1328:
969:. According to Appian and Plutarch Lucullus had 30,000 infantry and 1,600-2,500 cavalry while Mithridates was rumoured to have as many as 300,000 men in his force. Since Mithridates had superior numbers Lucullus refused to give battle, he decided to starve his enemy into submission. Lucullus blockaded Mithridates' huge army on the Cyzicus peninsula and let famine and plague do his work for him. Mithridates was able to escape Lucullus's siege, but most of his soldiers perished at Cyzicus.
1417:, so radical in its sceptical stance that Antiochos was sufficiently disturbed to doubt the attribution of authorship to his old teacher. But more recent pupils of Philo, chiefly Herakleitos of Tyre, were able to assure him of the book's authenticity. Antiochos and Herakleitos dissected it at length in Lucullus' presence, and in the ensuing weeks while the Roman party continued to await the arrival of the king from the south, Antiochos composed a vigorous polemic against Philo entitled
739:, he went to Rhodos (Rome's naval ally). The Rhodians supplied him with additional ships. Rhodos was famous for its naval strength and the marine acumen of its sailors; the Rhodian contingent would turn out to be a most welcome aid. In the waters near Rhodos Lucullus' fleet defeated a Mithridatic contingent. He then secured Cnidus and Cos, drove the Mithridatic military from Chios, and attacked Samos. From there he would work his way North. Lucullus won another victory off
1035:
49:
1340:
Pompey and Cicero to allow that he specify which room he would be dining in. He ordered that his slaves serve him in the Apollo Room, knowing that his service staff was schooled ahead of time as to the specific details of service he expected for each of his particular dining rooms: as the standard amount specified to be outlaid for any given dinner in the Apollo room was the large sum of 50,000
1147:. The long campaigning and hardships that Lucullus' troops had endured for years, combined with a perceived lack of reward in the form of plunder, had caused increasing insubordination. The more daring and ruthless veterans had probably been further encouraged by Lucullus' relatively mild acceptance of their first open mutiny in the Tablelands the previous autumn -especially the so-called
1433:
cause, hinting that his alleged precipitous mental decline (and his concomitant withdrawal from public affairs) may have been at least in part conveniently feigned in self-protection against the rise to power of his political opponents, such as the popular party, during a time in which the political stakes were often life and death. Lucullus' brother Marcus oversaw his funeral.
1024:), something received as an insult, and probably intended as such in order to provoke the proud Armenian monarch to war. Keaveney argues against such an interpretation, arguing that Lucullus was acting as a typical philhellene with no empathy towards the sensibilities of non-Greeks. However, this is refuted by Lucullus' conduct during his administration of Africa (
1099:
equinox his army mutinied and refused to advance any further. Lucullus led them back south to the warmer climes of northern
Mesopotamia and had no trouble from his troops there despite setting them the difficult task of capturing the great Armenian fortress of Nisibis, which was quickly stormed and made the Roman base for the winter of 68–67 BC.
1339:
Once, Cicero and Pompey succeeded in inviting themselves to dinner with
Lucullus, but, curious to see what sort of meal Lucullus ate when alone, forbade him to communicate with his slaves regarding any preparation of the meal for his guests. However, Lucullus outsmarted them, and succeeded in getting
1216:
quitted and abandoned public affairs, either because he saw that they were already beyond proper control and diseased, or, as some say, because he had his fill of glory, and felt that the unfortunate issue of his many struggles and toils entitled him to fall back upon a life of ease and luxury... in
1186:
The opposition to him continued on his return. In his absence Pompey had shamefully usurped control over Sulla's children, contrary to the father's testament, and now in
Pompeius' absence the latter's intimate and hereditary political ally Gaius Memmius co-ordinated the opposition to Lucullus' claim
705:
was drawing towards a successful conclusion, Sulla's strategic attention began to focus more widely on subsequent operations against the main Pontic forces, and combating
Mithridates' control of the sea lanes. He sent Lucullus to collect such a fleet as might be possible from Rome's allies along the
1432:
reports that
Lucullus lost his mind towards the end of his life, intermittently developing signs of insanity as he aged. Plutarch, however, seems to be somewhat ambivalent as to whether the apparent madness was actually the result of the administration of a purported love potion or other explicable
830:, the former of whom was always eager to avoid administrative responsibilities of any sort in the provinces, while Pompey rejected every aspect of a normal career, seeking great military commands at every opportunity which suited him, while refusing to undertake normal duties in peaceful provinces.
726:
where the famous
Hellenic colony in Africa was in dire condition following a vicious and exhausting civil war of nearly seven years' duration. Lucullus' arrival seems to have put a belated end to this terrible conflict, as the first official Roman presence there since the departure of the proconsul
779:
Mytilene, capital of the island of Lesbos, rebelled during
Lucullus administration of Asia. Lucullus tried to solve the conflict through diplomacy, but eventually he launched an attack on the city state, defeated her militia in a pitched battle in front of her walls and started a siege. After some
1098:
took place near the River
Arsanias, where Lucullus once again routed the Armenian royal army. However, he had misjudged the time needed for a campaign so far into the Armenian Tablelands, where the good weather was unusually short lived, and when the first snows fell around the time of the autumn
1159:. Instigated by Clodius, a series of demonstrations against the commander took place in his absence and by the time of his return he had largely lost control of his army and could not conduct further offensive operations. In addition Mithridates had returned to Pontus during the same winter, and
1102:
That winter
Lucullus left his army at Nisibis and, taking a small, but apparently highly mobile, escort, journeyed to Syria in an attempt to permanently exclude Tigranes from all his southern possessions. Syria had been an Armenian province since 83 BC. About a decade later the dispossessed
1066:
of
October according to the reckoning of the time (or October 6), which is Julian October 16, 69 BC. Tigranes retired to the northern regions of his kingdom to gather another army and defend his hereditary capital of Artaxata, while Lucullus moved off south-eastwards to the kingdom of the
2051:
That is, C. Memmius L. f. (tr.pl.66, pr.58) a notable orator and patron of the "modern" poets. He had married Sulla's daughter Fausta c. 70 BC, while his homonymous first-cousin C. Memmius had been the husband of Pompey's sister until killed in battle in Spain in
1003:. He did not pursue Mithridates immediately, but instead he finished conquering the kingdom of Pontus and setting the affairs of Asia into order. His attempts to reform the rapacious Roman administration in Asia made him increasingly unpopular among the powerful
1347:
On another occasion, the tale runs that his steward, hearing that he would have no guests for dinner, served only one not especially impressive course. Lucullus reprimanded him saying, "What, did not you know, then, that today Lucullus dines with Lucullus?"
1217:
the life of Lucullus, as in an ancient comedy, one reads in the first part of political measures and military commands, and in the latter part of drinking bouts, and banquets, and what might pass for revel-routs, and torch-races, and all manner of frivolity.
247:
Lucullus returned to Rome from the east with so much captured booty that the vast sums of treasure, jewels, priceless works of art, and slaves could not be fully accounted for. On his return Lucullus poured enormous sums into private building projects,
1167:
Despite his continuous success in battle, Lucullus had still not captured either one of the monarchs. In 66 BC, with the majority of Lucullus' troops now openly refusing to obey his commands, but agreeing to defend Roman positions from attack, the
999:(which was allied to Rome by now) into Pontus. He was wary of drawing into a direct engagement with Mithridates, due to the latter's superior cavalry. However, after several small battles and many skirmishes, Lucullus finally defeated him at the
758:
to Asia. After a peace had been agreed, Lucullus stayed in Asia and collected the financial penalty Sulla imposed upon the province for its revolt. Lucullus, however, tried to lessen the burden that these impositions created.
1479:: also notorious for her loose morals, as she cheated on him, he forced himself to stay with her out of respect for her half-brother Cato. They had a son named Marcus. When he died he made Cato the guardian of the boy.
807:, which probably lasted the usual two-year span for this province in the post-Sullan period. Plutarch's biography entirely ignores this period, 78 BC to 75 BC, jumping from Sulla's death to Lucullus' consulate. However
1871:, pp 45-46. Enabling Pompey to continue fighting Sertorius, and keeping Pompey from returning to Rome and interfering with Lucullus's plans; Lucullus feared Pompey would usurp the command against Mithridates of Pontus.
2163:. Plutarch goes on to say that Pompey and Cicero were less impressed about the total amount of the expense for the meal than that Lucullus could and would drop such a sum in such a quick and easy routine manner.
1163:
the garrison force Lucullus had left there under his legates Sornatius Barba and Fabius Hadrianus. Lucullus was left with no choice but to retreat to Pontus and Cappadocia and did so in the spring of 67 BC.
718:) and three light Rhodian biremes, hoping to evade the prevailing sea power of the Pontic fleets and their piratic allies by speed and taking advantage of the worst sailing conditions. He initially made
1452:
the consul of 79 BC) at the earliest 76 BC. With her he had a daughter and possibly a homonymous son. He divorced her about the year 66 BC, on his return to Rome after friction in Asia with her brother,
243:
in Armenian Arzanene in 69 BC. His command style received unusually favourable attention from ancient military experts, and his campaigns appear to have been studied as examples of skillful generalship.
767:
Lucullus is noted for his magnanimous administration of Asia province; he managed to calm Rome's resentful, near rebellious, Asian subjects and establish a modicum of peace. When Asia's Roman governor,
957:. Lucullus had to fight Mithridates by land and sea therefore he assembled a large army and also raised a fleet amongst the Greek cities of Asia. With this fleet he defeated the enemy's fleet off
1127:
accompanied him on this journey and died at Antioch. However, in his absence his authority over his army at Nisibis was seriously undermined by the youngest and wildest of the Claudian brothers,
1386:
Lucullus was extremely well educated in Latin and Greek, and showed a keen interest in literature and philosophy from earliest adulthood. He established lifelong friendships with the Greek poet
1090:
In the summer of 68 BC Lucullus resumed the war against Tigranes, crossing the Anti-Taurus Range in a long march through very difficult mountain country directed at the old Armenian capital
780:
time Lucullus pretended to give up on the siege and sailed away. When the Mytileneans entered the remnants of his camp, Lucullus ambushed them, killing 500 of the enemy and enslaving 6,000.
674:
In autumn of the same year Sulla sent Lucullus ahead to Greece to assess the situation while he himself oversaw the embarkation of his army. Lucullus arrived in Greece and took over from
512:
Lucullus was included in the biographical collections of Roman leading generals and politicians, originating in the biographical compendium of famous Romans published by his contemporary
2329:, Vol.I, Fasc.1 (Teubner, Leipzig, 4th edition, 1969), I: ΘΗΣΕΥΣ ΚΑΙ ΡΩΜΥΛΟΣ, II: ΣΟΛΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΠΟΠΛΙΚΟΛΑΣ, III: ΘΕΜΙΣΤΟΚΛΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΑΜΙΛΛΟΣ, IV: ΑΡΙΣΤΕΙΔΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΑΤΩΝ, V: ΚΙΜΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΛΕΥΚΟΛΛΟΣ.
815:". This command is significant in showing Lucullus performing the regular, less glamorous, administrative duties of a public career in the customary sequence and, given his renown as a
1107:
princes had spent two years in Rome (one of them probably during Lucullus's consulship in 74 BC) lobbying the Senate and Roman aristocracy to make them (as legitimate Seleucids with a
1079:
empires. During the winter of 69–68 BC both sides opened negotiations with the Parthian king, Arsaces XVI, who was presently defending himself against a major onslaught from his rival
256:
projects, which shocked and amazed his contemporaries by their magnitude. He also patronized the arts and sciences lavishly, transforming his hereditary estate in the highlands of
2405:, II 1.14, 2.4 (Tigranocerta), II 5.30 (Pontic assassination attempt 72 BC), II 7.8 (Macedonian cavalry during Cabira campaign), III 13.6 (swimming messenger at siege of Cyzicus)
1421:, which marked his definitive break with Philo's so-called "Sceptical Academy", and the beginning of the separate, more conservative, school eventually called the Old Academy.
811:
briefly mentions his praetorship followed by the African command, while the surviving Latin biography, far briefer but more even as biography than Plutarch, comments that he "
727:
Caius Claudius Pulcher, who presided over its initial administrative incorporation into the Roman Republic in 94 BC. He then sailed to Egypt to try and secure ships from king
731:. In Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt's capital, he was well received, but there would be no aid or help. Ptolemy had decided to sail a safe course between Rome and Pontus. From
416:
324:
992:; Lucullus then sent infantry by land across Neae to their rear, killing many and forcing the rest back to sea. Lucullus sunk or captured 32 ships of the royal fleet.
2976:
1530:. The relief at the base represents a lictor's axe, and the costume is that of the lictors on the Arch of Trajan at Beneventum," observed G. Hauser, in
822:
In these respects his early career demonstrates a generous and just nature, but also his political traditionalism in contrast to contemporaries such as
671:). Lucullus was probably the Quaestor mentioned as the sole officer in Sulla's army who could stomach accompanying the Consul when he marched on Rome.
2224:
The Villa and Tomb of Lucullus at TusculumAuthor(s): George McCracken American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1942), pp. 325-340
1115:. Though these brothers left Rome empty handed in about 72 BC, their plight was not forgotten and Lucullus now elevated one of them as king of Syria:
953:, veterans from the previous Mithridatic Wars, waiting for him. Upon hearing the news of Cotta's defeat he set out to relieve the besieged Cotta in
833:
Two other notable transactions took place in 76 or 75 BC following Lucullus' return from Africa: his marriage to Claudia, the youngest daughter of
616:
family at the height of its success and influence in the last quarter of the 2nd century BC when Lucullus was born. She was the youngest child of
409:
317:
2911:
2800:
2758:
1566:
Cassius Dio XXXVI. In captured correspondence of Mithradates VI Eupator, Lucullus was rated as the outstanding general since Alexander (Cicero
1152:
231:. In culmination of over 20 years of almost continuous military and government service, he conquered the eastern kingdoms in the course of the
1401:
During his long delay in the royal palace at Alexandria in the summer of 86 BC Lucullus witnessed the beginning of the major schism in the
949:
province. He initially planned to march from Asia to western Cilicia and invade Pontus from the south. In Asia province he found the two
543:, of late and unknown authorship, the main sources for which appear to go back to Varro and his most significant successor in the genre,
402:
368:
310:
1327:
685:
When Sulla arrived with the main army, Lucullus served him as a quaestor again; he minted money that was used during the war against
578:
116:
24:
1367:
for gastronomic purposes in every season, having his own fattening coops. Cicero once called Lucullus 'Piscinarius' - fish fancier.
1221:
He used the vast treasure he amassed during his wars in the East to live a life of luxury. He had several known luxurious villas:
984:. The main Pontic force, however, had drawn their ships to shore at a site difficult of approach, the small island of Neae between
849:
804:
570:
287:
is sometimes incorrectly appended to his name in modern texts. In ancient sources it is attributed only to his consular colleague
3699:
1156:
834:
274:
to refer to him as "Xerxes in a Toga". He died during the winter of 57–56 BC and was buried at the family estate near Tusculum.
3664:
1449:
1011:
769:
647:
Lucullus possibly served as military tribune in 89 BC; Plutarch notes that he served as an officer under Sulla during the
1405:
in the 1st century BC, the so-called Sosos Affair. His friend and companion Antiochos of Ascalon received, evidently from the
3659:
3236:
3163:
2939:
2831:
1135:, who was eager to succeed Lucullus in the Mithridatic War command. Although a brother-in-law of Lucullus, Clodius was also
1018:
to demand the surrender of the Pontic king. In the letter conveyed by Appius, Lucullus addressed Tigranes simply as "king" (
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3226:
1468:
869:
629:
625:
288:
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3556:
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included fish ponds and man-made extensions into the sea, and was only one of many elite senators' villas around the
747:
1660:
I, 57 records the bare facts without giving names. The suggestion that this quaestor was Lucullus was first made by
1363:
to Rome, developing major facilities for aquaculture, and being the only person in Rome with the ability to provide
3215:
2299:
1201:) required to hold a triumph was delayed for three years. In this period Lucullus was forced to reside outside the
617:
3240:
2808:
793:
450:
3649:
2424:
Memnon, history of Herakleia Pontike, 9th century epitome in the ΒΙΒΛΙΟΘΗΚΗ of Photius of Byzantium (codex 224)
2435:
689:
in southern Greece (87-86 BC). The money Lucullus minted, as per Roman custom, bore his name: the so called
3193:
2655:
1195:, and the antagonism towards Lucullus aroused by the Pompeians proved so effective that the enabling law (
2614:
2172:"Quid ais, inquit iratus Lucullus, au nesciebas Lucullum hodie cenaturum esse apud Lucullum?", Plutarch,
1472:
1460:
440:
373:
103:
2573:
1344:, Cicero and Pompey found themselves a short time later dining upon a most unexpectedly luxurious meal.
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3476:
3316:
873:
641:
500:
348:
2931:
Themes, character, and politics in Plutarch's Life of Lucullus: the construction of a Roman aristocrat
976:, but Lucullus led his fleet against them. He captured a detachment of 13 ships between the island of
3467:
3358:
3344:
1394:, who migrated to Rome around 102 BC, and with one of the leading academic philosophers of the time,
751:
648:
455:
378:
31:
3145:
706:
eastern Mediterranean seaboard, first to the important but currently disturbed states of Cyrene and
270:
in Rome, and became a cultural innovator in the deployment of imperial wealth. His achievements led
3674:
924:
686:
358:
20:
3391:
3369:
2276:
1557:, pp. 113–14 who settles on 118 BC as the most likely year, with 117 a marginal possibility.
1454:
1128:
363:
2061:
Servius, ad Aeneid I.161, quotes from a written version of the fourth. There may have been more.
1212:, he did act in some issues) he mostly retired to extravagant leisure, or, in Plutarch's words:
3644:
3639:
3565:
3400:
3263:
1387:
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He finally held his triumph in 63 BC thanks in small part to the political maneuvering of both
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773:
513:
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965:. On land, through careful manoeuvring and trickery, he was able to trap Mithridates' army at
3669:
2421:(Corpus Scriptorum Latinorum Paravianum, Torino, 1953; 4th edition, 1976), 307-9 (Orator #90)
1406:
1031:), the period of his career most conspicuously missing from the Greek biography by Plutarch.
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679:
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426:
334:
232:
163:
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1526:. 1875, PI. Ill, is not a portrait of L. Licinius Lucullus or even of an admiral, but of a
1395:
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1124:
544:
383:
153:
1054:
rebellion in Syria with an experienced army which Lucullus nonetheless annihilated at the
8:
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1226:
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1112:
1058:. This battle was fought on the same (pre-Julian) calendar date as the Roman disaster at
848:
Sulla dedicated his memoirs to Lucullus, and upon his death made him guardian of his son
728:
485:
1370:
Among the various edible plants associated with Lucullus is a cultivar of the vegetable
1351:
Among Lucullus' other contributions to fine dining, he was responsible for bringing the
663:
in winter of 89-88 during the same elections Sulla was chosen as Consul with his friend
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235:, exhibiting extraordinary generalship in diverse situations, most famously during the
1172:
sent Pompey to take over Lucullus' command, at which point Lucullus returned to Rome.
892:, for funds and reinforcements. He was probably also involved in the decision to make
722:, and is said to have won over the cities to the Roman side. From there he crossed to
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2740:
2721:
2687:
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2634:
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2593:
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2239:
From Asculum to Actium: The Municipalization of Italy from the Social War to Augustus
1631:
1332:
1233:
1108:
1059:
889:
707:
460:
2432:, vol.IV: Codices 223-229 (Budé, Paris, 1965), 48-99: Greek with French translation
260:
into a hotel-and-library complex for scholars and philosophers. He built the famous
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1970, p. 426 (two Greek tituli when imperator, 72/66, from Andros and Klaros)
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1402:
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1123:
owing to the time he had spent living in Roman Asia province. Lucullus' old friend
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743:. From Lecton Lucullus sailed to Tenedos where the Mithridatic fleet lay in wait.
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3208:
1944:, 7.1–36.7 – an account of his whole governorship, by far the bulk of Plutarch's
1341:
912:
853:
271:
262:
3173:
Tatum, WJ (1991). "Lucullus and Clodius at Nisibis (Plutarch, Lucullus 33–34)".
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1010:
Mithridates had fled to Armenia and, in 71 BC, Lucullus sent his brother-in-law
927:. This was a highly sought after command for Mithridates ruled very rich lands.
884:
to undermine it. He supported a plea from Pompey, campaigning against the rebel
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2027:
1985:
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1205:, which curtailed his involvement in day-to-day politics centred on the Forum.
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981:
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668:
526:
217:
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Lucullus finished off the Mithridatic army in Bithynia and then moved through
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880:. During his consulship he defended Sulla's constitution from the efforts of
877:
789:
723:
675:
565:, of the Luculli, which may have been descended from the ancient nobility of
2966:
Badian, Ernst (1970). "Lucullus (2)". In Hammond, NGL; Scullard, HH (eds.).
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2725:
2705:(in German). Vol. 13. Stuttgart: Butcher. pp. 376–414 – via
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1310:
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115–14), and half-sister of two of the most important influential senators,
530:, in which Lucullus is paired with the Athenian aristocratic politician and
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267:
90:
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1034:
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2715:
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1371:
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842:
816:
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The most obscure part of Lucullus' public career is the year he spent as
740:
253:
2821:
1643:
1619:
394:
302:
3340:
3087:
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2706:
1208:
Instead of returning fully to political life (although, as a friend of
973:
946:
755:
732:
224:
3128:
1297:
and Cicero. His triumph was remembered mostly due to his covering the
3463:
3382:
1410:
1004:
904:
893:
885:
532:
3248:
945:, his proconsular province, Lucullus landed his legion somewhere in
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3458:
3445:
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3112:
2549:(1st Cooper Square Press ed.). New York: Cooper Square Press.
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1503:
1437:
1429:
1243:
1091:
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1020:
954:
819:, for the regard he showed for subject peoples who were not Greek.
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257:
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before his quaestorship. He wrote a history of the war in Greek.
611:
582:
279:
48:
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3413:
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1527:
1309:
So famous did Lucullus become for his banqueting that the word
1301:
with the arms of the enemies he had faced during the campaign.
1275:
1255:
1237:
1209:
1132:
1014:(later consul in 54 BC) as envoy to the Armenian king-of-kings
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985:
962:
857:
827:
823:
808:
702:
2455:, commenced 1923): Greek text, critical commentary in German
1553:
The only comprehensive discussion of his birthdate is that of
1050:
in the Arzenene district. Tigranes returned from mopping up a
907:
command in the lots, but he got himself appointed governor of
53:
Engraving of a marble bust traditionally said to be Lucullus (
3503:
3449:
3440:
3373:
762:
719:
637:
536:
190:
1046:. He began a siege of the new Armenian imperial capital of
3377:
2921:
End of the Roman Republic 146 to 44 BC: Conquest and Crisis
2815:. Vol. 2. New York: American Philological Association.
1287:
958:
205:
187:
19:
This article is about the consul of 74 BC and conqueror of
2717:
Lucullus und die mithridatische Offensive in der Propontis
2656:"Die armenischen Feldzüge des Lukullus: Das Kriegsjahr 68"
2615:"Die armenischen Feldzüge des Lukullus: Das Kriegsjahr 69"
2189:, p.189. Sour cherry: Jerome: epistle XXXI ad Eustochium.
1991:
2696:
199:
2475:- English translation and commentary by William Hansen,
2241:. Oxford Classical Monographs. OUP Oxford. p. 322.
2501:, 603 (both Greek from Hypata, as quaestor in late 88)
2703:
Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft
1967:
1331:
A summer repast at the house of Lucullus (painting by
2546:
Sulla the fortunate : Roman general and dictator
291:
after the latter’s capture and brutal destruction of
208:
196:
2033:
1111:
mother) kings of Egypt in place of the illegitimate
746:
After Lucullus had defeated the Mithridatic admiral
202:
2574:"Die armenischen Feldzüge des Lukullus: Einleitung"
667:(whose son was married to Sulla's eldest daughter,
193:
2419:Oratorum Romanorum Fragmenta, Liberae Rei Publicae
1448:Lucullus married Clodia, (one of the daughters of
654:
2507:745 (Greek from Rhodes, when pro quaestore, 84/3)
2445:), vol.III, 525ff.: Greek with Latin translation
1772:Lucullus, Life and Campaigns of a Roman Conqueror
1759:Lucullus, Life and Campaigns of a Roman Conqueror
1668:52 (1962), p. 54), and has found wide acceptance.
1522:"The bust in the Hermitage, No. 77, published in
3631:
603:The family of his mother Caecilia Metella (born
1727:
1725:
1381:
868:In 74 BC, Lucullus served as consul along with
813:ruled Africa with the highest degree of justice
783:
714:in mid winter 87-6 BC with three Greek yachts (
3016:Dix, Kieth (2000). "The library of Lucullus".
696:
636:), the latter of which was also the father of
3264:
972:The Pontic fleet tried to sail east into the
930:
516:. Two biographies of Lucullus survive today,
410:
318:
3097:"The Villa and Tomb of Lucullus at Tusculum"
2885:
2030:, sub-heading Conversion of pre-Julian dates
1722:
1436:His tomb has been located near his villa in
1378:); which is named "Lucullus" in his honor.
1191:. Memmius delivered at least four speeches
788:Lucullus returned in 80 BC and was elected
23:. For other Romans with the same name, see
16:Roman politician and general (118–57/56 BC)
3271:
3257:
2910:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2799:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2757:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2232:
2230:
1919:
1917:
1896:Prostitutes and Matrons in the Roman World
772:, started and fought the brief, so-called
763:The aftermath of the First Mithridatic War
550:
417:
403:
325:
311:
47:
3094:
3035:Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte
2826:. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
2807:
2774:
2732:
2653:
2612:
2453:Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker
1620:"Plutarch's characterization of Lucullus"
1601:
919:. He also got himself the command of the
915:) died, reputedly by recommendation from
803:in Rome, followed by his governorship of
424:
332:
2848:
2571:
1997:
1973:
1532:Jahrbuch der Oesterreichisches Archiv I.
1326:
1175:
1131:, apparently acting in the interests of
1033:
266:(Palace and gardens of Lucullus) on the
3028:
2974:
2927:
2819:
2491:60 (Latin career elogium from Arretium)
2236:
2227:
1914:
1282:to have referred often to Lucullus as "
1151:who had murdered their first commander
845:from Sulla's eldest daughter Cornelia.
776:(83-81 BC), Lucullus was not involved.
735:Lucullus sailed to Cyprus; evading the
555:Lucullus was a member of the prominent
298:
3632:
3143:
2965:
2694:
1854:, p. 55; B. Marshall and J.L. Beness,
1554:
3278:
3252:
3172:
3061:
2918:
2813:The magistrates of the Roman republic
2713:
2539:
2517:from Delos when pro quaestore, 85/80)
2039:
1617:
1155:and abandoned their second commander
1143:or uterine brother) of Pompey's wife
1139:in some form (whether a first cousin
1062:36 years earlier, the day before the
398:
306:
1424:
630:Lucius Caecilius Metellus Dalmaticus
626:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus
3015:
2977:"The Date of the Death of Lucullus"
2479:(University of Exeter Press, 1996)
2477:Phlegon of Tralles' Book of Marvels
13:
2287:
295:during the Third Mithridatic War.
14:
3711:
3187:
1624:Rheinisches Museum für Philologie
710:Egypt. Lucullus set out from the
585:in 104 BC, who was convicted for
3095:McCracken, George (1942-07-01).
2809:Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon
2443:Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum
628:(consul 109 and censor 102) and
618:Lucius Caecilius Metellus Calvus
539:, and # 74 in the slender Latin
183:
3241:Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus
3150:. University of Toronto Press.
3101:American Journal of Archaeology
2527:
2268:
2255:
2218:
2205:
2192:
2179:
2166:
2153:
2140:
2125:
2112:
2099:
2090:
2077:
2064:
2055:
2045:
2020:
2003:
1979:
1950:
1934:
1901:
1887:
1874:
1861:
1840:
1827:
1814:
1802:
1790:
1777:
1764:
1751:
1738:
1709:
1692:
1539:American Journal of Archaeology
980:and the mainland harbor of the
794:Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus
792:for 79, along with his brother
655:The longest Quaestura, 88–80 BC
3700:People of the Mithridatic Wars
3147:The Orators in Cicero's Brutus
2823:Antiochus and the late Academy
1685:, pp 117-18; Philip Matyszak,
1683:Sulla: A Dictator Reconsidered
1671:
1650:
1611:
1595:
1582:
1573:
1560:
1547:
1537:1907, pp. 153–56, reported in
1516:
678:who had been able to stop the
1:
3665:1st-century BC Roman generals
2923:. Edinburgh University Press.
2572:Eckhardt, Kurt (1909-12-01).
2459:Phlegon of Tralles, fragments
2398:, I 1.3, 14.5, 16.15, XIII 6
1509:
1304:
1038:Battle of Tigranocerta, 69 BC
1025:
863:
604:
594:
3660:1st-century BC Roman consuls
3064:"Plutarch, Lucullus 42, 3–4"
2970:(2nd ed.). p. 624.
2775:Antonelli, Giuseppe (1989).
1787:.1.6, Granius Licinianus 32F
1443:
1382:Lucullus and higher learning
1193:de triumpho Luculli Asiatico
784:Return to the west, 80–74 BC
754:, he helped Sulla cross the
7:
3655:1st-century BC Roman augurs
3031:"When Did Lucullus Retire?"
2975:Bennett, William H (1972).
2968:Oxford Classical Dictionary
2672:10.1524/klio.1910.10.10.192
1681:, pp 20-21; Lynda Telford,
1604:, p. 35. Citing Plut.
1482:
1042:In 69 BC, Lucullus invaded
856:, preferring Lucullus over
796:, and gave splendid games.
697:The naval venture, 86–85 BC
10:
3716:
3695:Ancient Roman triumphators
3685:Roman governors of Cilicia
3317:On the Malice of Herodotus
3029:Hillman, Thomas P (1993).
2631:10.1524/klio.1910.10.10.72
2333:Liber de viris illustribus
2327:Plutarchi Vitae Parallelae
1809:Liber de viris illustribus
1409:, a copy of a work by the
1179:
934:
931:The Eastern Wars, 73–67 BC
837:, and his purchase of the
541:Liber de viris illustribus
29:
18:
3610:
3574:
3333:
3287:
3233:
3213:
3201:
2993:10.1017/S0009840X00996677
2919:Steel, Catherine (2013).
2849:Keaveney, Arthur (1992).
2733:Villoresi, Mario (1939).
2695:Gelzer, Matthias (1926).
2590:10.1524/klio.1909.9.9.400
2417:Malcovati, Henrica (ed.)
2134:, Roman History Book II,
1248:one on the promontory of
436:
344:
227:, closely connected with
172:
146:
138:
133:
129:
122:Caecilia Metella (mother)
109:
97:
86:
78:
70:
62:
46:
39:
32:Lucullus (disambiguation)
2928:Tröster, Manuel (2008).
2892:(in French). Bruxelles.
2889:Lucius Licinius Lucullus
2886:van Ooteghem, J (1959).
2654:Eckhardt, Kurt (1910b).
2613:Eckhardt, Kurt (1910a).
2513:1620 (Latin statue base
2237:Bispham, Edward (2007).
2159:According to Plutarch's
2120:Natural History: Book IX
1469:Quintus Servilius Caepio
1071:on the frontiers of the
925:Mithridates VI of Pontus
579:Lucius Licinius Lucullus
571:Lucius Licinius Lucullus
561:, and of the family, or
524:in the famous series of
239:in 73–72 BC, and at the
179:Lucius Licinius Lucullus
117:Lucius Licinius Lucullus
74:57/56 BC (aged 61 or 62)
25:Lucius Licinius Lucullus
3575:Translators and editors
2739:(in Italian). Firenze.
2277:Servilia and her Family
2202:II, cf. Barnes 1981:205
1455:Publius Clodius Pulcher
1450:Appius Claudius Pulcher
1153:Lucius Valerius Flaccus
1129:Publius Clodius Pulcher
1012:Appius Claudius Pulcher
896:into a Roman province.
835:Appius Claudius Pulcher
551:Family and early career
3237:Gaius Cassius Longinus
2934:. Stuttgart: Steiner.
2861:10.31826/9781463216863
2820:Glucker, John (1978).
2720:(Thesis) (in German).
2714:Stern, Martin (1922).
2389:pro A. Cluentio Habito
2325:Ziegler, Konrat (ed.)
1664:('Waiting for Sulla',
1336:
1219:
1056:Battle of Tigranocerta
1039:
872:, the half-brother of
774:Second Mithridatic War
770:Lucius Licinius Murena
701:As the Roman siege of
665:Quintus Pompeius Rufus
593:(104/3) and exiled in
577:in 151 BC, and son of
514:Marcus Terentius Varro
241:Battle of Tigranocerta
229:Lucius Cornelius Sulla
216:; 118–57/56 BC) was a
3650:2nd-century BC Romans
3227:Marcus Aurelius Cotta
3156:10.3138/9781487574024
3062:Jones, C. P. (1982).
2855:. London: Routledge.
2375:de imperio Cn. Pompei
1850:, p. 49; John Leach,
1687:Mithridates the Great
1475:, and half-sister of
1407:Library of Alexandria
1355:, (a species of) the
1330:
1278:is said by Pliny and
1254:one on the island of
1214:
1176:Final years, 66–57 BC
1157:Gaius Flavius Fimbria
1037:
937:Third Mithridatic War
921:Third Mithridatic War
870:Marcus Aurelius Cotta
676:Quintus Bruttius Sura
659:Lucullus was elected
569:. He was grandson of
428:Third Mithridatic War
336:First Mithridatic War
289:Marcus Aurelius Cotta
233:Third Mithridatic War
164:Third Mithridatic War
159:First Mithridatic War
3205:Gaius Aurelius Cotta
2981:The Classical Review
2781:(in Italian). Rome.
2698:"Licinius 104"
2430:Photius Bibliotheque
2408:Paulus Orosius bk.VI
2303:, also the lives of
1927:, pp 52-55; Appian,
1579:Bennett 1972, p. 314
1396:Antiochus of Ascalon
1280:Vellleius Paterculus
1242:the famous one near
1125:Antiochus of Ascalon
911:after its governor (
682:in northern Greece.
680:Mithridatic invasion
545:Gaius Julius Hyginus
299:Contemporary sources
30:For other uses, see
3350:Alexander the Great
3144:Sumner, GV (1973).
2447:- ed. Felix Jacoby
2370:5-6, 11, 21, 26, 31
2132:Velleius Paterculus
2096:Tacitus Annals 6.50
1960:, XI.72; Plutarch,
1856:Athenaeum 65 (1987)
1702:, p. 20; Plutarch,
1618:Swain, SCR (1992).
1494:Hortensius (Cicero)
1227:Gardens of Lucullus
1182:Gardens of Lucullus
1113:Ptolemy XII Auletes
899:Initially, he drew
729:Ptolemy IX Soter II
3587:Arthur Hugh Clough
2000:, pp. 99–102.
1499:Academica (Cicero)
1463:, the daughter of
1337:
1141:frater consobrinus
1087:and the far east.
1040:
610:), was a powerful
369:Athens and Piraeus
3627:
3626:
3614:Comparison extant
3544:Tiberius Gracchus
3310:De genio Socratis
3247:
3246:
3234:Succeeded by
3165:978-1-4875-7402-4
2941:978-3-515-09124-4
2833:978-3-525-25151-5
2428:- ed. René Henry
2401:Julius Frontinus
2384:20, 33-34, 37, 69
2274:Susan Treggiari;
1923:Lee Fratantuono,
1893:Anise K. Strong:
1880:Lee Fratantuono,
1867:Lee Fratantuono,
1846:Lee Fratantuono,
1770:Lee Fratantuono,
1757:Lee Fratantuono,
1698:Lee Fratantuono,
1677:Lee Fratantuono,
1425:Decline and death
1333:Gustave Boulanger
1268:one near Neapolis
1234:Villa of Lucullus
890:Iberian peninsula
841:hilltop villa at
752:Battle of Tenedos
509:
508:
392:
391:
176:
175:
3707:
3597:Philemon Holland
3486:Cato the Younger
3366:Aratus of Sicyon
3273:
3266:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3202:Preceded by
3199:
3198:
3194:Bust of Lucullus
3182:
3169:
3140:
3091:
3058:
3025:
3012:
2971:
2959:Journal articles
2953:
2924:
2915:
2909:
2901:
2882:
2852:Lucullus: a life
2845:
2816:
2804:
2798:
2790:
2762:
2756:
2748:
2729:
2710:
2700:
2691:
2650:
2609:
2568:
2368:pro Archia poeta
2359:, also known as
2281:
2272:
2266:
2263:Life of Lucullus
2259:
2253:
2252:
2234:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2213:Life of Lucullus
2209:
2203:
2196:
2190:
2183:
2177:
2174:Life of Lucullus
2170:
2164:
2161:Life of Lucullus
2157:
2151:
2148:Life of Lucullus
2144:
2138:
2129:
2123:
2116:
2110:
2107:Life of Lucullus
2103:
2097:
2094:
2088:
2085:Life of Lucullus
2081:
2075:
2072:Life of Lucullus
2068:
2062:
2059:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2024:
2018:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1962:Life of Lucullus
1954:
1948:
1946:Life of Lucullus
1942:Life of Lucullus
1938:
1932:
1921:
1912:
1909:Life of Lucullus
1905:
1899:
1891:
1885:
1878:
1872:
1865:
1859:
1852:Pompey the Great
1844:
1838:
1835:Life of Lucullus
1831:
1825:
1822:Life of Lucullus
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1781:
1775:
1768:
1762:
1755:
1749:
1746:Life of Lucullus
1742:
1736:
1729:
1720:
1713:
1707:
1704:Life of Lucullus
1696:
1690:
1675:
1669:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1630:(3/4): 307–316.
1615:
1609:
1599:
1593:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1571:
1564:
1558:
1551:
1545:
1520:
1489:Mithridatic Wars
1477:Cato the Younger
1415:Philo of Larissa
1413:of the Academy,
1403:Platonic Academy
1299:Circus Flaminius
1149:Fimbrian legions
1030:
1027:
1001:Battle of Cabira
951:Fimbrian legions
882:Lucius Quinctius
737:Cilician pirates
642:Caecilia Metella
634:Pontifex Maximus
632:(consul 119 and
620:(consul 142 and
609:
606:
599:
596:
591:Sicilian command
431:
429:
419:
412:
405:
396:
395:
339:
337:
327:
320:
313:
304:
303:
293:Heraclea Pontica
237:Siege of Cyzicus
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
55:Hermitage Museum
51:
37:
36:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3675:Licinii Luculli
3630:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3606:
3570:
3557:Aemilius Paulus
3329:
3325:Pseudo-Plutarch
3283:
3277:
3243:
3230:
3223:
3211:
3209:Lucius Octavius
3190:
3185:
3181:. Pavia: 569ff.
3166:
2956:
2942:
2903:
2902:
2871:
2834:
2792:
2791:
2765:
2750:
2749:
2666:(10): 192–231.
2557:
2530:
2525:
2518:
2508:
2502:
2492:
2474:
2468:
2446:
2433:
2411:Eutropius bk.VI
2361:Academica Prior
2290:
2288:Ancient sources
2285:
2284:
2273:
2269:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2235:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2210:
2206:
2197:
2193:
2184:
2180:
2171:
2167:
2158:
2154:
2145:
2141:
2130:
2126:
2117:
2113:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2082:
2078:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2025:
2021:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1955:
1951:
1939:
1935:
1922:
1915:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1888:
1879:
1875:
1866:
1862:
1845:
1841:
1832:
1828:
1819:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1782:
1778:
1769:
1765:
1756:
1752:
1743:
1739:
1730:
1723:
1714:
1710:
1697:
1693:
1676:
1672:
1655:
1651:
1616:
1612:
1600:
1596:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1565:
1561:
1552:
1548:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1485:
1446:
1427:
1384:
1307:
1184:
1178:
1029: 77–75 BC
1028:
939:
933:
913:Lucius Octavius
866:
786:
765:
699:
657:
607:
597:
553:
510:
505:
432:
427:
425:
423:
393:
388:
340:
335:
333:
331:
301:
272:Pliny the Elder
263:horti Lucullani
186:
182:
168:
134:Military career
125:
102:
58:
42:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3713:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3617:Four unpaired
3615:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3559:
3550:
3548:Gaius Gracchus
3533:
3524:
3515:
3506:
3497:
3488:
3479:
3470:
3461:
3452:
3443:
3434:
3425:
3416:
3407:
3398:
3389:
3387:Cato the Elder
3380:
3363:
3347:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3313:
3299:
3296:Parallel Lives
3291:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3276:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3244:
3235:
3232:
3220:Roman Republic
3212:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3189:
3188:External links
3186:
3184:
3183:
3170:
3164:
3141:
3113:10.2307/499772
3107:(3): 325–340.
3092:
3074:(2): 254–256.
3059:
3041:(2): 211–228.
3026:
3013:
2972:
2962:
2955:
2954:
2940:
2925:
2916:
2883:
2869:
2846:
2832:
2817:
2805:
2771:
2764:
2763:
2730:
2711:
2692:
2651:
2625:(10): 72–115.
2610:
2584:(9): 400–412.
2569:
2555:
2536:
2529:
2526:
2485:
2484:
2461:
2460:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2415:
2414:Annaeus Florus
2412:
2409:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2353:
2343:
2336:
2330:
2323:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2267:
2254:
2247:
2226:
2217:
2204:
2191:
2178:
2165:
2152:
2139:
2124:
2111:
2098:
2089:
2076:
2063:
2054:
2044:
2042:, p. 141.
2032:
2028:Roman calendar
2019:
2002:
1990:
1978:
1966:
1949:
1933:
1913:
1900:
1886:
1873:
1860:
1839:
1826:
1813:
1801:
1789:
1776:
1763:
1750:
1737:
1721:
1708:
1691:
1670:
1649:
1610:
1602:Broughton 1952
1594:
1581:
1572:
1559:
1546:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1484:
1481:
1473:Servilia Major
1445:
1442:
1426:
1423:
1383:
1380:
1306:
1303:
1264:
1263:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1230:
1177:
1174:
1117:Antiochus XIII
1007:back in Rome.
941:On his way to
932:
929:
901:Cisalpine Gaul
876:the mother of
865:
862:
785:
782:
764:
761:
698:
695:
656:
653:
640:'s third wife
552:
549:
527:Parallel Lives
507:
506:
504:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
437:
434:
433:
422:
421:
414:
407:
399:
390:
389:
387:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
359:Mount Scorobas
356:
351:
345:
342:
341:
330:
329:
322:
315:
307:
300:
297:
174:
173:
170:
169:
167:
166:
161:
156:
150:
148:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
131:
130:
127:
126:
124:
123:
120:
113:
111:
107:
106:
99:
95:
94:
91:Consul of Rome
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
52:
44:
43:
40:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3712:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3645:50s BC deaths
3643:
3641:
3640:118 BC births
3638:
3637:
3635:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3582:Jacques Amyot
3580:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3354:Julius Caesar
3351:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3274:
3269:
3267:
3262:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3242:
3238:
3229:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3180:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2870:0-203-40484-X
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2760:
2754:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2662:(in German).
2661:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2621:(in German).
2620:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2580:(in German).
2579:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2556:0-8154-1147-2
2552:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2483:Inscriptions.
2482:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2472:
2469:- ed. Jacoby
2467:, III, 602ff.
2466:
2463:- ed. Müller
2458:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2431:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2383:
2382:pro L. Murena
2379:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2352:
2351:Mithridateios
2348:
2347:Roman History
2344:
2341:
2340:Roman History
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2258:
2250:
2248:9780191528293
2244:
2240:
2233:
2231:
2221:
2214:
2208:
2201:
2195:
2188:
2185:Tom Holland,
2182:
2175:
2169:
2162:
2156:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2121:
2115:
2108:
2102:
2093:
2086:
2080:
2073:
2067:
2058:
2048:
2041:
2036:
2029:
2023:
2016:
2012:
2006:
1999:
1998:Keaveney 1992
1994:
1987:
1982:
1976:, p. 85.
1975:
1974:Keaveney 1992
1970:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1877:
1870:
1864:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1836:
1830:
1823:
1817:
1810:
1805:
1798:
1797:Acad.Prior II
1793:
1786:
1780:
1773:
1767:
1760:
1754:
1747:
1741:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1718:
1712:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1591:
1585:
1576:
1569:
1563:
1556:
1550:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1515:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1376:Beta vulgaris
1373:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1272:Bay of Naples
1269:
1261:
1260:Bay of Naples
1257:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1036:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
970:
968:
964:
961:and then off
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
938:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
878:Julius Caesar
875:
871:
861:
859:
855:
852:and daughter
851:
846:
844:
840:
836:
831:
829:
825:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
790:curule aedile
781:
777:
775:
771:
760:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
704:
694:
692:
688:
683:
681:
677:
672:
670:
666:
662:
652:
650:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:
608: 137 BC
601:
598: 102 BC
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:
548:
546:
542:
538:
535:
534:
529:
528:
523:
519:
515:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
435:
430:
420:
415:
413:
408:
406:
401:
400:
397:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
343:
338:
328:
323:
321:
316:
314:
309:
308:
305:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:
277:The conquest
275:
273:
269:
265:
264:
259:
255:
251:
245:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
219:
213:
180:
171:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
151:
149:
145:
141:
137:
132:
128:
121:
118:
115:
114:
112:
108:
105:
100:
96:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
50:
45:
38:
33:
26:
22:
3670:Bibliophiles
3618:
3602:Thomas North
3562:Themistocles
3513:Gaius Marius
3436:
3357:
3301:
3294:
3224:
3214:
3178:
3174:
3146:
3104:
3100:
3071:
3067:
3038:
3034:
3021:
3017:
2984:
2980:
2967:
2958:
2957:
2930:
2920:
2888:
2851:
2822:
2812:
2777:
2768:Recent books
2767:
2766:
2735:
2716:
2702:
2663:
2659:
2622:
2618:
2581:
2577:
2545:
2532:
2531:
2528:Modern works
2520:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2438:
2429:
2427:
2418:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2377:5, 10, 20-26
2374:
2367:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2349:, book XII:
2346:
2342:, book XXXVI
2339:
2338:Cassius Dio
2332:
2326:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2275:
2270:
2262:
2257:
2238:
2220:
2212:
2207:
2199:
2194:
2186:
2181:
2173:
2168:
2160:
2155:
2147:
2142:
2127:
2119:
2114:
2106:
2101:
2092:
2084:
2079:
2071:
2066:
2057:
2047:
2035:
2022:
2014:
2010:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1969:
1961:
1958:Mithridatica
1957:
1952:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1929:Mithridatica
1928:
1924:
1908:
1903:
1894:
1889:
1881:
1876:
1868:
1863:
1858:, pp 360-78.
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1834:
1829:
1821:
1816:
1808:
1804:
1796:
1792:
1784:
1779:
1774:, pp. 36-37.
1771:
1766:
1758:
1753:
1745:
1740:
1732:
1716:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1665:
1662:Ernst Badian
1657:
1652:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1605:
1597:
1589:
1584:
1575:
1567:
1562:
1549:
1544:1908, p 236.
1541:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1523:
1518:
1471:, sister of
1459:
1447:
1435:
1428:
1418:
1400:
1390:of (Syrian)
1385:
1375:
1369:
1357:sweet cherry
1350:
1346:
1338:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1292:
1265:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1166:
1145:Mucia Tertia
1140:
1136:
1120:
1101:
1089:
1083:coming from
1081:Phraates III
1048:Tigranocerta
1041:
1019:
1009:
994:
971:
940:
898:
867:
847:
843:Cape Misenum
832:
821:
812:
805:Roman Africa
798:
787:
778:
766:
745:
715:
700:
690:
684:
673:
658:
646:
612:
602:
587:embezzlement
562:
558:gens Licinia
556:
554:
540:
531:
525:
521:
511:
471:Tigranocerta
354:Protopachium
349:River Amnias
284:
278:
276:
268:Pincian Hill
261:
246:
178:
177:
3592:John Dryden
3473:Philopoemen
3410:Demosthenes
2533:Early books
2436:Karl Müller
2109:, 38.2–41.6
2087:, 38.1–39.3
2074:, 42.4-43.3
1555:Sumner 1973
1372:Swiss chard
1353:sour cherry
1198:lex curiata
1119:, known as
1016:Tigranes II
905:proconsular
817:Philhellene
748:Neoptolemus
741:Cape Lecton
687:Mithridates
589:during his
254:aquaculture
79:Nationality
21:Mithridates
3690:Memoirists
3634:Categories
3477:Flamininus
3370:Artaxerxes
3345:Coriolanus
3341:Alcibiades
3024:: 441–464.
2987:(3): 314.
2707:Wikisource
2403:Stratagems
2396:ad Atticum
2280:- page: 96
2261:Plutarch,
2211:Plutarch,
2146:Plutarch,
2105:Plutarch,
2083:Plutarch,
2070:Plutarch,
2040:Steel 2013
1988:6.2.21–22.
1940:Plutarch,
1907:Plutarch,
1833:Plutarch,
1820:Plutarch,
1744:Plutarch,
1706:, II. 1-2.
1524:Arch. Zeit
1510:References
1313:now means
1305:Gastronome
1180:See also:
935:See also:
864:Consulship
733:Alexandria
716:myoparones
649:Social War
384:Orchomenus
154:Social War
3680:Optimates
3540:Cleomenes
3527:Sertorius
3500:Poplicola
3495:Agesilaus
3468:Marcellus
3464:Pelopidas
3401:Demetrius
3383:Aristides
3279:Works of
3175:Athenaeum
3137:191408920
3121:0002-9114
3080:0018-0777
3047:0018-2311
3018:Athenaeum
3009:162628708
3001:1464-3561
2950:184820704
2906:cite book
2898:636741882
2795:cite book
2787:499305396
2753:cite book
2745:474681944
2688:194418853
2680:2192-7669
2647:202161854
2639:2192-7669
2606:193828877
2598:2192-7669
2543:(2001) .
2541:Baker, GP
2511:Ins.Délos
2363:, book II
2009:Plutarch
1911:, 5.2–6.5
1748:, 2.1-4.5
1636:0035-449X
1444:Marriages
1411:scholarch
1318:luxurious
1232:the vast
1121:Asiaticus
1109:Ptolemaic
1005:publicani
886:Sertorius
708:Ptolemaic
533:Strategos
501:Jerusalem
451:Rhyndacus
441:Chalcedon
374:Chaeronea
252:and even
250:husbandry
225:statesman
147:Conflicts
98:Spouse(s)
3566:Camillus
3553:Timoleon
3459:Lycurgus
3446:Lysander
3437:Lucullus
3432:Pericles
3281:Plutarch
2879:51921753
2811:(1952).
2726:73020803
2565:45791363
2357:Lucullus
2313:Pompeius
2300:Lucullus
2295:Plutarch
2200:Acad.Pr.
2176:, 41.1–6
2150:, p. 37.
2015:Lucullus
2011:Camillus
1956:Appian,
1931:, XI.72.
1925:Lucullus
1882:Lucullus
1869:Lucullus
1848:Lucullus
1761:, p. 36.
1700:Lucullus
1689:, p. 55.
1679:Lucullus
1644:41233871
1504:Lucullan
1483:See also
1461:Servilia
1438:Tusculum
1430:Plutarch
1365:thrushes
1359:and the
1342:drachmae
1311:lucullan
1244:Tusculum
1203:pomerium
1105:Seleucid
1092:Artaxata
1077:Parthian
1073:Armenian
1069:Corduene
1052:Seleucid
1021:basileus
982:Achaeans
955:Bithynia
923:against
691:Lucullea
669:Cornelia
661:Quaestor
567:Tusculum
522:Lucullus
518:Plutarch
476:Artaxata
461:Heraclea
285:Ponticus
258:Tusculum
142:91–66 BC
119:(father)
104:Servilia
41:Lucullus
3531:Eumenes
3522:Theseus
3518:Romulus
3509:Pyrrhus
3482:Phocion
3392:Crassus
3303:Moralia
3218:of the
3088:4476263
3055:4436286
2842:5327099
2778:Lucullo
2736:Lucullo
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2499:AE 1974
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2387:Cicero
2380:Cicero
2373:Cicero
2366:Cicero
2355:Cicero
2345:Appian
2187:Rubicon
2013:19.11,
1986:Orosius
1884:, p. 47
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1322:gourmet
1315:lavish,
1258:in the
1250:Misenum
1229:in Rome
1189:triumph
1161:crushed
1085:Bactria
1060:Arausio
1044:Armenia
997:Galatia
978:Tenedos
967:Cyzicus
943:Cilicia
917:Praecia
909:Cilicia
903:as his
888:on the
874:Aurelia
850:Faustus
801:praetor
750:in the
712:Piraeus
583:praetor
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446:Cyzicus
379:Tenedos
280:agnomen
221:general
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101:Claudia
93:(74 BC)
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3396:Nicias
3231:74 BC
3216:Consul
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990:Scyros
986:Lemnos
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963:Lemnos
894:Cyrene
858:Pompey
854:Fausta
839:Marian
828:Pompey
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809:Cicero
756:Aegean
724:Cyrene
703:Athens
622:censor
613:nobile
575:consul
563:stirps
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364:Rhodes
87:Office
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3334:Lives
3288:Works
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720:Crete
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486:Lycus
218:Roman
139:Years
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