513:
When asked about Turvey's theory, recognized eisteddfod historian Hywel Teifi
Edwards said, "It's conjecture, but there's no doubt that there was a bardic tradition of competition for status before this time." Edwards further stated that any foreign influence was an indication of how very
147:, but these evolved poetry competitions and eventually the competitions became the focus of the festivals. Music and sung performance were emphasised early on, but over the centuries the quality of the poetry came to dominate the members' concern and the
400:
335:
340:
365:
622:
every year, the refrain was publicised on a scroll alongside the Virgin and some illustrious contemporaries on a painted panel in the cathedral. Copies of these paintings, along with the winning
546:, who was associated with the Puy d'Arras, was the first to use the word to mean "a society holding literary competitions". There is some reason to believe that they may have their name from the
370:
28:
215:
would have an open invitation for competitions in several categories, with the theme, form, and refrain in each category stipulated. Among the common most common forms were the
355:
139:
and the benefits inhering in members. Members could be clerical or lay, male or female, noble or bourgeois, urban or rural. The earliest societies were organised around para-
456:, while the musical chair went to the son of Eilon the Crythwr, a member of Rhys's court. Armchairs were a valuable asset, normally reserved for people of high status.
463:, suggested that The Lord Rhys' idea for a competitive festival of music and poetry at Cardigan Castle may have been inspired by similar contests in other parts of
271:. The problems of adjudication at the contests spurred the production of several treatises on versification in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. As in the
92:, meaning "a place to stand", referring probably to a raised platform from which either the contests delivered their works or the judges listened to them.
350:
395:
155:, especially popular from the fifteenth century on, were redefined in the seventeenth as literary academies. In this form they survived until the
380:
360:
647:
390:
385:
375:
452:
Rhys awarded two chairs as prizes, one for the winner of the poetry competition and the other for music. The bardic chair went to a poet from
135:. Membership was regulated by statutes to which those entering had to swear. These governed the election of executive positions within the
514:
cosmopolitan
Medieval Wales had been. "It's a sign of a healthy culture to accept – and marry with – other cultures," he added.
787:
627:
750:
606:
550:(a plateau in central France), where troubadour competitions are known from the period circa 1162–96. See also
572:
693:
792:
797:
17:
192:
531:
802:
551:
782:
412:
807:
241:
187:
175:
36:
721:
8:
676:
492:
484:
440:
183:
602:
502:. The Lord Rhys, Turvey suggested, may have learned about the Puy tradition from the
480:
445:
268:
156:
543:
468:
428:
420:
261:
208:
121:
109:
467:. In those other countries, aspiring poets were trained through apprenticeship to
635:
499:
488:
464:
432:
167:
689:
577:
547:
503:
496:
476:
460:
345:
304:
68:
776:
507:
436:
246:
101:
64:
320:
272:
217:
76:
449:, "encourage the view that it could not have been the first of its kind."
296:
223:
132:
113:
27:
491:, all of which also organized eisteddfod-like contests between poets on
291:. These floral prizes could be redeemable for money. Besides these, the
424:
416:
235:
179:
140:
117:
308:
288:
264:
249:
229:
144:
257:
275:
celebrated in southern France and Spain, the prizes awarded by the
152:
585:
453:
316:
105:
56:
31:
The Monge de
Montaudon receives a prize for his poetry from the
619:
472:
280:
97:
88:
659:
631:
312:
84:
72:
60:
284:
79:, typically through the holding of competitions. The term
510:
or from Welsh mercenary soldiers returning from France.
96:
were established in many cities in northern and central
626:, from the period 1460–1517 are preserved in the
162:
A poetical society known, in a generic fashion, as the
303:
could attract professionals and men of fame, such as
196:
to have held the "suzerainty" of the "court of Puy" (
443:, what few details are recorded of the event in the
166:(Puy-Sainte-Marie), seems to have held contests at
459:In 2007, Welsh historian Roger Turvey, writing of
580:, may reflect a similar tradition to that of the
260:, founded in 1570, did accept two submissions of
174:) in the Occitan language under the patronage of
774:
745:
743:
401:Confrérie de Notre-Dame du Puy de Valenciennes
751:"Eisteddfod may have sprung from French idea"
190:as a prize for one piece. He is said by his
740:
336:Confrérie de Notre-Dame du Puy d'Abbeville
688:
652:Le grant et vrai art de pleine rhétorique
116:, usually encouraging composition in the
26:
714:
694:"The first eisteddfod – Christmas 1176"
366:Confrérie de Notre-Dame du Puy de Douai
341:Confrérie de Notre-Dame du Puy d'Amiens
299:(engraved with imagery or poetry). The
14:
775:
682:
471:or by attending schools run by poets'
427:through his paternal descent from the
323:. They also attracted local amateurs.
24:
722:"Long history of Eisteddfod chair"
71:) lines, for the patronisation of
25:
819:
634:, French MS 145, a work made for
628:Bibliothèque nationale de France
120:language, but also in Latin and
475:such as the Puy of France, the
182:known to have competed was the
665:
641:
612:
591:
573:Die Meistersinger von NĂĽrnberg
565:
524:
13:
1:
556:The Oxford Companion to Music
371:Puy de Sainte-Cécile d'Évreux
326:
67:, sometimes along religious (
671:Hywel Teifi Edwards (2015),
599:The Vidas of the Troubadours
597:Margarita Egan, ed. (1984),
356:Puy de la Conception de Caen
7:
542:(accessed 16 August 2008).
178:(1162–96). Among the
143:celebrations of the Marian
10:
824:
788:Medieval French literature
562:(accessed 17 August 2008).
307:, who competed and won at
279:could be flowers, such as
245:. The music was generally
200:) until it was dissolved.
530:Elizabeth C. Teviotdale,
406:
203:The height of the French
517:
59:, often organised as a
558:, Alison Latham, ed.,
40:
793:Medieval music genres
439:, 1176. According to
131:was dedicated to the
30:
798:Poetry organizations
692:(22 December 2010).
601:(New York: Garland,
188:Eurasian sparrowhawk
176:Alfonso II of Aragon
677:University of Wales
560:Oxford Music Online
540:Oxford Music Online
493:patronal feast days
441:Hywel Teifi Edwards
295:sometimes bestowed
39:perched on his arm.
536:Grove Music Online
184:Monge de Montaudon
41:
757:. 9 February 2007
728:. 16 October 2009
485:Rederijkerskamers
481:Holy Roman Empire
446:Brut y Tywysogion
269:Orlande de Lassus
186:, who received a
157:French Revolution
83:derives from the
16:(Redirected from
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767:
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569:
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544:Adam de la Halle
528:
469:master craftsmen
429:House of Dinefwr
423:, the Prince of
421:Rhys ap Gruffydd
413:first documented
262:through-composed
209:Late Middle Ages
172:Podium Aniciense
164:Puy Sainta Maria
110:High Middle Ages
33:Puy Sainta Maria
21:
823:
822:
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783:Confraternities
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690:Carradice, Phil
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617:
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566:
529:
525:
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500:liturgical year
489:the Netherlands
465:Catholic Europe
433:Cardigan Castle
409:
351:Puy de Beauvais
332:
287:, or sometimes
168:Le-Puy-en-Velay
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
821:
811:
810:
808:Verse contests
805:
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768:
739:
713:
681:
679:Press, page 6.
673:The Eisteddfod
664:
640:
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590:
578:Richard Wagner
564:
548:Massif Central
522:
521:
519:
516:
504:Cambro-Normans
497:Roman Catholic
477:Meistersingers
461:Dinefwr Castle
419:was hosted by
408:
405:
404:
403:
398:
396:Puy de Tournai
393:
388:
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363:
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353:
348:
343:
338:
331:
325:
305:Jean Froissart
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
820:
809:
806:
804:
803:Poets' guilds
801:
799:
796:
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778:
756:
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746:
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649:
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624:chants royaux
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607:0-8240-9437-9
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541:
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508:Welsh Marches
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486:
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437:Christmas Day
434:
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381:Puy of London
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361:Puy de Dieppe
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102:Low Countries
99:
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66:
65:confraternity
62:
58:
54:
53:
48:
47:
38:
34:
29:
19:
18:Pui (society)
759:. Retrieved
755:Wales Online
754:
730:. Retrieved
725:
716:
704:. Retrieved
700:
684:
672:
667:
655:
651:
648:Pierre Fabri
643:
623:
614:
598:
593:
584:in medieval
581:
571:
567:
559:
555:
539:
535:
526:
512:
458:
451:
444:
410:
391:Puy de Rouen
386:Puy de Paris
376:Puy de Lille
328:
321:Valenciennes
300:
297:signet rings
292:
276:
273:Floral Games
253:
240:
234:
228:
222:
218:formes fixes
216:
212:
204:
202:
197:
191:
171:
163:
161:
148:
136:
128:
127:The typical
126:
93:
87:
80:
51:
50:
45:
44:
42:
35:: the white
32:
654:(1521) for
346:Puy d'Arras
224:chant royal
207:was in the
198:cour du Puy
180:troubadours
133:Virgin Mary
114:Renaissance
108:during the
104:, and even
37:sparrowhawk
777:Categories
761:7 February
732:9 February
706:4 February
425:Deheubarth
417:eisteddfod
252:, but the
236:serventois
145:feast days
141:liturgical
118:Old French
483:, or the
309:Abbeville
265:polyphony
250:monophony
230:jeu parti
726:BBC News
701:BBC News
247:strophic
153:Normandy
112:and the
69:Catholic
586:Germany
506:in the
495:of the
479:of the
454:Gwynedd
317:Tournai
242:ballade
122:Occitan
106:England
57:society
697:(blog)
650:wrote
620:Amiens
609:), 70.
605:
473:guilds
415:Welsh
407:Legacy
327:Known
319:, and
281:lilies
258:Évreux
239:, and
221:, the
211:. The
100:, the
98:France
89:podium
77:poetry
55:was a
660:Rouen
632:Paris
576:, by
552:"Puy"
532:"Puy"
518:Notes
431:, at
313:Lille
289:palms
285:roses
267:from
85:Latin
73:music
61:guild
763:2019
734:2019
708:2019
603:ISBN
411:The
329:puys
301:puys
293:puys
277:puys
205:puys
193:vida
149:puys
94:Puys
75:and
658:of
656:puy
618:At
582:puy
487:of
435:on
283:or
256:at
254:puy
213:puy
151:of
137:puy
129:puy
81:puy
63:or
52:pui
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779::
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765:.
736:.
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170:(
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