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One of the royal kurgans near
Phanagoria "has a stone stairway leading down to a rectangular passageway, the entrance to the burial chamber (3.70 × 3.75 × 4.70 m). These two areas are covered by an arch showing remains of painted decoration. The wall frescos imitate encrusted marble. On either
265:
448:. The city took its name after one of these colonists, Phanagoras. "The unusual nature of the Taman peninsula near Phanagoria, with its ravines, crevices, hills, and low cones of active volcanoes, must have impressed the ancient colonists even more than it impresses us today", historian
780:
mention a local sanctuary of
Aphrodite as the largest in the Pontic region. Archaeological exploration of the site started in 1822, when "soldiers dug into a large barrow, making rich discoveries of gold and silver objects, many unique, which they divided up between themselves".
788:, which spreads on three sides around Phanagoria. There are thousands of burials, many with cypress or marble sarcophagi — an indication of the well-being of the ancient Phanagorians. Excavations conducted in the 19th century were for the most part amateurish; as many as twelve
801:
81:
526:, the god Augustus, the overseer of every land and sea". The loyalty to Rome allowed Phanagoria to maintain a dominant position in the region until the 4th century, when it was sacked and destroyed by the invading
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728:
53:
841:
and, according to analysis of fragments found at the site, it likely stood for over half a millennium after being constructed around the beginning of the first century BCE." The remains of the
1186:
Tsetskhladze, Gocha R. (1997). "A Survey of the Major Urban
Settlements in the Kimmerian Bosporos (With a Discussion of Their Status as Poleis)". In Nielsen, Thomas Heine (ed.).
510:, shortly before his death; and his sons, who held the citadel, were obliged to surrender to the insurgents. An inscription found during excavations testifies that Queen
4219:
800:
side of the entrance to the tomb long stone boxes contain four horse burials along with rich grave gifts; saddlery and harnesses of gold and gilded bronze."
708:
834:
or the Turks, who burned and destroyed large parts of the city. Most probably an early
Christian basilica stood on the site where the coins were found.
471:, Phanagoria covered an area of 75 hectares (190 acres) of which one third has been submerged by the sea. In the early 4th century BC the burgeoning
484:
449:
1287:
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existed in
Phanagoria as early as 51 AD. Underwater investigation of the site has revealed multiple fragments of architectural structures.
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792:
would be razed each season. Some of the most intriguing finds were unearthed in the 1860s at the
Bolshaya Bliznitsa tumulus, classed by
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By the 7th century, the town had recovered from a century of invasions from the steppe peoples. It served as the capital of
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1280:
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853:, and marble stele fragments," making it one of the earliest, if not the earliest synagogue ever uncovered outside of
479:, including the independent polis of Phanagoria. The town's importance increased with the decline of the old capital,
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1035:(eds. Stillwell, Richard. MacDonald, William L. McAlister, Marian Holland). Princeton University Press, 1976.
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The location of
Phanagoria was determined in the 18th century, when marble statue bases with dedications to
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Phanagoria and other ancient Greek colonies along the north coast of the Black Sea, 8th to 3rd century BC
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resumed excavations of
Phanagoria in 1936. Among the recent finds is an inscription indicating that a
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It is vacant, having had the following incumbents, all of the lowest (episcopal) rank :
1190:. Historia Einzelschriften. Vol. 117. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 39–82.
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491:. By the first centuries AD, Phanagoria had emerged as the main centre of the kingdom.
488:
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The Greek
Colonisation of the Black Sea Area: Historical Interpretation of Archaeology
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described it as a noteworthy city which was renowned for its trade. It was briefly a
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The
Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom: Celestial Aphrodite and the Most High God
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Apart from the ancient city itself, archaeologists have been interested in a vast
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Titular Bishop Rafael González Estrada (1944.05.16 – death 1994.03.07), first as
597:
In the 10th century, the town seems to have faced an invasion, supposedly by the
463:. Located on an island in the ancient archipelago of Corocondamitis, between the
445:
336:
272:, 5th century BC. One of 26 similar pieces discovered in a feminine necropolis ("
127:
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In 2023, archaeologists announced "the discovery of one of the world’s oldest
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1209:. Historia Einzelschriften. Vol. 121. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
601:. After that, Phanagoria could not compete in significance with neighboring
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dominions. Henceforth there has been no permanent settlement on the site.
405:, lies 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the west, on the shoreline of modern
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Attic Fine Pottery of the Archaic to Hellenistic Periods in Phanagoria
1022:(ed. by Gocha R. Tsetskhladze). Brill Academic Publishers, 2001. p. x.
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Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Krasnodar Krai
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in 1928 under the name Matriga, which was changed in 1929 already to
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830:. The coins are thought to have been hidden before an attack by the
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In 2021, archaeologists discovered coins in the broken neck of an
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3312:
900:) of Phanagoria, the leader of the city revolt against the King
636:
The Genoese colony was canonically established on 1349.02.21 as
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789:
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580:
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506:. It was at Phanagoria that the insurrection broke out against
398:
367:
269:
117:
455:
In the 5th century BC, the town thrived on the trade with the
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1960:
1912:
1613:
1583:
1530:
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557:
389:
Today the site is located at a short distance to the west of
564:
control probably rested in Khazar hands until the defeat of
4038:
4013:
3963:
3450:
3440:
831:
527:
437:
306:
196:
616:
was built on its ruins; the site was part of a network of
339:, spread over two plateaus along the eastern shore of the
575:
settled in Phanagoria (then governed by the Khazar tudun
1167:
Morgan, Catherine (2004). Tsetskhladze, Gocha R. (ed.).
1020:
North Pontic Archaeology: Recent Discoveries and Studies
657:
The diocese was nominally restored as a Latin Catholic
444:
in consequence of their conflict with the Persian king
1076:"Copper Coins Unearthed at Greek City Site in Russia"
811:
In 2009 was discovered the palace of Mithridates VI.
696:) (1943.01.09 – 1962.08.20) and on emeritate created
624:
coast. During the 15th century, it was the center of
326:
549:
Afterwards Phanagoria became (at least nominally) a
818:. They are thought to have been minted in the late
1171:. Phanagoria Studies. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill.
1102:"Second Temple era synagogue discovered in Russia"
276:'s priestess") near Phanagoria. On exhibit at the
579:) with his wife Theodora, a sister of the Khazar
4176:
715:) (1944.05.16 – 1955), then Auxiliary Bishop of
1501:
1033:The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites.
644:Recorded incumbent : Giovanni di Zechia,
436:Phanagoria was founded ca. 543 BC by the
354:and the countries on the southern side of the
1281:
688:) (1928.12.08 – 1943.01.09); later Bishop of
350:for all the traffic between the coast of the
4220:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Russia
1204:
1185:
796:as a feminine necropolis with three vaults.
1231:GigaCatholic with incumbent biography links
1188:Yet More Studies in the Ancient Greek Polis
2167:
1288:
1274:
719:(Guatemala) (1955 – emeritate 1984.05.29).
374:Metropolitan Archdiocese while a medieval
35:
1056:. “VOLNOE DELO” OLEG DERIPASKA FOUNDATION
959:. Brill Academic Publishers, 1999. p. 61.
744:, discovered in the Phanagoria cemetery,
631:
1239:Archaeological Exploration of Phanagoria
981:
957:The Supreme Gods of the Bosporan Kingdom
727:
560:was nonetheless present in the town and
483:, situated on the opposite shore of the
427:
263:
972:. Oxford University Press, 2002. p. 30.
968:D. Kendall, G. O'Collins, S. T. Davis.
4177:
3221:
1166:
268:A terracotta vessel in the shape of a
4195:Greek colonies on the Black Sea coast
4078:
3220:
2649:
2153:
1500:
1320:
1269:
1046:
640:. It was suppressed around 1400 AD.
502:and withstood a siege by the army of
3689:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
1321:
889:) of Phanagoria, ancient Greek poet.
358:. It was the eastern capital of the
1205:Tsetskhladze, Gocha R, ed. (1998).
638:Metropolitan Archdiocese of Matriga
13:
2650:
1295:
1160:
1129:Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica:
756:), 1st quarter of 4th century BC,
88:
60:
16:Ancient Greek settlement in Russia
14:
4236:
4210:Former populated places in Russia
1224:
1152:Appian, Mithridatic Wars, §17.114
1141:Athenaeus, Deipnosophists, §13.57
875:
845:-era synagogue included "several
4158:
4148:
4139:
4138:
87:
80:
59:
52:
4159:
1145:
1134:
1122:
732:Pottery vessel in the shape of
700:(1962.02.09 – death 1962.08.20)
620:possessions along the northern
1261:Golden Treasures of Phanagoria
1247:History and Maps of Phanagoria
1094:
1068:
1025:
1013:
975:
962:
949:
932:
723:
676:(1928.12.08 – 1943.01.09), as
652:
533:
401:. Another ancient Greek city,
382:, it remains a Latin Catholic
1:
1760:
1747:
1728:
1711:
925:
648:(O.F.M.) (1349.02.22 – 1363?)
568:in 1016. In 704, the deposed
2888:Funeral and burial practices
2073:Military of Mycenaean Greece
915:List of ancient Greek cities
417:
307:
96:Phanagoria (European Russia)
7:
908:
872:is named after Phanagoria.
826:and circulated through the
498:, the town allied with the
366:being the western capital.
327:
99:Show map of European Russia
68:Shown within Krasnodar Krai
10:
4241:
2812:Greek Revival architecture
2154:
897:
886:
860:
542:between 632 and 665 under
440:colonists who had to flee
424:Greeks in pre-Roman Crimea
421:
412:
296:
256:
71:Show map of Krasnodar Krai
4225:History of Krasnodar Krai
4134:
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2220:Attalid kings of Pergamon
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2149:
2028:Antigonid Macedonian army
2001:
1974:
1946:
1903:
1860:
1851:
1693:
1632:
1529:
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1395:
1344:
1340:
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1303:
1256:Odessa Numismatics Museum
1009:– via Google Books.
709:Quetzaltenango, Los Altos
316:
247:
242:
224:
210:
206:Approximately 543 BC
202:
191:
186:
178:
170:
133:
123:
108:
46:
41:The remains of Phanagoria
34:
24:
4200:Milesian Pontic colonies
982:Ustinova, Yulia (1999).
508:Mithridates VI of Pontus
257:Not to be confused with
772:were discovered there.
2254:Artists & scholars
2169:List of ancient Greeks
1806:Second Athenian League
1655:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
1480:Ancient Greek colonies
902:Pharnaces II of Pontus
765:
698:Archbishop ad personam
632:Ecclesiastical history
586:, before returning to
504:Pharnaces II of Pontus
433:
285:
182:75 ha (190 acres)
3373:Sybaris on the Traeis
2098:Sacred Band of Thebes
1838:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
1352:Cycladic civilization
920:Colonies in antiquity
736:inside a shell; from
731:
431:
346:The city was a large
267:
155:45.27694°N 36.96611°E
2898:mythological figures
2619:Ancient Greek tribes
1744:Peloponnesian League
674:Teofilius Matulionis
3010:Tunnel of Eupalinos
3005:Theatre of Dionysus
2629:Ancient Macedonians
2245:Tyrants of Syracuse
1757:Amphictyonic League
1357:Minoan civilization
1252:Coins of Phanagoria
794:Michael Rostovtzeff
475:subjugated much of
151: /
21:
3684:Menestheus's Limin
3338:Pandosia (Lucania)
3226:Greek colonisation
2588:Athenian statesmen
2349:Diogenes of Sinope
2210:Kings of Macedonia
2200:Kings of Commagene
2068:Macedonian phalanx
2048:Hellenistic armies
1796:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
1660:Indo-Greek Kingdom
1382:Hellenistic Greece
1131:Phanagoria Island.
1107:The Jerusalem Post
802:Vladimir Blavatsky
766:
540:Old Great Bulgaria
489:Cimmerian Bosporus
434:
341:Cimmerian Bosporus
331:) was the largest
286:
160:45.27694; 36.96611
28:(in Ancient Greek)
19:
4172:
4171:
4130:
4129:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4061:
3636:Iberian Peninsula
3568:Lipara/Meligounis
3534:
3533:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3185:Cypriot syllabary
3076:
3075:
2985:Athenian Treasury
2969:
2968:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2230:Ptolemaic dynasty
2190:Archons of Athens
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2016:Athenian military
1997:
1996:
1830:League of Corinth
1812:Thessalian League
1788:Chalcidian League
1770:Acarnanian League
1680:Ptolemaic Kingdom
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
955:Ustinova, Yulia.
866:Phanagoria Island
659:titular bishopric
570:Byzantine emperor
518:as "the emperor,
325:
305:
255:
254:
4232:
4205:Underwater ruins
4185:Bosporan Kingdom
4162:
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4141:
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3794:
3793:
3293:Heraclea Lucania
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3236:
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3217:
2978:
2977:
2910:Twelve Olympians
2881:
2880:
2671:
2670:
2647:
2646:
2235:Seleucid dynasty
2215:Kings of Paionia
2164:
2163:
2151:
2150:
2021:Scythian archers
1928:Graphe paranomon
1858:
1857:
1765:
1762:
1752:
1749:
1733:
1730:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1527:
1526:
1498:
1497:
1377:Classical Greece
1362:Mycenaean Greece
1342:
1341:
1318:
1317:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1245:
1237:
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1110:. 16 August 2023
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888:
762:Saint Petersburg
758:Hermitage Museum
750:Bosporan Kingdom
742:Classical Greece
705:Auxiliary Bishop
678:Auxiliary Bishop
496:Mithridatic Wars
473:Bosporan Kingdom
360:Bosporan Kingdom
352:Maeotian marshes
330:
320:
318:
310:
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278:Hermitage Museum
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100:
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72:
63:
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56:
39:
29:
22:
18:
4240:
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4168:
4126:
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3752:Melaina Korkyra
3708:
3630:
3587:
3540:Aeolian Islands
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3250:
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3204:
3161:
3072:
3014:
2965:
2919:
2870:
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2783:Wedding customs
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2664:
2633:
2624:Thracian Greeks
2607:
2598:Olympic victors
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2418:
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2249:
2240:Kings of Sparta
2225:Kings of Pontus
2195:Kings of Athens
2171:
2158:
2137:
2033:Army of Macedon
1993:
1970:
1942:
1899:
1847:
1820:(370–c. 230 BC)
1818:Arcadian League
1802:(c. 400–188 BC)
1800:Aetolian League
1794:Boeotian League
1776:Hellenic League
1763:
1750:
1740:(c. 650–404 BC)
1731:
1725:Italiote League
1718:
1714:
1708:Doric Hexapolis
1698:
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1685:Seleucid Empire
1628:
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1367:Greek Dark Ages
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1335:
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1161:Further reading
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1082:. July 28, 2021
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3456:Heraclea Minoa
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3190:Greek alphabet
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2844:Musical system
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2276:Mathematicians
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2268:
2263:
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2255:
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2250:
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2197:
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2187:
2185:Kings of Argos
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2159:
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2055:
2050:
2045:
2043:Cretan archers
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2013:
2007:
2005:
1999:
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1995:
1994:
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1991:
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1846:
1845:
1842:Achaean League
1839:
1836:Euboean League
1833:
1827:
1824:Epirote League
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1772:(c. 500–31 BC)
1767:
1754:
1741:
1735:
1722:
1704:
1702:
1700:Confederations
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1624:Lissus (Crete)
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1379:
1374:
1372:Archaic Greece
1369:
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1337:
1334:
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1328:
1322:
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1297:Ancient Greece
1293:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1270:
1264:
1263:
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1241:
1233:
1226:
1225:External links
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1012:
998:
992:. p. 29.
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876:Notable people
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701:
654:
651:
650:
649:
633:
630:
588:Constantinople
553:dependency. A
535:
532:
500:Roman Republic
485:Crimean strait
452:has observed.
450:Yulia Ustinova
419:
416:
414:
411:
395:Krasnodar Krai
376:Genoese colony
282:St. Petersburg
253:
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249:
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195:Settlers from
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114:Krasnodar Krai
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3667:
3665:
3664:Hemeroscopion
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
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3647:
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3331:
3329:
3326:
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3321:
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3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3241:Magna Graecia
3238:
3234:
3227:
3224:
3223:
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3215:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
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3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3115:Arcadocypriot
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3068:Zeus, Olympia
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3053:Hera, Olympia
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
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2991:
2988:
2986:
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2976:
2972:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2956:Mount Olympus
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:Sacred places
2922:
2916:
2913:
2911:
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2903:
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2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:Olympic Games
2746:
2744:
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1736:
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894:Ancient Greek
891:
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843:Second Temple
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566:Georgius Tzul
563:
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469:Palus Maeotis
466:
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333:ancient Greek
329:
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293:Ancient Greek
290:
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215:Archaic Greek
213:
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132:
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83:
55:
45:
38:
33:
23:
3959:Dionysopolis
3929:Abonoteichos
3885:
3881:Pantikapaion
3471:Hybla Heraea
2807:Architecture
2763:Prostitution
2452:Aristophanes
2311:Philosophers
2281:Philosophers
2113:Spartan army
1844:(280–146 BC)
1832:(338–322 BC)
1826:(370–168 BC)
1814:(374–196 BC)
1808:(378–355 BC)
1790:(430–348 BC)
1784:(478–404 BC)
1778:(499–449 BC)
1465:Peloponnesus
1387:Roman Greece
1244:(in Russian)
1236:(in Russian)
1206:
1187:
1168:
1147:
1136:
1124:
1112:. Retrieved
1105:
1096:
1084:. Retrieved
1079:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1054:"PHANAGORIA"
1048:
1032:
1031:Quoted from
1027:
1019:
1015:
1003:. Retrieved
984:
977:
969:
964:
956:
951:
939:
934:
881:Sosicrates (
864:
836:
813:
810:
798:
783:
767:
667:
662:
656:
646:Friars Minor
637:
635:
613:
612:the town of
608:In the late
607:
596:
584:Busir Glavan
573:Justinian II
561:
548:
537:
524:son of a god
493:
481:Panticapaeum
454:
435:
388:
379:
364:Panticapaeum
345:
335:city on the
288:
287:
4107:Place names
4019:Salmydessus
3841:Kalos Limen
3821:Chersonesus
3811:Borysthenes
3516:Tauromenion
3328:Metapontion
3090:Proto-Greek
3043:Erechtheion
3038:Athena Nike
3000:Philippeion
2829:Mathematics
2800:and science
2683:Agriculture
2547:Stesichorus
2457:Bacchylides
2447:Archilochus
2334:Antisthenes
2324:Anaximander
2296:Seven Sages
2286:Playwrights
2266:Geographers
2261:Astronomers
2088:Pezhetairos
1715: 1100
1695:Federations
1594:Megalopolis
1531:City states
1506:City states
1080:Archaeology
970:The Trinity
941:Geographica
828:6th century
824:4th century
724:Excavations
690:Kaišiadorys
653:Titular see
626:de Ghisolfi
610:Middle Ages
534:Middle Ages
494:During the
384:titular see
308:Phanagóreia
158: /
134:Coordinates
26:Φαναγόρεια
4179:Categories
4009:Polemonion
3886:Phanagoria
3856:Kimmerikon
3851:Kerkinitis
3836:Hermonassa
3826:Dioscurias
3722:Aspalathos
3669:Kalathousa
3644:Akra Leuke
3573:Phoenicusa
3358:Scylletium
3343:Poseidonia
3263:Brentesion
3150:Pamphylian
3145:Macedonian
3063:Samothrace
3048:Hephaestus
2995:Long Walls
2974:Structures
2915:Underworld
2861:Technology
2824:Literature
2758:Philosophy
2723:Euergetism
2612:By culture
2557:Thucydides
2399:Pythagoras
2394:Protagoras
2384:Parmenides
2369:Heraclitus
2354:Empedocles
2344:Democritus
2329:Anaximenes
2319:Anaxagoras
2271:Historians
1764: 595
1751: 550
1732: 800
1717: – c.
1645:Cappadocia
1450:Ionian Sea
1440:Hellespont
1405:Aegean Sea
926:References
887:Σωσικράτης
870:Antarctica
839:synagogues
786:necropolis
603:Tmutarakan
590:by way of
442:Asia Minor
422:See also:
403:Hermonassa
328:Fanagoriya
297:Φαναγόρεια
289:Phanagoria
243:Site notes
174:Settlement
146:36°57′58″E
143:45°16′37″N
20:Phanagoria
4095:in Epirus
4044:Trapezous
3989:Mesambria
3974:Eupatoria
3944:Apollonia
3939:Anchialos
3901:Theodosia
3871:Nymphaion
3861:Myrmekion
3831:Gorgippia
3787:Black Sea
3772:Tragurion
3757:Nymphaion
3742:Epidauros
3737:Epidamnos
3727:Apollonia
3704:Zacynthos
3626:Ptolemais
3620:Apollonia
3593:Cyrenaica
3583:Therassía
3578:Strongyle
3558:Ereikousa
3481:Leontinoi
3421:Apollonia
3298:Hipponion
3095:Mycenaean
3058:Parthenon
2990:Lion Gate
2893:Mythology
2856:Sculpture
2819:Astronomy
2753:Pederasty
2728:Festivals
2713:Education
2593:Lawgivers
2562:Timocreon
2542:Sophocles
2537:Simonides
2512:Philocles
2507:Panyassis
2502:Mimnermus
2467:Herodotus
2462:Euripides
2432:Aeschylus
2379:Leucippus
2339:Aristotle
2118:Strategos
1984:Synedrion
1938:Ostracism
1918:Areopagus
1870:Free city
1665:Macedonia
1549:Byzantion
1455:Macedonia
1420:Cyrenaica
1397:Geography
1331:Geography
1114:16 August
1086:March 18,
1005:12 August
822:or early
806:synagogue
774:Hecataeus
770:Aphrodite
734:Aphrodite
717:Guatemala
713:Guatemala
694:Lithuania
622:Black Sea
577:Balgatzin
551:Byzantine
465:Black Sea
457:Scythians
418:Antiquity
322:romanized
317:Фанагория
302:romanized
248:Condition
4144:Category
4122:Theatres
4049:Tripolis
3984:Kerasous
3979:Heraclea
3911:Tyritake
3866:Nikonion
3777:Thronion
3699:Salauris
3654:Emporion
3611:Berenice
3601:Balagrae
3553:Euonymos
3526:Tyndaris
3511:Syracuse
3506:Selinous
3476:Kamarina
3431:Casmenae
3416:Akrillai
3333:Neápolis
3268:Caulonia
3249:Mainland
3180:Linear B
3175:Linear A
3105:Dialects
3082:Language
2876:Religion
2834:Medicine
2768:Religion
2733:Folklore
2718:Emporium
2693:Clothing
2688:Calendar
2572:Xenophon
2567:Tyrtaeus
2552:Theognis
2527:Polybius
2522:Plutarch
2497:Menander
2477:Hipponax
2404:Socrates
2359:Epicurus
2205:Diadochi
2103:Sciritae
2063:Hetairoi
2038:Ballista
2003:Military
1966:Gerousia
1956:Ekklesia
1923:Ecclesia
1905:Athenian
1853:Politics
1766:–279 BC)
1753:–366 BC)
1734:–389 BC)
1670:Pergamon
1640:Bithynia
1633:Kingdoms
1574:Pergamon
1516:Military
1511:Politics
1308:Timeline
1254:in site
938:Strabo,
909:See also
892:Castor (
847:menorahs
592:Bulgaria
562:de facto
516:Augustus
514:honored
467:and the
372:Catholic
356:Caucasus
348:emporium
259:Fangoria
225:Cultures
219:Medieval
112:Sennoy,
109:Location
4190:Bulgars
4164:Outline
4117:Temples
4054:Zaliche
4034:Thèrmae
4024:Sesamus
3994:Odessos
3969:Cytorus
3964:Cotyora
3714:Illyria
3679:Mainake
3674:Kypsela
3563:Hycesia
3521:Thermae
3501:Segesta
3491:Messana
3446:Helorus
3426:Calacte
3406:Akragas
3368:Sybaris
3353:Rhegion
3308:Krimisa
3258:Alision
3167:Writing
3140:Locrian
3130:Epirote
3100:Homeric
3033:Artemis
3020:Temples
2961:Olympia
2931:Eleusis
2866:Theatre
2851:Pottery
2778:Warfare
2773:Slavery
2708:Economy
2703:Cuisine
2698:Coinage
2675:Society
2660:Culture
2655:Society
2603:Tyrants
2442:Alcaeus
2424:Authors
2374:Hypatia
2364:Gorgias
2301:Writers
2123:Toxotai
2093:Sarissa
2083:Peltast
2078:Phalanx
2058:Hoplite
2053:Hippeis
1976:Macedon
1948:Spartan
1933:Heliaia
1880:Proxeny
1589:Larissa
1584:Kerkyra
1579:Eretria
1569:Miletus
1564:Ephesus
1559:Corinth
1554:Chalcis
1475:Taurica
1345:Periods
1326:History
945:11.2.10
861:Honours
816:amphora
790:kurgans
686:Belarus
682:Mohilev
663:Matrega
618:Genoese
614:Matrega
512:Dynamis
477:Sindica
413:History
380:Matrega
362:, with
324::
313:Russian
304::
274:Demeter
211:Periods
203:Founded
192:Builder
187:History
4154:Portal
4102:People
4090:Cities
4029:Sinope
4014:Rhizos
4004:Phasis
3954:Bathus
3949:Athina
3934:Amisos
3896:Tanais
3891:Pityus
3816:Charax
3767:Pharos
3762:Orikon
3659:Helike
3649:Alonis
3616:Cyrene
3548:Didyme
3461:Himera
3436:Catana
3398:Sicily
3388:Thurii
3383:Terina
3348:Pixous
3303:Hydrus
3278:Croton
3110:Aeolic
3028:Aphaea
2951:Dodona
2936:Delphi
2905:Temple
2581:Others
2532:Sappho
2517:Pindar
2492:Lucian
2487:Ibycus
2472:Hesiod
2409:Thales
2177:Rulers
2156:People
2133:Xyston
2128:Xiphos
1989:Koinon
1895:Tyrant
1885:Stasis
1875:Koinon
1675:Pontus
1650:Epirus
1619:Sparta
1609:Rhodes
1604:Megara
1599:Thebes
1544:Athens
1470:Pontus
1435:Epirus
1425:Cyprus
1410:Aeolis
1213:
1194:
1175:
1060:5 July
1039:
996:
898:Κάστωρ
855:Israel
851:altars
778:Strabo
738:Attica
581:Khagan
555:Khazar
544:Kubrat
520:Caesar
399:Russia
391:Sennoy
368:Strabo
270:sphinx
251:Ruined
237:Khazar
233:Bulgar
124:Region
118:Russia
4112:Stoae
4080:Lists
3999:Oinòe
3922:coast
3920:South
3906:Tyras
3876:Olbia
3846:Kepoi
3799:coast
3797:North
3790:basin
3732:Aulon
3694:Rhode
3606:Barca
3496:Naxos
3451:Henna
3411:Akrai
3378:Taras
3363:Siris
3323:Medma
3318:Locri
3283:Cumae
3273:Chone
3251:Italy
3157:Koine
3135:Ionic
3125:Doric
3120:Attic
2941:Delos
2839:Music
2482:Homer
2437:Aesop
2389:Plato
2291:Poets
1961:Ephor
1913:Agora
1890:Tagus
1865:Boule
1614:Samos
1539:Argos
1445:Ionia
1430:Doris
1415:Crete
990:Brill
558:tudun
487:, or
461:Sindi
438:Teian
407:Taman
229:Greek
4039:Tium
3806:Akra
3747:Issa
3441:Gela
3313:Laüs
3288:Elea
2946:Dion
2798:Arts
2788:Wine
2414:Zeno
2011:Wars
1211:ISBN
1192:ISBN
1173:ISBN
1116:2023
1088:2022
1062:2022
1037:ISBN
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