1379:
83:
6513:
1480:
1934:
926:
1784:". Housing construction declined between 1960 and 1964 to an average of 1.63 million square metres. Following this sudden decrease, housing construction increased sharply between 1965 and 1966, but dropped again, and then steadily grew (the average annual growth rate was 4.26 million square metres). This came largely at the expense of businesses. While the housing shortage was never fully resolved, and still remains a problem in present-day Russia, the reform overcame the negative trend and renewed the growth of housing construction.
630:
625:
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rubles, 1.8 times higher than in the first period and 1.2 times higher than the third period (1981–1985). Consumption of goods and daily demand also increased. The consumption of home appliances greatly increased. Refrigerators increased from a low of 109,000 in 1964 to 440,000 units by 1973; consumption declined during the reversal of the reform. Car production increased, and would continue to do so until the late 1980s. The Soviet leadership, under pressure, sought to provide more attractive goods for Soviet consumers.
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1855:
1422:
1224:
1883:"pointed even more clearly to the end of struggle" between Brezhnev and Kosygin. Kosygin was further pushed aside when Brezhnev published his memoirs, which stated that Brezhnev, not Kosygin, was in charge of all major economic decisions. To make matters worse for Kosygin, Brezhnev blocked any future talks on economic reform within the party and government apparatus, and information regarding the reform of 1965 was suppressed.
1915:, had to act on his behalf. Kosygin suffered his first heart attack in 1976. After this incident, it is said that Kosygin changed from having a vibrant personality to being tired and fed up; he, according to people close to him, seemed to have lost the will to continue his work. He twice filed a letter of resignation between 1976 and 1980, but was turned down on both occasions. During Kosygin's sick leave, Brezhnev appointed
4541:
1086:
1370:(1971–1975). The delay in resolving these issues led to rumors circulating in Soviet society that Kosygin, or even Brezhnev, would lose their posts to Podgorny. By March 1971, it became apparent that Brezhnev was the leader of the country, with Kosygin as the spokesman of the five-year plan and Podgorny's position within the collective leadership strengthened.
1764:, and cooperatives were keys to catching up to the First World's contemporary level of economic growth. His reform sought a gradual change from a "state-administered economy" to an economy in which "the state restricts itself to guiding enterprises". The reform was implemented, but showed several malfunctions and inconsistencies early on.
1672:(1971–1975) had been postponed by Brezhnev due to a power struggle within the Soviet leadership. At the 23rd Party Congress Kosygin promised that the Ninth Five-Year Plan would increase the supply of food, clothing and other household appliances up to 50 percent. The plan envisaged a massive increase in the Soviet
1977:
official, Kosygin is described as "a lonely and somewhat tragic figure" who "understood our faults and shortcomings of our situation in general and those in our Middle East policy in particular, but, being a highly restrained man, he preferred to be cautious." An anonymous former co-worker of
Kosygin
1898:
strengthened
Podgorny's control of the Council of Ministers, by giving the post of head of state some executive powers. In fact, because of the 1977 Soviet Constitution, the Council of Ministers became subordinate to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. When Podgorny was replaced as head of state in
1687:
during the Tenth Five-Year Plan. As a result, the total volume of consumer goods in industrial production only stood at 26 percent. Kosygin's son-in-law notes that
Kosygin was furious with the decision, and proclaimed increased defence expenditure would become the Soviet Union's "complete ruin". The
1126:
In
September 1953, six months after Stalin's death, Kosygin was appointed USSR Minister for Industrial Goods, and in December he was reinstated as a Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers, under Malenkov, Stalin's immediate successor, but lost that position in December 1956, during Khrushchev's
1113:
officer, of the accusations leveled against
Voznesensky because of his possession of firearms. Gvishiani and Kosygin threw all their weapons into a lake and searched both their own houses for any listening devices. They found one at Kosygin's house, but it might have been installed to spy on Marshal
1792:
Growing hostility towards reform, the initial poor results, and
Kosygin's reformist stance, led to a popular backlash against him. Kosygin lost most of the privileges he had enjoyed before the reform, but Brezhnev was never able to remove him from the office of Chairman of the Council of Ministers,
1776:
and the Eighth Five-Year Plan. The first period, 1960–1964, was characterized by low growth, while the second period, 1965–1981, had a stronger growth rate. The second period vividly demonstrated the success of the
Kosygin reform, with the average annual growth in retail turnover being 11.2 billion
1104:
Beria and
Malenkov were doing everything they could to wreck this troika of Kuznetsov, Voznesensky and Kosygin ... Many people perished in Leningrad. So did many people who had been transferred from Leningrad to work in other regions. As for Kosygin, his life was hanging by a thread ... Men who had
1333:
Early during
Kosygin's tenure, the Brezhnev–Kosygin attempt to create stability was failing on various fronts. From 1969 to 1970, discontent within the Soviet leadership had grown to such an extent that some started to doubt both former and current Soviet policies. Examples include the handling of
982:
As deputy chairman of the
Council of Evacuation, he had the task of evacuating industry from territories about to be overrun by the Axis. Under his command 1523 factories were evacuated eastwards, as well as huge volumes of raw materials, ready-made goods and equipment. Kosygin managed clearing of
834:
During the initial years following Khrushchev's ouster, Kosygin initially emerged as the leading figure in Soviet politics. In addition to managing the Soviet Union's economy, he assumed a preeminent role in its foreign policy by leading arms control talks with the US and overseeing relations with
839:
in 1968 sparked a severe backlash against his policies, enabling Leonid Brezhnev to decisively eclipse him as the dominant force within the Politburo. While he and Brezhnev disliked one another, he remained in office until being forced to retire on 23 October 1980, due to bad health. He died two
1944:
Kosygin was hospitalized in October 1980; during his stay he wrote a brief letter of resignation; the following day he was deprived of all government protection, communication, and luxury goods he had earned during his political life. When Kosygin died on 18 December 1980 in Moscow, none of his
1730:. The reform had been proposed to Khrushchev in 1964, who evidently liked it and took some preliminary steps to implement it. Brezhnev allowed the reform to proceed because the Soviet economy was entering a period of low growth. In its testing phase, the reform was applied to 336 enterprises in
1749:
2071:
author Ilya Zemtsov describes Kosygin as "determined and intelligent, an outstanding administrator" and claims he distinguished himself from the other members of the Soviet leadership with his "extraordinary capacity for work". Historians Moshe Lewin and Gregory Elliott, the authors of
1135:, a close observer who was based in Moscow at the time, concluded that "Kosygin did not owe anything to Khrushchev" and that out of the post-1957 leadership "was visibly the least willing to praise the First Secretary", and that Khrushchev was "somewhat reluctant" to promote Kosygin.
1182:, who would be present in the Kremlin to greet visiting leaders of East European communist parties, implying, but in November 1962, after Khrushchev complained about the management of Gosplan, and opposed Kosygin's plans for economic reform, he was removed from the inner leadership.
1874:
in 1971 which for the first time publicized the formula 'the Politburo led by Brezhnev'". Along with weakening Kosygin's position, Brezhnev moved to strengthen the Party's hold on the Government apparatus, weakening Kosygin's position further. Historian Robert Wesson, the author of
2112:, as it evolved under Stalin, to become a radical economic reformer". However, Brown does believe that Kosygin was "an able administrator". Gvishiani, a Russian historian, concluded that "Kosygin survived both Stalin and Khrushchev, but did not manage to survive Brezhnev."
1636:
would strain the USSR's foreign relations with the First World according to Kosygin, most notably West Germany. However, in a closed meeting, without Kosygin, who strongly opposed any kind of military intervention, the Politburo unanimously supported a Soviet intervention.
8156:
1118:, who had lived there before him. According to his memoirs, Kosygin never left his home without reminding his wife what to do if he did not return from work. After living two years in constant fear, the family reached the conclusion that Stalin would not harm them.
2115:
Kosygin was viewed with sympathy by the Soviet people, and is still presently viewed as an important figure in both Russian and Soviet history. Because of Kosygin's popularity among the Soviet people, Brezhnev developed a "strong jealousy" for Kosygin, according to
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said "He always had an opinion of his own, and defended it. He was a very alert man, and performed brilliantly during negotiations. He was able to cope quickly with the material that was totally new to him. I have never seen people of that calibre afterwards."
1899:
1977 by Brezhnev, Kosygin's role in day-to-day management of government activities was lessened drastically, through Brezhnev's new-found post. Rumours started circulating within the top circles, and on the streets, that Kosygin would retire due to bad health.
1793:
despite his weakened position. In the aftermath of his failed reform, Kosygin spent the rest of his life improving the economic administration through the modification of targets; he implemented various programmes to improve food security and ensure the future
1544:. The Soviet leadership approved both countries' respective economic experiments, since it was trying to reduce its large Eastern Bloc subsidy programme in the form of cheap oil and gas exports. During the discussions within the Soviet leadership of a possible
1326:, Kosygin's position was weakened when Brezhnev's supporters were able to increase expenditure on defense and agriculture. However, Brezhnev did not have a majority in the Politburo, and could count on only four votes. In the Politburo, Kosygin could count on
1837:
in a joint decision of the Central Committee and the Council of Ministers. The "Improving planning and reinforcing the effects of the economic mechanism on raising the effectiveness in production and improving the quality of work", more commonly known as the
1026:
He headed the foodstuff relief missions to the most suffering regions. He was appointed USSR Minister for Finance in February 1948, and a full member of the Politburo on 4 September 1948, putting him among the dozen or so most ranking officials in the USSR.
8111:
1330:'s vote, and when Kosygin and Podgorny were not bickering with each other, they actually had a majority in the Politburo over Brezhnev. Unfortunately for Kosygin this was not often the case, and Kosygin and Podgorny were constantly disagreeing on policy.
8126:
8121:
8116:
1452:, Johnson and Kosygin failed to reach agreement on limiting anti-ballistic missile systems, but the summit's friendly and even open atmosphere was referred to as the "Spirit of Glassboro". Relations between the two countries improved further when the
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plenum in June 1980, the Soviet economic development plan was outlined by Tikhonov, not Kosygin. The powers of the Premier diminished to the point where Kosygin was forced to discuss all decisions made by the Council of Ministers with Brezhnev.
940:
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across the Lake Ladoga. This allowed to evacuate some half-million people from the besieged and starving city, and to supply fuel to its factories and power plants. He was also responsible for the procurement of locally available firewood.
1299:, criticized the work of the Council of Ministers, and indirectly Kosygin, its chairman, for planning the economy in an unrealistic fashion, and used the highly aggressive rhetoric previously used to condemn Khrushchev against Kosygin.
1842:. The reform, in contrast to the 1965 reform, was intended to increase the central government's economic involvement by enhancing the duties and responsibilities of the ministries. Due to Kosygin's resignation in 1980, and because of
4856:
1949:(1981–1985), saying that the sitting leadership was reluctant to reform the stagnant Soviet economy. His funeral was postponed for three days, as Kosygin died on the eve of Brezhnev's birthday, and the day of Stalin's. Kosygin was
1797:. There is no proof to back up the claim that the reform itself contributed to the high growth seen in the late-1960s, or that its cancellation had anything to do with the stagnating growth of the economy which began in the 1970s.
1105:
been arrested and condemned in Leningrad made ridiculous accusations against him ... I simply can't explain how he was saved from being eliminated along with the others. Kosygin, as they say, must have drawn a lucky lottery ticket.
1601:. Kosygin said, in a close-knit circle, that "We are communists and they are communists. It is hard to believe we will not be able to reach an agreement if we met face to face". His view on China changed however, and according to
1138:
However, despite Khrushchev's reluctance, Kosygin's career made a steady recovery. In June 1957, he was again appointed a Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers (for the third time), and a candidate member of the Presidium
4833:
4810:
4787:
1586:. Kosygin became the chief spokesman on the issue of arms control. In retrospect, many of Kosygin's colleagues felt he carried out his work "stoically", but lacked "enthusiasm", and therefore never developed a real taste for
2076:, describe him as a "phenomenal administrator". "His strength", David Law writes, was "his exceptional capability as an administrator". According to Law Kosygin proved himself to be a "competent politician" also. Historians
7927:
6125:
1919:
to the post of First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers. Tikhonov, as with Brezhnev, was a conservative, and through his post as First Deputy chairman Tikhonov was able to reduce Kosygin to a standby role. At a
1358:
on the limitation of strategic missiles. Two summit conferences between the US and the USSR were held: the Warsaw Pact Summit Conference and the Moscow Summit Conference; both failed to gain support for Soviet policies.
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Gold Medal. On 20 February 1974, to commemorate his 70th birthday, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet awarded him another Order of Lenin and his second Hammer and Sickle Gold Medal. In total, Kosygin was awarded six
1902:
Brezhnev's consolidation of power weakened Kosygin's influence and prestige within the Politburo. Kosygin's position was gradually weakened during the 1970s and he was frequently hospitalized. On several occasions
8106:
1082:, Voznesensky, Kuznetsov and many others were arrested and shot. Kosygin was relegated to the post of USSR Minister for Light Industry, while nominally retaining his membership of the Politburo until 1952.
453:
409:
7920:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
1174:, Kosygin was the Soviet spokesman for improved relations between the Soviet Union and the United States. According to Michel Tatu, in 1960–62, Kosygin was one of the 'big four', with Khrushchev,
1823:
and giving more powers to the regional authorities in republican and local-levels. The reform's failure to meet Kosygin's goal led to its cancellation. However, the reform succeeded in creating
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939:. He was appointed director of the October Textile Factory in 1937, head of the Industry and Transport department of the Leningrad provincial communist party in July 1938, and in October 1938,
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6620:
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1692:
would receive a share investment of 34 percent, a share much larger than its proportional contribution to the Soviet economy, as it accounted for only 3 percent of the Soviet GDP.
1741:. Kosygin overestimated the ability of the Soviet administrative machine to develop the economy, which led to "corrections" to some of Liberman's more controversial beliefs about
6413:
1996:
said that Kosygin was devoted, nearly fanatically, to his work. Kosygin was viewed by Western diplomats as a pragmatist "with a glacial exterior who was orthodox if not rigid".
4684:
1003:
6501:
5976:
5490:
1632:-like repressionist behaviour. He promised to send more economic and military aid, but rejected any proposal regarding a possible Soviet intervention, as an intervention in
1287:, Brezhnev called for the strengthening of the Party apparatus. This speech was only the beginning of a large campaign directed against Kosygin. Several newspapers, such as
1131:' came to a head in 1957, Kosygin backed Khrushchev because, as he said later, if Malenkov and his allies had won "blood would have flowed again", but the French journalist
921:
7936:
5500:
4879:
1921:
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948:
802:
439:
387:
1597:
chagrined Kosygin a great deal, and for a while he refused to accept its irrevocability; he briefly visited Beijing in 1969 due to increased tension between the USSR and
6574:
6495:
6391:
1772:
The salary for Soviet citizens increased abruptly by almost 2.5 times during the plan. Real wages in 1980 amounted to 232.7 rubles, compared to 166.3 rubles before the
1714:
widely referred to as the "Kosygin reform". Kosygin sought to make Soviet industry more efficient by including some market measures common in the First World such as
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447:
443:
403:
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Kosygin's administrative skills led Stalin to take the younger man under his wing. Stalin shared information with Kosygin, such as how much money the families of
5880:
8231:
5560:
4294:
2080:
and Stephen White claim that Brezhnev was unable to remove Kosygin because his removal would mean the loss of his last "capable administrator". In their book,
1866:
By the early to mid-1970s Brezhnev had established a strong enough power base to effectively become leader. According to historian Ilya Zemtsov, the author of
1560:
We should tell Taraki and Amin to change their tactics. They still continue to execute those people who disagree with them. They are killing nearly all of the
5055:
1973:
Compared to other Soviet officials, Kosygin stood out as a pragmatic and relatively independent leader. In a description given by an anonymous high-ranking
1660:(1966–1970) is considered to be one of the most successful periods for the Soviet economy and the most successful when it comes to consumer production (see
931:; he graduated in 1935. After finishing his studies, Kosygin worked as a foreman and later a manager in a textile mill director. He rose rapidly during the
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1378:
1144:
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779:
1688:
plan was less ambitious than its predecessors, with targets of national industrial growth no higher than what the rest of the world had already achieved.
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2117:
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6554:
2627:
2144:
in 1987 referred to the "sad experiences of the 1965 reform", and claimed that everything went from bad to worse following the reform's cancellation.
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8191:
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1510:
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ascendancy, when he was appointed Deputy Chairman of the State Economic Commission. When the power struggle between Khrushchev and the so-called '
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3681:
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6399:
3673:
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3519:
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330:
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1007:
645:
541:
334:
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5080:
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852:
working-class family consisting of his father and mother (Nikolai Ilyich and Matrona Alexandrovna) and his siblings. The family lived in
815:
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8101:
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5553:
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5015:
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1945:
Politburo colleagues, former aides, or security guards visited him. At the end of his life, Kosygin feared the complete failure of the
1887:
1254:
824:
1042:
possessed, spent and paid their staff. (A Politburo member earned a modest salary by Soviet standards but enjoyed unlimited access to
8226:
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4759:
1974:
1552:. Kosygin's stance became more aggressive later on when he understood that the reforms in Czechoslovakia could be turned against his
806:
775:
2294:
The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History : A Political, Social, and Military History
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1908:
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as an industrial manager. Kosygin returned to Leningrad in the early 1930s and worked his way up the Soviet hierarchy. During the
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1946:
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The U.S. Government and the Vietnam War: Executive and Legislative Roles and Relationships, Part IV: July 1965 – January 1968
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3030:
1151:, and on 4 May 1960, he was promoted First deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers, and a full member of the Presidium.
7905:
6599:
6375:
5508:
2219:
2054:
1657:
1606:
1448:, the President of the United States, following his speech to the United Nations. At the summit, which became known as the
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1912:
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1078:, the party secretary with oversight over the security, and Kosygin. During the brutal purge that followed, known as the
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406:
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6612:
3031:"Pääministeri Aleksei Kosygin oli suomalaisille tutuin neuvostojohtaja – Moskova kielsi Kekkoselta viimeisen tapaamisen"
1314:. Kosygin's support for producing more consumer goods was also criticized by Brezhnev, and his supporters, most notably
739:
from 1964 to 1980 and was one of the most influential Soviet policymakers in the mid-1960s along with General Secretary
6429:
5847:
5842:
4653:
4522:
4497:
4472:
4430:
4380:
4354:
4308:
4283:
4260:
4216:
4193:
4149:
4126:
4100:
4074:
4051:
4026:
3971:
3945:
3848:
3821:
2301:
2141:
1684:
1311:
1043:
952:
771:
1989:". He noted that Kosygin was willing to discuss issues so long as the Soviet position was not tackled head-on. Former
1062:
persuaded Stalin to let them remove members of the decapitated Zhdanov faction, of whom the three most prominent were
4449:
3995:
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2550:
2451:
2178:
1545:
1339:
956:
2012:
remembered Kosygin as "very quiet-spoken, but very determined, mind of great ability and application". US economist
1683:(1976–1981) was referred to by Kosygin as the "plan of quality". Brezhnev rejected Kosygin's bid for producing more
1440:
in the Middle East had the effect of increasing Soviet–American cooperation; to improve relations even further, the
2373:
1990:
1676:, with Kosygin proclaiming a growth of 40 percent for the population's cash income in his speech to the congress.
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4545:
3906:
A 'special relationship'?: Harold Wilson, Lyndon B. Johnson and Anglo-American relations 'at the summit', 1964–68
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1209:
1201:
883:
in 1921, Kosygin attended the Leningrad Co-operative Technical School and found work in the system of consumer
782:
one year before his own death in 1953, intentionally weakening Kosygin's position within the Soviet hierarchy.
903:
personally advised him to quit, shortly before the repressions hit the Soviet consumer co-operation movement.
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Brezhnev consolidated his own position over the Government Apparatus by strengthening Podgorny's position as
1834:
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1598:
1265:
1213:
1205:
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510:
323:
40:
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During his lifetime, Kosygin received seven Orders and two Awards from the Soviet state. He was awarded two
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895:. When asked why he worked in the co-operative sector of the economy, Kosygin replied, quoting a slogan of
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860:(7 March 1904) one month after his birth. He lost his mother in infancy and was brought up by his father.
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6143:
5569:
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5475:
5470:
5093:
4995:
4960:
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3909:
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2137:
2105:
2034:
1839:
1816:
1810:
1806:
1773:
1711:
1701:
1553:
1476:, presenting his views on US-Soviet relations, environmental protection, arms control and other issues.
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1430:
736:
98:
1398:, as was common in non-communist countries. This was actually implemented for a short period, which led
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1403:
1827:, an organization representing various enterprises. The last significant reform undertaken by the pre-
82:
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5070:
2132:, recalled that Kosygin refused to go drinking with Brezhnev, a move which annoyed Brezhnev gravely.
2053:, Kosygin attempted to revitalize the ailing economic system by decentralising management. Following
1950:
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2481:
1985:
said Kosygin was like "Khrushchev without the rough edges, a fatherly man who was the forerunner of
1529:
1261:. Overall, the new Politburo adopted a more conservative outlook than that under Khrushchev's rule.
785:
Stalin died in 1953, and on 20 March 1959, Kosygin was appointed to the position of chairman of the
8157:
Members of the Central Committee of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
5986:
4626:
3782:
2097:
1895:
1745:. According to critics, Kosygin's changes to Liberman's original vision caused the reform to fail.
1609:, Kosygin viewed China as an "organized military dictatorship" whose intended goal was to enslave "
1441:
770:
with moving Soviet industry out of territories soon to be overrun by the German Army. He served as
31:
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4916:
4185:
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2190:
1962:
1937:
1154:
As First Deputy Premier Kosygin travelled abroad, mostly on trade missions, to countries such as
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767:
605:
555:
17:
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Members of the Central Committee of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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Members of the Central Committee of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
8177:
Members of the Central Committee of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
8172:
Members of the Central Committee of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
8167:
Members of the Central Committee of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
8162:
Members of the Central Committee of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
4015:
The Foundations of Ostpolitik: The Making of the Moscow Treaty between West Germany and the USSR
3166:
1414:
after Brezhnev consolidated his position within the Politburo, but also due to Foreign Minister
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to represent the country abroad, a function Kosygin believed should fall into the hands of the
1054:
Kosygin's patron, Zhdanov, died suddenly in August 1948. Soon afterwards, Zhdanov's old rivals
8112:
Candidates of the Politburo of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
1498:, which helped the USSR to maintain active mutual trade with Finland and to keep it away from
941:
Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Leningrad City Soviets of Working People's Deputies
750:
in 1904 to a Russian working-class family. He was conscripted into the labour army during the
5981:
5045:
1594:
1479:
1238:
1237:
When Khrushchev was removed from power in October 1964, Kosygin replaced him as Premier in a
1232:
944:
7935:
2016:
described Kosygin as a talented manager doing miracles in ruling the clumsy Soviet economy.
1933:
8127:
Candidates of the Presidium of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
8122:
Candidates of the Presidium of the 19th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
8117:
Members of the Politburo of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
8096:
8091:
7556:
7515:
6799:
6738:
6262:
5796:
5394:
5181:
5108:
5050:
5025:
2206:
1846:'s conservative approach to economics, very little of the reform was actually implemented.
1583:
1484:
1453:
1315:
1284:
1171:
4182:
The Soviet Elite from Lenin to Gorbachev: The Central Committee and Its Members, 1917–1991
3016:
Interview with Kosygin: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate
1894:, literally head of state, by giving the office some of the functions of the Premier. The
1859:
1170:. Since 1959 Kosygin headed Soviet mission to the ComEcon. Later, in the aftermath of the
8:
8042:
8006:
7733:
7723:
7662:
7561:
7505:
7500:
7399:
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7221:
7058:
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6226:
6169:
6011:
5966:
5932:
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5326:
5316:
4300:
2093:
1621:
1063:
8152:
Members of the Politburo of the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
8147:
Members of the Politburo of the 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
8142:
Members of the Politburo of the 23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
8137:
Members of the Presidium of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
8132:
Members of the Presidium of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1521:
7981:
7956:
7874:
7849:
7753:
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7170:
7104:
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6906:
6698:
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6106:
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5688:
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5231:
4407:
4037:
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3813:
3667:
3297:
2469:
2412:
2121:
2030:
1993:
1715:
1689:
1673:
1514:
1399:
1395:
1383:
1031:
987:
864:
2405:
1505:
In 1972, Kosygin signed a Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation with the government of
810:
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7894:
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4327:
4304:
4279:
4256:
4231:
4212:
4189:
4164:
4145:
4122:
4096:
4070:
4047:
4022:
4001:
3991:
3967:
3941:
3913:
3890:
3844:
3817:
3794:
3741:
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3645:
3622:
3612:
3495:
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2777:
2725:
2457:
2447:
2369:
2325:
2297:
2165:
2038:
2013:
1986:
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1445:
1426:
1269:
1097:
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751:
693:
299:
227:
187:
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was a building completed in 1931 to house the government elite; Kosygin lived there.
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8011:
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7267:
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4177:
3937:
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2108:
to have been too "modest", and claimed that Kosygin "was too much a product of the
2004:, believed Kosygin to be "the most intelligent and toughest man in the Politburo".
2001:
1916:
1843:
1794:
1742:
1306:, who - Brezhnev claimed - had been more interested in improving the conditions of
1250:
1128:
1079:
1075:
1039:
899:: "Co-operation – the path to socialism!" Kosygin stayed there for six years until
853:
820:
747:
719:
515:
379:
199:
162:
157:
123:
6069:
2722:
Postwar Soviet Politics, The Fall of Zhdanov and the Defeat of Moderation, 1946-53
8047:
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8001:
7996:
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6361:
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5790:
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5341:
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5286:
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5226:
5171:
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4608:
4275:
4246:
3833:
3580:
3524:
3452:
3328:
3014:
2705:
2317:
2189:
in the 1970s with Leonid Brezhnev and Andrei Gromyko, all three were awarded the
2170:
2133:
2089:
2050:
2046:
2042:
1997:
1707:
1625:
1469:
1242:
1179:
1059:
1055:
1035:
798:
789:(Gosplan), a post he would hold for little more than a year. Kosygin next became
740:
251:
175:
147:
127:
119:
5858:
2201:
was named in his honour in 1981, in 1982 a bust to honour Kosygin was placed in
7961:
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7683:
7611:
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7460:
7455:
7358:
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6703:
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6311:
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6133:
6064:
6054:
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5915:
5802:
5784:
5754:
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5241:
5216:
5211:
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5010:
4084:
2161:
2062:
2033:
rising considerably due to his moderately reformist policy. Kosygin's moderate
1982:
1953:
as an individual who "laboured selflessly for the good of the Soviet state". A
1738:
1731:
1415:
1303:
1273:
936:
896:
520:
152:
4369:
The Penguin History of Modern Russia: From Tsarism to the Twenty-first Century
4005:
3639:
2495:
1548:
Kosygin reminded leaders of the consequences of the Soviet suppression of the
778:(later, Minister of Light Industry and Food). Stalin removed Kosygin from the
8085:
7986:
7864:
7854:
7829:
7773:
7551:
7485:
7348:
7297:
7180:
7119:
6977:
6951:
6941:
6764:
6658:
6534:
6475:
6465:
6344:
6333:
6271:
6163:
6016:
6006:
5996:
5991:
5778:
5772:
5730:
5601:
5389:
5311:
5166:
5161:
4970:
4673:
4663:
4646:
4618:
4394:. Vol. 23. New Delhi: R.N. Guha Thakurta for Contemporary Journals Ltd.
4323:
3659:
3626:
2992:
2077:
2058:
1958:
1954:
1904:
1854:
1781:
1602:
1533:
1495:
1461:
1362:
By 1970, these differences had not been resolved, and Brezhnev postponed the
1335:
1327:
1115:
1046:.) Stalin sent Kosygin to each home to put their houses into "proper order".
884:
836:
728:
566:
367:
355:
311:
2461:
7839:
6512:
6485:
6424:
6278:
6241:
6138:
6044:
6026:
6021:
5657:
5589:
4464:
4399:
3931:
3927:
3758:
3737:
2085:
2009:
1465:
1457:
1411:
1010:. In 1944 he was appointed to head the Currency Board of the Soviet Union.
991:
976:
900:
763:
545:
4510:
A Failed Empire: the Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev
2560:
2322:
A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev
2029:
Kosygin would prove to be a very competent administrator, with the Soviet
983:
congestions on the railroads in order to maintain their stable operation.
7869:
7495:
7247:
6460:
6211:
6101:
5808:
5736:
5369:
4965:
4590:
4485:
Chernenko: The Last Bolshevik: The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika
4346:
4208:
4066:
4043:
3790:
3380:[A reformer before Yegor Gaidar? Kosygin died for 30 years ago].
2594:[Alex Gvishiani: "Do not feel sorry for Kosygin!"] (in Russian).
2265:[Alex Gvishiani: "Do not feel sorry for Kosygin!"] (in Russian).
2182:
2069:
Chernenko: The Last Bolshevik: The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika
1868:
Chernenko: The Last Bolshevik: The Soviet Union on the Eve of Perestroika
1829:
1727:
1723:
1718:
for instance; he also tried to increase quantity of production, increase
1633:
1541:
1437:
1407:
1351:
1319:
1175:
1155:
1132:
932:
888:
239:
1421:
8107:
Heads of government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
6247:
4168:
3500:[The Healthy Glow of Organisation] (in Russian). pseudology.org
2671:
2669:
2667:
1719:
868:
44:
5000:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
1491:
Kosygin developed a close friendly relationship with the President of
1487:
signing the Iraqi–Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Co-Operation in 1972
4514:
3960:
A Documentary history of Communism in Russia: from Lenin to Gorbachev
3302:[Analysis of the dynamics of living standards] (in Russian).
2202:
2005:
1629:
1295:
1277:
1223:
1163:
872:
673:
4908:
4248:
The Roots of Perestroika: The Soviet Breakdown in Historical Context
4039:
The Soviet Regional Dilemma: Planning, People, and Natural Resources
2664:
2324:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 194.
1748:
2428:
1579:
1499:
880:
857:
849:
732:
683:
655:
576:
3556:
3167:Прямые инвестиции / № 9 (89) 2009. А. Милюков. О причинах кризиса.
2628:"The Soviet statesman who had the talent to be boss of Ford or GM"
1532:, who was removed from all of his posts in 1970, was succeeded by
3746:[Kosygin, Alexei Nikolayevich] (in Russian). warheroes.ru
3097:
1610:
1561:
1492:
1148:
1067:
892:
786:
755:
278:
52:
4389:
4320:
Before the Fall: An Inside View of the Pre-Watergate White House
2501:
2049:
was content to maintain the centralized structure of the Soviet
1564:
leaders, not only the highest rank, but of the middle rank, too.
1418:'s dislike of Kosygin meddling into his own ministerial affairs.
935:, overseen in Leningrad by the provincial communist party boss,
754:, and after the Red Army's demobilization in 1921, he worked in
4540:
3705:
3703:
2595:
2441:
2266:
1957:
was conducted and Kosygin was honoured by his peers; Brezhnev,
1390:
Early on in his tenure, Kosygin challenged Brezhnev's right as
1302:
Brezhnev was able to criticize Kosygin by contrasting him with
1289:
537:
3333:[Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin] (in Russian). peoples.ru
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
1616:
During an official visit by an Afghan delegation, Kosygin and
4138:
Out of Afghanistan: the Inside Story of the Soviet Withdrawal
3857:
3764:
1858:
Kosygin (right) shaking hands with Romanian communist leader
1575:
1167:
1159:
7937:
18th Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
3700:
3357:
1780:
The removal of Khrushchev in 1964 signalled the end of his "
1752:
A propaganda poster promoting the reform. The poster reads:
1085:
943:, i.e. 'mayor' of Leningrad City. In 1939, he was appointed
5465:
5088:
4296:
The Myth of the Plan: Lessons of Soviet Planning Experience
3963:
3278:
3114:
3112:
2645:
2186:
1737:
The reform was influenced by the works of Soviet economist
1710:
within a socialist framework. In 1965 Kosygin initiated an
1506:
1110:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2753:
2681:
1528:
from intervention by the Soviet leadership. Polish leader
990:
he was sent to his hometown to manage the construction of
920:
in 1927 and returned to Leningrad in 1930 to study at the
7664:
19th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
7401:
20th Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
7223:
22nd Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
7060:
23rd Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
6862:
24th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
6644:
25th Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
3640:
Rockefeller, David, 1915–2017; Рокфеллер, Дэвид. (2014).
3477:
3475:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3345:
3256:
3254:
3688:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3136:
3109:
2961:
2092:
called Kosygin an "outstanding organizer", and the "new
1456:
was signed on 12 August 1970 by Kosygin and Gromyko and
1227:
Kosygin at the Glassboro Summit Conference, 23 June 1967
835:
Western countries in general. However, the onset of the
831:, that governed the Soviet Union in Khrushchev's place.
3049:
2922:
2817:
1961:, and Tikhonov laid an urn containing his ashes at the
4900:
4343:
Modern Afghanistan: a History of Struggle and Survival
4202:
3472:
3425:
3396:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3195:
3183:
3085:
3073:
3061:
2898:
2886:
2829:
2675:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
1524:'s economic reforms and his position as leader of the
1406:. Kosygin, who had been the chief negotiator with the
8222:
People's commissars and ministers of the Soviet Union
3835:
Pirouette: Pierre Trudeau and Canadian Foreign Policy
3544:
3413:
3266:
3219:
3171:
3124:
2949:
2910:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2790:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
3715:
3207:
3148:
2841:
2555:[Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin] (in Russian).
2387:
2385:
1722:
for managers and workers, and freeing managers from
1410:
during the 1960s, was hardly to be seen outside the
727:
8 February] 1904 – 18 December 1980) was a
3830:
3562:
3236:
2982:"Alexei Kosygin has a friend at Chase Manhattan..."
2338:
1661:
1342:(which Kosygin initially resisted), the decline in
1218:
971:to manage critically important missions during the
5905:. Questionable heads of government are written in
3832:
3299:Анализ динамики показателей уровня жизни населения
2853:
2507:
2061:'s path of discipline and control and Gorbachev's
1109:Kosygin told his son-in-law Mikhail Gvishiani, an
947:for Textile and Industry and earned a seat on the
5888:
2698:
2696:
2403:
2382:
2234:
2160:in 1964, on this occasion he was also awarded an
1695:
8083:
5568:
4442:Power in the Kremlin: from Khrushchev to Kosygin
4135:
3322:
3320:
3103:
2140:of the Council of Ministers, in a speech to the
2045:, radicalized the Soviet reform movement. While
3375:
2625:
2545:
2543:
2288:Tucker, Spencer C.; Roberts, Priscilla (2008).
2057:in 1982, the reform movement was split between
1513:and previous close relations with Iraqi leader
805:, respectively. Thereafter, as a member of the
4272:This Time We Win: Revisiting the Tet Offensive
2693:
2626:RBTH; Timofeychev, Alexey (24 November 2016).
1879:, notes that Kosygin's economic report to the
1268:were the most reformist members, Brezhnev and
720:[ɐlʲɪkˈsʲejnʲɪkɐˈla(j)ɪvʲɪtɕkɐˈsɨɡʲɪn]
30:"Kosygin" redirects here. For other uses, see
8232:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Sun of Peru
7921:
7648:
7385:
7207:
7044:
6846:
6628:
6407:
5874:
5554:
4924:
4175:
3709:
3584:. 29 December 1980. p. 2. Archived from
3528:. 29 December 1980. p. 1. Archived from
3317:
2776:. London: Simon & Schuster. p. 324.
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2287:
1849:
1787:
1706:Like Khrushchev, Kosygin tried to reform the
709:
6594:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
4136:Harrison, Selig S.; Cordovez, Diego (1995).
4060:
3732:
3730:
3606:
3284:
2759:
2687:
2658:
2591:Алексей Гвишиани: "Не надо жалеть Косыгина!"
2540:
2262:Алексей Гвишиани: "Не надо жалеть Косыгина!"
2205:, present day Saint Petersburg. In 2006 the
1664:). It became known as the "golden era". The
1283:In October 1964, at a ceremony in honour of
879:of 1917–1922. After demobilization from the
797:was removed from power in 1964, Kosygin and
4035:
3831:Bothwell, Robert; Granatstein J.L. (1991).
3807:
3676:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3493:
3363:
3351:
3326:
2621:
2619:
2617:
1536:who tried to revitalize the economy of the
433:4 September 1948 – 16 October 1952
7928:
7914:
7655:
7641:
7392:
7378:
7214:
7200:
7051:
7037:
6853:
6839:
6635:
6621:
6414:
6400:
5881:
5867:
5561:
5547:
5066:Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev
4931:
4917:
4012:
3680:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3672:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2967:
2744:
2575:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
1582:in 1966, and got both nations to sign the
1147:). In March 1959, he was made Chairman of
488:18 March 1946 – 4 September 1948
111:15 October 1964 – 23 October 1980
81:
4425:. Vol. 2 (1st ed.). Routledge.
4390:Society for Contemporary Studies (1979).
4203:Medvedev, Zhores; Medvedvev, Roy (2006).
3727:
2024:
1870:, Kosygin "began to lose power" with the
1472:to the American delegation that included
1018:Kosygin became a candidate member of the
8212:Ministers of finance of the Soviet Union
6431:Ministers of Finance of the Soviet Union
4420:
3926:
3736:
3442:
3440:
3055:
2931:
2808:
2614:
2442:Andrii︠a︡nov, Viktor Ivanovich. (2003).
2363:
2310:
2156:; one being on his 60th birthday by the
1932:
1853:
1800:
1760:Kosygin believed that decentralization,
1747:
1569:Kosygin speaking at a Politburo session.
1509:, building on strong Soviet ties to the
1478:
1420:
1377:
1222:
1084:
207:First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union
8192:Heads of government of the Soviet Union
4481:
4363:
4292:
4269:
4109:
4061:Elliott, Gregory; Lewin, Moshe (2005).
3980:
3954:
3884:
3694:
3481:
3431:
3407:
3260:
3201:
3189:
3177:
3091:
3079:
3067:
2980:Shapiro, Harvey D. (24 February 1974).
2979:
2955:
2943:
2904:
2892:
2880:
2835:
2813:. London: Macmillan. pp. 384, 387.
2771:
2487:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2246:
1276:retained his leadership of the party's
1272:belonged to the moderate faction while
1192:History of the Soviet Union (1964–1982)
998:In 1943 Alexey Kosygin was promoted to
863:He and his father sympathized with the
477:16 October 1952 – 5 March 1953
14:
8202:Burials at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis
8084:
4458:
4412:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (
4340:
4317:
4083:
3903:
3876:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (
3858:Central Asian Research Centre (1979).
3721:
3550:
3448:"Soviet Union: And Then There Was One"
3419:
3272:
3230:
3130:
3012:
2916:
2534:
7909:
7636:
7373:
7195:
7032:
6834:
6616:
6395:
5862:
5542:
4938:
4912:
4899:
4507:Zubok, Vladislav Martinovich (2007).
4506:
4461:Lenin's Legacy: The Story of the CPSU
4244:
3781:
3609:Lee Kuan Yew : the Crucial Years
3437:
3213:
3154:
3142:
3118:
2847:
2502:Society for Contemporary Studies 1979
2351:
2316:
1877:Lenin's Legacy: The Story of the CPSU
1819:with the intentions of weakening the
718:
422:4 May 1960 – 21 October 1980
347:23 June 1943 – 23 March 1946
219:4 May 1960 – 15 October 1964
4439:
4225:
3512:
3376:ютуба, любитель (17 December 2010).
3245:
2823:
2796:
2749:. London: Sphere. pp. 222, 225.
2724:. Ithaca: Cornell U.P. p. 129.
2719:
2404:Андриянов, Виктор (23 August 2003).
1607:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1574:Kosygin acted as a mediator between
5056:Reaction to 1980–1981 Polish crisis
4737:Minister of Light and Food Industry
4158:
3987:The End of the Communist Revolution
3887:Inside CIA: Lessons in Intelligence
3808:Bacon, Edwin; Sandle, Mark (2002).
3576:"World: Lonely Death of a Survivor"
3520:"World: Lonely Death of a Survivor"
3378:"30 лет назад умер Алексей Косыгин"
2868:
2602:from the original on 11 August 2010
2522:
2391:
2240:
2191:Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun
1754:We're forging the keys of happiness
1652:Five-year plans of the Soviet Union
918:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
916:He applied for a membership in the
587:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
291:20 March 1959 – 4 May 1960
24:
4901:Articles related to Alexei Kosygin
4093:Cambridge University Press Archive
3765:Central Asian Research Centre 1979
3019:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
2703:"Suddenly Nikita's day was done".
2676:Z. Medvedev & R. Medvedev 2006
2559:. 27 November 2008. Archived from
2222:(Bangladesh Muktijuddho Sanmanona)
2212:
2142:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
1645:
1640:
1013:
867:and Alexei was conscripted into a
840:months later on 18 December 1980.
793:of the Council of Ministers. When
466:29 June 1957 – 4 May 1960
25:
8253:
8102:Politicians from Saint Petersburg
5099:1983 false nuclear alarm incident
4857:Candidate Member of the Politburo
4811:Candidate Member of the Presidium
4533:
3611:. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish.
3456:. 3 November 1980. Archived from
2179:Order of the Red Banner of Labour
1546:Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia
1511:Iraqi Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
1444:invited Kosygin to a summit with
1373:
1340:Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia
1121:
1049:
911:
875:side at the age of 14 during the
8227:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
6511:
6423:
4539:
3866:: Central Asian Research Centre.
3787:The Rise & Fall of Communism
2220:Bangladesh Liberation War Honour
2102:The Rise & Fall of Communism
1991:United States Secretary of State
1402:to believe that Kosygin was the
1219:Struggle for power with Brezhnev
813:(also known by its Russian name
746:Kosygin was born in the city of
628:
623:
4880:Member of the Central Committee
4228:A History of Russia: Since 1855
3633:
3600:
3568:
3563:Bothwell & Granatstein 1991
3487:
3369:
3290:
3160:
3023:
3006:
2973:
2811:Power and Policy in the U.S.S.R
2802:
2765:
2738:
2713:
2557:Moscow State Textile University
2410:[The Unknown Kosygin].
2199:Moscow State Textile University
2175:Order of the October Revolution
2158:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
2154:Hero of Socialist Labour (USSR)
2065:of all aspects of public life.
1892:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
951:(CC). In 1940 Kosygin became a
906:
829:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
809:, Kosygin formed an unofficial
8217:World War II political leaders
6126:Council of People's Commissars
4991:Brezhnev assassination attempt
4685:Council of People's Commissars
4013:Dannenberg, Julia von (2008).
3743:Косы́гин, Алексе́й Никола́евич
2709:. 23 October 1964. p. 35.
2397:
2357:
2281:
1968:
1350:(he advocated restraint), the
1318:, for being a return to quasi
1310:than improving the quality of
1185:
1004:Council of People's Commissars
957:Council of People's Commissars
597:Klavdia Andreyevna (died 1967)
13:
1:
5890:Heads of government of Russia
4981:1968 Red Square demonstration
4036:Dellenbrant, Jan Åke (1986).
2227:
2173:by the Soviet state, and one
1795:intensification of production
1386:at a visit to Cairo, May 1966
1382:Kosygin with Egypt President
967:Kosygin was appointed by the
843:
801:succeeded him as Premier and
766:), Kosygin was tasked by the
711:Алексе́й Никола́евич Косы́гин
41:Eastern Slavic naming customs
27:Soviet politician (1904–1980)
5570:Premiers of the Soviet Union
5114:1984 Summer Olympics boycott
5036:1978 Georgian demonstrations
4600:of the Council of Ministers
4572:of the Council of Ministers
4423:Encyclopedia of the Cold War
3497:Организация здорового накала
3104:Harrison & Cordovez 1995
2774:Khrushchev, The Man, His Era
2209:renamed a street after him.
1833:leadership was initiated by
1540:by borrowing money from the
7:
6376:Russian Government Cabinets
5814:Vladilen Niktin (1989–1990)
5094:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
4996:Sino-Soviet border conflict
4961:Glassboro Summit Conference
3910:Manchester University Press
3841:University of Toronto Press
3037:(in Finnish). 23 April 2017
2745:Khrushchev, Nikita (1971).
2106:1965 Soviet economic reform
1811:1979 Soviet economic reform
1807:1973 Soviet economic reform
1774:1965 Soviet economic reform
1702:1965 Soviet economic reform
1554:1965 Soviet economic reform
1538:People's Republic of Poland
1526:Hungarian People's Republic
1468:. In 1971, Kosygin gave an
1450:Glassboro Summit Conference
1431:Glassboro Summit Conference
1348:Sino–Soviet border conflict
922:Leningrad Textile Institute
774:for a year before becoming
737:Premier of the Soviet Union
706:Alexei Nikolayevich Kosygin
99:Premier of the Soviet Union
10:
8258:
8197:Heroes of Socialist Labour
4976:Invasion of Czechoslovakia
4760:Minister of Light Industry
4714:Minister of Consumer Goods
4459:Wesson, Robert G. (1978).
4444:. New York: Viking Press.
4163:. New York: Ardent Media.
4119:Princeton University Press
3774:
3330:Алексей Николаевич Косыгин
2552:Алексей Николаевич Косыгин
2366:The Soviet Union 1917-1991
2195:Francisco Morales Bermúdez
2147:
1850:Later life and resignation
1835:Kosygin's fifth government
1815:Kosygin initiated another
1804:
1788:Cancellation and aftermath
1767:
1699:
1649:
1620:criticized Afghan leaders
1483:Alexei Kosygin (left) and
1425:Kosygin with US President
1404:leader of the Soviet Union
1230:
1195:
1189:
992:an ice road and a pipeline
962:
776:Minister of Light Industry
39:In this name that follows
38:
29:
8025:
7944:
7812:
7671:
7539:
7408:
7311:
7230:
7133:
7067:
6970:
6869:
6757:
6651:
6588:
6520:
6509:
6438:
6371:
6261:
6184:
6124:
6115:
6092:
6035:
5923:
5914:
5901:Acting chairmen shown in
5896:
5848:Prime Ministers of Russia
5833:
5667:
5576:
5499:
5458:
5451:
5403:
5359:
5127:
5079:
5071:Legacy of Leonid Brezhnev
4946:
4906:
4886:
4877:
4871:
4863:
4854:
4848:
4840:
4831:
4825:
4817:
4808:
4802:
4794:
4785:
4779:
4774:
4766:
4757:
4751:
4743:
4734:
4728:
4720:
4711:
4705:
4695:
4678:
4670:
4660:
4651:
4643:
4633:
4623:
4615:
4605:
4595:
4587:
4577:
4567:
4559:
4554:
3933:Saddam: His Rise and Fall
3904:Colman, Jonathan (2004).
3710:Mawdsley & White 2000
2809:Conquest, Robert (1961).
2772:Taubman, William (2005).
2364:McCauley, Martin (1993).
2269:. 9 April 2004. p. 3
2110:Soviet ministerial system
2019:
1550:1956 Hungarian revolution
819:) alongside Brezhnev and
710:
699:
689:
679:
669:
661:
651:
641:
636:
619:
611:
601:
593:
582:
572:
562:
551:
527:
513:8 February] 1904
505:
500:
496:
481:
470:
459:
437:
426:
415:
385:
373:
361:
351:
340:
329:
317:
305:
295:
284:
276:
272:
268:
261:
257:
245:
233:
223:
212:
205:
193:
181:
171:
133:
115:
104:
96:
92:
80:
71:
64:
5041:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
5031:1977 Soviet constitution
4775:Party political offices
4627:State Planning Committee
4318:Safire, William (1988).
4230:. London: Anthem Press.
3990:. Taylor & Francis.
3885:Chauhan, Sharad (2004).
3742:
3496:
3329:
3298:
3285:Elliott & Lewin 2005
2760:Elliott & Lewin 2005
2720:Hahn, Werner G. (1982).
2688:Elliott & Lewin 2005
2659:Elliott & Lewin 2005
2590:
2551:
2406:
2368:. Longman. p. 288.
2261:
1981:Canadian Prime Minister
1928:
1896:1977 Soviet Constitution
1613:and the whole of Asia".
1442:United States Government
1068:State Planning Committee
1024:Soviet famine of 1946–47
848:Kosygin was born into a
787:State Planning Committee
723:; 21 February [
438:Candidate member of the
279:State Planning Committee
72:
32:Kosygin (disambiguation)
7885:Panteleimon Ponomarenko
7764:Panteleimon Ponomarenko
6521:Deputy heads of Finance
4834:Member of the Presidium
4788:Member of the Politburo
4421:van Dijk, Ruud (2008).
4293:Rutland, Peter (1985).
4270:Robbins, James (2010).
4253:McFarland & Company
4186:Oxford University Press
4142:Oxford University Press
4019:Oxford University Press
3982:Daniels, Robert Vincent
3956:Daniels, Robert Vincent
3352:Bacon & Sandle 2002
3304:Moscow State University
1963:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
1947:Eleventh Five-Year Plan
1938:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
1817:economic reform in 1973
1091:House on the Embankment
1066:, then Chairman of the
969:State Defence Committee
768:State Defence Committee
606:House on the Embankment
556:Kremlin Wall Necropolis
7339:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky
7166:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky
6947:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky
6734:Volodymyr Shcherbytsky
6094:Provisional Government
5925:Committee of Ministers
4490:Transaction Publishers
4482:Zemtsov, Ilya (1989).
4245:Ploss, Sidney (2010).
4159:Law, David A. (1975).
3013:Church, Frank (1971).
2025:Historical assessments
1941:
1863:
1757:
1588:international politics
1572:
1488:
1433:
1387:
1344:agriculture production
1312:light industrial goods
1264:Kosygin, Podgorny and
1253:who ultimately became
1228:
1107:
1100:wrote in his memoirs:
1094:
615:Teacher, civil servant
509:21 February [
8053:Alexander Shcherbakov
5838:First Deputy Premiers
4956:Collective leadership
4598:First Deputy Chairman
4440:Tatu, Michel (1969).
4341:Saikal, Amin (2006).
4226:Moss, Walter (2005).
3810:Brezhnev Reconsidered
3607:Josey, Alex. (2012).
1936:
1909:First Deputy chairman
1857:
1801:1973 and 1979 reforms
1762:semi-public companies
1751:
1658:Eighth Five-Year Plan
1650:Further information:
1558:
1482:
1424:
1381:
1356:Soviet–American talks
1239:collective leadership
1233:Collective leadership
1231:Further information:
1226:
1190:Further information:
1102:
1088:
807:collective leadership
791:First Deputy chairman
731:statesman during the
662:Years of service
141:First Deputy Premiers
7557:Nuritdin Mukhitdinov
7516:Nuritdin Mukhitdinov
6800:Konstantin Chernenko
6739:Konstantin Chernenko
6381:Premiers of the USSR
6185:Council of Ministers
6037:Council of Ministers
5395:Konstantin Chernenko
5109:Uzbek cotton scandal
5051:1980 Summer Olympics
5026:1977 Moscow bombings
4548:at Wikimedia Commons
4301:Taylor & Francis
4161:Russian Civilization
4065:. London; New York:
3860:USSR and Third World
2747:Khrushchev Remembers
2130:Council of Ministers
1913:Council of Ministers
1696:The "Kosygin" reform
1681:Tenth Five-Year Plan
1670:Ninth Five-Year Plan
1662:The "Kosygin" reform
1584:Tashkent Declaration
1485:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1368:Ninth Five-Year Plan
1316:Konstantin Chernenko
1172:Cuban Missile Crisis
1072:First Deputy Premier
1022:in 1946. During the
1006:(government) of the
263:Additional positions
8242:Chairman of Gosplan
8043:Nikolai Voznesensky
8007:Nikolai Voznesensky
7734:Vyacheslav Malyshev
7562:Yekaterina Furtseva
7506:Yekaterina Furtseva
7008:Mikhail Solomentsev
6810:Eduard Shevardnadze
6790:Mikhail Solomentsev
4654:Minister of Finance
4463:. Stanford, Calif:
3460:on 25 November 2010
3145:, pp. 352–353.
3121:, pp. 194–195.
2946:, pp. 718–719.
2826:, pp. 284–288.
2407:Неизвестный Косыгин
2318:Zubok, Vladislav M.
1951:praised by Brezhnev
1881:25th Party Congress
1872:24th Party Congress
1666:23rd Party Congress
1622:Nur Muhammad Taraki
1470:extensive interview
1364:24th Party Congress
1324:23rd Party Congress
1064:Nikolai Voznesensky
973:Great Patriotic War
772:Minister of Finance
760:Great Patriotic War
735:. He served as the
386:Full member of the
7982:Vyacheslav Molotov
7957:Kliment Voroshilov
7875:Mir Jafar Baghirov
7850:Nikolai Patolichev
7754:Vyacheslav Molotov
7714:Demyan Korotchenko
7699:Kliment Voroshilov
7587:Demyan Korotchenko
7446:Vyacheslav Molotov
7421:Kliment Voroshilov
7303:Alexander Shelepin
7171:Dinmukhamed Kunaev
7105:Alexander Shelepin
6937:Alexander Shelepin
6907:Dinmukhamed Kunaev
6699:Dinmukhamed Kunaev
6601:Russian Federation
6565:Nikolai Garetovsky
6451:Nikolai Bryukhanov
6446:Grigori Sokolnikov
6263:Russian Federation
5081:Events (1982–1985)
5016:Vladivostok Summit
4948:Events (1964–1982)
4754:Nikolai Tshesnokov
4555:Political offices
4205:The Unknown Stalin
4089:Socialist Planning
4063:The Soviet Century
3889:. APH Publishing.
3864:Indiana University
3814:Palgrave Macmillan
2985:The New York Times
2413:Rossiyskaya Gazeta
2207:Russian Government
2122:Mikhail Smirtyukov
2082:The Unknown Stalin
2074:The Soviet Century
2031:standard of living
1994:Henry A. Kissinger
1942:
1940:– grave of Kosygin
1864:
1821:central Ministries
1782:housing revolution
1758:
1690:Soviet agriculture
1674:standard of living
1520:Kosygin protected
1515:Abd al-Karim Qasim
1489:
1454:1970 Moscow Treaty
1434:
1400:Henry A. Kissinger
1396:head of government
1388:
1384:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1308:Soviet agriculture
1229:
1095:
1032:Vyacheslav Molotov
988:Leningrad Blockade
945:People's Commissar
8077:
8076:
8071:
8070:
8026:Candidate members
7992:Nikita Khrushchev
7903:
7902:
7895:Alexei Kirichenko
7860:Alexander Puzanov
7813:Candidate members
7804:Alexei Kirichenko
7799:Matvei Shkiryatov
7784:Nikita Khrushchev
7759:Mikhail Pervukhin
7749:Nikolai Mikhailov
7630:
7629:
7607:Mikhail Pervukhin
7602:Vasil Mzhavanadze
7577:Jānis Kalnbērziņš
7540:Candidate members
7466:Nikita Khrushchev
7451:Mikhail Pervukhin
7431:Alexei Kirichenko
7367:
7366:
7329:Vasil Mzhavanadze
7312:Candidate members
7283:Nikita Khrushchev
7189:
7188:
7151:Vasil Mzhavanadze
7134:Candidate members
7026:
7025:
6993:Vasil Mzhavanadze
6971:Candidate members
6828:
6827:
6815:Mikhail Gorbachev
6758:Candidate members
6749:Mikhail Gorbachev
6610:
6609:
6502:Vladimir Rayevsky
6389:
6388:
6257:
6256:
6088:
6087:
5856:
5855:
5536:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5128:Politburo members
5046:Soviet–Afghan War
4986:Brezhnev Doctrine
4940:Era of Stagnation
4894:
4893:
4887:Succeeded by
4864:Succeeded by
4841:Succeeded by
4818:Succeeded by
4795:Succeeded by
4767:Succeeded by
4744:Succeeded by
4721:Succeeded by
4696:Succeeded by
4661:Succeeded by
4634:Succeeded by
4606:Succeeded by
4578:Succeeded by
4563:Nikita Khrushchev
4544:Media related to
4373:Penguin Books Ltd
4333:978-0-306-80334-5
4237:978-1-84331-034-1
3800:978-0-224-07879-5
3697:, pp. 86–87.
3651:978-5-4438-0878-9
3618:978-981-4435-49-9
3494:Вергасов, Фатех.
3366:, pp. 74–75.
3327:Травин, Дмитрий.
3106:, pp. 36–37.
3035:Helsingin Sanomat
2799:, pp. 93–94.
2563:on 10 August 2010
2331:978-0-8078-5958-2
2290:"Kosygin, Alexei"
2166:Hammer and Sickle
2126:Executive Officer
2118:Nikolai Egorychev
2039:Nikita Khrushchev
2014:David Rockefeller
1987:Mikhail Gorbachev
1922:Central Committee
1860:Nicolae Ceaușescu
1595:Sino–Soviet split
1530:Władysław Gomułka
1474:David Rockefeller
1446:Lyndon B. Johnson
1427:Lyndon B. Johnson
1392:general secretary
1322:policies. At the
1285:Soviet cosmonauts
1247:general secretary
1141:Central Committee
1098:Nikita Khrushchev
949:Central Committee
877:Russian Civil War
795:Nikita Khrushchev
752:Russian Civil War
703:
702:
694:Russian Civil War
492:
491:
300:Nikita Khrushchev
228:Nikita Khrushchev
188:Nikita Khrushchev
16:(Redirected from
8249:
8237:Soviet reformers
8207:Soviet engineers
8058:Nikolai Bulganin
8038:Nikolai Shvernik
8012:Nikolai Bulganin
7967:Lazar Kaganovich
7930:
7923:
7916:
7907:
7906:
7890:Nikolai Shvernik
7825:Andrey Vyshinsky
7794:Nikolai Shvernik
7789:Dmitry Chesnokov
7719:Vasili Kuznetsov
7709:Lazar Kaganovich
7694:Nikolai Bulganin
7679:Vasily Andrianov
7657:
7650:
7643:
7634:
7633:
7622:Dmitry Polyansky
7617:Nikolai Podgorny
7582:Andrei Kirilenko
7567:Nikolai Shvernik
7531:Dmitry Polyansky
7526:Nikolai Podgorny
7511:Nikolai Shvernik
7426:Lazar Kaganovich
7416:Nikolai Bulganin
7394:
7387:
7380:
7371:
7370:
7293:Andrei Kirilenko
7288:Nikolai Shvernik
7273:Dmitry Polyansky
7268:Nikolai Podgorny
7216:
7209:
7202:
7193:
7192:
7115:Dmitry Polyansky
7100:Andrei Kirilenko
7085:Nikolai Podgorny
7053:
7046:
7039:
7030:
7029:
6927:Dmitry Polyansky
6922:Nikolai Podgorny
6892:Andrei Kirilenko
6855:
6848:
6841:
6832:
6831:
6805:Nikolai Tikhonov
6795:Vasili Kuznetsov
6744:Nikolai Tikhonov
6714:Nikolai Podgorny
6684:Andrei Kirilenko
6637:
6630:
6623:
6614:
6613:
6602:
6595:
6570:Vladimir Panskov
6555:Victor Dementsev
6515:
6432:
6428:
6427:
6416:
6409:
6402:
6393:
6392:
6122:
6121:
5947:
5935:
5921:
5920:
5908:
5883:
5876:
5869:
5860:
5859:
5826:(Jan.–Nov. 1991)
5820:(Jan.–Nov. 1991)
5703:(Mar.–June 1953)
5660:(Aug.–Dec. 1991)
5646:(Jan.–Aug. 1991)
5563:
5556:
5549:
5540:
5539:
5456:
5455:
5452:National economy
5119:Friendship Games
5021:Helsinki Accords
4933:
4926:
4919:
4910:
4909:
4897:
4896:
4872:Preceded by
4849:Preceded by
4826:Preceded by
4803:Preceded by
4780:Preceded by
4752:Preceded by
4729:Preceded by
4706:Preceded by
4699:Mikhail Rodionov
4671:Preceded by
4644:Preceded by
4637:Vladimir Novikov
4625:Chairman of the
4616:Preceded by
4588:Preceded by
4581:Nikolai Tikhonov
4560:Preceded by
4552:
4551:
4543:
4528:
4503:
4478:
4455:
4436:
4417:
4411:
4403:
4392:The Contemporary
4386:
4371:(3rd ed.).
4360:
4337:
4314:
4289:
4266:
4241:
4222:
4199:
4176:Mawdsley, Evan;
4172:
4155:
4132:
4111:Gibbons, William
4106:
4091:(2nd ed.).
4080:
4057:
4032:
4009:
3977:
3962:(3rd ed.).
3951:
3938:Harper Perennial
3923:
3900:
3881:
3875:
3867:
3854:
3838:
3827:
3804:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3734:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3671:
3663:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3491:
3485:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3444:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3373:
3367:
3364:Dellenbrant 1986
3361:
3355:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3324:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3294:
3288:
3282:
3276:
3270:
3264:
3258:
3249:
3243:
3234:
3228:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3107:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2769:
2763:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2691:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2662:
2656:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2623:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2598:. 9 April 2004.
2586:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2547:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2485:
2479:
2475:
2473:
2465:
2439:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2380:
2379:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2336:
2335:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2257:
2244:
2238:
2055:Brezhnev's death
2002:Soviet dissident
1917:Nikolai Tikhonov
1844:Nikolai Tikhonov
1743:decentralization
1618:Andrei Kirilenko
1570:
1464:who represented
1266:Andrei Kirilenko
1251:Nikolai Podgorny
1214:Fifth Government
1129:Anti-Party Group
1080:Leningrad affair
1076:Alexey Kuznetsov
1040:Lazar Kaganovich
930:
854:Saint Petersburg
821:Nikolai Podgorny
748:Saint Petersburg
722:
717:
713:
712:
637:Military service
632:
627:
534:
531:18 December 1980
523:
516:Saint Petersburg
501:Personal details
486:
475:
464:
431:
420:
380:Mikhail Rodionov
376:
364:
345:
324:Vladimir Novikov
320:
308:
289:
277:Chairman of the
259:
258:
248:
236:
217:
200:Nikolai Tikhonov
196:
184:
163:Nikolai Tikhonov
158:Dmitry Polyansky
124:Nikolai Podgorny
109:
85:
75:
62:
61:
21:
8257:
8256:
8252:
8251:
8250:
8248:
8247:
8246:
8082:
8081:
8078:
8073:
8072:
8067:
8048:Georgy Malenkov
8033:Lavrentiy Beria
8021:
8002:Georgy Malenkov
7997:Lavrentiy Beria
7977:Anastas Mikoyan
7972:Mikhail Kalinin
7952:Andrey Andreyev
7940:
7934:
7904:
7899:
7880:Leonid Melnikov
7835:Nikolai Ignatov
7820:Leonid Brezhnev
7808:
7744:Anastas Mikoyan
7739:Leonid Melnikov
7729:Georgy Malenkov
7704:Semyon Ignatyev
7689:Lavrentiy Beria
7667:
7661:
7631:
7626:
7572:Dmitri Shepilov
7547:Leonid Brezhnev
7535:
7491:Nikolai Ignatov
7481:Leonid Brezhnev
7476:Nikolai Belyaev
7441:Anastas Mikoyan
7436:Georgy Malenkov
7404:
7398:
7368:
7363:
7334:Sharof Rashidov
7307:
7263:Anastas Mikoyan
7243:Gennady Voronov
7238:Leonid Brezhnev
7226:
7220:
7190:
7185:
7156:Sharof Rashidov
7129:
7095:Gennady Voronov
7075:Leonid Brezhnev
7063:
7057:
7027:
7022:
7018:Grigory Romanov
7013:Boris Ponomarev
6998:Sharof Rashidov
6966:
6882:Gennady Voronov
6877:Leonid Brezhnev
6865:
6859:
6829:
6824:
6820:Tikhon Kiselyov
6785:Sharof Rashidov
6780:Boris Ponomarev
6753:
6719:Grigory Romanov
6664:Leonid Brezhnev
6647:
6641:
6611:
6606:
6600:
6593:
6584:
6560:Valentin Pavlov
6550:Vladimir Sitnin
6545:Alexei Poskonov
6540:Vasily Garbuzov
6530:Alexei Poskonov
6522:
6516:
6507:
6491:Valentin Pavlov
6481:Vasily Garbuzov
6456:Hryhoriy Hrynko
6439:Head of Finance
6434:
6430:
6422:
6420:
6390:
6385:
6367:
6253:
6180:
6111:
6084:
6031:
5945:
5933:
5910:
5906:
5892:
5887:
5857:
5852:
5843:Deputy Premiers
5829:
5663:
5572:
5567:
5537:
5528:
5501:Five-year plans
5495:
5447:
5399:
5355:
5129:
5123:
5075:
5006:1973 oil crisis
4942:
4937:
4902:
4890:
4883:
4875:
4867:
4860:
4852:
4844:
4837:
4829:
4821:
4814:
4806:
4798:
4791:
4783:
4770:
4763:
4755:
4747:
4740:
4732:
4724:
4717:
4709:
4701:
4692:
4676:
4666:
4657:
4649:
4639:
4630:
4621:
4611:
4609:Dmitriy Ustinov
4602:
4593:
4583:
4574:
4565:
4536:
4531:
4525:
4500:
4475:
4452:
4433:
4405:
4404:
4383:
4365:Service, Robert
4357:
4334:
4311:
4286:
4276:Encounter Books
4263:
4238:
4219:
4196:
4152:
4129:
4103:
4085:Ellman, Michael
4077:
4054:
4029:
3998:
3974:
3948:
3920:
3897:
3869:
3868:
3862:. Vol. 8.
3851:
3824:
3801:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3763:
3759:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3735:
3728:
3720:
3716:
3708:
3701:
3693:
3689:
3665:
3664:
3652:
3638:
3634:
3619:
3605:
3601:
3591:
3589:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3561:
3557:
3549:
3545:
3535:
3533:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3492:
3488:
3480:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3430:
3426:
3418:
3414:
3406:
3397:
3387:
3385:
3374:
3370:
3362:
3358:
3350:
3346:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3325:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3283:
3279:
3271:
3267:
3259:
3252:
3244:
3237:
3229:
3220:
3212:
3208:
3200:
3196:
3188:
3184:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3161:
3153:
3149:
3141:
3137:
3129:
3125:
3117:
3110:
3102:
3098:
3090:
3086:
3078:
3074:
3066:
3062:
3054:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2978:
2974:
2968:Dannenberg 2008
2966:
2962:
2954:
2950:
2942:
2938:
2930:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2903:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2867:
2854:
2846:
2842:
2834:
2830:
2822:
2818:
2807:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2770:
2766:
2758:
2754:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2718:
2714:
2702:
2701:
2694:
2686:
2682:
2674:
2665:
2657:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2624:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2521:
2508:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2454:
2440:
2429:
2419:
2417:
2408:
2402:
2398:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2362:
2358:
2350:
2339:
2332:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2270:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2247:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2215:
2213:Foreign honours
2171:Orders of Lenin
2150:
2134:Nikolai Ryzhkov
2104:, believes the
2090:Zhores Medvedev
2051:planned economy
2047:Leonid Brezhnev
2027:
2022:
2008:Prime Minister
1998:Andrei Sakharov
1971:
1931:
1852:
1813:
1805:Main articles:
1803:
1790:
1770:
1712:economic reform
1708:command economy
1704:
1698:
1654:
1648:
1646:Five-Year Plans
1643:
1641:Economic policy
1626:Hafizullah Amin
1571:
1568:
1502:confrontation.
1376:
1243:Leonid Brezhnev
1235:
1221:
1216:
1198:Kosygin's First
1194:
1188:
1180:Leonid Brezhnev
1124:
1060:Georgy Malenkov
1056:Lavrentiy Beria
1052:
1036:Anastas Mikoyan
1016:
1014:Afterwar period
965:
953:Deputy Chairman
924:
914:
909:
846:
803:First Secretary
799:Leonid Brezhnev
741:Leonid Brezhnev
715:
583:Political party
536:
532:
519:
514:
487:
482:
476:
471:
465:
460:
432:
427:
421:
416:
374:
362:
346:
341:
318:
306:
290:
285:
264:
252:Dmitriy Ustinov
246:
234:
218:
213:
194:
182:
176:Leonid Brezhnev
167:
148:Dmitriy Ustinov
144:
143:
128:Leonid Brezhnev
126:
122:
120:Anastas Mikoyan
110:
105:
88:
87:Kosygin in 1972
76:
74:Алексей Косыгин
73:
67:
60:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8255:
8245:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8075:
8074:
8069:
8068:
8066:
8065:
8063:Alexei Kosygin
8060:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8029:
8027:
8023:
8022:
8020:
8019:
8017:Alexei Kosygin
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7962:Andrei Zhdanov
7959:
7954:
7948:
7946:
7942:
7941:
7933:
7932:
7925:
7918:
7910:
7901:
7900:
7898:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7845:Alexei Kosygin
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7816:
7814:
7810:
7809:
7807:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7779:Mikhail Suslov
7776:
7771:
7769:Maksim Saburov
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7684:Averky Aristov
7681:
7675:
7673:
7669:
7668:
7660:
7659:
7652:
7645:
7637:
7628:
7627:
7625:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7612:Pyotr Pospelov
7609:
7604:
7599:
7597:Kirill Mazurov
7594:
7592:Alexei Kosygin
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7543:
7541:
7537:
7536:
7534:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7521:Alexei Kosygin
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7471:Averky Aristov
7468:
7463:
7461:Mikhail Suslov
7458:
7456:Maksim Saburov
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7412:
7410:
7406:
7405:
7397:
7396:
7389:
7382:
7374:
7365:
7364:
7362:
7361:
7359:Dmitry Ustinov
7356:
7354:Pyotr Demichev
7351:
7346:
7344:Leonid Efremov
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7324:Kirill Mazurov
7321:
7319:Viktor Grishin
7315:
7313:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7278:Mikhail Suslov
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7253:Alexei Kosygin
7250:
7245:
7240:
7234:
7232:
7228:
7227:
7219:
7218:
7211:
7204:
7196:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7183:
7178:
7176:Pyotr Masherov
7173:
7168:
7163:
7161:Dmitry Ustinov
7158:
7153:
7148:
7146:Viktor Grishin
7143:
7141:Pyotr Demichev
7137:
7135:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7110:Kirill Mazurov
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7090:Mikhail Suslov
7087:
7082:
7080:Alexei Kosygin
7077:
7071:
7069:
7065:
7064:
7056:
7055:
7048:
7041:
7033:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7003:Dmitry Ustinov
7000:
6995:
6990:
6988:Pyotr Masherov
6985:
6983:Pyotr Demichev
6980:
6974:
6972:
6968:
6967:
6965:
6964:
6962:Andrei Gromyko
6959:
6957:Andrei Grechko
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6932:Mikhail Suslov
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6912:Kirill Mazurov
6909:
6904:
6902:Fyodor Kulakov
6899:
6897:Alexei Kosygin
6894:
6889:
6887:Viktor Grishin
6884:
6879:
6873:
6871:
6867:
6866:
6858:
6857:
6850:
6843:
6835:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6775:Pyotr Masherov
6772:
6770:Pyotr Demichev
6767:
6761:
6759:
6755:
6754:
6752:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6729:Dmitry Ustinov
6726:
6724:Mikhail Suslov
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6704:Kirill Mazurov
6701:
6696:
6694:Fyodor Kulakov
6691:
6689:Alexei Kosygin
6686:
6681:
6679:Andrei Gromyko
6676:
6674:Viktor Grishin
6671:
6669:Andrei Grechko
6666:
6661:
6655:
6653:
6649:
6648:
6640:
6639:
6632:
6625:
6617:
6608:
6607:
6605:
6604:
6597:
6589:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6577:
6575:Vladimir Orlov
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6526:
6524:
6518:
6517:
6510:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6498:
6496:Vladimir Orlov
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6471:Alexei Kosygin
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6442:
6440:
6436:
6435:
6419:
6418:
6411:
6404:
6396:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6378:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6275:
6267:
6265:
6259:
6258:
6255:
6254:
6252:
6251:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6188:
6186:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6178:
6173:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6130:
6128:
6119:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6109:
6104:
6098:
6096:
6090:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6041:
6039:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5942:
5937:
5929:
5927:
5918:
5916:Russian Empire
5912:
5911:
5897:
5894:
5893:
5886:
5885:
5878:
5871:
5863:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5834:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5821:
5815:
5812:
5806:
5800:
5794:
5788:
5782:
5776:
5770:
5764:
5758:
5752:
5746:
5740:
5734:
5728:
5722:
5716:
5710:
5704:
5698:
5692:
5686:
5680:
5673:
5671:
5669:First Deputies
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5655:
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5505:
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5497:
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5494:
5493:
5488:
5486:Food Programme
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5462:
5460:
5453:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5438:Tikhonov's 1st
5435:
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5415:
5409:
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5400:
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5387:
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5140:
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5111:
5106:
5104:Able Archer 83
5101:
5096:
5091:
5085:
5083:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5061:Exercise Zapad
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5011:Fall of Saigon
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4952:
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4707:
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4659:
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4635:
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4584:
4579:
4576:
4566:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4546:Alexei Kosygin
4535:
4534:External links
4532:
4530:
4529:
4524:978-0807830987
4523:
4504:
4499:978-0887382604
4498:
4479:
4474:978-0817969226
4473:
4456:
4450:
4437:
4432:978-0415975155
4431:
4418:
4387:
4382:978-0141037974
4381:
4361:
4356:978-1850434375
4355:
4338:
4332:
4315:
4310:978-0812690057
4309:
4290:
4285:978-1594032295
4284:
4267:
4262:978-0786444861
4261:
4242:
4236:
4223:
4218:978-1585675029
4217:
4200:
4195:978-0198297383
4194:
4178:White, Stephen
4173:
4156:
4151:978-0195062946
4150:
4133:
4128:978-0691006352
4127:
4107:
4102:978-0521358668
4101:
4081:
4076:978-1844670161
4075:
4058:
4053:978-0873323840
4052:
4033:
4028:978-0199228195
4027:
4010:
3996:
3978:
3973:978-0874516166
3972:
3952:
3947:978-0060505431
3946:
3924:
3918:
3901:
3895:
3882:
3855:
3850:978-0802057808
3849:
3828:
3823:978-0333794630
3822:
3805:
3799:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3757:
3726:
3714:
3712:, p. 272.
3699:
3687:
3650:
3632:
3617:
3599:
3588:on 21 May 2008
3567:
3565:, p. 193.
3555:
3553:, p. 293.
3543:
3532:on 21 May 2008
3511:
3486:
3484:, p. 105.
3471:
3436:
3434:, p. 118.
3424:
3422:, p. 254.
3412:
3410:, p. 119.
3395:
3368:
3356:
3344:
3316:
3289:
3287:, p. 249.
3277:
3275:, p. 240.
3265:
3263:, p. 207.
3250:
3248:, p. 431.
3235:
3233:, p. 253.
3218:
3216:, p. 171.
3206:
3204:, p. 137.
3194:
3192:, p. 302.
3182:
3170:
3159:
3157:, p. 354.
3147:
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3133:, p. 125.
3123:
3108:
3096:
3094:, p. 388.
3084:
3082:, p. 386.
3072:
3070:, p. 385.
3060:
3058:, p. 106.
3048:
3022:
3005:
2972:
2960:
2948:
2936:
2934:, p. 525.
2921:
2919:, p. 248.
2909:
2907:, p. 103.
2897:
2895:, p. 102.
2885:
2873:
2871:, p. 211.
2852:
2850:, p. 402.
2840:
2838:, p. 377.
2828:
2816:
2801:
2789:
2782:
2764:
2752:
2737:
2730:
2712:
2692:
2680:
2663:
2661:, p. 248.
2644:
2613:
2574:
2539:
2537:, p. 610.
2527:
2525:, p. 222.
2506:
2494:
2452:
2427:
2396:
2394:, p. 221.
2381:
2374:
2356:
2354:, p. 403.
2337:
2330:
2309:
2303:978-1851098422
2302:
2280:
2245:
2243:, p. 214.
2232:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2214:
2211:
2162:Order of Lenin
2149:
2146:
2063:liberalization
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
1983:Pierre Trudeau
1970:
1967:
1930:
1927:
1851:
1848:
1802:
1799:
1789:
1786:
1769:
1766:
1739:Evsei Liberman
1732:light industry
1700:Main article:
1697:
1694:
1685:consumer goods
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1566:
1416:Andrei Gromyko
1375:
1374:Foreign policy
1372:
1338:and the later
1304:Vladimir Lenin
1274:Mikhail Suslov
1241:that included
1220:
1217:
1187:
1184:
1123:
1122:Khrushchev era
1120:
1051:
1050:Temporary fall
1048:
1044:consumer goods
1015:
1012:
964:
961:
937:Andrei Zhdanov
913:
912:Pre-war period
910:
908:
905:
897:Vladimir Lenin
856:. Kosygin was
845:
842:
708:(Russian:
701:
700:
697:
696:
691:
687:
686:
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677:
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671:
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535:(aged 76)
529:
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153:Kirill Mazurov
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66:Alexei Kosygin
65:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8254:
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8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7987:Joseph Stalin
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
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7970:
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7891:
7888:
7886:
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7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7865:Ivan Tevosian
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7855:Nikolai Pegov
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7830:Arseny Zverev
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7817:
7815:
7811:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7774:Joseph Stalin
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
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7727:
7725:
7724:Otto Kuusinen
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7552:Georgy Zhukov
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7501:Otto Kuusinen
7499:
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7486:Georgy Zhukov
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7349:Petro Shelest
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7298:Petro Shelest
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7258:Otto Kuusinen
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7181:Yuri Andropov
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7120:Petro Shelest
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6978:Yuri Andropov
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6952:Yuri Andropov
6950:
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6942:Petro Shelest
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6765:Heydar Aliyev
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6659:Yuri Andropov
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6580:Andrei Zverev
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6535:Arseny Zverev
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5891:
5884:
5879:
5877:
5872:
5870:
5865:
5864:
5861:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5726:
5723:
5720:
5717:
5714:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5699:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5670:
5666:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5609:
5606:
5603:
5600:
5597:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5564:
5559:
5557:
5552:
5550:
5545:
5544:
5541:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5498:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5450:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5413:Kosygin's 1st
5411:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5390:Yuri Andropov
5388:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5358:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4971:Prague Spring
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4934:
4929:
4927:
4922:
4920:
4915:
4914:
4911:
4905:
4898:
4882:
4881:
4870:
4859:
4858:
4847:
4836:
4835:
4824:
4813:
4812:
4801:
4790:
4789:
4778:
4773:
4762:
4761:
4750:
4739:
4738:
4727:
4723:Nikita Ryzhov
4716:
4715:
4704:
4700:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4675:
4674:Ivan Khokhlov
4669:
4665:
4664:Arseny Zverev
4656:
4655:
4648:
4647:Arseny Zverev
4642:
4638:
4629:
4628:
4620:
4619:Joseph Kuzmin
4614:
4610:
4601:
4599:
4592:
4586:
4582:
4573:
4571:
4564:
4558:
4553:
4547:
4542:
4538:
4537:
4526:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4457:
4453:
4451:9780670570287
4447:
4443:
4438:
4434:
4428:
4424:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4325:
4324:Da Capo Press
4321:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4291:
4287:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4249:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4229:
4224:
4220:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4197:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4034:
4030:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3997:9780203413289
3993:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3928:Coughlin, Con
3925:
3921:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3898:
3896:9788176486606
3892:
3888:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3842:
3837:
3836:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3783:Brown, Archie
3780:
3779:
3767:, p. 64.
3766:
3761:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3731:
3724:, p. 73.
3723:
3718:
3711:
3706:
3704:
3696:
3691:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3669:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3643:
3642:Klub bankirov
3636:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3610:
3603:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3571:
3564:
3559:
3552:
3547:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3499:
3490:
3483:
3478:
3476:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3441:
3433:
3428:
3421:
3416:
3409:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3383:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3360:
3354:, p. 58.
3353:
3348:
3332:
3323:
3321:
3305:
3301:
3293:
3286:
3281:
3274:
3269:
3262:
3257:
3255:
3247:
3242:
3240:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3215:
3210:
3203:
3198:
3191:
3186:
3180:, p. 65.
3179:
3174:
3168:
3163:
3156:
3151:
3144:
3139:
3132:
3127:
3120:
3115:
3113:
3105:
3100:
3093:
3088:
3081:
3076:
3069:
3064:
3057:
3056:Coughlin 2005
3052:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3018:
3017:
3009:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2976:
2970:, p. 33.
2969:
2964:
2958:, p. 73.
2957:
2952:
2945:
2940:
2933:
2932:van Dijk 2008
2928:
2926:
2918:
2913:
2906:
2901:
2894:
2889:
2883:, p. 86.
2882:
2877:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2849:
2844:
2837:
2832:
2825:
2820:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2793:
2785:
2783:0-7432-7564-0
2779:
2775:
2768:
2762:, p. 96.
2761:
2756:
2748:
2741:
2733:
2731:0-8014-1410-5
2727:
2723:
2716:
2708:
2707:
2699:
2697:
2690:, p. 95.
2689:
2684:
2678:, p. 48.
2677:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2601:
2597:
2596:Pravda Online
2593:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2546:
2544:
2536:
2531:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2504:, p. 15.
2503:
2498:
2490:
2483:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2453:5-235-02623-3
2449:
2445:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2400:
2393:
2388:
2386:
2377:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2333:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2305:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2268:
2267:Pravda Online
2264:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2193:by President
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2124:, the former
2123:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2100:, the author
2099:
2096:". Historian
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2078:Evan Mawdsley
2075:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2059:Yuri Andropov
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1959:Yuri Andropov
1956:
1955:state funeral
1952:
1948:
1939:
1935:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1905:Kiril Mazurov
1900:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1861:
1856:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1785:
1783:
1778:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1716:profit making
1713:
1709:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1603:Harold Wilson
1600:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1565:
1563:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1534:Edward Gierek
1531:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1496:Urho Kekkonen
1494:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1462:Walter Scheel
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:Prague Spring
1331:
1329:
1328:Kiril Mazurov
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1225:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1143:(the renamed
1142:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1119:
1117:
1116:Georgy Zhukov
1112:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
993:
989:
984:
980:
978:
974:
970:
960:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
928:
923:
919:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
885:co-operatives
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
841:
838:
837:Prague Spring
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
817:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
721:
707:
698:
695:
692:
688:
685:
682:
678:
675:
672:
668:
664:
660:
657:
654:
650:
647:
644:
640:
635:
631:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
607:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
585:
581:
578:
575:
571:
568:
565:
561:
557:
554:
552:Resting place
550:
547:
543:
539:
530:
526:
522:
517:
512:
508:
504:
499:
495:
485:
480:
474:
469:
463:
458:
455:
452:
449:
445:
441:
436:
430:
425:
419:
414:
411:
408:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
381:
378:
372:
369:
368:Ivan Khokhlov
366:
360:
357:
356:Joseph Stalin
354:
350:
344:
339:
336:
332:
328:
325:
322:
316:
313:
312:Joseph Kuzmin
310:
304:
301:
298:
294:
288:
283:
280:
275:
271:
267:
260:
256:
253:
250:
244:
241:
238:
232:
229:
226:
222:
216:
211:
208:
204:
201:
198:
192:
189:
186:
180:
177:
174:
170:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
145:
142:
136:
132:
129:
125:
121:
118:
114:
108:
103:
100:
95:
91:
84:
79:
70:
63:
58:
54:
51: and the
50:
46:
42:
37:
33:
19:
8079:
8062:
8016:
7945:Full members
7844:
7840:Ivan Kabanov
7672:Full members
7591:
7520:
7409:Full members
7252:
7231:Full members
7125:Arvīds Pelše
7079:
7068:Full members
6917:Arvīds Pelše
6896:
6870:Full members
6709:Arvīds Pelše
6688:
6652:Full members
6500:
6486:Boris Gostev
6470:
6360:
6343:
6321:
6296:Chernomyrdin
6294:
6285:Chernomyrdin
6277:
6270:
6246:
6175:
6168:
6117:Russian SFSR
5902:
5898:
5742:
5649:
5625:
5378:
5317:Shevardnadze
5302:Shcherbytsky
5236:
4878:
4855:
4832:
4809:
4786:
4758:
4735:
4712:
4689:Russian SFSR
4679:
4652:
4624:
4596:
4568:
4509:
4484:
4465:Hoover Press
4460:
4441:
4422:
4391:
4368:
4342:
4319:
4295:
4271:
4247:
4227:
4204:
4181:
4160:
4140:. New York:
4137:
4114:
4088:
4062:
4038:
4014:
3986:
3959:
3932:
3905:
3886:
3859:
3834:
3809:
3786:
3760:
3748:. Retrieved
3738:Staff writer
3717:
3695:Zemtsov 1989
3690:
3641:
3635:
3608:
3602:
3590:. Retrieved
3586:the original
3579:
3570:
3558:
3546:
3534:. Retrieved
3530:the original
3523:
3514:
3502:. Retrieved
3489:
3482:Zemtsov 1989
3462:. Retrieved
3458:the original
3451:
3432:Zemtsov 1989
3427:
3415:
3408:Zemtsov 1989
3386:. Retrieved
3384:(in Russian)
3381:
3371:
3359:
3347:
3337:20 September
3335:. Retrieved
3307:. Retrieved
3292:
3280:
3268:
3261:Chauhan 2004
3209:
3202:Rutland 1985
3197:
3190:Daniels 1993
3185:
3178:Daniels 2004
3173:
3162:
3150:
3138:
3126:
3099:
3092:Service 2009
3087:
3080:Service 2009
3075:
3068:Service 2009
3063:
3051:
3039:. Retrieved
3034:
3025:
3015:
3008:
2996:. Retrieved
2984:
2975:
2963:
2956:Robbins 2010
2951:
2944:Gibbons 1995
2939:
2912:
2905:Zemtsov 1989
2900:
2893:Zemtsov 1989
2888:
2881:Zemtsov 1989
2876:
2843:
2836:Service 2009
2831:
2819:
2810:
2804:
2792:
2773:
2767:
2755:
2746:
2740:
2721:
2715:
2704:
2683:
2635:. Retrieved
2632:www.rbth.com
2631:
2604:. Retrieved
2565:. Retrieved
2561:the original
2530:
2497:
2443:
2418:. Retrieved
2416:(in Russian)
2411:
2399:
2375:0582-01323-2
2365:
2359:
2321:
2312:
2296:. ABC-CLIO.
2293:
2283:
2271:. Retrieved
2236:
2218:
2151:
2114:
2101:
2098:Archie Brown
2086:Roy Medvedev
2081:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2028:
2010:Lee Kuan Yew
1980:
1972:
1943:
1901:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1865:
1828:
1825:associations
1824:
1814:
1791:
1779:
1771:
1759:
1753:
1736:
1705:
1678:
1655:
1615:
1599:Maoist China
1592:
1573:
1559:
1519:
1504:
1490:
1466:West Germany
1458:Willy Brandt
1435:
1429:at the 1967
1412:Second World
1389:
1361:
1332:
1301:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1270:Arvīds Pelše
1263:
1236:
1153:
1137:
1125:
1108:
1103:
1096:
1053:
1029:
1017:
1008:Russian SFSR
997:
985:
981:
977:World War II
966:
915:
907:Early career
901:Robert Eikhe
862:
847:
833:
814:
784:
764:World War II
745:
705:
704:
690:Battles/wars
646:Russian SFSR
546:Soviet Union
542:Russian SFSR
533:(1980-12-18)
483:
472:
461:
428:
417:
375:Succeeded by
342:
335:Russian SFSR
319:Succeeded by
286:
247:Succeeded by
214:
195:Succeeded by
106:
56:
49:Nikolayevich
48:
36:
8097:1980 deaths
8092:1904 births
7939:(1939–1952)
7870:Pavel Yudin
7666:(1952–1956)
7496:Frol Kozlov
7403:(1956–1959)
7248:Frol Kozlov
7225:(1961–1966)
7062:(1966–1971)
6864:(1971–1976)
6646:(1976–1981)
6523:(1946–1992)
6461:Vlas Chubar
6227:Solomentsev
6012:von Reutern
5982:Chernyshyov
5972:Vasilchikov
5967:Novosiltsev
5946:Vyazmitinov
5811:(1989–1990)
5805:(1988–1990)
5799:(1985–1989)
5797:Murakhovsky
5793:(1985–1988)
5787:(1983–1985)
5781:(1982–1987)
5775:(1980–1986)
5769:(1976–1980)
5763:(1965–1973)
5757:(1965–1978)
5751:(1963–1965)
5745:(1960–1964)
5739:(1958–1960)
5733:(1957–1958)
5727:(1955–1957)
5721:(1955–1957)
5715:(1955–1964)
5709:(1953–1957)
5697:(1950–1955)
5691:(1942–1957)
5685:(1941–1946)
5683:Voznesensky
5679:(1934–1935)
5654:(Aug. 1991)
5640:(1985–1991)
5634:(1980–1985)
5628:(1964–1980)
5622:(1958–1964)
5616:(1955–1958)
5610:(1953–1955)
5604:(1941–1953)
5598:(1930–1941)
5592:(1924–1930)
5586:(1923–1924)
5405:Governments
5327:Solomentsev
5267:Mzhavanadze
4966:Six-Day War
4591:Frol Kozlov
4347:I.B. Tauris
4209:I.B. Tauris
4067:Verso Books
4044:M.E. Sharpe
3791:Bodley Head
3722:Ellman 1989
3551:Saikal 2006
3504:4 September
3420:Wesson 1978
3388:29 December
3309:4 September
3273:Wesson 1978
3231:Wesson 1978
3131:Colman 2004
3041:18 December
2998:18 December
2917:Wesson 1978
2637:18 December
2606:4 September
2567:5 September
2535:Safire 1988
2478:|work=
2420:4 September
2273:4 September
2183:state visit
2181:. During a
2136:, the last
2094:Voznesensky
2035:1965 reform
1969:Personality
1840:1979 reform
1830:perestroika
1728:bureaucracy
1724:centralized
1634:Afghanistan
1542:First World
1522:János Kádár
1438:Six-Day War
1408:First World
1352:Vietnam War
1320:First World
1186:Premiership
1176:Frol Kozlov
1156:North Korea
1133:Michel Tatu
986:During the
933:Great Purge
925: [
889:Novosibirsk
869:labour army
811:Triumvirate
589:(1927–1980)
573:Nationality
563:Citizenship
363:Preceded by
307:Preceded by
240:Frol Kozlov
235:Preceded by
183:Preceded by
53:family name
8086:Categories
6323:Khristenko
6232:Vorotnikov
6197:Chernousov
6159:Vakhrushev
5940:Rumyantsev
5907:small type
5824:Doguzhiyev
5707:Kaganovich
5651:Doguzhiyev
5620:Khrushchev
5352:Vorotnikov
4884:1939–1980
4838:1948–1952
4815:1952–1953
4792:1960–1980
4764:1948–1953
4741:1948–1953
4718:1953–1954
4693:1943–1946
4631:1959–1960
4603:1960–1964
4575:1964–1980
4207:. London:
4169:B003RXSA90
4006:1033575049
3919:0719070104
3789:. London:
3644:. Moskva.
3592:21 January
3536:21 January
3464:21 January
3214:Ploss 2010
3155:Brown 2009
3143:Brown 2009
3119:Zubok 2007
2848:Brown 2009
2446:. Moskva.
2352:Brown 2009
2228:References
2037:, as with
1720:incentives
1354:, and the
1196:See also:
865:Revolution
844:Early life
642:Allegiance
612:Profession
45:patronymic
6356:Mishustin
6307:Stepashin
6290:Kiriyenko
6217:Polyansky
6065:Goremykin
6060:Kokovtsov
6050:Goremykin
5934:Vorontsov
5803:Maslyukov
5761:Polyansky
5719:Pervukhin
5677:Kuybyshev
5524:11th plan
5519:10th plan
5287:Ponomarev
5282:Polyansky
5247:Kuznetsov
5222:Kirilenko
5202:Gorbachev
5182:Chernenko
5177:Chebrikov
4515:UNC Press
4408:cite book
3872:cite book
3668:cite book
3660:892340203
3627:836400972
3246:Moss 2005
2993:0362-4331
2824:Tatu 1969
2797:Tatu 1969
2480:ignored (
2470:cite book
2320:(2009) .
2203:Leningrad
2006:Singapore
1630:Stalinist
1605:, former
1296:Kommunist
1278:Stalinist
1259:Presidium
1164:Argentina
1145:Politburo
1020:Politburo
873:Bolshevik
780:Politburo
674:Conscript
665:1919–1921
602:Residence
484:In office
473:In office
462:In office
454:Politburo
429:In office
418:In office
410:Politburo
343:In office
287:In office
215:In office
116:President
107:In office
6362:Belousov
6351:Medvedev
6317:Kasyanov
6302:Primakov
6192:Rodionov
6170:Pamfilov
6164:Khokhlov
6154:Bulganin
6107:Kerensky
6080:Golitsyn
6055:Stolypin
6002:Ignatyev
5977:Levashov
5962:Kochubey
5957:Lopukhin
5952:Saltykov
5818:Velichko
5773:Arkhipov
5767:Tikhonov
5695:Bulganin
5632:Tikhonov
5614:Bulganin
5608:Malenkov
5577:Premiers
5514:9th plan
5509:8th plan
5384:Podgorny
5374:Brezhnev
5337:Tikhonov
5322:Shvernik
5307:Shelepin
5292:Rashidov
5277:Podgorny
5252:Masherov
5227:Kiselyov
5187:Demichev
5172:Brezhnev
5167:Andropov
4681:Chairman
4570:Chairman
4367:(2009).
4180:(2000).
4113:(1995).
4087:(1989).
3984:(2004).
3958:(1993).
3930:(2005).
3785:(2009).
3750:18 April
3382:Newsland
2869:Law 1975
2600:Archived
2523:Law 1975
2462:53462401
2392:Law 1975
2241:Law 1975
2177:and one
2138:Chairman
1888:Chairman
1668:and the
1580:Pakistan
1567:—
1500:Cold War
1366:and the
1255:Chairman
1000:Chairman
881:Red Army
858:baptized
825:Chairman
733:Cold War
684:Red Army
680:Commands
656:Red Army
558:, Moscow
446:, &
402:, &
6329:Fradkov
6272:Yeltsin
6242:Silayev
6222:Voronov
6202:Puzanov
6176:Kosygin
6149:Sulimov
6144:Syrtsov
6070:Stürmer
6022:Durnovo
6007:Valuyev
5997:Gagarin
5903:italics
5809:Voronin
5791:Talyzin
5785:Gromyko
5755:Mazurov
5749:Ustinov
5743:Kosygin
5725:Saburov
5713:Mikoyan
5689:Molotov
5658:Silayev
5638:Ryzhkov
5626:Kosygin
5596:Molotov
5459:Reforms
5379:Kosygin
5361:Leaders
5347:Voronov
5342:Ustinov
5312:Shelest
5297:Romanov
5262:Mikoyan
5257:Mazurov
5242:Kulakov
5237:Kosygin
5217:Gromyko
5212:Grishin
5207:Grechko
5197:Efremov
5192:Dolgikh
5001:Détente
4687:of the
4683:of the
4400:1606812
3775:Sources
2444:Kosygin
2148:Honours
2128:of the
1911:of the
1890:of the
1862:in 1974
1768:Results
1611:Vietnam
1562:Parcham
1493:Finland
1257:of the
1149:Gosplan
1002:of the
963:Wartime
955:of the
893:Siberia
871:on the
850:Russian
827:of the
756:Siberia
577:Russian
352:Premier
331:Premier
296:Premier
224:Premier
57:Kosygin
18:Kosygin
6345:Zubkov
6334:Zubkov
6279:Gaidar
6237:Vlasov
6212:Kozlov
6207:Yasnov
6075:Trepov
5992:Bludov
5779:Aliyev
5737:Kozlov
5731:Kuzmin
5644:Pavlov
5602:Stalin
5370:Troika
5332:Suslov
5232:Kunaev
5162:Aliyev
4521:
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2197:. The
2164:and a
2020:Legacy
1907:, the
1726:state
1346:, the
1290:Pravda
1280:wing.
1212:, and
1210:Fourth
1202:Second
1070:and a
1038:, and
823:, the
816:Troika
729:Soviet
620:Awards
594:Spouse
567:Soviet
538:Moscow
172:Leader
134:Deputy
43:, the
6339:Putin
6312:Putin
6248:Lobov
6139:Rykov
6134:Lenin
6045:Witte
6027:Witte
6017:Bunge
5987:Orlov
5899:Note:
5701:Beria
5590:Rykov
5584:Lenin
5272:Pelše
4861:1948
4658:1948
1929:Death
1576:India
1206:Third
1168:Italy
1160:India
929:]
6102:Lvov
5491:1984
5481:1979
5476:1973
5471:1965
5466:OGAS
5368:The
5153:26th
5148:25th
5143:24th
5138:23rd
5133:22nd
5089:RYAN
4519:ISBN
4494:ISBN
4469:ISBN
4446:ISBN
4427:ISBN
4414:link
4396:OCLC
4377:ISBN
4351:ISBN
4328:ISBN
4305:ISBN
4280:ISBN
4257:ISBN
4232:ISBN
4213:ISBN
4190:ISBN
4165:ASIN
4146:ISBN
4123:ISBN
4097:ISBN
4071:ISBN
4048:ISBN
4023:ISBN
4002:OCLC
3992:ISBN
3968:ISBN
3964:UPNE
3942:ISBN
3914:ISBN
3891:ISBN
3878:link
3845:ISBN
3818:ISBN
3795:ISBN
3752:2011
3682:link
3678:link
3674:link
3656:OCLC
3646:ISBN
3623:OCLC
3613:ISBN
3594:2011
3581:Time
3538:2011
3525:Time
3506:2010
3466:2011
3453:Time
3390:2010
3339:2010
3311:2010
3043:2019
3000:2019
2989:ISSN
2778:ISBN
2726:ISBN
2706:Life
2639:2019
2608:2010
2569:2010
2489:link
2482:help
2458:OCLC
2448:ISBN
2422:2010
2370:ISBN
2326:ISBN
2298:ISBN
2275:2010
2187:Peru
2088:and
2043:thaw
2000:, a
1809:and
1679:The
1656:The
1628:for
1624:and
1593:The
1578:and
1507:Iraq
1460:and
1436:The
1334:the
1293:and
1249:and
1178:and
1166:and
1111:NKVD
1089:The
1058:and
725:O.S.
716:IPA:
670:Rank
528:Died
511:O.S.
506:Born
451:CPSU
448:20th
444:19th
440:18th
407:CPSU
404:25th
400:24th
396:23rd
392:22nd
388:18th
97:8th
5443:2nd
5433:5th
5428:4th
5423:3rd
5418:2nd
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