Kabbalah - Knowledge

4484: 9115:"I approached Rav A with some of the questions on the Zohar, and he responded to me—'and what about nikud? Nikud is also mentioned in the Zohar despite the fact that it from Geonic times!' he said. I later found this comment in the Mitpachas Seforim. I would just add that not only is nikud mentioned, but only the Tiberian Nikkud—the norm in Europe of the middle ages—is mentioned and not the Yerushalmi nikud or the Babylonian one — which was used then in the Middle East, and is still used by Yemenites today. Also the Taamay Hamikrah – the trop – are referred to in the Zohar—only by their Sefardi Names. Rav A told me a remarkable piece of testimony: 'My rebbe (this is how he generally refers to Rav E ) accepted the possibility that the Zohar was written sometime in the 13th century. 2607: 8425:

derives it from the realm of holiness.... Therefore it is completely nullified in the presence of holiness, as darkness is nullified before physical light, except that in regard to the holiness of the divine soul in man, the Holy One blessed be He, has given the animal soul permission and ability to raise itself in order that man should be challenged to overcome it and to humble it by his abhorring in himself that which is despicable. And "Through the impulse from below comes an impulse from Above", fulfilling "Thence will I bring thee down, saith the Lord", depriving it of its dominion and power and withdrawing from it the strength and authority which had been given it to rise up against the light of the holiness of the divine soul"

4609:, the transmigration of the soul after death, was introduced into Judaism as a central esoteric tenet of Kabbalah from the Medieval period onwards, called Gilgul neshamot ("cycles of the soul"). The concept does not appear overtly in the Hebrew Bible or classic rabbinic literature, and was rejected by various Medieval Jewish philosophers. However, the Kabbalists explained a number of scriptural passages in reference to Gilgulim. The concept became central to the later Kabbalah of Isaac Luria, who systemised it as the personal parallel to the cosmic process of rectification. Through Lurianic Kabbalah and Hasidic Judaism, reincarnation entered popular Jewish culture as a literary motif. 4498:, the harmony of Creation within man. In Judaism, it gave a profound spiritualisation of Jewish practice. While the kabbalistic scheme gave a radically innovative, though conceptually continuous, development of mainstream Midrashic and Talmudic rabbinic notions, kabbalistic thought underscored and invigorated conservative Jewish observance. The esoteric teachings of kabbalah gave the traditional mitzvot observances the central role in spiritual creation, whether the practitioner was learned in this knowledge or not. Accompanying normative Jewish observance and worship with elite mystical kavanot intentions gave them 2787:, 'receiver'). The definition of Kabbalah varies according to the tradition and aims of those following it. According to its earliest and original usage in ancient Hebrew it means 'reception' or 'tradition', and in this context it tends to refer to any sacred writing composed after (or otherwise outside of) the five books of the Torah. After the Talmud is written, it refers to the Oral Law (both in the sense of the 'Talmud' itself and in the sense of continuing dialog and thought devoted to the scripture in every generation). In the much later writings of Eleazar of Worms (c. 1350), it refers to 4624: 4704: 2234: 58: 8515: 6454:(1720–1797) held the Zohar and Luria in deep reverence, critically emending classic Judaic texts from historically accumulated errors by his acute acumen and scholarly belief in the perfect unity of Kabbalah revelation and Rabbinic Judaism. Though a Lurianic Kabbalist, his commentaries sometimes chose Zoharic interpretation over Luria when he felt the matter lent itself to a more exoteric view. Although proficient in mathematics and sciences and recommending their necessity for understanding 6968:, website and books by Sanford L. Drob, is a scholarly intellectual investigation of the Lurianic symbolism in the perspective of modern and postmodern intellectual thought. It seeks a "new kabbalah" rooted in the historical tradition through its academic study, but universalised through dialogue with modern philosophy and psychology. This approach seeks to enrich the secular disciplines, while uncovering intellectual insights formerly implicit in kabbalah's essential myth: 2627: 4400:("loving-kindness"), restricting the unlimited divine bounty within suitable vessels, so forming the Worlds. However, if man sins (actualising impure judgement within his soul), the supernal Judgement is reciprocally empowered over the Kindness, introducing disharmony among the Sephirot in the divine realm and exile from God throughout Creation. The demonic realm, though illusory in its holy origin, becomes the real apparent realm of impurity in lower Creation. In the 12087: 13134: 1161: 6209: 3855: 1155: 9703: 3781: 2996: 4528: 7022: 12101: 2170: 6186: 6682:, rabbinical schools, and synagogues that featured a rationalist approach to Judaism based on the Talmud and works of Saadia Gaon and Maimonides (Rambam). In recent years, rationalists holding similar views as those of the Dor De'ah movement have described themselves as "talmide ha-Rambam" (disciples of Maimonides) rather than as being aligned with Dor De'ah, and are more theologically aligned with the rationalism of 6924:

and modern thought. Some of these interpretations emphasize universalist and philosophical approaches, seeking to enrich secular disciplines through the lens of Kabbalistic insights. Others have gained attention for their unique blends of spirituality and popular culture, attracting followers from diverse backgrounds. These modern expressions of Kabbalah showcase its enduring appeal and relevance in today's world.

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of measure, He made colours to provide light. Within the spark, in the innermost part, emerged a source, from which the colours are painted below; it is sealed among the sealed things of the mystery of Ayn Sof. It penetrated, yet did not penetrate its air. It was not known at all until, from the pressure of its penetration, a single point shone, sealed, supernal. Beyond this point nothing is known, so it is called

3068: 4048: 6709: 1167: 6500: 4117: 7308: 6915:. Where the first academic historians of Judaism in the 19th century opposed and marginalised kabbalah, Gershom Scholem and his successors repositioned the historiography of Jewish mysticism as a central, vital component of Judaic renewal through history. Cross-disciplinary academic revisions of Scholem's and others' theories are regularly published for wide readership. 4389:(the "shells/husks") that cover and conceal the holy, are nurtured from it, and yet also protect it by limiting its revelation. Scholem termed this element of the Spanish Kabbalah a "Jewish gnostic" motif, in the sense of dual powers in the divine realm of manifestation. In a radical notion, the root of evil is found within the 10 holy Sephirot, through an imbalance of 4156:), meaning to trust that God always supports compassionate actions even when God seems hidden. Ultimately, it is necessary to show compassion toward oneself too in order to share compassion toward others. This "selfish" enjoyment of God's blessings but only in order to empower oneself to assist others is an important aspect of "Restriction", and is considered a kind of 6177:

He argues that, while it is accurate to say that many Jews do and would find this distinction offensive, it is inaccurate to say that the idea has been totally rejected in all circles. As Wolfson has argued, it is an ethical demand on the part of scholars to continue to be vigilant with regard to this matter and in this way the tradition can be refined from within.

5220: 6101:(born 1878), believed that spiritually elevated Gentiles have essentially Jewish souls, "who just lack the formal conversion to Judaism", and that unspiritual Jews are "Jewish merely by their birth documents". The great 20th-century Kabbalist Yehuda Ashlag viewed the terms "Jews" and "Gentile" as different levels of perception, available to every human soul. 6157:, who explicitly praised Christianity, Islam, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism, as well as a whole range of ancient pagan mystical systems. He believed that Kabbalah can reconcile the differences between the world's religions, which represent different facets and stages of the universal human spirituality. In his writings, Benamozegh interprets the 4659:(Shattering) of the sephirot vessels. The shards of the broken vessels fell down into the lower realms, animated by remnants of their divine light, causing primordial exile within the Divine Persona before the creation of man. Exile and enclothement of higher divinity within lower realms throughout existence requires man to complete the 2811:

requirements native to sacred truth. When the term Kabbalah is used to refer to a canon of secret mystical books by medieval Jews, these aforementioned books and other works in their constellation are the books and the literary sensibility to which the term refers. Even later the word is adapted or appropriated in

4644:(Constriction/Concentration) is the primordial cosmic act whereby God "contracted" His infinite light, leaving a "void" into which the light of existence was poured. This allowed the emergence of independent existence that would not become nullified by the pristine Infinite Light, reconciling the unity of the 3716:, and sages, eventually to be "interwoven" into Jewish religious writings and culture. According to this view, early kabbalah was, in around the 10th century BCE, an open knowledge practiced by over a million people in ancient Israel. Foreign conquests drove the Jewish spiritual leadership of the time (the 7207:

should not negate any conception based on rectitude and awe of Heaven of any form—only the aspect of such an approach that desires to negate the mysteries and their great influence on the spirit of the nation. This is a tragedy that we must combat with counsel and understanding, with holiness and courage.

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among Sephardi-Mizrachi, and Lithuanian rabbinic scholars. Beyond elite, historical esoteric kabbalah, the public-communally studied texts of Hasidic thought explain kabbalistic concepts for wide spiritual application, through their own concern with popular psychological perception of Divine Panentheism.

3916:, as no name could contain a revelation of the Ein Sof. Even terming it "No End" is an inadequate representation of its true nature, the description only bearing its designation in relation to Creation. However, the Torah does narrate God speaking in the first person, most memorably the first word of the 7248:

mysticism would have developed. At some point, both Mandaeans and Jews living in Babylonia began to develop similar cosmogonic and theosophic traditions involving an analogous set of terms, concepts, and images. At present it is impossible to say whether these parallels resulted primarily from Jewish

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By being equipped with the nonlinear concepts of dialectical, psychoanalytic, and deconstructive thought we can begin to make sense of the kabbalistic symbols in our own time. So equipped, we are today probably in a better position to understand the philosophical aspects of the kabbalah than were the

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anti-Kabbalism. In a book to help define central theological issues in Modern Orthodoxy, Michael J. Harris writes that the relationship between Modern Orthodoxy and mysticism has been under-discussed. He sees a deficiency of spirituality in Modern Orthodoxy, as well as the dangers in a fundamentalist

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whose starkly anthropomorphic vision of God he considered heretical. Maimonides, a centrally important medieval sage of Judaism, lived at the time of the first emergence of Kabbalah. Modern scholarship views the systemisation and publication of their historic oral doctrine by Kabbalists, as a move to

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to overturn their stance, establishing the flourishing present-day academic investigation of Jewish mysticism, and making Heichalot, Kabbalistic and Hasidic texts the objects of scholarly critical-historical study. In Scholem's opinion, the mythical and mystical components of Judaism were at least as

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Although until today Kabbalah has been the practice of select Jewish "circles," most of what we know about it comes from the many literary works that have been recognized as "mystical" or "esoteric." From these mystical works, scholars have identified many distinctive mystical schools, including the

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referred to one of the characteristics or attributes by which He revealed Himself to His creatures, or which they ascribed to Him, there is no name or epithet for God from the point of view of His own being. Consequently, when the kabbalists wanted to be precise in their language they abstained from

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Hasidic thought instructs in the predominance of spiritual form over physical matter, the advantage of matter when it is purified, and the advantage of form when integrated with matter. The two are to be unified so one cannot detect where either begins or ends, for "the Divine beginning is implanted

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with related organisations, give outward looking spiritual resources and textual learning for secular Jews. The Intellectual Hasidism of Chabad most emphasises the spread and understanding of kabbalah through its explanation in Hasidic thought, articulating the Divine meaning within kabbalah through

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E. R. Wolfson provides numerous examples from the 17th to the 20th centuries, which would challenge the view of Halperin as well as the notion that "modern Judaism" has rejected or dismissed this "outdated aspect" of the religion and, he argues, there are still Kabbalists today who harbor this view.

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is found in all humans, and enters the physical body at birth. It is the source of one's physical and psychological nature. The next two parts of the soul are not implanted at birth, but can be developed over time; their development depends on the actions and beliefs of the individual. They are said

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Divine creation by means of the Ten Sephirot is an ethical process. They represent the different aspects of Morality. Loving-Kindness is a possible moral justification found in Chessed, and Gevurah is the Moral Justification of Justice and both are mediated by Mercy which is Rachamim. However, these

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At the very beginning the King made engravings in the supernal purity. A spark of blackness emerged in the sealed within the sealed, from the mystery of the Ayn Sof, a mist within matter, implanted in a ring, no white, no black, no red, no yellow, no colour at all. When He measured with the standard

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The traditional method, employed among Jews since the 16th century, continues in learned study circles. Its prerequisite is to either be born Jewish or be a convert and to join a group of kabbalists under the tutelage of a rabbi, since the 18th century more likely a Hasidic one, though others exist

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is reputed to have introduced a lecture by Scholem on Kabbalah with a statement that Kabbalah itself was "nonsense", but the academic study of Kabbalah was "scholarship". This view became popular among many Jews, who viewed the subject as worthy of study, but who did not accept Kabbalah as teaching

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panentheism. According to this philosophy, God's existence is higher than anything that this world can express, yet he includes all things of this world within his divine reality in perfect unity, so that the creation effected no change in him at all. This paradox as seen from dual human and divine

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chapter 29: "In truth there is no substance whatever in the sitra achra, wherefore it is compared to darkness which has no substance whatever and, consequently is banished in the presence of light.....although it possesses abundant vitality, nevertheless has no vitality of its own, G‑d forbid, but

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In recent decades, Kabbalah has seen a resurgence of interest, with several modern groups and individuals exploring its profound teachings. These contemporary interpretations of Kabbalah offer a fresh perspective on this ancient mystical tradition, often bridging the gap between traditional wisdom

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Teaching of classic esoteric kabbalah texts and practice remained traditional until recent times, passed on in Judaism from master to disciple, or studied by leading rabbinic scholars. This changed in the 20th century, through conscious reform and the secular openness of knowledge. In contemporary

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According to interpretations of Luria, the catastrophe stemmed from the "unwillingness" of the residue imprint after the Tzimtzum to relate to the new vitality that began creation. The process was arranged to shed and harmonise the Divine Infinity with the latent potential of evil. The creation of

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Among problems considered in the Hebrew Kabbalah is the theological issue of the nature and origin of evil. In the views of some Kabbalists this conceives "evil" as a "quality of God", asserting that negativity enters into the essence of the Absolute. In this view it is conceived that the Absolute

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Though innumerable glosses, marginalia, commentaries, precedent works, satellite texts and other minor works contribute to an understanding of the Kabbalah as an evolving tradition, the major texts in the main line of Jewish mysticism that inarguably fall under the heading 'Kabbalah'—conforming to

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Ours is an age hungry for meaning, for a sense of belonging, for holiness. In that search, we have returned to the very Kabbalah our predecessors scorned. The stone that the builders rejected has become the head cornerstone (Psalm 118:22)... Kabbalah was the last universal theology adopted by the

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and other classic medieval philosophical works, integrating them with Kabbalah and seeing profound human philosophical and Divine kabbalistic wisdoms as compatible, to those who polemicised against religious philosophy during times when it became overly rationalist and dogmatic. A dictum commonly

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could evolve over time into the idea that "God is One being, yet in that One being there are Ten" which opens up a debate about what the "correct beliefs" in God should be, according to Judaism. The early Kabbalists debated the relationship of the Sephirot to God, adopting a range of essentialist

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with the text of Shi'ur Qomah appears with an annotation, possibly by Maimonides, cursing believers of Shi'ur Qomah (Hebrew: ארור המאמינו) and praying that God be elevated exceedingly beyond that which the heretics say (Judeo-Arabic: תע' ת'ם תע' עמא יקולון אלכאפרון; Hebrew: יתעלה לעילא לעילא ממה

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Due to the alienation from the "secret of God" , the higher qualities of the depths of Godly life are reduced to trivia that do not penetrate the depth of the soul. When this happens, the most mighty force is missing from the soul of nation and individual, and Exile finds favor essentially... We

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form, is the method of modern-style Jewish organisations and writers, who seek to disseminate kabbalah to every man, woman and child regardless of race or class, especially since the Western interest in mysticism from the 1960s. These derive from various cross-denominational Jewish interests in

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are embodied in the organs and soul of man. Lurianic Kabbalah incorporates this in the more inclusive scheme of Jewish messianic rectification of exiled divinity. Jewish mysticism, in contrast to Divine transcendence rationalist human-centred reasons for Jewish observance, gave Divine-immanent

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nature of Kabbalistic experience, based on a close reading of the historical texts. Wolfson has shown that among the closed elite circles of mystical activity, medieval Theosophical Kabbalists held that an intellectual view of their symbols was secondary to the experiential. In the context of

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and spiritual practices aimed at understanding the divine and the hidden aspects of existence. This mystical tradition has evolved significantly over millennia, influencing and being influenced by different historical, cultural, and religious contexts. Among the most prominent forms of Jewish

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Many western Jews insisted that their future and their freedom required shedding what they perceived as parochial orientalism. They fashioned a Judaism that was decorous and strictly rational (according to 19th-century European standards), denigrating Kabbalah as backward, superstitious, and

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etc. In these books the word Kabbalah is used in manifold new senses. During this major phase it refers to the continuity of revelation in every generation, on the one hand, while also suggesting the necessity of revelation to remain concealed and secret or esoteric in every period by formal

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also implies the innate, centrally important theurgic influence of human conduct on redeeming or damaging the spiritual realms, as man is a divine microcosm, and the spiritual realms the divine macrocosm. The purpose of traditional theosophical kabbalah was to give the whole of normative

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spirituality. As a separate spiritual tradition in Western esotericism since the Renaissance, with different aims from its Jewish origin, the non-Jewish traditions differ significantly and do not give an accurate representation of the Jewish spiritual understanding (or vice versa).

3622:, for example, writes that these 3 basic models can be discerned operating and competing throughout the whole history of Jewish mysticism, beyond the particular Kabbalistic background of the Middle Ages. They can be readily distinguished by their basic intent with respect to God: 4032:

to relate psychologically to divinity. Kabbalists debated the validity of anthropomorphic symbolism, between its disclosure as mystical allusion, versus its instrumental use as allegorical metaphor; in the language of the Zohar, symbolism "touches yet does not touch" its point.

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acts, and was censored by Kabbalists for only those completely pure of intent, as it relates to lower realms where purity and impurity are mixed. Consequently, it formed a separate minor tradition shunned from Kabbalah. Practical Kabbalah was prohibited by the Arizal until the

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is one method for discovering its hidden meanings. In this system, each Hebrew letter also represents a number. By converting letters to numbers, Kabbalists were able to find a hidden meaning in each word. This method of interpretation was used extensively by various schools.

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with the plurality of creation. This changed the first creative act into one of withdrawal/exile, the antithesis of the ultimate Divine Will. In contrast, a new emanation after the Tzimtzum shone into the vacuum to begin creation, but led to an initial instability called

3680:. Abraham Abulafia's "Prophetic Kabbalah" was the supreme example of this, though marginal in Kabbalistic development, and his alternative to the program of theosophical Kabbalah. Abulafian meditation built upon the philosophy of Maimonides, whose following remained the 4125:

pillars of morality become immoral once they become extremes. When Loving-Kindness becomes extreme it can lead to sexual depravity and lack of Justice to the wicked. When Justice becomes extreme, it can lead to torture and the Murder of innocents and unfair punishment.

6119:, a prominent Lithuanian-Galician Kabbalist of the 18th century and a moderate proponent of the Haskalah, called for brotherly love and solidarity between all nations, and believed that Kabbalah can empower everyone, Jews and Gentiles alike, with prophetic abilities. 6486:

appreciated the influence of Maimonides in his quasi-rational systemisation. From its inception, the Theosophical Kabbalah became permeated by terminology adapted from philosophy and given new mystical meanings, such as its early integration with the Neoplatonism of

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movement, under the leadership of Arthur Green in the 1980s and 1990s, and with the influence of Zalman Schachter Shalomi, brought a strong openness to Kabbalah and hasidic elements that then came to play prominent roles in the Kol ha-Neshamah siddur series.

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into Existence through the souls of Man who are the inner dimension of all spiritual and physical worlds, yet simultaneously the Infinite Divine generative lifesource beyond Creation that continuously keeps everything spiritual and physical in existence);

4579:(נְשָׁמָה): the higher soul, or "super-soul". This separates man from all other life-forms. It is related to the intellect and allows man to enjoy and benefit from the afterlife. It allows one to have some awareness of the existence and presence of God. 4071:

until their manifestation in the mundane world. In particular, Moses ben Jacob Cordovero (known as "the Ramak"), describes how God emanated the myriad details of finite reality out of the absolute unity of Divine light via the ten sephirot, or vessels.

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or the conjuring of demons and angels by the invocation of their secret names. The understanding of the word Kabbalah undergoes a transformation of its meaning in medieval Judaism, in the books which are now primarily referred to as 'the Kabbalah': the

6411:, male solely by metaphor in Hebrew's gendered grammar), not to his attributes (sephirot or any other Divine manifestations or forms of incarnation)". Kabbalists directed their prayers to God's essence through the channels of particular sephirot using 3309:

mysticism is Kabbalah, which emerged in the 12th century and has since become a central component of Jewish mystical thought. Other notable early forms include prophetic and apocalyptic mysticism, which are evident in biblical and post-biblical texts.

8609:, Jason Aronson 2000, the first comprehensive interpretation of the entirety of the theosophical Kabbalah from a contemporary philosophical and psychological point of view, and the first effort to articulate a comprehensive modern kabbalistic theology 4906:, enabled their internal visualisation of the Divine sephirot Anthropos in imagination. Disclosure of the aniconic in iconic internal psychology, involved sublimatory revelation of Kabbalah's sexual unifications. Previous academic distinction between 3383:, a movement that integrated Kabbalistic ideas into a popular, revivalist context, emphasizing personal mystical experience and the presence of the divine in everyday life. Today, the academic study of Jewish mysticism, pioneered by scholars like 3351:

were composed during this time, laying the groundwork for later developments. The Kabbalistic teachings of this era delved deeply into the nature of the divine, the structure of the universe, and the process of creation. Notable Kabbalists like

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would have redeemed existence, but his sin caused new shevirah of Divine vitality, requiring the Giving of the Torah to begin Messianic rectification. Historical and individual history becomes the narrative of reclaiming exiled Divine sparks.

2823:), where it influences the tenor and aesthetics of European occultism practiced by gentiles or non-Jews. But above all, Jewish Kabbalah is a set of sacred and magical teachings meant to explain the relationship between the unchanging, eternal 6932:

is a group of Kabbalah students, based in Israel. Study materials are available in over 25 languages for free online or at printing cost. Michael Laitman established Bnei Baruch in 1991, following the passing of his teacher, Ashlag's son Rav

5326:" school of the 19th century, framed Judaism in solely rational terms in the emancipatory Haskalah spirit of their age. They opposed kabbalah and restricted its significance from Jewish historiography. In the mid-20th century, it was left to 7249:

influence on Mandaeans, Mandaean influence on Jews, or from cross fertilization. Whatever their original source, these traditions eventually made their way into the priestly – that is, esoteric – Mandaean texts ... and into the Kabbalah.

6985:. The main tenet of the teaching is "In the beginning He created information", rephrasing the famous saying of Nahmanides, "In the beginning He created primordial matter and He didn't create anything else, just shaped it and formed it." 4067:) are the ten emanations and attributes of God with which he continually sustains the existence of the universe. The Zohar and other Kabbalistic texts elaborate on the emergence of the sephirot from a state of concealed potential in the 4233:

narratives. Lurianic Kabbalah places these at the centre of our existence, rather than earlier Kabbalah's Sephirot, which Luria saw as broken in Divine crisis. Contemporary cognitive understanding of the Partzuf symbols relates them to

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kabbalah, and range from considered theology to popularised forms that often adopt New Age terminology and beliefs for wider communication. These groups highlight or interpret kabbalah through non-particularist, universalist aspects.

6937:. Laitman named his group Bnei Baruch (sons of Baruch) to commemorate the memory of his mentor. The teaching strongly suggests restricting one's studies to 'authentic sources', kabbalists of the direct lineage of master to disciple. 6108:

they experienced between the negative perception of Gentiles found in some exponents of Kabbalah, and their own positive dealings with non-Jews, which were rapidly expanding and improving during this period due to the influence of

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The writings of Abraham Isaac Kook (1864–1935), first chief rabbi of Mandate Palestine and visionary, incorporate kabbalistic themes through his own poetic language and concern with human and divine unity. His influence is in the

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and Rav Yehuda Tzvi Brandwein, disciple of Yehuda Ashlag's. Later Philip Berg and his wife re-established the organisation as the worldwide Kabbalah Centre. The organization's leaders "vehemently reject" Orthodox Jewish identity.

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traditions of antiquity. Both adapted the Jewish concepts freely from their Jewish understanding, to merge with multiple other theologies, religious traditions and magical associations. With the decline of Christian Cabala in the

5462:. This tendency toward pseudepigraphy has its roots in apocalyptic literature, which claims that esoteric knowledge such as magic, divination and astrology was transmitted to humans in the mythic past by the two angels, Aza and 6962:, an organisation based instead on pre-Lurianic Medieval Kabbalah presented in universalist style. In contrast, traditional kabbalists read earlier kabbalah through later Lurianism and the systemisations of 16th-century Safed. 6652:

adoption of Kabbalah. He suggests the development of neo-Kabbalistic adaptions of Jewish mysticism compatible with rationalism, offering a variety of precedent models from past thinkers ranging from the mystical inclusivism of

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cited by Kabbalists, "Kabbalah begins where Philosophy ends", can be read as either appreciation or polemic. Moses of Burgos (late 13th century) declared, "these philosophers whose wisdom you are praising end where we begin".

5345:(1941) among his seminal works, though representing scholarship and interpretations that have subsequently been challenged and revised within the field, remains the only academic survey studying all main historical periods of 5407:

Moshe Idel has opened up research on the Ecstatic Kabbalah alongside the theosophical, and has called for new multi-disciplinary approaches, beyond the philological and historical that have dominated until now, to include

6670:("generation of knowledge") movement to counteract the influence of the Zohar and modern Kabbalah. He authored critiques of mysticism in general and Lurianic Kabbalah in particular; his magnum opus was Milḥamoth ha-Shem ( 5308:. Hasidism interpreted kabbalistic structures to their correspondence in inward perception. The Hasidic development of kabbalah incorporates a successive stage of Jewish mysticism from historical kabbalistic metaphysics. 4916:

overstated their division of aims, which revolved around visual versus verbal/auditory views of prophecy. In addition, throughout the history of Judaic Kabbalah, the greatest mystics claimed to receive new teachings from

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in the end and the end in the beginning" (Sefer Yetzira 1:7). The One God created both for one purpose – to reveal the holy light of His hidden power. Only both united complete the perfection desired by the Creator.

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power, but sincere observance by common folk, especially in the Hasidic popularisation of kabbalah, could replace esoteric abilities. Many kabbalists were also leading legal figures in Judaism, such as Nachmanides and

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have further prominence, though infinite meaning turns the whole Torah into a Divine name. As the Hebrew name of things is the channel of their lifeforce, parallel to the sephirot, so concepts such as "holiness" and

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writes that Lurianic Kabbalah was the last theology that was near predominant in Jewish life. While Lurianism represented the elite of esoteric Kabbalism, its mythic-messianic divine drama and personalisation of

4106:), and they should not be understood as ten different "gods" but as ten different ways the one God reveals his will through the Emanations. It is not God who changes but the ability to perceive God that changes. 9296:"From the Periphery to the Center: Kabbalah & Conservative Judaism | Spirituality and Theology:God, Torah Revelatio | Judaism @ AJU AJULA American Jewish University formerly University of Judaism" 6368:) against his contemporaries, the early Kabbalists, characterizing them as blasphemers who even approach heresy. He particularly singled out the Sefer Bahir, rejecting the attribution of its authorship to the 3723:

It is hard to clarify with any degree of certainty the exact concepts within kabbalah. There are several different schools of thought with very different outlooks; however, all are accepted as correct. Modern

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and occult traditions of Cabala, rather than giving an accurate picture of Judaic Kabbalah. Instead, academic and traditional Jewish publications now translate and study Judaic Kabbalah for wide readership.

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in 2nd century Galilee depicted in the Zohar's narrative. Academics have compared the Zohar mystic circle of Spain with the romanticised wandering mystic circle of Galilee described in the text. Similarly,

4514:, and their role in harmonising the supernal divine flow, uniting masculine and feminine forces on High. With this, the feminine Divine presence in this world is drawn from exile to the Holy One Above. The 8863:

Love of one's Neighbour in Pinhas Hurwitz's Sefer ha-Berit, Resianne Fontaine, Studies in Hebrew Language and Jewish Culture, Presented to Albert van der Heide on the Occasion of his Sixty-Fifth Birthday,

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connotations forbidden within Judaism, where Jewish theurgic Practical Kabbalah was a minor, permitted tradition restricted for a few elite. Today, many publications on Kabbalah belong to the non-Jewish

7577:(Heb. אֵין סוֹף; "The Infinite," lit. that which is boundless), name given in Kabbalah to God transcendent, in His pure essence: God in Himself, apart from His relationship to the created world. Since 8276:

for a short explanation. The vast majority of the Lurianic system deals only with the complexities found in the world of Atzilut as is explained in the introductions to both Otzrot Haim and Eitz Haim.

7704:

across time, each with its own unique interests and beliefs. Technically, the term "Kabbalah" applies only to writings that emerged in medieval Spain and southern France beginning in the 13th century.

4494:

Kabbalistic doctrine gives man the central role in Creation, as his soul and body correspond to the supernal divine manifestations. In the Christian Kabbalah this scheme was universalised to describe

6625:

Jewish movements revere Luria and the Kabbalah, but one can find both rabbis who sympathize with such a view, while disagreeing with it, as well as rabbis who consider such a view heresy. The Haredi

4347:

Hasidic thought extends the divine immanence of Kabbalah by holding that God is all that really exists, all else being completely undifferentiated from God's perspective. This view can be defined as

8147:

by Shimon Agasi. It is a commentary on Otzrot Haim by Haim Vital. In the introduction he lists five major schools of thought as to how to understand the Haim Vital's understanding of the concept of

4140:

by doing righteous actions. If there were no righteous humans, the blessings of God would become completely hidden, and creation would cease to exist. While real human actions are the "Foundation" (

6993:

Since the 18th century, Jewish mystical development has continued in Hasidic Judaism, turning kabbalah into a social revival with texts that internalise mystical thought. Among different schools,

8586:

used by philosophy. Allegory dispenses with the analogue once grasped. Symbolism, akin to mystical experience, retains the symbol as the best way to express an inexpressible truth beyond itself.

6349:

through spiritual and physical condensations of the divine light. By incorporating the pluralist many within God, God's Oneness is deepened to exclude the true existence of anything but God. In

9121:"Rav G told me that he was still unsure as to the origin and status of the Zohar, but told me it was my absolute right to draw any conclusions I saw fit regarding both the Zohar and the Ari." 6385:

critic of Kabbalah, wrote that if we were to accept the Kabbalah, then the Christian trinity would be compatible with Judaism, as the Trinity seems to resemble the kabbalistic doctrine of the

3893:

nothing can be grasped. However, the second aspect of divine emanations, accessible to human perception, dynamically interacting throughout spiritual and physical existence, reveal the divine

6605:

mysticism. Their disagreement concerns whether the Kabbalistic teachings promulgated today are accurate representations of those esoteric teachings to which the Talmud refers. The mainstream

3636:

and Luria) seeks to understand and describe the divine realm using the imaginative and mythic symbols of human psychological experience. As an intuitive conceptual alternative to rationalist

3336:

literature, dating from the 2nd century to the early medieval period, further developed these mystical themes, focusing on visionary ascents to the heavenly palaces and the divine chariot.

6643:, representing an inclination to rationalism, embrace of academic scholarship, and the individual's autonomy to define Judaism, embodies a diversity of views regarding Kabbalah from a 6637:

mentioned the possibility of Christian influence in the Kabbalah with the "Kabbalistic vision of the Messiah as the redeemer of all mankind" being "the Jewish counterpart to Christ."

6361: 9675:

Biernot, D. – Blažek, J. – Veverková, K. (Eds.), "Šalom: Pocta Bedřichu Noskovi K Sedmdesátým Narozeninám" (Deus et Gentes, Vol. 37), Chomutov: L. Marek, 2012. Isbn 978-80-87127-56-8

9547: 5339:, were the living subterranean stream in historical Jewish development that periodically broke out to renew the Jewish spirit and social life of the community. Scholem's magisterial 9176:(Heb. אנציקלופדיה לחכמי תימן), ed. Moshe Gavra, vol. 1, Benei Barak 2001, p. 545, s.v. קאפח, יחיא בן שלמה (Hebrew) שהקים את תנועת... דור דעה (he established the Dor Deah movement). 5253:) warns against it, saying: "You shall have no business with secret things". Nonetheless, mystical studies were undertaken and resulted in mystical literature, the first being the 9412: 6765:

However, in the late 20th century and early 21st century there has been a revival in interest in Kabbalah in all branches of liberal Judaism. The Kabbalistic 12th-century prayer

6084:(born 1745), can achieve a high level of spirituality, similar to an angel, his soul is still fundamentally different in character, from a Jewish one. A similar view is found in 9409:"The Teaching of the Kabbalah and Its Essence | Yehuda Leib HaLevi Ashlag (Baal HaSulam) | Kabbalah Library – Bnei Baruch Kabbalah Education & Research Institute" 7600:. The Torah, however, refers only to God's manifestations and not to God's own being which is above and beyond His relationship to the created world. Therefore, neither in the 9529:. The modern disciplines are explored as particular intellectual/emotional perspectives into the inclusive supra-rational Lurianic symbolism, from which both emerge enriched. 3883:

beyond revelation, and (b) God in manifestation, the revealed persona of God through which he creates and sustains and relates to humankind. Kabbalists speak of the first as

6418:

intentions. To pray to a manifestation of God introduces false division among the sephirot, disrupting their absolute unity, dependence and dissolving into the transcendent

6325:

that God is in no way literally within time or space nor physically outside time or space, since time and space simply do not apply to his being whatsoever, emphasizing the

5432:

Historians have noted that most claims for the authority of kabbalah involve an argument of the antiquity of authority. As a result, virtually all early foundational works

2868:

and often use classical Jewish scriptures to explain and demonstrate its mystical teachings. These teachings are held by Kabbalists to define the inner meaning of both the

9079: 5567: 7751: 4813:

is called the Apple Field, and She grows sprouts of secrets and new meanings of Torah. Those who constantly create new interpretations of Torah are the ones who reap Her.

9248: 8501: 6700:(1903–1994), an ultra-rationalist Modern Orthodox philosopher, referred to Kabbalah "a collection of "pagan superstitions" and "idol worship" in remarks given in 1990. 5495:

was written by a circle of Kabbalists in medieval Spain, they may have believed they were channeling the souls and direct revelations from the earlier mystic circle of

4833:

and others, where all reality embodies narrative texts with infinite plurality of meanings brought by the reader. In this dialogue, kabbalah survives the nihilism of

3738:. However, even this qualification does little to limit the scope of understanding and expression, as included in those works are commentaries on Abulafian writings, 5860: 9274: 9138: 6116: 5061:) from different perspectives; God experiences Himself as Other through Man, Man embodies and completes (Tikun) the Divine Persona Above. In Kabbalah's reciprocal 9106: 7612:

is not alluded to either in the Pentateuch, the Prophets, or the Hagiographa, nor in the writings of the rabbis. But the mystics had a vague tradition about it" (

6056: 4789:" embody ontological Divine immanence, as God can be known in manifestation as well as transcendence. The infinite potential of meaning in the Torah, as in the 4471:

of God, psychologising evil. Though impure below, what appears as evil derives from a divine blessing too high to be contained openly. The mystical task of the

4242:, reflecting a psychologised progression from youth to sage in therapeutic healing back to the infinite Ein Sof/Unconscious, as Kabbalah is simultaneously both 9322: 9648: 8439: 6104:

David Halperin argues that the collapse of Kabbalah's influence among Western European Jews over the course of the 17th and 18th century was a result of the

9295: 8992:, entry: Cordovero, Moses – especially in Cordovero's view that the truth of Kabbalistic symbols, once grasped, must then be rejected for falsely literal 5149:-Wisdom, the beginning of Existence, is read etymologically by Kabbalists as the question "Koach Mah?" the "Power of What?"). Alternative listings of the 5197:

has no/infinite interpretations). The infinite axiology of the Ein Sof One, expressed through the Plural Many, overcomes the dangers of nihilism, or the

3356:

played crucial roles in disseminating these teachings, which were characterized by their profound symbolic and allegorical interpretations of the Torah.

9586:

positions of modernity and other theologies, 2nd edition 1995 includes chapters on "The Turn to Mysticism", post-modernism, and Jewish feminist theology

8038: 5473:

transmission, the greatest and most innovative Kabbalists claimed mystical reception of direct personal divine revelations, by heavenly mentors such as

8718: 8024: 4519:

providential cosmic significance to the daily events in the worldly life of man in general, and the spiritual role of Jewish observance in particular.

8921: 8910: 7429: 8373: 7173:(1969), a travelogue among Kabbalists and Hasidim, brought perceptive insights into Jewish mysticism to many Reform Jews. Leading Reform philosopher 6827: 4379:

needs evil to "be what it is", i.e., to exist. Foundational texts of Medieval Kabbalism conceived evil as a demonic parallel to the holy, called the

8667:, cautioned against the layman learning Kabbalah without its Hasidic explanation. He saw this as the cause of the contemporary mystical heresies of 11591: 7839: 4565:(נֶפֶשׁ): the lower part, or "animal part", of the soul. It is linked to instincts and bodily cravings. This part of the soul is provided at birth. 2976:

works (sometime between 200-600CE), detailing an alphanumeric vision of cosmology—may be understood as a kind of prelude to the canon of Kabbalah.

9906:

Halperin, David J. (2012). "Sabbatai Zevi, Metatron, and Mehmed: Myth and History in Seventeenth-Century Judaism". In Breslauer, S. Daniel (ed.).

9090: 4805:. In Lurianic terms, each of the 600,000 root souls of Israel find their own interpretation in Torah, as "God, the Torah and Israel are all One". 4669:(Divine Personas), previously referred to obliquely in the Zohar. From the catastrophe stems the possibility of self-aware Creation, and also the 13108: 11981: 6448:

in which he concludes that certain parts of the Zohar contain heretical teaching and therefore could not have been written by Shimon bar Yochai.

5385: 5357: 4483: 5936: 3897:, and are bound up in the life of man. Kabbalists believe that these two aspects are not contradictory but complement one another, emanations 10664: 9051:

took a historical view of popular Jewish imagination, interacting with national traumas to internalise and develop new Kabbalistic theologies

5956: 5577: 5157:(Unconscious Will/Volition), or Chokmah (Wisdom), a philosophical duality between a Rational or Supra-Rational Creation, between whether the 3699:. While theosophical interpretations of worship see its redemptive role as harmonising heavenly forces, Practical Kabbalah properly involved 7240:

Initially, these interactions resulted in shared magical and angelological traditions. During this phase the parallels which exist between

6307:

and originally published in 1915, specifically to explain and elaborate on the kabbalistic concepts addressed by Nachmanides in his classic

9539: 6289:, teaching that their own Theosophy, centred on an esoteric metaphysics of traditional Jewish practice, is the Torah's true inner meaning. 6235:, takes an intermediate position: the instrumental vessels of the sephirot are created, but their inner light is from the undifferentiated 3598:

to designate the particular, distinctive doctrines that textually emerged fully expressed in the Middle Ages, as distinct from the earlier

7843: 7644: 6345:, agrees that God's essence transcends all expression, but holds in contrast that existence is a manifestation of God's Being, descending 4983:

drawing of new mystical revelations in Torah. The mythological symbols Kabbalah uses to answer philosophical questions, themselves invite

3602:

and methods. According to this descriptive categorization, both versions of Kabbalistic theory, the medieval-Zoharic and the early-modern

11941: 6049: 5951: 8251:

As Zohar I, 15a continues: "Zohar-Radiance, Concealed of the Concealed, struck its aura. The aura touched and did not touch this point."

6422:; the sephirot descend throughout Creation, only appearing from man's perception of God, where God manifests by any variety of numbers. 6299:(13th century), classic debater against Maimonidean rationalism, provides background to many kabbalistic ideas. An entire book entitled 4890:

debates on the role of imagination in Biblical prophecy, and essentialist versus instrumental kabbalistic debates about the relation of

4681:

reincarnation emerges from the scheme. Uniquely, Lurianism gave formerly private mysticism the urgency of Messianic social involvement.

4475:

in the Zohar is to reveal this concealed Divine Oneness and absolute good, to "convert bitterness into sweetness, darkness into light".

4444:

of impurity. In Lurianic Kabbalah, evil originates from a primordial shattering of the sephirot of God's Persona before creation of the

4374:

from the 15th century. Theosophical kabbalists, especially Luria, censored contemporary Practical Kabbalah, but allowed amulets by Sages

10459: 8179:

published by Yaakov Hillel of Ahavat Shalom for a sampling of works by Haim Vital attributed to Isaac Luria that deal with other works.

4817:

As early as the 1st century BCE Jews believed that the Torah and other canonical texts contained encoded messages and hidden meanings.

4340:("Primordial Man" – Divine Will) sometimes excluded due to its sublimity. Together the whole spiritual heavens form the Divine Persona/ 3291: 2615: 7995: 6846:

entire Jewish people, hence faithfulness to our commitment to positive-historical Judaism mandates a reverent receptivity to Kabbalah.

4302:

Nothingness/No-thing sustaining all spiritual and physical realms as successively more corporeal garments, veils and condensations of

9076:, who ruled that it is "impossible" to consider followers of the Dor De'ah movement as heretics: לגבי הדרדעים "אי אפשר לדונם ככופרים" 6728:

movements, though its influences were not completely eliminated. While it was generally not studied as a discipline, the Kabbalistic

5946: 5077:

represent two incomplete poles of a mutual dialectic that imply and include each other's partial validity. This was expressed by the

2911:

from the 18th century onwards. During the 20th century, academic interest in Kabbalistic texts led primarily by the Jewish historian

8557: 3614:

incorporates a parallel inter-related Medieval tradition. A third tradition, related but more shunned, involves the magical aims of

10488: 9130: 6633:

maintained that it is acceptable to believe that the Zohar was not written by Shimon bar Yochai and that it had a late authorship.

5587: 9213: 8351: 6678:

and gnostic influences on Judaism with the publication and distribution of the Zohar since the 13th Century. Rabbi Yiḥyah founded

11987: 7965: 7032: 5941: 4152:), these actions must accompany the conscious intention of compassion. Compassionate actions are often impossible without faith ( 3339:

The medieval period saw the formalization of Kabbalah, particularly in Southern France and Spain. Foundational texts such as the

7488: 292: 11087: 10541: 7748: 6811: 6741: 6042: 4794: 4772:

into a full linguistic mysticism. In this, every Hebrew letter, word, number, even accent on words of the Hebrew Bible contain

9408: 9387: 9348: 9244: 8734: 8497: 4120:

In the 16–17th centuries Kabbalah was popularised through a new genre of ethical literature, related to Kabbalistic meditation

3754:, combined ecstatic with theosophical mysticism. It is therefore important to bear in mind when discussing things such as the 11082: 10319: 10300: 10126: 10107: 10077: 10044: 10025: 10006: 9941: 9915: 9887: 9837: 9818: 9799: 9780: 9744: 9482: 7808: 7226:

investigates and considers the evidence of an interactivity of influence between the medieval Kabbalists of Provence and the

6189: 5542: 2884: 2593: 1686: 2956:

writings are acknowledged as ancestral to the sensibilities of this later flowering of the Kabbalah and more especially the

2876:

and their formerly concealed transmitted dimension, as well as to explain the significance of Jewish religious observances.

2606: 12541: 12516: 6835: 5914: 5897: 5082: 4898:

as a vehicle for prophecy. Judaism's ban on physical iconography, along with anthropomorphic metaphors for Divinity in the

4825:

In contemporary interpretation of kabbalah, Sanford Drob makes cognitive sense of this linguistic mythos by relating it to

4573:(רוּחַ): the middle soul, the "spirit". It contains the moral virtues and the ability to distinguish between good and evil. 4212: 4098:, to an infinite number of possibilities), and are emanated from the Creator for the purpose of creating the universe. The 2044: 10991: 9270: 8822: 8643: 7562: 6271:

by the populance misreading Maimonides' ideal of philosophical contemplation over ritual performance in his philosophical

4556:

to only fully exist in people awakened spiritually. A common way of explaining the three parts of the soul is as follows:

3762:

and their interactions that one is dealing with highly abstract concepts that at best can only be understood intuitively.

12836: 11102: 11097: 10521: 7834: 6601: 6278: 5562: 5181:. Sanford Drob sees every attempt to limit Kabbalah to one fixed dogmatic interpretation as necessarily bringing its own 5003:

In bringing Theosophical Kabbalah into contemporary intellectual understanding, using the tools of modern and postmodern

4665:(Rectification) process. Rectification Above corresponds to the reorganization of the independent sephirot into relating 3728:

authorities have tried to narrow the scope and diversity within kabbalah, by restricting study to certain texts, notably

3119: 2927:

the sense of every definition and meeting all of the various diagnostic criteria of these different perspectives—are the

2089: 12792: 12139: 11914: 10791: 7608:

was there a term which could fulfill the need of the kabbalists in their speculations on the nature of God. "Know that

7090: 6815: 6753: 4409: 3814:

developed independently of Judaic Kabbalah, reading the Jewish texts as universalist ancient wisdom preserved from the

1121: 598: 9525:, p. xvi-xvii. Comparisons of the Lurianic scheme to Hegel, Freud and Jung are treated in respective chapters of 9054: 7163:

has contributed to critical adaptions of Jewish mysticism. Arthur Green's translations from the religious writings of

6979:

From Infinity to Man: The Fundamental Ideas of Kabbalah Within the Framework of Information Theory and Quantum Physics

6395:

in their prayers, although the practice was apparently uncommon. Apologists explained that Jews may have been praying

1024: 12704: 10942: 10796: 7905: 7684: 7261: 7160: 7062: 6892: 6126:(1570–1635) are full of references to Gentile mystical philosophers. Such approach was particularly common among the 6021: 5317: 5053:

draws from Divinity, good arises only from overcoming evil); Existence is simultaneously partial (Tzimtzum), broken (

4747: 4725: 3258: 3043: 2916: 2713: 2431: 2200: 422: 10426: 9502: 9319: 8314: 6911:

scholarly investigation of all eras of Jewish mysticism has flourished into an established department of university

5282:, the main text of Kabbalistic exegesis. Classic mystical Bible commentaries are included in fuller versions of the 4801:

Torah, enclothed within which the mystics perceive the unlimited infinite plurality of meanings of the Torah of the

4718: 3025: 13032: 10851: 10759: 10059: 9865: 9625: 8435: 7230:

which was also prevalent in the region at the same time that the earliest works of medieval Kabbalah were written.

6308: 6304: 5767: 5557: 5341: 3320:

experiencing divine visions and encounters. This tradition continued into the apocalyptic period, where texts like

2907:(16th century) is considered the father of contemporary Kabbalah; Lurianic Kabbalah was popularised in the form of 979: 956: 5257:

of the second and first pre-Christian centuries and which contained elements that carried over to later kabbalah.

13176: 12762: 12016: 11210: 9716: 6080:(1797), in order to argue that Jews have a different character of soul: while a non-Jew, according to the author 5772: 5621: 4276:. Through this any lower creation reflects its particular roots in supernal divinity. Kabbalists agreed with the 12356: 7503: 7069: 13100: 10892: 10452: 10372: 9299: 7047: 5604: 5353: 3644:' Aristotelianism, this speculation became the central stream of Kabbalah, and the usual reference of the term 3284: 3021: 383: 9678: 6523:

of Judaism, that was essential to normative Judaism until fairly recently. With the decline of Jewish life in

5417: 3720:) to hide the knowledge and make it secret, fearing that it might be misused if it fell into the wrong hands. 12897: 12892: 12631: 11993: 11314: 5909: 5508:

assembly location, placing each in the seat of their former reincarnations as students of Shimon bar Yochai.

2635: 2318: 356: 325: 112: 8716: 8016: 7002:

human rational analogies, uniting the spiritual and material, esoteric and exoteric in their Divine source:

5592: 5413: 3875:

The nature of the divine prompted kabbalists to envision two aspects to God: (a) God in essence, absolutely

1004: 13186: 12831: 12056: 11924: 11919: 11107: 11092: 10856: 10811: 10556: 10241: 8993: 8918: 8907: 8377: 7421: 6524: 5902: 5653: 4674: 4222: 4029: 3870: 2639: 2062: 666: 202: 7076: 6535:

age. While Judaism always maintained a minority tradition of religious rationalist criticism of Kabbalah,

5648: 4490:'s role as both legalist and mystic underscores Kabbalah's spiritualisation of normative Jewish observance 13015: 12021: 12006: 10887: 10747: 9468: 8688: 8598: 7155:

and others, has sought a critically selective, non-fundamentalist neo- Kabbalistic and Hasidic study and

5892: 5705: 5700: 5673: 4591:(יחידה): The highest plane of the soul, in which one can achieve as full a union with God as is possible. 3075: 2985: 2964:

is acknowledged as the antecedent from which all these books draw many of their formal inspirations. The

1487: 1065: 220: 13080: 12351: 11975: 11869: 11520: 11414: 11122: 11055: 10616: 10506: 10154: 7265: 6819: 5848: 5582: 5572: 5323: 4866: 4090:

in each of the Four Worlds, and four worlds within each of the larger four worlds, each containing ten

3933: 3712:

According to Kabbalistic belief, early kabbalistic knowledge was transmitted orally by the Patriarchs,

2847: 2233: 1273: 1177: 1079: 889: 57: 17: 9441: 8471:

Otzar Eden Ganuz, Oxford Ms. 1580, fols. 163b-164a; see also Hayei Haolam Haba, Oxford 1582, fol. 12a.

7722: 7115:

expressed a modernist or non-Orthodox Jewish interest in Jewish mysticism, becoming influential among

5260:

Throughout the centuries since, many texts have been produced, among them the ancient descriptions of

13166: 12982: 12091: 12031: 11929: 11909: 11779: 11704: 11564: 11431: 11117: 11077: 10445: 8936:, Volume 1, footnote 1 on pages 475–476; see also pages 477–478 where a booklet found in Maimonides' 8409: 7621: 7321: 7128: 7058: 6851: 6564:

classic Kabbalah represented a common exoteric popular view of Kabbalah, as depicted in early modern

6561: 6483: 6338: 6228: 5806: 5658: 5552: 5214: 4878: 3379:(cosmic repair), which have had a lasting impact on Jewish thought. The 18th century saw the rise of 3312:

The roots of Jewish mysticism can be traced back to the biblical era, with prophetic figures such as

3277: 3207: 3017: 2861: 2857: 2586: 1293: 1236: 1060: 1019: 815: 733: 162: 10091:

Jewish Gnosticism, Merkabah Mysticism and Talmudic Tradition: Based on the Israel Goldstein Lectures

8134:

p.12 section 30 and p.105 bottom section of the left column as preface to the "Talmud Eser HaSfirot"

4004:, male and female, enclothed layers of reality, inwardly holy vitality and external Kelipot shells, 3798:

onwards Jewish Kabbalah texts entered non-Jewish culture, where they were studied and translated by

3067: 13171: 13113: 13062: 12907: 12546: 12011: 11842: 11141: 11016: 10359: 10228: 9464: 7763: 7680: 7140: 6123: 5989: 5409: 5126: 5017: 4976: 4773: 4712: 4226: 4157: 3424: 3006: 2495: 2154: 2052: 1775: 940: 500: 122: 7202:

community, who follow his aim that the legal and imaginative aspects of Judaism should interfuse:

7167:

conceive the latter to be a precursor of contemporary Neo-Hasidism. Reform rabbi Herbert Weiner's

6826:, Eitan Fishbane and Pinchas Giller, respectively. In Reform Judaism, Sharon Koren teaches at the 4012:. These symbols are used to describe various levels and aspects of Divine manifestation, from the 3695:(in often unpublished manuscripts) endeavours to alter both the Divine realms and the World using 13161: 13047: 12992: 12851: 12748: 12267: 11964: 11953: 11547: 11468: 11173: 11072: 11011: 10897: 10870: 10215: 10167: 9772: 9721: 9474: 9018: 8680: 7578: 7169: 7116: 6998: 6683: 6640: 6634: 6580: 6415: 6273: 6026: 6001: 5643: 5194: 4802: 4781: 4585:(חיה): The part of the soul that allows one to have an awareness of the divine life force itself. 4425: 3993: 3981: 3913: 3735: 3681: 3010: 1303: 1203: 1089: 945: 825: 743: 718: 182: 107: 31: 6391:. This was in response to the belief that some European Jews of the period addressed individual 5300:. Subsequent interpretation of Lurianic Kabbalah was made in the writings of Shalom Sharabi, in 5011:, Sanford Drob shows philosophically how every symbol of the Kabbalah embodies the simultaneous 12797: 12132: 12000: 11970: 11033: 8578:, First lecture: General Characteristics of Jewish Mysticism, discusses the difference between 7825: 7636: 7557: 6879:

A third way are non-Jewish organisations, mystery schools, initiation bodies, fraternities and

6081: 6006: 5811: 5757: 5752: 5626: 5482: 5254: 4980: 4729: 4569: 4449: 4239: 3101: 2739: 2540: 2144: 1780: 1114: 748: 640: 545: 350: 9164:, Michael J. Harris, Vallentine Mitchell 2015, Chapter 3 Modern Orthodoxy and Jewish Mysticism 7513: 5725: 5049:

is both illusion and real from Divine and human perspectives; evil and good imply each other (

12937: 12841: 12611: 12574: 12526: 12414: 12026: 11947: 11729: 11436: 11319: 11060: 11050: 11043: 11028: 10914: 9933: 6749: 6098: 5855: 5801: 5720: 5616: 5599: 5547: 5524: 5438: 5274: 5235:

Like the rest of the rabbinic literature, the texts of kabbalah were once part of an ongoing

4826: 4181:), in which he presents an ethical teaching of Judaism in the kabbalistic context of the ten 2353: 2193: 2149: 2067: 575: 10396: 9027:, Simon and Schuster new edition 1992/1997, Afterword: Mysticism in the Jewish Tradition by 7788: 4623: 13181: 12957: 12606: 12061: 12051: 11554: 10526: 7737:. These schools can be categorized further based on individual masters and their disciples. 7389: 7120: 6945:

was founded in the United States in 1965 as The National Research Institute of Kabbalah by

6807: 6659: 6330: 6282: 6105: 6011: 5996: 5818: 5663: 5638: 5633: 4433: 4277: 3876: 3820: 3700: 3688: 3676:) strives to achieve a mystical union with God, or nullification of the meditator in God's 2579: 2457: 2283: 2217: 2124: 2057: 1212: 1050: 800: 795: 7987: 8: 13052: 12683: 12621: 12531: 12468: 12378: 12366: 11709: 11677: 11603: 11512: 11458: 11065: 10865: 10599: 10564: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7710: 7605: 7484: 7479: 7392:, the term was commonly used to mean 'received tradition' or 'chain of tradition' by the 7253: 7245: 6697: 6372: 5877: 5833: 5828: 5762: 5421: 5401: 4263: 3824: 3799: 3705: 3305: 3136: 2953: 2873: 2812: 2751: 2565: 2520: 2393: 2253: 2248: 2079: 1770: 1543: 1379: 984: 340: 102: 8453: 8374:"Demonology and Praxis of Exorcism and of the Liberation Prayers", in Fides Catholica 1" 8047:, chapters on "The Emergence of Medieval Kabbalah" and "Doctrines of Medieval Kabbalah". 6895:, although hundreds of similar societies claim a kabbalistic lineage. These derive from 6227:

versus instrumental views. Modern Kabbalah, based on the 16th century systemisations of

13037: 13000: 12967: 12962: 12927: 12884: 12772: 12743: 12663: 12626: 12161: 12041: 12036: 11847: 11569: 11446: 11441: 11426: 11396: 11349: 11272: 11178: 11038: 10611: 10516: 10483: 9383: 9220: 9195: 8742: 8347: 7784: 7697: 7364: 7257: 6653: 6467: 6314: 6253: 5884: 5823: 5710: 5695: 5611: 5474: 5138: 4918: 4235: 4001: 3902: 3692: 3615: 3599: 3400: 3146: 3132: 2816: 2139: 1469: 1283: 1246: 1138: 1084: 872: 846: 585: 555: 444: 412: 311: 276: 253: 177: 11324: 11200: 10401: 8786: 7269: 7083: 6864:

times kabbalah is studied in four very different, though sometimes overlapping, ways.

4793:, is reflected in the symbol of the two trees of the Garden of Eden; the Torah of the 4677:

of the partzufim accentuates the sexual unifications of the redemption process, while

13156: 13133: 13090: 12723: 12668: 12658: 12650: 12616: 12501: 12450: 12272: 12125: 11825: 11756: 11638: 11623: 11406: 11277: 11242: 10531: 10325: 10315: 10296: 10146: 10122: 10103: 10073: 10040: 10021: 10002: 9937: 9911: 9883: 9861: 9833: 9814: 9795: 9776: 9740: 9583: 9478: 9186:

Gamliel, Amram (1 January 1984). "A Spark of Enlightenment Among the Jews of Yemen".

9039:, Jossey-Bass 2006, Chapter: "Kabbalah is the Official Theology of the Jewish People" 7804: 7714: 7592:, "the Holy One, blessed be He," and others. These names are all found either in the 7474: 7313: 7233: 7199: 6622: 6618: 6528: 6474: 6459: 6412: 6154: 6139: 6110: 5984: 5843: 5496: 5377: 5336: 5161:

Judaic observances have reasons or transcend reasons in Divine Will, between whether

5101:

that transcend single interpretations, Theosophical Kabbalah incorporates aspects of

4895: 4887: 4874: 4618: 4397: 4356: 4281: 3880: 3665: 3661: 3637: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3535:(rabbinic) meanings, often with imaginative comparisons with similar words or verses. 3396: 3360: 3217: 3166: 2892: 2761: 2535: 2336: 2293: 1562: 1357: 1265: 1107: 619: 520: 438: 398: 393: 345: 299: 197: 152: 41: 8566:, Chapter 6 Visionary Gnosis and the Role of the Imagination in Theosophic Kabbalah. 7288:

appears to be inscribed inside a Jewish magic bowl in a corrupted form as "Abiṭur".

6838:, Joel Hecker is the full-time instructor teaching courses in Kabbalah and Hasidut. 5668: 5376:. Scholars across the eras of Jewish mysticism in America and Britain have included 4436:). This introduced the false perception of duality into lower creation, an external 4341: 12942: 12802: 12754: 12673: 12491: 11891: 11859: 11820: 11791: 11774: 11724: 11525: 11334: 11267: 11220: 11168: 11136: 11127: 11112: 10986: 10961: 10937: 10821: 10752: 10669: 10536: 10312:

Kabbalah Handbook: A Concise Encyclopedia of Terms and Concepts in Jewish Mysticism

10198: 10151:

Through a Speculum That Shines: Vision and Imagination in Medieval Jewish Mysticism

9640: 9137:, Volume 7 (1997), p. 120 n. 5. Hebrew original quoted in Milin Havivin Volume 5 , 8894: 7800: 7726: 7701: 7156: 7148: 6994: 6954: 6872: 6831: 6596: 6572: 6565: 6346: 6146:, adhered to humanistic ideals and incorporated teachings of various Christian and 6135: 5346: 5331:

important as the rational ones, and he thought that they, rather than the exoteric

5114: 4912: 4532: 4421: 4303: 4190: 4005: 3917: 3894: 3811: 3807: 3785: 3775: 3771: 3750:, which is known to the kabbalistic elect and which, as described more recently by 3677: 3669: 3649: 3184: 3059: 2973: 2969: 2947: 2880: 2865: 2820: 2765: 2660: 2510: 2505: 2485: 2475: 2186: 1848: 1747: 1483: 1444: 1429: 1185: 1160: 1071: 1055: 1009: 974: 969: 856: 676: 661: 319: 281: 10421: 8190: 7043: 5045:) and human (invited to project human psychology onto Divinity to understand it); 4294:

philosophical concept of creation from nothing, replacing God's creative act with

3353: 13137: 13042: 12972: 12728: 12678: 12496: 12383: 11801: 11796: 11608: 11535: 11368: 11339: 11262: 11252: 11215: 11190: 11006: 11001: 10996: 10981: 10976: 10966: 10951: 10742: 10659: 10626: 10584: 10574: 10270:

Idel, Moshe (1993). "Magic and Kabbalah in the 'Book of the Responding Entity'".

10054: 9737:

The "Unique Cherub" Circle: A School of Mystics and Esoterics in Medieval Germany

9326: 9149: 9094: 9036: 9028: 8925: 8914: 8722: 8602: 8421: 7829: 7755: 7470: 7385: 7338: 7223: 7178: 7174: 6941: 6802: 6687: 6663: 6626: 6614: 6545: 6536: 6512: 6342: 6262: 6213: 6193: 6076: 5974: 5838: 5327: 5284: 4972: 4855: 4830: 4635:. The messianic focus of its mystical renaissance culminated in Lurianic thought. 4408:

below) took place in the spiritual realms. Their sin was that they separated the

3908:

As a term describing the Infinite Godhead beyond Creation, Kabbalists viewed the

3889:(אין סוף "the infinite/endless", literally "there is no end"). Of the impersonal 3751: 3384: 3245: 3240: 3114: 2968:

is a brief document of only few pages that was written many centuries before the

2912: 2908: 2888: 2727: 2555: 2452: 2421: 2388: 2084: 1992: 1886: 1439: 1231: 1196: 1014: 785: 764: 723: 713: 692: 635: 614: 540: 471: 466: 451: 417: 408: 187: 7943: 5715: 5239:, though, over the centuries, much of the oral tradition has been written down. 4776:, describing the spiritual dimensions within exoteric ideas, and it teaches the 12902: 12569: 12393: 12388: 12361: 12230: 12105: 12080: 11901: 11808: 11766: 11746: 11734: 11714: 11628: 11618: 11586: 11579: 11559: 11530: 11502: 11497: 11463: 11373: 11297: 11287: 11225: 11023: 10971: 10882: 10877: 10639: 10634: 10569: 10498: 10351: 9712: 9098: 9024: 8814: 8639: 7589: 7552: 7466: 7296:

listed among other angels who stand on the ninth step of the second firmament.

7273: 7164: 7152: 7132: 7124: 6982: 6912: 6888: 6880: 6737: 6725: 6691: 6630: 6606: 6466:

had been "misled by the accursed philosophy" in denying belief in the external

6407:. In contrast to Christianity, Kabbalists declare that one prays only "to Him ( 6378: 6246:

wrote that Jews who believe in reincarnation have adopted a non-Jewish belief.

5466:(in other places, Azaz'el and Uzaz'el) who fell from heaven (see Genesis 6:4). 5454: 5444: 5393: 5389: 5236: 5193:

transcends all of its infinite expressions; the infinite mystical Torah of the

5182: 5142: 5058: 4938: 4834: 4651: 4273: 4221:(Divine Personas) displacing the Sephirot, manifestations of God in particular 3854: 3325: 3156: 2959: 2938: 2920: 2891:, and was reinterpreted during the Jewish mystical renaissance in 16th-century 2824: 2560: 2441: 2174: 1948: 1743: 1632: 1538: 1434: 1310: 1298: 1241: 1224: 1191: 1045: 1029: 935: 830: 805: 769: 580: 550: 247: 147: 142: 10263:

The Golem: Jewish Magical and Mystical Traditions on the Artificial Anthropoid

10202: 9131:"Scholars and Friends: Rabbi Jehiel Jacob Weinberg and Professor Samuel Atlas" 8959: 6599:, all three of these groups accept the existence and validity of the Talmudic 5730: 5041:

bridge the philosophical problem of the One and the Many; Man is both Divine (

4768:

notions that God enacted Creation through the Hebrew language and through the

3387:, continues to explore its historical, textual, and philosophical dimensions. 2480: 13150: 12812: 12713: 12305: 12210: 11874: 11719: 11646: 11453: 11387: 11360: 11309: 11257: 11230: 11205: 11195: 10956: 10902: 10836: 10816: 10806: 10801: 10774: 10720: 10649: 10594: 10329: 9759: 9707: 9644: 8668: 8664: 7947: 7332: 7293: 6959: 6934: 6286: 6158: 6143: 6016: 5872: 5867: 5433: 5365: 5198: 5165:

is superior, and whether the symbols of Kabbalah should be read as primarily

5134: 5027: 4963: 4606: 4437: 4299: 4268:

Medieval Kabbalists believed that all things are linked to God through these

4173: 3673: 2515: 2341: 2000: 1915: 1424: 1324: 1288: 1154: 877: 790: 728: 671: 87: 7329: – Non-legalistic exegetical texts in the classical rabbinic literature 6806:

in 1975. All rabbinical seminaries now teach several courses in Kabbalah—in

6531:

until the modern rise of Haskalah enlightenment, receiving a revival in our

6208: 5442:, an astro-magical text partly based on a magical manual of late antiquity, 4467:, the appearance of duality and pluralism below dissolves into the absolute 3583:

Kabbalah is considered by its followers as a necessary part of the study of

2903:, the foundational text of Kabbalah, was composed in the late 13th century. 13027: 12932: 12922: 12822: 12787: 12767: 12708: 12636: 12521: 12424: 12371: 11854: 11651: 11613: 11574: 11163: 10907: 10846: 10826: 10786: 10769: 10737: 10725: 10686: 10604: 10579: 10288: 10238:

Mystical Bodies, Mystical Meals: Eating and Embodiment in Medieval Kabbalah

9985: 9973: 9875: 9811:

Kabbalistic Metaphors: Jewish Mystical Themes in Ancient and Modern Thought

9109:, Is there an obligation to believe that Rebbe Shimon bar Yochai wrote the 9102: 9073: 7186: 7144: 7112: 6767: 6675: 6584: 6425: 6318: 6131: 6091: 5486: 5397: 5381: 5369: 5166: 4899: 4809:

The reapers of the Field are the Comrades, masters of this wisdom, because

4761: 4269: 3912:

itself as too sublime to be referred to directly in the Torah. It is not a

2869: 2500: 2416: 2383: 2134: 2129: 2074: 1953: 1858: 1818: 1765: 1719: 1523: 1332: 851: 820: 565: 458: 10281:

Old Worlds, New Mirrors: On Jewish Mysticism and Twentieth-Century Thought

9093:(2005), p. 39, with "Rav E" and "Rav G" later identified by the author as 7672: 7355: – Talking board game manufactured and released by Transogram in 1967 6899:

combinations of Jewish kabbalah with Christian, occultist or contemporary

2626: 13005: 12917: 12846: 12782: 12738: 12556: 12511: 12464: 12398: 12242: 12205: 11864: 11379: 11304: 11282: 11185: 10779: 10708: 10703: 10691: 10681: 10337: 9498: 9139:

Is there an obligation to believe that Rebbe Shimon bar Yochai wrote the

8929: 8672: 8408:, A classic chassidic treatise on the mystic core of spiritual vitality. 7897: 7730: 6946: 6928: 6884: 6713: 6644: 6576: 6520: 6488: 6478: 6334: 6296: 6243: 6232: 6127: 5779: 5501: 5174: 5162: 5062: 5042: 5012: 4956: 4950: 4777: 4661: 4515: 4504: 4487: 4464: 4445: 4441: 4405: 4336: 4307: 4295: 4259: 3997: 3989: 3803: 3795: 3576: 3414: 3375: 3364: 2904: 2426: 2288: 2273: 1760: 1217: 738: 495: 207: 97: 9706: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 9331:

From the Periphery to the Centre: Kabbalah and the Conservative Movement

9199: 6575:

there is dispute as to the status of the Zohar's and Isaac Luria's (the

6185: 4272:, making all levels in creation part of one great, gradually descending 1166: 13070: 12977: 12952: 12912: 12506: 12277: 12262: 12257: 12225: 12200: 11958: 11665: 11247: 10841: 10589: 10511: 10249: 10212:

The Heart and the Fountain: An Anthology of Jewish Mystical Experiences

10189: 10184: 9956: 9925: 9732: 9602: 9063:, Chapter 3 Kabbalistic Metaphysics versus Chapter 4 Lurianic Kabbalah. 7344: 7159:

among modernist Jews. The contemporary proliferation of scholarship by

6896: 6532: 6515:

write that Kabbalah is best described as the inner part of traditional

6463: 6451: 6326: 6249: 6197: 5470: 5452:

to Adam after he was evicted from Eden. Another famous work, the early

5373: 5361: 5122: 5110: 5102: 5008: 5004: 4992: 4870: 4457: 4318: 4247: 4024:(outer). It is solely in relation to the emanations, certainly not the 3641: 3619: 3594:

Modern academic-historical study of Jewish mysticism reserves the term

3227: 3091: 2550: 2545: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2348: 2005: 1755: 1548: 1343: 964: 810: 656: 570: 388: 378: 10406: 7189:

as major presenters of Kabbalistic spirituality for modernists today.

12733: 12564: 12455: 12252: 12237: 12220: 12215: 12195: 11879: 11344: 11235: 11146: 10764: 10698: 10411: 10356:

Language, Eros Being: Kabbalistic Hermeneutics and Poetic Imagination

10341: 10254:

Kabbalistic Prayer and Color, Approaches to Judaism in Medieval Times

10187:(1980). "Samael, Lilith, and the Concept of Evil in Early Kabbalah". 9792:

Symbols of the Kabbalah: Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives

9567: 8607:

Symbols of the Kabbalah: Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives

8310: 7793:

Kabbalah and Modernity: Interpretations, Transformations, Adaptations

7780: 7734: 7358: 7272:

link the alphabet with the creation of the world, a concept found in

7241: 7227: 7217: 6703: 6648: 6549: 6433: 6201: 5118: 4988: 4984: 4882: 4863: 4841:, and by the dialectical paradox where man and God imply each other. 4217: 4202: 3973: 3898: 3717: 3329: 2851: 2806: 2530: 2525: 2436: 2398: 2358: 2313: 2298: 2263: 1973: 1672: 1518: 1495: 882: 373: 241: 172: 132: 127: 10715: 7021: 6724:

Kabbalah tended to be rejected by most Jews in the Conservative and

6216:, which shared some similarities of theory with Jewish Neoplatonists 4047: 3780: 3606:

together comprise the Theosophical tradition in Kabbalah, while the

2995: 12718: 12300: 12247: 12148: 11598: 11540: 11480: 11151: 10437: 9670: 9582:, Eugene Borowitz, Behrman House. After surveying the 6 systemised 8583: 8149: 7759: 7136: 6679: 6667: 6387: 6354: 6293: 6222: 6147: 5979: 5243: 5186: 5170: 5150: 5106: 5074: 5054: 5046: 5038: 4946: 4922: 4891: 4818: 4798: 4640: 4527: 4499: 4385: 4348: 4324: 4312: 4243: 4052: 3969: 3823:, Hermetic Qabalah continued as a central underground tradition in 3757: 3725: 3696: 3627: 3591:

and rabbinic literature) being an inherent duty of observant Jews.

3505: 3501: 3418: 3380: 3369: 3333: 2843: 2757: 2490: 2363: 2030: 2015: 1978: 1968: 1963: 1828: 1714: 1667: 1653: 1510: 1459: 1251: 930: 530: 167: 137: 117: 77: 5085:, that the truth of any concept is revealed only in its opposite. 4535:'s meditations included the "inner illumination of" the human form 4510:

Medieval kabbalah elaborates particular reasons for each Biblical

3367:

in the 16th century, introduced new metaphysical concepts such as

13075: 12777: 12688: 12536: 12483: 12419: 12313: 11813: 11697: 11692: 11682: 11670: 11490: 11475: 11419: 11354: 11329: 11292: 11156: 10831: 10730: 10654: 10546: 10472: 9626:"The Date Palm and the Wellspring:Mandaeism and Jewish Mysticism" 8937: 8220: 7350: 7326: 6908: 6900: 6717: 6610: 6553: 6516: 6504: 6419: 6268: 6257: 5478: 5459: 5332: 5293: 5202: 5190: 5178: 5158: 5146: 5130: 5094: 5070: 5050: 5022: 4968: 4942: 4937:, ascents during sleep, heavenly messengers, etc. A tradition of 4934: 4930: 4926: 4903: 4859: 4786: 4765: 4632: 4561: 4511: 4461: 4453: 4429: 4417: 4413: 4390: 4286: 4230: 4165: 4148: 4042: 4025: 3885: 3837: 3828: 3815: 3708:

is rebuilt and the required state of ritual purity is attainable.

3654: 3532: 3321: 3317: 2829: 2788: 2619: 2611: 2308: 2258: 2114: 2020: 1938: 1843: 1833: 1788: 1648: 1643: 1614: 1602: 1570: 1449: 1416: 1400: 1395: 1385: 1348: 1146: 999: 994: 950: 560: 535: 525: 505: 236: 92: 72: 7256:

suggests Mandaeism has more commonality with Kabbalah than with

6591:

reject Arizal's Kabbalistic teachings, as well as deny that the

5469:

As well as ascribing ancient origins to texts, and reception of

4673:(Impure Shells) of previous Medieval kabbalah. The metaphorical 4539:

The Kabbalah posits that the human soul has three elements, the

3968:

The structure of emanations has been described in various ways:

13023: 12586: 12173: 11884: 11751: 11687: 8579: 7796: 7601: 7597: 7584: 7393: 7289: 7285: 7284:(angels or guardians) have been found in Jewish magical texts. 7131:

Jewish denominations from the 1960s, and organised through the

6788: 6588: 6541: 6455: 6408: 6382: 6350: 6170: 6162: 6153:

A prime representative of this humanist stream in Kabbalah was

6086: 5463: 5449: 5228: 5078: 5066: 4858:, privileged an intellectual view of the nature of Kabbalistic 4678: 4601: 4472: 4468: 4460:. In the divine view from above within Kabbalah, emphasised in 4371: 4351: 4330: 4291: 4133: 4055:

in three columns, as a tree with roots above and branches below

3951: 3921: 3866: 3832: 3713: 3588: 3444: 3313: 2631: 2447: 2303: 2268: 2119: 2010: 1958: 1943: 1933: 1928: 1901: 1896: 1879: 1853: 1838: 1823: 1798: 1793: 1709: 1662: 1637: 1619: 1533: 1528: 1505: 1464: 1454: 1390: 1367: 1362: 989: 925: 515: 510: 403: 192: 157: 9990:

Inner Space: Introduction to Kabbalah, Meditation and Prophecy

9357:, chapters on "Christian Kabbalah" and the "Contemporary Era". 8328: 7873: 5288:(Main Commentators). Cordoveran systemisation is presented in 5021:, the conjoining of two opposite dualities. Thus the Infinite 4949:

intercessions in heaven for the community is recounted in the

4693: 4396:

Gevurah is necessary for Creation to exist as it counterposes

12579: 12429: 12320: 12295: 12190: 11835: 11830: 11784: 11739: 11660: 11655: 10919: 10674: 10644: 10369:

Alef, Mem, Tau: Kabbalistic Musings on Time, Truth, and Death

8595: 7767: 7718: 7593: 7547: 7545: 7281: 7277: 6708: 6557: 6445: 6429: 6428:(1697–1776), himself an Orthodox Kabbalist who venerated the 6166: 5491: 5448:, was, according to the kabbalists, transmitted by the angel 5224: 5154: 4769: 4628: 4401: 4208: 4142: 3985: 3929: 3584: 3408: 3347: 3341: 3328:

introduced complex angelology and eschatological themes. The

3304:

The history of Jewish mysticism encompasses various forms of

3197: 2934: 2930: 2898: 2800: 2794: 2675: 2643: 2025: 1923: 1872: 1865: 1729: 1724: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1609: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1580: 1575: 1500: 1372: 1338: 920: 332: 286: 270: 10382:

Luminal Darkness: Imaginal Gleanings From Zoharic Literature

8474: 8208: 6834:

have renewed interest in Kabbalah among Reform Jews. At the

6499: 6173:

and pagan mysteries according to the Kabbalistic theosophy.

6134:. Late medieval and Renaissance Italian Kabbalists, such as 4367: 4116: 3920:, a reference without any description or name to the simple 3858:

Metaphorical scheme of emanated spiritual worlds within the

12807: 12590: 12460: 12117: 11934: 10468: 10416: 10164:

Venturing Beyond: Law and Morality in Kabbalistic Mysticism

9899:

Jewish Mysticism and Kabbalah: New Insights and Scholarship

9433: 9360: 8873:

Israel and Humanity, Elijah Benamozegh, Paulist Press, 1995

7222:

In several important areas of his history of the Kabbalah,

5505: 5141:. Its symbols can be read as questions which are their own 5098: 4780:

methods of interpretation for ascertaining these meanings.

4686: 4334:("Action" – Divine Activity), with a preceding Fifth World 4009: 2705: 2699: 2681: 2666: 2109: 1624: 7542: 7039: 6977:

The Kabbalah of Information is described in the 2018 book

6822:

in Los Angeles have full-time instructors in Kabbalah and

5356:

has been a centre of this research, including Scholem and

5242:

Jewish forms of esotericism existed over 2,000 years ago.

5205:

alluded to throughout Kabbalistic and Hasidic mysticisms.

12947: 12434: 12334: 9540:"Kabbalah Book review: The fundamental ideas of Kabbalah" 9162:

Faith Without Fear: Unresolved Issues in Modern Orthodoxy

8109:

Megillah 14a, Shir HaShirim Rabbah 4:22, Ruth Rabbah 1:2.

6656:

to a compartmentalisation between Halakha and mysticism.

6357:

from the Divine view, yet real from its own perspective.

6236: 5436:

claim, or are ascribed, ancient authorship. For example,

4020: 4014: 3977: 3630:

tradition of Theoretical Kabbalah (the main focus of the

2693: 82: 10138:

Lessons in Tanya: The Tanya of R. Shneur Zalman of Liadi

9910:. State University of New York Press. pp. 271–308. 9908:

The Seductiveness of Jewish Myth: Challenge Or Response?

9901:. Jewish Studies in the Twenty-First Century. NYU Press. 8876: 8093: 8091: 8089: 7561:. American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE). 2018. 7335: – "Nothingness" in Kabbalah and Hasidic philosophy 6069: 5219: 3734:

and the teachings of Isaac Luria as passed down through

9245:"halacha – Is one allowed to become a Talmid HaRambam?" 8774: 8112: 8074: 6375:

and describing some of its content as truly heretical.

4998: 4854:

The founder of the academic study of Jewish mysticism,

8389: 8387: 8348:"Beginner Level Kabbalah: What is Practical Kabbalah?" 8254: 7863: 7861: 7532: 7530: 7528: 7526: 7524: 7522: 6285:

physics and metaphysics in that work and in his legal

5322:

The first modern-academic historians of Judaism, the "

4869:

speculation. In contrast, contemporary scholarship of

4077: 10431: 9333:, United Synagogue Review, Spring 2005, Vol. 57 No. 2 9271:"Idol Worship is Still Within Us- Yesayahu Leibowitz" 8999: 8971: 8291: 8191:"Kabbala goes to yeshiva – Magazine – Jerusalem Post" 8086: 6732:

service remained part of liberal liturgy, as did the

6074:

One point of view is represented by the Hasidic work

2879:

Historically, Kabbalah emerged from earlier forms of

2714: 2690: 2663: 8845: 7347: – Early Christian and Jewish religious systems 7303: 6981:

written by Ukrainian-born professor and businessman

6918: 6321:, and other predecessors) explains at length in his 6277:. They objected to Maimonides equating the Talmudic 4456:) "who died" before any king reigned in Israel from 4111: 3938:

BeReishit Bara Elohim – In the beginning God created

3827:. Through these non-Jewish associations with magic, 3755: 3745: 3739: 3729: 3631: 3538: 3526: 3511: 3471: 3442: 3422: 3406: 2957: 2945: 2928: 2896: 2782: 2744: 2702: 2696: 2678: 2672: 10093:. New York: Jewish Theological Seminary of America. 8547: 8545: 8543: 8384: 7858: 7519: 6507:, a popular Jewish custom from the Safed Kabbalists 6491:and use of Aristotelian terms of Form over Matter. 5173:values. Messianic redemption requires both ethical 2687: 2669: 9580:Choices in Modern Jewish Thought: A Partisan Guide 9336: 8749: 8050: 6720:, a cross denomination Jewish custom from Kabbalah 6704:Conservative, Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism 4844: 4102:are considered revelations of the Creator's will ( 8412:, translated by Eliyahu Touger, Sichos in English 8062: 6828:Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion 6666:leader and Chief Rabbi of Yemen, spearheaded the 5292:, philosophical articulation in the works of the 3765: 3417:can proceed along four levels of interpretation ( 13148: 9619: 9617: 8540: 7840:Center for the Study of Language and Information 7779: 7211: 6252:(12th century), celebrated by followers for his 4612: 4306:. The innumerable levels of descent divide into 4211:sections of the classic Zohar make reference to 3901:revealing the concealed mystery from within the 9434:"The Kabbalah Centre – learn transform connect" 7461: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7447: 6556:social movements. Giller notes that the former 4531:Building on Kabbalah's conception of the soul, 3831:and divination, Kabbalah acquired some popular 3413:, a foundational text for kabbalistic thought, 2860:originally developed their own transmission of 9671:"Jewish Elements in the Mandaic Written Magic" 7465: 5861:Christian thought on persecution and tolerance 4393:, the power of "Strength/Judgement/Severity". 4253: 4086:correspond to various levels of creation (ten 4008:("limbs" of the King) and the divine Souls of 2979: 12133: 10453: 9614: 7666: 7664: 7662: 7361: – Kabbalistic method of deriving a word 6050: 4975:texts are concerned to apply themselves from 3849: 3285: 2587: 2194: 1115: 10412:King David Kabbalah on Mount Zion, Jerusalem 10346:. Translated by Eliahu Klein. Jason Aronson. 10274:. Chicago: Spertus College of Judaica Press. 9623: 9091:An Analysis of the Authenticity of the Zohar 7942: 7444: 7341: – English Qaballa system of James Lees 7048:introducing citations to additional sources 6579:) Kabbalistic teachings. While a portion of 6403:the aspects of Godliness represented by the 4979:and theory to spiritual practice, including 4136:) ascend these ethical qualities of the ten 3657:practice this mystical metaphysical meaning. 3544: 3517: 3477: 3430: 2834: 2773: 11942:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation 9953:The Mystical Experience in Abraham Abulafia 9463:Myers, Jody. (2014). "Kabbalah Centre". In 8703:. An overview of contemporary scholarship: 8242:, Dan Cohn-Sherbok, Oneworld pub, p.120-121 5485:, soul ascents on high, etc. On this basis 5223:Title page of first printed edition of the 4921:, the souls of earlier sages (a purpose of 4694:Linguistic mysticism and the mystical Torah 4290:unknowable Godhead. They reinterpreted the 3550: 3485: 3453: 3024:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 12599: 12140: 12126: 10460: 10446: 10407:Judaism 101: Kabbalah and Jewish Mysticism 10121:. Quadrangle/New York Times Book Company. 9896: 8704: 8640:"Overview of Chassidut (Chassidus) |" 7758:– The relationship of the esoteric to the 7659: 7170:Nine and a Half Mystics: The Kabbala Today 6333:unlike any worldly conception. Kabbalah's 6090:, an early medieval philosophical book by 6057: 6043: 5504:gathered his disciples at the traditional 5137:, as well as overlapping with theory from 5088: 3292: 3278: 2854:religious interpretations within Judaism. 2594: 2580: 2201: 2187: 1122: 1108: 9855: 9753: 9078:(מעין אומר סימן צג עמ' עדר) available at 8949: 8947: 8780: 8260: 8097: 8080: 7770:and existence. From www.kabbalaonline.org 7139:movements. The writings and teachings of 6782:passage from the Zohar, and the mystical 6317:(in the spirit of his father Maimonides, 4748:Learn how and when to remove this message 4298:continual self-emanation by the mystical 3468:): the direct interpretations of meaning. 3044:Learn how and when to remove this message 2842:, 'The Infinite')—and the mortal, finite 12883: 10489:Index of Jewish history-related articles 10135: 9905: 8851: 8795:, Chapter 17 The Question of Authorship. 8406:The Tree of Life – Kuntres Eitz HaChayim 8334: 7038:Relevant discussion may be found on the 6830:. Reform rabbis like Herbert Weiner and 6707: 6503:Tikkun for reading through the night of 6498: 6207: 6184: 5218: 5185:(Lurianic Kabbalah incorporates its own 4849: 4711:This section includes a list of general 4622: 4526: 4482: 4404:, the sin of Adam and Eve (who embodied 4366: 4355:perspectives is dealt with at length in 4115: 4046: 4028:Ground of all Being, that Kabbalah uses 3964:(beginning): the first word of all ... " 3853: 3806:occultists. The syncretic traditions of 3779: 2625: 2605: 11988:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 10625: 10379: 10350: 10161: 10145: 10116: 10097: 10088: 10067: 10053: 10039:. Presbyterian Publishing Corporation. 9668: 9608: 9370: 9185: 9048: 8977: 8882: 8575: 8563: 8498:"What Judaism Says About Reincarnation" 8393: 8371: 7883: 7879: 7867: 7536: 6458:, he had no use for canonical medieval 6256:, rejected many of the pre-Kabbalistic 5427: 14: 13149: 12160: 10235: 10034: 10015: 9996: 9984: 9972: 9897:Greenspahn, Frederick E., ed. (2011). 9846: 9830:Kabbalah and Postmodernism: A Dialogue 9342: 9060: 9005: 8989: 8965: 8953: 8944: 8767:See, e.g., Joseph Dan's discussion in 8484: 8480: 8297: 8238:Zohar I, 15a English translation from 8226: 8118: 7895: 7670: 7260:such as cosmogony and sexual imagery. 6907:Fourthly, since the mid-20th century, 6812:Jewish Theological Seminary of America 6742:Jewish Theological Seminary of America 2768:. A traditional Kabbalist is called a 2756:'reception, tradition') is an 12872: 12159: 12121: 10441: 10336: 10222: 9950: 9874: 9462: 8792: 8068: 7846:from the original on 13 February 2023 7823: 7647:from the original on 27 February 2019 6858: 6771:was restored to the new Conservative 6470:of demons, incantations and amulets. 6309:commentary to the Five books of Moses 6070:Distinction between Jews and non-Jews 4925:prostrated on the graves of Talmudic 4522: 4322:("Creation" – Divine Understanding), 4168:) being part of the "Middle Column". 4082:According to Lurianic cosmology, the 2610:Jewish Kabbalists portrayed in 1641; 10467: 10269: 10260: 10248: 10020:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 10018:Jewish Meditation: A Practical Guide 9963: 9924: 9858:What You Need to Know about Kabbalah 9827: 9808: 9789: 9526: 9522: 9444:from the original on 4 December 2020 9366: 8755: 8700: 8551: 8240:Jewish Mysticism – An Anthology 8056: 7896:Dennis, Geoffrey W. (18 June 2014). 7671:Dennis, Geoffrey W. (18 June 2014). 7491:from the original on 4 November 2011 7015: 6836:Reconstructionist Rabbinical College 6736:prayer. Nevertheless, in the 1960s, 6544:captured the popular imagination in 5227:, main sourcebook of Kabbalah, from 5032:transcending Existence/Nothingness ( 4999:Paradoxical coincidence of opposites 4967:, and in many other Kabbalistic and 4697: 4655:(Chaos), leading to a new crisis of 3955:(God's manifestation in creation)": 3022:adding citations to reliable sources 2989: 10434:A compendium of Neo-Hasidic thought 10283:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 10209: 10183: 9966:Hasidism: Between Ecstasy and Magic 9849:Kabbalah: A Guide for the Perplexed 9769:Kabbalah: A Very Short Introduction 9766: 9731: 9544:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com 9354: 8768: 8521: 8459: 8214: 8195:The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com 8044: 7835:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 7509: 6796:and the 16th-century mystical poem 6602:Maaseh Breishit and Maaseh Merkavah 6587:movement, and many students of the 6494: 6279:Maaseh Breishit and Maaseh Merkavah 6220:The idea that there are ten divine 4308:Four comprehensive spiritual worlds 4078:Ten Sephirot as process of Creation 3545: 3450: 2774: 2731: 24: 11935:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research 11915:American Jewish Historical Society 10176: 9715:; et al., eds. (1901–1906). " 9268: 8462:, chapter on "Christian Kabbalah". 8188: 8166:Vol 3, section 47 by Ovadiah Yosef 7968:from the original on 24 March 2023 7908:from the original on 2 August 2020 7687:from the original on 25 April 2015 7432:from the original on 26 March 2016 6816:Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies 6754:Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies 6477:varied from those who appreciated 6364:wrote an epistle (included in his 4837:by incorporating its own Lurianic 4717:it lacks sufficient corresponding 4448:, mystically represented by the 8 4160:in kabbalah, corresponding to the 4063:(also spelled "sefirot"; singular 3579:) meanings, expressed in kabbalah. 25: 13198: 12705:Attributes of God in Christianity 10422:Learn Kabbalah: Lurianic Kabbalah 10390: 10037:Jewish Mysticism: An Introduction 9033:On the Road with Rabbi Steinsaltz 7988:"PESHAṬ - JewishEncyclopedia.com" 7579:every name which was given to God 7262:The Thousand and Twelve Questions 6919:Universalist Jewish organisations 6792:the spirits of Jewish forebears. 6180: 5458:, is dated back to the patriarch 5318:List of Jewish mysticism scholars 4933:and Kabbalists), the soul of the 4362: 4328:("Formation" – Divine Emotions), 4171:Moses ben Jacob Cordovero, wrote 4112:Ten Sephirot as process of ethics 3626:The Theosophical or Theosophical- 3429:from their initial letters (PRDS 389:Immigration to the Land of Israel 13132: 12099: 12086: 12085: 10427:Chabad.org's "What is Kabbalah?" 10070:Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism 10060:Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism 9978:The Jewish Religion: A Companion 9754:Dan, Joseph; Kiener, R. (1986). 9725:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. 9701: 9662: 9624:Deutsch, Nathaniel (1999–2000). 9589: 9573: 9561: 9532: 9516: 9491: 9456: 9426: 8699:Important revisionism includes: 7306: 7031:relies largely or entirely on a 7020: 6883:, the most popular of which are 6800:reappeared in the Reform Siddur 6362:Rabbi Meir ben Simon of Narbonne 6305:Yaakov Yehuda Aryeh Leib Frenkel 5588:Unification Church in Japan 5342:Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism 5296:, and Lurianic rectification in 5268:mystical ascent literature, the 5208: 4702: 4595: 4225:symbolic personalities based on 3421:). These four levels are called 3066: 2994: 2915:has inspired the development of 2659: 2232: 2168: 1165: 1159: 1153: 229:Pre-Kabbalistic Jewish mysticism 56: 12763:Great Architect of the Universe 10384:. London: Onworld Publications. 10272:The Solomon Goldman Lectures VI 9681:from the original on 6 May 2022 9669:Vinklat, Marek (January 2012). 9651:from the original on 2022-06-26 9611:, pp. 14–20, 148–155, 197. 9595:Avraham Yitzchak HaCohen Kook ( 9550:from the original on 2022-02-20 9505:from the original on 2015-10-21 9467:; Petersen, Jesper Aa. (eds.). 9415:from the original on 2020-04-24 9401: 9390:from the original on 2014-01-02 9376: 9313: 9288: 9277:from the original on 2015-10-16 9262: 9251:from the original on 2015-10-16 9237: 9206: 9179: 9167: 9155: 9124: 9084: 9066: 9042: 9011: 8968:, entry: Elijah, Gaon of Vilna. 8900: 8888: 8867: 8857: 8836: 8825:from the original on 2018-02-10 8807: 8798: 8761: 8727: 8710: 8693: 8657: 8646:from the original on 2009-02-02 8632: 8612: 8589: 8569: 8527: 8504:from the original on 2023-04-17 8490: 8465: 8442:from the original on 2020-08-02 8428: 8415: 8399: 8365: 8354:from the original on 2015-09-28 8340: 8317:from the original on 2020-01-29 8303: 8279: 8266: 8245: 8232: 8182: 8169: 8156: 8137: 8124: 8103: 8027:from the original on 2022-05-21 8009: 7998:from the original on 2023-08-26 7980: 7936: 7920: 7889: 7817: 7773: 7565:from the original on 2017-02-02 7177:described the Orthodox Hasidic 6674:) against what he perceived as 6097:Another prominent Habad rabbi, 4845:Cognition, mysticism, or values 4440:nurtured from holiness, and an 4316:("Closeness" – Divine Wisdom), 4284:, but as only referring to the 4189:has become also a foundational 4094:, which themselves contain ten 3744:, Albotonian writings, and the 2917:historical research on Kabbalah 980:Generational ascent in Kabbalah 975:Generational descent in Halacha 394:Traditional Oriental Kabbalists 12007:Relations with other religions 10373:University of California Press 10252:(1985). Blumenthal, D. (ed.). 10225:EHYEH: A Kabbalah for Tomorrow 9696: 9174:Encyclopedia of Yemenite Sages 8132:Preface to the Wisdom of Truth 7742: 7629: 7414: 7378: 7011: 6473:Views of Kabbalists regarding 6436:misuse of Kabbalah, wrote the 5519:This article is of a series on 5354:Hebrew University of Jerusalem 5311: 4478: 3766:Jewish and non-Jewish Kabbalah 2850:). It forms the foundation of 13: 1: 12542:Trinity of the Church Fathers 11994:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 9882:. Stanford University Press. 8663:The Founder of Hasidism, the 7702:schools of Jewish esotericism 7403: 7212:Cathar and Mandaean parallels 7111:From the early 20th century, 6444:), an astute critique of the 6190:Golden age of Spanish Judaism 5247: 5145:answers (the Hebrew sephirah 4896:contemplation on the sephirot 4760:Kabbalistic thought extended 4613:Tzimtzum, Shevirah and Tikkun 4428:within it (10 sefirot within 3390: 2458:List of magical organizations 516:Customary immersion in mikveh 113:The path of the flaming sword 12873: 12147: 11925:Leo Baeck Institute New York 11920:American Sephardi Federation 10314:. Penguin Publishing Group. 10242:Wayne State University Press 10072:. New York: Schocken Books. 9856:Ginsburgh, Yitzchak (2006). 9570:, Kehot publications, p. 110 8906:Maimonides' responsa siman ( 8596:"Kabbalah: The New Kabbalah" 7904:. Union for Reform Judaism. 7824:Magid, Shaul (Summer 2014). 7408: 5511: 4383:(the "Other Side"), and the 4196: 3980:(spiritual light and flow), 3871:Anthropomorphism in Kabbalah 3359:In the early modern period, 2640:Jewish Museum of Switzerland 667:Joseph ben Abraham Gikatilla 384:Emden–Eybeschutz controversy 203:Anthropomorphism in Kabbalah 7: 12793:Phenomenological definition 10748:Constantinopolitan Karaites 10397:Jewish Encyclopedia: Cabala 10343:Etz Hayim: The Tree of Life 10256:. Chicago: Scholar's Press. 10140:. Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch. 10100:The Origins of the Kabbalah 9470:Controversial New Religions 9386:. Laitman.com. 2008-07-08. 8721:September 21, 2005, at the 8689:Menachem Mendel Schneersohn 7299: 7192: 6527:, it displaced rationalist 5489:speculates, that while the 5093:By expressing itself using 4913:Ecstatic-Prophetic Kabbalah 4254:Descending spiritual worlds 4036: 4002:Angelic Chariot and Palaces 3844: 3756: 3746: 3740: 3730: 3684:to theosophical Kabbalists. 3632: 3539: 3527: 3512: 3472: 3443: 3423: 3407: 3076:History of Jewish mysticism 2986:History of Jewish mysticism 2980:History of Jewish mysticism 2958: 2946: 2929: 2897: 2883:, in 12th- to 13th-century 2783: 2745: 615:Four Who Entered the Pardes 379:Sabbatean mystical heresies 10: 13203: 11976:National Library of Israel 10617:Zionism, race and genetics 10310:Samuel, Gabriella (2007). 10155:Princeton University Press 9980:. Oxford University Press. 9930:Kabbalah: New Perspectives 9739:. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. 9473:(2nd ed.). New York: 7992:www.jewishencyclopedia.com 7614:Sefer Ma'arekhet ha-Elohut 7367: – Method in Kabbalah 7266:Scroll of Exalted Kingship 7215: 7183:The Thirteen Petalled Rose 6988: 6820:American Jewish University 6752:(Dean of the Conservative 6281:secrets of the Torah with 6212:Kabbalah mysticism on the 5324:Wissenschaft des Judentums 5315: 5212: 5169:intellectual cognition or 4616: 4599: 4257: 4227:Biblical esoteric exegesis 4200: 4040: 4018:(inner) dimensions to the 3864: 3850:Concealed and revealed God 3769: 3600:Merkabah mystical concepts 3587:– the study of Torah (the 3394: 2983: 1080:Jewish principles of faith 1025:Modern Jewish philosophies 890:Menachem Mendel Schneerson 300:Mainstream displacement of 29: 13130: 13099: 13061: 13014: 12991: 12879: 12868: 12821: 12697: 12649: 12555: 12482: 12443: 12407: 12344: 12333: 12286: 12181: 12172: 12168: 12155: 12074: 11930:Yeshiva University Museum 11910:Center for Jewish History 11900: 11765: 11637: 11511: 11405: 10936: 10555: 10497: 10479: 10203:10.1017/S0364009400000052 10117:Scholem, Gershom (1974). 10098:Scholem, Gershom (1962). 10089:Scholem, Gershom (1960). 10068:Scholem, Gershom (1995). 9828:Drob, Sanford L. (2009). 9135:The Torah U-Madda Journal 8842:ר' אברהם חן, ביהדות התורה 8642:. Inner.org. 2014-02-12. 8621:iii. 22; compare Talmud, 8410:Sholom Dovber Schneersohn 8350:. Inner.org. 2014-02-24. 8274:Otzrot Haim: Sha'ar TNT"A 8017:"The Written Law – Torah" 7322:List of Jewish Kabbalists 7161:Jewish mysticism academia 6786:service welcoming to the 6595:is authoritative or from 5568:Latter Day Saint movement 5215:Primary texts of Kabbalah 4030:anthropomorphic symbolism 3519: 3518: 3479: 3478: 3432: 3431: 3373:(divine contraction) and 3141:c. 100 BCE – 1000 CE 2836: 2835: 2775: 2732: 1010:Classic Mussar literature 816:Chaim Joseph David Azulai 734:Moses ben Jacob Cordovero 302:rationalism with Kabbalah 12547:Trinitarian universalism 10522:Ancient Israel and Judah 10380:Wolfson, Elliot (2007). 10367:Wolfson, Elliot (2006). 10360:Fordham University Press 10293:Meditation and the Bible 10229:Jewish Lights Publishing 10162:Wolfson, Elliot (2006). 10136:Wineberg, Yosef (1998). 9932:. New Haven and London: 9847:Giller, Pinchas (2011). 9645:10.2143/ARAM.11.2.504462 8804:סידור הרב, שער אכילת מצה 8311:"Kabbalah: New Kabbalah" 7933:, "Beit Ha-Chokhma", 14. 7681:Union for Reform Judaism 7371: 7141:Zalman Schachter-Shalomi 6124:Abraham Cohen de Herrera 5025:is above the duality of 5018:Coincidentia oppositorum 4827:postmodern philosophical 4797:is the external, finite 4774:Jewish mystical meanings 3972:(divine attributes) and 3879:, unknowable, limitless 3575:): the inner, esoteric ( 3531:: 'inquire' or 'seek'): 2616:Saxon University Library 970:Eras of Rabbinic Judaism 566:Pilgrimage to holy grave 459:Non-Orthodox interest in 423:Hasidic-Mitnagdic schism 404:Eastern European Judaism 293:Kabbalistic commentaries 123:Jewish angelic hierarchy 27:Type of Jewish mysticism 12749:Godhead in Christianity 10898:North African Sephardim 10871:Jewish tribes of Arabia 10265:. New York: SUNY Press. 10216:Oxford University Press 10168:Oxford University Press 9999:Meditation and Kabbalah 9968:. New York: SUNY Press. 9773:Oxford University Press 9722:The Jewish Encyclopedia 9475:Oxford University Press 9019:Nine and a Half Mystics 8681:Jacob Immanuel Schochet 8372:Cantoni, Piero (2006). 8288:, Yechiel Bar-Lev, p.73 8098:Dan & Kiener (1986) 6684:Modern Orthodox Judaism 6641:Modern Orthodox Judaism 6635:Yechiel Yaakov Weinberg 6373:R. Neḥunya ben ha-Kanah 6274:Guide for the Perplexed 6002:Criticism of monotheism 5898:Anti-Christian violence 5593:Westboro Baptist Church 5089:Metaphysics or axiology 4971:tales. Kabbalistic and 4782:Names of God in Judaism 4732:more precise citations. 4627:16th-century graves of 4446:stable spiritual worlds 3736:Hayyim ben Joseph Vital 3192:c. 1175 – 1500s CE 2760:method, discipline and 946:Talmudical hermeneutics 826:Schneur Zalman of Liadi 183:Names of God in Judaism 153:Messianic rectification 13177:Language and mysticism 12001:Holocaust Encyclopedia 11971:Jewish Virtual Library 10223:Green, Arthur (2003). 10035:Laenen, J. H. (2001). 10016:Kaplan, Aryeh (2011). 9997:Kaplan, Aryeh (1995). 9809:Drob, Sanford (2000). 9790:Drob, Sanford (1999). 9384:"On Authentic Sources" 9320:Artson, Bradley Shavit 9107:Milin Havivin Volume 5 8956:, entry: Emden, Jacob. 8582:used by Kabbalah, and 8021:Jewish Virtual Library 7929:, R. Isaiah Horowitz, 7749:"Imbued with Holiness" 7622:kabbalistic literature 7558:Jewish Virtual Library 7251: 7209: 7009: 6975: 6973:kabbalists themselves. 6848: 6763: 6721: 6508: 6432:, concerned to battle 6294:medieval rabbinic sage 6217: 6205: 6117:Pinchas Elijah Hurwitz 6082:Shneur Zalman of Liadi 5649:New religious movement 5255:Apocalyptic literature 5232: 4829:concepts described by 4815: 4636: 4536: 4491: 4375: 4240:collective unconscious 4121: 4056: 3992:(Spiritual Worlds), a 3966: 3934:first words of Genesis 3862: 3791: 3232:1665 – c. 1800 CE 3171:c. 1150 – 1250 CE 3102:Apocalyptic literature 2948:Etz Chayim ('Ein Sof') 2647: 2623: 749:Judah Loew ben Bezalel 312:Selective influence on 12575:Fate of the unlearned 12527:Shield of the Trinity 11948:Encyclopaedia Judaica 11730:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh 10915:Sephardic Bnei Anusim 10665:Udmurt and Tatar Jews 10236:Hecker, Joel (2005). 9992:. Moznaim Publishing. 9951:Idel, Moshe (1988b). 9934:Yale University Press 8932:and reprinted in his 7698:Historians of Judaism 7280:. Mandaean names for 7238: 7204: 7157:mystical spirituality 7004: 6970: 6843: 6841:According to Artson: 6758: 6750:Bradley Shavit Artson 6711: 6502: 6211: 6188: 6130:and post-Renaissance 6099:Abraham Yehudah Khein 5578:Seventh-day Adventist 5526:Criticism of religion 5439:Sefer Raziel HaMalach 5304:and the 20th-century 5275:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh 5222: 5201:mystical breaking of 5189:self shattering; the 4881:understanding of the 4850:Kabbalists as mystics 4807: 4626: 4530: 4486: 4370: 4119: 4051:Scheme of descending 4050: 3957: 3857: 3784:Latin translation of 3783: 3263:c. 1920s – today 3253:1730s CE – today 2629: 2609: 2354:Esoteric transmission 163:Kabbalistic astrology 10527:Second Temple period 10279:Idel, Moshe (2009). 10261:Idel, Moshe (1990). 10210:Dan, Joseph (2002). 9964:Idel, Moshe (1995). 9880:A Guide to the Zohar 9767:Dan, Joseph (2007). 9584:Jewish philosophical 9477:. pp. 101–113. 9080:hydepark.hevre.co.il 8286:The Song of the Soul 7044:improve this article 6955:The Kabbalah Society 6808:Conservative Judaism 6716:song to welcome the 6399:and not necessarily 6331:Divine transcendence 6267:rebut the threat on 6260:texts, particularly 6242:The pre-Kabbalistic 6106:cognitive dissonance 5997:Criticism of atheism 5701:Charles Taze Russell 5583:Unification movement 5483:prophetic revelation 5428:Claims for authority 5360:, and more recently 5015:paradox of mystical 4888:Jewish philosophical 4434:Divine transcendence 4278:divine transcendence 4179:Palm Tree of Deborah 4146:) of this universe ( 4128:"Righteous" humans ( 3914:Holy Name in Judaism 3222:1570 CE – today 3208:Cordoverian Kabbalah 3120:Rabbinic esotericism 3018:improve this section 2864:within the realm of 1051:Divine transcendence 801:Moshe Chaim Luzzatto 796:Dov Ber of Mezeritch 561:Pilgrimage to Tzadik 452:Academic interest in 30:For other uses, see 13187:Western esotericism 13109:Slavic Native Faith 12532:Trinitarian formula 12469:Father of Greatness 12352:Abrahamic religions 11965:Jewish Encyclopedia 11710:Hekhalot literature 11521:Religious movements 11056:Judeo-Tripolitanian 10417:The Kabbalah Centre 9247:. Mi Yodeya. 2015. 9021:: The Kabbala Today 7962:Kopelman Foundation 7957:Jewish Encyclopedia 7927:Shnei Luchot HaBrit 7898:"What is Kabbalah?" 7785:Stuckrad, Kocku von 7729:, the teachings of 7673:"What is Kabbalah?" 7485:Kopelman Foundation 7480:Jewish Encyclopedia 7254:R.J. Zwi Werblowsky 7129:Reconstructionalist 6942:The Kabbalah Centre 6909:historical-critical 6698:Yeshayahu Leibowitz 6686:than with Orthodox 6583:, followers of the 6511:Pinchas Giller and 6351:Hasidic Panentheism 5768:Mormon sacred texts 5688:By religious figure 5563:Jehovah's Witnesses 5434:pseudepigraphically 5422:comparative studies 5402:Ada Rapoport-Albert 5335:or intellectualist 5163:study or good deeds 5083:Aaron of Staroselye 4923:Lurianic meditation 4452:(the derivative of 4264:Seder hishtalshelus 3946:Reishit (Beginning) 3825:Western esotericism 3800:Christian Hebraists 3706:Temple in Jerusalem 2874:rabbinic literature 2813:Western esotericism 2521:Hermes Trismegistus 2394:Ritual purification 2254:Eastern esotericism 2249:Western esotericism 2080:Abrahamic religions 1979:Selichot (S'lichot) 1771:Bar and bat mitzvah 1274:Principles of faith 1074:for the 613 Mitzvot 1072:Kabbalistic reasons 985:Rabbinic literature 957:Jewish commentaries 571:Lag BaOmer at Meron 556:Tikkun Leil Shavuot 357:Popular Kabbalistic 341:Cordoveran Kabbalah 103:Seder hishtalshelut 13071:Abrahamic prophecy 13001:Ayyavazhi theology 12773:Apophatic theology 12162:Conceptions of God 12106:Judaism portal 12042:Jews and Halloween 12037:Jews and Christmas 11427:Rabbinic authority 11179:Judaeo-Piedmontese 10612:Xueta Christianity 10517:Origins of Judaism 10484:Outline of Judaism 9756:The Early Kabbalah 9325:2011-07-29 at the 9148:2021-09-14 at the 8924:2021-04-20 at the 8913:2021-04-20 at the 8685:Derech Mitzvosecha 8601:2012-07-17 at the 8537:on Zohar III, 106a 8436:"Tanya chapter 26" 8229:, Entry: Kabbalah. 7766:interpretation of 7754:2010-10-12 at the 7606:rabbinic tradition 7258:Merkabah mysticism 6859:Contemporary study 6722: 6654:Abraham Isaac Kook 6509: 6360:Around the 1230s, 6315:Abraham Maimonides 6254:Jewish rationalism 6218: 6206: 5885:Sectarian violence 5794:Religious violence 5726:Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 5622:Twelver Shia Islam 5475:Elijah the Prophet 5233: 5177:and contemplative 5153:start with either 4919:Elijah the Prophet 4637: 4537: 4523:Levels of the soul 4492: 4376: 4236:Jungian archetypes 4207:The most esoteric 4122: 4057: 3976:(divine "faces"), 3863: 3792: 3693:Practical Kabbalah 3682:rationalist threat 3616:Practical Kabbalah 3504:meanings (through 3401:Practical Kabbalah 3151:early CE–modernity 3147:Practical Kabbalah 3127:c. 1 – 200 CE 2817:Christian Kabbalah 2648: 2624: 2411:Esoteric societies 2175:Judaism portal 2140:Holocaust theology 1085:Jewish eschatology 873:Abraham Isaac Kook 847:Nachman of Breslov 586:Practical Kabbalah 374:Baal Shem-Nistarim 335:16th-century Safed 282:Prophetic Kabbalah 277:Toledano tradition 254:Chassidei Ashkenaz 148:Sparks of holiness 13144: 13143: 13126: 13125: 13122: 13121: 12864: 12863: 12860: 12859: 12755:Latter Day Saints 12724:Divine simplicity 12645: 12644: 12502:Consubstantiality 12478: 12477: 12329: 12328: 12273:Theistic finitism 12115: 12114: 12081:extinct languages 11982:YIVO Encyclopedia 11757:Hebrew literature 11725:Sefer HaEtz Chaim 11565:Reconstructionist 11243:Judaeo-Portuguese 10932: 10931: 10888:Eastern Sephardim 10532:Synagogal Judaism 10402:Hermetic Kabbalah 10321:978-1-101-21846-4 10302:978-0-87728-617-2 10128:978-0-8129-0352-2 10109:978-0-691-02047-1 10079:978-0-8052-1042-2 10046:978-0-664-22457-8 10027:978-0-307-76111-8 10008:978-1-56821-381-1 10001:. Jason Aronson. 9943:978-0-300-04699-1 9917:978-0-7914-9744-9 9889:978-0-8047-4908-4 9839:978-1-4331-0304-9 9820:978-0-7657-6125-5 9801:978-1-4617-3415-4 9794:. Jason Aronson. 9782:978-0-19-530034-5 9746:978-3-16-146798-1 9484:978-0-19-515682-9 9411:. Kabbalah.info. 9214:"Milhamot Hashem" 8941:שאומרים הכופרים). 8928:), translated by 8739:www.srhe.ucsb.edu 8705:Greenspahn (2011) 8533:Moshe Cordovero, 8189:Wagner, Matthew. 8121:, pp. 44–48. 7902:ReformJudaism.org 7826:"Gershom Scholem" 7810:978-90-04-18284-4 7803:. pp. 1–12. 7677:ReformJudaism.org 7582:using names like 7426:/www.morfix.co.il 7314:Philosophy portal 7234:Nathaniel Deutsch 7200:Religious Zionist 7109: 7108: 7094: 6852:Reconstructionist 6662:, a 20th-century 6623:Religious Zionist 6529:Jewish philosophy 6475:Jewish philosophy 6462:, declaring that 6460:Jewish philosophy 6442:Veil of the Books 6381:, a 17th-century 6269:Judaic observance 6155:Elijah Benamozegh 6140:David Messer Leon 6111:the Enlightenment 6067: 6066: 5605:Swaminarayan sect 5497:Shimon bar Yochai 5378:Alexander Altmann 5337:Jewish philosophy 5203:Jewish observance 4991:apprehension and 4910:versus Abulafian 4894:to God, they saw 4875:Elliot R. Wolfson 4795:Tree of Knowledge 4758: 4757: 4750: 4619:Lurianic Kabbalah 4410:Tree of knowledge 4282:Jewish philosophy 3984:and the supernal 3881:divine simplicity 3697:practical methods 3689:Magico-Talismanic 3666:Ecstatic Kabbalah 3638:Jewish philosophy 3612:Ecstatic Kabbalah 3604:Lurianic Kabbalah 3405:According to the 3397:Ecstatic Kabbalah 3361:Lurianic Kabbalah 3302: 3301: 3267: 3266: 3218:Lurianic Kabbalah 3185:Ecstatic Kabbalah 3180:Medieval Kabbalah 3167:Ashkenazi Hasidim 3054: 3053: 3046: 2893:Ottoman Palestine 2858:Jewish Kabbalists 2762:school of thought 2755: 2743: 2604: 2603: 2337:Astral projection 2294:Mystical theology 2211: 2210: 1563:Important figures 1237:Reconstructionist 1132: 1131: 1097: 1096: 1066:Divine providence 1015:Ashkenazi Judaism 990:Talmudic theology 897: 896: 620:Simeon bar Yochai 501:Mystical exegesis 481: 480: 447:religious Zionism 439:Hasidic dynasties 399:Beit El Synagogue 351:Maharal's thought 346:Lurianic Kabbalah 328:Spanish expulsion 198:Tzadikim Nistarim 16:(Redirected from 13194: 13167:Jewish mysticism 13136: 12881: 12880: 12870: 12869: 12757: 12597: 12596: 12492:Athanasian Creed 12342: 12341: 12179: 12178: 12170: 12169: 12157: 12156: 12142: 12135: 12128: 12119: 12118: 12104: 12103: 12102: 12089: 12088: 11221:Judeo-Golpaygani 10822:Palestinian Jews 10797:Alexandrian Jews 10753:Crimean Karaites 10670:Unterlander Jews 10623: 10622: 10537:Rabbinic Judaism 10462: 10455: 10448: 10439: 10438: 10385: 10376: 10363: 10347: 10333: 10306: 10284: 10275: 10266: 10257: 10245: 10232: 10219: 10206: 10171: 10158: 10141: 10132: 10113: 10094: 10083: 10064: 10055:Scholem, Gershom 10050: 10031: 10012: 9993: 9981: 9969: 9960: 9947: 9921: 9902: 9893: 9871: 9852: 9843: 9824: 9805: 9786: 9763: 9750: 9726: 9705: 9704: 9691: 9690: 9688: 9686: 9666: 9660: 9659: 9657: 9656: 9630: 9621: 9612: 9606: 9600: 9593: 9587: 9577: 9571: 9565: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9555: 9536: 9530: 9520: 9514: 9513: 9511: 9510: 9501:. New Kabbalah. 9495: 9489: 9488: 9460: 9454: 9453: 9451: 9449: 9430: 9424: 9423: 9421: 9420: 9405: 9399: 9398: 9396: 9395: 9380: 9374: 9364: 9358: 9352: 9346: 9340: 9334: 9317: 9311: 9310: 9308: 9307: 9298:. Archived from 9292: 9286: 9285: 9283: 9282: 9269:Mallin, Shlomo. 9266: 9260: 9259: 9257: 9256: 9241: 9235: 9234: 9232: 9231: 9225: 9219:. Archived from 9218: 9210: 9204: 9203: 9183: 9177: 9171: 9165: 9159: 9153: 9128: 9122: 9118: 9101:, respectively ( 9088: 9082: 9070: 9064: 9058: 9052: 9046: 9040: 9015: 9009: 9003: 8997: 8994:anthropomorphism 8987: 8981: 8975: 8969: 8963: 8957: 8951: 8942: 8934:Collected Papers 8904: 8898: 8892: 8886: 8880: 8874: 8871: 8865: 8861: 8855: 8849: 8843: 8840: 8834: 8833: 8831: 8830: 8811: 8805: 8802: 8796: 8790: 8784: 8781:Ginsburgh (2006) 8778: 8772: 8765: 8759: 8753: 8747: 8746: 8741:. Archived from 8731: 8725: 8714: 8708: 8697: 8691: 8677:The Great Maggid 8661: 8655: 8654: 8652: 8651: 8636: 8630: 8616: 8610: 8593: 8587: 8573: 8567: 8561: 8555: 8549: 8538: 8531: 8525: 8519: 8513: 8512: 8510: 8509: 8494: 8488: 8478: 8472: 8469: 8463: 8457: 8451: 8450: 8448: 8447: 8432: 8426: 8419: 8413: 8403: 8397: 8391: 8382: 8381: 8376:. Archived from 8369: 8363: 8362: 8360: 8359: 8344: 8338: 8332: 8326: 8325: 8323: 8322: 8307: 8301: 8295: 8289: 8283: 8277: 8270: 8264: 8261:Ginsburgh (2006) 8258: 8252: 8249: 8243: 8236: 8230: 8224: 8218: 8217:, ch. 5 & 9. 8212: 8206: 8205: 8203: 8202: 8186: 8180: 8173: 8167: 8160: 8154: 8141: 8135: 8128: 8122: 8116: 8110: 8107: 8101: 8095: 8084: 8081:Ginsburgh (2006) 8078: 8072: 8066: 8060: 8054: 8048: 8042: 8036: 8035: 8033: 8032: 8013: 8007: 8006: 8004: 8003: 7984: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7973: 7940: 7934: 7924: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7913: 7893: 7887: 7877: 7871: 7865: 7856: 7855: 7853: 7851: 7821: 7815: 7814: 7801:Brill Publishers 7777: 7771: 7762:in the fourfold 7746: 7740: 7739: 7727:Abraham Abulafia 7719:Zoharic Kabbalah 7711:Hechalot mystics 7707: 7694: 7692: 7668: 7657: 7656: 7654: 7652: 7633: 7627: 7626: 7571: 7570: 7549: 7540: 7534: 7517: 7507: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7471:Kohler, Kaufmann 7463: 7442: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7418: 7397: 7382: 7316: 7311: 7310: 7309: 7149:Lawrence Kushner 7104: 7101: 7095: 7093: 7052: 7024: 7016: 6995:Chabad-Lubavitch 6966:The New Kabbalah 6881:secret societies 6832:Lawrence Kushner 6745:literal truths. 6730:Kabbalat Shabbat 6647:spirituality to 6597:Shimon bar Yohai 6573:Orthodox Judaism 6571:In contemporary 6566:Musar literature 6495:Orthodox Judaism 6438:Mitpaḥath Sfarim 6366:Milḥemet Mitzvah 6303:was authored by 6136:Yohanan Alemanno 6094:(1075–1141 CE). 6059: 6052: 6045: 5527: 5516: 5515: 5347:Jewish mysticism 5252: 5249: 5139:magical elements 5115:depth psychology 5113:and unconscious 5081:Hasidic thinker 4879:phenomenological 4753: 4746: 4742: 4739: 4733: 4728:this section by 4719:inline citations 4706: 4705: 4698: 4675:anthropomorphism 4533:Abraham Abulafia 4422:Divine immanence 4304:divine immanence 4215:male and female 3918:Ten Commandments 3812:Hermetic Qabalah 3808:Christian Cabala 3776:Hermetic Qabalah 3772:Christian Cabala 3761: 3749: 3743: 3733: 3678:Active intellect 3670:Abraham Abulafia 3668:(exemplified by 3655:Jewish religious 3635: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3552: 3548: 3547: 3542: 3530: 3525:from the Hebrew 3524: 3523: 3521: 3515: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3483: 3481: 3475: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3428: 3412: 3294: 3287: 3280: 3088: 3087: 3070: 3060:Jewish mysticism 3056: 3055: 3049: 3042: 3038: 3035: 3029: 2998: 2990: 2963: 2951: 2943: 2919:in the field of 2902: 2881:Jewish mysticism 2872:and traditional 2866:Jewish tradition 2841: 2840: 2838: 2827:—the mysterious 2821:Hermetic Qabalah 2786: 2780: 2779: 2777: 2766:Jewish mysticism 2750: 2748: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2722: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2684: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2596: 2589: 2582: 2236: 2213: 2212: 2203: 2196: 2189: 2173: 2172: 2171: 1445:Aruch HaShulchan 1169: 1163: 1157: 1134: 1133: 1124: 1117: 1110: 1056:Divine immanence 1020:Sephardi Judaism 910: 909: 857:Shlomo Eliyashiv 677:Menahem Recanati 662:Abraham Abulafia 604: 603: 461:Jewish mysticism 454:Jewish mysticism 320:Hermetic Qabalah 226: 225: 60: 37: 36: 21: 13202: 13201: 13197: 13196: 13195: 13193: 13192: 13191: 13172:Jewish theology 13147: 13146: 13145: 13140: 13138:Religion portal 13118: 13095: 13057: 13038:Holy Scriptures 13010: 12987: 12875: 12856: 12817: 12753: 12729:Divine presence 12693: 12641: 12595: 12551: 12497:Comma Johanneum 12474: 12439: 12403: 12337: 12325: 12282: 12164: 12151: 12146: 12116: 12111: 12100: 12098: 12070: 11896: 11761: 11633: 11507: 11401: 11216:Judeo-Borujerdi 11191:Judeo-Malayalam 11137:Judeo-Aragonese 11108:Lishanid Noshan 10940: 10928: 10660:Oberlander Jews 10621: 10551: 10493: 10475: 10466: 10393: 10388: 10366: 10352:Wolfson, Elliot 10322: 10309: 10303: 10287: 10278: 10179: 10177:Further reading 10174: 10147:Wolfson, Elliot 10129: 10110: 10080: 10047: 10028: 10009: 9944: 9918: 9890: 9868: 9840: 9821: 9802: 9783: 9747: 9713:Singer, Isidore 9711: 9702: 9699: 9694: 9684: 9682: 9667: 9663: 9654: 9652: 9628: 9622: 9615: 9607: 9603: 9594: 9590: 9578: 9574: 9566: 9562: 9553: 9551: 9538: 9537: 9533: 9521: 9517: 9508: 9506: 9497: 9496: 9492: 9485: 9465:Lewis, James R. 9461: 9457: 9447: 9445: 9432: 9431: 9427: 9418: 9416: 9407: 9406: 9402: 9393: 9391: 9382: 9381: 9377: 9365: 9361: 9353: 9349: 9341: 9337: 9327:Wayback Machine 9318: 9314: 9305: 9303: 9294: 9293: 9289: 9280: 9278: 9267: 9263: 9254: 9252: 9243: 9242: 9238: 9229: 9227: 9223: 9216: 9212: 9211: 9207: 9184: 9180: 9172: 9168: 9160: 9156: 9150:Wayback Machine 9129: 9125: 9120: 9116: 9114: 9095:Eliyahu Dessler 9089: 9085: 9077: 9071: 9067: 9059: 9055: 9047: 9043: 9037:Arthur Kurzweil 9029:Adin Steinsaltz 9016: 9012: 9008:, pp. 1–7. 9004: 9000: 8988: 8984: 8976: 8972: 8964: 8960: 8952: 8945: 8926:Wayback Machine 8915:Wayback Machine 8905: 8901: 8893: 8889: 8881: 8877: 8872: 8868: 8862: 8858: 8852:Halperin (2012) 8850: 8846: 8841: 8837: 8828: 8826: 8819:www.sefaria.org 8813: 8812: 8808: 8803: 8799: 8791: 8787: 8779: 8775: 8766: 8762: 8754: 8750: 8733: 8732: 8728: 8723:Wayback Machine 8715: 8711: 8698: 8694: 8662: 8658: 8649: 8647: 8638: 8637: 8633: 8625:, 13a; Midrash 8617: 8613: 8603:Wayback Machine 8594: 8590: 8574: 8570: 8562: 8558: 8550: 8541: 8532: 8528: 8520: 8516: 8507: 8505: 8496: 8495: 8491: 8479: 8475: 8470: 8466: 8458: 8454: 8445: 8443: 8434: 8433: 8429: 8420: 8416: 8404: 8400: 8392: 8385: 8370: 8366: 8357: 8355: 8346: 8345: 8341: 8335:Wineberg (1998) 8333: 8329: 8320: 8318: 8309: 8308: 8304: 8296: 8292: 8284: 8280: 8271: 8267: 8259: 8255: 8250: 8246: 8237: 8233: 8225: 8221: 8213: 8209: 8200: 8198: 8187: 8183: 8177:Ktavim Hadashim 8174: 8170: 8161: 8157: 8142: 8138: 8130:Yehuda Ashlag; 8129: 8125: 8117: 8113: 8108: 8104: 8096: 8087: 8079: 8075: 8067: 8063: 8055: 8051: 8043: 8039: 8030: 8028: 8015: 8014: 8010: 8001: 7999: 7986: 7985: 7981: 7971: 7969: 7941: 7937: 7925: 7921: 7911: 7909: 7894: 7890: 7878: 7874: 7866: 7859: 7849: 7847: 7830:Edward N. Zalta 7822: 7818: 7811: 7787:, eds. (2010). 7783:; Pasi, Marco; 7778: 7774: 7756:Wayback Machine 7747: 7743: 7723:ecstatic school 7715:German Pietists 7705: 7690: 7688: 7669: 7660: 7650: 7648: 7643:. Melingo Ltd. 7641:Morfix, מורפיקס 7635: 7634: 7630: 7568: 7566: 7551: 7550: 7543: 7535: 7520: 7508: 7504: 7494: 7492: 7467:Ginzberg, Louis 7464: 7445: 7435: 7433: 7428:. Melingo Ltd. 7420: 7419: 7415: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7400: 7386:Mishnaic Hebrew 7383: 7379: 7374: 7339:English Qaballa 7312: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7270:Alma Rišaia Rba 7224:Gershom Scholem 7220: 7214: 7195: 7179:Adin Steinsaltz 7175:Eugene Borowitz 7117:Modern Orthodox 7105: 7099: 7096: 7053: 7051: 7037: 7025: 7014: 6991: 6921: 6861: 6803:Gates of Prayer 6706: 6664:Yemenite Jewish 6627:Eliyahu Dessler 6581:Modern Orthodox 6546:Jewish folklore 6537:Gershom Scholem 6519:, the official 6517:Jewish religion 6513:Adin Steinsaltz 6497: 6484:Moses Cordovero 6353:, the world is 6343:Hasidic thought 6339:Moses Cordovero 6323:Milḥamot HaShem 6214:Knesset Menorah 6194:Knesset Menorah 6183: 6072: 6063: 6034: 6033: 5990:In Christianity 5970: 5962: 5961: 5932: 5924: 5923: 5922: 5921: 5795: 5787: 5786: 5785: 5784: 5746: 5738: 5737: 5736: 5735: 5689: 5681: 5680: 5679: 5678: 5536: 5525: 5514: 5477:, the souls of 5430: 5328:Gershom Scholem 5320: 5314: 5285:Mikraot Gedolot 5250: 5231:, Italy in 1558 5217: 5211: 5127:Jewish exegesis 5091: 5030:Being/Non-Being 5001: 4987:contemplation, 4962:Praises of the 4945:knowledge, and 4856:Gershom Scholem 4852: 4847: 4831:Jacques Derrida 4754: 4743: 4737: 4734: 4724:Please help to 4723: 4707: 4703: 4696: 4621: 4615: 4604: 4598: 4525: 4481: 4432:, representing 4420:, representing 4365: 4266: 4258:Main articles: 4256: 4223:Anthropomorphic 4205: 4199: 4114: 4080: 4045: 4039: 3944:(the level of) 3873: 3852: 3847: 3778: 3768: 3752:Gershom Scholem 3640:, particularly 3572: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3403: 3393: 3385:Gershom Scholem 3298: 3269: 3268: 3250: 3246:Hasidic schools 3228:Sabbatean sects 3189: 3124: 3085: 3050: 3039: 3033: 3030: 3015: 2999: 2988: 2982: 2913:Gershom Scholem 2909:Hasidic Judaism 2889:Southern France 2720: 2716: 2686: 2662: 2658: 2600: 2571: 2570: 2471: 2470:Notable figures 2463: 2462: 2453:Typhonian Order 2444: 2412: 2404: 2403: 2389:Rite of passage 2332: 2324: 2323: 2244: 2207: 2169: 2167: 2160: 2159: 2105: 2104: 2095: 2094: 2085:Judeo-Christian 2048: 2047: 2045:Other religions 2036: 2035: 1996: 1995: 1984: 1983: 1919: 1918: 1907: 1906: 1861: 1814: 1813: 1804: 1803: 1785: 1751: 1750: 1735: 1734: 1690: 1689: 1687:Religious roles 1678: 1677: 1640: 1636: 1566: 1565: 1554: 1553: 1515: 1491: 1490: 1475: 1474: 1440:Mishnah Berurah 1420: 1419: 1408: 1407: 1382: 1335: 1328: 1327: 1316: 1315: 1269: 1268: 1257: 1256: 1188: 1181: 1180: 1128: 1099: 1098: 1076: 1073: 961: 958: 941:Pardes exegesis 907: 899: 898: 786:Chaim ibn Attar 765:Isaiah Horowitz 724:Shlomo Alkabetz 714:Meir ibn Gabbai 693:Bahya ben Asher 636:Isaac the Blind 601: 591: 590: 491: 483: 482: 463: 460: 456: 453: 449: 446: 418:Lithuanian Jews 409:Hasidic Judaism 361: 358: 337: 334: 330: 327: 326:Mysticism after 316: 314:Western thought 313: 309: 304: 301: 297: 294: 223: 213: 212: 188:Shemhamphorasch 68: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13200: 13190: 13189: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13162:Jewish culture 13159: 13142: 13141: 13131: 13128: 13127: 13124: 13123: 13120: 13119: 13117: 13116: 13111: 13105: 13103: 13097: 13096: 13094: 13093: 13088: 13083: 13078: 13073: 13067: 13065: 13059: 13058: 13056: 13055: 13050: 13048:Predestination 13045: 13040: 13035: 13030: 13020: 13018: 13012: 13011: 13009: 13008: 13003: 12997: 12995: 12989: 12988: 12986: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12970: 12965: 12960: 12955: 12950: 12945: 12940: 12935: 12930: 12925: 12920: 12915: 12910: 12905: 12903:Biblical canon 12900: 12895: 12889: 12887: 12877: 12876: 12866: 12865: 12862: 12861: 12858: 12857: 12855: 12854: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12828: 12826: 12819: 12818: 12816: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12785: 12780: 12775: 12770: 12765: 12760: 12759: 12758: 12746: 12741: 12736: 12731: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12711: 12701: 12699: 12698:Other concepts 12695: 12694: 12692: 12691: 12686: 12681: 12676: 12671: 12666: 12661: 12655: 12653: 12647: 12646: 12643: 12642: 12640: 12639: 12634: 12629: 12624: 12619: 12614: 12609: 12603: 12601: 12594: 12593: 12584: 12583: 12582: 12572: 12570:Apocalypticism 12567: 12561: 12559: 12553: 12552: 12550: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12514: 12509: 12504: 12499: 12494: 12488: 12486: 12484:Trinitarianism 12480: 12479: 12476: 12475: 12473: 12472: 12458: 12453: 12447: 12445: 12441: 12440: 12438: 12437: 12432: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12411: 12409: 12405: 12404: 12402: 12401: 12399:Zoroastrianism 12396: 12391: 12386: 12381: 12376: 12375: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12348: 12346: 12339: 12331: 12330: 12327: 12326: 12324: 12323: 12318: 12317: 12316: 12303: 12298: 12293: 12290: 12288: 12284: 12283: 12281: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12265: 12260: 12255: 12250: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12234: 12233: 12231:Urmonotheismus 12223: 12218: 12213: 12208: 12203: 12198: 12193: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12176: 12166: 12165: 12153: 12152: 12145: 12144: 12137: 12130: 12122: 12113: 12112: 12110: 12109: 12095: 12075: 12072: 12071: 12069: 12068: 12067: 12066: 12065: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12048:non-Christian 12046: 12045: 12044: 12039: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12004: 11997: 11990: 11985: 11978: 11973: 11968: 11961: 11956: 11951: 11944: 11939: 11938: 11937: 11932: 11927: 11922: 11917: 11906: 11904: 11898: 11897: 11895: 11894: 11889: 11888: 11887: 11882: 11872: 11867: 11862: 11857: 11852: 11851: 11850: 11840: 11839: 11838: 11833: 11823: 11818: 11817: 11816: 11806: 11805: 11804: 11794: 11789: 11788: 11787: 11782: 11771: 11769: 11763: 11762: 11760: 11759: 11754: 11749: 11747:Shulchan Aruch 11744: 11743: 11742: 11737: 11735:Sefer Yetzirah 11732: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11715:Pardes Rimonim 11712: 11705:Kabbalah texts 11702: 11701: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11675: 11674: 11673: 11668: 11663: 11649: 11643: 11641: 11635: 11634: 11632: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11601: 11596: 11595: 11594: 11589: 11584: 11583: 11582: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11551: 11550: 11545: 11544: 11543: 11538: 11517: 11515: 11509: 11508: 11506: 11505: 11500: 11498:Land of Israel 11495: 11494: 11493: 11483: 11478: 11473: 11472: 11471: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11450: 11449: 11439: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11423: 11422: 11411: 11409: 11403: 11402: 11400: 11399: 11394: 11393: 11392: 11391: 11390: 11385: 11384: 11383: 11376: 11374:Judeo-Alsatian 11366: 11365: 11364: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11327: 11322: 11317: 11312: 11307: 11302: 11301: 11300: 11295: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11239: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11226:Judeo-Hamedani 11223: 11218: 11213: 11203: 11201:Judaeo-Occitan 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11182: 11181: 11171: 11166: 11161: 11160: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11142:Jewish English 11139: 11134: 11133: 11132: 11131: 11130: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11073:Judaeo-Aramaic 11070: 11069: 11068: 11063: 11061:Judeo-Tunisian 11058: 11053: 11051:Judeo-Moroccan 11048: 11047: 11046: 11044:Judeo-Baghdadi 11031: 11026: 11021: 11020: 11019: 11014: 11009: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10948: 10946: 10934: 10933: 10930: 10929: 10927: 10926: 10925: 10924: 10923: 10922: 10912: 10911: 10910: 10900: 10895: 10893:Livornese Jews 10890: 10880: 10875: 10874: 10873: 10863: 10862: 10861: 10860: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10784: 10783: 10782: 10772: 10767: 10762: 10757: 10756: 10755: 10750: 10740: 10735: 10734: 10733: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10712: 10711: 10706: 10696: 10695: 10694: 10689: 10679: 10678: 10677: 10672: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10642: 10640:Afrikaner-Jode 10631: 10629: 10620: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10608: 10607: 10597: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10561: 10559: 10553: 10552: 10550: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10503: 10501: 10495: 10494: 10492: 10491: 10486: 10480: 10477: 10476: 10465: 10464: 10457: 10450: 10442: 10436: 10435: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10392: 10391:External links 10389: 10387: 10386: 10377: 10364: 10348: 10334: 10320: 10307: 10301: 10285: 10276: 10267: 10258: 10246: 10233: 10220: 10207: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10172: 10159: 10143: 10133: 10127: 10114: 10108: 10095: 10086: 10085: 10084: 10078: 10051: 10045: 10032: 10026: 10013: 10007: 9994: 9982: 9970: 9961: 9948: 9942: 9922: 9916: 9903: 9894: 9888: 9872: 9866: 9853: 9844: 9838: 9832:. Peter Lang. 9825: 9819: 9813:. J. Aronson. 9806: 9800: 9787: 9781: 9764: 9758:. Mahwah, NJ: 9751: 9745: 9728: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9692: 9661: 9639:(2): 209–223. 9613: 9609:Scholem (1962) 9601: 9588: 9572: 9560: 9531: 9515: 9490: 9483: 9455: 9425: 9400: 9375: 9371:Wolfson (1994) 9359: 9347: 9335: 9312: 9287: 9261: 9236: 9205: 9188:Hebrew Studies 9178: 9166: 9154: 9123: 9099:Gedaliah Nadel 9083: 9065: 9053: 9049:Scholem (1941) 9041: 9025:Herbert Weiner 9010: 8998: 8982: 8978:Scholem (1995) 8970: 8958: 8943: 8919:373 (Freimann) 8899: 8887: 8883:Wolfson (2006) 8875: 8866: 8856: 8844: 8835: 8815:"Sefer Kuzari" 8806: 8797: 8785: 8773: 8760: 8748: 8745:on 2012-08-28. 8726: 8709: 8692: 8656: 8631: 8627:Genesis Rabbah 8611: 8588: 8576:Scholem (1995) 8568: 8564:Wolfson (1994) 8556: 8539: 8526: 8514: 8489: 8473: 8464: 8452: 8427: 8414: 8398: 8394:Scholem (1974) 8383: 8380:on 2011-11-05. 8364: 8339: 8327: 8302: 8300:, p. 164. 8290: 8278: 8265: 8253: 8244: 8231: 8219: 8207: 8181: 8168: 8155: 8136: 8123: 8111: 8102: 8085: 8073: 8061: 8049: 8037: 8008: 7979: 7948:Jacobs, Joseph 7935: 7919: 7888: 7884:Scholem (1995) 7880:Scholem (1960) 7872: 7868:Scholem (1995) 7857: 7816: 7809: 7789:"Introduction" 7772: 7741: 7700:identify many 7658: 7628: 7590:Tetragrammaton 7541: 7537:Scholem (1974) 7518: 7502: 7443: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7399: 7398: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7369: 7368: 7362: 7356: 7348: 7342: 7336: 7330: 7324: 7318: 7317: 7301: 7298: 7274:Sefer Yetzirah 7216:Main article: 7213: 7210: 7194: 7191: 7165:Hillel Zeitlin 7153:Herbert Weiner 7133:Jewish Renewal 7107: 7106: 7042:. Please help 7028: 7026: 7019: 7013: 7010: 6990: 6987: 6983:Eduard Shyfrin 6920: 6917: 6913:Jewish studies 6889:Rosicrucianism 6871:A second, new 6860: 6857: 6738:Saul Lieberman 6705: 6702: 6672:Wars of Hashem 6631:Gedaliah Nadel 6525:medieval Spain 6496: 6493: 6468:occult matters 6379:Leon of Modena 6292:The Kabbalist 6182: 6181:Medieval views 6179: 6071: 6068: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6061: 6054: 6047: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6030: 6029: 6024: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5977: 5971: 5969:Related topics 5968: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5960: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5933: 5931:Bibliographies 5930: 5929: 5926: 5925: 5920: 5919: 5918: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5906: 5905: 5900: 5887: 5882: 5881: 5880: 5875: 5865: 5864: 5863: 5853: 5852: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5815: 5814: 5804: 5798: 5797: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5789: 5788: 5783: 5782: 5777: 5776: 5775: 5773:Book of Mormon 5765: 5760: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5747: 5744: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5734: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5692: 5691: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5677: 5676: 5674:Zoroastrianism 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5630: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5597: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5550: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5537: 5534: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5521: 5520: 5513: 5510: 5479:Talmudic sages 5455:Sefer Yetzirah 5445:Sefer ha-Razim 5429: 5426: 5390:Elliot Wolfson 5316:Main article: 5313: 5310: 5302:Nefesh HaChaim 5290:Pardes Rimonim 5262:Sefer Yetzirah 5251: 170 BCE 5237:oral tradition 5213:Main article: 5210: 5207: 5183:Deconstruction 5143:existentialist 5090: 5087: 5057:), and whole ( 5000: 4997: 4939:parapsychology 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4835:Deconstruction 4756: 4755: 4710: 4708: 4701: 4695: 4692: 4617:Main article: 4614: 4611: 4600:Main article: 4597: 4594: 4593: 4592: 4586: 4580: 4574: 4566: 4524: 4521: 4496:harmonia mundi 4480: 4477: 4364: 4363:Origin of evil 4361: 4274:chain of being 4255: 4252: 4201:Main article: 4198: 4195: 4164:of Adornment ( 4113: 4110: 4079: 4076: 4041:Main article: 4038: 4035: 3998:Archetypal Man 3948:(the Ein Sof) 3926:Atzmus Ein Sof 3922:Divine essence 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3767: 3764: 3741:Sefer Yetzirah 3710: 3709: 3685: 3658: 3581: 3580: 3536: 3509: 3469: 3438:, 'orchard'): 3392: 3389: 3326:Book of Daniel 3300: 3299: 3297: 3296: 3289: 3282: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3265: 3264: 3261: 3259:Academic study 3255: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3248: 3243: 3237: 3234: 3233: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3202:1280s–1400s CE 3200: 3194: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3187: 3182: 3176: 3173: 3172: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3159: 3157:Sefer Yetzirah 3153: 3152: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3139: 3129: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3122: 3117: 3111: 3108: 3107: 3104: 3098: 3097: 3094: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3079: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3063: 3062: 3052: 3051: 3002: 3000: 2993: 2984:Main article: 2981: 2978: 2966:Sefer Yetzirah 2960:Sefer Yetzirah 2939:Pardes Rimonim 2921:Judaic studies 2602: 2601: 2599: 2598: 2591: 2584: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2442:Rosicrucianism 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2413: 2410: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2345: 2344: 2333: 2331:Esoteric rites 2330: 2329: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2319:Traditionalism 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2245: 2242: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2229: 2228: 2224: 2223: 2209: 2208: 2206: 2205: 2198: 2191: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2162: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2106: 2103:Related topics 2102: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2071: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2041: 2038: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1997: 1993:Major holidays 1991: 1990: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1982: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1949:Birkat Hamazon 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1913: 1912: 1909: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1893: 1892: 1891: 1890: 1883: 1876: 1869: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1815: 1812:Ritual objects 1811: 1810: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1784: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1752: 1742: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1659: 1658: 1657: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1633:Rabbinic sages 1628: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1606: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1567: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1539:Chevra kadisha 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1514: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1492: 1482: 1481: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1435:Shulchan Aruch 1432: 1427: 1421: 1415: 1414: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1376: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1329: 1323: 1322: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1311:Musar movement 1308: 1307: 1306: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1270: 1264: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1228: 1227: 1222: 1221: 1220: 1209: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1182: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1150: 1149: 1143: 1142: 1130: 1129: 1127: 1126: 1119: 1112: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1046:God in Judaism 1040: 1039: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1032: 1030:Jewish studies 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 955: 954: 953: 948: 943: 938: 936:Ruach HaKodesh 933: 928: 923: 915: 914: 908: 905: 904: 901: 900: 895: 894: 893: 892: 886: 885: 880: 875: 867: 866: 862: 861: 860: 859: 854: 849: 841: 840: 836: 835: 834: 833: 831:Chaim Volozhin 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 806:Shalom Sharabi 803: 798: 793: 788: 780: 779: 775: 774: 773: 772: 770:Abraham Azulai 767: 759: 758: 754: 753: 752: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 708: 707: 703: 702: 698: 697: 696: 695: 687: 686: 682: 681: 680: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 651: 650: 646: 645: 644: 643: 638: 630: 629: 625: 624: 623: 622: 617: 609: 608: 602: 597: 596: 593: 592: 589: 588: 583: 581:Rosicrucianism 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 551:Tikkun Chatzot 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 492: 489: 488: 485: 484: 479: 478: 477: 476: 475: 474: 457: 450: 443: 442: 441: 433: 432: 428: 427: 426: 425: 420: 415: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 368: 367: 363: 362: 355: 354: 353: 348: 343: 331: 324: 323: 322: 310: 305: 298: 291: 290: 289: 284: 279: 274: 264: 263: 259: 258: 257: 256: 251: 248:Sefer Yetzirah 244: 239: 231: 230: 224: 219: 218: 215: 214: 211: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 143:Tohu and Tikun 140: 135: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 69: 66: 65: 62: 61: 53: 52: 46: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13199: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13154: 13152: 13139: 13135: 13129: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13107: 13106: 13104: 13102: 13098: 13092: 13089: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13081:Denominations 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13068: 13066: 13064: 13060: 13054: 13053:Last Judgment 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13031: 13029: 13025: 13022: 13021: 13019: 13017: 13013: 13007: 13004: 13002: 12999: 12998: 12996: 12994: 12990: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12946: 12944: 12941: 12939: 12936: 12934: 12931: 12929: 12926: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12916: 12914: 12911: 12909: 12906: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12891: 12890: 12888: 12886: 12882: 12878: 12871: 12867: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12820: 12814: 12813:Unmoved mover 12811: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12756: 12752: 12751: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12714:Binitarianism 12712: 12710: 12706: 12703: 12702: 12700: 12696: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12680: 12677: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12656: 12654: 12652: 12648: 12638: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12604: 12602: 12598: 12592: 12588: 12585: 12581: 12578: 12577: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12562: 12560: 12558: 12554: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12508: 12505: 12503: 12500: 12498: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12489: 12487: 12485: 12481: 12470: 12466: 12462: 12459: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12449: 12448: 12446: 12442: 12436: 12435:Supreme Being 12433: 12431: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12412: 12410: 12406: 12400: 12397: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12382: 12380: 12377: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12354: 12353: 12350: 12349: 12347: 12343: 12340: 12336: 12332: 12322: 12319: 12315: 12312: 12311: 12310: 12307: 12306:Gender of God 12304: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12291: 12289: 12285: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12259: 12256: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12236: 12232: 12229: 12228: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12211:Kathenotheism 12209: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12186: 12184: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12171: 12167: 12163: 12158: 12154: 12150: 12143: 12138: 12136: 12131: 12129: 12124: 12123: 12120: 12108: 12107: 12096: 12094: 12093: 12084: 12083: 12082: 12078: 12073: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12049: 12047: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12032:Protestantism 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12014: 12013: 12010: 12009: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12002: 11998: 11996: 11995: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11983: 11979: 11977: 11974: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11966: 11962: 11960: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11949: 11945: 11943: 11940: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11912: 11911: 11908: 11907: 11905: 11903: 11899: 11893: 11890: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11877: 11876: 11873: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11853: 11849: 11846: 11845: 11844: 11841: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11828: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11815: 11812: 11811: 11810: 11807: 11803: 11800: 11799: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11777: 11776: 11773: 11772: 11770: 11768: 11764: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11748: 11745: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11720:Sefer HaBahir 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11707: 11706: 11703: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11680: 11679: 11676: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11658: 11657: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11647:Sifrei Kodesh 11645: 11644: 11642: 11640: 11636: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11581: 11578: 11577: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11549: 11546: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11533: 11532: 11529: 11528: 11527: 11524: 11523: 11522: 11519: 11518: 11516: 11514: 11510: 11504: 11503:Who is a Jew? 11501: 11499: 11496: 11492: 11489: 11488: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11470: 11467: 11466: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11448: 11445: 11444: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11432:Chosen people 11430: 11428: 11425: 11421: 11418: 11417: 11416: 11413: 11412: 11410: 11408: 11404: 11398: 11395: 11389: 11388:Scots-Yiddish 11386: 11382: 11381: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11371: 11370: 11367: 11363: 11362: 11361:Klezmer-loshn 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11342: 11341: 11338: 11337: 11336: 11333: 11332: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11290: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11231:Judeo-Shirazi 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11208: 11207: 11206:Judeo-Persian 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11196:Judeo-Marathi 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11180: 11177: 11176: 11175: 11174:Judeo-Italian 11172: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11144: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11129: 11126: 11125: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11075: 11074: 11071: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11045: 11042: 11041: 11040: 11037: 11036: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11029:Judeo-Amazigh 11027: 11025: 11022: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10954: 10953: 10950: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10939: 10935: 10921: 10918: 10917: 10916: 10913: 10909: 10906: 10905: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10885: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10872: 10869: 10868: 10867: 10864: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10852:Hadhrami Jews 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10839: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10817:Mountain Jews 10815: 10813: 10812:Egyptian Jews 10810: 10808: 10807:Bukharan Jews 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10789: 10788: 10785: 10781: 10778: 10777: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10745: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10732: 10729: 10728: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10701: 10700: 10697: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10684: 10683: 10680: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10637: 10636: 10633: 10632: 10630: 10628: 10624: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10606: 10603: 10602: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10595:Lists of Jews 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10563: 10562: 10560: 10558: 10554: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10504: 10502: 10500: 10496: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10481: 10478: 10474: 10470: 10463: 10458: 10456: 10451: 10449: 10444: 10443: 10440: 10433: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10394: 10383: 10378: 10374: 10370: 10365: 10361: 10357: 10353: 10349: 10345: 10344: 10339: 10335: 10331: 10327: 10323: 10317: 10313: 10308: 10304: 10298: 10295:. S. Weiser. 10294: 10290: 10289:Kaplan, Aryeh 10286: 10282: 10277: 10273: 10268: 10264: 10259: 10255: 10251: 10247: 10243: 10239: 10234: 10230: 10227:. Woodstock: 10226: 10221: 10217: 10213: 10208: 10204: 10200: 10196: 10192: 10191: 10186: 10182: 10181: 10169: 10165: 10160: 10156: 10153:. Princeton: 10152: 10148: 10144: 10142:5 volume set. 10139: 10134: 10130: 10124: 10120: 10115: 10111: 10105: 10101: 10096: 10092: 10087: 10081: 10075: 10071: 10066: 10065: 10062: 10061: 10056: 10052: 10048: 10042: 10038: 10033: 10029: 10023: 10019: 10014: 10010: 10004: 10000: 9995: 9991: 9987: 9986:Kaplan, Aryeh 9983: 9979: 9975: 9974:Jacobs, Louis 9971: 9967: 9962: 9958: 9954: 9949: 9945: 9939: 9935: 9931: 9927: 9923: 9919: 9913: 9909: 9904: 9900: 9895: 9891: 9885: 9881: 9877: 9876:Green, Arthur 9873: 9869: 9863: 9860:. Gal Einai. 9859: 9854: 9850: 9845: 9841: 9835: 9831: 9826: 9822: 9816: 9812: 9807: 9803: 9797: 9793: 9788: 9784: 9778: 9774: 9770: 9765: 9761: 9760:Paulist Press 9757: 9752: 9748: 9742: 9738: 9734: 9730: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9723: 9718: 9714: 9709: 9708:public domain 9680: 9676: 9672: 9665: 9650: 9646: 9642: 9638: 9634: 9627: 9620: 9618: 9610: 9605: 9598: 9592: 9585: 9581: 9576: 9569: 9564: 9549: 9545: 9541: 9535: 9528: 9524: 9519: 9504: 9500: 9494: 9486: 9480: 9476: 9472: 9471: 9466: 9459: 9443: 9439: 9435: 9429: 9414: 9410: 9404: 9389: 9385: 9379: 9372: 9368: 9363: 9356: 9351: 9344: 9343:Kaplan (1995) 9339: 9332: 9328: 9324: 9321: 9316: 9302:on 2010-04-23 9301: 9297: 9291: 9276: 9272: 9265: 9250: 9246: 9240: 9226:on 2021-08-18 9222: 9215: 9209: 9201: 9197: 9193: 9189: 9182: 9175: 9170: 9163: 9158: 9151: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9136: 9132: 9127: 9112: 9108: 9104: 9100: 9096: 9092: 9087: 9081: 9075: 9069: 9062: 9061:Giller (2011) 9057: 9050: 9045: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9022: 9020: 9014: 9007: 9006:Giller (2011) 9002: 8995: 8991: 8990:Jacobs (1995) 8986: 8980:, p. 24. 8979: 8974: 8967: 8966:Jacobs (1995) 8962: 8955: 8954:Jacobs (1995) 8950: 8948: 8939: 8935: 8931: 8927: 8923: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8909: 8903: 8896: 8895:Emunot v'Deot 8891: 8884: 8879: 8870: 8860: 8853: 8848: 8839: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8810: 8801: 8794: 8789: 8783:, p. 17. 8782: 8777: 8770: 8764: 8758:, p. 28. 8757: 8752: 8744: 8740: 8736: 8735:"Daniel Matt" 8730: 8724: 8720: 8717: 8713: 8706: 8702: 8696: 8690: 8686: 8682: 8678: 8674: 8670: 8669:Sabbatai Zevi 8666: 8665:Baal Shem Tov 8660: 8645: 8641: 8635: 8628: 8624: 8620: 8615: 8608: 8604: 8600: 8597: 8592: 8585: 8581: 8577: 8572: 8565: 8560: 8553: 8548: 8546: 8544: 8536: 8530: 8523: 8518: 8503: 8499: 8493: 8486: 8485:Kaplan (1995) 8482: 8481:Kaplan (1990) 8477: 8468: 8461: 8456: 8441: 8437: 8431: 8423: 8418: 8411: 8407: 8402: 8395: 8390: 8388: 8379: 8375: 8368: 8353: 8349: 8343: 8337:, chs. 20–21. 8336: 8331: 8316: 8312: 8306: 8299: 8298:Laenen (2001) 8294: 8287: 8282: 8275: 8269: 8262: 8257: 8248: 8241: 8235: 8228: 8227:Jacobs (1995) 8223: 8216: 8211: 8196: 8192: 8185: 8178: 8172: 8165: 8159: 8152: 8151: 8146: 8145:Shem Mashmaon 8140: 8133: 8127: 8120: 8119:Kaplan (2011) 8115: 8106: 8099: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8083:, p. 31. 8082: 8077: 8070: 8065: 8059:, p. 31. 8058: 8053: 8046: 8041: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8012: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7983: 7967: 7963: 7959: 7958: 7953: 7949: 7945: 7944:Broydé, Isaac 7939: 7932: 7928: 7923: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7892: 7885: 7881: 7876: 7869: 7864: 7862: 7845: 7841: 7837: 7836: 7831: 7827: 7820: 7812: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7794: 7790: 7786: 7782: 7776: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7753: 7750: 7745: 7738: 7736: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7716: 7712: 7703: 7699: 7686: 7682: 7678: 7674: 7667: 7665: 7663: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7632: 7625: 7623: 7619: 7615: 7611: 7607: 7603: 7599: 7595: 7591: 7587: 7586: 7580: 7576: 7564: 7560: 7559: 7554: 7548: 7546: 7538: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7527: 7525: 7523: 7515: 7511: 7506: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7481: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7454: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7417: 7413: 7395: 7391: 7387: 7384:Originally a 7381: 7377: 7366: 7363: 7360: 7357: 7354: 7353: 7349: 7346: 7343: 7340: 7337: 7334: 7333:Ayin and Yesh 7331: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7319: 7315: 7304: 7297: 7295: 7294:Sefer HaRazim 7291: 7287: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7250: 7247: 7243: 7237: 7235: 7231: 7229: 7228:Cathar heresy 7225: 7219: 7208: 7203: 7201: 7190: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7176: 7172: 7171: 7166: 7162: 7158: 7154: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7122: 7118: 7114: 7103: 7092: 7089: 7085: 7082: 7078: 7075: 7071: 7068: 7064: 7061: – 7060: 7056: 7055:Find sources: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7035: 7034: 7033:single source 7029:This section 7027: 7023: 7018: 7017: 7008: 7003: 7000: 6996: 6986: 6984: 6980: 6974: 6969: 6967: 6963: 6961: 6960:Warren Kenton 6957: 6956: 6951: 6948: 6944: 6943: 6938: 6936: 6935:Baruch Ashlag 6931: 6930: 6925: 6916: 6914: 6910: 6905: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6877: 6874: 6869: 6865: 6856: 6853: 6847: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6804: 6799: 6795: 6791: 6790: 6785: 6781: 6778:, as was the 6777: 6774: 6770: 6769: 6762: 6757: 6755: 6751: 6748:According to 6746: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6719: 6715: 6712:A version of 6710: 6701: 6699: 6695: 6694:communities. 6693: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6665: 6661: 6657: 6655: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6603: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6569: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6542:reincarnation 6538: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6506: 6501: 6492: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6476: 6471: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6453: 6449: 6447: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6421: 6417: 6414: 6410: 6409:God's Essence 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6389: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6358: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6340: 6337:expressed by 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6301:Gevuras Aryeh 6298: 6295: 6290: 6288: 6287:Mishneh Torah 6284: 6280: 6276: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6264: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6245: 6240: 6238: 6234: 6230: 6225: 6224: 6215: 6210: 6203: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6178: 6174: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6159:New Testament 6156: 6151: 6149: 6145: 6144:Abraham Yagel 6141: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6122:The works of 6120: 6118: 6114: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6100: 6095: 6093: 6092:Yehuda Halevi 6089: 6088: 6083: 6079: 6078: 6060: 6055: 6053: 6048: 6046: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6037: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6019: 6018: 6017:Superstitions 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5972: 5966: 5965: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5934: 5928: 5927: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5895: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5869: 5866: 5862: 5859: 5858: 5857: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5813: 5810: 5809: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5791: 5790: 5781: 5778: 5774: 5771: 5770: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5742: 5741: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5685: 5684: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5614: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5602: 5601: 5598: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5573:Protestantism 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5555: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5532: 5531: 5528: 5523: 5522: 5518: 5517: 5509: 5507: 5503: 5498: 5494: 5493: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5467: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5456: 5451: 5447: 5446: 5441: 5440: 5435: 5425: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5410:phenomenology 5405: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5386:Lawrence Fine 5383: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5366:Yehuda Liebes 5363: 5359: 5358:Isaiah Tishby 5355: 5350: 5348: 5344: 5343: 5338: 5334: 5329: 5325: 5319: 5309: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5286: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5258: 5256: 5245: 5240: 5238: 5230: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5209:Primary texts 5206: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5086: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5035: 5031: 5029: 5024: 5020: 5019: 5014: 5010: 5006: 4996: 4994: 4993:psychological 4990: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4884: 4880: 4877:has opened a 4876: 4872: 4868: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4842: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4823: 4820: 4814: 4812: 4806: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4752: 4749: 4741: 4731: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4714: 4709: 4700: 4699: 4691: 4688: 4682: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4663: 4658: 4654: 4653: 4647: 4643: 4642: 4634: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4610: 4608: 4607:Reincarnation 4603: 4596:Reincarnation 4590: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4578: 4575: 4572: 4571: 4567: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4558: 4557: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4534: 4529: 4520: 4517: 4513: 4508: 4506: 4501: 4497: 4489: 4485: 4476: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4450:Kings of Edom 4447: 4443: 4439: 4438:Tree of Death 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4394: 4392: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4373: 4369: 4360: 4358: 4353: 4350: 4345: 4343: 4339: 4338: 4333: 4332: 4327: 4326: 4321: 4320: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4296:panentheistic 4293: 4289: 4288: 4283: 4280:described by 4279: 4275: 4271: 4265: 4261: 4251: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4219: 4214: 4210: 4204: 4194: 4192: 4188: 4187:Tomer Devorah 4184: 4180: 4176: 4175: 4174:Tomer Devorah 4169: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4150: 4145: 4144: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4126: 4118: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4034: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4022: 4017: 4016: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3965: 3963: 3956: 3954: 3953: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3924:(termed also 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3872: 3868: 3861: 3856: 3842: 3839: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3821:Age of Reason 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3790: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3773: 3763: 3760: 3759: 3753: 3748: 3747:Berit Menuhah 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3721: 3719: 3715: 3707: 3702: 3701:white-magical 3698: 3694: 3691:tradition of 3690: 3686: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3674:Isaac of Acre 3671: 3667: 3664:tradition of 3663: 3659: 3656: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3578: 3541: 3537: 3534: 3529: 3514: 3510: 3507: 3503: 3474: 3470: 3447: 3446: 3441: 3440: 3439: 3427: 3426: 3420: 3416: 3411: 3410: 3402: 3398: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3377: 3372: 3371: 3366: 3363:, founded by 3362: 3357: 3355: 3354:Moses de León 3350: 3349: 3344: 3343: 3337: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3307: 3295: 3290: 3288: 3283: 3281: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3272: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3235: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3191: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3174: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3138: 3134: 3131: 3130: 3126: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3112: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3099: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3081: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3048: 3045: 3037: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3013: 3012: 3008: 3003:This section 3001: 2997: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2977: 2975: 2974:late medieval 2971: 2967: 2962: 2961: 2955: 2950: 2949: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2901: 2900: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2877: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2832: 2831: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2809: 2808: 2803: 2802: 2797: 2796: 2790: 2785: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2729: 2725: 2724: 2710: 2656: 2652: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2628: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2597: 2592: 2590: 2585: 2583: 2578: 2577: 2575: 2574: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2414: 2408: 2407: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2343: 2342:Body of light 2340: 2339: 2338: 2335: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2225: 2221: 2220: 2215: 2214: 2204: 2199: 2197: 2192: 2190: 2185: 2184: 2182: 2181: 2176: 2166: 2165: 2164: 2163: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2099: 2098: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2046: 2040: 2039: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 2001:Rosh Hashanah 1999: 1998: 1994: 1988: 1987: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1917: 1911: 1910: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1889: 1888: 1884: 1882: 1881: 1877: 1875: 1874: 1870: 1868: 1867: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1808: 1807: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1786: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1739: 1738: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1558: 1557: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1479: 1478: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1425:Mishneh Torah 1423: 1422: 1418: 1412: 1411: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1330: 1326: 1320: 1319: 1312: 1309: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1267: 1261: 1260: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1205: 1202: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1179: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1162: 1156: 1152: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1125: 1120: 1118: 1113: 1111: 1106: 1105: 1103: 1102: 1091: 1090:Primary texts 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1075: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 962: 960: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 918: 917: 916: 912: 911: 903: 902: 891: 888: 887: 884: 881: 879: 878:Yehuda Ashlag 876: 874: 871: 870: 869: 868: 864: 863: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 844: 843: 842: 838: 837: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 791:Baal Shem Tov 789: 787: 784: 783: 782: 781: 777: 776: 771: 768: 766: 763: 762: 761: 760: 756: 755: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 729:Moshe Alshich 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 711: 710: 709: 705: 704: 700: 699: 694: 691: 690: 689: 688: 684: 683: 678: 675: 673: 672:Moses de Leon 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 654: 653: 652: 648: 647: 642: 639: 637: 634: 633: 632: 631: 627: 626: 621: 618: 616: 613: 612: 611: 610: 606: 605: 600: 595: 594: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 493: 487: 486: 473: 470: 469: 468: 465: 464: 462: 455: 448: 440: 437: 436: 435: 434: 430: 429: 424: 421: 419: 416: 414: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 371: 370: 369: 365: 364: 360: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 338: 336: 329: 321: 318: 317: 315: 308: 303: 296: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 272: 268: 267: 266: 265: 261: 260: 255: 252: 250: 249: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 234: 233: 232: 228: 227: 222: 217: 216: 209: 206: 204: 201: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 88:Ayin and Yesh 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 74: 71: 70: 64: 63: 59: 55: 54: 51: 48: 47: 43: 39: 38: 33: 19: 13085: 12948:Hamartiology 12933:Ecclesiology 12923:Pneumatology 12832:Christianity 12823:Names of God 12798:Philo's view 12788:Personal god 12768:Great Spirit 12707: / 12664:Christianity 12522:Perichoresis 12425:Emanationism 12367:Christianity 12357:Baháʼí Faith 12335:Singular god 12308: 12268:Spiritualism 12097: 12090: 12076: 11999: 11992: 11980: 11963: 11946: 11780:perspectives 11614:Samaritanism 11575:Neo-Hasidism 11555:Conservative 11485: 11469:Names of God 11378: 11359: 11169:Judaeo-Greek 11164:Judeo-Gascon 11103:Lishán Didán 11098:Lishana Deni 11066:Judeo-Yemeni 11034:Judeo-Arabic 10908:Meshuchrarim 10827:Persian Jews 10760:Kurdish Jews 10738:Kaifeng Jews 10687:Beta Abraham 10650:Galitzianers 10605:Antisemitism 10580:Israeli Jews 10565:Assimilation 10381: 10371:. Berkeley: 10368: 10358:. New York: 10355: 10342: 10338:Vital, Chaim 10311: 10292: 10280: 10271: 10262: 10253: 10237: 10224: 10214:. New York: 10211: 10194: 10188: 10163: 10150: 10137: 10118: 10102:. Schocken. 10099: 10090: 10069: 10058: 10036: 10017: 9998: 9989: 9977: 9965: 9955:. New York: 9952: 9929: 9907: 9898: 9879: 9867:965-7146-119 9857: 9851:. Continuum. 9848: 9829: 9810: 9791: 9771:. New York: 9768: 9755: 9736: 9720: 9700: 9683:. Retrieved 9674: 9664: 9653:. Retrieved 9636: 9632: 9604: 9596: 9591: 9579: 9575: 9563: 9552:. Retrieved 9543: 9534: 9518: 9507:. Retrieved 9493: 9469: 9458: 9446:. Retrieved 9438:kabbalah.com 9437: 9428: 9417:. Retrieved 9403: 9392:. Retrieved 9378: 9362: 9350: 9338: 9330: 9315: 9304:. Retrieved 9300:the original 9290: 9279:. Retrieved 9264: 9253:. Retrieved 9239: 9228:. Retrieved 9221:the original 9208: 9191: 9187: 9181: 9173: 9169: 9161: 9157: 9140: 9134: 9126: 9113:?, p. יב ): 9110: 9103:Marc Shapiro 9086: 9074:Ovadia Yosef 9068: 9056: 9044: 9032: 9017: 9013: 9001: 8985: 8973: 8961: 8933: 8902: 8890: 8878: 8869: 8859: 8847: 8838: 8827:. Retrieved 8818: 8809: 8800: 8793:Green (2004) 8788: 8776: 8763: 8751: 8743:the original 8738: 8729: 8712: 8695: 8684: 8676: 8659: 8648:. Retrieved 8634: 8626: 8622: 8618: 8614: 8606: 8591: 8571: 8559: 8535:Or Ha-Hammah 8534: 8529: 8517: 8506:. Retrieved 8492: 8476: 8467: 8455: 8444:. Retrieved 8430: 8417: 8405: 8401: 8378:the original 8367: 8356:. Retrieved 8342: 8330: 8319:. Retrieved 8305: 8293: 8285: 8281: 8273: 8268: 8263:, p. 6. 8256: 8247: 8239: 8234: 8222: 8210: 8199:. Retrieved 8194: 8184: 8176: 8171: 8164:Yechveh Daat 8163: 8158: 8148: 8144: 8139: 8131: 8126: 8114: 8105: 8076: 8069:Idel (1988b) 8064: 8052: 8040: 8029:. Retrieved 8020: 8011: 8000:. Retrieved 7991: 7982: 7970:. Retrieved 7955: 7938: 7930: 7926: 7922: 7910:. Retrieved 7901: 7891: 7875: 7848:. Retrieved 7833: 7819: 7792: 7775: 7744: 7696: 7689:. Retrieved 7676: 7649:. Retrieved 7640: 7631: 7620:is found in 7617: 7616:). The term 7613: 7609: 7583: 7574: 7573: 7567:. Retrieved 7556: 7539:, p. 6. 7505: 7493:. Retrieved 7478: 7434:. Retrieved 7425: 7416: 7380: 7351: 7292:is found in 7252: 7239: 7232: 7221: 7205: 7196: 7187:Aryeh Kaplan 7182: 7168: 7145:Arthur Green 7121:Conservative 7113:Neo-Hasidism 7110: 7097: 7087: 7080: 7073: 7066: 7054: 7030: 7005: 6992: 6978: 6976: 6971: 6965: 6964: 6953: 6952: 6940: 6939: 6927: 6926: 6922: 6906: 6878: 6873:universalist 6870: 6866: 6862: 6849: 6844: 6840: 6823: 6801: 6797: 6794:Anim Zemirot 6793: 6787: 6783: 6780:B'rikh Shmeh 6779: 6775: 6772: 6768:Anim Zemirot 6766: 6764: 6759: 6747: 6734:Yedid Nefesh 6733: 6729: 6723: 6696: 6676:neo-platonic 6671: 6660:Yiḥyeh Qafeḥ 6658: 6639: 6600: 6592: 6570: 6510: 6472: 6450: 6441: 6437: 6426:Yaakov Emden 6424: 6416:Divine names 6404: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6386: 6377: 6369: 6365: 6359: 6322: 6319:Saadiah Gaon 6313: 6300: 6291: 6283:Aristotelean 6272: 6263:Shi'ur Qomah 6261: 6248: 6241: 6221: 6219: 6175: 6152: 6132:Italian Jews 6121: 6115: 6103: 6096: 6085: 6075: 6073: 5937:Christianity 5807:Christianity 5553:Christianity 5543:Baháˈí Faith 5490: 5487:Arthur Green 5468: 5453: 5443: 5437: 5431: 5418:anthropology 5406: 5398:Louis Jacobs 5382:Arthur Green 5370:Rachel Elior 5351: 5340: 5321: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5289: 5283: 5279: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5259: 5241: 5234: 5195:Tree of Life 5167:metaphysical 5092: 5033: 5026: 5016: 5002: 4995:engagement. 4961: 4954: 4951:hagiographic 4911: 4908:Theosophical 4907: 4900:Hebrew Bible 4867:Theosophical 4853: 4838: 4824: 4816: 4810: 4808: 4803:Tree of Life 4790: 4759: 4744: 4735: 4716: 4683: 4670: 4666: 4660: 4656: 4650: 4645: 4639: 4638: 4605: 4588: 4582: 4576: 4568: 4560: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4538: 4509: 4495: 4493: 4426:Tree of life 4424:), from the 4395: 4384: 4380: 4377: 4357:Chabad texts 4346: 4335: 4329: 4323: 4317: 4311: 4285: 4267: 4216: 4206: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4170: 4161: 4153: 4147: 4141: 4137: 4129: 4127: 4123: 4108: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4081: 4074: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4058: 4019: 4013: 4006:613 channels 3982:Names of God 3967: 3961: 3958: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3925: 3909: 3907: 3890: 3884: 3877:transcendent 3874: 3859: 3793: 3788: 3722: 3711: 3645: 3595: 3593: 3582: 3577:metaphysical 3404: 3374: 3368: 3358: 3346: 3340: 3338: 3311: 3303: 3179: 3096:800–400s BCE 3040: 3031: 3016:Please help 3004: 2965: 2952:. The early 2925: 2878: 2870:Hebrew Bible 2862:sacred texts 2856: 2828: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2769: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2630:Kabbalistic 2384:Propitiation 2278: 2243:Key concepts 2218: 2135:Anti-Judaism 2130:Antisemitism 2075:Samaritanism 2053:Christianity 1954:Shehecheyanu 1885: 1878: 1871: 1864: 1859:Four species 1766:Pidyon haben 1720:Rosh yeshiva 1631: 1524:Beth midrash 1470:Noahide laws 1278: 1213:Conservative 959:on the Bible 852:Ben Ish Chai 821:Nathan Adler 445:Mysticism in 411: / 366:Early modern 306: 295:on the Bible 269: 246: 108:Tree of Life 49: 13182:Panentheism 13006:Krishnology 12983:Soteriology 12938:Eschatology 12918:Christology 12783:Open theism 12739:Exotheology 12637:Zoroastrian 12600:By religion 12557:Eschatology 12512:Homoiousian 12465:Ahura Mazda 12243:Panentheism 12206:Hermeticism 12022:Catholicism 11604:Hellenistic 11442:Eschatology 11380:Lachoudisch 11305:Lotegorisch 11283:Lachoudisch 11273:Koiné Greek 11186:Judeo-Latin 11123:Palestinian 11017:Palestinian 10866:Mustaʿravim 10792:Afghan Jews 10780:Berber Jews 10704:Bene Israel 10692:Falash Mura 10682:Beta Israel 10600:Persecution 10542:Middle Ages 10432:Devekut.com 10250:Idel, Moshe 10240:. Detroit: 10185:Dan, Joseph 10063:. Schocken. 9926:Idel, Moshe 9733:Dan, Joseph 9697:Works cited 9685:10 February 9527:Drob (2000) 9523:Drob (1999) 9367:Idel (1988) 8930:Yosef Qafih 8756:Idel (1995) 8701:Idel (1988) 8675:. Cited in 8673:Jacob Frank 8552:Drob (2009) 8524:, p. . 8197:. Jpost.com 8057:Idel (1995) 7931:Toldot Adam 7731:Isaac Luria 7651:19 November 7624:after 1200. 7512:, pp. 7436:19 November 7012:Neo-Hasidic 6947:Philip Berg 6929:Bnei Baruch 6893:Golden Dawn 6885:Freemasonry 6810:, both the 6798:Lekhah Dodi 6714:Lekhah Dodi 6645:Neo-Hasidic 6562:Cordoverian 6548:and in the 6521:metaphysics 6489:Ibn Gabirol 6479:Maimonidean 6335:Panentheism 6329:Oneness of 6297:Nachmanides 6244:Saadia Gaon 6237:Ohr Ein Sof 6233:Isaac Luria 6128:Renaissance 5957:Scientology 5889:By country 5856:Persecution 5706:Ellen White 5659:Scientology 5654:Neopaganism 5535:By religion 5502:Isaac Luria 5394:Daniel Matt 5312:Scholarship 5175:Tikkun olam 5063:Panentheism 5043:Adam Kadmon 5013:dialectical 4955:Praises of 4941:abilities, 4778:hermeneutic 4730:introducing 4662:Tikkun olam 4516:613 mitzvot 4505:Joseph Karo 4488:Joseph Karo 4479:Role of Man 4465:Panentheism 4442:Adam Belial 4406:Adam Kadmon 4381:Sitra Achra 4337:Adam Kadmon 4260:Four Worlds 4158:golden mean 3994:Divine Tree 3886:Ein/Ayn Sof 3796:Renaissance 3789:Shaarei Ora 3786:Gikatilla's 3415:Torah study 3365:Isaac Luria 3106:300–100 BCE 2905:Isaac Luria 2632:prayer book 2432:Golden Dawn 2427:Freemasonry 2289:Metaphysics 2274:Hermeticism 2227:Esotericism 1819:Sefer Torah 1781:Bereavement 1761:Zeved habat 1544:Holy Temple 1484:Holy cities 1218:Conservadox 744:Chaim Vital 739:Isaac Luria 719:Joseph Karo 496:Torah study 472:James Lees' 307:Renaissance 208:Panentheism 98:Four Worlds 13151:Categories 13091:Philosophy 12978:Sophiology 12958:Philosophy 12953:Messianism 12913:Paterology 12517:Hypostasis 12507:Homoousian 12338:theologies 12278:Theopanism 12263:Polytheism 12226:Monotheism 12201:Henotheism 12017:Anabaptism 11959:Jew (word) 11826:Leadership 11639:Literature 11624:Secularism 11570:Humanistic 11437:Conversion 11407:Philosophy 11248:Judeo-Urdu 11012:Babylonian 10857:Saada Jews 10842:Adeni Jews 10635:Ashkenazim 10590:Samaritans 10557:Population 10512:Israelites 10190:AJS Review 10166:. Oxford: 9957:SUNY Press 9655:2022-05-06 9554:2022-02-20 9509:2015-09-27 9499:"Kabbalah" 9419:2015-09-27 9394:2015-09-27 9355:Dan (2007) 9306:2009-01-13 9281:2015-09-27 9273:. Scribd. 9255:2015-09-27 9230:2021-08-18 8908:117 (Blau) 8864:p.244-268. 8829:2018-02-09 8769:Dan (1999) 8683:, quoting 8650:2015-09-27 8522:Dan (2007) 8508:2018-02-01 8460:Dan (2007) 8446:2020-03-08 8358:2015-09-27 8321:2020-02-07 8215:Dan (2007) 8201:2015-09-27 8045:Dan (2007) 8031:2015-09-27 8002:2019-03-18 7972:26 October 7912:25 October 7850:23 October 7781:Huss, Boaz 7691:25 October 7569:2018-10-23 7510:Dan (2007) 7495:23 October 7422:"קַבָּלָה" 7404:References 7345:Gnosticism 7070:newspapers 7059:"Kabbalah" 6773:Sim Shalom 6615:Lithuanian 6533:postmodern 6464:Maimonides 6452:Vilna Gaon 6347:immanently 6327:Monotheist 6250:Maimonides 6198:Maimonides 5878:In Judaism 5644:Monotheism 5471:Oral Torah 5414:psychology 5374:Moshe Idel 5362:Joseph Dan 5298:Etz Chayim 5199:antinomian 5123:meditation 5111:psychology 5103:philosophy 5009:psychology 5005:philosophy 4871:Moshe Idel 4713:references 4458:Genesis 36 4270:emanations 4248:psychology 4213:hypostatic 4191:Musar text 4132:plural of 3932:reads the 3899:mystically 3895:immanently 3865:See also: 3770:See also: 3662:Meditative 3642:Maimonides 3620:Moshe Idel 3608:Meditative 3395:See also: 3391:Traditions 3161:200–600 CE 2614:on paper. 2551:Pythagoras 2546:Paracelsus 2422:Élus Coëns 2379:Meditation 2374:Invocation 2369:Initiation 2349:Divination 2006:Yom Kippur 1549:Tabernacle 1294:Chosenness 1266:Philosophy 1247:Humanistic 965:Oral Torah 811:Vilna Gaon 657:Nahmanides 576:Asceticism 521:Meditation 413:philosophy 333:Mystics of 18:Kabbalists 12968:Practical 12963:Political 12928:Cosmology 12885:Christian 12744:Holocaust 12734:Egotheism 12689:Goddesses 12684:Mormonism 12612:Christian 12565:Afterlife 12451:Sustainer 12258:Polydeism 12253:Pantheism 12238:Mysticism 12221:Monolatry 12216:Nontheism 12196:Dystheism 12079:indicate 12027:Mormonism 12012:Christian 11892:Symbolism 11880:Synagogue 11860:Mythology 11821:Education 11792:Astronomy 11775:Astrology 11592:relations 11397:Zarphatic 11345:Galitzish 11147:Yeshivish 11024:Catalanic 10987:Samaritan 10962:Ashkenazi 10943:Diasporic 10938:Languages 10883:Sephardim 10878:Romaniote 10765:Krymchaks 10699:Desi Jews 10575:Buddhists 10330:488308797 10197:: 17–40. 9568:HaYom Yom 9448:5 October 9194:: 82–89. 8580:symbolism 7735:Chasidism 7604:, nor in 7553:"Ein-Sof" 7409:Citations 7388:term for 7359:Notarikon 7242:Mandaeism 7218:Mandaeism 7100:July 2024 7040:talk page 6958:, run by 6897:syncretic 6761:marginal. 6668:Dor De'ah 6649:Maimonist 6585:Dor De'ah 6550:Sabbatean 6434:Sabbatean 6239:essence. 6229:Cordovero 6202:Aristotle 6150:mystics. 6007:Sexuality 5952:Mormonism 5903:In Odisha 5834:Christian 5829:Terrorism 5812:Mormonism 5669:Yazdânism 5627:Wahhabism 5512:Criticism 5266:Heichalot 5119:mysticism 5105:, Jewish 5028:Yesh/Ayin 4989:intuitive 4981:prophetic 4886:medieval 4864:dialectic 4766:Midrashic 4738:July 2024 4667:Partzufim 4473:righteous 4342:Anthropos 4231:midrashic 4218:Partzufim 4203:Partzufim 4197:Partzufim 3974:Partzufim 3794:From the 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11802:Holidays 11797:Calendar 11678:Rabbinic 11654:/Hebrew 11599:Haymanot 11526:Orthodox 11513:Branches 11486:Kabbalah 11481:Haskalah 11459:Holiness 11335:dialects 11315:Shassagh 11278:Krymchak 11258:Kayliñña 11152:Yinglish 11128:Galilean 11118:Talmudic 11113:Biblical 11088:Betanure 11007:Biblical 11002:Mishnaic 10997:Medieval 10982:Tiberian 10977:Yemenite 10967:Sephardi 10903:Paradesi 10847:Ḥabbanim 10837:Teimanim 10802:Baghdadi 10775:Maghrebi 10743:Karaites 10721:Gruzínim 10709:Kochinim 10627:Diaspora 10585:Karaites 10570:Atheists 10507:Timeline 10354:(2005). 10340:(1999). 10291:(1988). 10149:(1994). 10119:Kabbalah 10057:(1941). 9988:(1990). 9976:(1995). 9928:(1988). 9878:(2004). 9735:(1999). 9717:Kabbalah 9679:Archived 9649:Archived 9548:Archived 9503:Archived 9442:Archived 9413:Archived 9388:Archived 9323:Archived 9275:Archived 9249:Archived 9200:27908885 9146:Archived 8922:Archived 8911:Archived 8885:, ch. 1. 8823:Archived 8719:Archived 8644:Archived 8599:Archived 8584:allegory 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4549:neshamah 4500:theurgic 4386:qlippoth 4352:monistic 4325:Yetzirah 4313:Atziluth 4292:theistic 4244:theology 4183:sephirot 4138:sephirot 4130:tzadikim 4100:sephirot 4096:sephirot 4092:sephirot 4088:sephirot 4084:sephirot 4061:Sephirot 4053:Sephirot 4037:Sephirot 3970:Sephirot 3950:created 3845:Concepts 3804:Hermetic 3758:sephirot 3726:halakhic 3714:prophets 3646:kabbalah 3628:Theurgic 3596:kabbalah 3506:allusion 3419:exegesis 3381:Hasidism 3370:Tzimtzum 3345:and the 3334:Merkavah 3324:and the 3306:esoteric 3241:Hasidism 3212:1500s CE 3137:Hekhalot 3133:Merkabah 3092:Prophets 2954:Hekhalot 2852:mystical 2848:creation 2844:universe 2784:Məqūbbāl 2770:Mekubbal 2758:esoteric 2733:קַבָּלָה 2651:Kabbalah 2638:, 1803. 2364:Exorcism 2279:Kabbalah 2219:a series 2216:Part of 2155:Muhammad 2058:Hinduism 2031:Hanukkah 1969:Tachanun 1964:Havdalah 1829:Tefillin 1776:Marriage 1668:Rishonim 1654:Savoraim 1511:Tiberias 1460:Tzedakah 1380:Rabbinic 1279:Kabbalah 1252:Haymanot 1186:Orthodox 1139:a series 1137:Part of 931:Prophecy 536:Deveikut 531:Teshuvah 262:Medieval 168:Gematria 138:Qlippoth 118:Merkavah 78:Tzimtzum 67:Concepts 50:Kabbalah 42:a series 40:Part of 13076:Aggadah 13024:Oneness 13016:Islamic 12898:Outline 12893:History 12852:Judaism 12847:Jainism 12803:Process 12778:Olelbis 12679:Judaism 12622:Islamic 12537:Trinity 12420:Brahman 12394:Sikhism 12389:Jainism 12362:Judaism 12314:Goddess 12077:Italics 11902:Studies 11848:Divorce 11814:Kashrut 11809:Cuisine 11767:Culture 11698:Midrash 11693:Tosefta 11683:Mishnah 11671:Ketuvim 11666:Nevi'im 11629:Schisms 11619:Science 11609:Karaite 11580:Renewal 11541:Litvaks 11536:Hasidic 11491:Sefirot 11476:Halakha 11447:Messiah 11420:Mitzvah 11415:Beliefs 11369:Western 11355:Poylish 11350:Litvish 11340:Eastern 11330:Yiddish 11325:Shuadit 11310:Qwareña 11298:Tetuani 11293:Haketia 11268:Knaanic 11263:Kivruli 11211:Bukhori 11157:Heblish 11093:Hulaulá 11083:Barzani 11039:Yahudic 10972:Mizrahi 10832:Urfalim 10787:Mizrahi 10731:Neofiti 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4633:Galilee 4589:Yehidah 4583:Chayyah 4512:mitzvah 4462:Hasidic 4454:Gevurah 4430:Tiferet 4418:Malkuth 4416:within 4414:sefirot 4391:Gevurah 4349:acosmic 4287:Ein Sof 4238:of the 4166:Tiferet 4162:sefirah 4149:Malchut 4069:Ein Sof 4065:sefirah 4043:Sefirot 4026:Ein Sof 4021:Hitzoni 3962:reishit 3910:Ein Sof 3903:Godhead 3891:Ein Sof 3860:Ein Sof 3838:New Age 3829:alchemy 3816:Gnostic 3570:mystery 3554: 3522:‎ 3500:): the 3489: 3482:‎ 3457: 3435:‎ 3433:פַּרדֵס 3322:1 Enoch 3318:Ezekiel 3026:removed 3011:sources 2846:(God's 2839:‎ 2830:Ein Sof 2789:theurgy 2778:‎ 2754: 2746:Qabbālā 2742:: 2735:‎ 2655:Qabalah 2620:Dresden 2612:woodcut 2561:Steiner 2541:Mathers 2486:Crowley 2309:Thelema 2259:Alchemy 2115:Zionism 2021:Shavuot 1939:Kaddish 1916:Prayers 1849:Menorah 1844:Mezuzah 1834:Tzitzit 1789:Yeshiva 1744:Culture 1649:Amoraim 1644:Tannaim 1615:Rebecca 1603:Solomon 1571:Abraham 1450:Kashrut 1401:Tosefta 1396:Midrash 1386:Mishnah 1368:Piyutim 1349:Ketuvim 1344:Nevi'im 1284:Messiah 1242:Renewal 1232:Karaite 1197:Hasidic 1147:Judaism 1000:Aggadah 995:Halakha 951:Midrash 913:History 526:Kavanot 506:Mitzvot 467:English 237:Tannaim 221:History 178:Temurah 93:Sefirot 73:Ein Sof 13114:Wiccan 13063:Jewish 13043:Angels 12973:Public 12943:Ethics 12632:Taoist 12627:Jewish 12587:Heaven 12444:God as 12174:Theism 11885:Hazzan 11875:Prayer 11752:Siddur 11688:Talmud 11652:Tanakh 11587:Neolog 11560:Reform 11548:Modern 11531:Haredi 11454:Ethics 11320:Shassi 11288:Ladino 11253:Karaim 11236:Juhuri 11078:Targum 10992:Signed 10957:Modern 10952:Hebrew 10920:Xuetes 10716:Dönmeh 10675:Yekkes 10328: 10318: 10299: 10125: 10106: 10076: 10043: 10024: 10005: 9940: 9914: 9886: 9864: 9836: 9817: 9798: 9779: 9743: 9597:Orot 2 9481: 9198: 9072:e.g., 8619:Sirach 7807: 7797:Leiden 7764:Pardes 7733:, and 7721:, the 7717:, the 7713:, the 7706: 7588:, the 7585:Elohim 7394:Geonic 7290:Ptahil 7286:Abatur 7282:uthras 7268:, and 7185:) and 7125:Reform 7086: 7079: 7072: 7065: 7057: 6789:Sukkah 6776:siddur 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