29:
172:, it was adapted for use as a medium for storing and distributing large amounts of computer data. This data may also include application and operating-system software, sometimes packaged and archived in compressed formats. Later, it was seen to be convenient and useful to boot the computer directly from compact disc, often with a minimal working system to install a full system onto a hard drive. While there are read-write optical discs, either mass-produced read-only discs or write-once discs were used for this purpose.
321:
provide a significant performance boost, as RAM is much faster than a hard drive, and uses less power. Experienced users of the operating system may also use a live CD to determine whether and to what extent a particular operating system or version is compatible with a particular hardware configuration and certain peripherals, or as a way to know beforehand which computer or peripheral will work before buying. A live CD can be used to troubleshoot hardware, especially when a hard drive fails, and more generally as a
146:
200:
691:
297:
415:
535:
449:
316:
operating system). Software can be tested, or run for a particular single use, without interfering with system setup. Data on a system which is not functioning normally due to operating system and software issues can be made available; for example, data can be recovered from a machine with an active
320:
Although some live CDs can load into memory to free the optical drive for other uses, loading the data from a CD-ROM is still slower than a typical hard drive boot, so this is rarely the default with large live CD images, but for smaller live CD images loading the filesystem directly into RAM can
153:
All computers except the earliest digital computers are built with some form of minimal built-in loader, which loads a program or succession of programs from a storage medium, which then operate the computer. Initially a read-only medium such as punched tape or punched cards was used for initial
701:
Unlike previous operating systems on optical media, though, Linux and OS/2 "live CDs" were specifically designed to run without installation onto other media like a hard disk drive. The live CD concept was meant to promote Linux and showcase the abilities of the free,
325:
in case of problems. Some live CDs can save user-created files in a
Windows partition, a USB drive, a network drive, or other accessible media. Live backup CDs can create an image of drives, and back up files, without problems due to open files and inconsistent sets.
402:
Several live CDs are dedicated to specific type of applications according to the requirements of thematic user communities. These CDs are tailored to the needs of the applications in subject including general knowledge, tutorial, specifications and trial data too.
234:
This was a new and different situation for Linux than other operating systems, because the updates/upgrades were being released so quickly, different distributions and versions were being offered online, and especially because users were burning their own CDs.
222:
operating system was meeting resistance in the consumer market because of the perceived difficulty, effort, and risk involved in installing an additional partition on the hard disk, in parallel with an existing operating system installation.
546:
During live CD initialization, a user typically may resort to using one or more boot codes to change the booting behavior. These vary from distribution to distribution but can most often be accessed upon first boot screen by one of the
226:
The term "live CD" was coined because, after typical PC RAM was large enough and 52x speed CD drives and CD burners were widespread among PC owners, it finally became convenient and practical to boot the kernel and run
900:
752:, such as on a CD-ROM has the drawback of being unable to save any current working data. For this reason, a read-only file system is often merged with a temporary writable file system in the form of a
588:
The term "Live CD" came to be used for any CD containing operating system and software which could be run without installation on the host computer. Operating systems which can be used live include
406:
Some of these topics covers sub topics, e.g. IT administration breaks down to firewall, rescue, security, etc. type of live CDs. In some cases a particular Live DVD covers more than one topic.
1790:
585:
medium, changes made during use (such as files created, programs installed, and preferences customised) are written in a new session to the boot medium persisting through subsequent boots.
740:
functionality. This came out of necessity to avoid requiring the user to configure the system each time it boots and to make it easily usable by those who are new to the operating system.
776:) are kept in ramdisk, because the system updates them frequently. Puppy Linux and some other live CDs allow a configuration and added files to be written and used in later sessions.
440:
Typically after booting the machine from the live CD, the appliance either runs in non-persistent demo mode or installs itself, at the user's request, to an available storage device.
246:
first released in beta form 1992~1993 (ceased production in 1995), though in practice its functionality was hampered due to the low throughput of contemporary CD-ROM drives.
257:, first released in 1999, was the first Live CD to focus on system administration, and the first to be distributed in the bootable business card form factor. As of 2023,
183:
or the CD itself would boot specifically, and only, to install onto a hard drive. Early examples of operating systems which could be booted directly from CD-ROM are the
1087:
215:
CDs or "distros" were generally treated as a collection of installation packages that would first need to be permanently installed to hard disks on the target machine.
892:
175:
The first
Compact Disc drives on personal computers were generally much too slow to run complex operating systems; computers were not designed to boot from an
137:
is aimed at preserving privacy and anonymity of its users, allowing them to work with sensitive documents without leaving a record on a computer's hard drive.
815:
317:
virus infection without the virus process being active and causing more damage, and the virus can be removed with its defences against removal bypassed.
430:
as an installable live CD, or live ISO, can often be beneficial as a single image can run on both real hardware and on most types of virtual machines.
308:
Live CDs are made for many different uses. Some are designed to demonstrate or "test drive" a particular operating system (usually Linux or another
1323:
492:. Later versions of Windows (i.e. Windows 8 and later), and software available for earlier versions, allow an ISO to be mounted as a volume.
1177:
1270:
669:
593:
784:
75:
for any purpose without installing it or making any changes to the computer's configuration. Live CDs can run on a computer without
523:
71:
or similar storage device into a computer's memory, rather than loading from a hard disk drive. A live CD allows users to run an
836:
113:
available for burning to CD or DVD. While open source operating systems can be used for free, some commercial software, such as
993:
1599:
1570:
1199:
1079:
1015:
962:
554:
Some live CDs come with an installation utility launchable from a desktop icon that can optionally install the system on a
665:
683:
in 1990.. Earlier examples of live OS are of course the operating systems used from floppy, and most widely spread is
1063:
94:, which have the added benefit of having writeable storage. The functionality of a live CD is also available with an
1374:
1318:
166:
211:
could take advantage of cheap optical disks and rapidly declining prices of CD drives for personal computers, the
1293:
1263:
931:
1486:
1384:
1147:
717:
specification, introduced in 1994. Many Linux based live CDs use a compressed filesystem image, often with the
99:
1764:
1313:
1298:
725:
compressed filesystem, generally doubling effective storage capacity, although slowing application start up.
495:
After mounting the live CD's filesystem, software on the live CD can be run directly, without booting it, by
732:
systems include around 1,200 separate software packages. Live CDs have a reputation for supporting advanced
1795:
1359:
1344:
1303:
851:
1525:
1472:
1109:
714:
86:
As CD and DVD drives have been steadily phased-out, live CDs have become less popular, being replaced by
36:
1540:
1379:
1256:
893:"Help Support the Little-Known Privacy Tool That Has Been Critical to Journalists Reporting on the NSA"
657:
231:, a window manager and GUI applications directly from a CD without disturbing the OS on the hard disk.
675:
The first personal computer operating system on a CD to support "live" operations might have been the
1575:
1394:
1354:
1349:
1308:
419:
72:
1618:
1505:
1369:
134:
20:
573:
media, requiring either copying to rewriteable media (i.e. a hard drive or CD writer) or complete
1364:
1752:
1691:
1580:
1560:
1509:
1467:
1169:
706:
operating system on conventional personal computers with
Microsoft Windows already installed.
254:
433:
This allows developers to avoid the complexities involved in supporting multiple incompatible
387:
providing a secure, reliable platform for the performance of high-vulnerability tasks such as
288:
now include a live CD variant, which in some cases is also the preferred installation medium.
1535:
1501:
1403:
1339:
861:
796:
641:
76:
1732:
1706:
250:, released in 1998, was the first Linux distribution specially designed as a live CD. The
79:, such as a hard disk drive, or with a corrupted hard disk drive or file system, allowing
8:
1701:
1653:
1530:
703:
574:
477:
313:
1232:
1638:
1545:
1052:
866:
765:
733:
511:
427:
340:
334:
285:
212:
118:
106:
1747:
1696:
1628:
1585:
1426:
1059:
954:
710:
617:
473:
395:
381:
playing video games or running applications that require a different operating system
28:
985:
562:. Most live CDs can access the information on internal and/or external hard drives,
384:
providing a secure server platform where crucial files cannot be permanently altered
1785:
1727:
1279:
924:"Out in the Open: Inside the Operating System Edward Snowden Used to Evade the NSA"
846:
773:
570:
388:
363:
and public computers, which can be brought back to their original state by a reboot
64:
1207:
1022:
276:
Since 2003, the popularity of live CDs has increased substantially, partly due to
269:-derived Linux distribution, was released in 2003, and found popularity as both a
218:
However, in the case of these distributions built on top of the Linux kernel, the
154:
program load. With the introduction of inexpensive read-write storage, read-write
1671:
1633:
1604:
802:
Live CDs have to be able to detect and use a wide variety of hardware (including
559:
503:
434:
243:
91:
1242:
284:, which made it very easy to build customized live systems. Most of the popular
1757:
1681:
1643:
1515:
757:
660:. There are maintenance versions of Microsoft Windows bootable from CD such as
609:
539:
360:
95:
145:
1779:
1666:
1623:
1462:
1416:
871:
737:
672:(DaRT), previously known as Emergency Repair Disk Commander (ERD Commander).
349:
322:
309:
270:
219:
126:
114:
80:
1550:
841:
819:
807:
803:
695:
582:
548:
481:
208:
179:. When operating systems came to be distributed on compact discs, either a
176:
169:
122:
199:
1676:
1658:
1441:
1431:
1421:
818:, hal, udisk etc.. which are a common part of all distributions based on
799:. Boot loaders like syslinux can boot ISO files from USB memory devices.
749:
649:
578:
489:
281:
207:
Although early developers and users of distributions built on top of the
180:
155:
16:
Complete, bootable computer installation that runs directly from a CD-ROM
923:
680:
555:
507:
457:
690:
296:
1613:
1520:
1446:
1411:
831:
780:
589:
469:
251:
247:
159:
117:
requires a license to use. Many live CDs are used for data recovery,
110:
32:
1248:
1139:
414:
261:(first released in 2000) is the oldest Live CD still in production.
1742:
856:
753:
722:
563:
519:
515:
437:
images formats and focus on the lowest common denominator instead.
301:
184:
87:
577:
to install additional software; however, there are exceptions. If
534:
203:
CD-ROM of the LGX Yggdrasil Linux distribution release "Fall 1993"
1436:
788:
729:
676:
653:
645:
637:
633:
625:
605:
601:
453:
262:
188:
130:
60:
448:
661:
629:
496:
266:
258:
68:
1686:
1237:
779:
In modern live CDs, a read-only file system is merged with a
718:
613:
375:
being the primary or backup operating system for any computer
277:
239:
1791:
Operating system distributions bootable from read-only media
811:
792:
621:
597:
485:
1117:
1722:
1016:"Software Product Description - Desktop-VMS, Version 1.2"
684:
228:
1054:
Test
Driving Linux: From Windows to Linux in 60 Seconds
273:
system and as a primary distribution in its own right.
1080:"Scan a Windows PC for Viruses from a Ubuntu Live CD"
728:
The resulting environment can be quite rich: typical
102:
by writing files to a hard drive or USB flash drive.
35:
23.04 system running from a live DVD image, with the
713:, a bootable Compact Disc generally conforms to the
98:
connected by USB. Many live CDs offer the option of
1051:
810:etc.) in realtime, often using facilities such as
366:high security/non-invasive environment for a guest
1777:
1245:- A BSD perspective on the concept of Live CDs
1264:
1045:
1043:
983:
191:, both of which were first released in 1989.
837:Comparison of Linux distributions#Live media
90:, which are equivalent systems written onto
502:A live CD ISO image can also be mounted by
443:
1271:
1257:
1040:
670:Microsoft Diagnostics and Recovery Toolset
369:cracking, stealing, and changing passwords
1140:"FlashMob Computing – FlashMob Computing"
1049:
764:" (containing users' personal files and
689:
533:
447:
413:
378:quick and simple clustering of computers
295:
198:
144:
27:
1200:"How to Create a Multi-session LiveDVD"
1021:. Digital. January 1991. Archived from
1778:
921:
679:, which could be booted from CD on an
409:
187:, and the Desktop-VMS distribution of
149:Installation from Ubuntu 23.04 live CD
1278:
1252:
1180:from the original on 22 February 2014
1170:"USB Installation Media - UNetbootin"
986:"DECUServe WORKSTATIONS Conference 8"
952:
890:
569:Live CDs are usually distributed on
13:
1090:from the original on 19 March 2018
934:from the original on 19 April 2014
345:Virus scanning and Malware removal
14:
1807:
1226:
996:from the original on 10 July 2022
984:Bob McCormick (11 January 1989).
903:from the original on 20 July 2014
1375:Object-oriented operating system
965:from the original on 16 May 2022
354:testing new versions of software
63:computer installation including
1206:. 26 April 2011. Archived from
1192:
1162:
1150:from the original on 9 May 2008
922:Finley, Klint (14 April 2014).
897:Freedom of the Press Foundation
721:compressed loopback driver, or
620:installation and repair discs,
329:A few additional uses include:
1385:Supercomputer operating system
1132:
1102:
1072:
1008:
977:
946:
915:
884:
357:listing & testing hardware
165:After the introduction of the
1:
891:Timm, Trevor (2 April 2014).
877:
499:into the mounted filesystem.
462:6.3-Release-i386-bootonly.iso
1360:Just enough operating system
1345:Distributed operating system
852:List of remastering software
158:and hard disks were used as
7:
1473:User space and kernel space
825:
743:
529:
526:can automate this process.
67:which runs directly from a
10:
1812:
1380:Real-time operating system
756:. Often the default Linux
140:
18:
1715:
1652:
1598:
1576:Multilevel feedback queue
1571:Fixed-priority preemptive
1559:
1494:
1485:
1455:
1402:
1393:
1355:Hobbyist operating system
1350:Embedded operating system
1332:
1286:
514:or can be converted to a
456:machine configuration in
1619:General protection fault
1370:Network operating system
1324:User features comparison
1050:Brickner, David (2005).
444:Mounting without burning
372:network security testing
194:
96:external hard disk drive
21:Live CD (disambiguation)
1365:Mobile operating system
772:" (containing variable
581:is recorded to an open
488:variants by mounting a
468:The files on a live CD
291:
1468:Loadable kernel module
698:
566:and USB flash drives.
543:
465:
460:with live image file (
423:
398:and other restrictions
305:
255:bootable business card
204:
150:
135:Tails operating system
40:
1536:Process control block
1502:Computer multitasking
1340:Disk operating system
1144:flashmobcomputing.org
862:Self-booting diskette
693:
642:Plan 9 from Bell Labs
537:
451:
417:
299:
242:-based 'Live CD' was
202:
148:
57:live operating system
31:
1707:Virtual tape library
1299:Forensic engineering
1233:Bootable CDROM HowTo
1176:. Ubuntu Community.
1174:community.ubuntu.com
1110:"Home - HDT Project"
959:Old-Computers Museum
656:and others based on
19:For other uses, see
1796:Software appliances
1716:Supporting concepts
1702:Virtual file system
787:techniques such as
766:configuration files
478:disk image emulator
472:can be accessed in
410:Software appliances
286:Linux distributions
107:Linux distributions
39:desktop environment
1639:Segmentation fault
1487:Process management
1243:Pondering Live CDs
1238:Linux Live scripts
955:"Fujitsu FM Towns"
867:Software appliance
734:auto-configuration
699:
544:
512:VMware Workstation
466:
428:software appliance
424:
348:system repair and
341:computer forensics
335:Linux distribution
306:
278:Linux Live scripts
213:Linux distribution
205:
151:
119:computer forensics
41:
1773:
1772:
1629:Memory protection
1600:Memory management
1594:
1593:
1586:Shortest job next
1481:
1480:
1280:Operating systems
1028:on 16 August 2000
618:Microsoft Windows
506:software such as
474:Microsoft Windows
396:parental controls
77:secondary storage
1803:
1728:Computer network
1492:
1491:
1400:
1399:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1250:
1249:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1210:on 1 August 2018
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1116:. Archived from
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1057:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1027:
1020:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
981:
975:
974:
972:
970:
950:
944:
943:
941:
939:
919:
913:
912:
910:
908:
888:
847:List of live CDs
771:
763:
389:internet banking
92:USB flash drives
73:operating system
65:operating system
59:) is a complete
1811:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1711:
1672:Defragmentation
1657:
1648:
1634:Protection ring
1603:
1590:
1562:
1555:
1477:
1451:
1389:
1328:
1282:
1277:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1120:on 25 July 2018
1108:
1107:
1103:
1093:
1091:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1048:
1041:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1009:
999:
997:
982:
978:
968:
966:
951:
947:
937:
935:
920:
916:
906:
904:
889:
885:
880:
828:
769:
761:
746:
560:USB flash drive
532:
504:Virtual Machine
446:
435:virtual machine
412:
361:Internet kiosks
337:to a hard drive
294:
244:Yggdrasil Linux
197:
143:
127:system recovery
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1809:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1758:User interface
1755:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1682:File attribute
1679:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1644:Virtual memory
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1516:Context switch
1513:
1498:
1496:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1240:
1235:
1228:
1227:External links
1225:
1222:
1221:
1191:
1161:
1131:
1101:
1071:
1064:
1039:
1007:
976:
945:
914:
882:
881:
879:
876:
875:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
827:
824:
745:
742:
610:classic Mac OS
531:
528:
445:
442:
411:
408:
400:
399:
392:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
358:
355:
352:
346:
343:
338:
293:
290:
196:
193:
142:
139:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1808:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1624:Memory paging
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:Device driver
1461:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
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1407:
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1659:file systems
1551:Time-sharing
1212:. Retrieved
1208:the original
1203:
1194:
1182:. Retrieved
1173:
1164:
1152:. Retrieved
1143:
1134:
1122:. Retrieved
1118:the original
1113:
1104:
1092:. Retrieved
1083:
1074:
1058:. O'Reilly.
1053:
1030:. Retrieved
1023:the original
1010:
998:. Retrieved
989:
979:
967:. Retrieved
958:
948:
936:. Retrieved
927:
917:
905:. Retrieved
896:
886:
842:GIS Live DVD
820:Linux kernel
801:
778:
748:A read-only
747:
727:
708:
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696:Gentoo Linux
674:
587:
583:multisession
568:
553:
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482:Daemon Tools
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426:Packaging a
425:
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328:
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237:
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217:
209:Linux kernel
206:
177:optical disc
174:
170:compact disc
164:
156:floppy disks
152:
123:disk imaging
104:
85:
56:
52:
48:
44:
42:
25:
1677:Device file
1667:Boot loader
1581:Round-robin
1506:Cooperative
1442:Rump kernel
1432:Multikernel
1422:Microkernel
1319:Usage share
1204:Puppy Linux
1184:11 February
1114:HDT Project
990:home.iae.nl
785:transparent
758:directories
750:file system
704:open source
694:Live CD of
650:OpenSolaris
579:Puppy Linux
575:remastering
538:Live CD of
490:loop device
418:Live CD of
350:restoration
314:open source
300:Live CD of
282:remastersys
271:rescue disk
185:FM Towns OS
181:boot floppy
100:persistence
1780:Categories
1607:protection
1563:algorithms
1561:Scheduling
1510:Preemptive
1456:Components
1427:Monolithic
1294:Comparison
953:Jiro Kit.
878:References
681:Amiga CDTV
666:Windows PE
556:hard drive
508:VirtualBox
458:VirtualBox
394:Bypassing
238:The first
160:boot media
111:ISO images
1697:Partition
1614:Bus error
1541:Real-time
1521:Interrupt
1447:Unikernel
1412:Exokernel
832:Boot disk
781:RAM drive
715:El Torito
590:AmigaOS 4
571:read-only
564:diskettes
497:chrooting
470:ISO image
252:Linuxcare
248:DemoLinux
88:live USBs
53:live disc
1743:Live USB
1605:resource
1495:Concepts
1333:Variants
1314:Timeline
1214:1 August
1178:Archived
1154:19 March
1148:Archived
1124:19 March
1094:19 March
1088:Archived
1032:26 March
1000:26 March
994:Archived
969:26 March
963:Archived
938:18 April
932:Archived
907:18 April
901:Archived
857:Live USB
826:See also
754:RAM disk
744:Creation
723:squashfs
594:Amithlon
540:Mandriva
530:Features
520:SYSLINUX
516:Live USB
484:, or in
480:such as
452:Virtual
302:Trisquel
61:bootable
49:live DVD
37:GNOME 40
1786:Live CD
1738:Live CD
1692:Journal
1656:access,
1654:Storage
1531:Process
1437:vkernel
1304:History
1287:General
816:hotplug
789:UnionFS
768:) and "
730:Knoppix
677:AmigaOS
658:Solaris
654:BeleniX
646:MorphOS
638:MINIX 3
634:OpenBSD
626:ReactOS
606:FreeDOS
602:FreeBSD
476:with a
454:OpenBSD
263:Knoppix
141:History
131:malware
45:live CD
1546:Thread
1417:Hybrid
1395:Kernel
1062:
783:using
668:, and
662:BartPE
630:NetBSD
518:using
420:Fedora
267:Debian
259:Finnix
69:CD-ROM
47:(also
33:Ubuntu
1748:Shell
1687:Inode
1026:(PDF)
1019:(PDF)
928:WIRED
822:2.6.
762:/home
719:cloop
709:On a
614:macOS
240:Linux
195:Linux
167:audio
109:make
105:Many
55:, or
1309:List
1216:2018
1186:2014
1156:2018
1126:2018
1096:2018
1060:ISBN
1034:2022
1002:2022
971:2022
940:2014
909:2014
812:udev
793:AuFS
774:data
770:/var
736:and
622:OS/2
598:AROS
542:2010
510:and
486:Unix
310:free
304:11.0
292:Uses
280:and
265:, a
220:free
129:and
1765:PXE
1753:CLI
1733:HAL
1723:API
1526:IPC
797:EWF
795:or
685:DOS
558:or
312:or
229:X11
189:VMS
1782::
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1172:.
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1086:.
1082:.
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391:;
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
