Gunditjmara - Knowledge

3224:'These strangely- named individuals had been familiar to our ears ever since our arrival."Jupiter"was supposed to have a title to the head chieftainship of the tribe which specially affected the Rocks and the neighbourhood of the extinct volcano. Cocknose had been named by the early settlers from the highly unclassical shape of the facial appendage. Buckup sent a man to each corner, and himself with two troopers charged into the centre. Spears began to fly, and boomerangs; but the wild men had little chance with their better-armed countrymen. Out bolts a flying fugitive, and makes for the nearest reed-bed. Tallboy is nearest to him, and his horse moves as he raises his carbine, and disturbs the aim. Striking him savagely over the head with the butt end, he raises his piece, fires, and Jupiter drops on his face. Quick shots follow, a general stampede takes place, but few escape, and when the troop turn their horses' heads homeward, all the known leaders of the tribe are down. They were caught redhanded, too, a portion of a heifer and her calf freshly slaughtered being found on the spot where they were first sighted.' Boldrewood's account has been questioned, as Jupiter was captured in April of that year ( 2872:

the island there are some large rocks, into the base of one of which the ceaseless rolling of the billows has worn a cavelike recess, respecting which the natives have a superstitious belief that it is in some way connected with Dhinmar. Every deceased person, when buried, is laid with his head pointing towards this island. His spirit then provides itself with a firebrand, consisting of a piece of dry cherry tree, because this wood emits a peculiar odour whilst burning, which has the power of warding off danger from the bearer. The spectre then proceeds to the shore where the rock is situated, where he divests himself of any clothing or trinkets he may be wearing on his body, and disappears over the intervening sea to Dhinmar. The spirits of all the clans and phratries go to this island, which they occupy in common, the same as they did in their native hunting grounds. There they remain until reincarnated (

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have something to eat. They were weak and hungry, and she said, she said to some of her friends, 'I'm not stopping. I'm gunna go on, I'll gop on and I'll come, we'll come back' – she was with her tribe.. and she said, 'I'll come back next morning.' So they did come back and..The overseer made this porridge and he finished them. He put strychnine in it. They didn't known what he was doing, and they're all sitting around looking hungry, all sitting there little children and all, and he was giving them porridge, serving the porridge out to them, and they all went-flop. He murdered them with the porridge, the strychnine in the porridge. And when my mother-in-law came back with her tribe, she said she find them all dead. Children on the mothers- the babies on the mother's breast and little tiny fellows and them all laying about all scattered around dead... Condah, Bloody Lake, they called it.' (

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British troops of native Pahs in New Zealand; the protracted wars, costly in blood and treasure, involved in the subjugation of the kaffirs and Zulus in South Africa; nay, even the more circumscribed, but still bloody "Black War" in Tasmania, had no counterpart in the settlement of the colony of Victoria. The reason is not far to seek, and it does not necessarily imply any want of courage on the part of the invaded. They were comparatively few in number, and they were dispersed in small tribes over a large area of country. By their habits, their superstitions and their traditions they were so involved in strife among themselves, that there was no possible basis of federation to resist the invader' (

3124:"Mr. Hurst, (missionary to the aborigines of Port Phillip ), startled the audience, by a recital of facts that had been communicated to him, in reference to the treatment of the natives in the neighbourhood of Portland bay. He said it was usual for some to go out in parties on the Sabbath with guns, for the os-tensible purpose of kangarooing, but, in reality to hunt and kill these miserable beings — the bones and the bodies of the slaughtered blacks had been found— but because the evidence of the native was not admissible in a court, the white murderers had escaped with im - punity, and were still pursuing their career of crime and blood." ( 3238:

and around the little party. It looked like anotherIsandula, and the swart foe crept ominously close, and yet more close, from tree to tree. Then a spear struck William Jamieson in the forehead—a rough straw hat alone saving his brain. The blood rushed down, and, dripping on his gun, damped the priming. Things looked bad. A little faltering had lost the fight. But the Laird of Ettrick shot the savage dead who threw the spear, and under cover of this surprise he and Robert Jamieson carried their wounded comrade safely out of the field (

1478:. Various versions exist. The site earned its name either because whalers hashed out their disputes there, because some transaction took place between the indigenous people and whalers, or because disputes arose, either of whale flesh or of the use of native women. If the dispute was over the carcass of a beached whale, the whites may have wished to flense it while the natives may have insisted that it was theirs, as dictated by their ancient customs. 2850:"All the land that lay between Eumeralla proper and the sea, a tract of country of some twenty or thirty miles square, had been probably from time immemorial a great hunting-ground and rendezvous for the surrounding tribes. It was no doubt eminently fitted for such a purpose. It swarmed with game, and in the spring was one immense preserve of every kind of wild fowl and wild animal that the country owned." ( 3140:"The frequently used name 'the fighting Gunditjmara' resists this culture of forgetting. Originally referring to their long conflict with Europeans during the Eumerella Wars of the 1840s, the 'fighting Gunditjmara' is now used by the Western District Aboriginal community to refer to their military contributions for Australia and their considerable achievements in sport," ( 3184:" While the blacks were holding a corroboree and feasting on some freshly killed stock they were fired upon by the settlers, using an old cannon loaded with bolts, nails, gravel and stones with telling effect. The place was afterwards known as Murdering Flat. As far as is known there was no grave; the bodies were put in the river." ( 336:. In a spate of eruption, the lava flows, constituting his blood and teeth, spilled over the landscape, fashioning its wetlands. "High Head" still refers to the crater's brow, which can be accessed only by Gunditjmara men wearing special emu-feather footwear. Opposite, beyond the coastline, the island they call 3024:

Browne noted that the local aboriginals. 'had been for untold generations accustomed to a dietary scale of exceptional liberality. The climate was temperate; the forests abounded in game; wild fowl at certain seasons were plentiful; while the sea supplied them with fish of all sorts and sizes, from a

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Koort Kirrup was arrested in late August 1843 for the murder of two squatters Donald McKenzie and Frederick Edinge a year earlier, on 15 May 1842. He languished in prison for at least 2 years because no interpreter could understand his Wullu wurrung dialect. He laid the blame on some South Australian

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in others. All the clans have the same maioga, which consists of an island a short distance off the coast of Victoria, about half way between Warrnambool and Portland. The native name of this island is Dhinmar, but it is known on the map as Lady Julia Percy Island. On the shore of the mainland facing

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area "it was usual for some to go out in parties on the Sabbath with guns, for the ostensible purpose of kangarooing, but, in reality to hunt and kill these miserable beings — the bones and the bodies of the slaughtered blacks had been found — but because the evidence of the native was not admissible

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The inferred date would place it around the time Cecil Pybus Cooke managed the Lake Condah area from mid 1850, and he had excellent relations with the blacks, fed them andallowed them to live there and no mention of this occurs in his papers. One would expect that the Aborigines would have mentioned

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at lowest estimate a good-sized party was discovered killing a bullock of Messrs. Jamieson, near Ettrick. The brothers Jamieson and Major Learmonth—then unknown to martial fame—went out to dispute title. The scene was in a reed-brake—the opposing force numerous. Spears began to drop searchingly amid

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Well, you go and sit down over there in that shed.' And they went there. He said, 'I'll make you something to eat,' and he had a great big boiler. He had a boiler there. It was in the shearing shed that he took them to have this meal..They was finished shearing and they took the Aborigines there to

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who dwelt in the midst of the conflict but never suffered aggression because he treated indigenous people fairly:'The wars which our American cousins waged for two hundred years against the brave and crafty redskins; the long struggles in Canada against the confederated six nations; the storming by

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determined on recognising the Gunditjmara People's non-exclusive native title rights and interests over 137,000 hectares (340,000 acres) of vacant Crown land, national parks, reserves, rivers, creeks and sea in the Portland region of Victoria's western district. 4,000 hectares (9,900 acres) between

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lands were also returned to the Gunditjmara on 1 January 1987, when the 53-hectare (130-acre) former reserve was vested to the Kerrup Jmara Elders Corporation. The transfer included "full management, control and enjoyment by the Kerrup-Jmara Elders Aboriginal Corporation of the land granted to it".

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the Yowen gundidj consisted of at least several families settled in a "village" site near excellent waterholes. The Moyne river was spanned by a large weir roughlyt 60 metres long and 1.5 metres high which the Yowen built as an eel trap. Over 200 Gunditjmara gathered there in autumn to

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had conveyed the corpse via the subterranean passage to the island, while guiding its spirit to the realm of the clouds. If the burial coincided with the appearance of a meteor, this was read as proof that the being in transit to the heavens had been furnished with fire. If grass was found at the

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Estimates of the number of people killed in the dispute is unknown, varying from only a few to 30, 60 and as high as 200. All but two of the Kilcarer gundidj clan, Pollikeunnuc and Yarereryarerer, were said to have died. Robinson surmised many had been killed from encounters with 30 members of

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that numerous features show the handiwork of Aboriginal landscaping for economic purposes. This thesis was challenged as a mythical "romancing of the landscape" by Anne Clarke, one that confused natural processes with socially crafted infrastructure. However, fresh archaeological work by

1504:, in travelling in this western area in 1841, reported that settlers in the districts spoke of 'dropping the Aborigines as coolly as if speaking of dropping birds.' The loss of numbers, and headsmen meant clans were forced to unite under other clans and their chieftains. Thus the 2777:

questions the historical authenticity of Gunditjmara as a collective ethnonym current among the Dhauwurd wurrung, and says it came into use after being picked up by later ethnographers. 'Gunditjmara' was, he argues, used only in the context of specific clan naming

2220:, which gave 1,130 acres (5 km) of the Framlingham Forest to the Framlingham Trust. Although the title is essentially inalienable, in that it can only be transferred to another Indigenous land trust, the Framlingham Trust has rights to prevent 1919:

Dr James Kilgour who had established his station on the Yowen lands, mustered 40 men to take revenge for a shepherd's murder, and shot two or three in a camp.. Robertson, an overseer then supplied members of the tribe with flour laced with arsenic.

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James Henty wasa to claim, in the face of ac cusations regarding this putative incident that his accusers had confused the incident involving the death ofone of his shepherds at this spot and a massacre which took place around that time nearby, at

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Robinson, the Protector of Aboriogines, wrote that Kilgour had a 'more depraved set' of workers than he had ever met, and that Kilgour was 'like all new arrivals, a declared enemy of the blacks', though he had never personally been harmed by them

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it to him. Two contradictory versions exist of a massacre here, one of poisoning, the other of fighting, Confusion also may exist because the putative incident was confused with memories of another massacre in that area, known as Murderers Flat (

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and the surrounding river systems being of great importance to them economically and spiritually. Numerous distinct structures, extending over 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi) of the landscape, are employed for the purpose of catching

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6 settlers attacked and killed 5 members of two families asleep among tea-trees by a stream off Mustons Creek and plundered their goods. 3 of the murderers were put on trial before a jury of mainly squatters in a court presided over by

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and languages (see the main article for details), and the whole group is also sometimes referred to as the Gunditjmara language or the Warrnambool language. Some of the major languages or dialects often grouped under these names were:

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Howitt writes that their nation:'extended from the southern limits of the Muk-jarawaint to the sea, and from Mt Gambier to the Eumerella Creek, and included the Kuurn-kopan-noot and Peek-whuurrung tribes, described by Mr Dawson'

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began to use Portland as a base area for their operations. Contact exposed the local people to epidemics from new diseases born by whites but otherwise was seasonal, and allowed time for demographic recovery.

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The following oral report by Mrs Mary Clarke, a descendant of Portland area Gunditjmara, recounts that an overseer on a station saw one of two groups of travelling natives and asked them if they were hungry:

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Like all guerillas, moreover, their act of outrage took place sometimes in one part of a large district, sometimes in another, the actors vanishing meanwhile, and reappearing with puzzling rapidity (

3085:"Tonguers 'were those who contracted to tow the whale carcasses ashore and to cut them up and who received in payment the oil from the dissected carcass, including the tongue and interior parts'." ( 1445:, which lasted for decades. Women would fight as well, using their digging sticks which had a dual purpose as a weapon, for defence, for settling disputes and for meting out punishments as part of 6323: 2186:

In 2005 the area began to be bulldozed for groundwork for an eight-lot subdivision. The dispute was settled when the area was set aside as a reservation, in an agreement forged in February 2007.

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has identified 28 massacre sites most of the colonialist slaughters taking place during the Eumerella War, so named when the phrase was used as a chapter heading in the memoirs of the novelist

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40 men formed a vigilante band, after 7 stockmen were faced by a milling mob of Aborigines at the station, and tracked them down to a camp, which they plundered while shooting those who fled.

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referring to up to 200 Aboriginals amassing at Convincing Ground, and claims that modern research has fabricated the massacre. His arguments have been analysed, with a negative verdict by

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from 1834 onwards. Though much silence surrounded the massacres that took place, and, despite Boldrerwood's explicit testimony, some early historians dismissed the idea of a guerilla war.

1215:. A controversy exists concerning the extent to which these features are the results of natural environmental processes or cultural modifications of the landscape by Indigenous people. 2142:

Unknown white gave the community a large bag of flour laced with arsenic. This is a Kerup clan tradition, though there are numerous difficulties with the version given by Rose Donker.

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Matchan, Erin L.; Phillips, David; Jourdan, Fred; Oostingh, Korien (2020). "Early human occupation of southeastern Australia: New insights from 40Ar/39Ar dating of young volcanoes".

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Sometime in 1833–1834, though the incident has been dated later, to around, 1839, whalers, perhaps 'tonguers,' are thought to have clashed with the Kilcarer Gundidj on the beach at

5660: 2172:, and two decades later, in 1885, this reserve was expanded by a further 692 hectares. The tribe congregated here, until an act was passed to deny right of residence to any " 6079: 332:

The Gunditjmara believe that the landscape's features mark out the traces of a creator, Budj Bim (meaning "High Head"), who emerged in the form of the volcano previously called

1310: 2176:", resulting in the dispersal of many Gunditjmara kinsfolk, and the loss of their collective traditions, with the Condah mission numbers dropping drastically from 117 to 20. 2118:

A groups of settlers led by Charles Hamilton Macknight who had just acquired 47,228 acres in the district, in retribution for the pillaging by 30 blacks of some stores.

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The Warrnambool language: a consolidated account of the Aboriginal language of the Warrnambool area of the Western District of Victoria based on nineteenth-century sources

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The variety of red-tailed black cockatoo indigenous to an enclave in south western Victoria is now recognized as a distinct species, Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne (

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cave when no one had been buried, then it was thought it showed someone had been murdered, and the cave could not be approached until the grass had been dispersed.

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Heath had been killed by 7 aborigines in a punitive raid for molesting local women. The Aboriginal version is that upwards of 40 were killed in retaliation (

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bordering sinkholes and lava tubes were crafted stone houses, but rather resulted from natural processes, from geological or arboreal shifting of masses (

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is a term used for a group of languages spoken by various groups of the Gunditjmara people. Different linguists have identified different groupings of

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against the pastoralists usurping their lands, raiding their flocks and herds. Some protection was also afforded by the native protectorate set up at

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of the Yiyar clan Boorn Boorn assumed leadership of the Cart gunditj, the Kilgar gunditj and Eurite gunditj when their leadership was eliminated.

1390:. Significantly, this is a "minimum age constraint for human presence in Victoria", and also could be interpreted as evidence for the Gunditjmara 6497: 6467: 5646: 4570:

Clarke, Anne (April 1994). "Romancing the Stones. The Cultural Construction of an Archaeological Landscape in the Western District of Victoria".

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Clark states that Critchett's interpretation that sexual relations with native women was a cause is based on a misreading of Robinson's journal (

3439: 1535:, which the tribes used as a basis for their operations. A particular point of ire were settlements that took over sacred sites associated with 207:

The Gunditjmara tribal territories extends over an estimated 7,000 square kilometres (2,700 sq mi). The western boundaries are around

6432: 6295: 2396:, Songman who won The National Indigenous Arts Awards, The 'Fellowships' Award, and a VIPA Song Of The Year Award For The Song "Freedom Called" 169: 5426: 4935: 4802: 4971: 4956: 2388: 5299: 6065: 2504:, the first Indigenous World Champion Boxer, the first Indigenous person awarded a Gold Record for Music, first Indigenous recipient of an 4750: 4460: 1997:

George D Lockhart of Kanawalla station had his dray stolen by attackers. Pursued by HEP Dana and his native police, of whom two wounded.

372:), a role passed on by hereditary transmission. They spoke distinct dialects, not all of them mutually intelligible, with the three main 4609: 4391: 2202:

attempted to grant some of the Framlingham State Forest to the trust as inalienable title. However, the legislation was blocked by the

6446: 4283: 2496: 5501:. Monograph series (Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. Native Title Research Unit); no. 1/2009. 1482:

several different Dhauwurd wurrung clans. A minority view argued by Michael Connors, emerging in the context of Australia's recent

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The Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape, which includes both the Tyrendarra Area and the Mt Eccles – Lake Condah Area, comprising

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In Gunditjmara funeral rites, bodies are enfolded in grass bundles and interred with their heads pointing to the island, with an

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volcanoes erupted at least 34,000 years ago. Specifically, Budj Bim was dated at within 3,100 years either side of 36,900 years

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Australian Aborigines: The Languages and Customs of Several Tribes of Aborigines in the Western District of Victoria, Australia

4491:"The Convincing Ground, Portland Bay, Victoria, Australia: An Exploration of the Controversy Surrounding its Onomastic History" 2306: 1295: 314:, ants and other foods out of the ground, as well as for defence, for settling disputes and for punishment purposes as part of 6453: 6252: 5482: 5442: 5376: 5225: 4828: 4792: 4740: 4671: 4642: 4560: 4490: 4446: 4291: 2461: 2427: 2281:

people, the Gunditjmara People were recognised to be the native title-holders of the 4,000 hectares of Crown including

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Donald McKenzie and Frederick Edinge had been killed 15 May 1842 and revenge was taken on an unknown number of Gunditjmara

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Henry Giles Turner wrote in 1904 after citing the highly laudatory opinion of Western district aborigines registered by

1269:(formerly Mt Eccles National Park), Stones State Faunal Reserve, Muldoons Aboriginal Land, Allambie Aboriginal Land and 283:

and as a burial cloak. They are still made today as part of revitalisation of culture and as an instrument for healing.

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held special value for its burial associations. Rocks on the mainland shore facing the island contain a cave, known as

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George Winter and his men, one, Robinson known for his violence. He had dashed out the brains of an Aboriginal child.

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The Aborigines of Victoria: with notes relating to the habits of the Natives of Other Parts of Australia and Tasmania

4424: 2168:. This was unacceptable, it was located moreover on Girai wurrung land. 827 hectares were set aside for them at 1520:

in a court, the white murderers had escaped with impunity, and were still pursuing their career of crime and blood".

5344: 4439:"That's My Country Belonging to Me": Aboriginal Land Tenure and Dispossession in Nineteenth Century Western Victoria 3197:

Two emen, Calangamite and Pinchingannock (Wooigouing's husband and a child named Uni-bicqui-ang managfed to escape (

355:. If grass was thereafter found outside the mouth of Tarn wirrung, it was regarded as evidence that the good spirit 243:

people. Early settlers remarked on the richness of the game to be found from the Eumerella Creek down to the coast.

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Peterson, Nicolas; Long, Jeremy Phillip Merrick (1986). "Australian territorial organization: a band perspective".

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This remnant of two was absorbed into the Cart gundidj of Mount Clay and the Ure gundidj and Bome gundidj clans (

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7 Gunditjmara: Bokarcarreep, Corroitleek, Joeingjoeingburmin, Loohechurning, Marnderremin, Tolort and Yangolarri

275:, used by Gunditjmara and other peoples of the south-east, were made sewn with string, and worn for warmth, used 5566: 2037:

A GW Elms shepherd attacked. Subsequently, a group of settlers clashed with some men believed to be responsible

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under HEP Dana in retribution for the killing of Christopher Bassett in August 1843 and the theft of his flock.

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Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names

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A History of the Colony of Victoria: From Its Discovery to Its Absorption into the Commonwealth of Australia

4260:"Australian Endangered Species: Southeastern red-tailed black-cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne)" 1486:

argues the figure of 200 dead misinterprets an 1841 report by the Portland Police Magistrate James Blair to

1331:, found evidence of a sudden change in vegetation consistent with an artificial ponding system, and initial 1298:

of bushland around Lake Condah and in the Budj Bim National Park, further channel structures came to light.

344:("road of the spirits"), which is thought of as the mouth of a passage linking the mainland and the island. 6274: 6159: 6117: 6090: 2505: 2321: 1655:

William Jefrey speared, while, with Charles Corrigan and, William Elliot, fighting a mob raiding for sheep

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Warndaa ssite at Boggy Gully, near Black Swamp, just west of Merrang House, on the Hopkins River south of

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Due to the ongoing battles in the 1840s, the Gunditjmara became well known as "The fighting Gunditjmara".

6044: 2326: 2316: 1287: 252: 3440:"Gunditjmara stone tools found in University collection sparks art exhibition and hopes of repatriation" 6376: 6145: 5368: 5159: 4868: 4849: 4784: 4732: 4663: 4634: 2258: 2203: 1475: 1291: 5257: 4682: 5349: 2248: 1952: 1836:

Shepherds working for either Edward Henty at Muntham or Francis Henty at Merino Downs, using poison.

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The major turn in relations occurred with the arrival of, and settlement of their lands by, the

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3 shepherds working for W. J. Purbrick shot Aborigines after reportedly offering them damper.

6026: 5669: 5211: 4943: 4913: 4726: 2863:'These tribes, like those in the Wimmera River district, have a spirit-home, which is called 2311: 2157: 1191: 420: 385: 256: 63: 43: 4657: 4627: 4246:

Anderson, R. (2006). "The Convincing Ground: a case study in frontier and modern conflict".

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Connell, an overseer for the Henty brothers, whose stocks of flour were subject to stealing

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in 1947 was also proof that humans inhabited the region before the eruption of Tower Hill.

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George Winter's Tahara station on the Wannon River and McLeods Creek, northeast of Merino

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were used for cutting, and are held in collections across Victoria today. The women used

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Thomas Barrett was threatened with a liang by a Gunditjmara who wanted his bag of flour

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Keerray Woorroong (Girai Wurrung, Kirrae wuurong, Kiriwurrung, etc.) is regarded by the

6348: 6173: 5915: 5796: 5712: 5464: 5096: 4938:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 21 March 2018. 4901: 4882: 4589: 4520: 4461:"The Convincing Ground Aboriginal massacre at Portland Bay, Victoria: fact or fiction?" 2544: 1772: 1467: 1441:

The Gunditjmara people fought fiercely for their lands during what became known as the

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7 whites set upon and shot an Aboriginal group of 20–30 camping at the Wannon River

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Scars in the Landscape: a register of massacre sites in western Victoria, 1803–1859

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4 women, Connyer, Natgoncher (pregnant), Wenigoniber, Wooigouing, and 1 male child

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regards this as a dialect of the Warrnambool language, but Krishna-Pillay does not.

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is a term, meaning something like 'belonging to', found only in clan names, thus

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in several respects. Because of the colder climate, they made, wore, and used as

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Peopled landscapes: the impact of Peter Kershaw on Australian Quaternary science

4683:"Peopled Landscapes: Archaeological and Biogeographic Approaches to Landscapes." 1366:

In a study published in February 2020, new evidence produced by using a form of

1211:; stone house sites and stone cairns. Some of the groundwork is older than the 6288: 6187: 5831: 5422: 4722: 4207: 3351: 2251:(IPA), it was granted this status in 1999. Becoming the first IPA in Victoria. 2095: 1891:

The junction of Lubra Creek and the Penshurst–Caramut road, at Caramut station

1802:

Tom, a shepherd for John Henty, who shot and then bayonetted to death a woman.

1442: 1435: 1429: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1306: 1270: 2156:

From the mid- late 19th century attempts were made to have them move into the

1991:

8 miles from Mount Eckersley, on the road between Portland and Kanawalla

137:, a suffix denoting belonging to a particular group or locality, and the noun 6491: 5852: 5782: 5754: 5543: 5520: 5358: 5113:"Ethnological notes on the Aboriginal tribes of New South Wales and Victoria" 5092: 4769: 4617: 4585: 4549:

Indigenous and Minority Placenames: Australian and International Perspectives

4395: 2482: 2439: 2405: 2262: 2130: 1899: 1757: 1386:, and Tower Hill was dated at within 3,800 years either side of 36,800 years 674: 303: 264: 240: 224: 179:

Gadubanud (Katubanut), also Yarro waetch, was spoken by a group known as the

173: 110: 5317:"Northcote byelection: Greens' Lidia Thorpe takes Melbourne seat from Labor" 2933:, meaning 'belonging to.'. It was one of a series of terms among Australian 2377:, the first indigenous player for Carlton and North Melbourne football clubs 2292: 1301:

They also created channels linking these wetlands. These channels contained

6194: 6049: 5845: 5684: 5321: 5235: 5207: 5051: 4896: 4877: 4601: 4544: 4477: 3038: 2934: 2530: 2526: 2510: 2473: 2467: 2455: 2278: 2274:

on Victoria's south-west coast were set aside to include the eastern Marr.

2247:

for the Framlingham Aboriginal Trust, with the intention that it become an

2225: 2199: 1704: 1623: 1596: 1576: 1536: 1516: 1416: 1399: 1335:

of the soil samples suggests the ponds were created up to 8,000 years ago.

1322: 1314: 1233: 1216: 1076: 521: 373: 333: 276: 236: 5166: 3786: 3693: 6131: 5985: 5943: 5929: 5887: 5866: 5810: 5768: 5726: 5698: 5590:"Is an Aboriginal tale of an ancient volcano the oldest story ever told?" 4516: 4270: 3168: 2774: 2492: 2486: 2393: 2165: 2110: 1871: 1779: 1750: 1540: 1339: 1229: 1195: 1171: 1146: 584: 456: 377: 232: 188: 87: 55: 6324:

Wotjobaluk, Jaadwa, Jadawadjali, Wergaia and Jupagulk Peoples v Victoria

5638: 4905: 4593: 6404: 6383: 6005: 5971: 5957: 5936: 5922: 5880: 5873: 4341: 4230: 3665: 3663: 2807:

It was reported that this was one of four terms (the other three being

2445: 2173: 2086: 1407: 1351: 1208: 423:, they had four sections, which however did not affect marriage rules: 381: 299: 184: 59: 4936:"Indigenous Australians: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people" 3636: 2254:

The Lake Condah Mob launched their Native Title Claim in August 1996.

194:

Djargurd Wurrong (Warn tallin, Warn thalayn,) was the language of the

5908: 5775: 5733: 5474: 5434: 5135: 5084: 4820: 4552: 4392:"On a mission: Uncovering the past of Victoria's Gunditjmara country" 4359:"Intangible Heritage of Indigenous Australians – a Victorian example" 3340:

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

3325:

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

3310:

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

2211: 1902:

and though the incident was well documented, were deemed not guilty.

1646:

Samuel Winter's station Spring Valley or Murndal, Wannon River, near

1241: 327: 295: 291: 180: 121:

groups who all spoke languages in the dialect continuum known as the

114: 4233:. Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation (GMTOAC) 3660: 2239:

In 1993, the Peek Whurrong members of the Gunditjmara purchased the

1805:

Narrerburnin, a wife of the Pallapnue gundidj headsman Koort Kirrup

1463:

50,000 acres near Port Fairy a decade after the main killings.

86:) are a clan of the Gunditjmara, whose traditional lands are around 5859: 5824: 5817: 5789: 5691: 3308:

Keerray Woorroong at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,

2949:, and serving to indicate the locality a band was associated with ( 2591:(This was an exonym, meaning 'thou', used by a neighbouring tribe.) 2374: 1796:

Picaninny Waterhole, Springbank, Glenelg River, south of Casterton

1375: 1246: 940:

Tarerer (Kellys Swamp), a swamp between Tower Hill and Merri River

368:

The Gunditjmara were divided into 59 clans, each with its headmen (

268: 5364:

A History of the Port Phillip District: Victoria Before Separation

4629:

A 'distant field of murder': Western District frontiers, 1834–1848

4138:

Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation (GMTOAC)

3735: 3338:

Djargurd Wurrong at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,

2179:

The land was reclaimed in 1951 by the government and allocated to

5978: 5950: 5622: 5294: 5198: 5168:"National Heritage Places - Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape" 4332: 4284:

Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies

3858: 3409: 2946: 1251: 1203:, the staple of the Gunditjmara diet. These include stone races; 307: 260: 4780:

Hunters and Collectors: The Antiquarian Imagination in Australia

4537:"Multiple Aboriginal placenames in western and central Victoria" 3723: 5118:

Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales

4248:

Bulletin of the Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology

2991: 2820: 2452:

for services to the Indigenous community in south-west Victoria

2271: 2221: 1131: 311: 287: 212: 5062: 3792: 3699: 1860: 1830:

place unknown, perhaps identical to Murdering Flat (2) above.

1638:

1 Gunditmara man, stabbed with sheep shears. Oral version 40.

1228:

led to her contending that they had a sophisticated system of

1190:

The Gunditjmara are traditionally river and lake people, with

5838: 5213:

Convincing Ground: Learning to Fall in Love with Your Country

4753:

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

4258: 4150: 4148: 4146: 2886: 2412:(the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research) at 2346: 2244: 2217:

Aboriginal Land (Lake Condah and Framlingham Forest) Act 1987

1609: 1523:

Resisting dispossession, the Gunditjmara concentrated in the

1302: 1280:

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

1237: 1204: 5608:. Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation. 4972:"Study dates Victorian volcano that buried a human-made axe" 5240:

Dark Emu: Aboriginal Australia and the Birth of Agriculture

4008: 3810: 3323:

Gadubanud at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,

2481:, musician, 2020 Victorian of the Year, winner of multiple 2409: 2356: 882:

Pallapnue gundidj Their clan head was Koort Kirrup (1840),

160: 6315:

Members of the Yorta Yorta Aboriginal Community v Victoria

4600: 4143: 3642: 2533:/Gunditjmara woman, first Aboriginal woman elected to the 1515:) noted in a Weslayen Mission meeting in 1841 that in the 1394:

which tell of volcanic eruptions being some of the oldest

388:

respectively. The Gunditjmara groups are divided into two

5398:. Melbourne: John Ferres, Government Printer – via 5010: 3938: 3936: 3388: 2325:. The TOAC owns culturally significant properties across 2299:

Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation

2293:

Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation

1587:

from 60 to 200 people, decimating all but 2 tribespeople

4681:

David, Bruno; Haberle, Simon G.; Walker, Donald (2012).

4340: 4265:. Department of Environment, Victorian Government. 2007. 4104: 3834: 3669: 3369: 3367: 3776: 3774: 3759: 3747: 3675: 3626: 3624: 3599: 3597: 3500: 3488: 1689:

A shepherd named Blood maliciously wounded Woolangwang

1221:

Aboriginal Engineers of the Western District, Victoria,

4934: 4803:"The Gunditjmara People's native title determinations" 4659:

Untold Stories: Memories and Lives of Victorian Kooris

4606:

Aboriginal Engineers of the Western District, Victoria

3972: 3933: 3885: 3846: 3648: 3567: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3476: 2795: 2408:, cancer researcher, Laboratory Head of Immunology at 1575:

Convincing Grounds two miles west of the mouth of the

5542: 4604:; Frank, R. K.; Hughes, P.; Vanderwal, R. L. (1978). 4056: 3609: 3584: 3582: 3364: 3125: 3041:

came ashore at Portland on 19 November of that year (

1859:

I Gunditjmara, shot dead while reportedly wielding a

1550:

28 massacres in Gunditjmara country 1833/4 to ?

27:

Aboriginal Australian people of southwestern Victoria

5290:"Life was not a walkabout for Victoria's Aborigines" 5256: 5180:

See also attached documents: National Heritage List

4755:: Inclusion of Places in the National Heritage List" 4379:"Aboriginal digger's family fights for compensation" 4121: 4119: 3909: 3875: 3873: 3822: 3771: 3729: 3621: 3594: 1923:

9 killed: three men, three women and three children

1608:

Joseph Bonsor, shepherd and hutkeeper, who had been

5598:

American Association for the Advancement of Science

4992:"Fifty years of Quaternary palynology in Australia" 4195: 4068: 4044: 4020: 3948: 3921: 3897: 3798: 3711: 3555: 3531: 3512: 3466: 3464: 3287: 1240:volcanic areas, especially the area comprising the 1236:. They built stone dams to hold the water in these 5552:. Tasmania, Australia. 11 November 1841. p. 3 4749: 4728:Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development 4680: 4626: 4608:. Records of the Victorian Archaeological Survey. 4171: 3741: 3705: 3579: 3543: 3357:Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development 2224:on the land, unlike trusts or communities holding 467:The following is a list of the Gunditjmara clans ( 5332:"Aborigines may have and farmed eels, built huts" 4994:. Ecological Society of Australia. Archived from 4116: 3984: 3960: 3870: 1788:'dozens' reportedly killed by arsenic poisoning. 1666:Samuel Winter's station Spring Valley or Murndal 929:mouth of Glenelg River. Clan head Mingbum (1840) 98:) are another clan group, whose lands are around 6489: 5170:. Dept of Agriculture, Water and the Environment 4808:. National Native Title Tribunal. 30 March 2007. 4183: 4159: 4092: 4080: 4032: 3996: 3461: 452:However these terms refer to 4 of the 58 clans. 3433: 3431: 3429: 3427: 1683:Merino Downs station, Wannon River, near Henty 3694:Dept of Agriculture, Water and the Environment 2990:Archaeologically not all circular outcrops of 2364:member of the First XI Aboriginal Cricket Team 2074:An estimated 30 Aborigines, including babies. 2008:Mullagh station, nearly 7 miles north of 1411:(white people) date as far back as 1810, when 170:Victorian Aboriginal Corporation for Languages 5654: 4688:. In Haberle, Simon G.; David, Bruno (eds.). 2560:(an ethnonnym from the name for the language) 2389:Australia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 1309:made by women to cull mature eels. Professor 5272: 4801: 4328:"Anger over plans to build on massacre site" 4110: 3424: 2950: 2608:(This referred the Woolsthorpe Mopor horde.) 251:The way of life of the Aboriginal people of 5406: 3765: 3360:. Cambridge University Press. p. xxxv. 2917:(see 10 below). According to James Dawson, 1254:in which they harvested short-finned eels ( 786:southwest or west-southwest of Mount Rouse 764:near Sisters Point, southwest of Killarney 5661: 5647: 4300: 4216:, pp. 16, 20–21, 25, 29, 42, 52, 179. 4014: 3816: 3239: 3225: 3055: 2851: 1822:'Kitting', 'Marg', and 'Piccaninny Jemmy' 1727:A stockman employed by the Henty brothers 1675:1 Gunditjmara youth wounded, fate unknown 223:. Their eastern boundaries lay around the 133:Gunditjmara is formed from two morphemes: 5668: 5612: 5134: 4919:The Native Tribes of South-east Australia 4895: 4776: 4655: 4624: 4506: 4476: 3840: 3270: 2537:, first Aboriginal Victorian federal MP ( 2057:Tarerer (Jupiter) and Tykoohe (Cocknose) 1874:, some 12 miles north of Port Fairy 1816:Wanedeet gundidj clan of the Gunditjmara 1713:5 Gunditjmara or Djab wurrung men killed 874:junction of Merri River and Spring Creek 286:They also built huts from wood and local 5342: 5287: 4969: 4954: 4245: 3828: 3780: 3630: 3603: 3437: 2416:, first Indigenous Australian to attend 2329:on behalf of the Gunditjmara community. 1286:Several designated areas comprising the 306:, also known as yam sticks, for digging 5421: 5107: 5050: 4989: 4860:Macknight, Charles Hamilton (1819–1873) 4812: 4692:. Canberra: ANU E Press. pp. 3–23. 4325: 4074: 4062: 3717: 3654: 3482: 3373: 3185: 2873: 2628: 1983:9 shot dead in two separate incidents. 1350:, had a rich fish diet, which included 227:. Their neighbours to the west are the 14: 6498:Aboriginal peoples of Victoria (state) 6490: 6296:Laws concerning Indigenous Australians 6217:Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Register 5587: 5564: 5463: 5329: 5234: 5206: 4912: 4875: 4696: 4569: 4531: 4485: 4356: 4177: 3915: 3891: 3864: 3753: 3615: 3588: 3561: 3506: 3494: 3293: 3141: 3073: 2995: 2838: 2824: 2794:gives this spelling on their website ( 2632: 2383:, singer who won the eighth season of 2307:Registered Native Title Body Corporate 1951:near Donald McKenzie's station on the 1756:Thought to have occurred after one of 1511:Rev Benjamin Hurst (missionary to the 1398:in existence. An axe found underneath 1219:and others argued, in a work entitled 907:junction of Glenelg and Stokes Rivers 363: 6253:Minister for Treaty and First Peoples 5642: 5385: 5191: 5147: 4721: 4455: 4433: 4402: 4376: 4269: 4213: 4201: 4125: 4050: 4026: 3990: 3978: 3966: 3954: 3942: 3927: 3879: 3852: 3804: 3681: 3573: 3549: 3537: 3525: 3350: 3253: 3198: 3172: 3154: 3112: 3099: 3086: 3042: 3026: 3012: 2978: 2964: 2779: 2458:, Richmond and Collingwood AFL player 2210:. The federal Labor government under 1738:Clover Flat, junction of junction of 1470:at a site that later became known as 808:Boodcarra Lake, west of Goose Lagoon 172:as a separate language; it is of the 5606:"Budj Bim National Heritage Listing" 5567:"Our Queen's Birthday Honours, 2017" 5491: 5475:Australian National University Press 5435:Australian National University Press 5357: 5314: 5030: 4942: 4856: 4837: 4553:Australian National University Press 4389: 4189: 4165: 4098: 4086: 4038: 4002: 3903: 3470: 3344: 3212: 2566:( = name of Lake Condah = = man), 2551: 1168:Yowen (Yowenillum/ Tarrone) gundidj 819:Marm reserve, south of Lake Wangoom 6013:Deen Maar Indigenous Protected Area 5336:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 4970:Johnson, Sian (26 February 2020a). 4383:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 4326:Boulton, Martin (28 January 2005). 3448:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 3438:Bissland, Emily (23 January 2022). 2277:On 27 July 2011, together with the 24: 5588:Barras, Colin (11 February 2020). 5581: 5495:The Gunditjmara Land Justice Story 5288:Phillips, Graham (13 March 2003). 5242:. Magabala Books. pp. 85–86. 5156:Australian Dictionary of Biography 4955:Johnson, Sian (19 January 2020b). 4865:Australian Dictionary of Biography 4846:Australian Dictionary of Biography 3299: 3025:whale (stranded) to a whitebait' ( 2887:Australian Endangered Species 2007 2442:, Essendon and St Kilda AFL player 1296:the burning of some 7,000 hectares 962:southeast of Spring Creek station 498:Tarrone station, near Moyne Swamp 70:. Their land includes much of the 25: 6519: 5345:"A forgotten war, a haunted land" 4990:Kershaw, Peter (17 August 2012). 4762:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette 2660:('good'; also used as a greeting) 2424:as a postdoctoral research fellow 2355:'s Indigenous Research Fellow at 2332: 2028:Euremete and Lyne stations, near 2020:1 aboriginal, Jim, was shot dead 2000:2 Aborigines killed, one wounded 1971:Headwaters of the Crawford River 1423: 684:Kerup gundidj (aka Kerrup Jmara) 5565:Whelan, Melanie (12 June 2017). 5343:Saunders, Ken (10 August 2013). 4816:Archaeology of Ancient Australia 3742:David, Haberle & Walker 2012 2921:, properly to be transcribed as 1775:and junction with Glenelg River 1635:William Heath, shepherd, killed 1474:in an incident now known as the 863:south-southwest of Mount Napier 6125:Chiltern-Mt Pilot National Park 5613:Marcussen, Lisa (August 2015). 5407:Stichtenoth, Karen (May 2006). 4508:10.1179/0027773813Z.00000000059 4377:Burin, Margaret (29 May 2012). 4155:AFL Players Indigenous Map 2023 3397: 3259: 3245: 3231: 3218: 3204: 3191: 3178: 3160: 3147: 3134: 3118: 3105: 3092: 3079: 3061: 3048: 3032: 3018: 3001: 2984: 2970: 2956: 2892: 2879: 2857: 2844: 2830: 2309:(RNTBC) under the Commonwealth 2189: 2151: 1853:James Guthrie, overseer at the 1405:The beginnings of contact with 416:woodlands, now mainly cleared. 6282:Aboriginal Protection Act 1869 6224:Victoria Archaeological Survey 6167:Mount William stone axe quarry 5330:Salleh, Anna (13 March 2003). 5315:Raue, Ben (18 November 2017). 5192:Nolan, Kellee (28 July 2011). 5151:Learmonth, William (1815–1889) 5056:Journey to Aboriginal Victoria 4841:Cooke, Cecil Pybus (1813–1895) 4495:Names: A Journal of Onomastics 4390:Chai, Paul (27 January 2017). 4344:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre 3329: 3314: 2905:would be 'an (Aboriginal) man( 2801: 2785: 2768: 2359:and senior knowledge custodian 2158:Framlingham Aboriginal Station 1342:them with burning leaves from 1149:station and Allandale station 412:, the latter once thriving in 54:of the areas now encompassing 13: 1: 6045:Registered Aboriginal Parties 5544:"WESLEYAN MISSIONARY MEETING" 5194:"Aborigines win native title" 4948:North Melbourne Football Club 4342:"Budj Bim Cultural Landscape" 3007:Another word for eel exists, 2925:, functioned like the suffix 2867:in some of the dialects, and 2670:Ngutjung yangi-yangi ngutjung 2638: 2547:, Australian rules footballer 2470:, Australian rules footballer 2371:, Australian rules footballer 2341:, the first and only elected 2208:Victorian Legislative Council 2079:Between August 1843 and 1849 1742:. and the Wannon River, near 239:peoples, and in the east the 6275:Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006 6160:Lake Bolac stone arrangement 6118:Carisbrook stone arrangement 3670:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 3281: 2322:Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006 2034:unknown clan of Gunditjmara 1833:unknown clan of Gunditjmara 1730:1 Gunditjmara shot wantonly 1250:volcano, creating ponds and 1017:Tahara and Murndal stations 852:southeast of Crawford River 830:southwest of Crawford River 597:southwest of Tahara station 321: 279:on their backs, as drums in 7: 6508:Western District (Victoria) 6503:History of Victoria (state) 5492:Weir, Jessica Kate (2009). 5032:"Lake Condah Land Transfer" 4610:Aboriginal Affairs Victoria 4547:; Kostanski, Laura (eds.). 3867:, pp. 10, 93–96, p.93. 2796:Indigenous Australians 2018 2749: 2430:, Brisbane Lions AFL player 2317:Registered Aboriginal Party 2145:20 men, women and children 2115:Gunjditjmara, clan.unknown 2092:Gunjditjmara, clan.unknown 2068:Gunjditjmara, clan.unknown 1746:. Called 'Murdering Flat'. 1724:a presumed Gunditjmara man 1567:Aboriginal deaths reported 1288:Budj Bim Cultural Landscape 1277:on 20 July 2004, under the 144: 10: 6524: 6377:Convincing Ground massacre 5369:Melbourne University Press 5260:. Google Scholar citations 5160:Melbourne University Press 5148:Moore, Michael T. (1974). 4869:Melbourne University Press 4850:Melbourne University Press 4785:Cambridge University Press 4733:Cambridge University Press 4664:Melbourne University Press 4635:Melbourne University Press 4222: 2259:Federal Court of Australia 1957:Net net yune gundidj clan 1771:Wannon River, between the 1760:.'s shepherds was killed. 1692:1 man, Woolangwang, died. 1476:Convincing Ground massacre 1427: 1361: 1338:The eels were prepared by 1292:UNESCO World Heritage List 1183: 1179: 948:Tarngonene wurrer gundidj 325: 246: 202: 148: 125:("Gunditjmara language"). 6421: 6338: 6305: 6269: 6262: 6237: 6204: 6098: 6089: 6043: 5995: 5676: 5350:The Sydney Morning Herald 5182:Location and Boundary Map 5016:The Sydney Morning Herald 3390:The Sydney Morning Herald 2945:, affixed to a prominent 2402:, playwright and musician 2249:Indigenous Protected Area 1850:Unknown Gunditjmara:clan 1686:unknown Gunditjmara clan 1669:unknown Gunditjmara clan 1652:unknown Gunditjmara clan 1632:unknown Gunditjmara clan 1605:unknown Gunditjmara clan 1325:in his best-selling work 1086:Worerome killink gundidj 1075:northeast of the head of 1039:southwest of Mount Rouse 410:Red-tailed black cockatoo 231:people, to the north the 157:Dhauwurd wurrung language 151:Dhauwurd Wurrung language 123:Dhauwurd Wurrung language 6412:Murdering Gully massacre 6370:Campaspe Plains massacre 5218:Aboriginal Studies Press 4876:Horton, Jessica (2015). 4625:Critchett, Jan (1990) . 4586:10.1002/arco.1994.29.1.1 4357:Builth, Heather (2009). 3730:Google Scholar citations 2951:Peterson & Long 1986 2761: 2450:Order of Australia Medal 2214:intervened, passing the 2071:Settler vigilante group 1978:Australian native police 1763:No. of victims unknown. 1697:Before 17 February 1840 1498:George Augustus Robinson 1294:in 2019. In the wake of 462: 398:sulphur-crested cockatoo 215:. Northwards they reach 6398:Mudgegonga rock shelter 6139:Grampians National Park 5423:Tindale, Norman Barnett 5409:"Once were eel farmers" 4813:Hiscock, Peter (2007). 4777:Griffiths, Tom (1996). 4656:Critchett, Jan (1998). 3706:Government Gazette 2004 2756:Budj Bim heritage areas 2283:Lady Julia Percy Island 2194:In 1987, the Victorian 1974:Pallapnue gundidj clan 1703:unknown Gunditjmara or 1502:Protector of Aborigines 1186:Budj Bim heritage areas 871:Omebegare rege gundidj 750:Mendeet gundidj marayn 128: 72:Budj Bim heritage areas 46:people of southwestern 5279:. Oceania Monographs. 4897:10.22459/AH.39.2015.10 4573:Archaeology in Oceania 4478:10.22459/AH.35.2011.04 4307:Old Melbourne Memories 3228:, pp. 65, 84–85). 2963:and Portland natives ( 2535:Parliament of Victoria 2502:Australian of the Year 2385:The X Factor Australia 2257:On 30 March 2007, the 2243:under the auspices of 1778:Either Gunditjmara or 1768:Perhaps November 1840 1749:Either Gunditjmara or 1718:February / March 1840 1622:Merino Downs station, 1595:Merino Downs station, 1581:Kilcarer gundidj clan 1527:from which they waged 1275:National Heritage List 1267:Budj Bim National Park 580:Can can corro gundidj 471:), taken from that in 294:), with roofs made of 6427:By state or territory 5670:Aboriginal Victorians 5549:Launceston Advertiser 4857:Hone, J. Ann (1974). 4838:Hone, J. Ann (1969). 4764:(P 7). 20 July 2004. 3127:Launceston Advertiser 2977:enjoy the eel catch ( 2819:(swamp)) designating 2436:, Essendon AFL player 2312:Native Title Act 1993 2263:Justice Anthony North 2051:Nillan gundidj clan, 1937:Moperer gundidj clan 1894:Moperer gundidj clan 1813:Valley of 'Cor.roit' 1184:Further information: 849:Net net yune gundidj 797:south of Mount Rouse 487:Approximate location 421:Alfred William Howitt 326:Further information: 257:Aboriginal Victorians 44:Aboriginal Australian 5387:Smyth, Robert Brough 4944:"Indigenous origins" 4555:. pp. 239–250. 4441:. Heritage Matters. 4419:. pp. 135–139. 4366:Historic Environment 4315:Macmillan Publishers 2929:in words like London 2518:commissioned officer 2434:Nathan Lovett-Murray 2414:Melbourne University 2319:under the Victorian 2139:Kerup gundidj clan, 2126:1840s?-early 1850s? 2054:Native Police Corps 1799:Elderly Gunditjmara 1561:Aborigines involved 1344:Australian blackwood 1047:Weereweerip gundidj 918:Port Fairy townsite 805:Mum keelunk gundidj 783:Mordoneneet gundidj 255:differed from other 119:Aboriginal Victorian 6391:Gippsland massacres 6363:Blood Hole massacre 6238:State organisations 6181:Sunbury earth rings 5465:Turner, Henry Gyles 5427:"Gunditjmara (VIC)" 5077:2020Geo....48..390M 5038:on 13 February 2020 3793:Matchan et al. 2020 3405:"Possum skin cloak" 2998:, pp. 4–5, 8). 2708:(This is our place) 2500:, first Indigenous 2285:, known to them as 2233:Lake Condah Mission 2135:Lake Condah Mission 2048:Eumeralla district 1916:Yowen gundidj clan 1877:Yowen gundidj clan 1564:Europeans involved 1551: 1374:, showed that both 1273:) was added to the 1145:between Campbell's 1120:and Glenelg Rivers 1025:Warerangur gundidj 984:near Hopkins River 926:Tarrerwung gundidj 904:Ponungdeet gundidj 838:Nartitbeer gundidj 816:Mumdorrong gundidj 638:Cupponenet gundidj 616:Cartcorang gundidj 583:south-southeast of 528:and Glenelg Rivers 402:Long-billed corella 392:, respectively the 364:Social organisation 6440:Northern Territory 6174:New Guinea II cave 5560:– via Trove. 5186:Government Gazette 4883:Aboriginal History 4465:Aboriginal History 3684:, pp. 16, 20. 3643:Coutts et al. 1978 3256:, pp. 54–56). 3242:, pp. 69–70). 3201:, pp. 35–36). 3175:, pp. 27–28). 2903:Cart conedeet marr 2606:Spring Creek tribe 2595:Nil-can-cone-deets 2545:Jamarra Ugle-Hagan 2448:, who was awarded 2206:opposition in the 2129:Murderers Flat by 1847:Eumeralla station 1549: 1513:Port Phillip tribe 1372:argon-argon dating 1368:radiometric dating 1333:radiocarbon dating 1290:were added to the 1192:Framlingham Forest 995:Portland township 827:Narcurrer gundidj 717:Lay gundidj mallo 698:Convincing Ground 536:Biteboren gundidj 357:Puit puit chepetch 353:native cherry wood 273:Possum-skin cloaks 52:traditional owners 6485: 6484: 6475:Western Australia 6334: 6333: 6246:Heritage Victoria 6233: 6232: 6034:Lake Boga mission 5634:on 12 April 2020. 5484:978-1-108-03982-6 5444:978-0-708-10741-6 5378:978-0-522-85064-2 5227:978-0-855-75549-2 5018:. 8 February 2004 4830:978-1-134-30440-0 4794:978-0-521-48349-0 4742:978-0-521-47378-1 4673:978-0-522-84818-2 4644:978-0-522-84389-7 4562:978-1-925-02163-9 4448:978-1-876-40406-2 4293:978-0-858-83543-6 4111:Native Title 2007 4017:, pp. 74–79. 3981:, pp. 17–56. 3945:, pp. 12–13. 3855:, pp. 17–19. 3819:, pp. 51–62. 3756:, pp. 85–86. 3576:, pp. 15–16. 3509:, pp. 27–28. 3497:, pp. 51–52. 3188:, pp. 44–45) 2672:(good, very good) 2622:Weeritch-Weeritch 2552:Alternative names 2539:Australian Greens 2400:Richard Frankland 2181:returnee soldiers 2149: 2148: 2096:William Learmonth 1888:24 February 1842 1870:Tarrone station, 1855:Eumeralla station 1658:2 Gunditmara men 1614:1 Gunditmara man 1472:Convincing Ground 1319:Monash University 1258:or more commonly 1213:Egyptian pyramids 1201:short-finned eels 1177: 1176: 1160:Mount Eckersley. 1104:Mount Warrnambool 1072:Worcarre gundidj 1014:Wanedeet gundidj 1006:Grasmere station 731:Griffiths Island 695:Kilcarer gundidj 539:Grasmere station 506:Ballumin gundidj 338:Deen Maar/Dhinmar 141:, meaning "man". 16:(Redirected from 6515: 6477: 6470: 6463: 6456: 6449: 6442: 6435: 6428: 6414: 6407: 6400: 6393: 6386: 6379: 6372: 6365: 6358: 6356:Battle of Yering 6351: 6327: 6318: 6298: 6291: 6284: 6277: 6267: 6266: 6255: 6248: 6226: 6219: 6208: 6197: 6190: 6183: 6176: 6169: 6162: 6155: 6148: 6141: 6134: 6127: 6120: 6113: 6106: 6096: 6095: 6082: 6075: 6068: 6061: 6036: 6029: 6022: 6020:Ebenezer Mission 6015: 6008: 5988: 5981: 5974: 5967: 5960: 5953: 5946: 5939: 5932: 5925: 5918: 5911: 5904: 5902:Pallanganmiddang 5897: 5890: 5883: 5876: 5869: 5862: 5855: 5848: 5841: 5834: 5827: 5820: 5813: 5806: 5799: 5792: 5785: 5778: 5771: 5764: 5762:Djargurd Wurrong 5757: 5750: 5743: 5736: 5729: 5722: 5715: 5708: 5701: 5694: 5687: 5663: 5656: 5649: 5640: 5639: 5635: 5633: 5627:. Archived from 5619: 5609: 5601: 5576: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5530:on 21 March 2015 5529: 5523:. Archived from 5500: 5488: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5447:. Archived from 5418: 5403: 5400:Internet Archive 5397: 5382: 5354: 5339: 5326: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5298:. Archived from 5284: 5269: 5267: 5265: 5253: 5231: 5203: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5163: 5144: 5141:Internet Archive 5138: 5136:10.5962/p.359439 5104: 5085:10.1130/G47166.1 5059: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5007: 5005: 5003: 4998:on 20 March 2020 4986: 4984: 4982: 4966: 4951: 4939: 4931: 4928:Internet Archive 4909: 4899: 4872: 4853: 4834: 4809: 4807: 4798: 4773: 4759: 4746: 4718: 4715:Internet Archive 4711:George Robertson 4708: 4693: 4687: 4677: 4652: 4649:Internet Archive 4632: 4621: 4597: 4566: 4528: 4510: 4482: 4480: 4452: 4430: 4414: 4399: 4396:Traveller.com.au 4386: 4373: 4363: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4337: 4322: 4319:Internet Archive 4312: 4302:Boldrewood, Rolf 4297: 4281: 4266: 4264: 4255: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4217: 4211: 4205: 4199: 4193: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4169: 4163: 4157: 4152: 4141: 4135: 4129: 4123: 4114: 4108: 4102: 4096: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4000: 3994: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3894:, pp. 3–12. 3889: 3883: 3877: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3769: 3766:Stichtenoth 2006 3763: 3757: 3751: 3745: 3744:, pp. 3–23. 3739: 3733: 3727: 3721: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3658: 3652: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3628: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3592: 3586: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3535: 3529: 3523: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3459: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3435: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3401: 3395: 3386: 3377: 3371: 3362: 3361: 3348: 3342: 3333: 3327: 3318: 3312: 3303: 3297: 3291: 3275: 3263: 3257: 3249: 3243: 3235: 3229: 3222: 3216: 3208: 3202: 3195: 3189: 3182: 3176: 3164: 3158: 3151: 3145: 3138: 3132: 3122: 3116: 3109: 3103: 3096: 3090: 3083: 3077: 3065: 3059: 3052: 3046: 3036: 3030: 3022: 3016: 3005: 2999: 2988: 2982: 2974: 2968: 2960: 2954: 2909:) belonging to ( 2896: 2890: 2883: 2877: 2861: 2855: 2848: 2842: 2834: 2828: 2805: 2799: 2789: 2783: 2772: 2600:Port Fairy tribe 2583:Kuurn-kopan-noot 2499: 2489:and other awards 2480: 2387:and represented 2381:Isaiah Firebrace 2327:Western Victoria 2196:Labor government 2005:25 January 1844 1913:Tarrone station 1552: 1548: 1543:and Port Fairy. 1529:guerilla warfare 1488:Governor Latrobe 1128:Yambeet gundidj 937:Tarerer gundidj 915:Pyipgil gundidj 841:Dunmore station 772:Moperer gundidj 761:Moonwer gundidj 619:Lake Cartcorang 594:Carnbul gundidj 569:Bonedol gundidj 547:Bokerer gundidj 478: 477: 253:Western Victoria 209:Cape Bridgewater 196:Djargurd Wurrong 107:Djargurd Wurrung 40:Dhauwurd Wurrung 38:, also known as 21: 6523: 6522: 6518: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6513: 6512: 6488: 6487: 6486: 6481: 6480: 6473: 6466: 6459: 6454:South Australia 6452: 6445: 6438: 6433:New South Wales 6431: 6426: 6417: 6410: 6403: 6396: 6389: 6382: 6375: 6368: 6361: 6354: 6349:Batman's Treaty 6347: 6330: 6321: 6312: 6301: 6294: 6287: 6280: 6273: 6258: 6251: 6244: 6229: 6222: 6215: 6206: 6200: 6193: 6186: 6179: 6172: 6165: 6158: 6151: 6144: 6137: 6130: 6123: 6116: 6109: 6102: 6085: 6078: 6071: 6064: 6057: 6048: 6039: 6032: 6025: 6018: 6011: 6004: 5991: 5984: 5977: 5970: 5963: 5956: 5949: 5942: 5935: 5928: 5921: 5914: 5907: 5900: 5893: 5886: 5879: 5872: 5865: 5858: 5851: 5844: 5837: 5830: 5823: 5816: 5809: 5802: 5795: 5788: 5781: 5774: 5767: 5760: 5753: 5746: 5739: 5732: 5725: 5718: 5711: 5704: 5697: 5690: 5683: 5672: 5667: 5631: 5617: 5604: 5584: 5582:Further reading 5579: 5555: 5553: 5533: 5531: 5527: 5513: 5512:978-085575439-6 5498: 5485: 5473:. Vol. 1. 5454: 5452: 5451:on 8 April 2017 5445: 5414:Monash Magazine 5395: 5379: 5367:. Vol. 1. 5305: 5303: 5263: 5261: 5258:"Peter Kershaw" 5250: 5249:978-192124801-6 5228: 5188:, 20 July 2004. 5173: 5171: 5158:. Vol. 5. 5041: 5039: 5021: 5019: 5001: 4999: 4980: 4978: 4867:. Vol. 5. 4848:. Vol. 3. 4831: 4805: 4795: 4757: 4743: 4723:Dixon, R. M. W. 4706: 4685: 4674: 4645: 4563: 4449: 4427: 4412: 4361: 4347: 4345: 4310: 4294: 4279: 4271:Blake, Barry J. 4262: 4236: 4234: 4225: 4220: 4212: 4208: 4200: 4196: 4188: 4184: 4176: 4172: 4164: 4160: 4153: 4144: 4136: 4132: 4124: 4117: 4109: 4105: 4097: 4093: 4085: 4081: 4073: 4069: 4061: 4057: 4049: 4045: 4037: 4033: 4025: 4021: 4015:Boldrewood 1896 4013: 4009: 4001: 3997: 3989: 3985: 3977: 3973: 3965: 3961: 3953: 3949: 3941: 3934: 3926: 3922: 3914: 3910: 3902: 3898: 3890: 3886: 3878: 3871: 3863: 3859: 3851: 3847: 3839: 3835: 3827: 3823: 3817:Boldrewood 1896 3815: 3811: 3803: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3779: 3772: 3764: 3760: 3752: 3748: 3740: 3736: 3728: 3724: 3716: 3712: 3704: 3700: 3692: 3688: 3680: 3676: 3668: 3661: 3653: 3649: 3641: 3637: 3629: 3622: 3618:, pp. 3–4. 3614: 3610: 3602: 3595: 3587: 3580: 3572: 3568: 3560: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3536: 3532: 3524: 3513: 3505: 3501: 3493: 3489: 3481: 3477: 3469: 3462: 3452: 3450: 3436: 3425: 3415: 3413: 3403: 3402: 3398: 3387: 3380: 3372: 3365: 3352:Dixon, R. M. W. 3349: 3345: 3334: 3330: 3319: 3315: 3304: 3300: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3279: 3278: 3273:, pp. 2–3) 3264: 3260: 3250: 3246: 3240:Boldrewood 1896 3236: 3232: 3226:Boldrewood 1896 3223: 3219: 3215:, p. 131). 3209: 3205: 3196: 3192: 3183: 3179: 3165: 3161: 3152: 3148: 3139: 3135: 3123: 3119: 3110: 3106: 3097: 3093: 3084: 3080: 3076:, p. 216). 3066: 3062: 3056:Boldrewood 1896 3053: 3049: 3037: 3033: 3023: 3019: 3015:, p. 184). 3006: 3002: 2989: 2985: 2975: 2971: 2961: 2957: 2897: 2893: 2884: 2880: 2876:, p. 297). 2862: 2858: 2852:Boldrewood 1896 2849: 2845: 2835: 2831: 2806: 2802: 2790: 2786: 2773: 2769: 2764: 2752: 2747: 2706:thin wurn-ngayi 2641: 2585:(language name) 2564:Gournditch-mara 2554: 2522:Australian Army 2495: 2476: 2369:Dakota Davidson 2362:Johnny Cuzens, 2353:Vice Chancellor 2351:Vicki Couzens, 2335: 2295: 2192: 2154: 2121:unknown number 2111:Squattleseamere 1968:September 1843 1844:3 January 1842 1773:Sandford Bridge 1500:, the official 1457:Rolf Boldrewood 1432: 1426: 1396:oral traditions 1364: 1188: 1182: 1142:Yarrer gundidj 1052:Eumeralla River 1036:Waywac gundidj 1028:Aringa station 970:Tolite gundidj 959:Teerar gundidj 860:Nillan gundidj 728:Mallun gundidj 706:Koroit gundidj 671:Gilgar gundidj 465: 376:located around 366: 330: 324: 277:to carry babies 249: 205: 153: 147: 131: 50:. They are the 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6521: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6483: 6482: 6479: 6478: 6471: 6464: 6457: 6450: 6443: 6436: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6416: 6415: 6408: 6401: 6394: 6387: 6380: 6373: 6366: 6359: 6352: 6344: 6342: 6336: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6328: 6319: 6309: 6307: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6299: 6292: 6289:Half-Caste Act 6285: 6278: 6270: 6264: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6256: 6249: 6241: 6239: 6235: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6227: 6220: 6212: 6210: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6198: 6191: 6188:Tarragal Caves 6184: 6177: 6170: 6163: 6156: 6149: 6142: 6135: 6128: 6121: 6114: 6107: 6099: 6093: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6083: 6076: 6069: 6062: 6059:Barengi Gadjin 6054: 6052: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6037: 6030: 6023: 6016: 6009: 6001: 5999: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5989: 5982: 5975: 5968: 5961: 5954: 5947: 5940: 5933: 5926: 5919: 5912: 5905: 5898: 5891: 5884: 5877: 5870: 5863: 5856: 5849: 5842: 5835: 5832:Krauatungalang 5828: 5821: 5814: 5807: 5800: 5793: 5786: 5779: 5772: 5765: 5758: 5751: 5744: 5737: 5730: 5723: 5716: 5709: 5702: 5695: 5688: 5680: 5678: 5674: 5673: 5666: 5665: 5658: 5651: 5643: 5637: 5636: 5610: 5602: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5577: 5562: 5540: 5511: 5489: 5483: 5461: 5443: 5419: 5404: 5383: 5377: 5359:Shaw, A. G. L. 5355: 5340: 5327: 5312: 5302:on 12 May 2004 5285: 5270: 5254: 5248: 5232: 5226: 5204: 5189: 5164: 5145: 5109:Mathews, R. H. 5105: 5071:(4): 390–394. 5060: 5048: 5028: 5008: 4987: 4967: 4952: 4950:. 29 May 2018. 4940: 4932: 4910: 4873: 4854: 4835: 4829: 4810: 4799: 4793: 4774: 4747: 4741: 4719: 4694: 4678: 4672: 4653: 4643: 4622: 4598: 4567: 4561: 4529: 4483: 4453: 4447: 4431: 4425: 4400: 4387: 4374: 4354: 4338: 4323: 4298: 4292: 4267: 4256: 4243: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4218: 4206: 4194: 4182: 4170: 4158: 4142: 4130: 4115: 4103: 4091: 4079: 4067: 4055: 4043: 4031: 4019: 4007: 3995: 3983: 3971: 3959: 3947: 3932: 3920: 3908: 3906:, p. 130. 3896: 3884: 3869: 3857: 3845: 3843:, p. 109. 3841:Griffiths 1996 3833: 3821: 3809: 3797: 3785: 3770: 3758: 3746: 3734: 3722: 3710: 3698: 3686: 3674: 3659: 3657:, p. 253. 3647: 3635: 3620: 3608: 3593: 3578: 3566: 3554: 3542: 3530: 3511: 3499: 3487: 3485:, p. 297. 3475: 3460: 3423: 3396: 3378: 3376:, p. 204. 3363: 3343: 3328: 3313: 3298: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3276: 3271:Critchett 1998 3258: 3244: 3230: 3217: 3203: 3190: 3177: 3159: 3157:, p. 23). 3146: 3133: 3117: 3115:, p. 22). 3104: 3091: 3078: 3060: 3058:, p. 67). 3047: 3045:, p. 22). 3031: 3017: 3000: 2983: 2981:, p. 43). 2969: 2967:, p. 46). 2955: 2953:, p. 47). 2935:band societies 2891: 2878: 2856: 2843: 2829: 2827:, p. 245) 2800: 2784: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2759: 2758: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2709: 2703: 2697: 2691: 2685: 2679: 2673: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2649: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635:, p. 69, 2631:, p. 204 2625: 2624: 2619: 2617:Villiers tribe 2614: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2568:Gurnditschmara 2561: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2542: 2524: 2508: 2490: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2453: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2425: 2403: 2397: 2391: 2378: 2372: 2366: 2360: 2349: 2334: 2333:Notable people 2331: 2294: 2291: 2191: 2188: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2127: 2123: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2107: 2103: 2102: 2099: 2093: 2090: 2089:pastoral runs 2080: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2065:Mount Eccles, 2063: 2059: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2026: 2022: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2006: 2002: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1965: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1953:Crawford River 1949: 1945: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1921: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1907: 1906: 1903: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1868: 1867:February 1842 1864: 1863: 1857: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1841: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1790: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1776: 1769: 1765: 1764: 1761: 1754: 1747: 1736: 1732: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1680:February 1840 1677: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1663:November 1838 1660: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1620: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1606: 1603: 1593: 1589: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1573: 1569: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1443:Eumerella Wars 1436:Henty Brothers 1430:Eumerella Wars 1428:Main article: 1425: 1424:Eumerella Wars 1422: 1392:oral histories 1363: 1360: 1321:, as cited by 1271:Condah Mission 1226:Heather Builth 1181: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1169: 1166: 1162: 1161: 1158: 1157:Yiyar gundidj 1155: 1151: 1150: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1129: 1126: 1122: 1121: 1114: 1113:Yallo gundidj 1111: 1107: 1106: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1079: 1073: 1070: 1066: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1054: 1048: 1045: 1041: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1030: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1008: 1007: 1004: 1001: 997: 996: 993: 990: 986: 985: 982: 979: 975: 974: 971: 968: 964: 963: 960: 957: 953: 952: 949: 946: 942: 941: 938: 935: 931: 930: 927: 924: 920: 919: 916: 913: 909: 908: 905: 902: 898: 897: 894: 891: 887: 886: 883: 880: 876: 875: 872: 869: 865: 864: 861: 858: 854: 853: 850: 847: 843: 842: 839: 836: 832: 831: 828: 825: 821: 820: 817: 814: 810: 809: 806: 803: 799: 798: 795: 794:Morro gundidj 792: 788: 787: 784: 781: 777: 776: 773: 770: 766: 765: 762: 759: 755: 754: 751: 748: 744: 743: 740: 737: 733: 732: 729: 726: 722: 721: 718: 715: 711: 710: 707: 704: 700: 699: 696: 693: 689: 688: 685: 682: 678: 677: 672: 669: 665: 664: 661: 660:Direk gundidj 658: 654: 653: 650: 647: 643: 642: 641:Mount Chaucer 639: 636: 632: 631: 628: 627:Corry gundidj 625: 621: 620: 617: 614: 610: 609: 606: 603: 599: 598: 595: 592: 588: 587: 581: 578: 574: 573: 572:Ponedol Hills 570: 567: 563: 562: 559: 556: 552: 551: 550:Glenelg River 548: 545: 541: 540: 537: 534: 530: 529: 518: 515: 511: 510: 507: 504: 500: 499: 496: 493: 489: 488: 485: 482: 464: 461: 450: 449: 443: 437: 431: 365: 362: 323: 320: 304:digging sticks 298:and branches. 248: 245: 204: 201: 200: 199: 192: 177: 149:Main article: 146: 143: 130: 127: 96:Koroit gundidj 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6520: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6476: 6472: 6469: 6465: 6462: 6458: 6455: 6451: 6448: 6444: 6441: 6437: 6434: 6430: 6425: 6424: 6420: 6413: 6409: 6406: 6402: 6399: 6395: 6392: 6388: 6385: 6381: 6378: 6374: 6371: 6367: 6364: 6360: 6357: 6353: 6350: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6337: 6326: 6325: 6320: 6317: 6316: 6311: 6310: 6308: 6304: 6297: 6293: 6290: 6286: 6283: 6279: 6276: 6272: 6271: 6268: 6265: 6261: 6254: 6250: 6247: 6243: 6242: 6240: 6236: 6225: 6221: 6218: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6203: 6196: 6192: 6189: 6185: 6182: 6178: 6175: 6171: 6168: 6164: 6161: 6157: 6154: 6150: 6147: 6143: 6140: 6136: 6133: 6129: 6126: 6122: 6119: 6115: 6112: 6108: 6105: 6101: 6100: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6088: 6081: 6077: 6074: 6070: 6067: 6063: 6060: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6050:Land councils 6046: 6042: 6035: 6031: 6028: 6024: 6021: 6017: 6014: 6010: 6007: 6003: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5994: 5987: 5983: 5980: 5976: 5973: 5969: 5966: 5962: 5959: 5955: 5952: 5948: 5945: 5941: 5938: 5934: 5931: 5927: 5924: 5920: 5917: 5913: 5910: 5906: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5892: 5889: 5885: 5882: 5878: 5875: 5871: 5868: 5864: 5861: 5857: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5843: 5840: 5836: 5833: 5829: 5826: 5822: 5819: 5815: 5812: 5808: 5805: 5801: 5798: 5794: 5791: 5787: 5784: 5783:Girai wurrung 5780: 5777: 5773: 5770: 5766: 5763: 5759: 5756: 5755:Djadjawurrung 5752: 5749: 5745: 5742: 5738: 5735: 5731: 5728: 5724: 5721: 5717: 5714: 5710: 5707: 5703: 5700: 5696: 5693: 5689: 5686: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5675: 5671: 5664: 5659: 5657: 5652: 5650: 5645: 5644: 5641: 5630: 5626: 5624: 5616: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5586: 5585: 5574: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5551: 5550: 5545: 5541: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5508: 5504: 5497: 5496: 5490: 5486: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5471: 5466: 5462: 5450: 5446: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5401: 5394: 5393: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5365: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5328: 5324: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5301: 5297: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5277: 5271: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5236:Pascoe, Bruce 5233: 5229: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5214: 5209: 5208:Pascoe, Bruce 5205: 5201: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5187: 5183: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5152: 5146: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5119: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5052:Massola, Aldo 5049: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5017: 5013: 5012:"Lake Condah" 5009: 4997: 4993: 4988: 4977: 4973: 4968: 4964: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4920: 4915: 4914:Howitt, A. W. 4911: 4907: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4861: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4842: 4836: 4832: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4817: 4811: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4781: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4756: 4754: 4748: 4744: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4729: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4705: 4704: 4699: 4698:Dawson, James 4695: 4691: 4684: 4679: 4675: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4660: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4630: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4574: 4568: 4564: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4545:Hercus, Luise 4542: 4538: 4534: 4533:Clark, Ian D. 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4517:1959.17/58446 4514: 4509: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4487:Clark, Ian D. 4484: 4479: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4457:Clark, Ian D. 4454: 4450: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4435:Clark, Ian D. 4432: 4428: 4426:0-85575-281-5 4422: 4418: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4404:Clark, Ian D. 4401: 4397: 4393: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4360: 4355: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4309: 4308: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4289: 4285: 4278: 4277: 4272: 4268: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4232: 4228: 4227: 4215: 4210: 4204:, p. 34. 4203: 4198: 4191: 4186: 4179: 4174: 4167: 4162: 4156: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4139: 4134: 4127: 4122: 4120: 4112: 4107: 4100: 4095: 4088: 4083: 4076: 4071: 4065:, p. 57. 4064: 4059: 4053:, p. 53. 4052: 4047: 4040: 4035: 4029:, p. 51. 4028: 4023: 4016: 4011: 4004: 3999: 3992: 3987: 3980: 3975: 3968: 3963: 3957:, p. 13. 3956: 3951: 3944: 3939: 3937: 3930:, p. 12. 3929: 3924: 3918:, p. 28. 3917: 3912: 3905: 3900: 3893: 3888: 3881: 3876: 3874: 3866: 3861: 3854: 3849: 3842: 3837: 3830: 3829:Saunders 2013 3825: 3818: 3813: 3807:, p. 14. 3806: 3801: 3794: 3789: 3782: 3781:Johnson 2020a 3777: 3775: 3767: 3762: 3755: 3750: 3743: 3738: 3731: 3726: 3719: 3714: 3707: 3702: 3695: 3690: 3683: 3678: 3671: 3666: 3664: 3656: 3651: 3644: 3639: 3632: 3631:Johnson 2020b 3627: 3625: 3617: 3612: 3605: 3604:Phillips 2003 3600: 3598: 3590: 3585: 3583: 3575: 3570: 3563: 3558: 3551: 3546: 3540:, p. 70. 3539: 3534: 3528:, p. 11. 3527: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3508: 3503: 3496: 3491: 3484: 3479: 3472: 3467: 3465: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3412: 3411: 3406: 3400: 3393: 3391: 3385: 3383: 3375: 3370: 3368: 3359: 3358: 3353: 3347: 3341: 3337: 3332: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3311: 3307: 3302: 3296:, p. 69. 3295: 3290: 3286: 3274: 3272: 3262: 3255: 3248: 3241: 3234: 3227: 3221: 3214: 3207: 3200: 3194: 3187: 3181: 3174: 3170: 3169:Konongwootong 3163: 3156: 3150: 3143: 3137: 3130: 3128: 3121: 3114: 3108: 3101: 3095: 3088: 3082: 3075: 3070: 3064: 3057: 3051: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3028: 3021: 3014: 3010: 3004: 2997: 2993: 2987: 2980: 2973: 2966: 2959: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2895: 2888: 2882: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2860: 2854:, p. 63) 2853: 2847: 2840: 2833: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2804: 2797: 2793: 2788: 2782:, p. 2). 2781: 2776: 2771: 2767: 2757: 2754: 2753: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2558:Dhauhurtwurru 2556: 2555: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2516: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2483:Deadly Awards 2479: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2462:Norm McDonald 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2440:Andrew Lovett 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2428:Chris Johnson 2426: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2406:Misty Jenkins 2404: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2337: 2336: 2330: 2328: 2324: 2323: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2264: 2260: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2234: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2218: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2204:Liberal Party 2201: 2197: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2177: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2131:Darlots Creek 2128: 2125: 2124: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109:Lake Gorrie, 2108: 2105: 2104: 2101:1 Aborigine. 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2024: 2023: 2019: 2016: 2014:clan unknown 2013: 2011: 2007: 2004: 2003: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1988:October 1843 1987: 1986: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1910:October 1842 1909: 1908: 1904: 1901: 1900:Redmond Barry 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1862: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1827:date unknown 1826: 1825: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1791: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1777: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1762: 1759: 1758:Francis Henty 1755: 1752: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1735:date unknown 1734: 1733: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1661: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1643:October 1838 1642: 1641: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1619:October 1838 1618: 1617: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1572:1833 or 1834 1571: 1570: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1448: 1447:customary law 1444: 1439: 1437: 1431: 1421: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1409: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1359: 1357: 1355: 1349: 1348:Thomas Browne 1345: 1341: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1311:Peter Kershaw 1308: 1307:woven baskets 1304: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1284: 1282: 1281: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1248: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1193: 1187: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1105: 1101: 1099:Worn gundidj 1098: 1095: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1067: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1005: 1003:Wane gundidj 1002: 999: 998: 994: 991: 988: 987: 983: 981:Tone gundidj 980: 977: 976: 972: 969: 966: 965: 961: 958: 955: 954: 951:Surrey River 950: 947: 944: 943: 939: 936: 933: 932: 928: 925: 922: 921: 917: 914: 911: 910: 906: 903: 900: 899: 895: 892: 889: 888: 885:Stokes River 884: 881: 878: 877: 873: 870: 867: 866: 862: 859: 856: 855: 851: 848: 845: 844: 840: 837: 834: 833: 829: 826: 823: 822: 818: 815: 812: 811: 807: 804: 801: 800: 796: 793: 790: 789: 785: 782: 779: 778: 775:Spring Creek 774: 771: 768: 767: 763: 760: 757: 756: 752: 749: 746: 745: 741: 739:Meen gundidj 738: 735: 734: 730: 727: 724: 723: 719: 716: 713: 712: 708: 705: 702: 701: 697: 694: 691: 690: 686: 683: 680: 679: 676: 675:Darlots Creek 673: 670: 667: 666: 663:Condah Swamp 662: 659: 656: 655: 652:Portland Bay 651: 648: 645: 644: 640: 637: 634: 633: 629: 626: 623: 622: 618: 615: 612: 611: 607: 605:Cart gundidj 604: 601: 600: 596: 593: 590: 589: 586: 582: 579: 576: 575: 571: 568: 565: 564: 560: 558:Bome gundidj 557: 554: 553: 549: 546: 543: 542: 538: 535: 532: 531: 527: 523: 519: 517:Bate gundidj 516: 513: 512: 508: 505: 502: 501: 497: 494: 491: 490: 486: 483: 480: 479: 476: 474: 470: 460: 458: 453: 447: 444: 441: 438: 435: 432: 429: 426: 425: 424: 422: 419:According to 417: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 361: 358: 354: 351:firebrand of 350: 345: 343: 339: 335: 329: 319: 317: 316:customary law 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 284: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 244: 242: 241:Girai wurrung 238: 234: 230: 226: 225:Hopkins River 222: 218: 214: 210: 197: 193: 190: 186: 182: 178: 175: 174:Girai wurrung 171: 167: 166: 165: 162: 158: 152: 142: 140: 136: 126: 124: 120: 116: 112: 111:Girai wurrung 108: 103: 101: 97: 93: 92:Koroitgundidj 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 18:Koroitgundidj 6322: 6313: 6205: 6195:Wurdi Youang 5803: 5748:Djab Wurrung 5706:Braiakaulung 5685:Barababaraba 5629:the original 5621: 5593: 5570: 5554:. Retrieved 5547: 5532:. Retrieved 5525:the original 5494: 5469: 5453:. Retrieved 5449:the original 5430: 5417:. Melbourne. 5412: 5391: 5363: 5348: 5322:The Guardian 5320: 5304:. Retrieved 5300:the original 5293: 5280: 5274: 5262:. Retrieved 5239: 5212: 5197: 5185: 5181: 5172:. Retrieved 5150: 5139:– via 5122: 5116: 5068: 5064: 5055: 5040:. Retrieved 5036:the original 5020:. Retrieved 5015: 5000:. Retrieved 4996:the original 4979:. Retrieved 4975: 4960: 4926:– via 4918: 4887: 4881: 4859: 4840: 4815: 4779: 4761: 4752: 4727: 4713:– via 4702: 4689: 4658: 4647:– via 4628: 4605: 4577: 4571: 4548: 4541:Clark, Ian D 4498: 4494: 4468: 4464: 4438: 4408: 4369: 4365: 4346:. Retrieved 4331: 4317:– via 4306: 4275: 4251: 4247: 4235:. Retrieved 4209: 4197: 4185: 4173: 4161: 4133: 4106: 4094: 4082: 4075:Boulton 2005 4070: 4063:Massola 1969 4058: 4046: 4034: 4022: 4010: 3998: 3986: 3974: 3962: 3950: 3923: 3911: 3899: 3887: 3860: 3848: 3836: 3824: 3812: 3800: 3788: 3761: 3749: 3737: 3725: 3718:Kershaw 2012 3713: 3701: 3689: 3677: 3655:Hiscock 2007 3650: 3638: 3611: 3569: 3564:, p. 2. 3557: 3552:, p. 2. 3545: 3533: 3502: 3490: 3483:Mathews 1904 3478: 3451:. Retrieved 3443: 3414:. Retrieved 3408: 3399: 3389: 3374:Tindale 1974 3356: 3346: 3331: 3316: 3301: 3289: 3267: 3261: 3247: 3233: 3220: 3206: 3193: 3186:Massola 1969 3180: 3162: 3149: 3136: 3126: 3120: 3107: 3094: 3081: 3069:James Dawson 3063: 3050: 3039:Edward Henty 3034: 3020: 3008: 3003: 2986: 2972: 2958: 2942: 2938: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2915:Cart gundidj 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2881: 2874:Mathews 1904 2868: 2864: 2859: 2846: 2832: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2787: 2770: 2741: 2735: 2729: 2726:(frost, ice) 2723: 2717: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2629:Tindale 1974 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2578:Ku:nditjmara 2577: 2572: 2567: 2563: 2557: 2527:Lidia Thorpe 2511:Reg Saunders 2474:Archie Roach 2468:Wayne Milera 2464:, AFL player 2456:Wally Lovett 2422:universities 2345:chairman of 2320: 2310: 2302: 2298: 2296: 2286: 2279:Eastern Maar 2276: 2256: 2253: 2238: 2230: 2226:native title 2215: 2193: 2190:Native title 2185: 2178: 2155: 2152:Mission life 2083:Castlemaddie 2025:20 May 1847 1994:Gunditjmara 1810:2 June 1841 1793:Around 1841 1705:Djab wurrung 1624:Wannon River 1597:Wannon River 1577:Surrey River 1545: 1537:Mount Napier 1522: 1517:Portland bay 1510: 1505: 1496: 1492:Ian D. Clark 1484:History wars 1480: 1465: 1453:Ian D. Clark 1451: 1440: 1433: 1406: 1404: 1400:volcanic ash 1365: 1353: 1337: 1326: 1323:Bruce Pascoe 1315:palynologist 1300: 1285: 1278: 1264: 1259: 1255: 1245: 1220: 1217:Peter Coutts 1189: 1116:junction of 1077:Stokes River 992:Ure gundidj 687:Lake Condah 649:Dandeyallum 520:Junction of 495:Art gundidj 473:Ian D. Clark 468: 466: 455:Descent was 454: 451: 445: 439: 433: 427: 418: 405: 393: 369: 367: 356: 346: 342:Tarn wirrung 341: 334:Mount Eccles 331: 285: 250: 237:Djab wurrung 206: 154: 138: 134: 132: 104: 95: 91: 84:Kerrup-Jmara 83: 79: 76:Kerrup Jmara 75: 39: 36:Gunditjamara 35: 31: 29: 6263:Legislation 6132:Cloggs Cave 6027:Framlingham 5997:Communities 5986:Yorta Yorta 5944:Wemba-Wemba 5930:Wadawurrung 5916:Tatungalung 5888:Ngooraialum 5867:Ladji Ladji 5811:Jardwadjali 5804:Gunditjmara 5797:Gunaikurnai 5769:Djilamatang 5727:Boonwurrung 5713:Brataualung 5699:Brabiralung 5625:Collections 5572:The Courier 5534:11 February 5042:11 February 5022:13 February 4890:: 203–222. 4602:Coutts, PJF 4580:(1): 1–17. 4501:(1): 3–12. 4372:(3): 24–31. 4237:13 February 4178:Whelan 2017 3916:Builth 2009 3892:Clark 2014a 3865:Pascoe 2007 3754:Pascoe 2018 3616:Clarke 1994 3589:Salleh 2003 3562:Dawson 1881 3507:Builth 2009 3495:Dawson 1881 3294:Howitt 1904 3142:Horton 2015 3074:Turner 2011 2996:Clarke 1994 2839:Howitt 1904 2825:Clark 2014b 2821:Lake Condah 2815:(lake) and 2775:Barry Blake 2682:pipayi/bebì 2633:Howitt 1904 2612:Tourahonong 2493:Lionel Rose 2487:ARIA Awards 2394:David Arden 2375:Alfred Egan 2339:Geoff Clark 2170:Lake Condah 2166:Warrnambool 2045:April 1847 1872:Moyne River 1780:Jardwadjali 1751:Jardwadjali 1740:Bryan Creek 1541:Lake Condah 1533:Mount Rouse 1525:Stony Rises 1305:with large 1234:eel farming 1230:aquaculture 1209:stone walls 1196:Lake Condah 1172:Moyne River 1147:Merri River 1061:Woortenwan 709:Tower Hill 608:Mount Clay 585:Mount Rouse 457:matrilineal 386:Woolsthorpe 378:Lake Condah 300:Stone tools 233:Jardwadjali 213:Lake Condah 189:Barry Blake 88:Lake Condah 80:Kerrupjmara 64:Woolsthorpe 56:Warrnambool 32:Gunditjmara 6492:Categories 6447:Queensland 6405:Munangabum 6384:Coranderrk 6111:Box Gulley 6080:Wurundjeri 6073:Wathaurung 6006:Coranderrk 5972:Wurundjeri 5965:Wotjobaluk 5958:Woiwurrung 5937:Warkawarka 5923:Taungurung 5881:Minyambuta 5874:Mardidjali 5720:Bungandidj 5556:1 February 4254:: 137–147. 4214:Blake 2003 4202:Clark 1995 4126:Nolan 2011 4051:Clark 1995 4027:Clark 1995 3991:Moore 1974 3979:Clark 1995 3967:Burin 2012 3955:Clark 1995 3943:Clark 1995 3928:Clark 1995 3880:Clark 2011 3853:Clark 1995 3805:Clark 1995 3682:Blake 2003 3574:Clark 1995 3550:Blake 2003 3538:Clark 1998 3526:Clark 1995 3453:24 January 3416:24 January 3254:Clark 1995 3199:Clark 1995 3173:Clark 1995 3155:Clark 1995 3113:Clark 1995 3100:Clark 2011 3087:Clark 2011 3043:Clark 1995 3027:Clark 2011 3013:Blake 2003 2979:Clark 1995 2965:Clark 1995 2780:Blake 2003 2744:(to sleep) 2738:(wild man) 2702:(to drink) 2639:Some words 2515:Aboriginal 2446:Ted Lovett 2343:Aboriginal 2174:half-caste 2030:Branxholme 1592:June 1838 1408:ngamadjidj 1380:Tower Hill 893:Peerracer 484:Clan name 436:(mountain) 404:) and the 382:Port Fairy 349:apotropaic 290:(known as 263:, rugs of 185:Cape Otway 100:Tower Hill 60:Port Fairy 6153:Kow Swamp 6104:Bend Road 5909:Pangerang 5895:Ngurelban 5818:Jari Jari 5776:Gadubanud 5741:Dhudhuroa 5734:Dadi Dadi 5521:1835-7709 5467:(2011) . 5361:(2003) . 5101:214357121 5093:0091-7613 4924:Macmillan 4821:Routledge 4770:1032-2345 4618:0158-9679 4535:(2014b). 4525:143416827 4489:(2014a). 4304:(1896) . 4190:Raue 2017 4166:NMFB 2018 4099:Weir 2009 4087:ATNS 2011 4039:Hone 1969 4003:Hone 1974 3904:Shaw 2003 3471:Chai 2017 3282:Citations 3213:Shaw 2003 2811:(water), 2690:(to live) 2627:Sources: 2573:Kirurndit 2287:Deen Maar 2241:Deen Maar 2212:Bob Hawke 2200:John Cain 1963:Several. 1744:Casterton 1558:Location 1370:known as 1354:cunderbul 1242:lava flow 1207:; traps; 1090:Macarthur 475:'s work. 328:Dreamtime 322:Dreamtime 292:bluestone 183:, of the 181:Gadubanud 117:are also 115:Gadubanud 42:, are an 6468:Victoria 6461:Tasmania 6207:See also 6066:Bunurong 5860:Kwatkwat 5825:Jupagalk 5790:Gulidjan 5692:Bidhawal 5425:(1974). 5389:(1878). 5306:11 April 5264:20 March 5238:(2018). 5210:(2007). 5174:20 March 5111:(1904). 5058:. 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