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interconnect via optical infrared laser connections. Amazon refers to this technology as OISL (optical inter-satellite link). These lasers are capable of maintaining 100 Gbps over distances up to 2,600 km among two satellites moving at 25,000 km/h. Current in-space tests have demonstrated this speed up to a distance of 1,000km.
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people who lack basic access to broadband internet". Amazon has not announced if they intend to sell broadband service directly to consumers, but they will "offer broadband service through partnerships with other companies". The president of Kuiper
Systems, Rajeev Badyal, was a former vice president of SpaceX's
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is planned in five phases, and internet service will begin once the first 578 satellites are launched. Under its granted FCC license, Amazon is required to launch and operate 50% of its satellites no later than July 30, 2026, and must launch and operate the remaining satellites no later than July 30,
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In April 2019, Amazon announced that they would fund and deploy a large broadband satellite internet constellation called
Project Kuiper. It is expected to take up to a decade to fully deploy all 3,236 satellites planned for the full constellation in order to provide internet to "tens of millions of
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Multiple customer terminal designs are planned for different market needs. Project Kuiper’s standard customer terminal is expected to measure less than 11 inches square and 1 inch thick, and weigh less than five pounds without its mounting bracket. The device is planned to deliver speeds up to 400
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to integrate spacecraft for launch aboard Blue Origin and United Launch
Alliance rockets from the spaceport. The 31,000-square-meter facility is not expected to be operational before early 2025, and Amazon will use a third-party payload processing facility until its own is fully commissioned.
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Kuiper is planned to work in concert with Amazon's previously announced large network of 12 satellite ground station facilities (the "AWS Ground
Station unit") announced in November 2018. In addition to connecting to ground stations to connect to the ground-based internet, satellites will
265:(FCC) for a Project Kuiper constellation of 3,236 satellites, to provide broadband internet access across the globe. A condition included in the FCC's authorization was a non-interference clause that required the satellites to not interfere with previously authorized satellite ventures.
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An ultra-compact design 7-inch square customer terminal weighing one pound will offer speeds up to 100 Mbps. This design will connect residential customers for lower-costs, as well as government and enterprise customers pursuing applications like ground mobility and
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when procuring the approximately $ 10 billion in launch contracts for the constellation, which amounted to Amazon's second largest capital expenditure to date. Contracts to Blue Origin, owned by Bezos, amounted to 45% of the total expenditure. The suit suggests that
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In May 2024, ULA announced it was contracting for a second vessel that would be able to transport the Vulcan launch vehicle from its manufacturing facility in
Alabama to the spaceport in Florida, a ramp up in preparation for Kuiper launches.
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rocket by mid-2023. Both rockets in development experienced their own testing failures that delayed their launch readiness. By August 2023 Amazon selected the flight proven Atlas V rocket to reach orbit in a more timely fashion.
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Kuiper is wholly owned by Amazon, and its president is Rajeev Badyal, a former SpaceX vice president who was reportedly fired because SpaceX CEO Elon Musk was unsatisfied with his company's satellite-broadband
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since 2020. Development of satellite prototypes and production methods were initially performed at the
Redmond site. Manufacturing and satellite production is located at 172,000-square-foot facility in nearby
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technology. Phase 1 of deployment will be 578 satellites at 630 km altitude and an orbital inclination of 51.9 degrees. A total of five phases of constellation development are planned.
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for a total of 83 launches over the next decade. The agreements foresee the launch of a full constellation at buildout of 3236 satellites, and include 18 launches of the
European
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rocket launched for the first time on
January 8, 2024, clearing the way for the future ordered launches of Kuiper Systems satellites. Vulcan will launch 38 times for Kuiper.
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flight vehicle was moved upright on the launch pad on 24 April 2024 after which the flight was conducted on 9 July 2024. Ariane 6 is responsible for 18 Kuiper launches.
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of data bandwidth at less than 20% of the cost of traditional state-of-the-art flat-panel antennas. Amazon also announced that they intend to be "
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In July 2020, Amazon announced that it would be investing more than US$ 10 billion in
Project Kuiper, post receiving an authorization from the
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665:. The factory in Kirkland opened in April 2024 and is planned to manufacture five satellites per day at peak capacity. A logistics center in
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In the Matter of Kuiper
Systems LLC Application for Authority to Deploy and Operate a Ka-band Non-Geostationary Satellite Orbit System
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In December 2019, information became public that Amazon was asking the FCC to waive requirements (eg. to have applied by 2016) that
1545:"ULA Signs Agreements with Bollinger Shipyards and Bristol Harbor Group, Inc. to Design and Build New Ship to Carry Vulcan Rockets"
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Previously, Amazon had planned its initial ride to space on launch vehicles that were also still in development, including
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rocket launches from United Launch Alliance before that vehicle, which is powered by Russian engines, is retired.
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1229:"Amazon will invest over US$ 10 billion in its satellite internet network after receiving FCC authorization"
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2029. Two initial prototype satellites, “KuiperSat-1” and “KuiperSat-2” launched on October 6, 2023 on an
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After launch of its prototype satellites, it was reported that the prototypes were operating nominally.
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1401:"Lawsuit claims Amazon's board erred in awarding Kuiper launch contracts to Blue Origin and others"
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Amazon is trying to get a waiver to FCC rules that companies like SpaceX and OneWeb had to follow.
440:, one each at 590 km (370 mi), 610 km (380 mi), and 630 km (390 mi)
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1678:"Amazon's Project Kuiper completes successful tests of optical mesh network in low Earth orbit"
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Also, Kuiper satellites are likely to be compatible with and interconnect via optical links to
416:, the partnership will aim to close the digital divide in multiple countries in South America.
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broadband connectivity. The name Kuiper was a company codename for the project inspired by the
1878:"Project Kuiper's new satellite facility: A peek into production ramp up for its first launch"
886:"Amazon wants to launch thousands of satellites so it can offer broadband internet from space"
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283:. The antenna will be ~30 cm (12 in) in width and is expected to support up to 400
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Organizational headquarters for Kuiper Systems are located at an Amazon R&D facility in
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1709:"Amazon's Kuiper Orbital Internet System Will Include Important National Security Features"
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antenna that is much smaller than traditional designs for antennas that operate at 17–30
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In December 2023, it was announced that Amazon had secured three Kuiper launches aboard
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1626:"Amazon's Project Kuiper demonstrates safe, controlled satellite maneuvering on orbit"
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had to follow in order to get their large satellite internet constellations licensed.
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951:(Report) (FCC 20-102 ed.). 29 July 2020. IBFS File No. SAT-LOA-20190704-00057.
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A high-bandwidth design 19 inches by 30 inches terminal will deliver speeds up to 1
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In December 2020, Amazon unveiled a high-level overview of the low-cost flat-panel
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1822:"Amazon expands satellite manufacturing at newly acquired Project Kuiper facility"
1596:"Amazon lays out constellation service goals, deployment and deorbit plans to FCC"
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1255:"Amazon vows to invest US$ 10B in Kuiper satellites after getting FCC's go-ahead"
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in 2018. Badyal started Kuiper along with other ex-SpaceX employees soon after.
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1462:"Amazon shares an update on how Project Kuiper's test satellites are performing"
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A satellite processing and integration facility is planned in Florida at NASA's
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Project Kuiper System is planned to consist of 3,236 satellites operating in 98
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1853:"Amazon's satellite internet network Project Kuiper plans new Everett facility"
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785:) were launched on a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket on October 6, 2023.
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1903:"Atlas 5 rocket launches Amazon's first Kuiper satellites from Cape Canaveral"
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company, but rather were open to launch capability offers from all providers.
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1032:"Atlas V rocket launches Amazon's 1st 2 internet satellites to orbit (Video)"
979:"FCC Approves Amazon Kuiper Orbital Debris Plan, Clearing Way for Deployment"
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In April 2022, Amazon announced a massive set of launch contracts with three
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that it plans to use for the Project Kuiper satellite constellation. It is a
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1652:"Amazon cloud business reaches into space with satellite connection service"
1107:"Amazon secures 3 launches with SpaceX to support Project Kuiper deployment"
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1991:"Vulcan VC2S | Peregrine lunar lander, Kuipersat-1 & 2 (Maiden flight)"
1570:"4 ways Project Kuiper can help bridge the digital divide in South America"
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granted Amazon approval to deploy a constellation of 3,236 satellites into
1432:"Jeff Bezos and Amazon just hired everybody but SpaceX for Project Kuiper"
1311:"Amazon secures United Launch Alliance Atlas V rockets for Project Kuiper"
1072:"Jeff Bezos and Amazon just hired everybody but SpaceX for Project Kuiper"
850:"Amazon picks Kennedy Space Center for Project Kuiper processing facility"
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1006:"Amazon shifts launch of its first Internet satellites to Atlas V rocket"
916:"Amazon planning 3,236-satellite constellation for internet connectivity"
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1765:"Here's your first look at Project Kuiper's low-cost customer terminals"
1340:"Amazon contracts nine Atlas 5 missions for Kuiper broadband satellites"
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1141:"Amazon plans nationwide broadband — with both home and mobile service"
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1367:"What does Amazon's attempt to dominate space mean for everyone else?"
1285:"Amazon unveils flat-panel customer terminal for Kuiper constellation"
633:. Amazon expects to produce these terminals for less than $ 400 each.
19:"Project Kuiper" redirects here. For other projects named Kuiper, see
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1489:"Vulcan Centaur launches Peregrine lunar lander on inaugural mission"
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vehicle, which is flight proven and potentially more cost effective.
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348:. Amazon previously announced that it had purchased the final nine
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1960:"Amazon plans to launch its first internet satellites in late 2022"
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1734:"Amazon to link Kuiper satellites to DoD's mesh network in space"
1199:"SpaceX Is Lobbying Against Amazon's Internet-Beaming Satellites"
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on their RS1 rocket that was expected by late 2022 as well as on
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340:(with options on 15 additional flights), and 38 launches on the
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1796:"Amazon moving Project Kuiper team to new R&D headquarters"
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291:" and would not plan to exclusively use launch capacity from
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In April 2021, Amazon announced that it had contracted with
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In June 2024, the company announced a partnership with
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satellite internet constellation before being fired by
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may have precluded Amazon from contracting SpaceX's
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animosity between Bezos and SpaceX founder Elon Musk
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The first two prototype satellites "KuiperSat P1" (
222:. In 2024, additional launches were purchased from
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429:Kuiper currently has 2 test satellites on orbit.
3072:Amazon.com Inc v Canada (Commissioner of Patents)
355:In August 2023, a lawsuit was filed by an Amazon
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163:that was established in 2019 to deploy a large
1173:"Elon Musk Fires Multiple Starlink Executives"
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206:Amazon has purchased 92 rocket launches with
3499:Communications satellites in low Earth orbit
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3065:Amazon.com, Inc. v. Barnesandnoble.com, Inc.
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486:Please help improve this article by adding
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3146:List of mergers and acquisitions by Amazon
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306:for nine launches of Kuiper satellites on
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616:Learn how and when to remove this message
550:Learn how and when to remove this message
3479:Aerospace companies of the United States
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3494:Communications satellite constellations
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1377:from the original on 26 February 2024
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860:from the original on 26 February 2024
3141:List of Amazon products and services
3058:Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.
1832:from the original on 28 October 2022
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1688:from the original on 13 January 2024
1650:Sheetz, Michael (27 November 2018).
1468:from the original on 18 October 2023
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1958:Sheetz, Michael (1 November 2022).
1913:from the original on 7 October 2023
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1346:from the original on 9 January 2022
1044:from the original on 6 October 2023
958:from the original on 20 August 2020
749:First commercial Kuiper satellites
444:. The satellites are equipped with
401:The central core for the inaugural
13:
1851:Rosenblatt, Lauren (14 May 2024).
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1606:from the original on 25 April 2020
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1317:from the original on 19 April 2021
1235:from the original on 1 August 2020
1012:from the original on 8 August 2023
977:Jewett, Rachel (9 February 2023).
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315:Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
230:satellite internet constellation.
201:Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
14:
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1970:from the original on 14 June 2022
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1802:from the original on 5 April 2022
1794:Henry, Caleb (18 December 2019).
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1291:from the original on 5 April 2022
1261:from the original on 31 July 2020
1205:from the original on 26 July 2020
1179:from the original on 5 April 2022
1084:from the original on 14 July 2022
949:Federal Communications Commission
922:from the original on 5 April 2022
892:from the original on 4 April 2019
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263:Federal Communications Commission
180:Federal Communications Commission
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3202:
2071:(Founder and Executive Chairman)
2001:from the original on 4 June 2023
1283:Foust, Jeff (15 December 2020).
1227:Sheetz, Michael (30 July 2020).
1147:from the original on 8 July 2019
1004:Clark, Stephen (7 August 2023).
985:from the original on 3 July 2023
884:Sheetz, Michael (4 April 2019).
816:Satellite internet constellation
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165:satellite internet constellation
3161:Statistically improbable phrase
2821:American International Pictures
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1313:. About Amazon. 19 April 2021.
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848:Rainbow, Jason (21 July 2023).
482:only references primary sources
1399:Foust, Jeff (31 August 2023).
1024:
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725:KuiperSat-1 and 2, prototypes
1:
3489:Private spaceflight companies
3187:Congress of Essential Workers
1487:Jeff Foust (8 January 2024).
1430:Berger, Eric (5 April 2022).
1070:Berger, Eric (5 April 2022).
914:Henry, Caleb (4 April 2019).
831:
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488:secondary or tertiary sources
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226:which operates the competing
1594:Henry, Caleb (8 July 2019).
1365:Marks, Paul (6 April 2022).
1342:. SpaceNews. 19 April 2021.
1139:Brodkin, Jon (8 July 2019).
7:
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2957:Digital Photography Review
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1257:. GeekWire. 30 July 2020.
631:megabits per second (Mbps)
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58:; 5 years ago
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3504:Satellite Internet access
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3248:Satellite constellations
2833:Kindle Direct Publishing
2791:Breakthrough Novel Award
2148:List of Amazon locations
1519:"Ariane 6 standing tall"
457:Space Development Agency
3012:Reflexive Entertainment
2488:Product Advertising API
2304:Goodreads Choice Awards
425:Satellite constellation
21:Kuiper (disambiguation)
3106:Community Banana Stand
2796:Best Books of the Year
1549:newsroom.ulalaunch.com
779:) and "KuiperSat P2" (
719:October 6, 2023 18:06
414:DirectTV Latin America
346:United Launch Alliance
208:United Launch Alliance
197:United Launch Alliance
3136:List of Amazon brands
598:neutral point of view
379:Post prototype launch
159:, is a subsidiary of
1932:Krebs, Gunter Dirk.
1684:. 14 December 2023.
674:Kennedy Space Center
663:Kirkland, Washington
446:Hall-effect thruster
344:launch vehicle from
218:for a total of over
16:Subsidiary of Amazon
3171:Worker organization
2806:Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
2077:(President and CEO)
1938:Gunter's Space Page
1882:www.aboutamazon.com
1828:. 27 October 2022.
1736:. 14 October 2022.
1630:www.aboutamazon.com
1574:www.aboutamazon.com
1464:. 16 October 2023.
1113:. 1 December 2023.
667:Everett, Washington
658:Redmond, Washington
590:promotional content
285:megabits per second
195:rocket operated by
116:Number of employees
85:Redmond, Washington
30:
3192:Amazon Labor Union
2865:Whole Foods Market
2801:Amazon MGM Studios
2583:Digital Game Store
2227:Double Helix Games
1934:"KuiperSat P1, P2"
1909:. 6 October 2023.
1040:. 6 October 2023.
811:Satellite internet
646:gigabit per second
639:internet of things
592:and inappropriate
153:Kuiper Systems LLC
47:Telecommunications
29:Kuiper Systems LLC
28:
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3214:
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3126:History of Amazon
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2786:Amazon Publishing
2136:
2135:
2113:Christopher North
1857:The Seattle Times
1771:. 14 March 2023.
1707:Thompson, Loren.
981:. Via Satellite.
790:ABL Space Systems
766:
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332:, 12 launches of
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120:1,400 (July 2023)
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1143:. Ars Technica.
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1103:
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1008:. Ars Technica.
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579:an advertisement
570:
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555:
548:
544:
541:
535:
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499:"Kuiper Systems"
492:
475:
474:
467:
442:orbital altitude
326:launch providers
221:
155:, also known as
146:
145:
143:Official website
66:
64:
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38:
31:
27:
3519:
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3156:MacKenzie Scott
3084:
3041:
2890:
2869:
2843:
2769:
2738:
2671:
2549:
2395:
2389:
2321:Box Office Mojo
2274:Book Depository
2244:Amazon Robotics
2239:Amazon Pharmacy
2192:
2186:
2170:Principal Place
2132:
2128:Brian Valentine
2086:
2050:
2045:
2015:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1987:
1983:
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1907:Spaceflight Now
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1826:US About Amazon
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1682:US About Amazon
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1111:US About Amazon
1105:
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821:Light pollution
807:
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769:Test satellites
713:
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311:launch vehicles
289:launch agnostic
236:
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184:low Earth orbit
167:to provide low-
141:
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56:April 2019
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3405:Thousand Sails
3402:
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3395:Kuiper Systems
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3032:Treasure Truck
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2333:Kuiper Systems
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2013:
2012:
1989:Jones, Caleb.
1981:
1950:
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798:Vulcan Centaur
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606:September 2024
594:external links
574:
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540:September 2024
479:
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463:User terminals
461:
438:orbital shells
434:orbital planes
426:
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396:Vulcan Centaur
380:
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220:US$ 10 billion
157:Project Kuiper
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3299:Communication
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3079:FTC v. Amazon
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2413:Amazon Aurora
2411:
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2234:Amazon Lab126
2232:
2228:
2225:
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2223:
2220:
2218:
2217:Amazon Clinic
2215:
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2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
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2089:
2082:
2081:Werner Vogels
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1939:
1935:
1928:
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1898:
1883:
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1823:
1817:
1801:
1798:. SpaceNews.
1797:
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1371:New Scientist
1368:
1361:
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1335:
1333:
1316:
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1306:
1290:
1287:. SpaceNews.
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1234:
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1038:
1033:
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1007:
1000:
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980:
973:
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943:
937:
921:
918:. SpaceNews.
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2942:Dash buttons
2922:Amazon Books
2855:Amazon Fresh
2781:Amazon Games
2628:Prime Pantry
2593:Kindle Store
2403:Web Services
2332:
2222:Amazon Games
2200:Subsidiaries
2191:Products and
2181:Bellevue 600
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2967:Endless.com
2952:Diapers.com
2927:Amie Street
2838:YES Network
2647:Marketplace
2633:Prime Video
2618:Prime Music
2503:Rekognition
2448:ElastiCache
2338:One Medical
2123:Tom Szkutak
2118:Ram Shriram
1806:20 February
1523:www.esa.int
1295:29 December
1209:23 December
1175:. Reuters.
699:Rocket type
357:shareholder
334:Blue Origin
297:Blue Origin
216:Blue Origin
212:ArianeGroup
173:Kuiper belt
110:(president)
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3473:Categories
3390:O3b mPOWER
3324:Globalstar
3256:Navigation
3050:Litigation
3002:Mobipocket
2982:Liquavista
2972:Fire Phone
2881:Amazon Air
2765:Lumberyard
2743:Technology
2561:Amazon.com
2423:CloudFront
2284:ComiXology
2279:BookFinder
2264:Blink Home
2141:Facilities
2108:Tony Hsieh
2103:Paul Davis
2075:Andy Jassy
2069:Jeff Bezos
1836:1 December
1744:18 January
1692:13 January
1472:18 October
1121:1 December
832:References
652:Facilities
586:improve it
510:newspapers
420:Technology
293:Jeff Bezos
188:Deployment
103:Key people
75:Jeff Bezos
3426:Teledesic
3414:Abandoned
3111:Criticism
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3007:PlanetAll
2947:Dash wand
2902:43 Things
2874:Logistics
2860:Amazon Go
2700:Echo Buds
2623:Prime Now
2518:SageMaker
2473:Lightsail
2418:Beanstalk
2396:computing
2353:Neighbors
2299:Goodreads
2269:Body Labs
1917:6 October
1600:SpaceNews
1503:8 January
1493:Spacenews
1446:31 August
1415:31 August
1405:SpaceNews
1183:24 August
1159:progress.
1048:6 October
1037:Space.com
854:SpaceNews
782:2023-154A
776:2023-154B
436:in three
361:bad faith
338:New Glenn
245:Elon Musk
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3453:Pleiades
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1968:Archived
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1718:13 April
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1610:1 August
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888:. CNBC.
858:Archived
826:Starlink
805:See also
762:Planned
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738:Success
722:Atlas V
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