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678:, addresses the early years of the formation of the community, from 1880 to 1900, provides the names and occupations of the early immigrants to the area and their backgrounds, and the history of the neighborhood's growth. It includes multiple discussions of issues faced by the immigrants, including the development of journalism, medical care, educational institutions, legal cases, and the contributions of the
453:". This was spite of the fact that there were less than one thousand Syrians in Manhattan at the time. Over the years nearly 125,000 Syrians eventually immigrated to the United States, settling across the mainland United States, Alaska, and Hawaii. In 1899 an article about the Syrian Quarter and its 3,000 residents described how the immigrants arriving there didn't "
505:
order to foster the assimilation of Syrian immigrants and further promote their acceptance by the
American populace by erasing any divisive findings. Hitti even went on to obscure anti-Syrian prejudice, and government backed studies such as the a 1901 report by the Industrial Commission that noted that Syrians lacked a strong worth ethic.
386:. In order to maintain this constant flow of these goods many Syrians also started import-export businesses in order to sell directly to these peddlers. Many women worked as peddlers as well, mainly selling sundry goods, however they also labored as seamstresses, mill workers, factory workers, and entrepreneurs in their own right.
342:. During this conflict between the Arab Christian and Druze populations, many militias ended up killing several thousands civilians across the Mount Lebanon area and Damascus. In addition, disruptions to the local silk trade caused by the influx of international competition following the opening of the
665:
in Little Syria as city landmarks. Then, in 2019, the
Washington Street Advocacy Group published a report by its president, Todd Fine, "Voluntary Destruction: Historic Preservation in the Lower West Side since September 11, 2001". Among other things, the report urged that the Community House and the
629:
closed in 1932. By August 1946, residents and business owners on the stretch of
Washington Street from Rector Street to Battery Place in what was then the "heart of New York's Arab world" had received condemnation notices, just years before the neighborhood was razed to create entrance ramps needed
504:
However, Houghton's report was in spite of the fact that at this time many immigrants lived in squalor in multi-family tenements as noted by immigrant
Abraham Mitrie Rihbany, during his time working and living in the Syrian Colony. Hitti was also notorious for cherry picking details and findings in
492:
describes playwright Henry
Chapman Ford's view of Syrian-Americans by quoting that, "Their family life, their clean way of living impressed me and I decided that the Americanization of such a race was a big factor in making the "melting pot" one of the greatest nations of history". An 1895 New York
317:
seminarians between the 1830s and 1880s. Many were converts as a result of the
American Protestant mission in Syria and only remained in the U.S. for a few years to complete their studies before returning home. The first wave of permanent Syrian immigrants arrived in Manhattan through the
252:
to above Rector Street. This neighborhood became the center of New York's first community of Arabic-speaking immigrants. In spite of this name the neighborhood was never exclusively Syrian or Arab, as there were also many Irish, German, Slavic, and
Scandinavian immigrant families present.
625:, which "made possible and immeasurably stimulated the growth of Arabic journalism in the Middle East." By 1935 the influx of Syrian immigrants declined, following the folding of D. J. Faour and Bros, the first Syrian owned bank and a few years after
346:
in 1869 lead many merchants to leave for port cities across Africa, Latin
America, and North America, with Manhattan being one. It is estimated that only 5-10% of the area's Arab residents were Muslims, mostly coming from the area around present day
670:
having already been designated an individual landmark. A proposal for a "mini historic district" has been put before the
Landmarks Preservation Commission, in response to what is being referred to as a "landmarks emergency".
390:, a prominent jewelry designer, was one of the most successful Syrian-born business owners in the city. Originally trained as a jeweler under her father, she moved the business from its original location on the boardwalk in
539:
was established by the brothers Nageeb and Dr. Abraham J. Arbeely, Syrian immigrants who settled in
Tennessee. The Arbeely were one of the first Syrian families to immigrate to the U.S., Nageeb Arbeely was even made the
612:
described Little Syria as "an enclave in the New World where Arabs first peddled goods, worked in sweatshops, lived in tenements and hung their own signs on stores." Naoum and Salloum Mokarzel created the publication
991:
Much of Little Syria was demolished in the 1940s to allow construction of entrance ramps to the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel. What was left was bulldozed two decades later to make way for the World Trade Center.
45:
1149:"MINISTER FOR SYRIANS; Christian Church to be Filled by a Damascus Preacher. WILL ALSO VISIT OTHER CITIES Bishop of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands Asked the Emperor of Russia to Make the Appointment"
529:
was first modified to produce Arabic characters, which transformed Arabic language journalism. The first Arabic-language periodicals in North America were all printed in New York, the first being
816:.), pp.76-77; Two other sections of New York were singled out as particularly Syrian in 1939, "the Syrian shops and coffee houses with their Arabic signs, on Atlantic Avenue" in
397:
The Christians in the neighborhood mainly lived on Washington Street, to the south of the site of the World Trade Center, where they established three churches, including
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were among the first cultural luminaries that called Little Syria home, with the other cultural, educational, and journalistic minds. It was in Little Syria the
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denominations, with a few Protestants, who had fled Greater Syria due to religious persecution and poverty following the French intervention after the
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just enough of their traits, dress, ideas remain, no matter how long they have been here, to give the colonies they form spice and a touch of novelty.
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276:. The community disappeared almost entirely when a great deal of lower Washington Street was demolished to make way for the entrance ramps to the
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from the late 1880s until the 1940s. The name for the neighborhood came from the Arabic-speaking population who emigrated from
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370:. They would often carry forty to eighty pounds of notions, which they would sell uptown during the day and further afield in
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on the rapid expansion of the area and its popularity in New York City. The neighborhood is a setting in the 2013 novel
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landing docks and registration depot by the start of the 1880s. These were mostly rural Christian merchants from the
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244:. Also called the Syrian Quarter, or Syrian Colony in local newspapers it encompassed a few blocks reaching from
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honors the history of the former neighborhood through interpretive plaques and signs. In 2011, a collection of
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as early as May 1882. Over the years, several reports were published which called the Syrian peddlers "
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1987:
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564:. Later, over 50 Arabic-language periodicals came to be published out of the neighborhood, including
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469:" the reporter described Little Syria near the turn of the 20th century as a mix of social classes.
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1998:
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480:" in the Survey, to change the public perception of these immigrants. Houghton maintained that "
355:, which although a distinct ethnoreligious community in the Levant, are often counted as Muslim.
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The earliest Syrians migrants to arrive in the United States were nearly all men, who came as
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perhaps one great reason that keeps the Syrian Colony in the lower part of Washington Street
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mainly had an Orthodox Christian readership and was edited for a time by the theologian
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and Arab-American activists, under the "Save Washington Street" campaign, lobbied the
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1028:. Marianne R. Sanua, Thesis advisor. Boca Raton, Florida: Florida Atlantic University
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820:(p.463) and "a small Arabian and Syrian quarter" on Thatford Avenue near Belmont in
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1253:"Preservationists call for landmarking of Little Syria vestiges in Lower Manhattan"
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the Syrian Arabs from the Lebanon range have undertaken to invade the United States
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during the summer. Other peddlers sold luxury goods and religious objects such as
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tenement be preserved as among the last remaining vestiges of Little Syria, with
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280:. The quarter was located at the southern edge of the site that would become the
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The neighborhood declined as the inhabitants began moving out to other areas,
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843:. Milstein Division of United States History, Local History and Genealogy.
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Syrian immigrants appreciated liberty, kept clean homes, and obeyed the law
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sentiments against Syrians began to be published in local papers such as
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area in Ottoman Syria. The majority of these Christians belonged to the
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Patrons of a Syrian restaurant playing cards and smoking hookah (1910)
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Strangers in the West: The Syrian Colony of New York City, 1880-1900
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leave all their quaint customs, garments, ways of thinking at home,
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1216:"As Plaza Is Named for Champion of Downtown, Talk of a New Park"
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441:", quoted an immigration officer who said the Arab immigrants "
375:
237:
233:
1047:"Preserving the Memory of New York's 'Little Syria' District"
416:
352:
229:
1235:"An Effort to Save the Remnants of a Dwindling Little Syria"
790:
904:"Altered States: Preserving New York City's 'Little Syria'"
133:
1123:. Northampton, Massachusetts: Olive Branch Press. p.
812:(Reprinted by Scholarly Press, 1976; often referred to as
3108:
1072:"{Former} St. George's Syrian Church Designation Report"
548:
and worked as an immigration inspector at Ellis Island.
1283:, Historical Novel Society. Accessed November 16, 2023.
972:
975:"Little Syria (Now Tiny Syria) Finds New Advocates"
657:and its chairman, Robert Tierney, to designate the
421:In reaction to the emergence of this new community
3422:Melkite Greek Catholic Church in the United States
2360:
1116:
902:O'Brien, Jane and Botti, David (February 7, 2012)
493:Times article mentions that Syrians are fond of "
209:) was a diverse neighborhood that existed in the
19:Former Neighborhood in Manhattan in New York City
3383:
1141:
560:convert who came from a family belonging to the
366:In New York City many immigrants worked as pack
1082:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
1026:The Florida Atlantic University Digital Library
580:who grew up or were born in the United States.
508:
378:, embroideries, rosaries and crosses made from
224:, an area which today includes the nations of
3412:Lebanese-American culture in New York (state)
3124:
2346:
1320:
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832:
830:
362:Cool drinks peddler in Little Syria (1910-15)
472:In reaction to this many immigrants such as
973:Dunlap, David W. Dunlap (January 1, 2012).
769:. New York City Department of City Planning
288:the cornerstone of the Syrian St. Joseph's
3131:
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2353:
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1327:
1313:
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417:Anti-Arab sentiment and community response
50:Lebanon Restaurant, 88 Washington Street,
924:
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3432:Syrian-American culture in New York City
1242:. p.A18. Retrieved: September 24, 2012
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399:St. Nicolas Syrian Orthodox congregation
357:
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2799:African Burial Ground National Monument
1111:
1105:
1086:
1016:
946:
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930:"When an Arab Enclave Thrived Downtown"
576:which aimed at the first generation of
570:. There were also the English-language
3392:Arab-American culture in New York City
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2919:New York City teachers' strike of 1968
1064:
968:
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913:
877:
841:"Remembering Manhattan's Little Syria"
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2804:Bohemian Citizens' Benevolent Society
2334:
1308:
1214:Dunlap, David W. (December 18, 2013)
1189:
1019:"New York's little Syria, 18810-1935"
838:
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3417:Maronite Church in the United States
1070:Caratzas, Michael D. (July 4, 2009)
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1000:
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16:Former Neighborhood in New York City
3397:Ethnic enclaves in New York (state)
1233:Dunlap, David W. (January 2, 2012)
1092:Childe, Cromwell (August 20, 1899)
963:
928:Dunlap, David W. (August 25, 2010)
839:Nigro, Carmen (November 19, 2015).
763:"NYC Planning | Community Profiles"
668:St. George's Syrian Catholic Church
467:a number of amazingly pretty girls,
206:
13:
3402:Former New York City neighborhoods
2883:Philippine Independence Day Parade
1039:
896:
781:
767:communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov
304:Syrian-American children (1910-15)
14:
3443:
1289:
997:
864:
714:Syrian Americans in New York City
655:Landmarks Preservation Commission
637:A public park at the junction of
562:Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch
292:Church was found in the rubble.
268:, with many shops relocating to
119:
99:
44:
37:Former Neighborhood in Manhattan
2834:New York Filipino Film Festival
1273:
1260:
1245:
1227:
1208:
1183:
1167:
2870:German-American Steuben Parade
1192:"The first Syrians in America"
950:Karpf, Ruth (August 11, 1946)
449:", and stirred up fears that "
439:dirty Arabs from Mount Lebanon
394:to Manhattan after his death.
351:. This included a minority of
308:
286:September 11 terrorist attacks
1:
2909:New York Slave Revolt of 1712
1251:Levine, Lucie (June 5, 2019)
1190:Namee, Matthew (2009-11-30).
1119:The Arab Americans: A History
1017:Shibley, Gregory (May 2014).
749:
486:The Arab Americans: A History
447:the landing of thieving Arabs
3427:Palestinian-American culture
2997:Il Progresso Italo-Americano
2829:New York Asian Film Festival
960:. Accessed: August 25, 2010.
542:American consul to Jerusalem
509:Arab American literary scene
7:
2924:Crown Heights riots of 1991
2914:New York Conspiracy of 1741
2814:Hispanic Society of America
1094:"New York's Syrian Quarter"
938:. Accessed August 25, 2010.
695:
459:ordinary American citizens,
10:
3448:
3407:Jordanian-American culture
3138:
2819:Indo-American Arts Council
1224:. Accessed April 13, 2016.
814:WPA Guide to New York City
800:. New York: Random House.
600:Syrian baklava chef (1916)
521:, and, the Boston raised,
295:
3353:
3321:
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3258:
3237:
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3209:
3146:
3090:
3032:New Yorker Staats-Zeitung
2953:
2932:
2901:
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2791:
2559:8th Avenue/Lapskaus Blvd.
2549:
2372:
2217:
2103:
2044:
1901:
1767:
1673:
1571:
1353:
1281:"The Golem and the Jinni"
1270:. New York: Kalimah Press
1174:"Another Daily Newspaper"
1102:Accessed August 25, 2010.
878:Jacobs, Linda K. (2015).
680:1893 Chicago World's Fair
651:historic preservationists
647:Elizabeth H. Berger Plaza
583:
495:water, trees, and flowers
392:Atlantic City, New Jersey
180:
168:
156:
144:
132:
112:
94:
59:
43:
34:
24:
2207:Yiddish Theatre District
1266:Jacobs, Linda K. (2016)
792:Federal Writers' Project
659:Downtown Community House
634:, which opened in 1950.
3098:Undocumented immigrants
2888:Puerto Rican Day Parade
2824:Irish Repertory Theatre
1296:Little Syria, Manhattan
846:New York Public Library
685:The Golem and the Jinni
632:Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel
621:to produce text in the
457:" nor did they become "
278:Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel
3250:Abraham Mitrie Rihbany
2839:Wales Week in New York
729:Abraham Mitrie Rihbany
645:and Edgar Street, the
601:
593:
554:Abraham Mitrie Rihbany
443:were educated to steal
411:New York City Landmark
363:
305:
2990:Freie Arbeiter Stimme
1268:Strangers in the West
952:"Street of the Arabs"
822:Brownsville, Brooklyn
676:Strangers in the West
663:109 Washington Street
599:
591:
445:” as they came from "
361:
340:1860 Syrian Civil War
303:
79:40.70806°N 74.01389°W
2865:Feast of San Gennaro
2860:Dominican Day Parade
2310:Joint interest area:
1822:Peter Cooper Village
1527:South Street Seaport
1499:Meatpacking District
1279:Bourgeois, Richard.
661:and the tenement at
3171:Abd al-Masih Haddad
2976:El Diario La Prensa
2809:El Museo del Barrio
2014:Morningside Heights
1415:Cooperative Village
1155:. 15 September 1895
797:New York City Guide
513:Lebanese-Americans
84:40.70806; -74.01389
75: /
2945:Nuyorican Movement
2940:Harlem Renaissance
2893:Pulaski Day Parade
2773:Washington Heights
2120:Gas House District
2035:Washington Heights
1562:World Trade Center
1443:Financial District
1239:The New York Times
1221:The New York Times
1178:The New York Times
1153:The New York Times
1099:The New York Times
1077:2012-10-19 at the
980:The New York Times
957:The New York Times
935:The New York Times
606:The Arab Americans
602:
594:
478:Syrians in America
434:the New York Times
364:
306:
282:World Trade Center
158:Community District
3379:
3378:
3196:William Catzeflis
3106:
3105:
2902:Historical events
2879:NY Persian Parade
2875:Korean Day Parade
2392:African Americans
2328:
2327:
2007:Mount Morris Park
1836:Stuyvesant Square
1601:Flatiron District
1573:Midtown Manhattan
1450:Greenwich Village
1387:Battery Park City
1134:978-1-5665-6597-4
1022:(application/pdf)
908:BBC News Magazine
882:. Kalimah Press.
807:978-1-60354-055-1
709:Lebanese American
604:In his 2006 book
403:St. George Chapel
246:Washington Street
196:
195:
3439:
3361:Little Syria, NY
3344:The Syrian World
3271:Salloum Mokarzel
3225:Riwaq al-Ma'arri
3217:Shafiq al-Ma'luf
3133:
3126:
3119:
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2693:Le Petit Senegal
2536:Native Americans
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2223:Community boards
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2085:Roosevelt Island
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2061:Governors Island
2056:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1990:
1983:
1981:Le Petit Senegal
1976:
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1953:Hamilton Heights
1948:
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1934:
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1730:Manhattan Valley
1725:
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1659:
1657:Theater District
1652:
1645:
1638:
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1608:Garment District
1603:
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1594:Diamond District
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527:linotype machine
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372:upstate New York
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490:Gregory Orfalea
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2708:Little Fuzhou
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2631:Dyker Heights
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1471:Little Fuzhou
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1358:below 14th St
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1340:New York City
1337:
1336:Neighborhoods
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734:Kahlil Gibran
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544:by President
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523:Kahlil Gibran
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222:Ottoman Syria
219:
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211:New York City
207:سوريا الصغيرة
204:
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187:212, 332, 646
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107:United States
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60:Coordinates:
58:
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29:سوريا الصغيرة
23:
3371:Buenos Aires
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3201:Ameen Rihani
3186:Rashid Ayyub
3176:Nadra Haddad
3091:Other topics
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3018:Little India
3016:
3009:
3004:India Abroad
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2792:Institutions
2778:Williamsburg
2743:Little Syria
2742:
2738:Little Spain
2718:Little Italy
2703:Little Egypt
2656:Howard Beach
2589:Borough Park
2160:Little Syria
2159:
2152:Little Spain
2136:Ladies' Mile
2128:Jones's Wood
2093:Wards Island
2053:Ellis Island
1871:Union Square
1850:Sutton Place
1707:Hudson Yards
1664:Times Square
1555:West Village
1478:Little Italy
1429:East Village
1422:Dimes Square
1408:Civic Center
1275:
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1199:. Retrieved
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1157:. Retrieved
1152:
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1088:
1066:
1055:. Retrieved
1053:. 2016-02-11
1050:
1041:
1030:. Retrieved
1025:
990:
984:. Retrieved
978:
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906:
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856:November 21,
854:. Retrieved
844:
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771:. Retrieved
766:
757:
739:Ameen Rihani
683:
675:
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636:
626:
614:
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558:Presbyterian
549:
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530:
515:Ameen Rihani
512:
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432:
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420:
407:Melkite Rite
396:
376:damask cloth
365:
315:Presbyterian
312:
284:. After the
255:
250:Battery Park
199:Little Syria
198:
197:
26:Little Syria
3281:Najeeb Diab
3245:Afifa Karam
3191:Wadi Bahout
3166:Nasib Arida
3067:Epoch Times
3025:Korea Times
3011:Irish Voice
2983:The Forward
2969:China Daily
2768:Sunset Park
2753:Morris Park
2584:Bensonhurst
2517:Salvadorans
2456:Belarusians
2112:Five Points
1995:Marble Hill
1946:Fort George
1939:East Harlem
1815:Murray Hill
1714:development
1548:Two Bridges
309:Early years
262:Sunset Park
163:Manhattan 1
82: /
3386:Categories
3290:Newspapers
3259:Publishers
2758:Ozone Park
2676:Koreatowns
2626:Curry Hill
2599:Chinatowns
2529:Black Jews
2507:Dominicans
2493:Caribbeans
2486:Ukrainians
2404:Brazilians
2397:Black Jews
2373:Ancestries
2199:Tenderloin
2021:Sugar Hill
1864:Turtle Bay
1857:Tudor City
1808:Lenox Hill
1737:Penn South
1201:2022-07-31
1057:2022-07-25
1032:2022-07-25
986:2015-03-10
750:References
465:" Noting "
380:olive wood
344:Suez Canal
182:Area codes
70:74°00′50″W
67:40°42′29″N
3366:São Paulo
3330:Al-Funoon
3322:Magazines
2933:Movements
2783:Yorkville
2681:Manhattan
2614:Manhattan
2574:Bay Ridge
2497:Hispanics
2451:Albanians
2446:Europeans
2439:Taiwanese
2419:Filipinos
2176:Radio Row
1932:Astor Row
1892:Yorkville
1829:Rose Hill
1769:East Side
1675:West Side
1622:Koreatown
1401:Chinatown
1347:Manhattan
773:March 18,
535:in 1892.
488:, writer
413:in 2009.
384:Holy Land
382:from the
349:Palestine
266:Bay Ridge
264:area and
242:Palestine
218:Manhattan
151:Manhattan
52:Manhattan
3337:As-Sayeh
3046:Proletar
2748:Loisaida
2641:Flatbush
2636:Elmhurst
2604:Brooklyn
2579:Bed–Stuy
2512:Mexicans
2481:Russians
2476:Italians
2429:Japanese
1801:Kips Bay
1485:Loisaida
1159:1 August
1115:(2006).
1075:Archived
824:(p.498).
794:(1939).
696:See also
630:for the
423:nativist
368:peddlers
332:Maronite
290:Maronite
274:Brooklyn
170:ZIP Code
127:New York
3298:Al-Hoda
2671:Jamaica
2564:Astoria
2466:Germans
2434:Koreans
2424:Indians
2414:Chinese
2385:Syrians
2095:(CB 11)
2079:(CB 11)
2045:Islands
1999:Bx CB 8
1693:Chelsea
1541:Tribeca
1343:borough
1338:in the
1176:(PDF).
615:Al-Hoda
567:Al-Hoda
405:of the
328:Melkite
296:History
226:Lebanon
214:borough
146:Borough
95:Country
3354:Places
3238:Others
3140:Mahjar
2686:Queens
2646:Harlem
2609:Queens
2541:Romani
2409:Asians
2209:(CB 3)
2201:(CB 4)
2186:(CB 7)
2178:(CB 1)
2170:(CB 7)
2162:(CB 1)
2154:(CB 4)
2146:(CB 3)
2138:(CB 5)
2130:(CB 8)
2122:(CB 6)
2114:(CB 3)
2104:Former
2087:(CB 8)
2071:(CB 1)
2063:(CB 1)
2055:(CB 1)
2028:Sylvan
1974:Inwood
1960:Harlem
1513:Nolita
1394:Bowery
1131:
886:
804:
584:Legacy
334:, and
260:, the
240:, and
238:Israel
234:Jordan
203:Arabic
189:, and
124:
104:
54:(1936)
2954:Media
2471:Irish
2461:Dutch
2380:Arabs
1643:NoMad
1256:6sqft
353:Druze
272:, in
230:Syria
175:10280
114:State
3211:Usba
2524:Jews
2495:and
1908:(CB
1771:(CB
1677:(CB
1575:(CB
1520:SoHo
1506:NoHo
1360:(CB
1161:2022
1129:ISBN
884:ISBN
858:2015
802:ISBN
775:2019
497:and
431:and
401:and
134:City
2364:in
1345:of
1298:at
992:...
688:by
501:".
248:in
216:of
191:917
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2304:12
2297:11
2290:10
2225::
1922:12
1920:,
1918:11
1916:,
1914:10
1912:,
1775:,
1681:,
1368:,
1364:,
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1151:.
1127:.
1125:85
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1024:.
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201:(
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