age of 13, Gaston began his military career in an artillery course, concluding in the Military School of
281:
132:
3793:
3762:
3742:
3490:
1675:, pp. 345â366. They retell the main events from the Count of Eu's point of view from 2 November 1889 to 4 December.
3908:
3632:
3213:
1752:
3359:
842:
3767:
3726:
3375:
2851:
2831:
1330:
1139:
1085:
959:, a former prime minister, later appeared and told him not to worry and gave his support to the monarchy. Lieutenant
874:
to participate in the decisions of the government, and refused to discuss state matters with the couple in any form.
551:
349:
533:
331:
3546:
2923:
1783:, p. 154) only 300 survived the massacre caused by government troops during the revolt's suppression in 1897.(
394:
3845:
1731:, p. 21). It led the government to ban freedom of speech and exile or arrest several monarchist politicians (
3958:
3913:
3696:
3691:
2841:
2835:
2819:
2373:
1304:
964:
643:
624:
577:
3552:
3154:
3798:
3772:
2964:
2856:
2827:
2789:
1811:
529:
327:
3520:
3483:
3343:
972:
the Emperor was arriving in Rio. Gaston sent his children to PetrĂłpolis where he believed they would be safe.
3654:
3392:
3055:
3047:
1268:
628:
382:
273:
216:
3711:
727:
639:
and a few days later accepted the honorary presidency of the Brazilian Geographic and Historical Institute.
3675:
3354:
3061:
1091:
956:
593:
473:
3903:
3300:
3180:
1058:
636:
886:
republican constituent, years after the end of the monarchy made several remarks about the Count of Eu.
766:
3757:
2742:
1695:
1121:
1109:
1097:
1079:
926:
Little did Gaston (first row, third from left to right) know that the Republican leader, Field Marshal
3752:
1028:
1019:
114:
3263:
3236:
2943:
2913:
2903:
2898:
2782:
1362:
462:
458:
3308:
264:; 28 April 1842 â 28 August 1922) was a French prince and military commander who fought in the
3349:
2938:
2908:
1043:
585:
514:
367:
312:
103:
592:. He agreed to accept the proposal, but only after meeting the princesses. The Emperor's sister,
3144:
3020:
2998:
2969:
2398:
518:
316:
3170:
2823:
1048:
896:
all, showing that the monarchy was still popular. After he returned from the Paraguayan War as
440:
1127:
755:
454:. He learned several foreign languages, which included Latin, English, German and Portuguese.
3025:
3008:
1145:
246:
378:
50:
3883:
3878:
3840:
3337:
1898:
1115:
930:(to his left), blamed him for the crisis between the government and insubordinate officers.
481:
1767:, p. 247) against the republican government resulted in the deaths of 10,000 people.(
1735:, p. 22). Another far more serious monarchist rebellion occurred on 14 January 1890 (
8:
3256:
3250:
3134:
1739:, p. 126), when 1 Cavalry Regiment, 2 Infantry Regiments and 1 Artillery Battalion (
960:
774:
708:
581:
the end of the conflict he returned to Spain with a reputation for his military prowess.
3506:
2676:
413:
206:
3325:
2891:
2846:
927:
882:
was able to constructively discuss politics with his father-in-law for the first time.
866:
818:
777:) which at that time was named "the third capital of Paraguay" after the occupation of
715:
659:
589:
409:
285:
996:
700:
680:
Gaston and Isabel were travelling in Europe on their honeymoon when Paraguayan forces
472:, Spain, where he became a captain. He had moved to Spain, after following his uncle,
3466:
3293:
3112:
2886:
2881:
2631:
2612:
2595:
2578:
2550:
2483:
2464:
2445:
2417:
1883:
1807:
1068:
922:
913:
689:
672:
374:
155:
79:
3531:
861:
3620:
2866:
2805:
2684:
1210:
1063:
897:
878:
421:
417:
390:
1708:
976:
797:
451:
3185:
3175:
3139:
3097:
3073:
3067:
2652:
The Count d'Eu and Other Brazilian Officers who Took Part in the Paraguayan War
1772:
719:
681:
612:
450:
The prince received a refined education under Julio Gauthier and the historian
436:
269:
99:
616:
362:
3872:
3121:
3091:
2628:
ComĂ©rcio e canhoneiras: Brasil e Estados Unidos na Era dos ImpĂ©rios (1889â97)
1103:
762:, many of whom were obliged to fight in the war against the Triple Alliance.
83:
3205:
2599:
2582:
968:
603:
118:
865:
Gaston d'Orléans, the count of Eu, surrounded by a crowd on his arrival in
425:
3190:
3149:
3085:
1002:
In 1891, Emperor Pedro II died in Paris and his daughter became Empress "
685:
41:
1671:
The complete transcription of the letters can be found in Portuguese on
1014:
733:
576:
caused by constant attacks on Spanish cities by Moroccan pirates, Spain
769:
had died in the battle that resulted in the conquest of the village of
765:
Gaston suffered heavy criticism after he discovered that the brigadier
730:, the Marquis of Caxias, the just-nominated allied commander-in-chief.
693:
476:'s orientation. The Duke had lived there since his marriage to Infanta
3475:
3079:
2706:
770:
704:
1715:, p. 17). In Rio de Janeiro, on 18 November between 30 and 40 (
503:
301:
2774:
2592:
Almanak Administrativo, Mercantil e Industrial (Almanaque Laemmert)
1806:
Hooker, T.D., 2008, The Paraguayan War, Nottingham: Foundry Books,
992:
948:
778:
759:
667:
1039:
Prince Gaston was Grand Cross of the following Brazilian Orders:
573:
469:
201:
3949:
Burials at the Imperial Mausoleum at the Cathedral of PetrĂłpolis
2651:
792:
2529:
HistĂłria de Dom Pedro II (1825â1891): DeclĂnio (1880â1891)
2520:
HistĂłria de Dom Pedro II (1825â1891): FastĂgio (1870â1880)
2511:
HistĂłria de Dom Pedro II (1825â1891): Ascenção (1825â1870)
2240:
2186:
963:, embraced him and told of a plan he had envisioned with Major
435:
He was a first cousin once removed of both the British Monarch
3650:
Ferdinand Philippe, Prince Royal of France and Duke of Orléans
2137:
2135:
2133:
2077:
2075:
1871:
To the bitter end: Paraguay and the War of the Triple Alliance
588:
proposed that he should marry one of the two daughters of the
975:
Gaston, his wife Isabel and many others, met Pedro II in the
782:
934:
2315:
2303:
2279:
2174:
2130:
2072:
1987:
822:
From left to right: Gaston, Pedro, Antonio, Isabel and LuĂs
786:
2252:
3702:
Gaston, Prince Imperial Consort of Brazil and Count of Eu
2215:
2213:
2198:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2041:
2039:
1999:
891:
of the society, he planned or executed for the most part.
2230:
2228:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
1975:
1965:
1963:
568:
Gaston d'Orléans and Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil
2568:(in Portuguese). SĂŁo Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional.
2531:(in Portuguese). Vol. 3. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia.
2522:(in Portuguese). Vol. 2. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia.
2513:(in Portuguese). Vol. 1. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia.
2269:
2267:
2164:
2162:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1727:, p. 344) â rebelled in a restorationist attempt (
3934:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
2356:
2354:
2210:
2087:
2036:
1948:
487:
2461:
ParaĂso perdido: Euclides da Cunha : vida e obra
2339:
2327:
2291:
2225:
2118:
2051:
1960:
1743:, p. 410) attempted to overthrown the republic (
967:, Viscount of Taunay, to leave to the nearby city of
2264:
2159:
2147:
2011:
1931:
1074:
He was a recipient of the following foreign honors:
856:
432:) at birth by his grandfather, King Louis Philippe.
2594:(in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert & C.
2351:
1573:
Princess Maria Antonia KohĂĄry de CsĂĄbrĂĄg et Szitnya
1116:
Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Carlos III
3954:Brazilian military personnel of the Paraguayan War
3344:JanuĂĄria, Princess Imperial and Countess of Aquila
2630:(in Portuguese). SĂŁo Paulo: Companhia das Letras.
2504:. 5 v (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: J. Olympio.
2482:(in Portuguese) (1st ed.). SĂŁo Paulo: Ătica.
2442:Princesa Isabel: gĂȘnero e poder no sĂ©culo XIX
2374:"Caballeros de la insigne orden del Toison de Oro"
1547:Ferenc JĂłzsef, Prince KohĂĄry de CsĂĄbrĂĄg et Szitnya
494:Wedding of Princess Isabel and Gaston, Count of Eu
1839:
1453:Ferdinand, Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-KohĂĄry
3870:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
908:
3929:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)
2403:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern
737:Gaston d'Orléans, Count of Eu, at the age of 28
192:Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston d'Orléans
2535:
1780:
1732:
1728:
1719:, p. 409) monarchist soldiers rebelled. (
1712:
754:actively in the battles that occurred, in the
3491:
3393:Leopoldina, Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
3235:
3221:
2790:
1816:
1009:
793:Modern critics of Gaston d'Orléans in the war
621:Prince Ludwig August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
572:After years with problems on the border with
3627:Prince Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier
2526:
2517:
2508:
2321:
2246:
2192:
2141:
2081:
1925:
1863:
1858:Hermano Negro: la Esclavitud em el Paraguay,
596:, who was married to the Count's uncle, the
2577:(in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Topbooks.
1906:
532:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
330:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3498:
3484:
3228:
3214:
2797:
2783:
2422:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1511:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1331:Princess Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
615:on 2 September 1864 in the company of his
445:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
387:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
278:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
227:Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
49:
3633:Prince Louis Charles, Count of Beaujolais
2611:(in Portuguese). Porto Alegre: L&PM.
2609:1889: A RepĂșblica nĂŁo esperou o amanhecer
2536:MĂŽnaco Janotti, Maria de Lourdes (1986).
1018:Tomb of Prince Gaston (far right) in the
552:Learn how and when to remove this message
399:Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
350:Learn how and when to remove this message
2748:5 December 1891 â 14 November 1921
2540:(in Portuguese). SĂŁo Paulo: Brasiliense.
1104:Military Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz
1013:
933:
921:
912:
860:
817:
796:
732:
653:
644:Alfredo d'Escragnolle, Vicomte de Taunay
602:
563:
366:Gaston d'Orléans at the age of five, by
361:
3547:Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois
3414:Pedro de AlcĂąntara, Prince of GrĂŁo-ParĂĄ
2566:GastĂŁo de OrlĂ©ans (o Ășltimo Conde d'Eu)
2544:
2458:
1850:
1756:
1098:Military Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ
940:Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza
147: 1864; died 1921)
14:
3871:
3846:Prince Charles Philippe, Duke of Anjou
3505:
2572:
2563:
2547:Guia politicamente incorreto do Brasil
2496:
2439:
2345:
2333:
2309:
2297:
2285:
2258:
2234:
2219:
2204:
2180:
2124:
2112:
2100:
2066:
2045:
2005:
1993:
1969:
1954:
1526:
1406:
1402:
1392:
1284:
1174:
1170:
389:. His paternal grandparents were King
3899:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
3748:Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Montpensier
3479:
3387:Prince Gaston of Orléans, Count of Eu
3209:
2778:
2625:
2606:
2589:
2477:
2360:
2273:
2168:
2153:
2030:
1981:
1942:
1891:
1876:
1845:Maldita Guerra, Companhia das Letras,
1800:
1784:
1776:
1768:
1764:
1763:, p. 247) and Saldanha da Gama (
1760:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1672:
1602:
1592:
1588:
1576:
1570:
1560:
1544:
1534:
1530:
1514:
1508:
1498:
1482:
1472:
1468:
1456:
1450:
1440:
1427:Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
1424:
1414:
1410:
1386:
1376:
1363:Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria
1360:
1350:
1346:
1334:
1328:
1318:
1302:
1292:
1288:
1272:
1266:
1256:
1240:
1230:
1226:
1214:
1208:
1198:
1182:
1178:
465:, in the southern region of England.
457:His grandfather abdicated during the
424:. A Prince of Orléans, he was titled
397:, and his maternal grandparents were
288:and heiress to the Brazilian throne.
262:Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston
258:Prince Gaston of Orleans, Count of Eu
2804:
2463:(in Portuguese). SĂŁo Paulo: IBRASA.
2405:(in German), Munich, 1908, p. 9
1605:Countess Maria Antonia von Waldstein
1084:Grand Cross of the Austro-Hungarian
530:adding citations to reliable sources
497:
328:adding citations to reliable sources
295:
3939:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
3676:Prince Antoine, Duke of Montpensier
3130:Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil
2721:Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies
2444:(in Portuguese). SĂŁo Paulo: UNESP.
1485:Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf
1134:Imperial Order of the Mexican Eagle
938:The Count of Eu with his grandson,
869:, in the northern region of Brazil.
584:A few years later, his uncle, King
488:Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil
251:Coat of Arms of Gaston, Count of Eu
133:Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil
115:Cathedral of SĂŁo Pedro de AlcĂąntara
24:
3924:Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz
3836:Prince François, Count of Clermont
3665:Prince Charles, Duke of PenthiĂšvre
3604:Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
3274:
2549:(in Portuguese). SĂŁo Paulo: Leya.
1185:Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
25:
3970:
3944:Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
3712:Prince Pierre, Duke of PenthiĂšvre
3707:Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Alençon
3587:Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
2645:
1903:. Consulted on 15 September 2008.
1888:. Consulted on 15 September 2008.
1873:, Westport (CT) 2002, p. 215â218.
1759:, p. 89), CustĂłdio de Melo (
1054:Order of Saint James of the Sword
857:Life as Prince Imperial of Brazil
711:, which ended 18 September 1865.
649:
403:Princess Maria Antonia von KohĂĄry
3768:Prince Alfonso, Duke of Galliera
3763:Prince Emmanuel, Duke of VendĂŽme
3743:Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans
3727:Prince Antonio, Duke of Galliera
3530:
3355:Francisca, Princess of Joinville
2865:
1243:Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon
1160:Ancestors of Gaston, Count of Eu
1140:Military Order of Saint Fernando
502:
474:Antoine, the Duke of Montpensier
395:Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies
300:
245:
236:
3794:Prince Ălvaro, Duke of Galliera
3697:Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres
3692:Prince Philippe, Count of Paris
3279:Brazilian Imperial coat of arms
2391:
2380:(in Spanish), 1887, p. 147
2366:
1701:
1687:
1678:
1305:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
1049:Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz
718:wrote of his experience in the
682:invaded the Brazilian provinces
420:, that in turn belonged to the
144:
27:French prince (1842–1922)
3859:never styled Prince of Orléans
3621:Louis Philippe I of the French
1916:Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2002
1914:DicionĂĄrio do Brasil Imperial,
1897:Cf. Ricardo Bonalume Neto em:
1882:Cf. Ricardo Bonalume Neto em:
1665:
1102:Grand Cross of the Portuguese
1096:Grand Cross of the Portuguese
1090:Grand Cross of the Portuguese
1044:Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ
903:
813:
662:with his two sons-in-law, the
291:
13:
1:
3889:People from Neuilly-sur-Seine
3660:François, Prince of Joinville
3655:Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours
1653:
1269:Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours
909:End of the Brazilian monarchy
837:Their third child was a son,
664:Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
217:Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours
56:
3820:Prince Henri, Count of Paris
3789:Prince Henri, Count of Paris
3671:Prince Henri, Duke of Aumale
3553:Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
3155:Francisco José do Nascimento
3062:Confederation of the Equator
2660:Gaston d'OrlĂ©ans (1842â1922)
2502:HistĂłria de D. Pedro II
1120:Grand Cordon of the Belgian
1092:Order of the Tower and Sword
995:, where they settled at the
965:Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay
957:Manuel Pinto de Sousa Dantas
728:Luis Alves de Lima and Silva
377:, a suburb of Paris, at the
7:
3919:Princes of France (Orléans)
3841:Prince Jean, Count of Paris
3521:Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
2538:Os Subversivos da RepĂșblica
2440:Barman, Roderick J (2005).
1860:Madri: Ed. Paraninfa, 1972.
1151:
1059:Order of the Southern Cross
942:during the First World War.
637:Order of the Southern Cross
623:, and went directly to the
381:. He was the eldest son of
10:
3975:
3758:Prince Jean, Duke of Guise
3528:
2759:Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria
1696:Gaspar da Silveira Martins
1520:
1404:
1389:Prince Gaston, Count of Eu
1278:
1211:Louis Philippe I of France
1172:
1126:Grand Cross of the French
1110:Order of the Golden Fleece
1010:Return to Brazil and death
839:Luiz de Orléans e Bragança
658:War against Paraguay: The
590:Emperor Pedro II of Brazil
491:
393:, King of the French, and
383:Louis, the Duke of Nemours
272:. He was the first son of
18:Prince Gaston, Count of Eu
3909:Brazilian Roman Catholics
3894:House of Orléans-Braganza
3854:
3828:
3812:
3781:
3735:
3684:
3642:
3613:
3596:
3579:
3562:
3539:
3513:
3459:
3406:
3381:Isabel, Princess Imperial
3368:
3318:
3286:
3272:
3243:
3237:Brazilian imperial family
3163:
3120:
3111:
3046:
2989:
2982:
2957:
2931:
2922:
2904:Prince Imperial of Brazil
2899:Brazilian imperial family
2874:
2863:
2812:
2750:
2743:Emperor consort of Brazil
2733:
2712:
2705:
2670:
2626:Topik, Steven C. (2009).
2545:Narloch, Leandro (2009).
2459:BrandĂŁo, Adelino (1996).
1590:
1582:
1554:
1532:
1528:
1492:
1470:
1462:
1434:
1412:
1408:
1370:
1348:
1340:
1312:
1290:
1286:
1250:
1228:
1220:
1192:
1176:
1080:Order of Ernest the Pious
1034:
412:, Gaston belonged to the
244:
232:
222:
212:
200:
191:
186:
182:
154:
126:
109:
89:
66:
48:
39:
34:
3570:Louis I, Duke of Orléans
2573:Salles, Ricardo (1996).
2564:Rangel, Alberto (1935).
1900:Novas liçÔes do Paraguai
1885:Novas liçÔes do Paraguai
986:
767:JoĂŁo Manuel Mena Barreto
666:and the Count of Eu, in
586:Ferdinand II of Portugal
416:, a cadet branch of the
368:Franz Xaver Winterhalter
3804:Prince Charles Philippe
3722:François, Duke of Guise
3467:Portuguese royal family
3441:Prince Augusto Leopoldo
3376:Afonso, Prince Imperial
3332:Empress Teresa Cristina
3021:Imperial Brazilian Navy
2999:Imperial Brazilian Army
2970:Reverse parliamentarism
2478:Bueno, Eduardo (2003).
1144:Knight of the Bavarian
1029:Cathedral of PetrĂłpolis
1020:Cathedral of PetrĂłpolis
625:Palace of SĂŁo CristĂłvĂŁo
3959:People who died at sea
3914:French Roman Catholics
3717:Louis, Prince of Condé
3398:Pedro, Prince Imperial
3280:
3181:Eusébio de Queirós Law
3171:Abolitionism in Brazil
2824:Independence of Brazil
2590:Sauer, Arthur (1889).
2378:Guóa Oficial de España
1843:Doratioto, Francisco,
1771:, p. 255) In the
1108:Knight of the Spanish
1086:Order of Saint Stephen
1023:
943:
931:
919:
870:
823:
802:
748:Francisco Solano LĂłpez
738:
677:
608:
607:Gaston d'Orléans, 1865
569:
443:, through his mother,
441:Albert, Prince Consort
370:
274:Louis, Duke of Nemours
261:
3431:Prince AntĂŽnio GastĂŁo
3278:
3264:Queen-Empress Carlota
3009:Fatherland Volunteers
2736:â TITULAR â
2607:Silva, HĂ©lio (2005).
2527:Lyra, Heitor (1977).
2518:Lyra, Heitor (1977).
2509:Lyra, Heitor (1977).
2312:, pp. 1634â1635.
2288:, pp. 1608â1609.
2183:, pp. 1602â1603.
1996:, pp. 1580â1581.
1753:Federalist Revolution
1146:Order of Saint Hubert
1017:
937:
925:
916:
864:
821:
800:
736:
657:
606:
567:
365:
280:, and was married to
174:Prince AntĂŽnio GastĂŁo
3773:Prince Luis Fernando
3446:Prince José Fernando
3436:Prince Pedro Augusto
3338:Maria II of Portugal
3257:King-Emperor John VI
2965:Constitution of 1824
2857:Units of measurement
2682:Cadet branch of the
2672:Gaston, Count of Eu
2480:Brasil: uma HistĂłria
2261:, pp. 1605â166.
1751:, p. 130). The
714:In his memoirs, the
526:improve this section
324:improve this section
266:Hispano-Moroccan War
2932:Political instances
2909:Prince of GrĂŁo-ParĂĄ
2766:as Empress consort
2728:as Empress consort
2249:, pp. 105â106.
2207:, pp. 397â398.
2195:, pp. 102â104.
2115:, pp. 396â397.
2008:, pp. 395â396.
1984:, pp. 350â351.
1781:MĂŽnaco Janotti 1986
1733:MĂŽnaco Janotti 1986
1729:MĂŽnaco Janotti 1986
1713:MĂŽnaco Janotti 1986
1138:Grand Cross of the
1132:Grand Cross of the
1114:Grand Cross of the
1078:Grand Cross of the
898:Marshal-of-the-Army
879:line of demarcation
775:Battle of Piribebuy
756:Battle of Acosta Ău
709:Siege of Uruguaiana
692:. From the city of
670:, southern Brazil (
629:Princess Leopoldina
617:double first cousin
598:Prince of Joinville
439:and of her husband
410:French royal family
3904:Brazilian nobility
3507:Princes of Orléans
3465:- * member of the
3451:Prince LuĂs GastĂŁo
3425:Princess Maria Pia
3301:Empress Leopoldina
3281:
3145:JosĂ© do PatrocĂnio
2755:Title next held by
2717:Title last held by
2707:Titles in pretence
2575:Nostalgia Imperial
2399:"Königliche Orden"
1912:Vainfas, Ronaldo.
1024:
1004:Isabel I of Brazil
944:
932:
928:Deodoro da Fonseca
920:
871:
824:
803:
739:
716:Viscount of Taunay
678:
631:and his cousin to
611:Gaston arrived in
609:
594:Princess Francisca
570:
480:, sister of Queen
459:Revolution of 1848
379:ChĂąteau de Neuilly
371:
286:Pedro II of Brazil
55:Gaston dâOrlĂ©ans,
3866:
3865:
3473:
3472:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3107:
3106:
2978:
2977:
2882:Emperor of Brazil
2773:
2772:
2769:
2738:
2731:
2637:978-85-359-1522-8
2618:978-85-254-1344-4
2556:978-85-62936-06-7
2489:978-85-08-08952-9
2470:978-85-348-0041-9
2451:978-85-7139-598-5
1869:Leuchars, Chris:
1775:, out of 20,000 (
1659:Explanatory notes
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1069:Order of the Rose
690:Rio Grande Do Sul
660:Emperor of Brazil
562:
561:
554:
375:Neuilly-sur-Seine
360:
359:
352:
255:
254:
196:
195:
80:Neuilly-sur-Seine
16:(Redirected from
3966:
3861:
3534:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3477:
3476:
3461:Consorts are in
3326:Emperor Pedro II
3230:
3223:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3118:
3117:
3056:Independence War
3014:List of generals
3004:Military Academy
2987:
2986:
2949:Moderating Power
2944:General Assembly
2929:
2928:
2914:Prince of Brazil
2869:
2806:Empire of Brazil
2799:
2792:
2785:
2776:
2775:
2763:
2734:
2725:
2701:
2694:
2685:House of Bourbon
2677:House of Orléans
2668:
2667:
2664:
2656:
2641:
2622:
2603:
2586:
2569:
2560:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2493:
2474:
2455:
2428:
2427:
2421:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2322:Lyra 1977, Vol 3
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2247:Lyra 1977, Vol 3
2244:
2238:
2232:
2223:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2193:Lyra 1977, Vol 3
2190:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2142:Lyra 1977, Vol 3
2139:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2085:
2082:Lyra 1977, Vol 3
2079:
2070:
2064:
2049:
2043:
2034:
2028:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1929:
1926:Lyra 1977, Vol 1
1923:
1917:
1910:
1904:
1895:
1889:
1880:
1874:
1867:
1861:
1854:
1848:
1841:
1814:
1804:
1788:
1705:
1699:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1676:
1669:
1166:
1165:
1157:
1156:
1128:LĂ©gion d'honneur
1122:Order of Leopold
1064:Order of Pedro I
557:
550:
546:
543:
537:
506:
498:
422:Capetian dynasty
418:House of Bourbon
414:House of Orléans
408:A member of the
391:Louis Philippe I
355:
348:
344:
341:
335:
304:
296:
249:
240:
184:
183:
148:
146:
96:
76:
74:
61:
58:
53:
32:
31:
21:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3850:
3829:12th generation
3824:
3813:11th generation
3808:
3782:10th generation
3777:
3731:
3680:
3638:
3609:
3592:
3575:
3558:
3535:
3526:
3509:
3504:
3474:
3469:
3455:
3402:
3364:
3314:
3294:Emperor Pedro I
3282:
3270:
3239:
3234:
3204:
3195:
3159:
3103:
3042:
2974:
2953:
2918:
2870:
2861:
2808:
2803:
2762:
2756:
2747:
2739:
2724:
2718:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2680:
2673:
2662:
2655:(in Portuguese)
2654:
2648:
2638:
2619:
2557:
2490:
2471:
2452:
2431:
2415:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2383:
2381:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2359:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2332:
2328:
2320:
2316:
2308:
2304:
2296:
2292:
2284:
2280:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2226:
2222:, p. 1603.
2218:
2211:
2203:
2199:
2191:
2187:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2160:
2152:
2148:
2140:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2103:, p. 1582.
2099:
2088:
2080:
2073:
2065:
2052:
2048:, p. 1581.
2044:
2037:
2029:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1968:
1961:
1957:, p. 1580.
1953:
1949:
1941:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1911:
1907:
1896:
1892:
1881:
1877:
1868:
1864:
1856:PlĂĄ, Josefina.
1855:
1851:
1842:
1817:
1805:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1651:
1154:
1037:
1012:
989:
911:
906:
859:
816:
795:
701:Bartolomé Mitre
652:
633:Princess Isabel
558:
547:
541:
538:
523:
507:
496:
490:
452:Auguste Trognon
356:
345:
339:
336:
321:
305:
294:
282:Princess Isabel
250:
178:
150:
142:
138:
135:
122:
98:
94:
78:
72:
70:
62:
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3972:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3864:
3863:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3799:Prince AtaĂșlfo
3796:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3736:9th generation
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3688:
3686:
3685:8th generation
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3643:7th generation
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3617:
3615:
3614:6th generation
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3600:
3598:
3597:5th generation
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3583:
3581:
3580:4th generation
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3566:
3564:
3563:3rd generation
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3550:
3543:
3541:
3540:2nd generation
3537:
3536:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3517:
3515:
3514:1st generation
3511:
3510:
3503:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3480:
3471:
3470:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3407:4th generation
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3369:3rd generation
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3360:Princess Maria
3357:
3352:
3350:Princess Paula
3347:
3341:
3335:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3319:2nd generation
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3309:Empress Amélie
3305:
3297:
3290:
3288:
3287:1st generation
3284:
3283:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3260:
3254:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3233:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3210:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3186:Rio Branco Law
3183:
3178:
3176:Netto Question
3173:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3140:Joaquim Nabuco
3137:
3135:André Rebouças
3132:
3126:
3124:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3098:Paraguayan War
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3074:Ragamuffin War
3071:
3068:Cisplatine War
3065:
3059:
3052:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3038:Military Ranks
3035:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3006:
2995:
2993:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2939:Prime Minister
2935:
2933:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2816:
2814:
2813:General topics
2810:
2809:
2802:
2801:
2794:
2787:
2779:
2771:
2770:
2754:
2749:
2732:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:28 August 1922
2681:
2674:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2657:
2647:
2646:External links
2644:
2643:
2642:
2636:
2623:
2617:
2604:
2587:
2570:
2561:
2555:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2494:
2488:
2475:
2469:
2456:
2450:
2430:
2429:
2390:
2365:
2350:
2348:, p. 194.
2338:
2336:, p. 403.
2326:
2324:, p. 112.
2314:
2302:
2300:, p. 400.
2290:
2278:
2276:, p. 354.
2263:
2251:
2239:
2237:, p. 399.
2224:
2209:
2197:
2185:
2173:
2171:, p. 352.
2158:
2156:, p. 135.
2146:
2144:, p. 101.
2129:
2127:, p. 397.
2117:
2105:
2086:
2084:, p. 105.
2071:
2069:, p. 396.
2050:
2035:
2033:, p. 351.
2010:
1998:
1986:
1974:
1972:, p. 395.
1959:
1947:
1945:, p. 350.
1930:
1918:
1905:
1890:
1875:
1862:
1849:
1815:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1787:, p. 260)
1773:War of Canudos
1700:
1686:
1677:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1036:
1033:
1011:
1008:
988:
985:
961:André Rebouças
910:
907:
905:
902:
893:
892:
858:
855:
815:
812:
794:
791:
720:Paraguayan War
673:L'Illustration
651:
650:Paraguayan War
648:
613:Rio de Janeiro
560:
559:
510:
508:
501:
492:Main article:
489:
486:
478:Luisa Fernanda
437:Queen Victoria
358:
357:
308:
306:
299:
293:
290:
284:, daughter of
270:Paraguayan War
253:
252:
242:
241:
234:
230:
229:
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
204:
198:
197:
194:
193:
189:
188:
180:
179:
177:
176:
171:
166:
160:
158:
152:
151:
140:
136:
131:
130:
128:
124:
123:
113:
111:
107:
106:
100:Rio de Janeiro
97:(aged 80)
93:28 August 1922
91:
87:
86:
68:
64:
63:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3971:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3860:
3853:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3533:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3501:
3496:
3494:
3489:
3487:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3468:
3464:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3277:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3251:Queen Maria I
3249:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3231:
3226:
3224:
3219:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3122:Abolitionists
3119:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3092:Uruguayan War
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3031:List of ships
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2868:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2800:
2795:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2768:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2693:28 April 1842
2692:
2687:
2686:
2679:
2678:
2669:
2661:
2658:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2639:
2633:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2498:Calmon, Pedro
2495:
2491:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2425:
2419:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2363:, p. 42.
2362:
2357:
2355:
2347:
2342:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2318:
2311:
2306:
2299:
2294:
2287:
2282:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2260:
2255:
2248:
2243:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2206:
2201:
2194:
2189:
2182:
2177:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2155:
2150:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2126:
2121:
2114:
2109:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2068:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2007:
2002:
1995:
1990:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1956:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1927:
1922:
1915:
1909:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1866:
1859:
1853:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1709:FlorianĂłpolis
1704:
1697:
1690:
1681:
1674:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1180:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1032:
1030:
1021:
1016:
1007:
1005:
1000:
998:
994:
984:
980:
978:
973:
970:
966:
962:
958:
952:
950:
941:
936:
929:
924:
915:
901:
899:
889:
888:
887:
883:
880:
875:
868:
867:Belém do Parå
863:
854:
850:
846:
844:
840:
835:
831:
829:
820:
811:
807:
799:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
763:
761:
757:
751:
749:
743:
735:
731:
729:
723:
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
675:
674:
669:
665:
661:
656:
647:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
605:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
582:
579:
575:
566:
556:
553:
545:
535:
531:
527:
521:
520:
516:
511:This section
509:
505:
500:
499:
495:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
455:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
369:
364:
354:
351:
343:
333:
329:
325:
319:
318:
314:
309:This section
307:
303:
298:
297:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
248:
243:
239:
235:
231:
228:
225:
221:
218:
215:
211:
208:
205:
203:
199:
190:
185:
181:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
161:
159:
157:
153:
134:
129:
125:
120:
116:
112:
108:
105:
101:
92:
88:
85:
81:
77:28 April 1842
69:
65:
52:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:Prince Gaston
33:
30:
19:
3858:
3753:Prince Henri
3701:
3462:
3423:
3386:
3385:
3330:
3307:
3299:
3262:
3026:Naval School
2991:Armed Forces
2836:Second Reign
2765:
2764:
2757:
2751:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2727:
2726:
2719:
2713:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2675:
2627:
2608:
2591:
2574:
2565:
2546:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2479:
2460:
2441:
2434:Bibliography
2433:
2432:
2407:, retrieved
2402:
2393:
2382:, retrieved
2377:
2368:
2341:
2329:
2317:
2305:
2293:
2281:
2254:
2242:
2200:
2188:
2176:
2149:
2120:
2108:
2001:
1989:
1977:
1950:
1921:
1913:
1908:
1899:
1893:
1884:
1878:
1870:
1865:
1857:
1852:
1844:
1802:
1794:
1793:
1757:BrandĂŁo 1996
1703:
1689:
1680:
1667:
1658:
1657:
1388:
1073:
1038:
1025:
1001:
997:ChĂąteau d'Eu
990:
981:
974:
953:
945:
894:
884:
876:
872:
851:
847:
836:
832:
825:
808:
804:
764:
752:
744:
740:
724:
713:
698:
679:
671:
641:
610:
583:
578:declared war
571:
548:
539:
524:Please help
512:
467:
456:
449:
434:
429:
407:
372:
346:
337:
322:Please help
310:
257:
256:
164:Prince Pedro
95:(1922-08-28)
60: 1880s
40:
29:
3884:1922 deaths
3879:1842 births
3419:Prince LuĂs
3244:Forefathers
3100:(1864â1870)
3094:(1864â1865)
3088:(1851â1852)
3086:Platine War
3082:(1835â1840)
3076:(1835â1845)
3070:(1825â1828)
3058:(1822â1824)
2828:First Reign
2663:(in French)
2346:Salles 1996
2334:Rangel 1935
2310:Calmon 1975
2298:Rangel 1935
2286:Calmon 1975
2259:Calmon 1975
2235:Rangel 1935
2220:Calmon 1975
2205:Rangel 1935
2181:Calmon 1975
2125:Rangel 1935
2113:Rangel 1935
2101:Calmon 1975
2067:Rangel 1935
2046:Calmon 1975
2006:Rangel 1935
1994:Calmon 1975
1970:Rangel 1935
1955:Calmon 1975
1928:, p. .
977:City Palace
904:Later years
814:Family life
785:earlier in
686:Mato Grosso
426:Count of Eu
292:Early years
169:Prince LuĂs
42:Count of Eu
3873:Categories
2409:3 December
2361:Sauer 1889
2274:Silva 2005
2169:Silva 2005
2154:Topik 2009
2031:Silva 2005
1982:Silva 2005
1943:Silva 2005
1812:1901543153
1785:Bueno 2003
1777:Bueno 2003
1769:Bueno 2003
1765:Bueno 2003
1761:Bueno 2003
1749:Topik 2009
1745:Topik 2009
1741:Topik 2009
1737:Topik 2009
1725:Silva 2005
1721:Topik 2009
1717:Topik 2009
1673:Silva 2005
1654:References
969:PetrĂłpolis
694:Uruguaiana
484:of Spain.
430:comte d'Eu
119:PetrĂłpolis
73:1842-04-28
3191:Lei Ăurea
3150:LuĂs Gama
3080:Cabanagem
2852:Provinces
1795:Citations
1022:, Brazil.
918:officers.
771:Piribebuy
705:Argentina
642:In 1892,
542:July 2010
513:does not
482:Isabel II
463:Claremont
340:July 2010
311:does not
260:(French:
233:Signature
2983:Military
2924:Politics
2892:Pedro II
2875:Monarchy
2847:Nobility
2600:36598004
2583:36598004
2500:(1975).
2418:citation
1152:Ancestry
993:Normandy
949:Botafogo
779:AsunciĂłn
760:Paraguay
668:Alegrete
268:and the
121:, Brazil
3463:italics
3113:Slavery
2887:Pedro I
2842:Economy
2832:Regency
2820:History
2384:4 March
843:Antonio
707:in the
676:, 1865)
574:Morocco
534:removed
519:sources
470:Segovia
332:removed
317:sources
207:Orléans
149:
141:
137:
3164:Others
3064:(1824)
2958:Others
2752:Vacant
2714:Vacant
2696:
2634:
2615:
2598:
2581:
2553:
2486:
2467:
2448:
1810:
1035:Honors
223:Mother
213:Father
127:Spouse
110:Burial
104:Brazil
84:France
2698:Died:
2691:Born:
987:Exile
877:This
828:Pedro
783:Luque
202:House
187:Names
156:Issue
143:(
139:
3048:Wars
2632:ISBN
2613:ISBN
2596:OCLC
2579:OCLC
2551:ISBN
2484:ISBN
2465:ISBN
2446:ISBN
2424:link
2411:2019
2386:2019
1847:2002
1808:ISBN
1603:15.
1545:14.
1483:13.
1425:12.
1361:11.
1303:10.
787:1868
781:and
688:and
517:any
515:cite
401:and
385:and
315:any
313:cite
276:and
90:Died
67:Born
1571:7.
1509:3.
1451:6.
1387:1.
1329:5.
1267:2.
1241:9.
1209:4.
1183:8.
703:of
684:of
528:by
326:by
3875::
2834:,
2830:,
2826:,
2420:}}
2416:{{
2401:,
2376:,
2353:^
2266:^
2227:^
2212:^
2161:^
2132:^
2089:^
2074:^
2053:^
2038:^
2013:^
1962:^
1933:^
1818:^
999:.
619:,
447:.
405:.
145:m.
117:,
102:,
82:,
57:c.
3857:^
3667:^
3635:^
3629:^
3623:^
3606:^
3589:^
3572:^
3555:^
3549:^
3523:^
3499:e
3492:t
3485:v
3346:*
3340:*
3304:*
3296:*
3267:*
3259:*
3253:*
3229:e
3222:t
3215:v
2838:)
2822:(
2798:e
2791:t
2784:v
2640:.
2621:.
2602:.
2585:.
2559:.
2492:.
2473:.
2454:.
2426:)
773:(
555:)
549:(
544:)
540:(
536:.
522:.
428:(
353:)
347:(
342:)
338:(
334:.
320:.
75:)
71:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
