1500:
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206:'s "asana-free" yoga in the 1890s and the emergence of postural yoga in the 1920s, but not explaining either why asanas were absent at the start of that period, or how they became rehabilitated. Singleton however endorses Alter's methodology, namely to examine modern yoga's truth claims critically while also exploring the context and reasons for those claims, and considers both De Michelis and Alter to be "critically aware" of modern yoga's "dialectical relationship with tradition". The scholar
1171:
233:
162:, writes that it aims to correct the popular tendency to imagine an Indian, spiritual yoga opposed to a corrupt, materialistic American yoga, by examining what Indian texts from the 20th century say about yoga, and constructing a social history of the subject. In her view, what emerges is yoga "as a transnational system of knowledge and practice that emerged in the interstices of
178:
in the early 20th century a "mistake". All the same, she writes, it helped to transform yoga into what Alter called the "tremendously popular, eminently public, self-disciplinary regimen that produces good health and well being, while always holding out the promise of final liberation." She observes
74:
in late nineteenth- and early twentieth century India is directly linked to the reinvention of sport in the context of colonial modernity and also to the increasing use of physical fitness in schools, gymnasiums, clinics, and public institutions." Alter further suggests in his
210:
broadly agrees with
Singleton, noting that posture "only became prominent in modern yoga in the early twentieth century as a result of the dialogical exchanges between Indian reformers and nationalists and Americans and Europeans interested in health and fitness".
268:
said that Alter's book helps researchers study Gandhi's biopolitics without falling into the trap of seeing "faddish" tendencies in him. It said that Alter offers original interpretations of Gandhi's practices, including his sexual experiments.
151:
and its sociological and ideological placement in
American consumer society." In his view, the examples were well-researched and brought to life with suitable photographs.
1933:
1073:
501:
Van Hollen, Cecilia (May 2007). "Yoga in Modern India: The Body between
Science and Philosophy. By Joseph S. Alter. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2004".
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145:, found the book illuminating on the historical background of yoga, complete with "acerbic asides, including several humorous references to
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166:, anticolonial nationalism, and postcolonial Hindu nationalism." She notes that Alter calls the Indian government-led fusion of the yogic
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examines three main themes in the history and practice of yoga in the 20th century: Swami
Kuvalayananda's medicalisation of yoga;
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that "Yoga was modernized, medicalized, and transformed into a system of physical culture." He calls the fusion of yoga's
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663:"The Malleability of Yoga: A Response to Christian and Hindu Opponents of the Popularization of Yoga"
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299:, a 1996 book about the role of Mysore in creating modern postural yoga by Norman Sjoman
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calls the book one of the main (early) studies of the development of modern yoga, like
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722:"The American Historical Review, Volume 106, Issue 5, December 2001, Pages 1784ā1785"
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187:(RSS) could readily adopt yoga's physical and mental discipline to make men strong,
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629:"Joseph S. Alter, Yoga in Modern India: The Body between Science and Philosophy"
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Yoga in Modern India The Body between
Science and Philosophy | Joseph S. Alter
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291:, a 2010 book about the origins of modern postural yoga by Mark Singleton
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Pehlwani : identity, ideology and the body of the Indian wrestler
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Yoga in modern India : the body between science and philosophy
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He is known for arguing, in his own words, that "The invention of
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The wrestler's body : identity and ideology in north India
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International
Association of Yoga Therapists ā¢ Richard Miller
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261:
128:
Yoga in Modern India: The Body between
Science and Philosophy
119:
52:, in the north of India. He gained his PhD in 1989 from the
2770:
2422:
2340:
1155:
115:
697:
Gandhi's Body: Sex, Diet, and the
Politics of Nationalism
430:"Yoga, Bodybuilding, and Wrestling: Metaphysical Fitness"
179:
also that Alter shows what "strange bedfellows" yoga and
760:
Gandhi's Body: Sex, Diet and the
Politics of Nationalism
608:
596:
227:
Gandhi's Body: Sex, Diet and the
Politics of Nationalism
2391:
554:
Yoga Body : the origins of modern posture practice
815:
Moral Materialism: Sex and Masculinity in Modern India
584:
36:, and the physical and medical culture of South Asia.
745:. University of California, Berkeley (thesis). 1989.
450:. Arthur M Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution.
283:, a 2005 book of yoga anthropology by Sarah Strauss
26:known for his research into the modern practice of
256:. Alter explains Gandhi's lifelong obsession with
248:'s practices of fasting, diet, and exercises with
496:
494:
492:
490:
488:
400:. Princeton University Press. 19 September 2004.
134:yoga; and the influence of the Hindu nationalist
3317:
542:
540:
467:Selling Yoga: From Counterculture to Pop Culture
280:Positioning Yoga: balancing acts across cultures
2871:Hatha Yoga: The Report of a Personal Experience
889:Hatha Yoga: The Report of A Personal Experience
751:Knowing Dil Das: Stories of a Himalayan Hunter
620:
485:
2407:
1202:
853:
537:
443:
141:Stuart Ray Sarbacker, reviewing the book in
2414:
2400:
2325:Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga (Sadie Nardini)
1209:
1195:
860:
846:
763:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 2000.
700:. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.
500:
236:Gandhi photographed in South Africa (1909)
3331:University of California, Berkeley alumni
809:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 2005.
753:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 1999.
678:
651:
626:
546:
316:Other authors who share this approach to
260:as a way to reach his religious idea of
231:
138:on the development of yoga as exercise.
105:
781:. University of California Press. 2003.
673:(1). Butler University, Irwin Library.
470:. Oxford University Press. p. 54.
296:The Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace
99:
3318:
118:to the West in the 1890s, but without
3341:21st-century American anthropologists
2395:
1190:
841:
785:
693:
614:
602:
590:
427:
191:is the opposite of "narrowly Hindu".
83:and its yogic physiology with modern
3351:The Journal of Asian Studies editors
1216:
791:. Princeton University Press. 2004.
657:
558:. Oxford University Press. pp.
460:
54:University of California at Berkeley
1864:Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace
1105:Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace
13:
667:Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies
432:. Asana International Yoga Journal
363:
14:
3362:
2127:Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga
867:
822:
170:with the physical body of modern
1498:
1170:
1169:
1013:
807:Asian Medicine and Globalization
3336:University of Pittsburgh alumni
1638:Yoga and cultural appropriation
714:
687:
447:Yoga: The Art of Transformation
16:American medical anthropologist
627:Sarbacker, Stuart Ray (2007).
454:
421:
388:
341:
310:
266:The American Historical Review
154:Cecilia Van Hollen, reviewing
1:
694:Alter, Joseph (7 June 2011).
335:
216:Association for Asian Studies
503:The Journal of Asian Studies
160:The Journal of Asian Studies
94:
44:Joseph S. Alter was born in
39:
7:
444:Debra Diamond, ed. (2013).
272:
185:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
136:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
10:
3367:
1626:Sexual abuse by yoga gurus
914:Eighty-Four Asanas in Yoga
3262:International Day of Yoga
3242:
3163:
3154:
3020:
2982:
2942:
2933:
2818:
2761:
2570:
2529:
2493:
2484:
2429:
2381:Modern Yoginis (template)
2333:
2121:Vishnudevananda Saraswati
2043:Tirumalai Krishnamacharya
1990:
1951:
1854:
1758:
1673:
1608:
1547:Harmonial gymnastics/yoga
1514:
1507:
1496:
1447:
1422:
1414:International Day of Yoga
1401:
1349:
1309:
1231:
1224:
1164:
1133:
1022:
1011:
873:
515:10.1017/s0021911807000757
482:quoting Alter 2004, p. 10
3282:Yoga scholars (template)
2547:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
2421:
2376:Yoga teachers (category)
2371:Yoga scholars (template)
1879:A History of Modern Yoga
1061:A History of Modern Yoga
735:
303:
65:University of Pittsburgh
2920:Yogasopana Purvacatuska
2167:Satchidananda Saraswati
1918:The Path of Modern Yoga
1597:Autobiography of a Yogi
1059:Elizabeth De Michelis (
1043:The Path of Modern Yoga
926:Christopher Key Chapple
371:"Prof. Joseph S. Alter"
220:Coomaraswamy Book Prize
202:'s 2004 book examining
1327:European Union of Yoga
990:Bjarne Wernicke-Olesen
680:10.7825/2164-6279.1510
428:Alter, Joseph (2017).
237:
214:The book won the 2006
123:
24:medical anthropologist
2083:Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga
1591:Paramahansa Yogananda
1371:Trauma-sensitive yoga
1322:British Wheel of Yoga
351:. Penguin India. 2019
235:
200:Elizabeth De Michelis
109:
59:He is a professor of
3267:List of yoga schools
3033:Kriyayoga (Buddhist)
2864:Hatha Yoga Pradipika
2366:List of yoga schools
2237:Yoga the Iyengar Way
2141:Satyananda Saraswati
2136:Bihar School of Yoga
1872:Yoga in Modern India
1781:Lilias, Yoga and You
1584:Seetharaman Sundaram
1088:Gurus of Modern Yoga
1034:Yoga in Modern India
633:History of Religions
375:Modern Yoga Research
183:were, for while the
156:Yoga in Modern India
143:History of Religions
101:Yoga in Modern India
77:Yoga in Modern India
33:Yoga in Modern India
3068:Six Yogas of Naropa
2850:Hathabhyasapaddhati
2193:Himalayan Institute
2055:T. K. V. Desikachar
2030:Swami Kuvalayananda
1844:Selvarajan Yesudian
946:Gerald James Larson
902:Johannes Bronkhorst
617:, pp. 142ā177.
605:, pp. 109ā141.
2957:Samadhi (Buddhism)
2829:Amaraugha Prabodha
2299:Beryl Bender Birch
2250:c. 1975
2081:c. 1948
2070:Srivatsa Ramaswami
2007:The Yoga Institute
1977:Breath of the Gods
1562:Genevieve Stebbins
1332:AndrƩ Van Lysebeth
1041:Elliott Goldberg (
1000:Sir John Woodroffe
985:David Gordon White
980:Srisa Chandra Vasu
912:Gudrun BĆ¼hnemann (
593:, pp. 73ā108.
238:
126:Alter's 2004 book
124:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3272:Modern yoga gurus
3150:
3149:
2929:
2928:
2906:Vasishtha Samhita
2389:
2388:
2361:Asanas (template)
2356:Post-lineage yoga
1986:
1985:
1942:The Story of Yoga
1695:Frank Jude Boccio
1552:Marguerite Agniel
1522:Early modern yoga
1494:
1493:
1184:
1183:
1123:Post-lineage Yoga
569:978-0-19-539534-1
477:978-0-19-939026-7
349:"Joseph S. Alter"
194:The yoga scholar
189:yoga's philosophy
181:Hindu nationalism
3358:
3161:
3160:
2940:
2939:
2913:Vimanarcanakalpa
2878:Gheranda Samhita
2791:Shaiva Siddhanta
2561:Yoga Yajnavalkya
2491:
2490:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2393:
2392:
2224:B. K. S. Iyengar
2211:Bikram Choudhury
2088:K. Pattabhi Jois
2075:Vanda Scaravelli
1887:Positioning Yoga
1739:Paddleboard Yoga
1569:Physical culture
1557:Mary Bagot Stack
1512:
1511:
1502:
1409:Competitive yoga
1377:Restorative Yoga
1359:Yoga using props
1311:Teacher training
1261:Meditation seats
1229:
1228:
1218:Yoga as exercise
1211:
1204:
1197:
1188:
1187:
1173:
1172:
1151:Yoga as exercise
1121:Theo Wildcroft (
1114:Positioning Yoga
1068:Suzanne Newcombe
1017:
975:Alexis Sanderson
931:Georg Feuerstein
862:
855:
848:
839:
838:
818:
817:. Penguin. 2011.
810:
802:
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726:academic.oup.com
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318:yoga as exercise
314:
30:, his 2004 book
28:yoga as exercise
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3305:
3238:
3217:Yoga as therapy
3183:Standing asanas
3146:
3016:
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2925:
2857:Hatha Ratnavali
2814:
2757:
2679:Viparita Karani
2566:
2525:
2480:
2425:
2420:
2390:
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2329:
1994:
1982:
1947:
1934:Yoga in Britain
1902:The Subtle Body
1850:
1773:Yoga for Health
1754:
1720:Phillip Moffitt
1669:
1621:Science of yoga
1604:
1503:
1490:
1443:
1418:
1397:
1365:Accessible yoga
1345:
1305:
1280:Accompaniments
1246:Standing asanas
1220:
1215:
1185:
1180:
1160:
1129:
1112:Sarah Strauss (
1103:Norman Sjoman (
1074:Yoga in Britain
1018:
1009:
1005:Heinrich Zimmer
970:Geoffrey Samuel
951:James Mallinson
869:
866:
829:Joseph S. Alter
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659:Jain, Andrea R.
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548:Singleton, Mark
545:
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462:Jain, Andrea R.
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22:is an American
20:Joseph S. Alter
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3229:
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3222:Yoga for women
3219:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3210:Hasta Vinyasas
3202:
3200:Sun Salutation
3197:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3188:List of asanas
3185:
3180:
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2899:Sritattvanidhi
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2885:Joga Pradipika
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2598:Lotus position
2590:
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2290:
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2281:Jivamukti Yoga
2277:
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2259:
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2240:
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2169:
2158:
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2145:
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2132:
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2116:Sivananda Yoga
2112:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2103:Kino MacGregor
2100:
2095:
2090:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2049:Yoga Makaranda
2045:
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2020:
2019:
2017:Hansa Yogendra
2014:
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2000:
1988:
1987:
1984:
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1981:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1955:
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1929:
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1643:In advertising
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1299:Hasta Vinyasas
1296:
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1266:Sun Salutation
1263:
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1256:Lotus position
1253:
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1241:List of asanas
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1082:Mark Singleton
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875:Classical yoga
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823:External links
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639:(3): 278ā281.
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3326:Living people
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3233:Light on Yoga
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2554:Yoga Vasistha
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2540:Bhagavad Gita
2537:
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2528:
2522:
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2518:and sometimes
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2286:Sharon Gannon
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2246:Dharma Mittra
2243:
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2230:Light on Yoga
2227:
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2203:
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2186:
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2181:
2178:
2177:
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2162:Integral Yoga
2159:
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2025:Kaivalyadhama
2022:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:Shri Yogendra
2010:
2009:
2008:
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1969:Enlighten Up!
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1926:Roots of Yoga
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957:Roots of Yoga
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868:Yoga scholars
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91:a "mistake".
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72:postural yoga
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21:
3298:Yoga Journal
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3255:Mindful Yoga
3250:Yoga hybrids
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3178:Downward dog
3043:Anuttarayoga
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2836:Amritasiddhi
2834:
2827:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2517:
2444:Five sheaths
2439:Three bodies
2312:Anusara Yoga
2275:Forrest Yoga
2267:Sarah Powers
2262:Paul Grilley
2235:
2228:
2219:Iyengar Yoga
2185:Stephen Cope
2175:Kripalu Yoga
2125:
2093:Mysore style
2047:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1940:
1932:
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1839:Switzerland
1795:Lyn Marshall
1779:
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1705:Janice Gates
1700:Anne Cushman
1690:Mindful Yoga
1665:Yoga tourism
1648:For children
1595:
1532:
1438:Yoga Journal
1436:
1429:
1393:Janice Gates
1251:Downward dog
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258:food and sex
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148:Yoga Journal
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132:naturopathic
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61:anthropology
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3165:As exercise
3063:Yantra yoga
3058:Devata yoga
2967:Anapanasati
2810:Sexual Yoga
2731:Kapalabhati
2701:Sama vritti
2652:Surat Shabd
2578:Eight limbs
2508:Bhakti yoga
2495:Three Yogas
2431:Subtle body
2351:Modern yoga
2317:John Friend
2257:Paulie Zink
2206:Bikram Yoga
2180:Amrit Desai
2149:Ananda Yoga
2060:A. G. Mohan
1745:Aerial yoga
1574:B. C. Ghosh
1527:Vivekananda
1024:Modern yoga
995:Ernest Wood
936:Gavin Flood
897:Jason Birch
250:biopolitics
204:Vivekananda
168:subtle body
164:colonialism
112:Vivekananda
81:subtle body
50:Uttarakhand
3320:Categories
3277:Yoga Nidra
3083:Karmamudra
3048:Sahajayana
2820:Hatha yoga
2786:Mahasiddha
2706:Shatkarmas
2657:Aghor Yoga
2610:Pratyahara
2531:Philosophy
2513:Jnana yoga
2503:Karma yoga
2346:Hatha yoga
2323:2006
2310:1997
2304:Bryan Kest
2294:Power Yoga
2292:1995
2279:1984
2273:1982
2244:1975
2217:1975
2204:1973
2198:Swami Rama
2191:1971
2173:1966
2160:1966
2154:Kriyananda
2147:1965
2134:1963
2114:1959
2098:Tim Miller
2065:Indra Devi
2036:1934
2023:1924
2005:1918
1974:2012
1966:2009
1958:2006
1939:2020
1931:2019
1923:2017
1915:2016
1907:2015
1892:2010
1884:2005
1869:2004
1861:1996
1759:By country
1743:2014
1737:2013
1726:2003
1688:1990
1684:Naked yoga
1682:1938
1579:K. V. Iyer
1531:1896
1479:Yoga pants
1457:Yoga brick
1383:Yoga nidra
1381:2008
1375:2007
1369:2002
1363:1979
1318:Standards
1146:Hatha yoga
965:Max MĆ¼ller
798:0691118744
770:0812204743
615:Alter 2004
603:Alter 2004
591:Alter 2004
436:9 February
413:9 February
380:9 February
355:9 February
336:References
244:connected
176:physiology
89:physiology
3286:Journals
3120:Mahamudra
3038:Caryayoga
3022:Vajrayana
2995:Yogachara
2962:Vipassana
2944:Theravada
2803:Kundalini
2798:Laya Yoga
2736:Bhastrika
2674:Mahamudra
2605:Pranayama
2521:RÄja yoga
1895:Yoga Body
1750:Beer yoga
1715:Cyndi Lee
1653:For women
1534:Raja Yoga
1484:Lululemon
1289:Pranayama
1271:Tree pose
1095:Yoga Body
578:318191988
531:162812282
288:Yoga Body
95:Reception
40:Biography
3105:Mahayoga
2984:Mahayana
2935:Buddhism
2696:Kumbhaka
2571:Concepts
2486:Hinduism
2464:Sushumna
2252:Yin Yoga
2038:Viniyoga
1728:Acroyoga
1616:Hot yoga
1462:Yoga mat
1423:Journals
1175:Category
661:(2012).
562:, 1 16.
550:(2010).
523:20203182
464:(2014).
320:include
273:See also
254:biopower
240:Alter's
114:brought
3243:Related
3205:VinyÄsa
3195:Drishti
3140:Shingon
3115:Atiyoga
3110:Anuyoga
2952:Samatha
2753:SÄdhanÄ
2741:Trataka
2642:Pranava
2625:Samadhi
2615:DhÄraį¹Ä
2469:Pingala
2334:Related
1992:Schools
1807:Germany
1789:Britain
1766:America
1675:Hybrids
1609:Aspects
1508:History
1351:Therapy
1294:VinyÄsa
1284:Drishti
1276:Warrior
1134:Related
172:anatomy
85:anatomy
63:at the
46:Landour
3156:Modern
3136:Japan
3130:Tangmi
3126:China
3054:Tibet
3029:India
3005:Tendai
3001:Japan
2991:India
2781:Siddhi
2776:Yogini
2763:Tantra
2716:Dhauti
2669:Bandha
2664:Mudras
2637:Mantra
2620:Dhyana
2588:Niyama
2449:Chakra
1827:Sweden
1822:Russia
1802:France
1402:Events
1233:Asanas
1225:Topics
795:
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246:Gandhi
120:asanas
110:Swami
3227:Props
3173:Asana
3098:Phowa
3093:Bardo
3088:Milam
3073:Tummo
3010:Zazen
2748:Tapas
2726:Basti
2721:Nauli
2691:Nyasa
2632:KriyÄ
2593:Asana
2476:Prana
1997:Gurus
1952:Films
1855:Books
1842:1941
1831:2015
1817:Italy
1812:India
1793:1976
1778:1970
1770:1961
1515:Early
1449:Props
1141:Asana
736:Works
527:S2CID
519:JSTOR
442:from
304:Notes
262:Truth
3078:Ćsel
2771:Yogi
2711:Neti
2684:List
2647:Nada
2583:Yama
2454:Nadi
2423:Yoga
2341:Yoga
1961:Guru
1733:Doga
1156:Yoga
793:ISBN
765:ISBN
702:ISBN
574:OCLC
564:ISBN
472:ISBN
438:2019
415:2019
402:ISBN
382:2019
357:2019
324:and
252:and
174:and
158:for
116:yoga
87:and
2459:Ida
831:at
675:doi
641:doi
511:doi
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