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1843:(ISRC) to put an astronaut into space. The details of the design were published by the institute in its "Astronaut" publication in February 2015. A mock up of the spaceship was displayed on 17 February 2015 during the ceremony of the national day of space of Iran. The head of the institute announced that the spaceship will be launched to space in about a year. The spaceship is supposed be able to carry a single astronaut to a 175 km height and return him to the Earth. The spaceship is designed under the code name "Class E Kavoshgar" project. Through December 2022, no further details have been published and no crewed launches have occurred.
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1211:, which consisted of a series of four crewed scientific research space stations and two crewed military reconnaissance space stations over a period of 15 years from 1971 to 1986. Two other Salyut launches failed. Salyut was, on the one hand, designed to carry out long-term research into the problems of living in space and a variety of astronomical, biological and Earth-resources experiments, and on the other hand this civilian program was used as a cover for the highly secretive military
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module will launch (without a crew) in 2023. In 2024, during the months leading up to the crewed landing, NASA will launch the last critical components: a transfer vehicle that will ferry landers from the
Gateway to a lower lunar orbit, a descent module that will bring the astronauts to the lunar surface, and an ascent module that will bring them back up to the transfer vehicle, which will then return them to the Gateway.
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4269:, "Now, for Artemis 3 that carries our crew to the Gateway, we need to have the crew have access to a lander. So, that means that at Gateway we're going to have the Power and Propulsion Element, which will be launched commercially, the Utilization Module, which will be launched commercially, and then we'll have a lander there..
1947:(USA): A Bigelow inflatable module was attached to the ISS on April 8, 2016, where it will remain for a testing period of two years. Any independent Bigelow Commercial space station will have to await the development of commercially available human rated orbital spacecraft. The first of these are expected to be the SpaceX
2192:
was a proposed two stage to orbit vehicle. Air-breathing hypersonic first stage and delta wing second stage. The German
Hypersonics Program and its Saenger II reference vehicle received most of the domestic funding for spaceplane development in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 1995, the project was
1733:
In 2014, Copenhagen
Suborbitals settled on the basic design for their first crewed rocket and space capsule. The rocket will be named Spica, and will stand 12–14 m tall with a diameter of 950 mm. It will be powered by the BPM-100 engine class, using liquid oxygen as oxidizer and ethanol as fuel,
1178:
failed because hydraulic pressure was lost during the descent. Twelve subsequent flights (through
January 2019), including two in-flight abort tests, took place with safe landings of both capsule and booster with two additional vehicles. New Shepard first flew humans to space on 20 July 2021 with the
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And before NASA sends astronauts to the moon in 2024, the agency will first have to launch five aspects of the lunar
Gateway, all of which will be commercial vehicles that launch separately and join each other in lunar orbit. First, a power and propulsion element will launch in 2022. Then, the crew
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space station. The spacecraft was designed for both crewed and autonomous uncrewed cargo resupply flights, but was never used operationally in its intended role – only four test missions were flown (including three that docked to Salyut space stations) during the program. The
Functional Cargo Block
356:-derived booster. The ejection seat was removed and two or three crew couches were added to the interior at a 90-degree angle to that of the Vostok crew position. However, the position of the in-flight controls was not changed, so the crew had to crane their heads 90 degrees to see the instruments.
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Under the NASA plan, a mission to land on the moon would take place during the third launch of the Space Launch System. Astronauts, including the first woman to walk on the moon, Mr. Bridenstine said, would first stop at the orbiting lunar outpost. They would then take a lander to the surface near
399:
was the second human spaceflight program conducted by NASA. It operated between
Projects Mercury and Apollo, with 10 crewed flights occurring in 1965 and 1966. Its objective was to develop techniques for advanced space travel, notably those necessary for Project Apollo, whose objective was to land
2324:
was a space competition in which the X Prize
Foundation offered a US$ 10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world participated, ranging from volunteer hobbyists to large
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has decided to focus the majority of its resources on the final development of the revolutionary liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen (LH2) program. This innovative propulsion technology has applications to upper stage liquid hydrogen engines suitable for the Atlas V, Delta IV, and the planned NASA
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design. Just before the first release of the name Vostok to the press, it was a classified word. By August/September 1958 a division had been formed devoted to producing the first Vostok craft. The official approval (decree) for the Vostok was delayed until 22 May 1959 by competition with photo
3866:
Musk tackles the hardest engineering problems first. For Mars, there will be so many logistical things to make it all work, from power on the surface to scratching out a living to adapting to its extreme climate. But Musk believes that the initial, hardest step is building a reusable, orbital
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on conventional runways. On 26 October 2013, the first glide flight occurred. An initial orbital test flight of the Dream Chaser orbital test vehicle was planned for 1 November 2016, which was not met. On 3 February 2015, the Sierra Nevada
Corporation's (SNC) Space Systems and
236:
sank and was recovered from the bottom of the
Atlantic Ocean after 38 years. Some spacecraft were modified after initial production (refurbished after launch abort, modified for longer missions, etc.) and received a letter designation after their number, examples 2A, 15B. Some spacecraft were
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was a Japanese experimental spaceplane project designed by a partnership between NASDA and NAL (both now part of JAXA), started in the 1980s. It was positioned for most of its lifetime as one of the main Japanese contributions to the International Space Station, the other being the Japanese
216:
Because of their small size it was said that the Mercury spacecraft capsules were worn, not ridden. With 1.7 cubic metres (60 cu ft) of habitable volume, the capsule was just large enough for the single crew member. Inside were 120 controls: 55 electrical switches, 30 fuses and 35
1482:(USOS), which is shared by many nations. The American portion of ISS was funded until 2024. Roscosmos has also endorsed the continued operation of ISS through 2024, but have proposed subsequently using elements of the Russian Orbital Segment to construct a new Russian space station called
1025:
is a development of the robotic Dragon cargo spacecraft which has been re-supplying the International Space Station since 2010. The spacecraft is able to carry a crew of four astronauts to the International Space Station, with a planned maximum capacity of seven. It includes a set of four
50:– arrived. By the end of 2022, three countries (Soviet Union/Russia, United States and China) and one private company (SpaceX) had successfully launched humans to Earth orbit, and two private companies (Scaled Composites and Blue Origin) had launched humans on a suborbital trajectory.
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to compete in the emerging suborbital spaceflight market. The Lynx is projected to carry one pilot, a ticketed passenger, and/or a payload above 100 km altitude. The Mark I test model will reach only 200,000 feet (61 km); the Mark II production model will be sub-orbital.
2005:
that could be used for a variety of military missions, including reconnaissance, bombing, space rescue, satellite maintenance, and sabotage of enemy satellites. The program ran from 24 October 1957 to 10 December 1963 and was canceled just after spacecraft construction had begun.
830:, was launched on 20 November 1999 and recovered the next day, marking the first step of the realization of China's human spaceflight capability. Three more uncrewed missions were conducted in the next few years in order to verify the key technologies. On 15 October 2003
2103:
to develop a 2-stage launcher plane began in 1965 and was entrusted to OKB-155 A.I.Mikojan whose chief of the engineering and design department was Lozino Lozinsky (55 years). The project received the name of SPIRAL and was to prepare the Soviet Union for a war in space.
809:. It was announced a few times in 1978 with the publishing of some details, including photos, but then was abruptly canceled in 1980. It has been argued that the second crewed program was created solely for propaganda purposes, and was never intended to produce results.
41:
have been conducted, started, or planned by multiple countries and companies. Until the 21st century, human spaceflight programs were sponsored exclusively by governments, through either the military or civilian space agencies. With the launch of the privately funded
375:
was the objective that initially motivated it. Once both goals were realized, the program was abandoned. This followed the change in Soviet leadership, which was less concerned about stunt and prestige flights, and allowed the Soviet designers to concentrate on the
662:, which badly damaged the spacecraft on the moonward leg of its journey. The three astronauts aboard narrowly escaped with their lives, thanks to the efforts of flight controllers, project engineers, backup crew members and the skills of the astronauts themselves.
2208:, for Horizontal Take-Off and Landing, was a 1980s British design for a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spaceplane that was to be powered by an airbreathing jet engine. Development was being conducted by a consortium led by Rolls-Royce and British Aerospace (BAe).
1715:
is an amateur crowd-funded, human space programme. Since its beginning in 2008, Copenhagen Suborbitals has flown five home-built rockets and two mock-up space capsules. Their stated goal is to have one of the members fly into space (above 100 km), on a
2486:
According to a September 2015 report, the first flight of the Lynx spaceplane was proposed to be in the second quarter of 2016 from Midland, Texas, but the company halted spaceplane development in May 2016 and refocused on its LOX/H2 engine technology.
2497:
marketing campaign which was launched in 2013 was also affected by the cancellation of the XCOR Lynx. The campaign included an astronaut selection contest where 23 winners would be given suborbital spaceflights on board the Lynx.
1880:
region by 2025. Artemis would be the first step towards the long-term goal of establishing a sustainable presence on the Moon, laying the foundation for private companies to build a lunar economy, and eventually sending humans to
2046:
Western nickname "Battlestar Khrushchev" a nuclear-armed monolith station, about 5 times the volume of Salyut 1 and as heavy as Skylab. The station was designed for a crew of 6 and proceeded to mock-up stage before cancellation.
419:. This was mainly a result of its late start date, which allowed it to benefit from much that had been learned during the early stages of the Apollo project (which, despite its later launch dates, actually began before Gemini).
937:
The objective of the project is to develop technology for low-cost routine access to space. Tier One is not itself intended to carry paying passengers, but it is envisioned that there will be commercial spinoffs, initially in
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The Space Shuttle was the only winged spacecraft to achieve orbit and land with crew aboard, and the first of a small number of reusable space vehicles to make multiple flights into orbit (subsequently followed by the
3360:
2367:(ふじ) was a crewed spacecraft of the space capsule kind, proposed by Japan's National Space Development Agency (NASDA) Advanced Mission Research Center in December 2001. The Fuji design was ultimately not developed.
816:(CMS), also known as "Project 921", authorization and funding was given for the first phase of a third, successful attempt at crewed spaceflight. To achieve independent human spaceflight capability, China developed
1930:
is planned to be the maiden flight of the SLS Block 1B and will use the minimalist Gateway and expendable lander to achieve the first crewed lunar landing of the program. The flight is planned to touch down on the
61:
defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometers (62 mi). In the United States professional, military, and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of 80 kilometers (50 mi) are awarded the
2393:(Russian: Клипер, Clipper) was a partly reusable crewed spacecraft concept, proposed in the early 2000s by RSC Energia. Due to lack of funding from the ESA and RSA, the project was indefinitely postponed by 2006.
351:
The Voskhod spacecraft was basically a Vostok spacecraft that had a backup, solid fuel retrorocket added to the top of the descent module. The heavier weight of the craft was made possible by improvements to the
2273:(Russian: МАКС (Многоцелевая авиационно-космическая система), Multipurpose aerospace system) was a Soviet air-launched reusable launch system project with orbiter that was proposed in 1988 but canceled in 1991.
2116:(Russian: Транспортный корабль снабжения, Transportnyi Korabl Snabzheniia, Transport Supply Spacecraft, GRAU index 11F72) was a Soviet spacecraft conceived in the late 1960s for resupply flights to the military
2236:
was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. See also
1386:
was the first continuously inhabited long-term research station in orbit and set the record for the longest continuous human presence in space at 3,644 days until 23 October 2010 when it was surpassed by the
6380:
2252:
was a proposed spaceplane designed by the French Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) in 1975, and later by the European Space Agency (ESA). It was superficially similar to the American Boeing X-20
2220:
spacecraft was a secret Soviet project of the late 1980s aiming to design and build a large, crewed, vertical takeoff, vertical landing (VTVL) reusable space capsule, a much larger replacement for the
3152:
359:
While the Vostok program was dedicated towards understanding the effects of space travel and microgravity on the human body, Voskhod's two flights were aimed towards spectacular "firsts". Cosmonaut
1223:, including several mission duration records, the first ever orbital handover of a space station from one crew to another, and various spacewalk records. The program went through various changes.
100:
was a project that succeeded in putting a person into orbit for the first time. Sergei Korolev and Konstantin Feoktistov began, in June 1956, crewed spacecraft research. The program developed the
790:
decided on 14 July 1967 that China should not be left behind, and initiated their own crewed space program: the top-secret Project 714, which aimed to put two people into space by 1973 with the
6981:
5464:
1101:. The Starliner is to support larger crews of up to seven people. The Starliner is designed to be able to remain on-orbit for up to seven months and for reusability for up to ten missions.
824:
rocket dedicated for human spaceflight in the next few years, along with critical infrastructures like new launch site and flight control center being built. The first uncrewed spacecraft,
159:, the first woman in space. Another seven Vostok flights (Vostok 7 to 13) were originally planned, going through to April 1966, but these were canceled and the components recycled into the
7310:
6898:
1328:
was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996. It had a greater mass than any previous spacecraft. Until 21 March 2001 it was the largest
703:. When its mission was complete, the shuttle could independently move itself out of orbit (by means of making a 180-degree turn and firing its main engines, thus slowing it down) and
499:
by repeatedly docking with upper stages that had been put in orbit using the same rocket as the Soyuz. This and the initial civilian designs were done under the Soviet Chief Designer
1399:
was occupied for a total of twelve and a half years out of its fifteen-year lifespan, having the capacity to support a resident crew of three, or larger crews for short term visits.
4482:
RKK Energia, ... in the 1980s ... worked on a highly classified project to develop a large crewed capsule, called Zarya ("Dawn"), for a wide range of civilian and military missions.
8242:
2075:
project. It was announced to the public on the same day that the Dyna-Soar program was canceled, 10 December 1963. the program was redirected in the mid-1960s and developed as a
965:, the first SpaceShipTwo spaceplane, made its first crewed gliding test flight. By October 2014 SpaceShipTwo had conducted 54 test flights. On October 31, 2014, SpaceShipTwo VSS
8210:
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on 29 April 2021. It was later visited by multiple cargo and crewed spacecraft and demonstrated China's capability of sustaining Chinese astronauts' long-term stay in space.
75:
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1730:, a Danish organization attempting to perform the first amateur suborbital crewed spaceflight. The vehicle consisted of a motor named HEAT-1X and a spacecraft Tycho Brahe.
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642:
The goal of the program, as articulated by President Kennedy, was accomplished with only two major failures. The first failure resulted in the deaths of three astronauts,
491:
design was the basis for many projects, many of which never came to light. Its earliest form was intended to travel to the Moon without employing a huge booster like the
10564:
7670:
1305:, each delivered a three-astronaut crew. On the last two crewed missions, an additional Apollo / Saturn IB stood by ready to rescue the crew in orbit if it was needed.
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1293:' first space station. Skylab orbited Earth from 1973 to 1979, and included a workshop, a solar observatory, and other systems. It was launched uncrewed by a modified
511:
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503:, who did not live to see the craft take flight. Several military derivatives actually took precedence in the Soviet design process, though they never came to pass.
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981:(according to the U.S. definition of space) on December 13, 2018. Marking the end of the "shuttle gap." VSS Unity made its second spaceflight on February 22, 2019.
8265:
8225:
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4281:, "The direction that we have right now is that the next man and the first woman will be Americans, and that we will land on the south pole of the Moon in 2024.".
3980:"Starship is the spaceship/upper stage & Super Heavy is the rocket booster needed to escape Earth's deep gravity well (not needed for other planets or moons)"
2312:(観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft).
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discontinued primarily due to concerns of development costs and limited gains in price and performance compared to the existing space launch systems such as the
2019:
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was one of several proposals for a European reusable launch vehicle (RLV) planned to cheaply ferry satellites into orbit by 2015. There have been no launches.
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The first flight of the New Shepard vehicle was conducted on 29 April 2015 during which an altitude of 93,500 meters (307,000 ft) was attained. While the
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1603:
According to CMS announcement, all missions of Tiangong Space Station are scheduled to be carried out by the end of 2022. Once the construction is completed,
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is an economic stimulus program funds technology development related to human spaceflight by private companies. In September 2014 NASA awarded contracts to
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1660:(SNC) Space Systems. It is now planned to be a robotic cargo transport to the ISS. The Dream Chaser was designed to carry up to seven people to and from
2738:
1474:. The ownership and use of the space station is established by intergovernmental treaties and agreements. The station is divided into two sections, the
691:, officially called "Space Transportation System" (STS), was a United States government crewed launch vehicle, retired from service in 2011. The winged
186:
was the first human spaceflight program of the United States. It ran from 1959 through 1963 with the goal of putting a human in orbit around the Earth.
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and stationed for about 30 days and verified the viability of astronauts' medium-term stay in space. In April 2017, China's first cargo spacecraft,
969:
suffered an in-flight breakup during a powered flight test, resulting in a crash killing one pilot and injuring the other. The second SpaceShipTwo,
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was the second Chinese crewed space program based on the successful achievement of landing technology (third in the world after USSR and USA) by
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has limited capacity for return payloads. Each vehicle was designed with a projected lifespan of 100 launches, or 10 years' operational life.
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2152:. It had only one orbital flight, an uncrewed test, before cancellation. In the process it became the first spaceplane to land autonomously.
1958:
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751:, but its use in this capacity was rare. However, the Space Shuttle was used to return large payloads from the ISS to Earth, as the Russian
588:
announced a goal of landing a man on the Moon by the end of the decade. It was accomplished on July 20, 1969, by the landing of astronauts
232:. Five of the twenty spacecraft, #10, 12, 15, 17, and 19, were not flown. Spacecraft #3 and #4 were destroyed during uncrewed test flights.
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uncrewed spacecraft. The two spacecraft completed China's first automatic rendezvous and docking on 3 November 2011. About 9 months later,
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Experiment Module. The project was eventually canceled in 2003, by which point test flights of a sub-scale testbed had flown successfully.
1427:. Its first component launched into orbit in 1998, and the ISS is now the largest artificial body in orbit and can often be seen with the
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rocket, with a weight of 169,950 pounds (77,090 kg). Three crewed missions to the station, conducted between 1973 and 1974 using the
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Space Launch System (SLS). ... XCOR's problem is — and has always been — funding. There wasn't enough of it to keep the Lynx staff.
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456:, meaning "Union") is a human spaceflight program that was initiated by the Soviet Union in early 1967. It was originally part of a
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2300:) is being created within the framework of the research work (SRW) "Orel" commissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993.
340:, recycling components left over from that program's cancellation following its first six flights. The two missions flown used the
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is a new multi-task Russian spacecraft for LEO, ISS and lunar missions. The spacecraft, when revealed in 2015, resembled NASA's
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China was the first Asian country and third nation in the world, after the USSR and USA, to send humans into space. During the
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2121:(FGB) of the TKS spacecraft later formed the basis of several space station modules, including the Zarya FGB module on the
1005:, the capsule developed by SpaceX, is listed under "successful programs" as it first launched humans to space in May 2020.
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1785:, the first stage is designed to land vertically to be reusable. It can launch either a cargo or a crew capsule to space.
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to get launch and landing working and iterate on a variety of design details, particularly with respect to the vehicle's
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rocket, was designed to carry a crew of two. The program was officially cancelled on 13 May 1972 for economic reasons.
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and three components of an expendable lunar lander are planned to be delivered on multiple launches from commercial
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man-in-space program called MODS (Manned Orbital Development System), a type of military space station that used
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AG (OHB) in Germany announced the completion of the initial Dream Chaser for European Utilization (DC4EU) study.
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3953:
2402:
915:
911:
732:
582:
534:
company. There were 11 Soyuz launches in 2001 and 9 in 2002. Currently, Soyuz vehicles are launched from the
10965:
10084:
9980:
8454:
8205:
8155:
7911:
7744:
7539:
7413:
7315:
6991:
6767:
6726:
5609:
5264:
3824:
3427:
2735:
1840:
1628:
1174:
itself was deemed a success and the capsule was correctly recovered via parachute landing, the booster stage
164:
63:
10497:
4362:
2763:
371:, which became the main success of the program, while putting the first multi-person crew into orbit during
10584:
10139:
10119:
10014:
8782:
8772:
8552:
7906:
5576:
5050:
4991:
4331:
2861:
2716:
Space Shuttle: The History of the National Space Transportation System: The First 100 Missions, 3rd edition
1820:
1459:
1109:
481:
202:. It featured the first manual pilot control of the spacecraft and the landing with pilot still within it.
10502:
9140:
7401:
4161:
1380:
and spacecraft systems with a goal of developing technologies required for permanent occupation of space.
411:
Gemini was originally seen as a simple extrapolation of the Mercury program, and thus early on was called
80:
Programs in this section are sorted by the years when the first successful crewed spaceflight took place.
10985:
10912:
10659:
10185:
10114:
10079:
9118:
9112:
8995:
8909:
8894:
8849:
8767:
8762:
8697:
8525:
8354:
8288:
8192:
7923:
7640:
7623:
7389:
6133:
5633:
2523:
2427:
2122:
1819:
and passenger-carrying spacecraft. In 2020 and 2021 it was tested without a booster stage as part of the
1416:
1388:
1333:
1094:
805:
A second, short-lived crewed program was based on the successful implementation of landing technology by
736:
597:
527:
145:
10099:
1316:
1219:, the first station in the program, became the world's first crewed space station. Salyut broke several
11030:
10975:
10574:
10375:
10258:
10241:
9139:
9081:
8899:
8797:
8719:
8567:
8464:
8344:
8319:
8105:
8057:
7975:
7928:
7173:
6247:
5369:
4772:
4293:
2990:"End Of Mission: SpaceX, NASA wrapping Crew Dragon's inaugural flight to Station – NASASpaceFlight.com"
2566:
2056:
1576:
1544:
was launched into the orbit. It was a space laboratory with more advanced functions and equipment than
1105:
893:
813:
739:), providing crew rotation for the International Space Station, and performing service missions to the
612:, the last one in 1972. These six Apollo spaceflights are the only times humans have landed on another
30:
3718:
2976:
we call it v2 for Dragon. That is the primary vehicle for crew, and we will retrofit it back to cargo.
2173:
1050:
10417:
10392:
10202:
8929:
8884:
8812:
8792:
8777:
8724:
8714:
8692:
8631:
8391:
8369:
8334:
8329:
8125:
7958:
6942:
6182:
6121:
5639:
5516:
5506:
4795:
2556:
2035:
1836:
1664:
prior to the decision to transition to a robotic platform. The vehicle would launch vertically on an
1657:
1607:
will enter the application and development phase, which is poised to last for no less than 10 years.
1113:
1035:
943:
798:
pilots were selected for this goal in March 1971. The Shuguang-1 spacecraft, to be launched with the
636:
293:
design. It currently holds the world record for the fastest speed ever reached by a crewed aircraft.
9136:
1985:
program to put an American astronaut in orbit. It was canceled when NASA was formed in August 1958.
735:
involved carrying large payloads to various low-Earth orbits (including segments to be added to the
10708:
10313:
8924:
8854:
8787:
8752:
8677:
8364:
8349:
8072:
7597:
7276:
6083:
5807:
4541:
3587:"Core Module Tianhe Launch a Complete Success -- Construction of China Space Station in Full Swing"
3100:"NASA, Boeing Prepare to Replace Starliner Service Modules Ahead of Upcoming Orbital Flight Test-2"
2494:
1900:
1899:. During the mission, an uncrewed Orion capsule spent 10 days in a 40,000 mi (64,000 km)
507:
464:
on the Moon. All experimental or unsuccessful starts received the status of satellites of a series
401:
364:
29:
For a chronological list of human spaceflights, including crews, dates and mission summaries, see
10934:
10865:
10397:
10224:
9871:
9775:
9688:
9388:
9238:
9129:
9120:
8939:
8859:
8844:
8747:
8644:
8621:
8436:
8374:
8150:
8130:
8047:
7885:
7578:
7240:
7192:
6643:
5682:
3937:
2960:
2519:
2472:
2064:
1998:
1982:
1921:
1909:, the first crewed mission of the program, is planned to launch four astronauts in May 2024 on a
1798:
1717:
1475:
1410:
1404:
1027:
990:
927:
883:
676:
258:
254:
194:
flight on 20 February 1962 was the first Mercury flight to achieve this goal. Prior to that, the
76:
List of government space agencies § List of space agencies with human spaceflight capability
4750:"NASA administrator on new Moon plan: 'We're doing this in a way that's never been done before'"
4185:"NASA's First Flight With Crew Important Step on Long-term Return to the Moon, Missions to Mars"
3615:
2959:(audio file). The Space Show. Event occurs at 24:05–24:45 and 28:15–28:35. 2212. Archived from
2887:"SpaceShipTwo disaster: Industry mourns pilot but vows to keep ... - BakersfieldCalifornian.com"
2378:
was a proposed European Space Agency orbital and reusable launch vehicle. The shuttle prototype
852:
388:
10402:
10340:
10288:
10278:
10263:
10214:
10074:
10004:
9426:
9114:
8944:
8919:
8874:
8757:
8649:
8626:
8252:
8177:
8032:
7288:
7216:
7005:
6631:
6218:
5786:
5496:
5003:
3077:
2330:
1910:
1727:
1580:
1129:
908:
740:
628:
10323:
9134:
9126:
9123:
4596:
4381:
11025:
11000:
10960:
10955:
10929:
10768:
10695:
10569:
10422:
10385:
10273:
10268:
9074:
9033:
8934:
8864:
8834:
8704:
8562:
7351:
7204:
7149:
7082:
6927:
6206:
6054:
5965:
5953:
5666:
5314:
5310:
4951:
4817:
3059:
2407:
2149:
1873:
1471:
1467:
1440:
890:
to the paying public. SpaceShipOne reached space with a pilot in three test flights in 2004.
699:(although eight have been carried) and up to 50,000 lb (23,000 kg) of payload into
692:
477:
266:
10437:
4292:
4229:
3531:
300:
criteria by exceeding the altitude of 50 miles (80 km), thus qualifying the pilots for
10970:
10807:
10330:
10283:
9940:
9398:
9363:
9358:
9252:
9203:
9176:
9132:
9111:
8869:
8639:
8545:
8469:
8339:
8182:
7824:
7792:
7520:
7460:
7375:
7228:
7178:
6838:
6762:
6584:
6338:
5776:
5733:
5595:
5501:
5306:
5301:
4873:
4537:
4204:"Space Launch System Departure Trajectory Analysis for Cislunar and Deep-Space Exploration"
3983:
3881:
3231:
2189:
1978:
1857:
1531:
1329:
647:
639:. These later programs are thus often considered to be part of the overall Apollo program.
566:
156:
47:
9115:
9113:
3643:
2756:"The Spaceport's new Soyuz launch site is ready for installation of its mission equipment"
8:
10892:
10782:
10671:
10509:
10482:
10432:
10236:
9700:
9393:
9245:
8682:
8314:
7918:
7300:
6974:
6819:
6781:
6565:
6520:
6448:
5801:
5615:
5552:
5475:
5337:
5253:
5245:
5119:
5088:
4956:
4913:
4903:
4888:
4868:
3947:
3586:
3564:
2442:
2375:
2249:
2161:
1892:
1869:
1824:
1809:
1723:
1647:
1220:
887:
817:
791:
767:
704:
547:
543:
535:
523:
229:
105:
9596:
9475:
4723:
4466:
4016:
3137:
2164:
was the first Chinese crewed space program with plans to launch two astronauts by 1973.
1891:
was the first mission of the Artemis Program and was the first integrated flight of the
10762:
10632:
10579:
10457:
10427:
10335:
10148:
9285:
9116:
8359:
7508:
7125:
6800:
6560:
5781:
5532:
5428:
5270:
5150:
4986:
4878:
4827:
4299:
4059:
2543:
2221:
2217:
2177:
2068:
1896:
1759:
1590:
1479:
1054:
1046:
806:
546:
in northwest Russia. Since 2009 Soyuz launch vehicles are also being launched from the
465:
341:
262:
233:
225:
195:
9569:
9532:
4115:
1260:/DOS-5 (1977–1981, 16 crews (5 long duration, 11 short duration) and 1 failed docking)
10622:
10192:
10134:
9925:
9814:
9740:
9681:
9410:
7943:
7901:
5676:
5423:
5359:
5079:
4976:
4343:
3297:
3287:
3258:
2719:
2702:
2683:
2660:
2650:
2551:
2364:
2326:
2270:
2031:
1952:
1755:
1640:
1266:/DOS-6 (1982–1986, 10 crews (6 long duration, 4 short duration) and 1 failed docking)
1180:
904:
897:
879:
708:
624:
577:
was undertaken by NASA during the years 1961–1975 with the goal of conducting crewed
336:) was a Soviet human spaceflight project. Voskhod development was a follow-on to the
297:
121:
101:
54:
9652:
3979:
10922:
10683:
10487:
10477:
10370:
10345:
9755:
9725:
9576:
9450:
9290:
9155:
8579:
8097:
6400:
5627:
5487:
4842:
3361:"NASA: International space station operation extended by Obama until at least 2024"
2814:
2238:
2113:
1932:
1877:
1816:
1743:
1082:
752:
519:
488:
473:
452:
440:
405:
321:
282:
7842:
4564:
4254:"NASA outlines plans for lunar lander development through commercial partnerships"
3691:"Gaganyaan manned mission not before 2023: Minister | India News - Times of India"
3386:
950:
could see routine space tourism, using a spacecraft based on Tier One technology.
562:
10897:
10855:
10554:
10452:
10360:
10251:
10229:
10026:
9970:
9960:
9750:
9730:
9705:
9693:
9647:
9635:
9539:
9522:
9482:
9460:
9455:
8709:
8037:
7551:
5144:
4893:
4837:
4519:
2742:
2515:
2438:
2345:
2091:. The project was canceled on 10 June 1969 before there were any crewed flights.
1970:
Programs in this section are sorted by the years when their development started.
1948:
1852:
1794:
1763:
1701:
1661:
1615:
Programs in this section are sorted by the years when their development started.
1501:
1436:
1424:
1392:
1022:
1002:
978:
958:
947:
863:
859:
728:
724:
700:
585:
317:
305:
191:
183:
160:
3660:
2797:
2776:
2631:
1623:
10907:
10902:
10538:
10318:
10308:
10246:
10109:
10036:
9997:
9918:
9891:
9745:
9615:
9586:
9564:
9554:
9544:
9497:
8042:
7339:
7001:
5871:
5275:
5127:
4898:
4764:
3739:
3478:
2928:"Update from Mojave: VSS Unity's First Flight Test Completed – Virgin Galactic"
2526:(ISS) from 2024. It would then add new modules to it. It was canceled in 2017.
2479:
2321:
2224:. The project was shelved in 1989, shortly before the Soviet Union's collapse.
2088:
2080:
2072:
2023:
931:
841:
763:
613:
589:
574:
515:
500:
396:
345:
337:
97:
4443:
4425:
4230:"NASA Has a Full Plate of Lunar Missions Before Astronauts Can Return to Moon"
1411:
International Space Station (USA, Russia, Japan, Europe, Canada, 1998–ongoing)
1152:, flying humans to space since 2021. It is a commercial system for suborbital
11019:
10995:
10980:
10838:
10637:
10617:
10197:
9930:
9913:
9734:
9657:
9620:
9591:
9581:
9549:
9527:
9507:
9470:
9443:
9438:
9433:
8280:
5654:
5096:
5029:
4920:
3503:
3301:
2664:
2511:
2431:
2423:
2349:
2258:
2233:
2137:
2076:
1917:
1597:
1444:
1420:
1365:
1343:
1290:
1204:
1157:
1153:
1086:
1058:
946:
was formed to manage commercial exploitation of the technology. A deal with
939:
821:
688:
651:
551:
436:
377:
360:
109:
5829:
4702:
2835:
2419:
1864:
The Artemis program is an ongoing crewed spaceflight program carried out by
1742:
Formerly called PPTS (Prospective Piloted Transport System) and Federation (
1061:, flew to the ISS in November 2020 for a six month stay. Dragon 2 has flown
844:, making China the third nation to launch a human into orbit independently.
518:. As well as being used in the Soyuz program as the launcher for the crewed
10715:
10701:
10492:
10447:
10104:
9987:
9881:
9821:
9804:
9630:
9608:
9559:
9517:
9502:
9487:
9353:
9312:
9277:
9097:
7680:
5835:
5791:
5570:
5492:
5008:
4996:
4930:
4925:
3915:
3867:
Starship to get people and tons of stuff to Mars. So he is focused on that.
3852:
3315:
3283:
2134:
1680:
1650:
1636:
1432:
1347:
1208:
1164:
1062:
954:
875:
871:
867:
707:
the Earth's atmosphere. During descent and landing, the orbiter acted as a
620:
578:
469:
457:
353:
281:. The X-15 set speed and altitude records in the early 1960s, reaching the
218:
199:
137:
129:
43:
5385:
3742:[The first launch of the "Orel" spaceship was postponed to 2024].
3037:"Astronauts fly with SpaceX in landmark launch for commercial spaceflight"
3012:"Station mission planning reveals new target Commercial Crew launch dates"
2649:. Springer-Praxis books in space exploration. New York; London: Springer.
670:
296:
During the X-15 program, 13 of the flights (by eight pilots) met the USAF
10756:
10750:
10533:
10521:
10516:
10467:
10442:
10412:
10407:
10355:
10350:
10175:
10089:
10048:
10009:
9886:
9717:
9640:
9603:
9492:
7873:
7830:
7804:
6910:
5841:
5585:
5433:
5380:
5375:
5326:
5281:
5258:
5206:
5194:
5178:
5156:
5133:
5102:
4847:
3744:
2759:
2453:
2341:
2309:
1782:
1778:
1762:
capsule and had a set of soft-landing type legs similar to the plans for
1550:
1377:
1171:
1141:
1125:
1042:
643:
593:
141:
3769:"Vulcan Centaur on schedule for first launch in 2022 as New Glenn slips"
2414:'s intended successor to the Space Shuttle, is a program to develop new
1830:
1073:
530:
and commercial launches marketed and operated by TsSKB-Progress and the
10775:
10722:
10462:
10041:
9625:
8599:
5453:
2475:
2465:
2415:
2379:
2353:
2141:
2099:
In accordance with the quinquennial plan of the Soviet air forces, the
2002:
1674:
1653:
1643:
1564:
1540:
1525:
1515:
1510:
1431:
from Earth. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses,
1357:
1353:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1031:
923:
919:
901:
837:
832:
826:
787:
783:
775:
619:
Apollo was the third human spaceflight program undertaken by NASA, the
539:
416:
290:
187:
125:
5042:
4399:
3848:"Inside Elon Musk's plan to build one Starship a week—and settle Mars"
2682:(Second ed.). New York: Dorling Kindersley Limited. p. 82.
10736:
10729:
10158:
10124:
9955:
9876:
9799:
9794:
9765:
9512:
9465:
9334:
9317:
7484:
7472:
7436:
7137:
6702:
6328:
6316:
5715:
5688:
5660:
5458:
5345:
5217:
5211:
5200:
5162:
4966:
4671:
4367:
4234:
3773:
2461:
2437:
The Constellation program was canceled in 2010 and replaced with the
2254:
2083:
purposes. The space station used a spacecraft that was derived from
2009:
1994:
1927:
1906:
1888:
1876:, with the goal of landing "the first woman and the next man" on the
1774:
1695:
1428:
1395:
spending 437 days and 18 hours on the station between 1994 and 1995.
1391:. It holds the record for the longest single human spaceflight, with
1373:
1302:
1160:
974:
970:
779:
744:
696:
659:
605:
601:
496:
461:
372:
368:
301:
133:
9760:
3673:
Gaganyaan mission to take Indian astronaut to space by 2022: PM Modi
2041:
468:, and flights of the Lunar orbital ships around the Moon – the name
237:
modified twice; for example, spacecraft 15 became 15A and then 15B.
140:. The Vostok 1 mission was the first time anyone had journeyed into
88:
10789:
10627:
10094:
9950:
9935:
9676:
9383:
9231:
8067:
5745:
5727:
5721:
5694:
5537:
5412:
5406:
5350:
5286:
4495:
4332:"Inflatable Habitats: From the Space Station to the Moon and Mars?"
4294:"For Artemis Mission to Moon, NASA Seeks to Add Billions to Budget"
3557:"China launches new Long March-5B rocket for space station program"
3060:"Boeing Submits Proposal for NASA Commercial Crew Transport System"
2490:
2356:
that could launch satellites into orbit at a fraction of the cost.
2194:
2094:
1435:
and other components. ISS components have been launched by Russian
1350:
1294:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1216:
758:
655:
492:
427:
286:
270:
224:
NASA ordered 20 production spacecraft, numbered 1 through 20, from
175:
152:
3816:
847:
10031:
10019:
9945:
9344:
9322:
9197:
9182:
8594:
6967:
6596:
5739:
5703:
5621:
5565:
5527:
5443:
5320:
5291:
4623:"NASA budget for 2011 eliminates funds for crewed lunar missions"
4139:"Orion Will Go the Distance in Retrograde Orbit During Artemis I"
3995:
3964:
3796:"Jeff Bezos plans to boost humans into space from Cape Canaveral"
3316:"Human Spaceflight and Exploration—European Participating States"
1665:
1369:
1361:
961:'s second generation suborbital vehicle. On 10 October 2010, VSS
681:
531:
480:
are part of this program, which is now the responsibility of the
245:
151:
There were six Vostok flights in total, including the June, 1963
4648:"MSDC president: Lynx will launch from Midland this fiscal year"
3099:
2680:
Spaceflight : the complete story, from Sputnik to Curiosity
1913:
flyby of the Moon at a distance of 4,000 miles (6,400 km).
1815:
The second stage of the Starship is designed as a long-duration
1275:
1191:(Dates refer to periods when stations were inhabited by crews.)
400:
humans on the Moon. Gemini missions included the first American
209:, and the program was officially conducted by the newly created
10917:
10472:
9669:
9664:
9378:
9373:
9339:
9327:
9272:
9224:
9217:
9192:
9187:
9066:
8052:
5796:
5709:
5648:
5483:
5438:
5400:
5390:
5168:
2956:
Broadcast 2212: Special Edition, interview with Gwynne Shotwell
2910:"SpaceShipTwo 'Feather' Tail System Deployed Prematurely: NTSB"
2390:
2348:
and funded by the U.S. government. The goal was to replace the
2344:
was a single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch system proposed by
2281:
1805:
1282:
1200:
1090:
1057:
launched on 30 May 2020. The first operational crewed mission,
998:
994:
712:
632:
415:. The actual program had little in common with Mercury and was
4330:
Spaceflight, Mike Wall 2015-08-18T12:11:30Z (18 August 2015).
3454:"Russia May Be Planning National Space Station to Replace ISS"
3123:"Will Jeff Bezos Speed Past Virgin Galactic to Tourist Space?"
2426:
in space. It is primarily intended to facilitate missions for
2050:
1935:
region, with two astronauts staying there for about one week.
1693:(ISRO) plans to develop and launch a crewed spacecraft, named
984:
9789:
9368:
9300:
9295:
9210:
9165:
9160:
7697:
7583:
5672:
5108:
4318:
its south pole, where frozen water exists within the craters.
2205:
2145:
2117:
1839:
is a proposal by the Iranian Aerospace Research Institute of
1212:
799:
795:
748:
720:
128:
spacecraft was launched on April 12, 1961, taking into space
10877:
10837:
8870:
R-7 (including Semyorka, Molniya, Vostok, Voskhod and Soyuz)
2510:(abbreviated OPSEK) was a proposed third-generation modular
2034:
as ferry vehicles. MODS was effectively superseded when the
1572:
and completed multiple in-orbit propellant refueling tests.
1454:
is a joint project among five participating space agencies:
522:, Soyuz launch vehicles are now also used to launch robotic
422:
9421:
9305:
9170:
7161:
6903:
6429:
6066:
5395:
5355:
4363:
In Race for Private Space Stations, It's U.S. Versus Russia
3184:"Blue Origin's New Shepard Vehicle Makes First Test Flight"
2468:
2411:
2329:' Tier One project. The other companies stopped work or as
2286:
2084:
2027:
1882:
1865:
1781:. The company expects a first flight no earlier 2023. Like
1669:
1455:
1286:
1175:
1133:
1001:
to build crewed spacecraft for low Earth orbit operations.
934:
for the first non-governmental reusable crewed spacecraft.
870:, which is developing a privately funded spacecraft called
609:
274:
210:
113:
4042:"Iran Unveils Mock-Up of Manned Spacecraft - Science news"
4010:"A review to the next generation crewed spaceship of Iran"
3428:"Russia — and Its Modules — To Part Ways with ISS in 2024"
2128:
1631:, Edwards Air Force Base for tow tests on taxi and runways
1610:
1596:, was launched into orbit by China's most powerful rocket
1112:
was launched in May 2022, followed by final certification
512:
Progress State Research and Production Rocket Space Center
66:. This article follows the FAI definition of spaceflight.
9150:
8141:
5768:
4614:
3911:"Elon Musk, Man of Steel, reveals his stainless Starship"
2396:
2167:
1965:
1916:
After Artemis 2, the Power and Propulsion Element of the
1726:
was the first rocket and spacecraft combination built by
1639:
was originally intended to serve as an American reusable
1496:
1324:
278:
4699:"Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex, OPSEK"
4667:"XCOR lays off employees to focus on engine development"
3255:
The International Space Station: Building for the Future
3230:. Spaceflight.nasa.gov. 30 November 2011. Archived from
1973:
1681:
Indian Human Spaceflight Programme (India, 2007–ongoing)
1017:
Dragon 2 on its first crewed flight, approaching the ISS
695:
was launched vertically, usually carrying five to seven
658:
launchpad fire. The second was an in-space explosion on
46:
in 2004, a new category of human spaceflight programs –
4556:
3387:"Space station partners set 2028 as certification goal"
3058:
Memi, Edmund G.; Morgan, Adam K. (September 23, 2009).
2862:"Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo Aces Glide Test Flight"
1523:
completed the first manual rendezvous and docking with
240:
92:
Model of Vostok spacecraft with third stage of launcher
3114:
2930:. virgingalactic.com. 9 September 2016. Archived from
1938:
1846:
1254:/Almaz/OPS-3 (1976–1977, 2 crews and 1 failed docking)
3659:
Completion of the initial DC4EU study (2015-03-02). "
2777:
30th Anniversary of Apollo 11, Manned Apollo Missions
1831:
Iranian crewed spaceship project (Iran, 2015–ongoing)
1766:
at that time. An uncrewed flight is planned in 2024.
1097:, and to private space stations such as the proposed
922:, and the project is funded 20 million US Dollars by
3949:
Human Landing System: Putting Boots Back on the Moon
2901:
2647:
Freedom 7: The Historic Flight of Alan B. Shepard Jr
2533:
2518:. OPSEK would initially consist of modules from the
2315:
1194:
1186:
1156:. The name New Shepard makes reference to the first
311:
7872:
4202:Heaton, Andrew; Sood, Dr. Rohan (August 10, 2020).
1618:
1215:stations, which flew under the Salyut designation.
1065:, the first purely private mission to Earth orbit.
778:between the two superpowers, which culminated with
205:Early planning and research was carried out by the
170:
83:
4162:"NASA delays human lunar landing to at least 2025"
3740:"Первый пуск корабля "Орел" перенесли на 2024 год"
3280:Reference Guide to the International Space Station
2478:under development by the California-based company
2010:Manned Orbital Development System (USA, 1962–1963)
1777:is an orbital launch vehicle under development by
1119:
840:in orbit for 21 hours and returned safely back to
557:
383:
217:mechanical levers. The spacecraft was designed by
4227:
3930:
3252:
2227:
2042:Soviet Orbital Station 1 (Soviet Union 1962–1965)
1053:was successfully conducted on 19 January 2020. A
747:and other payloads from orbit and return them to
665:
11017:
5901:
4794:
3873:
3644:Dream Chaser mini-shuttle given 2016 launch date
3153:"First Developmental Test Flight of New Shepard"
2107:
2095:Spiral program (Soviet Union, 1965 – late 1970s)
1769:
1707:
1242:/Almaz/OPS-2 (1974, 1 crew and 1 failed docking)
1236:/Almaz/OPS-1 (1973, failed shortly after launch)
1068:
836:, China's first crewed spaceflight mission, put
759:China Manned Space Program (China, 1992–ongoing)
604:mission. Five other Apollo missions also landed
9110:
3340:. European Space Agency (ESA). 19 November 2013
2920:
2718:. Stillwater, Minnesota: Voyageur Press, 2001.
2508:Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex
2336:
2022:(SSD). It was to begin working on plans to use
1788:
1529:, which carried China's first female astronaut
1308:
1008:
848:SpaceShipOne / SpaceShipTwo (USA, 2004–ongoing)
631:launch vehicles, which were later used for the
198:mission brought the first American into space,
8610:Timeline of first Earth observation satellites
3904:
3902:
3688:
3445:
3277:
3129:
2155:
1737:
1108:in December 2019 but failed to reach the ISS.
1041:To develop Dragon 2, SpaceX did a "pad abort"
10823:
9271:
9082:
7858:
7819:Timeline of first orbital launches by country
5887:
5058:
4780:
4582:
3661:http://www.sncorp.com/AboutUs/NewsDetails/749
3338:"International Space Station legal framework"
3135:
3066:
2853:
2448:
2385:
2276:
1988:
1959:Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station
9046:Timeline of first images of Earth from space
4100:
3732:
3210:"ISS Passing Old Russian Mir In Crewed Time"
2946:
2501:
2333:switched to other, more immediate purposes.
2303:
2211:
304:status; some pilots also qualified for NASA
163:, which was intended to achieve more Soviet
4458:
4442:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
4356:
4348:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4329:
4153:
4082:"Iran displays manned spacecraft prototype"
4060:"Iran Unveils Mock-Up of Manned Spacecraft"
3971:
3899:
3839:
3760:
3666:
3637:
3526:
3524:
3409:"Canada's space station commitment renewed"
3120:
2264:
2051:Manned Orbiting Laboratory (USA, 1963–1969)
1903:around the Moon before returning to Earth.
1116:to get Starliner operational in June 2024.
985:Commercial Crew Program (USA, 2011–ongoing)
207:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
144:and the first time anyone had entered into
10876:
10830:
10816:
9089:
9075:
7865:
7851:
5894:
5880:
5065:
5051:
4787:
4773:
4658:
4201:
3809:
3610:
3608:
3579:
3425:
3419:
3308:
3175:
3144:
3057:
3003:
2782:
2703:"Aerospaceweb.org | Aircraft Museum X-15".
2244:
2183:
1720:, in a space capsule on the Spica rocket.
1270:
1230:/DOS-1 (1971, 1 crew and 1 failed docking)
1099:Bigelow Aerospace Commercial Space Station
4620:
4432:
4182:
3426:de Selding, Peter B. (25 February 2015).
3358:
3201:
423:Soyuz program (USSR/Russia, 1967–ongoing)
285:and returning with valuable data used in
10602:Interstellar and circumstellar molecules
4532:Santini, Jean-Louis (January 31, 2010).
3945:
3521:
3138:"Jeff Bezos conducts New Shepard flight"
3009:
2452:
2291:
2200:
1856:
1656:being developed and privately funded by
1622:
1500:
1315:
1274:
1072:
1012:
928:first privately funded human spaceflight
762:
669:
561:
426:
244:
174:
87:
10798:) may be read as "within" or "part of".
9826:Planetary orbit-crossing minor planets
5072:
4590:"Terminations, Reductions, and Savings"
4531:
3605:
3330:
3246:
3207:
2677:
2644:
2129:Buran program (Soviet Union, 1976–1993)
1611:Space programs currently in development
1579:is to build China's own space station,
1055:crewed demonstration mission to the ISS
14:
11018:
4136:
3908:
3879:
3845:
3827:from the original on 30 September 2019
3715:"Tycho Brahe - Copenhagen Suborbitals"
3451:
2736:"NASA astronaut wings award ceremony".
2708:
2696:
2469:horizontal-takeoff, horizontal-landing
2397:Project Constellation (USA, 2004–2010)
2168:Piloted FSW program (China, 1978–1980)
1966:Programs canceled before crewed launch
1627:Dream Chaser flight vehicle at NASA's
1497:Tiangong program (China, 2010–ongoing)
506:The launch vehicles used in the Soyuz
404:, and new orbital maneuvers including
69:
59:Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
10811:
9070:
7846:
5875:
5856:List of proposed missions to the Moon
5046:
4768:
4747:
4664:
4522:. Orlando Sentinel, January 27, 2010.
4290:
4278:
4266:
4159:
3882:"SpaceX BFR has a new name: Starship"
3766:
3384:
3271:
3181:
3150:
2907:
2748:
2562:List of private spaceflight companies
2370:
2359:
2071:program, a successor to the canceled
1974:Man In Space Soonest (USA, 1957–1958)
1872:, and international partners such as
1734:producing 100 kilonewtons of thrust.
451:
8427:Spaceflight-related human fatalities
5861:List of proposed space observatories
5224:Chinese Crewed Lunar Landing Mission
4621:Achenbach, Joel (February 1, 2010).
4562:
4284:
4221:
3977:
3880:Lawler, Richard (20 November 2018).
3452:Bodner, Matthew (17 November 2014).
2859:
2811:"Encyclopedia Astronautica Index: 1"
2325:corporate-backed operations. Won by
2026:hardware as the first step in a new
417:superior to even Apollo in some ways
241:North American X-15 (USA, 1954–1968)
4716:
4565:"Obama cancels Moon return project"
4563:Amos, Jonathan (February 1, 2010).
4467:"Russia mulls rocket power 'first'"
4464:
4400:"Краткая история создания "Бурана""
3318:. European Space Agency (ESA). 2009
3076:. Bigelow Aerospace. Archived from
3039:. Spaceflight Now. 16 November 2020
2745:NASA Press Release, 23 August 2005.
2729:
2705:Aerospaceweb.org, 24 November 2008.
2148:as a response to the United States
1939:Commercial space stations (planned)
1847:Artemis program (USA, 2017–ongoing)
973:, made first flight tests in 2016.
24:
9106:
8979:Communications satellite companies
4724:"Russia 'to save its ISS modules'"
4371:, 2010-11-12, accessed 2010-11-13.
4228:Hanneke Weitering (May 23, 2019).
4084:. 18 February 2015. Archived from
3909:Berger, Eric (29 September 2019).
3359:Achenbach, Joel (8 January 2014).
3253:John E. Catchpole (17 June 2008).
3208:Jackman, Frank (29 October 2010).
1691:Indian Space Research Organisation
1687:Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
1134:vertical-takeoff, vertical-landing
1047:uncrewed orbital flight to the ISS
930:and won the 10 million US Dollars
851:
387:
53:The criteria for what constitutes
25:
18:List of human spaceflight programs
11047:
9024:First orbital launches by country
5522:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
4183:Hambleton, Kathryn (2018-08-27).
2762:. October 3, 2008. Archived from
2316:Ansari X Prize (World, 1996–2004)
2016:Manned Orbital Development System
1299:Apollo command and service module
1195:Salyut stations (USSR, 1971–1986)
1187:Successful space station programs
953:The model finally developed into
743:. The orbiter could also recover
711:and made a completely unpowered
460:program intended to put a Soviet
312:Voskhod program (USSR, 1964–1965)
179:Mercury capsule with escape tower
10689:
10677:
10665:
9096:
9051:Timeline of longest spaceflights
7798:
7786:
7774:
7762:
7750:
7738:
7715:
7703:
7691:
7591:
7572:
7545:
7533:
7514:
7502:
7478:
7466:
7454:
7442:
7430:
7407:
7395:
7383:
7369:
7357:
7345:
7333:
7294:
7282:
7270:
7258:
7246:
7234:
7222:
7210:
7198:
7186:
7167:
7155:
7143:
7131:
7119:
7107:
7088:
7076:
7064:
7052:
7040:
7026:
7014:
6921:
6851:
6832:
6813:
6794:
6775:
6756:
6744:
6732:
6720:
6708:
6696:
6673:
6661:
6649:
6637:
6625:
6613:
6590:
6578:
6549:
6537:
6514:
6502:
6478:
6466:
6454:
6442:
6423:
6369:
6346:
6322:
6310:
6253:
6241:
6212:
6200:
6188:
6176:
6164:
6139:
6127:
6115:
6103:
6091:
6072:
6060:
6048:
6014:
6002:
5990:
5978:
5959:
5947:
4534:"Obama trims US space ambitions"
4307:from the original on 25 May 2019
4160:Foust, Jeff (November 9, 2021).
4137:Rochon, Laura (April 18, 2022).
3978:Musk, Elon (19 November 2018).
3385:Clark, Stephen (11 March 2010).
3010:Gebhardt, Chris (20 June 2019).
2536:
2296:The Russian Aerospace Aircraft (
2038:was announced in December 1963.
1945:Bigelow Commercial Space Station
1870:commercial spaceflight companies
1619:Dream Chaser (USA, 2004–ongoing)
171:Project Mercury (USA, 1959–1963)
84:Vostok program (USSR, 1956–1964)
10565:Gravitationally rounded objects
9056:Timeline of private spaceflight
8730:Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
8590:Communications satellite firsts
4741:
4691:
4640:
4525:
4513:"Obama aims to ax moon mission"
4506:
4488:
4410:
4392:
4374:
4323:
4246:
4195:
4176:
4130:
4074:
4052:
4034:
4015:. February 2015. Archived from
4002:
3946:Cummings, Nick (11 June 2020).
3788:
3707:
3689:Surendra Singh (Feb 17, 2021).
3682:
3653:
3626:from the original on 2021-07-13
3549:
3496:
3471:
3401:
3378:
3352:
3220:
3136:Jonathan Amos (30 April 2015).
3092:
3051:
3029:
2982:
2908:Boyle, Alan (2 November 2014).
2879:
2828:
2018:was a project by the Air Force
1802:super heavy-lift launch vehicle
1489:As of May 2022 there have been
1120:New Shepard (USA, 2006–ongoing)
558:Apollo Program (USA, 1961–1975)
384:Project Gemini (USA, 1965–1966)
4291:Chang, Kenneth (25 May 2019).
3954:American Astronautical Society
3748:(in Russian). 26 February 2022
3074:"Orbital Complex Construction"
2953:Gwynne Shotwell (2014-03-21).
2770:
2671:
2638:
2616:
2403:List of Constellation missions
2228:Rockwell X-30 (USA, 1986–1993)
1708:SPICA (Denmark, 2008–ongoing)
1575:The goal of the next phase of
1505:Chinese Tiangong Space Station
1203:program was the world's first
666:Space Shuttle (USA, 1972–2011)
635:and the joint American-Soviet
623:of the United States. It used
13:
1:
10966:HL-20 Personnel Launch System
8991:Private spaceflight companies
7934:Rocket and missile technology
4748:Grush, Loren (May 17, 2019).
3846:Berger, Eric (5 March 2020).
3767:Foust, Jeff (23 March 2022).
2860:Wall, Mike (8 October 2014).
2790:"Chinese Crewed Capsule 1978"
2609:
2108:TKS (Soviet Union, 1970–1991)
1841:Iranian Space Research Center
1808:since 2012, as a self-funded
1770:New Glenn (USA, 2012–ongoing)
1629:Dryden Flight Research Center
1554:was launched and docked with
1480:United States Orbital Segment
1285:was launched and operated by
1069:Starliner (USA, 2010–ongoing)
221:and NASA's Space Task Group.
64:United States Astronaut Badge
8605:Earth observation satellites
8460:Cumulative spacewalk records
5903:Public-sector space agencies
4382:"SPIRAL project Description"
3563:. 5 May 2020. Archived from
2337:Venturestar (USA, 1996–2001)
2001:program to develop a crewed
1789:Starship (USA, 2012-ongoing)
1509:In 2011, China launched the
1443:rockets as well as American
1009:Dragon 2 (USA, 2010–ongoing)
918:. The craft are designed by
782:landing humans on the Moon,
482:Russian Federal Space Agency
48:commercial human spaceflight
7:
10861:International Space Station
10660:Outline of the Solar System
10423:Interplanetary medium/space
9029:First satellites by country
4465:Zak, Anatoly (2009-04-29).
3532:"Space Laboratory Missions"
2891:The Bakersfield Californian
2529:
2524:International Space Station
2428:International Space Station
2156:Shuguang (China, 1968–1972)
2123:International Space Station
1738:Orel (Russia, 2009–ongoing)
1417:International Space Station
1334:International Space Station
1332:in orbit, succeeded by the
1248:/DOS-4 (1975–1976, 2 crews)
1114:crewed demonstration flight
1095:International Space Station
1049:occurred in March 2019, an
737:International Space Station
528:International Space Station
431:Soyuz rocket on launch pad.
10:
11052:
10976:Manned Orbiting Laboratory
10842:human spaceflight programs
10376:Extraterrestrial materials
8720:Medium-lift launch vehicle
8521:Objects at Lagrange points
5700:ISS Deorbit Vehicle (2030)
4909:Command and service module
4665:Foust, Jeff (2016-05-31).
3622:(in Chinese). 2021-04-29.
3228:"NASA Sightings Help Page"
3182:Foust, Jeff (2015-04-30).
3151:Bezos, Jeff (2015-04-27).
3121:Doug Mohney (7 May 2015).
2567:List of human spaceflights
2449:XCOR Lynx (USA, 2008–2016)
2400:
2386:Kliper (Russia, 2004–2007)
2277:HOPE-X (Japan, 1980s–2003)
2057:Manned Orbiting Laboratory
1989:Dyna-Soar (USA, 1957–1963)
1850:
1577:China Manned Space Program
1346:. The station served as a
1207:program undertaken by the
814:China Manned Space Program
600:orbiting above during the
524:Progress supply spacecraft
392:Gemini spacecraft on orbit
226:McDonnell Aircraft Company
73:
39:Human spaceflight programs
31:List of human spaceflights
28:
10948:
10885:
10874:
10848:
10696:Earth sciences portal
10655:
10610:
10547:
10418:Interplanetary dust cloud
10297:
10133:
10063:
9774:
9716:
9409:
9262:
9104:
9014:
8969:
8953:
8738:
8725:Heavy-lift launch vehicle
8715:Small-lift launch vehicle
8658:
8578:
8504:Landings on other planets
8482:
8435:
8307:
8279:
8251:
8191:
8139:
8096:
7951:
7942:
7894:
7881:
7813:
7730:
7606:
7564:
7422:
7000:
6882:
6875:
6688:
6605:
6529:
6361:
6302:
6286:
6279:
6154:
6040:
6033:
5939:
5916:
5909:
5851:
5820:
5767:
5594:
5551:
5474:
5336:
5244:
5237:
5187:
5118:
5087:
5078:
5019:
4941:
4858:
4807:
4652:Midland Reporter-Telegram
2794:Encyclopedia Astronautica
2557:List of crewed spacecraft
2502:OPSEK (Russia, 2009–2017)
2352:by developing a reusable
2304:Kankoh-maru (Japan, 1995)
2212:Zarya (Russia, 1986–1989)
2144:project begun in 1976 at
2036:Manned Orbital Laboratory
1837:Iranian crewed spacecraft
1747:
1658:Sierra Nevada Corporation
1558:. Two astronauts entered
1356:in which crews conducted
1093:to transport crew to the
944:Mojave Aerospace Ventures
680:launches at the start of
637:Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
444:
325:
273:, that were made for the
117:reconnaissance programs.
10709:Local Interstellar Cloud
9427:other near-Earth objects
9006:Spacecraft manufacturers
8541:leaving the Solar System
5808:Uranus Orbiter and Probe
3062:(Press release). Boeing.
2495:Axe Apollo Space Academy
2265:MAKS (Russia, 1988–1991)
1922:launch service providers
1901:distant retrograde orbit
1312:(USSR/Russia, 1986–2001)
1148:founder and businessman
1045:in May 2015. A one-week
884:sub-orbital spaceflights
510:are manufactured at the
508:expendable launch system
501:Sergei Pavlovich Korolev
108:project and adapted the
10672:Solar System portal
10398:Giant-impact hypothesis
10005:Trans-Neptunian objects
8420:timeline by nationality
7886:Timeline of spaceflight
3278:Gary Kitmacher (2006).
3102:. NASA. 18 January 2022
2678:Sparrow, Giles (2019).
2645:Burgess, Colin (2014).
2520:Russian Orbital Segment
2245:Hermes (ESA, 1987–1993)
2184:Saenger (Germany, 1985)
2065:United States Air Force
1999:United States Air Force
1997:(Dynamic Soarer) was a
1983:United States Air Force
1718:sub-orbital spaceflight
1476:Russian Orbital Segment
1301:(CSM) atop the smaller
1271:Skylab (USA, 1973–1974)
1110:Another uncrewed flight
991:Commercial Crew Program
926:. In 2004 it made the
402:extravehicular activity
259:rocket-powered aircraft
120:Vostok 1 was the first
10560:Possible dwarf planets
10403:Gravitational collapse
10341:Circumstellar envelope
9146:
9039:Constellation missions
8666:Orbital launch systems
8558:Timeline of satellites
8499:Interplanetary voyages
4726:. BBC News. 2009-05-22
3798:. CBS News. 2015-09-15
2457:
2331:ARCA Space Corporation
1861:
1728:Copenhagen Suborbitals
1713:Copenhagen Suborbitals
1704:no earlier than 2025.
1632:
1585:. The first module of
1513:target spacecraft and
1506:
1491:66 long duration crews
1405:28 long duration crews
1320:
1279:
1130:reusable launch system
1089:under construction by
1078:
1018:
878:, in conjunction with
856:
771:
741:Hubble Space Telescope
684:
570:
432:
406:rendezvous and docking
393:
250:
180:
93:
11036:Spaceflight timelines
10769:Laniakea Supercluster
10386:Sample-return mission
9145:
8954:Launches by spaceport
8563:Sample-return mission
8077:Civilian spaceflight
5667:Venus Orbiter Mission
4386:www.buran-energia.com
3616:"空间站天和核心舱飞行任务新闻发布会召开"
2456:
2408:Project Constellation
2292:RAKS (Russia, 1993–?)
2201:HOTOL (UK, 1986–1988)
2150:Space Shuttle program
2020:Space System Division
1860:
1804:under development by
1626:
1504:
1319:
1278:
1144:, a company owned by
1140:crewed spacecraft by
1076:
1016:
979:its first spaceflight
855:
794:spacecraft. Nineteen
766:
693:Space Shuttle orbiter
673:
569:used on Apollos 15–17
565:
430:
391:
367:("spacewalk") during
269:, initiated with the
267:experimental aircraft
248:
178:
91:
10971:Man in Space Soonest
10684:Astronomy portal
10585:Solar System objects
10331:Circumplanetary disk
8678:Sounding rocket list
8617:Geosynchronous orbit
8553:Missions to the Moon
8325:by year of selection
7825:Soviet space program
4108:"NASA: Moon to Mars"
4022:on 23 September 2015
2934:on 12 September 2016
1979:Man In Space Soonest
1330:artificial satellite
1106:uncrewed test flight
1051:in-flight abort test
888:orbital spaceflights
862:is a company within
567:Lunar Roving Vehicle
514:(TsSKB-Progress) in
157:Valentina Tereshkova
10986:Orbital Space Plane
10913:Apollo Applications
10783:Observable universe
10580:Solar System models
10510:Protoplanetary disk
10433:Interstellar medium
10393:Frost/Ice/Snow line
9015:Other mission lists
8996:Rocket launch sites
8970:Agencies, companies
8266:Crewed Spaceflights
7924:Spaceflight records
7876:lists and timelines
6975:Guiana Space Centre
5073:Future spaceflights
4914:Apollo Lunar Module
4654:. 8 September 2015.
4544:on February 4, 2010
4422:www.astronautix.com
4088:on 21 February 2015
3650:. (24 January 2014)
3415:. 29 February 2012.
3257:. Springer-Praxis.
2714:Jenkins, Dennis R.
2628:www.astronautix.com
2443:Space Launch System
2174:Piloted FSW program
1893:Space Launch System
1825:atmospheric reentry
1821:development program
1810:private spaceflight
1724:HEAT 1X Tycho Brahe
1538:In September 2016,
1221:spaceflight records
1036:Launch Abort System
909:reusable spacecraft
864:Sir Richard Branson
818:Shenzhou spacecraft
768:Shenzhou spacecraft
581:missions. In 1961,
548:Guiana Space Centre
544:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
536:Baikonur Cosmodrome
283:edge of outer space
230:St. Louis, Missouri
106:Zenit spy satellite
70:Successful programs
10763:Virgo Supercluster
10744:Milky Way subgroup
10575:Natural satellites
10458:Nebular hypothesis
10438:Interstellar space
10428:Interstellar cloud
10336:Circumstellar disc
9926:Near-Earth objects
9810:names and meanings
9147:
8915:Thor DM-21 Agena-B
8905:Thor DM-18 Agena-A
8818:Falcon 9 and Heavy
8514:artificial objects
8465:Longest spacewalks
8028:Vostok and Voskhod
5151:Boeing Starliner-1
4518:2010-01-29 at the
4428:on August 1, 2016.
4300:The New York Times
4062:. 17 February 2015
4046:Tasnim News Agency
3695:The Times of India
3620:China Manned Space
3591:China Manned Space
3561:China Manned Space
3536:China Manned Space
3508:China Manned Space
3483:China Manned Space
3365:washingtonpost.com
3286:. pp. 71–80.
2840:China Manned Space
2766:on April 15, 2009.
2741:2018-04-13 at the
2544:Spaceflight portal
2458:
2371:Hopper (ESA, 2000)
2360:Fuji (Japan, 2001)
2222:Soyuz (spacecraft)
2069:crewed spaceflight
2063:) was part of the
1897:Orion (spacecraft)
1862:
1633:
1507:
1321:
1280:
1104:Starliner made an
1079:
1019:
857:
772:
685:
571:
433:
394:
342:Voskhod spacecraft
251:
196:Mercury-Redstone 3
181:
94:
11031:Human spaceflight
11011:
11010:
10805:
10804:
10650:
10649:
10646:
10645:
10623:Lagrangian points
10595:by discovery date
10193:Human spaceflight
10164:historical models
10057:
10056:
9682:S/2015 (136472) 1
9064:
9063:
8478:
8477:
7959:Crewed spacecraft
7944:Human spaceflight
7902:Space exploration
7840:
7839:
7560:
7559:
6871:
6870:
6275:
6274:
6157:and the Caribbean
6029:
6028:
5869:
5868:
5816:
5815:
5677:Comet Interceptor
5641:Rosalind Franklin
5360:Lunar Trailblazer
5233:
5232:
5040:
5039:
4796:Crewed spacecraft
4209:. NASA. p. 7
3679:. 15 August 2018.
3389:. Spaceflight Now
3293:978-1-894959-34-6
3264:978-0-387-78144-0
2656:978-3-319-01155-4
2552:Human spaceflight
2327:Scaled Composites
2032:Gemini spacecraft
1953:CST-100 Starliner
1670:land horizontally
1548:. A month later,
1077:Starliner mock up
914:and its launcher
905:human spaceflight
898:Scaled Composites
880:Scaled Composites
625:Apollo spacecraft
155:mission flown by
122:human spaceflight
112:from an existing
102:Vostok spacecraft
55:human spaceflight
16:(Redirected from
11043:
10880:
10832:
10825:
10818:
10809:
10808:
10799:
10797:
10788:
10781:
10774:
10767:
10761:
10755:
10749:
10742:
10735:
10728:
10721:
10714:
10707:
10694:
10693:
10692:
10682:
10681:
10680:
10670:
10669:
10668:
10371:Exozodiacal dust
10061:
10060:
10027:Detached objects
9269:
9268:
9265:
9264:
9109:
9091:
9084:
9077:
9068:
9067:
8396:Space travelers
8392:Space scientists
8380:African American
7949:
7948:
7867:
7860:
7853:
7844:
7843:
7823:Preceded by the
7803:
7802:
7801:
7791:
7790:
7789:
7779:
7778:
7777:
7767:
7766:
7765:
7755:
7754:
7753:
7743:
7742:
7741:
7720:
7719:
7718:
7708:
7707:
7706:
7696:
7695:
7694:
7596:
7595:
7594:
7577:
7576:
7575:
7550:
7549:
7548:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7519:
7518:
7517:
7507:
7506:
7505:
7483:
7482:
7481:
7471:
7470:
7469:
7459:
7458:
7457:
7447:
7446:
7445:
7435:
7434:
7433:
7412:
7411:
7410:
7400:
7399:
7398:
7388:
7387:
7386:
7374:
7373:
7372:
7362:
7361:
7360:
7350:
7349:
7348:
7338:
7337:
7336:
7299:
7298:
7297:
7287:
7286:
7285:
7275:
7274:
7273:
7263:
7262:
7261:
7251:
7250:
7249:
7239:
7238:
7237:
7227:
7226:
7225:
7215:
7214:
7213:
7203:
7202:
7201:
7191:
7190:
7189:
7172:
7171:
7170:
7160:
7159:
7158:
7148:
7147:
7146:
7136:
7135:
7134:
7124:
7123:
7122:
7112:
7111:
7110:
7093:
7092:
7091:
7081:
7080:
7079:
7069:
7068:
7067:
7057:
7056:
7055:
7045:
7044:
7043:
7031:
7030:
7029:
7019:
7018:
7017:
6926:
6925:
6924:
6880:
6879:
6856:
6855:
6854:
6837:
6836:
6835:
6818:
6817:
6816:
6799:
6798:
6797:
6780:
6779:
6778:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6749:
6748:
6747:
6737:
6736:
6735:
6725:
6724:
6723:
6713:
6712:
6711:
6701:
6700:
6699:
6678:
6677:
6676:
6666:
6665:
6664:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6642:
6641:
6640:
6630:
6629:
6628:
6618:
6617:
6616:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6583:
6582:
6581:
6554:
6553:
6552:
6542:
6541:
6540:
6519:
6518:
6517:
6507:
6506:
6505:
6483:
6482:
6481:
6471:
6470:
6469:
6459:
6458:
6457:
6447:
6446:
6445:
6428:
6427:
6426:
6374:
6373:
6372:
6351:
6350:
6349:
6327:
6326:
6325:
6315:
6314:
6313:
6284:
6283:
6258:
6257:
6256:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6217:
6216:
6215:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6181:
6180:
6179:
6169:
6168:
6167:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6132:
6131:
6130:
6120:
6119:
6118:
6108:
6107:
6106:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6077:
6076:
6075:
6065:
6064:
6063:
6053:
6052:
6051:
6038:
6037:
6019:
6018:
6017:
6007:
6006:
6005:
5995:
5994:
5993:
5983:
5982:
5981:
5964:
5963:
5962:
5952:
5951:
5950:
5914:
5913:
5896:
5889:
5882:
5873:
5872:
5242:
5241:
5085:
5084:
5067:
5060:
5053:
5044:
5043:
4789:
4782:
4775:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4701:. Archived from
4695:
4689:
4688:
4680:
4679:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4602:on March 5, 2010
4601:
4595:. Archived from
4594:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4540:. Archived from
4529:
4523:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4478:
4477:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4446:on 5 August 2014
4436:
4430:
4429:
4424:. Archived from
4414:
4408:
4407:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4378:
4372:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4347:
4339:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4314:
4312:
4296:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4208:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4118:on 5 August 2019
4114:. Archived from
4104:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4021:
4014:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3962:
3960:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3906:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3862:
3860:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3736:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3717:. Archived from
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3686:
3680:
3670:
3664:
3657:
3651:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3612:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3528:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3458:The Moscow Times
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3234:on 28 April 2001
3224:
3218:
3217:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3159:. Archived from
3148:
3142:
3141:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3080:on July 10, 2010
3070:
3064:
3063:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3016:NASA Spaceflight
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2971:
2965:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2893:. Archived from
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2813:. Archived from
2808:
2806:
2805:
2796:. Archived from
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2752:
2746:
2733:
2727:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2634:on 3 March 2016.
2630:. Archived from
2620:
2546:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2420:delivery systems
2239:List of X-planes
2162:Shuguang program
1933:lunar south pole
1878:lunar south pole
1749:
1342:
1083:Boeing Starliner
1034:engines each as
753:Soyuz spacecraft
520:Soyuz spacecraft
489:Soyuz spacecraft
474:Soyuz spacecraft
455:
453:[sɐˈjus]
450:
446:
327:
277:, NASA, and the
261:was part of the
21:
11051:
11050:
11046:
11045:
11044:
11042:
11041:
11040:
11016:
11015:
11012:
11007:
10991:Orion (nuclear)
10944:
10881:
10872:
10866:Commercial Crew
10844:
10836:
10806:
10801:
10795:
10793:
10792:
10786:
10779:
10772:
10765:
10759:
10753:
10747:
10740:
10733:
10726:
10719:
10712:
10705:
10690:
10688:
10678:
10676:
10666:
10664:
10651:
10642:
10606:
10543:
10527:vs. Hill sphere
10453:Molecular cloud
10381:Sample curation
10361:Detached object
10300:
10293:
10137:
10129:
10066:
10053:
9998:Neptune trojans
9781:
9779:
9777:
9770:
9712:
9405:
9276:
9258:
9144:
9107:
9100:
9095:
9065:
9060:
9016:
9010:
8971:
8965:
8949:
8900:Thor DM-18 Able
8808:Delta IV Medium
8740:
8734:
8710:Sounding rocket
8654:
8581:
8574:
8485:
8474:
8431:
8405:by first flight
8303:
8275:
8247:
8187:
8135:
8092:
7938:
7890:
7877:
7871:
7841:
7836:
7809:
7799:
7797:
7787:
7785:
7775:
7773:
7763:
7761:
7751:
7749:
7739:
7737:
7726:
7716:
7714:
7704:
7702:
7692:
7690:
7602:
7592:
7590:
7573:
7571:
7556:
7546:
7544:
7534:
7532:
7515:
7513:
7503:
7501:
7479:
7477:
7467:
7465:
7455:
7453:
7443:
7441:
7431:
7429:
7418:
7408:
7406:
7396:
7394:
7384:
7382:
7370:
7368:
7358:
7356:
7346:
7344:
7334:
7332:
7295:
7293:
7283:
7281:
7271:
7269:
7259:
7257:
7247:
7245:
7235:
7233:
7223:
7221:
7211:
7209:
7199:
7197:
7187:
7185:
7168:
7166:
7156:
7154:
7144:
7142:
7132:
7130:
7120:
7118:
7108:
7106:
7089:
7087:
7077:
7075:
7065:
7063:
7053:
7051:
7041:
7039:
7027:
7025:
7015:
7013:
6996:
6922:
6920:
6867:
6852:
6850:
6833:
6831:
6814:
6812:
6795:
6793:
6776:
6774:
6757:
6755:
6745:
6743:
6733:
6731:
6721:
6719:
6709:
6707:
6697:
6695:
6684:
6674:
6672:
6662:
6660:
6650:
6648:
6638:
6636:
6626:
6624:
6614:
6612:
6601:
6591:
6589:
6579:
6577:
6550:
6548:
6538:
6536:
6525:
6515:
6513:
6503:
6501:
6479:
6477:
6467:
6465:
6455:
6453:
6443:
6441:
6424:
6422:
6370:
6368:
6357:
6347:
6345:
6323:
6321:
6311:
6309:
6298:
6271:
6254:
6252:
6242:
6240:
6213:
6211:
6201:
6199:
6189:
6187:
6177:
6175:
6165:
6163:
6156:
6150:
6140:
6138:
6128:
6126:
6116:
6114:
6104:
6102:
6092:
6090:
6073:
6071:
6061:
6059:
6049:
6047:
6025:
6015:
6013:
6003:
6001:
5991:
5989:
5979:
5977:
5960:
5958:
5948:
5946:
5935:
5918:
5905:
5900:
5870:
5865:
5847:
5822:
5812:
5763:
5590:
5547:
5470:
5332:
5229:
5183:
5145:Axiom Mission 4
5114:
5074:
5071:
5041:
5036:
5015:
4937:
4854:
4803:
4793:
4755:
4753:
4744:
4739:
4738:
4729:
4727:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4708:
4706:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4677:
4675:
4663:
4659:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4631:
4629:
4627:Washington Post
4619:
4615:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4592:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4573:
4571:
4561:
4557:
4547:
4545:
4530:
4526:
4520:Wayback Machine
4511:
4507:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4475:
4473:
4463:
4459:
4449:
4447:
4438:
4437:
4433:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4361:
4357:
4341:
4340:
4328:
4324:
4310:
4308:
4289:
4285:
4277:
4273:
4265:
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4256:. 21 July 2019.
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4019:
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3942:Wayback Machine
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3614:
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3593:. 30 April 2021
3585:
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3570:
3568:
3567:on 17 June 2021
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3479:"Shenzhou VIII"
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2743:Wayback Machine
2734:
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2617:
2612:
2542:
2537:
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2516:Low Earth orbit
2504:
2451:
2439:Artemis program
2418:and respective
2405:
2399:
2388:
2373:
2362:
2346:Lockheed Martin
2339:
2318:
2306:
2294:
2279:
2267:
2257:and the larger
2247:
2230:
2214:
2203:
2186:
2170:
2158:
2140:was a reusable
2131:
2110:
2097:
2053:
2044:
2012:
1991:
1976:
1968:
1951:and the Boeing
1941:
1855:
1853:Artemis program
1849:
1833:
1795:SpaceX Starship
1791:
1772:
1740:
1710:
1702:low Earth orbit
1683:
1662:low Earth orbit
1621:
1613:
1499:
1425:low Earth orbit
1413:
1393:Valeri Polyakov
1340:
1314:
1273:
1197:
1189:
1122:
1071:
1023:SpaceX Dragon 2
1011:
987:
959:Virgin Galactic
948:Virgin Galactic
942:. The company
860:Virgin Galactic
850:
812:In 1992, under
761:
701:low Earth orbit
668:
598:Michael Collins
586:John F. Kennedy
560:
448:
425:
413:Mercury Mark II
386:
363:made the first
318:Voskhod program
314:
306:astronaut wings
243:
192:Mercury-Atlas 6
184:Project Mercury
173:
165:firsts in space
161:Voskhod program
86:
78:
72:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11049:
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10582:
10577:
10572:
10567:
10562:
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10551:
10549:
10545:
10544:
10542:
10541:
10539:Scattered disc
10536:
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10519:
10514:
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10338:
10333:
10328:
10327:
10326:
10324:Excretion disk
10319:Accretion disk
10316:
10311:
10309:Star formation
10305:
10303:
10295:
10294:
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10291:
10286:
10281:
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10271:
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10261:
10256:
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10244:
10239:
10234:
10233:
10232:
10222:
10217:
10212:
10211:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10198:space stations
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10046:
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10039:
10037:Scattered disc
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10000:
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9331:
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9293:
9282:
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9263:
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9228:
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9214:
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9031:
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9012:
9011:
9009:
9008:
9003:
9001:Space agencies
8998:
8993:
8988:
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8975:
8973:
8972:and facilities
8967:
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8963:
8957:
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8947:
8942:
8937:
8932:
8927:
8922:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8892:
8890:Thor and Delta
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8831:
8830:
8825:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8803:Delta IV Heavy
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8760:
8755:
8750:
8744:
8742:
8741:by rocket type
8736:
8735:
8733:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8701:
8700:
8695:
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8674:
8673:
8662:
8660:
8656:
8655:
8653:
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8647:
8642:
8637:
8636:Magnetospheric
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8613:
8612:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8586:
8584:
8580:Earth-orbiting
8576:
8575:
8573:
8572:
8571:
8570:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8549:
8548:
8543:
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8511:
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8496:
8490:
8488:
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8479:
8476:
8475:
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8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8441:
8439:
8433:
8432:
8430:
8429:
8424:
8423:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8410:by nationality
8407:
8402:
8394:
8389:
8388:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8311:
8309:
8305:
8304:
8302:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8285:
8283:
8277:
8276:
8274:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8257:
8255:
8249:
8248:
8246:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8229:
8228:
8223:
8215:
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8213:
8208:
8197:
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8189:
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8185:
8180:
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8173:
8168:
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8147:
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8128:
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8025:
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8015:
8014:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
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7973:
7972:
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7955:
7953:
7946:
7940:
7939:
7937:
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7926:
7921:
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7915:
7914:
7909:
7898:
7896:
7892:
7891:
7889:
7888:
7882:
7879:
7878:
7870:
7869:
7862:
7855:
7847:
7838:
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7808:
7807:
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7759:
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7688:
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7678:
7673:
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7653:
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7643:
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7621:
7616:
7610:
7608:
7604:
7603:
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7588:
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7554:
7542:
7530:
7529:
7528:
7511:
7499:
7498:
7497:
7492:
7475:
7463:
7451:
7439:
7426:
7424:
7420:
7419:
7417:
7416:
7404:
7392:
7380:
7379:
7378:
7354:
7342:
7330:
7329:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7291:
7279:
7267:
7255:
7243:
7231:
7219:
7207:
7195:
7183:
7182:
7181:
7164:
7152:
7140:
7128:
7116:
7104:
7103:
7102:
7085:
7073:
7061:
7049:
7037:
7036:
7035:
7010:
7008:
6998:
6997:
6995:
6994:
6989:
6984:
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6884:
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6829:
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6809:
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6789:
6772:
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6753:
6741:
6729:
6717:
6705:
6692:
6690:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6682:
6670:
6658:
6646:
6634:
6622:
6609:
6607:
6606:Southeast Asia
6603:
6602:
6600:
6599:
6587:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6563:
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6408:
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6398:
6393:
6383:
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6359:
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6355:
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6319:
6306:
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6300:
6299:
6297:
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6270:
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6250:
6238:
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6209:
6197:
6185:
6173:
6160:
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6100:
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6044:
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6011:
5999:
5987:
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5956:
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5907:
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5891:
5884:
5876:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5852:
5849:
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5846:
5845:
5844:(11 September)
5839:
5838:(10 September)
5833:
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5805:
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5794:
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5755:
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5514:
5509:
5504:
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5462:
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5404:
5398:
5393:
5388:
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5378:
5373:
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5353:
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5342:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5324:
5318:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5276:Europa Clipper
5273:
5268:
5262:
5256:
5250:
5248:
5239:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5227:
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5215:
5209:
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5184:
5182:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5160:
5154:
5148:
5142:
5137:
5131:
5128:SpaceX Crew-10
5124:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5106:
5100:
5093:
5091:
5082:
5076:
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5062:
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5047:
5038:
5037:
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5034:
5033:
5032:
5026:United States
5023:
5021:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5006:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4989:
4983:United States
4981:
4980:
4979:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4954:
4945:
4943:
4942:In development
4939:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4911:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4885:United States
4883:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4862:
4860:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4834:United States
4832:
4831:
4830:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4792:
4791:
4784:
4777:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4715:
4690:
4657:
4639:
4613:
4581:
4555:
4524:
4505:
4487:
4457:
4431:
4409:
4391:
4373:
4355:
4322:
4283:
4271:
4259:
4245:
4220:
4194:
4175:
4152:
4129:
4099:
4073:
4051:
4033:
4001:
3970:
3929:
3898:
3872:
3838:
3808:
3787:
3759:
3731:
3706:
3681:
3665:
3652:
3636:
3604:
3578:
3548:
3520:
3495:
3470:
3444:
3418:
3400:
3377:
3351:
3329:
3307:
3292:
3270:
3263:
3245:
3219:
3200:
3174:
3143:
3128:
3125:. TechZone360.
3113:
3091:
3065:
3050:
3028:
3002:
2992:. 8 March 2019
2981:
2945:
2919:
2900:
2897:on 2015-10-23.
2878:
2852:
2827:
2781:
2769:
2747:
2728:
2707:
2695:
2689:978-1465479655
2688:
2670:
2655:
2637:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2531:
2528:
2503:
2500:
2480:XCOR Aerospace
2473:rocket-powered
2450:
2447:
2422:for increased
2398:
2395:
2387:
2384:
2372:
2369:
2361:
2358:
2338:
2335:
2322:Ansari X Prize
2317:
2314:
2305:
2302:
2293:
2290:
2278:
2275:
2266:
2263:
2246:
2243:
2229:
2226:
2213:
2210:
2202:
2199:
2185:
2182:
2178:FSW satellites
2169:
2166:
2157:
2154:
2130:
2127:
2114:TKS spacecraft
2109:
2106:
2101:Spiral program
2096:
2093:
2089:Gemini program
2081:reconnaissance
2073:X-20 Dyna-Soar
2052:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2011:
2008:
1990:
1987:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1940:
1937:
1851:Main article:
1848:
1845:
1832:
1829:
1799:fully reusable
1790:
1787:
1771:
1768:
1739:
1736:
1709:
1706:
1682:
1679:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1609:
1498:
1495:
1478:(ROS) and the
1445:Space Shuttles
1412:
1409:
1313:
1307:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1121:
1118:
1087:space capsules
1085:is a class of
1070:
1067:
1010:
1007:
986:
983:
932:Ansari X Prize
849:
846:
842:Inner Mongolia
807:FSW satellites
760:
757:
674:Space Shuttle
667:
664:
633:Skylab program
614:celestial body
590:Neil Armstrong
575:Apollo Program
559:
556:
516:Samara, Russia
495:or the Soviet
424:
421:
397:Project Gemini
385:
382:
338:Vostok program
313:
310:
255:North American
249:X-15 in flight
242:
239:
234:Spacecraft #11
172:
169:
98:Vostok program
85:
82:
71:
68:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11048:
11037:
11034:
11032:
11029:
11027:
11024:
11023:
11021:
11014:
11004:
11003:
10999:
10997:
10994:
10992:
10989:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10977:
10974:
10972:
10969:
10967:
10964:
10962:
10959:
10957:
10956:Constellation
10954:
10953:
10951:
10947:
10939:
10938:
10933:
10932:
10931:
10930:Space Shuttle
10928:
10924:
10921:
10919:
10916:
10915:
10914:
10911:
10909:
10906:
10904:
10901:
10899:
10896:
10894:
10891:
10890:
10888:
10884:
10879:
10867:
10864:
10863:
10862:
10859:
10857:
10854:
10853:
10851:
10847:
10843:
10840:
10839:United States
10833:
10828:
10826:
10821:
10819:
10814:
10813:
10810:
10800:
10791:
10784:
10777:
10770:
10764:
10758:
10752:
10745:
10738:
10731:
10724:
10717:
10710:
10703:
10697:
10687:
10685:
10675:
10673:
10663:
10661:
10658:
10657:
10654:
10639:
10638:Tidal locking
10636:
10634:
10631:
10629:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10619:
10618:Double planet
10616:
10615:
10613:
10609:
10603:
10600:
10596:
10593:
10591:
10588:
10587:
10586:
10583:
10581:
10578:
10576:
10573:
10571:
10570:Minor planets
10568:
10566:
10563:
10561:
10558:
10556:
10553:
10552:
10550:
10546:
10540:
10537:
10535:
10532:
10528:
10525:
10524:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10511:
10508:
10504:
10503:Merging stars
10501:
10500:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10475:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10434:
10431:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10416:
10414:
10411:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10391:
10387:
10384:
10382:
10379:
10378:
10377:
10374:
10372:
10369:
10367:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10332:
10329:
10325:
10322:
10321:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10306:
10304:
10302:
10296:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10253:
10250:
10249:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10231:
10228:
10227:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10195:
10194:
10191:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10178:
10177:
10174:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10156:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10147:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10136:
10132:
10126:
10123:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10106:
10105:Subsatellites
10103:
10101:
10098:
10096:
10093:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10072:
10070:
10068:
10065:Hypothetical
10062:
10059:
10050:
10047:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10025:
10021:
10018:
10016:
10013:
10012:
10011:
10008:
10007:
10006:
10003:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9990:
9989:
9986:
9982:
9979:
9977:
9974:
9972:
9969:
9967:
9964:
9962:
9959:
9957:
9954:
9952:
9949:
9947:
9944:
9942:
9939:
9938:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9931:Asteroid belt
9929:
9927:
9924:
9920:
9917:
9915:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9903:
9900:
9898:
9895:
9894:
9893:
9890:
9888:
9885:
9883:
9880:
9878:
9875:
9874:
9873:
9870:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9827:
9825:
9823:
9820:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9807:
9806:
9805:Minor planets
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9787:
9785:
9783:
9773:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9739:
9736:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9723:
9721:
9719:
9715:
9707:
9704:
9703:
9702:
9699:
9695:
9692:
9691:
9690:
9687:
9683:
9680:
9679:
9678:
9675:
9671:
9668:
9667:
9666:
9663:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9650:
9649:
9646:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9632:
9629:
9627:
9624:
9622:
9619:
9618:
9617:
9614:
9610:
9607:
9606:
9605:
9602:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9579:
9578:
9575:
9571:
9568:
9566:
9563:
9561:
9558:
9556:
9553:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9542:
9541:
9538:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9509:
9506:
9504:
9501:
9499:
9496:
9494:
9491:
9489:
9486:
9485:
9484:
9481:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9453:
9452:
9449:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9436:
9435:
9432:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9419:
9417:
9416:
9414:
9412:
9408:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
9356:
9355:
9352:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9337:
9336:
9333:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9320:
9319:
9316:
9315:
9314:
9311:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9288:
9287:
9284:
9283:
9281:
9279:
9274:
9270:
9267:
9266:
9261:
9255:
9254:
9250:
9248:
9247:
9243:
9241:
9240:
9236:
9234:
9233:
9229:
9227:
9226:
9222:
9220:
9219:
9215:
9213:
9212:
9208:
9206:
9205:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9186:
9184:
9181:
9179:
9178:
9174:
9172:
9169:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9148:
9103:
9099:
9092:
9087:
9085:
9080:
9078:
9073:
9072:
9069:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9040:
9037:
9036:
9035:
9034:NASA missions
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9021:
9019:
9017:and timelines
9013:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8985:
8982:
8981:
8980:
8977:
8976:
8974:
8968:
8962:
8961:Satish Dhawan
8959:
8958:
8956:
8952:
8946:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8821:
8820:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8776:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8745:
8743:
8737:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8685:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8672:
8669:
8668:
8667:
8664:
8663:
8661:
8657:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8611:
8608:
8607:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8587:
8585:
8583:
8577:
8569:
8566:
8565:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8528:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8506:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8491:
8489:
8487:
8481:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8442:
8440:
8438:
8434:
8428:
8425:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8397:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8386:
8385:Ibero-America
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8341:
8338:
8336:
8333:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8317:
8316:
8313:
8312:
8310:
8306:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8286:
8284:
8282:
8278:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8258:
8256:
8254:
8250:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8218:
8217:Spaceflights
8216:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8203:
8202:
8199:
8198:
8196:
8194:
8190:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8163:
8162:Spaceflights
8161:
8157:
8154:
8153:
8152:
8149:
8148:
8146:
8144:
8143:
8138:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8111:
8110:Spaceflights
8109:
8107:
8104:
8103:
8101:
8099:
8095:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8078:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7978:
7977:
7974:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7961:
7960:
7957:
7956:
7954:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7941:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7904:
7903:
7900:
7899:
7897:
7893:
7887:
7884:
7883:
7880:
7875:
7868:
7863:
7861:
7856:
7854:
7849:
7848:
7845:
7833:participation
7832:
7828:
7826:
7822:
7820:
7816:
7815:
7812:
7806:
7796:
7794:
7784:
7782:
7772:
7770:
7760:
7758:
7748:
7746:
7736:
7735:
7733:
7729:
7723:
7713:
7711:
7701:
7699:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7636:Cospas-Sarsat
7634:
7630:
7627:
7626:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7611:
7609:
7605:
7599:
7589:
7585:
7582:
7581:
7580:
7570:
7569:
7567:
7563:
7553:
7543:
7541:
7531:
7527:
7524:
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7496:
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7405:
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7393:
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7331:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
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7292:
7290:
7280:
7278:
7268:
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7242:
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7141:
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6999:
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6990:
6988:
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6980:
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6888:
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6881:
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6859:
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6826:
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6822:
6821:
6811:
6807:
6804:
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6802:
6792:
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6784:
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6769:
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6764:
6754:
6752:
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6409:
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6402:
6399:
6397:
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6392:
6389:
6388:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6378:
6377:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6360:
6354:
6344:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6330:
6320:
6318:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6285:
6282:
6278:
6266:
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6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6220:
6210:
6208:
6198:
6196:
6186:
6184:
6174:
6172:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6155:Latin America
6153:
6147:
6137:
6135:
6125:
6123:
6113:
6111:
6101:
6099:
6089:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6080:
6070:
6068:
6058:
6056:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6041:North America
6039:
6036:
6032:
6022:
6012:
6010:
6000:
5998:
5988:
5986:
5976:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5967:
5957:
5955:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5938:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5915:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5897:
5892:
5890:
5885:
5883:
5878:
5877:
5874:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5850:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5819:
5809:
5806:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5777:Europa Lander
5775:
5774:
5772:
5770:
5766:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5726:
5723:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5655:Solar-C EUVST
5653:
5650:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5550:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5473:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5408:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5328:
5327:SpainSat NG I
5325:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5186:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5097:SpaceX Crew-9
5095:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5077:
5068:
5063:
5061:
5056:
5054:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5031:
5030:SpaceShip III
5028:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4940:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4921:Space Shuttle
4919:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4865:Soviet Union
4864:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4801:
4797:
4790:
4785:
4783:
4778:
4776:
4771:
4770:
4767:
4751:
4746:
4745:
4725:
4719:
4705:on 2016-03-22
4704:
4700:
4694:
4687:
4686:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4661:
4653:
4649:
4643:
4628:
4624:
4617:
4598:
4591:
4585:
4570:
4566:
4559:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4509:
4501:
4497:
4491:
4484:
4483:
4472:
4468:
4461:
4445:
4441:
4435:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4351:
4345:
4337:
4333:
4326:
4319:
4306:
4302:
4301:
4295:
4287:
4280:
4275:
4268:
4263:
4255:
4249:
4242:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4224:
4205:
4198:
4190:
4186:
4179:
4163:
4156:
4140:
4133:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4061:
4055:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4018:
4011:
4005:
3997:
3985:
3981:
3974:
3966:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3905:
3903:
3887:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3868:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3842:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3797:
3791:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3763:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3735:
3721:on 2016-10-09
3720:
3716:
3710:
3696:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3674:
3669:
3662:
3656:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3609:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3525:
3509:
3505:
3504:"Shenzhou IX"
3499:
3484:
3480:
3474:
3459:
3455:
3448:
3433:
3429:
3422:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3388:
3381:
3366:
3362:
3355:
3339:
3333:
3317:
3311:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3266:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3215:
3214:Aviation Week
3211:
3204:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3163:on 2015-04-30
3162:
3158:
3154:
3147:
3139:
3132:
3124:
3117:
3101:
3095:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3061:
3054:
3038:
3032:
3017:
3013:
3006:
2991:
2985:
2978:
2977:
2966:on 2014-03-22
2962:
2958:
2957:
2949:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2904:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2817:on 2012-08-28
2816:
2812:
2800:on 2012-08-28
2799:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2779:, NASA, 1999.
2778:
2773:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2732:
2725:
2724:0-9633974-5-1
2721:
2717:
2711:
2704:
2699:
2691:
2685:
2681:
2674:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2615:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2534:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2512:space station
2509:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2455:
2446:
2444:
2441:based on the
2440:
2435:
2433:
2432:lunar landing
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2394:
2392:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2368:
2366:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2350:Space Shuttle
2347:
2343:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2274:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2259:Space Shuttle
2256:
2251:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2234:Rockwell X-30
2225:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2198:
2196:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2138:Buran program
2136:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2077:space station
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1918:Lunar Gateway
1914:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1859:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1745:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1714:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1692:
1689:(HSP) of the
1688:
1678:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1625:
1616:
1608:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1598:Long March 5B
1595:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:space station
1418:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:human biology
1363:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1344:orbit decayed
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1318:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1291:United States
1288:
1284:
1277:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1205:space station
1202:
1192:
1184:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:United States
1155:
1154:space tourism
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:thruster pods
1026:side-mounted
1024:
1015:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
951:
949:
945:
941:
940:space tourism
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
910:
906:
903:
900:' program of
899:
895:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
854:
845:
843:
839:
835:
834:
829:
828:
823:
822:Long March 2F
819:
815:
810:
808:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
769:
765:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
689:Space Shuttle
683:
679:
678:
672:
663:
661:
657:
653:
652:Roger Chaffee
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
584:
580:
576:
568:
564:
555:
553:
552:French Guiana
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
442:
438:
437:Soyuz program
429:
420:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
398:
390:
381:
379:
378:Soyuz program
374:
370:
366:
362:
361:Alexei Leonov
357:
355:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
323:
319:
309:
307:
303:
299:
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280:
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264:
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197:
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162:
158:
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149:
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143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
118:
115:
111:
110:Vostok rocket
107:
103:
99:
90:
81:
77:
67:
65:
60:
56:
51:
49:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
19:
11026:Solar System
11013:
11001:
10936:
10923:Apollo–Soyuz
10841:
10794:Each arrow (
10716:Local Bubble
10702:Solar System
10700:
10493:Planetesimal
10448:Kuiper cliff
10207:
10176:Space probes
10149:Colonization
9988:Kirkwood gap
9909:Saturn Moons
9822:Planetesimal
9286:Terrestrials
9251:
9244:
9237:
9230:
9223:
9216:
9209:
9202:
9175:
9098:Solar System
8705:Upper stages
8546:lunar probes
8484:Solar System
8470:Spacewalkers
8455:2015–present
8415:billionaires
8140:
8011:2021–present
7976:Spaceflights
7968:
7829:Preceded by
7681:Intersputnik
7526:TÜBİTAK UZAY
6987:EUTELSAT IGO
6883:Pan-European
6844:TÜBİTAK UZAY
6303:Central Asia
5919:and pan-Arab
5836:Polaris Dawn
5792:Nano-JASMINE
5640:
5628:MBR Explorer
5571:NEO Surveyor
5197:(March 2026)
5009:Dream Chaser
4997:Starship HLS
4931:SpaceShipTwo
4926:SpaceShipOne
4799:
4754:. Retrieved
4742:Bibliography
4728:. Retrieved
4718:
4707:. Retrieved
4703:the original
4693:
4683:
4682:
4676:. Retrieved
4670:
4660:
4651:
4642:
4630:. Retrieved
4626:
4616:
4604:. Retrieved
4597:the original
4584:
4572:. Retrieved
4568:
4558:
4546:. Retrieved
4542:the original
4527:
4508:
4500:www.buran.ru
4499:
4490:
4481:
4480:
4474:. Retrieved
4470:
4460:
4450:11 September
4448:. Retrieved
4444:the original
4440:"Saenger II"
4434:
4426:the original
4421:
4418:"Saenger II"
4412:
4404:www.buran.ru
4403:
4394:
4385:
4376:
4366:
4358:
4335:
4325:
4316:
4309:. Retrieved
4298:
4286:
4274:
4262:
4248:
4239:
4233:
4223:
4211:. Retrieved
4197:
4188:
4178:
4166:. Retrieved
4155:
4143:. Retrieved
4132:
4120:. Retrieved
4116:the original
4111:
4102:
4090:. Retrieved
4086:the original
4076:
4064:. Retrieved
4054:
4045:
4036:
4024:. Retrieved
4017:the original
4004:
3994:– via
3988:. Retrieved
3973:
3963:– via
3957:. Retrieved
3948:
3938:Ghostarchive
3936:Archived at
3932:
3922:30 September
3920:. Retrieved
3916:Ars Technica
3914:
3889:. Retrieved
3885:
3875:
3865:
3864:
3857:. Retrieved
3853:Ars Technica
3851:
3841:
3831:30 September
3829:. Retrieved
3820:
3811:
3800:. Retrieved
3790:
3778:. Retrieved
3772:
3762:
3750:. Retrieved
3743:
3734:
3723:. Retrieved
3719:the original
3709:
3698:. Retrieved
3694:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3655:
3647:
3639:
3628:. Retrieved
3619:
3595:. Retrieved
3590:
3581:
3569:. Retrieved
3565:the original
3560:
3551:
3539:. Retrieved
3535:
3511:. Retrieved
3507:
3498:
3486:. Retrieved
3482:
3473:
3461:. Retrieved
3457:
3447:
3435:. Retrieved
3431:
3421:
3412:
3403:
3391:. Retrieved
3380:
3368:. Retrieved
3364:
3354:
3342:. Retrieved
3332:
3320:. Retrieved
3310:
3284:Apogee Books
3279:
3273:
3254:
3248:
3236:. Retrieved
3232:the original
3222:
3213:
3203:
3191:. Retrieved
3187:
3177:
3165:. Retrieved
3161:the original
3156:
3146:
3131:
3116:
3104:. Retrieved
3094:
3082:. Retrieved
3078:the original
3068:
3053:
3041:. Retrieved
3031:
3019:. Retrieved
3015:
3005:
2994:. Retrieved
2984:
2975:
2974:
2968:. Retrieved
2961:the original
2955:
2948:
2938:16 September
2936:. Retrieved
2932:the original
2922:
2913:
2903:
2895:the original
2890:
2881:
2869:. Retrieved
2865:
2855:
2843:. Retrieved
2839:
2836:"Shenzhou V"
2830:
2819:. Retrieved
2815:the original
2802:. Retrieved
2798:the original
2793:
2784:
2772:
2764:the original
2750:
2731:
2715:
2710:
2698:
2679:
2673:
2646:
2640:
2632:the original
2627:
2618:
2602:2021-present
2505:
2489:
2485:
2459:
2436:
2406:
2389:
2374:
2363:
2340:
2319:
2307:
2295:
2280:
2268:
2248:
2231:
2215:
2204:
2187:
2171:
2159:
2132:
2111:
2098:
2060:
2054:
2045:
2028:US Air Force
2013:
1992:
1977:
1969:
1926:
1915:
1905:
1887:
1863:
1834:
1814:
1792:
1773:
1751:
1741:
1732:
1722:
1712:
1711:
1694:
1684:
1651:lifting-body
1637:Dream Chaser
1634:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1574:
1569:
1568:docked with
1563:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1488:
1449:
1433:solar arrays
1414:
1400:
1396:
1383:
1382:
1348:microgravity
1337:
1323:
1322:
1309:
1289:and was the
1281:
1209:Soviet Union
1198:
1190:
1169:
1165:Alan Shepard
1123:
1103:
1080:
1063:Inspiration4
1040:
1020:
988:
966:
962:
955:SpaceShipTwo
952:
936:
916:White Knight
912:SpaceShipOne
892:
876:SpaceShipTwo
872:SpaceShipOne
868:Virgin Group
858:
831:
825:
811:
804:
773:
733:Its missions
725:Cargo Dragon
717:
686:
675:
641:
621:space agency
618:
579:Moon landing
572:
505:
486:
478:Soyuz rocket
458:Moon landing
434:
412:
410:
395:
358:
354:R-7 Semyorka
350:
333:
329:
315:
295:
252:
223:
215:
204:
200:Alan Shepard
182:
150:
138:Soviet Union
130:Yuri Gagarin
119:
95:
79:
52:
44:SpaceShipOne
38:
37:
35:
26:
10757:Local Sheet
10751:Local Group
10534:Rubble pile
10522:Roche limit
10517:Ring system
10468:Outer space
10443:Kuiper belt
10413:Hill sphere
10408:Hills cloud
10356:Debris disk
10351:Cosmic dust
10135:Exploration
10090:Planet Nine
10075:Fifth giant
10049:Hills cloud
10010:Kuiper belt
9981:exceptional
9897:Trojan camp
8840:H-II and H3
8783:Delta DM-19
8773:Black Brant
8486:exploration
8261:Expeditions
8201:Expeditions
8151:Expeditions
8106:Expeditions
7874:Spaceflight
7831:Interkosmos
7805:Interkosmos
6911:Eurocontrol
6561:Antrix Corp
5917:Pan-African
5842:Soyuz MS-26
5804:(mid 2020s)
5742:(2031–2032)
5697:(2029–2031)
5586:Superbird-9
5573:(September)
5524:(2026–2027)
5434:Space Rider
5381:Gaganyaan-3
5376:Gaganyaan-2
5323:(September)
5297:Hakuto-R M2
5282:Gaganyaan-1
5261:(September)
5259:Bion-M No.2
5207:Gaganyaan-5
5195:Soyuz MS-29
5179:Gaganyaan-4
5174:Shenzhou 21
5165:(September)
5159:(September)
5157:Soyuz MS-28
5140:Shenzhou 20
5134:Soyuz MS-27
5111:(late 2024)
5103:Shenzhou 19
5099:(September)
4848:New Shepard
4838:Crew Dragon
4756:January 13,
4752:. The Verge
4632:February 1,
4548:January 31,
4213:January 28,
4164:. SpaceNews
4145:January 28,
3891:21 November
3745:RIA Novosti
3437:26 February
3344:21 February
3157:Blue Origin
3140:. BBC News.
3043:18 November
2760:Arianespace
2342:VentureStar
2310:Kankoh-maru
1911:free-return
1783:New Shepard
1779:Blue Origin
1752:Federatsiya
1668:rocket and
1594:core module
1551:Shenzhou 11
1452:ISS program
1419:(ISS) is a
1378:meteorology
1358:experiments
1142:Blue Origin
1132:capable of
1126:New Shepard
729:Crew Dragon
644:Gus Grissom
594:Buzz Aldrin
472:. Both the
298:spaceflight
142:outer space
11020:Categories
10776:Local Hole
10723:Gould Belt
10463:Oort cloud
10299:Formation,
10289:Deep space
10125:Vulcanoids
10042:Oort cloud
9966:first 1000
9902:Greek camp
9800:Meteoroids
9795:Damocloids
9741:Charikloan
8984:comparison
8910:Thor DM-18
8895:Thor-Agena
8850:Long March
8768:Atlas LV3C
8763:Atlas LV3B
8683:Spacecraft
8671:Comparison
8600:PocketQube
8582:satellites
8360:Cosmonauts
8315:Astronauts
8271:Spacewalks
8233:Spacewalks
8178:Spacewalks
8126:Spacewalks
8086:Suborbital
7969:by program
7929:Space Race
7919:Spacecraft
7817:See also:
6530:South Asia
6134:USSPACECOM
5830:Türksat 6A
5454:SSC Demo-1
5450:(February)
5403:(February)
5329:(November)
5265:Blue Ghost
5130:(February)
5105:(November)
4730:2009-07-04
4709:2016-04-05
4678:2016-07-13
4476:2011-10-11
4279:Grush 2019
4267:Grush 2019
3817:"Starship"
3802:2016-09-16
3725:2016-10-08
3700:2021-10-21
3630:2021-07-13
3432:Space News
3322:17 January
3282:. Canada:
3188:Space News
2996:2019-03-08
2970:2014-03-22
2821:2009-05-13
2804:2009-05-13
2610:References
2476:spaceplane
2466:suborbital
2430:resupply,
2401:See also:
2380:spaceplane
2354:spaceplane
2142:spaceplane
2003:spaceplane
1675:OHB System
1654:spaceplane
1644:suborbital
1570:Tiangong 2
1565:Tianzhou 1
1560:Tiangong 2
1556:Tiangong 2
1546:Tiangong 1
1541:Tiangong 2
1526:Shenzhou 9
1521:Tiangong 1
1516:Shenzhou 8
1511:Tiangong 1
1354:laboratory
1163:in space,
1150:Jeff Bezos
1146:Amazon.com
1138:suborbital
1032:SuperDraco
967:Enterprise
963:Enterprise
924:Paul Allen
920:Burt Rutan
907:using the
902:suborbital
886:and later
838:Yang Liwei
833:Shenzhou 5
827:Shenzhou 1
788:Zhou Enlai
784:Mao Zedong
776:Space Race
745:satellites
697:astronauts
606:astronauts
540:Kazakhstan
487:The basic
449:pronounced
291:spacecraft
188:John Glenn
126:Vostok 3KA
74:See also:
57:vary. The
10961:Dyna-Soar
10886:Completed
10737:Milky Way
10730:Orion Arm
10498:Formation
10483:Migration
10478:Disrupted
10346:Coatlicue
10314:Accretion
10301:evolution
10247:Asteroids
10159:astronomy
10154:Discovery
10015:Cubewanos
9936:Asteroids
9766:Quaoarian
9756:Neptunian
9746:Chironean
9731:Saturnian
9513:Enceladus
8930:V-2 tests
8828:2020–2022
8823:2010–2019
8798:Delta III
8450:2000–2014
8445:1965–1999
8299:Rollbacks
8063:Gaganyaan
8006:2011–2020
8001:2001–2010
7996:1991–2000
7991:1981–1990
7986:1971–1980
7981:1961–1970
7485:Roscosmos
7473:KazCosmos
7437:ArmCosmos
7138:DTU Space
7100:BIRA-IASB
7047:EU SatCen
6806:KACST-SRI
6703:ArmCosmos
6689:West Asia
6362:East Asia
6329:Roscosmos
6317:KazCosmos
6287:Pan-Asian
5716:Spektr-UV
5710:SAOCOM-2B
5689:Tianwen-4
5661:Tianwen-3
5649:SAOCOM-2A
5610:Dragonfly
5604:Chang'e 8
5507:ispace M3
5493:Chang'e 7
5459:Tianwen-2
5386:Garatéa-L
5362:(January)
5317:(October)
5278:(October)
5218:Artemis 5
5212:Artemis 4
5201:Artemis 3
5163:Artemis 2
5020:Cancelled
5004:Blue Moon
4967:Gaganyaan
4843:Starliner
4672:SpaceNews
4368:Space.com
4336:Space.com
4235:Space.com
3990:10 August
3774:SpaceNews
3677:The Hindu
3370:8 January
3302:1496-6921
2871:8 October
2866:Space.com
2665:902685533
2597:2011-2020
2592:2001-2010
2587:1991-2000
2582:1981-1990
2577:1971-1980
2572:1961-1970
2462:XCOR Lynx
2424:operation
2255:Dyna-Soar
2079:used for
1995:Dyna-Soar
1993:The X-20
1928:Artemis 3
1907:Artemis 2
1889:Artemis 1
1812:project.
1775:New Glenn
1748:Федерация
1696:Gaganyaan
1460:Roscosmos
1429:naked eye
1374:astronomy
1303:Saturn IB
1183:mission.
1161:astronaut
1030:with two
975:VSS Unity
971:VSS Unity
882:to offer
780:Apollo 11
715:landing.
677:Discovery
660:Apollo 13
654:, in the
602:Apollo 11
583:President
462:cosmonaut
373:Voskhod 1
369:Voskhod 2
302:astronaut
219:Max Faget
136:from the
134:cosmonaut
104:from the
10949:Canceled
10935:Shuttle-
10790:Universe
10628:Moonlets
10208:programs
10181:timeline
10169:timeline
10100:Planet X
10095:Planet V
10032:Sednoids
10020:Plutinos
9993:Centaurs
9971:families
9706:Dysnomia
9694:Xiangliu
9689:Gonggong
9677:Makemake
9636:Kerberos
9523:Hyperion
9461:Callisto
9456:Ganymede
9389:Gonggong
9384:Makemake
9239:Gonggong
9232:Makemake
8885:Starship
8855:Minotaur
8813:Delta IV
8793:Delta II
8778:Electron
8739:Launches
8698:heaviest
8688:uncrewed
8659:Vehicles
8595:CubeSats
8536:orbiters
8494:Timeline
8355:European
8294:Missions
8253:Tiangong
8243:Deployed
8238:Visitors
8226:uncrewed
8211:Visiting
8183:Visitors
8171:uncrewed
8131:Visitors
8119:uncrewed
8068:Spacelab
8058:Shenzhou
7964:timeline
7912:timeline
7710:UNCOPUOS
7021:DG DEFIS
6982:EUMETSAT
6034:Americas
5940:National
5832:(8 July)
5823:launched
5821:Recently
5746:LiteBIRD
5728:EnVision
5722:Spektr-M
5695:Venera-D
5538:ULTRASAT
5497:Rashid 2
5415:Series B
5413:MetOp-SG
5409:Series A
5407:MetOp-SG
5351:ESCAPADE
5315:Juventas
5287:GOSAT-GW
5238:Uncrewed
5153:(August)
5147:(Spring)
4992:Starship
4952:Mengzhou
4818:Shenzhou
4800:programs
4606:March 7,
4574:March 7,
4569:BBC News
4516:Archived
4471:BBC News
4344:cite web
4305:Archived
4168:April 4,
3940:and the
3886:Engadget
3825:Archived
3648:BBC News
3624:Archived
3413:CBC News
3167:27 April
3084:July 15,
2914:NBC News
2739:Archived
2624:"Vostok"
2530:See also
2491:Unilever
2471:(HTHL),
2197:rocket.
2195:Ariane 5
1961:(Russia)
1955:in 2020.
1949:Dragon 2
1895:and the
1764:Dragon 2
1605:Tiangong
1587:Tiangong
1582:Tiangong
1532:Liu Yang
1351:research
1295:Saturn V
1264:Salyut 7
1258:Salyut 6
1252:Salyut 5
1246:Salyut 4
1240:Salyut 3
1234:Salyut 2
1228:Salyut 1
1217:Salyut 1
1136:(VTVL),
1003:Dragon 2
894:Tier One
792:Shuguang
770:of China
705:re-enter
656:Apollo 1
648:Ed White
542:and the
493:Saturn V
476:and the
330:"ascent"
287:aircraft
271:Bell X-1
263:X-series
153:Vostok 6
11002:Freedom
10898:Mercury
10856:Artemis
10611:Related
10590:by size
10279:Neptune
10264:Jupiter
10215:Mercury
10140:outline
10085:Phaeton
10080:Nemesis
10067:objects
9919:Neptune
9892:Jupiter
9872:Trojans
9865:Neptune
9850:Jupiter
9830:Mercury
9761:Haumean
9751:Uranian
9733: (
9653:Hiʻiaka
9587:Proteus
9577:Neptune
9565:Miranda
9555:Umbriel
9545:Titania
9533:all 146
9498:Iapetus
9451:Jupiter
9345:Neptune
9323:Jupiter
9291:Mercury
9273:Planets
9198:Neptune
9183:Jupiter
9156:Mercury
8925:Tsyklon
8788:Delta 1
8753:Antares
8400:by name
8345:Chinese
8340:Mercury
8320:by name
8281:Shuttle
8081:Orbital
8073:Artemis
8038:Mercury
8023:Russian
7952:General
7907:outline
7895:General
7671:ISS MCB
7565:Oceania
7340:PTSPACE
7306:CBK PAN
6968:ESTRACK
6894:CENELEC
6597:SUPARCO
6544:SPARRSO
6381:SASTIND
6098:FAA/AST
5931:Arabsat
5802:TEREX-1
5740:DAVINCI
5734:VERITAS
5724:(2030+)
5704:Luna 28
5683:Harmony
5622:Luna 27
5616:JASMINE
5566:Luna 26
5528:Xuntian
5467:(April)
5465:TRACERS
5444:SPHEREx
5401:LOXSAT1
5372:(April)
5370:SWFO-L1
5346:DESTINY
5321:PROBA-3
5292:GSAT-20
5254:Biomass
5226:(~2030)
5136:(March)
4973:Russia
4894:Mercury
4874:Voskhod
4859:Retired
4824:Russia
4092:9 March
4066:9 March
4026:9 March
3996:Twitter
3965:YouTube
3959:12 June
3859:6 March
3780:4 April
3752:1 April
3597:26 July
3571:26 July
3541:25 July
3513:25 July
3488:25 July
3463:3 March
3106:5 April
3021:20 June
2845:25 July
2522:of the
2434:, etc.
2190:Saenger
1868:, U.S.
1744:Russian
1666:Atlas V
1648:orbital
1370:physics
1362:biology
1176:landing
1038:(LAS).
687:NASA's
682:STS-120
608:on the
596:, with
532:Starsem
526:to the
441:Russian
322:Russian
10918:Skylab
10908:Apollo
10903:Gemini
10849:Active
10785:
10778:
10771:
10746:
10739:
10732:
10725:
10718:
10711:
10704:
10633:Syzygy
10555:Comets
10488:System
10473:Planet
10366:EXCEDE
10274:Uranus
10269:Saturn
10259:Comets
10252:mining
10230:mining
10120:Vulcan
9961:active
9956:Hygiea
9951:Pallas
9914:Uranus
9860:Uranus
9855:Saturn
9790:Comets
9782:bodies
9780:System
9726:Jovian
9670:Weywot
9665:Quaoar
9658:Namaka
9648:Haumea
9621:Charon
9597:all 16
9592:Nereid
9582:Triton
9570:all 28
9550:Oberon
9540:Uranus
9528:Phoebe
9508:Tethys
9483:Saturn
9476:all 95
9471:Europa
9444:Deimos
9439:Phobos
9418:Earth
9379:Quaoar
9374:Haumea
9354:Dwarfs
9340:Uranus
9328:Saturn
9313:Giants
9278:dwarfs
9225:Quaoar
9218:Haumea
9193:Uranus
9188:Saturn
8940:Vulcan
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