701:
488:
433:
579:
1510:
690:
36:
4889:
4899:
4909:
1387:
1399:
631:
battlefield. The soldiers who stayed behind were to protect their escape against the
Persian cavalry. Herodotus believed that Leonidas gave the order because he perceived the allies to be disheartened and unwilling to encounter the danger to which his own mind was made up. He therefore chose to dismiss all the troops except the Thebans, Thespians and helots and save the glory for the Spartans.
681:
563:, they left their garrison at Sparta and marched in full force towards Thermopylae. The rest of the allies planned to do likewise, for the Olympiad coincided with these events. They accordingly sent their advance guard, not expecting the war at Thermopylae to be decided so quickly." Many modern commentators are dissatisfied with this explanation and point to the fact that the
339:(480 BC), attempting to defend the pass from the invading Persian army, and was killed early during the third and last day of the battle. Leonidas entered myth as a hero and the leader of the 300 Spartans who died in battle at Thermopylae. While the Greeks lost this battle, they were able to expel the Persian invaders in the following year.
421:(c. 494 BC). Likewise, he was a full citizen when the Persians sought submission from Sparta and met with vehement rejection in 492/491 BC. His elder half-brother, king Cleomenes, had already been deposed on grounds of purported insanity, and had fled into exile when Athens sought assistance against the
457:
in 481 BC. This was not simply a tribute to Sparta's military prowess: The probability that the coalition wanted
Leonidas personally for his capability as a military leader is underlined by the fact that just two years after his death, the coalition preferred Athenian leadership to the leadership of
395:
King
Anaxandridas II died in c. 524 BC, and Cleomenes succeeded to the throne sometime between then and 516 BC. Dorieus was so outraged that the Spartans had preferred his half-brother over himself that he found it impossible to remain in Sparta. He made one unsuccessful attempt to set up a colony in
598:
Xerxes waited four days to attack, hoping the Greeks would disperse. Finally, on the fifth day the
Persians attacked. Leonidas and the Greeks repulsed the Persians' frontal attacks during the fifth and sixth days, killing roughly 10,000 of the enemy troops. The Persian elite unit known to the Greeks
634:
Of the small Greek force, which was attacked from both sides, all were killed except for the 400 Thebans, who surrendered to Xerxes without a fight. When
Leonidas was killed, the Spartans retrieved his body after driving back the Persians four times. Herodotus says that Xerxes' orders were to have
630:
One theory provided by
Herodotus is that Leonidas sent away the remainder of his men because he cared about their safety. The King would have thought it wise to preserve those Greek troops for future battles against the Persians, but he knew that the Spartans could never abandon their post on the
574:
auxiliaries), the total force assembled for the defence of the pass of
Thermopylae came to something between four and seven thousand Greeks. They faced a Persian army who had invaded from the north of Greece under Xerxes I. Herodotus stated that this army consisted of over two million men; modern
659:(2nd century AD). Leonideia (λεωνιδεῖα) were solemnities celebrated every year in Sparta in honour of Leonidas and only Spartans were allowed to take part. The contest was held opposite the theatre at Sparta where there were the two sepulchral monuments of Pausanias and Leonidas.
559:, "the Spartans sent the men with Leonidas on ahead so that the rest of the allies would see them and march with no fear of defeat, instead of siding with the Persians like the others if they learned that the Spartans were delaying. After completing their festival, the
450:, Leonidas was unlikely to have been referring to his royal blood alone but rather suggesting that, like his brother Dorieus, he had proved himself superior in the competitive environment of Spartan training and society, thus making him qualified to rule.
555:), where he was joined by forces from other Greek city-states, who put themselves under his command to form an army of 7,000 strong. There are various theories on why Leonidas was accompanied by such a small force of hoplites. According to
443:
wrote, “When someone said to him: 'Except for being king you are not at all superior to us,' Leonidas son of
Anaxandridas and brother of Cleomenes replied: 'But were I not better than you, I should not be king.'" The product of the
363:
to set her aside and take another wife. Anaxandridas refused, claiming his wife was blameless, whereupon the ephors agreed to allow him to take a second wife without setting aside his first. This second wife, a descendant of
396:
Africa and, when this failed, sought his fortune in Sicily, where after initial successes he was killed. Leonidas' relationship with his bitterly antagonistic elder brothers is unknown, but he married
Cleomenes' daughter,
466:. The rejection of Leotychidas and Pausanias was not a reflection on Spartan arms. Sparta's military reputation had never stood in higher regard, nor was Sparta less powerful in 478 BC than it had been in 481 BC.
392:
suffix -ίδας, with corresponding Attic form -ίδης, mainly means "descendant of". But literally his name can also mean "son of a lion", as the name Leon means "lion" in Greek.
700:
1892:
615:
by a mountain track to the rear of the Greeks. At that point
Leonidas sent away most of the Greek troops and remained in the pass with his 300 Spartans, 900 helots, 400
1159:
866:
MINON, S. (2013). Names, Personal, Classical Greece . In Roger Bagnall, Andrew Erskine Et Alii (Ed.), Wiley's Encyclopedia of Ancient History, 4686-4687.
743:
when Xerxes offered to spare the lives of the Spartans if they gave up their arms. Another statue, also with the inscription ΜΟΛΩΝ ΛΑΒΕ, was erected in
2036:
1902:
1897:
757:, which originally appeared in 1737. It went on to appear in four other editions, being expanded from 9 books to 12. He is a central figure in
509:
Upon receiving a request from the confederated Greek forces to aid in defending Greece against the Persian invasion, Sparta consulted the
4983:
1096:
3636:
623:. The Thespians stayed entirely of their own will, declaring that they would not abandon Leonidas and his followers. Their leader was
1462:
4963:
668:
502:
as a model of "civic duty and self-sacrifice", but also as a contemplation of loss and death, with Leonidas quietly poised and
1339:
1312:
1285:
1258:
1231:
1188:
936:
3024:
603:" was held back, and two of Xerxes' brothers (Abrocomes and Hyperanthes) died in battle. On the seventh day (August 11), a
2029:
1057:
351:, Leonidas' mother was not only his father's wife, but also his father's niece and had been barren for so long that the
4978:
3646:
3336:
3029:
2963:
925:
Ma, Former Fellow at Cambridge Professor of Humanity at Edinburgh and Vice Chancellor John Hazel; Hazel, John (2013).
3034:
3009:
1147:
1040:
454:
328:
570:
Whatever the reason Sparta's own contribution was just 300 Spartiates (accompanied by their attendants and probably
4953:
4948:
4843:
3592:
3019:
3014:
422:
3486:
3346:
3341:
2618:
487:
469:
This selection of Leonidas to lead the defence of Greece against Xerxes' invasion led to Leonidas' death in the
4968:
4958:
4938:
4870:
3511:
2925:
2022:
283:
4865:
4422:
3915:
3431:
3351:
3049:
2759:
1455:
1112:
4838:
3367:
2821:
3893:
3501:
3377:
3039:
2993:
2948:
2724:
2413:
1403:
735:
A bronze statue of Leonidas was erected at Thermopylae in 1955. A sign, under the statue, reads simply: "
4432:
4973:
4554:
4427:
3560:
3555:
3531:
3441:
2958:
2056:
1779:
1744:
1587:
591:
536:
The might of bulls or lions will not restrain him with opposing strength; for he has the might of Zeus.
627:, son of Diadromes, and as Herodotus writes, "Hence they lived with the Spartans and died with them."
4912:
4855:
3811:
3614:
3599:
3521:
3456:
2776:
2671:
2145:
2079:
1982:
1842:
20:
3423:
3403:
2601:
2259:
3609:
3572:
3506:
3172:
3059:
1852:
1448:
380:. Leonidas was the second son of Anaxandridas' first wife, and either the elder brother or twin of
4892:
4016:
3816:
3801:
3604:
3587:
3567:
3536:
3436:
3372:
2988:
2973:
2943:
2904:
2781:
2633:
2135:
1471:
264:
46:
575:
scholars consider this to be an exaggeration and give estimates ranging from 70,000 to 300,000.
4943:
4850:
3853:
3624:
3582:
3516:
3481:
2933:
2917:
2613:
2554:
2403:
2398:
1526:
1489:
1422:
624:
397:
376:. However, one year after Cleomenes' birth, Anaxandridas' first wife also gave birth to a son,
356:
181:
125:
1329:
1302:
1178:
967:
4902:
4131:
4121:
4111:
4096:
3786:
3526:
3496:
3451:
3446:
3077:
3044:
2846:
2751:
2737:
2393:
2264:
2228:
1832:
1275:
1221:
926:
781:. It presents a fictionalised version of Leonidas and the Battle of Thermopylae, as does the
754:
744:
714:
604:
564:
482:
470:
432:
369:
336:
1030:
4374:
4368:
4354:
3838:
3796:
3768:
3653:
3466:
2696:
2492:
1867:
1847:
1724:
1719:
1128:
1017:
1005:
789:
608:
381:
854:
578:
8:
4933:
4505:
4475:
3863:
3758:
3753:
3190:
2505:
2418:
2388:
2342:
2105:
1769:
1734:
1679:
1664:
534:
Or if not that, then the bound of Lacedaemon must mourn a dead king, from Heracles' line.
495:
463:
1086:
4722:
4619:
4525:
4169:
4086:
3974:
3476:
3300:
2816:
2796:
2653:
2524:
2408:
2203:
2130:
1862:
544:
426:
418:
4898:
4797:
4384:
3933:
3781:
3733:
3577:
3546:
3491:
3408:
3285:
3157:
2978:
2811:
2764:
2704:
2578:
2560:
2536:
2518:
2473:
2428:
2423:
2074:
1912:
1531:
1335:
1308:
1281:
1254:
1227:
1184:
1143:
1036:
932:
834:
758:
718:
600:
499:
132:
1391:
1160:"A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), LA´BARUM, LEONIDEIA, LEONIDEIA"
538:
I declare that he will not be restrained until he utterly tears apart one of these.
384:. Leonidas' name means "descendant of Leon", and he was named after his grandfather
4727:
4259:
4224:
4041:
3898:
3776:
3663:
3658:
2983:
2938:
2769:
2676:
2292:
2125:
2110:
2100:
1987:
1592:
1509:
794:
656:
414:
365:
195:
4742:
4500:
4288:
4101:
3843:
3709:
3641:
2968:
2566:
2548:
2542:
2456:
2433:
2307:
2218:
2178:
2115:
1998:
1704:
1248:
726:
360:
279:
171:
4767:
4480:
4624:
4564:
4559:
4515:
4296:
4244:
4234:
4214:
4204:
3948:
3943:
3938:
2791:
2590:
2584:
2572:
2372:
2347:
2120:
2045:
1942:
1922:
1872:
1809:
1794:
1699:
972:
A History of Greece from the Earliest Times to the Death of Alexander the Great
740:
616:
453:
Leonidas was chosen to lead the combined Greek forces determined to resist the
385:
268:
243:
115:
99:
4927:
4860:
4777:
4752:
4442:
4364:
4046:
3989:
3888:
3878:
3848:
3830:
3704:
2856:
2638:
2530:
2486:
2448:
2287:
2208:
1972:
1957:
1927:
1799:
1759:
1754:
1626:
1223:
David Mallet, Anglo-Scot: Poetry, Patronage, and Politics in the Age of Union
1091:
1063:
825:
809:
799:
763:
503:
287:
900:
4677:
4629:
4495:
4349:
4219:
3858:
3694:
3200:
3162:
2861:
1977:
1962:
1937:
1887:
1764:
1749:
1729:
1694:
1432:
829:
817:
813:
777:
772:
321:
137:
74:
4697:
4589:
4569:
4397:
3905:
3883:
3873:
3868:
3791:
3748:
3295:
3205:
3195:
3082:
3072:
2836:
2213:
2188:
1952:
1789:
1739:
1709:
1659:
1644:
1634:
1608:
1415:
951:
Plutarch on Sparta, Sayings of Spartans, Leonidas son of Anaxandridas, #1
821:
768:
710:
689:
636:
612:
459:
404:
389:
373:
317:
309:
291:
111:
64:
35:
4402:
1100:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 455.
313:
4634:
4604:
4599:
4584:
4470:
4437:
4106:
4076:
3743:
3471:
3305:
3147:
3142:
3132:
3117:
3102:
3092:
3067:
2443:
2198:
2153:
1992:
1882:
1877:
1684:
804:
782:
736:
332:
4609:
4535:
4520:
4490:
4485:
4417:
4341:
4326:
4311:
4254:
4154:
3806:
3738:
3310:
3290:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3215:
3210:
3180:
3127:
3087:
2866:
2732:
2686:
2666:
2297:
2168:
2003:
1917:
1907:
1857:
1804:
1689:
1561:
1556:
652:
640:
556:
522:
409:
348:
4659:
4649:
4639:
4614:
4392:
4359:
4321:
4264:
4179:
4164:
4021:
4011:
3928:
3923:
3320:
3315:
3275:
3270:
3245:
3225:
3152:
3107:
3097:
2953:
2851:
2786:
2714:
2322:
1947:
1784:
1674:
1669:
1654:
1577:
1546:
1541:
1203:
1062:. New York: D. Appleman and Company. pp. bk. 7. Archived from
620:
587:
571:
518:
440:
298:
4412:
1440:
532:
Either your great and glorious city must be wasted by Persian men,
4802:
4792:
4737:
4732:
4717:
4707:
4692:
4687:
4574:
4462:
4452:
4331:
4306:
4301:
4274:
4269:
4249:
4239:
4229:
4194:
4184:
4174:
4126:
4116:
4091:
4056:
4051:
4026:
3679:
3461:
3122:
3112:
2871:
2841:
2831:
2826:
2806:
2801:
2681:
2628:
2337:
2327:
2317:
2312:
2302:
2014:
1967:
1932:
1837:
1827:
1774:
1649:
1582:
1551:
1536:
1499:
1386:
583:
560:
552:
377:
295:
156:
4747:
4061:
1055:
462:
or Leonidas' successor (as regent for his still under-aged son)
4772:
4702:
4682:
4644:
4510:
4316:
4209:
4146:
4136:
4081:
3699:
3684:
3280:
3265:
3240:
3235:
3220:
2881:
2876:
2643:
2623:
2367:
2357:
2352:
2223:
2183:
2173:
2158:
1639:
1613:
1475:
1398:
1085:
913:
The Spartans: The World of the Warrior-Heroes of Ancient Greece
548:
514:
510:
275:
95:
4782:
4757:
4654:
4594:
4579:
4447:
4407:
4159:
4071:
4066:
4036:
4031:
4006:
3689:
3230:
3185:
3137:
2709:
2661:
2362:
2332:
2279:
2254:
2193:
2163:
1494:
722:
446:
352:
320:
until his death in 480 BC, when he was succeeded by his son,
271:
247:
161:
147:
1180:
Southern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places
4787:
4762:
4712:
4199:
4189:
1277:
Masculinity and Monstrosity in Contemporary Hollywood Films
680:
547:' army at Thermopylae with a small force of 1,200 men (900
219:
213:
207:
201:
1110:
567:
were in progress or impute internal dissent and intrigue.
543:
In August 480 BC, Leonidas marched out of Sparta to meet
231:
359:
of the Spartan constitution, tried to prevail upon King
1177:
Ring, Trudy; Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul (2013).
635:
Leonidas' head cut off and put on a stake and his body
1359:
Herodotus, with an English translation by A. D. Godley
1176:
234:
222:
210:
717:(top right), and depicted on top of the monument to
403:
Leonidas was heir to the Agiad throne (successor of
228:
216:
198:
889:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 85.
204:
400:, sometime before coming to the throne in 490 BC.
1117:. New York: D. Appleton and Company. p. 438.
974:. Longmans, Green, and Company. pp. 199–206.
517:. The Oracle is said to have made the following
4925:
1226:. Associated University Presse. pp. 94–95.
498:, who chose the subject in the aftermath of the
2250:
1294:
19:"Leonidas" redirects here. For other uses, see
1321:
1267:
1240:
1170:
739:" ("Come and take them"), which was Leonidas'
436:The Spartans throw Persian envoys into a well.
2030:
1456:
1375:, New York, The Rosen Publishing Group, 2004.
1361:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1920.
331:, Leonidas led the allied Greek forces in a
1300:
788:In cinema, Leonidas has been portrayed by:
2916:
2037:
2023:
1463:
1449:
1327:
1273:
1246:
961:
959:
957:
918:
530:For you, inhabitants of wide-wayed Sparta,
1056:Herodotus (ed. George Rawlinson) (1885).
1035:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 41.
984:Jack Johnson, "David and Literature," in
655:of Leonidas survived in Sparta until the
1213:
1028:
1000:
998:
915:, New York, Vintage Books, 2002, p. 126.
869:
753:was the name of an epic poem written by
669:Battle of Thermopylae in popular culture
577:
486:
476:
431:
1331:Western Civilization: Volume A: To 1500
954:
924:
884:
301:. Leonidas I ascended to the throne in
16:King of Sparta from c. 489 BC to 480 BC
4926:
3970:
586:. Circa 500 BC–475 BC, at the time of
290:, a Spartan royal house which claimed
4827:
3969:
3398:
2902:
2249:
2069:
2018:
1444:
1301:Nikoloutsos, Konstantinos P. (2013).
1032:The Greek and Persian Wars 499–386 BC
995:
986:Jacques-Louis David: New Perspectives
4438:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
2070:
1219:
1142:, Part 12 By James Hastings p. 655.
1140:Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics
965:
828:portrayed Leonidas as a young man);
1470:
1368:, New York, Barnes and Nobles, 1967
1111:Herodotus (ed. Henry Cary) (1904).
1083:
308:, succeeding his half-brother king
13:
4984:Spartans of the Greco-Persian Wars
3399:
2044:
1508:
14:
4995:
1379:
1334:. Cengage Learning. p. 104.
1253:. Random House Publishing Group.
783:2006 feature film adapted from it
662:
455:Second Persian invasion of Greece
4907:
4897:
4888:
4887:
1397:
1385:
1307:. OUP Oxford. pp. 260–261.
699:
688:
679:
582:Achaemenid king killing a Greek
423:First Persian invasion of Greece
194:
34:
4964:Ancient Greeks killed in battle
4908:
1328:Spielvogel, Jackson J. (2014).
1197:
1152:
1133:
1121:
1104:
1077:
1049:
1022:
1010:
978:
887:A History of Sparta 950–192 B.C
945:
905:
893:
878:
860:
847:
1:
2509:
2496:
2477:
2460:
1373:Leonidas: Hero of Thermopylae
1351:
1274:Combe, K.; Boyle, B. (2013).
838:, a parody of the 2007 film.
302:
263:; died 11 August 480 BC) was
257:
88:
3637:Funeral and burial practices
2822:Military of Mycenaean Greece
1280:. Springer. pp. 83–84.
1084:Tod, Marcus Niebuhr (1911).
988:(Rosemont, 2006), pp. 85–86
928:Who's Who in the Greek World
355:, the five annually elected
7:
1304:Ancient Greek Women in Film
1247:Pressfield, Steven (2007).
10:
5000:
3561:Greek Revival architecture
2903:
1183:. Routledge. p. 695.
1114:The Histories of Herodotus
775:'s 1998 comic book series
666:
592:Metropolitan Museum of Art
480:
248:
148:
18:
4979:Monarchs killed in action
4883:
4834:
4828:
4823:
4668:
4545:
4534:
4461:
4383:
4340:
4287:
4145:
3997:
3988:
3984:
3965:
3914:
3829:
3767:
3729:
3722:
3672:
3632:
3623:
3545:
3422:
3418:
3394:
3360:
3329:
3171:
3058:
3002:
2969:Attalid kings of Pergamon
2924:
2915:
2911:
2898:
2777:Antigonid Macedonian army
2750:
2723:
2695:
2652:
2609:
2600:
2442:
2381:
2278:
2274:
2245:
2144:
2093:
2089:
2065:
2052:
1818:
1623:
1601:
1570:
1519:
1506:
1482:
1429:
1420:
1412:
1029:De Souza, Philip (2003).
931:. Routledge. p. 60.
646:
278:. He was the son of king
177:
167:
155:
143:
131:
121:
105:
84:
80:
70:
60:
52:
45:
33:
28:
21:Leonidas (disambiguation)
1059:The History of Herodotus
841:
611:led the Persian general
372:), promptly bore a son,
329:Second Greco-Persian War
109:11 August 480 BC (59–60)
4954:5th-century BC Spartans
4949:5th-century BC monarchs
1371:Morris, Ian Macgregor,
1208:Apophthegmata Laconica,
1097:Encyclopædia Britannica
968:"The death of Leonidas"
885:Forrest, W. G. (1968).
709:Statues of Leonidas at
492:Leonidas at Thermopylae
342:
3003:Artists & scholars
2918:List of ancient Greeks
2555:Second Athenian League
2404:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
2229:Ancient Greek colonies
1513:
1390:Quotations related to
966:Oman, Charles (1898).
639:. This was considered
595:
541:
506:
437:
407:) and a full citizen (
4969:Battle of Thermopylae
4959:Agiad kings of Sparta
4939:6th-century BC births
4122:Sybaris on the Traeis
2847:Sacred Band of Thebes
2587:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
2101:Cycladic civilization
1512:
1220:Jung, Sandro (2008).
1164:www.perseus.tufts.edu
901:doc=Hdt.+5.42 5.42–48
767:, and appears as the
667:Further information:
581:
527:
490:
483:Battle of Thermopylae
477:Battle of Thermopylae
471:Battle of Thermopylae
435:
413:) at the time of the
370:Seven Sages of Greece
337:Battle of Thermopylae
3647:mythological figures
3368:Ancient Greek tribes
2493:Peloponnesian League
1720:Cleombrotus (regent)
1423:Agiad King of Sparta
1406:at Wikimedia Commons
40:Monument of Leonidas
3759:Tunnel of Eupalinos
3754:Theatre of Dionysus
3378:Ancient Macedonians
2994:Tyrants of Syracuse
2506:Amphictyonic League
2106:Minoan civilization
496:Jacques-Louis David
4433:Menestheus's Limin
4087:Pandosia (Lucania)
3975:Greek colonisation
3337:Athenian statesmen
3098:Diogenes of Sinope
2959:Kings of Macedonia
2949:Kings of Commagene
2817:Macedonian phalanx
2797:Hellenistic armies
2545:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
2409:Indo-Greek Kingdom
2131:Hellenistic Greece
1821:Eurypontid dynasty
1770:Cleonymus (regent)
1735:Nicomedes (regent)
1725:Pausanias (regent)
1514:
808:, inspired by the
596:
507:
438:
294:from the mythical
4974:Culture of Greece
4921:
4920:
4879:
4878:
4819:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4385:Iberian Peninsula
4317:Lipara/Meligounis
4283:
4282:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3934:Cypriot syllabary
3825:
3824:
3734:Athenian Treasury
3718:
3717:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3385:
2979:Ptolemaic dynasty
2939:Archons of Athens
2894:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2765:Athenian military
2746:
2745:
2579:League of Corinth
2561:Thessalian League
2537:Chalcidian League
2519:Acarnanian League
2429:Ptolemaic Kingdom
2241:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2012:
2011:
1439:
1438:
1430:Succeeded by
1402:Media related to
1341:978-1-285-98299-1
1314:978-0-19-967892-1
1287:978-1-137-35982-7
1260:978-0-553-90405-5
1233:978-0-87413-005-8
1190:978-1-134-25958-8
938:978-1-134-80224-1
835:Meet the Spartans
832:in the 2008 film
802:in the 2007 film
792:in the 1962 epic
759:Steven Pressfield
719:Felice Cavallotti
500:French Revolution
187:
186:
4991:
4911:
4910:
4901:
4891:
4890:
4825:
4824:
4543:
4542:
4042:Heraclea Lucania
3995:
3994:
3986:
3985:
3967:
3966:
3727:
3726:
3659:Twelve Olympians
3630:
3629:
3420:
3419:
3396:
3395:
2984:Seleucid dynasty
2964:Kings of Paionia
2913:
2912:
2900:
2899:
2770:Scythian archers
2677:Graphe paranomon
2607:
2606:
2514:
2511:
2501:
2498:
2482:
2479:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2276:
2275:
2247:
2246:
2126:Classical Greece
2111:Mycenaean Greece
2091:
2090:
2067:
2066:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2016:
2015:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1442:
1441:
1413:Preceded by
1410:
1409:
1401:
1389:
1364:Jones, A. H. M.
1346:
1345:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1217:
1211:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1156:
1150:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1089:
1087:"Leonidas"
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
993:
982:
976:
975:
963:
952:
949:
943:
942:
922:
916:
911:Paul Cartledge,
909:
903:
897:
891:
890:
882:
876:
873:
867:
864:
858:
851:
795:The 300 Spartans
703:
692:
683:
551:and 300 Spartan
425:, that ended at
415:Battle of Sepeia
366:Chilon of Sparta
316:along with king
307:
304:
262:
259:
251:
250:
241:
240:
237:
236:
233:
230:
225:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
182:Greek polytheism
151:
150:
93:
90:
38:
26:
25:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4875:
4830:
4807:
4670:
4664:
4547:
4538:
4530:
4501:Melaina Korkyra
4457:
4379:
4336:
4289:Aeolian Islands
4279:
4141:
3999:
3980:
3979:
3953:
3910:
3821:
3763:
3714:
3668:
3619:
3541:
3532:Wedding customs
3414:
3413:
3382:
3373:Thracian Greeks
3356:
3347:Olympic victors
3325:
3167:
3054:
2998:
2989:Kings of Sparta
2974:Kings of Pontus
2944:Kings of Athens
2920:
2907:
2886:
2782:Army of Macedon
2742:
2719:
2691:
2648:
2596:
2569:(370–c. 230 BC)
2567:Arcadian League
2551:(c. 400–188 BC)
2549:Aetolian League
2543:Boeotian League
2525:Hellenic League
2512:
2499:
2489:(c. 650–404 BC)
2480:
2474:Italiote League
2467:
2463:
2457:Doric Hexapolis
2447:
2438:
2434:Seleucid Empire
2377:
2270:
2269:
2233:
2140:
2116:Greek Dark Ages
2085:
2084:
2061:
2048:
2043:
2013:
2008:
1820:
1814:
1705:Anaxandridas II
1625:
1619:
1602:Early Heraclids
1597:
1566:
1515:
1504:
1478:
1469:
1435:
1426:
1418:
1382:
1354:
1349:
1342:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1218:
1214:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1175:
1171:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1109:
1105:
1082:
1078:
1069:
1067:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1003:
996:
983:
979:
964:
955:
950:
946:
939:
923:
919:
910:
906:
898:
894:
883:
879:
874:
870:
865:
861:
857:; Jones, p. 48.
852:
848:
844:
733:
732:
731:
730:
727:Ernesto Bazzaro
713:(top left), in
706:
705:
704:
695:
694:
693:
685:
684:
671:
665:
649:
540:
537:
535:
533:
531:
504:heroically nude
485:
479:
361:Anaxandridas II
345:
305:
280:Anaxandridas II
260:
227:
197:
193:
172:Anaxandridas II
110:
94:
91:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4997:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4905:
4895:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4821:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4674:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4551:
4549:
4540:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4467:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4389:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4346:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4235:Megara Hyblaea
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4215:Hybla Gereatis
4212:
4207:
4205:Heraclea Minoa
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3992:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3971:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3949:Attic numerals
3946:
3944:Greek numerals
3941:
3939:Greek alphabet
3936:
3931:
3926:
3920:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3835:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3773:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3639:
3633:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3593:Musical system
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3552:
3550:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3025:Mathematicians
3022:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2934:Kings of Argos
2930:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2909:
2908:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2792:Cretan archers
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2762:
2756:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2591:Achaean League
2588:
2585:Euboean League
2582:
2576:
2573:Epirote League
2570:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2521:(c. 500–31 BC)
2516:
2503:
2490:
2484:
2471:
2453:
2451:
2449:Confederations
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2373:Lissus (Crete)
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2284:
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2272:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2243:
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2239:
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2235:
2234:
2232:
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2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2121:Archaic Greece
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2046:Ancient Greece
2042:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1943:Archidamus III
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1923:Leotychidas II
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1873:Anaxandridas I
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1810:Agesipolis III
1807:
1802:
1797:
1795:Cleombrotus II
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1621:
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1611:
1605:
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1599:
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1460:
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1428:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1395:
1381:
1380:External links
1378:
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1120:
1103:
1092:Chisholm, Hugh
1076:
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1021:
1009:
994:
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937:
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892:
877:
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859:
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843:
840:
755:Richard Glover
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707:
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686:
678:
677:
676:
675:
674:
664:
663:Modern culture
661:
648:
645:
607:traitor named
528:
481:Main article:
478:
475:
386:Leon of Sparta
357:administrators
344:
341:
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58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
47:King of Sparta
43:
42:
39:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4996:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4944:480 BC deaths
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4914:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4894:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4826:
4822:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4667:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4544:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4413:Hemeroscopion
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3990:Magna Graecia
3987:
3983:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3864:Arcadocypriot
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3818:
3817:Zeus, Olympia
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3802:Hera, Olympia
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3705:Mount Olympus
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:Sacred places
3671:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3497:Olympic Games
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3487:Homosexuality
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2857:Seleucid army
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2531:Delian League
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2507:
2504:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2487:Ionian League
2485:
2475:
2472:
2468: 560 BC
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2209:Magna Graecia
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2035:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1973:Eudamidas III
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:Archidamus IV
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1928:Archidamus II
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1903:Hippocratidas
1901:
1899:
1898:Leotychidas I
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:Cleomenes III
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:Agesipolis II
1758:
1756:
1755:Cleombrotus I
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1627:Agiad dynasty
1622:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:Lacedaemonids
1518:
1511:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1343:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1324:
1316:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1297:
1289:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1262:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1250:Gates of Fire
1243:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1216:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1192:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1148:0-567-09489-8
1145:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1116:
1115:
1107:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1080:
1066:on 2009-12-17
1065:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1044:
1042:9781841763583
1038:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
999:
991:
987:
981:
973:
969:
962:
960:
958:
948:
940:
934:
930:
929:
921:
914:
908:
902:
896:
888:
881:
872:
863:
856:
850:
846:
839:
837:
836:
831:
827:
826:Tyler Neitzel
823:
819:
815:
811:
810:graphic novel
807:
806:
801:
800:Gerard Butler
797:
796:
791:
786:
784:
780:
779:
774:
770:
766:
765:
764:Gates of Fire
760:
756:
752:
748:
746:
742:
741:laconic reply
738:
728:
725:, created by
724:
720:
716:
712:
702:
691:
682:
673:
670:
660:
658:
654:
644:
642:
638:
632:
628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:the Immortals
593:
589:
585:
580:
576:
573:
568:
566:
565:Olympic Games
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
539:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
484:
474:
472:
467:
465:
461:
456:
451:
449:
448:
442:
434:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
411:
406:
401:
399:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
358:
354:
350:
347:According to
340:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
314:ruled jointly
311:
306: 489 BC
300:
297:
293:
289:
288:Agiad dynasty
285:
281:
277:
273:
270:
269:Ancient Greek
266:
261: 540 BC
255:
245:
239:
191:
183:
180:
176:
173:
170:
166:
163:
160:
158:
154:
146:
142:
139:
136:
134:
130:
127:
124:
120:
117:
113:
108:
104:
101:
97:
92: 540 BC
87:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
55:
51:
48:
44:
37:
32:
27:
22:
4708:Dionysopolis
4678:Abonoteichos
4630:Pantikapaion
4220:Hybla Heraea
3556:Architecture
3512:Prostitution
3201:Aristophanes
3060:Philosophers
3030:Philosophers
2862:Spartan army
2593:(280–146 BC)
2581:(338–322 BC)
2575:(370–168 BC)
2563:(374–196 BC)
2557:(378–355 BC)
2539:(430–348 BC)
2533:(478–404 BC)
2527:(499–449 BC)
2214:Peloponnesus
2136:Roman Greece
1978:Archidamus V
1963:Eudamidas II
1938:Agesilaus II
1888:Archidamus I
1765:Cleomenes II
1750:Agesipolis I
1730:Pleistarchus
1714:
1695:Eurycratides
1433:Pleistarchus
1421:
1394:at Wikiquote
1372:
1365:
1358:
1330:
1323:
1303:
1296:
1276:
1269:
1249:
1242:
1222:
1215:
1207:
1199:
1179:
1172:
1163:
1154:
1139:
1135:
1123:
1113:
1106:
1095:
1079:
1068:. Retrieved
1064:the original
1058:
1051:
1031:
1024:
1012:
989:
985:
980:
971:
947:
927:
920:
912:
907:
895:
886:
880:
871:
862:
849:
833:
830:Sean Maguire
818:Frank Miller
803:
793:
790:Richard Egan
787:
776:
773:Frank Miller
762:
750:
749:
734:
672:
657:Antonine era
650:
641:sacrilegious
633:
629:
605:Malian Greek
597:
569:
542:
529:
508:
491:
468:
452:
445:
439:
408:
402:
394:
368:(one of the
346:
326:
322:Pleistarchus
286:king of the
253:
189:
188:
138:Pleistarchus
75:Pleistarchus
4856:Place names
4768:Salmydessus
4590:Kalos Limen
4570:Chersonesus
4560:Borysthenes
4265:Tauromenion
4077:Metapontion
3839:Proto-Greek
3792:Erechtheion
3787:Athena Nike
3749:Philippeion
3578:Mathematics
3549:and science
3432:Agriculture
3296:Stesichorus
3206:Bacchylides
3196:Archilochus
3083:Antisthenes
3073:Anaximander
3045:Seven Sages
3035:Playwrights
3015:Geographers
3010:Astronomers
2837:Pezhetairos
2464: 1100
2444:Federations
2343:Megalopolis
2280:City states
2255:City states
1953:Eudamidas I
1790:Leonidas II
1740:Pleistoanax
1710:Cleomenes I
1660:Agesilaus I
1645:Echestratus
1635:Eurysthenes
1609:Aristodemus
1427:489–480 BC
1416:Cleomenes I
1357:Herodotus,
1127:Herodotus,
1016:Herodotus,
1004:Herodotus,
899:Herodotus,
853:Herodotus,
822:Lynn Varley
769:protagonist
711:Thermopylae
473:in 480 BC.
460:Leotychidas
405:Cleomenes I
390:Doric Greek
382:Cleombrotus
318:Leotychidas
310:Cleomenes I
112:Thermopylae
65:Cleomenes I
61:Predecessor
4934:Leonidas I
4928:Categories
4758:Polemonion
4635:Phanagoria
4605:Kimmerikon
4600:Kerkinitis
4585:Hermonassa
4575:Dioscurias
4471:Aspalathos
4418:Kalathousa
4393:Akra Leuke
4322:Phoenicusa
4107:Scylletium
4092:Poseidonia
4012:Brentesion
3899:Pamphylian
3894:Macedonian
3812:Samothrace
3797:Hephaestus
3744:Long Walls
3723:Structures
3664:Underworld
3610:Technology
3573:Literature
3507:Philosophy
3472:Euergetism
3361:By culture
3306:Thucydides
3148:Pythagoras
3143:Protagoras
3133:Parmenides
3118:Heraclitus
3103:Empedocles
3093:Democritus
3078:Anaximenes
3068:Anaxagoras
3020:Historians
2513: 595
2500: 550
2481: 800
2466: – c.
2394:Cappadocia
2199:Ionian Sea
2189:Hellespont
2154:Aegean Sea
1993:Machanidas
1883:Anaxidamus
1878:Zeuxidamus
1868:Theopompus
1848:Polydectes
1715:Leonidas I
1685:Eurycrates
1527:Lacedaemon
1404:Leonidas I
1392:Leonidas I
1352:References
1070:2010-03-21
875:Morris, 35
737:ΜΟΛΩΝ ΛΑΒΕ
625:Demophilus
494:(1814) by
429:(490 BC).
333:last stand
272:city-state
190:Leonidas I
56:489–480 BC
29:Leonidas I
4844:in Epirus
4793:Trapezous
4738:Mesambria
4723:Eupatoria
4693:Apollonia
4688:Anchialos
4650:Theodosia
4620:Nymphaion
4610:Myrmekion
4580:Gorgippia
4536:Black Sea
4521:Tragurion
4506:Nymphaion
4491:Epidauros
4486:Epidamnos
4476:Apollonia
4453:Zacynthos
4375:Ptolemais
4369:Apollonia
4342:Cyrenaica
4332:Therassía
4327:Strongyle
4307:Ereikousa
4230:Leontinoi
4170:Apollonia
4047:Hipponion
3844:Mycenaean
3807:Parthenon
3739:Lion Gate
3642:Mythology
3605:Sculpture
3568:Astronomy
3502:Pederasty
3477:Festivals
3462:Education
3342:Lawgivers
3311:Timocreon
3291:Sophocles
3286:Simonides
3261:Philocles
3256:Panyassis
3251:Mimnermus
3216:Herodotus
3211:Euripides
3181:Aeschylus
3128:Leucippus
3088:Aristotle
2867:Strategos
2733:Synedrion
2687:Ostracism
2667:Areopagus
2619:Free city
2414:Macedonia
2298:Byzantion
2204:Macedonia
2169:Cyrenaica
2146:Geography
2080:Geography
2004:Laconicus
1918:Demaratus
1908:Agasicles
1858:Charilaus
1819:Heraclids
1805:Eucleidas
1780:Acrotatus
1745:Pausanias
1690:Anaxander
1680:Polydorus
1665:Archelaus
1624:Heraclids
1588:Tisamenus
1562:Hippocoon
1557:Tyndareus
990:et passim
814:same name
761:'s novel
747:in 1968.
653:hero cult
637:crucified
621:Thespians
609:Ephialtes
572:perioikoi
557:Herodotus
523:hexameter
464:Pausanias
374:Cleomenes
349:Herodotus
71:Successor
4893:Category
4871:Theatres
4798:Tripolis
4733:Kerasous
4728:Heraclea
4660:Tyritake
4615:Nikonion
4526:Thronion
4448:Salauris
4403:Emporion
4360:Berenice
4350:Balagrae
4302:Euonymos
4275:Tyndaris
4260:Syracuse
4255:Selinous
4225:Kamarina
4180:Casmenae
4165:Akrillai
4082:Neápolis
4017:Caulonia
3998:Mainland
3929:Linear B
3924:Linear A
3854:Dialects
3831:Language
3625:Religion
3583:Medicine
3517:Religion
3482:Folklore
3467:Emporium
3442:Clothing
3437:Calendar
3321:Xenophon
3316:Tyrtaeus
3301:Theognis
3276:Polybius
3271:Plutarch
3246:Menander
3226:Hipponax
3153:Socrates
3108:Epicurus
2954:Diadochi
2852:Sciritae
2812:Hetairoi
2787:Ballista
2752:Military
2715:Gerousia
2705:Ekklesia
2672:Ecclesia
2654:Athenian
2602:Politics
2515:–279 BC)
2502:–366 BC)
2483:–389 BC)
2419:Pergamon
2389:Bithynia
2382:Kingdoms
2323:Pergamon
2265:Military
2260:Politics
2057:Timeline
1995:(regent)
1983:Lycurgus
1948:Agis III
1893:Anaxilas
1863:Nicander
1843:Prytanis
1785:Areus II
1675:Alcmenes
1670:Teleclus
1655:Doryssus
1616:(regent)
1578:Menelaus
1547:Perieres
1542:Cynortas
1483:Lelegids
1204:Plutarch
751:Leonidas
729:in 1906.
619:and 700
613:Hydarnes
588:Xerxes I
553:hoplites
519:prophecy
441:Plutarch
427:Marathon
417:against
299:Heracles
282:and the
254:Leōnídas
249:Λεωνίδας
178:Religion
149:Λεωνίδᾱς
4913:Outline
4866:Temples
4803:Zaliche
4783:Thèrmae
4773:Sesamus
4743:Odessos
4718:Cytorus
4713:Cotyora
4463:Illyria
4428:Mainake
4423:Kypsela
4312:Hycesia
4270:Thermae
4250:Segesta
4240:Messana
4195:Helorus
4175:Calacte
4155:Akragas
4117:Sybaris
4102:Rhegion
4057:Krimisa
4007:Alision
3916:Writing
3889:Locrian
3879:Epirote
3849:Homeric
3782:Artemis
3769:Temples
3710:Olympia
3680:Eleusis
3615:Theatre
3600:Pottery
3527:Warfare
3522:Slavery
3457:Economy
3452:Cuisine
3447:Coinage
3424:Society
3409:Culture
3404:Society
3352:Tyrants
3191:Alcaeus
3173:Authors
3123:Hypatia
3113:Gorgias
3050:Writers
2872:Toxotai
2842:Sarissa
2832:Peltast
2827:Phalanx
2807:Hoplite
2802:Hippeis
2725:Macedon
2697:Spartan
2682:Heliaia
2629:Proxeny
2338:Larissa
2333:Kerkyra
2328:Eretria
2318:Miletus
2313:Ephesus
2308:Corinth
2303:Chalcis
2224:Taurica
2094:Periods
2075:History
1968:Agis IV
1933:Agis II
1913:Ariston
1853:Eunomus
1838:Eurypon
1828:Procles
1775:Areus I
1650:Labotas
1583:Orestes
1571:Atreids
1552:Oebalus
1537:Argalus
1532:Amyclas
1500:Eurotas
1094:(ed.).
855:5.39–41
812:of the
617:Thebans
584:hoplite
561:Carneia
525:verse:
458:either
410:homoios
378:Dorieus
335:at the
327:At the
296:demigod
292:descent
267:of the
256:; born
122:Consort
4903:Portal
4851:People
4839:Cities
4778:Sinope
4763:Rhizos
4753:Phasis
4703:Bathus
4698:Athina
4683:Amisos
4645:Tanais
4640:Pityus
4565:Charax
4516:Pharos
4511:Orikon
4408:Helike
4398:Alonis
4365:Cyrene
4297:Didyme
4210:Himera
4185:Catana
4147:Sicily
4137:Thurii
4132:Terina
4097:Pixous
4052:Hydrus
4027:Croton
3859:Aeolic
3777:Aphaea
3700:Dodona
3685:Delphi
3654:Temple
3330:Others
3281:Sappho
3266:Pindar
3241:Lucian
3236:Ibycus
3221:Hesiod
3158:Thales
2926:Rulers
2905:People
2882:Xyston
2877:Xiphos
2738:Koinon
2644:Tyrant
2634:Stasis
2624:Koinon
2424:Pontus
2399:Epirus
2368:Sparta
2358:Rhodes
2353:Megara
2348:Thebes
2293:Athens
2219:Pontus
2184:Epirus
2174:Cyprus
2159:Aeolis
1988:Pelops
1640:Agis I
1614:Theras
1476:Sparta
1366:Sparta
1338:
1311:
1284:
1257:
1230:
1187:
1146:
1039:
935:
745:Sparta
715:Sparta
647:Legacy
549:helots
545:Xerxes
515:Delphi
511:Oracle
388:. The
353:ephors
276:Sparta
168:Father
116:Greece
100:Greece
96:Sparta
4861:Stoae
4829:Lists
4748:Oinòe
4671:coast
4669:South
4655:Tyras
4625:Olbia
4595:Kepoi
4548:coast
4546:North
4539:basin
4481:Aulon
4443:Rhode
4355:Barca
4245:Naxos
4200:Henna
4160:Akrai
4127:Taras
4112:Siris
4072:Medma
4067:Locri
4032:Cumae
4022:Chone
4000:Italy
3906:Koine
3884:Ionic
3874:Doric
3869:Attic
3690:Delos
3588:Music
3231:Homer
3186:Aesop
3138:Plato
3040:Poets
2710:Ephor
2662:Agora
2639:Tagus
2614:Boule
2363:Samos
2288:Argos
2194:Ionia
2179:Doris
2164:Crete
1999:Nabis
1495:Myles
1490:Lelex
1472:Kings
1210:225c.
1129:7.238
1090:. In
1018:7:206
1006:7.220
842:Notes
723:Milan
447:agoge
419:Argos
398:Gorgo
312:. He
244:Greek
162:Agiad
157:House
144:Greek
133:Issue
126:Gorgo
53:Reign
4788:Tium
4555:Akra
4496:Issa
4190:Gela
4062:Laüs
4037:Elea
3695:Dion
3547:Arts
3537:Wine
3163:Zeno
2760:Wars
1833:Soos
1700:Leon
1593:Dion
1336:ISBN
1309:ISBN
1282:ISBN
1255:ISBN
1228:ISBN
1185:ISBN
1144:ISBN
1037:ISBN
933:ISBN
820:and
599:as "
343:Life
284:17th
265:king
106:Died
85:Born
3492:Law
1474:of
816:by
805:300
778:300
771:of
721:in
521:in
513:at
324:.
274:of
4930::
2510:c.
2497:c.
2478:c.
2461:c.
1206:,
1162:.
997:^
970:.
956:^
798:;
785:.
651:A
643:.
590:.
303:c.
258:c.
252:,
246::
242:;
226:,-
214:aɪ
114:,
98:,
89:c.
4371:)
4367:(
2508:(
2495:(
2476:(
2470:)
2459:(
2446:/
2038:e
2031:t
2024:v
1464:e
1457:t
1450:v
1344:.
1317:.
1290:.
1263:.
1236:.
1193:.
1166:.
1073:.
1045:.
992:.
941:.
824:(
594:.
238:/
235:s
232:æ
229:d
223:s
220:ə
217:d
211:n
208:ə
205:ˈ
202:i
199:l
196:/
192:(
23:.
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