1354:
1368:
32:
1699:
89:
375:(which was the middle of the earth) on the right side of the river "Veh-Dāit" ... In the sixth "Gāh" Gayōmart was created from mud ... on the left side of "Veh-Dāit", to help Uhrmazd and he was created in the form of a 15-year-old boy. They lived for 3000 years in peace, neither eating, speaking nor praying, although Gayōmart was inwardly considering these things. At the end of this 3000-year period (during which
1361:
432:, begins with the story of Keyumars. He was the first king to arise among humans, who at that time lived in mountain caves and wore the skins of leopards. Keyumars was also the first human to introduce royal practices and the preparation of food and was also the first practitioner of law and justice. He was so powerful that all humans, tame animals, and wild animals paid homage to him. God (
405:
reliefs); and
Ahriman left "Astovidat" (a Dīv) to guard Gayōmart, but could not kill him because his time had not yet come he lived for 30 years afterwards and, when, finally, he died, fell upon his left side and shed his semen upon the ground, which was then fertilized by the sun and after 40
395:, the Iranian New Year) Ahriman leaped forth onto the earth in the form of a dragon. He started to create death, illness, lust, thirst, hunger among all living things and disseminated throughout the world the
401:(the class of evil creeping things which includes reptiles, insects and rodents) In the catastrophe Gavevagdāt died (this being also the symbol of the old year giving way to the new, as depicted in
332:
of the Avesta, which is divided into 21 sections. Apparently, this section dealt with how the world and mankind were created, including the creation of Gayōmart. References are also made to the
1353:
491:) was grown by this time and led the army that defeated Ahriman's son, who was bound and beheaded. Keyumars died after a thirty-year reign, leaving his throne to Hushang.
640:
474:) warned Keyumars, Siāmak led an army of his own. Siāmak accepted a challenge to single combat and died at the hands of the demon.
707:, an exhibition catalog from the Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Keyumars
702:
550:
764:
1743:
1657:
583:
75:
53:
46:
1728:
915:
1753:
1748:
1511:
340:: "For 30 centuries I kept the world from corruption and decay, when the 30th century came to an end the
1432:
1123:
687:
368:
1733:
1662:
1581:
20:
40:
1738:
757:
1564:
1488:
57:
466:, who raised an army under the command of his own demonic son. When the angel Sorush (Avestan
363:
created. Before Gayōmart came, in the fifth "Gāh" (Ahura Mazda created the world in six Gāhs)
1629:
1723:
1589:
1573:
1033:
988:
933:
885:
847:
1103:
968:
8:
1113:
993:
407:
296:
180:
344:
assaulted Gayōmart ... But I finally repelled them and plunged them into the darkness".
1702:
1673:
1556:
1367:
1288:
1263:
1258:
1189:
1088:
1078:
1068:
978:
794:
750:
681:
676:. Translated by Warner, Arthur; Warner, Edmond. 9 vols. London: Keegan Paul. 1905–1925.
634:
387:(the demonic whore) cried out, awakening him ... whereupon Ahriman and his minions the
336:
section, which also included information about Gayōmart which Ahura Mazda had given to
130:
1684:
1679:
1652:
1597:
1048:
579:
546:
1605:
1448:
1321:
958:
857:
649:
594:
118:
1647:
1637:
1331:
1063:
963:
653:
598:
388:
372:
352:
305:
appear as the male and female first humans; their names are versions of the word
1498:
1493:
1336:
1326:
895:
348:
277:
184:
164:
1717:
1667:
1215:
923:
280:
1018:
1642:
1166:
380:
376:
97:
870:
865:
1399:
1394:
1278:
880:
875:
433:
423:
364:
360:
292:
261:
1184:
1141:
1038:
742:
1458:
1171:
890:
500:
402:
391:
fought with the light and, on the first day of spring (i.e. the 1st of
265:
1136:
88:
1478:
1407:
1386:
1298:
1023:
943:
900:
832:
774:
722:
443:
428:
392:
337:
256:
Keyumars is also a popular first name in
Persian speaking countries (
206:
139:
1503:
1427:
1293:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1176:
1146:
1028:
983:
822:
812:
779:
397:
322:
201:
1483:
1422:
1412:
1316:
1238:
1233:
1161:
1156:
1131:
1098:
1058:
1053:
905:
817:
807:
734:
482:
478:
469:
463:
316:
147:
948:
1624:
1463:
1417:
1360:
1283:
1268:
1210:
1151:
1108:
1093:
1073:
1013:
1008:
928:
837:
449:
288:
176:
1003:
998:
359:
Gayōmart Gar-shāh (King of the
Mountains) was the first human
1473:
1468:
1453:
1273:
1225:
1083:
1043:
973:
953:
938:
459:
341:
284:
1199:
842:
827:
384:
283:, Gayōmart, who was neither male nor female, was the first
257:
211:
134:
126:
96:
depicting
Keyumars as he instructs his officers to combat
436:) granted Keyumars the supernatural radiance called the
347:
A concise summary of the story of Gayōmart according to
704:
A King's Book of Kings: the Shah-nameh of Shah
Tahmasp
481:
advised him to fight
Ahriman once more. Siāmak's son
327:
194:
188:
540:
229:The Avestan form means "the living mortal", from
1715:
226:), the first to practice justice, the lawgiver.
518:
758:
563:Nām-e kasān va jāyhā dar Shāhnāme-ye Ferdowsī
486:
467:
453:
441:
306:
248:
242:
236:
230:
221:
215:
158:
151:
271:
545:. Translated by Davis, Dick. Viking Adult.
765:
751:
639:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
772:
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
183:in the world. The corresponding name in
87:
39:This article includes a list of general
1716:
592:
560:
557:Modern English translation (abridged).
477:Keyumars mourned for a year, and then
746:
647:
291:, he was the first person to worship
692:(complete English verse translation)
658:Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition
617:
603:Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition
543:Shahnameh: The Persian Book of Kings
524:
214:of the world. He is also called the
189:
25:
454:
414:
249:
241:'mortal, human being'; cf. Persian
222:
122:
13:
1366:
1359:
1352:
578:]. Nyköping, Sweden: Behrang.
566:نام كسان و جايها در شاهنامه فردوسى
383:incantation and could do nothing)
320:, a reference is made to the lost
125:) was the name of the first king (
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1765:
696:
660:. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation
605:. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation
1698:
1697:
1527:Gonbadan Castle (Dez-i Gonbadan)
571:Personalities and places in the
458:) was beloved of all except the
448:), reserved for kings. His son
30:
1:
1536:Bahman Castle (Dezh-i Bahman)
506:
367:(the primordial ox) had been
101:
1539:Alanan Castle (Dezh-i Alanan
511:
328:
195:
7:
629:] (in Persian). Tehran.
541:Abolqasem Ferdowsi (2006).
494:
487:
468:
442:
307:
243:
237:
231:
216:
159:
10:
1770:
1533:Sepid Castle (Dezh-i Sepid
1530:Roein Castle (Dez-i Roein)
618:Safa, Zabihollah (2000) .
534:
410:as two rhubarb plants ..."
314:In the eighth book of the
18:
1744:Mythological first humans
1693:
1617:
1549:
1520:
1441:
1377:
1350:
1307:
1224:
1198:
1122:
914:
856:
793:
786:
731:
719:
713:
379:lay stunned by Uhrmazd's
272:In Zoroastrian literature
154:𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬊 𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀𐬥
152:
21:Kayumars (disambiguation)
16:Mythological Iranian king
674:The Shahnama of Firdausi
622:
565:
561:Aghaee, Shirzad (1993).
422:Ferdowsi's 11th-century
210:he appears as the first
721:Legendary Kings of the
648:Shaki, Mansour (2000).
287:, or, according to the
179:he is the mythological
60:more precise citations.
1663:Rostam's Seven Labours
1542:Gang Castle (Gang-Dez)
1371:
1364:
1357:
686:: CS1 maint: others (
620:Ḥamāse-sarāyī dar Īrān
595:"Gayōmard (Article 2)"
593:Cereti, Carlo (2015).
412:
107:
1729:Legendary progenitors
1658:Rostam and Esfandiyar
1370:
1363:
1356:
357:
91:
1114:Eskandar (Alexander)
623:حماسهسرایی در ایران
295:. The Avestan forms
146:The name appears in
19:For other uses, see
627:Epic poetry in Iran
408:Mashya and Mashyana
1754:Pishdadian dynasty
1749:Mythological kings
1674:Khosrow and Shirin
1512:Other locations...
1372:
1365:
1358:
351:texts is given by
131:Pishdadian dynasty
108:
92:Manuscript of the
1711:
1710:
1685:Persian mythology
1680:Bijan and Manijeh
1653:Rostam and Sohrab
1348:
1347:
1124:Female characters
1104:Rostam Farrokhzād
1049:Zangay-i Shavaran
741:
740:
732:Succeeded by
552:978-0-670-03485-7
406:years there grew
276:According to the
181:first human being
163:, or in medieval
137:according to the
86:
85:
78:
1761:
1734:Medieval legends
1701:
1700:
1322:House of Goudarz
791:
790:
767:
760:
753:
744:
743:
714:Preceded by
711:
710:
691:
685:
677:
669:
667:
665:
654:Yarshater, Ehsan
644:
638:
630:
614:
612:
610:
599:Yarshater, Ehsan
589:
556:
528:
522:
490:
473:
457:
456:
447:
369:created from mud
331:
310:
252:
251:
246:
240:
234:
225:
224:
219:
198:
192:
191:
162:
157:
156:
155:
124:
106:
103:
81:
74:
70:
67:
61:
56:this article by
47:inline citations
34:
33:
26:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1689:
1648:Zal and Rudabeh
1638:Derafsh Kaviani
1613:
1585:of Shah Tahmasp
1545:
1516:
1437:
1379:
1373:
1344:
1332:House of Nowzar
1309:
1303:
1220:
1194:
1118:
916:Male characters
910:
852:
782:
771:
737:
726:
717:
699:
679:
678:
672:
663:
661:
632:
631:
624:
608:
606:
586:
567:
553:
537:
532:
531:
523:
519:
514:
509:
497:
420:
353:Zabihollah Safa
274:
153:
150:in the form of
104:
82:
71:
65:
62:
52:Please help to
51:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1767:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1739:Zoroastrianism
1736:
1731:
1726:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1603:
1595:
1587:
1579:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1499:Mount Damavand
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1433:White Elephant
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1337:House of Sasan
1334:
1329:
1327:House of Viseh
1324:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
920:
918:
912:
911:
909:
908:
903:
898:
896:Humay Chehrzad
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
862:
860:
854:
853:
851:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
799:
797:
788:
784:
783:
770:
769:
762:
755:
747:
739:
738:
733:
730:
718:
715:
709:
708:
698:
697:External links
695:
694:
693:
670:
645:
615:
590:
584:
558:
551:
536:
533:
530:
529:
516:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
503:
496:
493:
419:
413:
349:Middle Persian
273:
270:
185:Middle Persian
105: 1655 CE
84:
83:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1766:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1704:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1668:Davazdah Rokh
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1565:Great Mongol
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:Koulad-Ghandi
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:Kharvazan Div
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1216:Mehrab Kaboli
1214:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
919:
917:
913:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
861:
859:
855:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
800:
798:
796:
792:
789:
785:
781:
777:
776:
768:
763:
761:
756:
754:
749:
748:
745:
736:
729:
725:
724:
712:
706:
705:
701:
700:
689:
683:
675:
671:
659:
655:
651:
646:
642:
636:
628:
621:
616:
604:
600:
596:
591:
587:
585:91-630-1959-0
581:
577:
574:
570:
564:
559:
554:
548:
544:
539:
538:
526:
521:
517:
502:
499:
498:
492:
489:
484:
480:
475:
472:
471:
465:
461:
451:
446:
445:
439:
435:
431:
430:
425:
418:
411:
409:
404:
400:
399:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
356:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
325:
324:
319:
318:
312:
309:
304:
303:
299:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:creation myth
279:
269:
267:
263:
259:
254:
245:
239:
233:
227:
218:
213:
209:
208:
203:
199:
197:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
161:
160:Gaiio Mərətan
149:
144:
142:
141:
136:
132:
128:
120:
116:
112:
99:
95:
90:
80:
77:
69:
59:
55:
49:
48:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
1672:
1643:Babr-e Bayan
1631:
1630:Abu-Mansuri
1607:
1599:
1590:
1582:
1575:
1570:(or Demotte)
1566:
1558:
1341:House of Sām
1167:Banu Goshasp
802:
773:
727:
720:
703:
673:
662:. Retrieved
657:
626:
619:
607:. Retrieved
602:
576:
572:
569:
562:
542:
520:
476:
437:
427:
421:
416:
396:
358:
346:
334:Varshtmānsar
333:
321:
315:
313:
301:
297:
275:
255:
228:
205:
193:
172:
168:
145:
138:
114:
110:
109:
93:
72:
63:
44:
1724:Pishdadians
1574:Baysonghor
1550:Manuscripts
1400:Div-e Sepid
1395:Arzhang Div
1380:and animals
881:Kay Lohrasp
876:Kay Khosrow
575:of Ferdowsi
434:Ahura Mazda
293:Ahura Mazda
278:Zoroastrian
262:Afghanistan
235:'life' and
165:Zoroastrian
58:introducing
1718:Categories
1593:of Rashida
1521:Structures
1494:Alborzkouh
1489:Mazandaran
1459:Zabulistan
1378:Creatures
1317:Kashvadian
1172:Gordafarid
1019:Esfandiyār
891:Kay Bahman
795:Pishdadian
787:Characters
650:"Gayōmart"
507:References
501:Cosmic Man
403:Persepolis
365:Gavevagdāt
311:'mortal'.
266:Tajikistan
190:𐭪𐭣𐭬𐭫𐭲
66:April 2024
41:references
1632:Shahnameh
1608:Shahnameh
1600:Shahnameh
1591:Shahnameh
1583:Shahnameh
1576:Shahnameh
1567:Shahnameh
1559:Shahnameh
1557:Florence
1508:Kasa-Roud
1479:Ctesiphon
1408:Huma bird
1387:Akvan Div
1308:Clans and
1299:Biderafsh
944:Kayanoush
901:Kay Darab
871:Kay Kāvus
866:Kay Kawād
833:Manuchehr
775:Shahnameh
723:Shāhnāmeh
682:cite book
635:cite book
573:Shahnameh
525:Safa 2000
512:Citations
488:Haošyaŋha
485:(Avestan
440:(Avestan
429:Shahnameh
424:epic poem
417:Shahnameh
393:Farvardin
373:Erān-vēdj
338:Zoroaster
326:section (
247:'human' (
207:Shahnameh
175:. In the
167:texts as
140:Shahnameh
129:) of the
94:Shahnameh
1703:Category
1598:Windsor
1504:Tammisha
1428:Shabrang
1310:families
1294:Nastihan
1254:Afrasiab
1249:Garsivaz
1244:Aghrirat
1226:Turanian
1185:Katāyoun
1181:Manizheh
1177:Farangis
1147:Sindukht
1142:Shahrnāz
1039:Siyâvash
1034:Fariborz
1029:Faramarz
1024:Pashotan
989:Gershasp
984:Gostaham
934:Shahrasp
886:Goshtasb
858:Kayanian
848:Garshasp
823:Fereydun
813:Tahmuras
803:Keyumars
780:Ferdowsi
664:13 April
609:13 April
495:See also
444:xvarənah
381:Ahunawar
323:Chihrdad
302:Mashyana
202:Ferdowsi
196:Kayōmart
173:Gayōmart
169:Gayōmard
111:Keyumars
1618:Related
1606:Davari
1484:Estakhr
1423:Shabdiz
1413:Simurgh
1239:Pashang
1234:Zadashm
1162:Tahmina
1157:Sudabeh
1137:Arnavāz
1132:Faranak
1099:Shaghad
1059:Goudarz
1054:Kashvad
994:Nariman
906:Dara II
818:Jamshid
808:Hushang
735:Hushang
656:(ed.).
601:(ed.).
535:Sources
483:Hushang
464:Ahriman
415:In the
377:Ahriman
361:Uhrmazd
317:Denkard
308:marətan
238:marətan
148:Avestan
119:Persian
115:Kiomars
98:Ahriman
54:improve
1625:Daqiqi
1464:Sistan
1442:Places
1418:Rakhsh
1289:Barman
1284:Houman
1269:Arjasp
1264:Shideh
1259:Tageuo
1211:Zahhak
1207:Mardas
1200:Tazian
1190:Azadeh
1152:Rudaba
1109:Barbad
1094:Zavara
1089:Gorgin
1079:Bahram
1074:Rohham
1069:Bizhan
1014:Sohrab
1009:Rostam
929:Siamak
924:Jamasp
838:Nowzar
582:
549:
479:Sorush
470:Sraoša
450:Siāmak
426:, the
298:Mashya
289:Avesta
223:پيشداد
217:pišdād
177:Avesta
123:کیومرث
43:, but
1474:Balkh
1469:Kabul
1454:Turan
1279:Piran
1274:Viseh
1084:Hojir
1044:Farud
974:Qaren
969:Qobád
954:Arash
939:Abtin
652:. In
625:[
597:. In
568:[
460:Devil
455:سیامک
285:human
200:. In
1449:Iran
979:Tous
959:Salm
949:Kāve
843:Zaav
828:Iraj
728:0–30
716:none
688:link
666:2024
641:link
611:2024
580:ISBN
547:ISBN
438:farr
398:Kyrm
389:Dīvs
342:Dīvs
329:nask
300:and
264:and
258:Iran
250:مَرد
244:mard
232:gaya
212:shah
135:Iran
127:shah
1064:Giv
1004:Zāl
999:Sām
964:Tur
778:of
385:Jēh
371:in
268:).
253:).
204:'s
187:is
171:or
133:of
113:or
1720::
684:}}
680:{{
637:}}
633:{{
462:,
355::
260:,
143:.
121::
102:c.
100:.
766:e
759:t
752:v
690:)
668:.
643:)
613:.
588:.
555:.
527:.
452:(
220:(
117:(
79:)
73:(
68:)
64:(
50:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
