536:
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51:
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fell full upon him, and communicated to his pale, haggard face, and disordered hair, an appearance which, at that distance, was ghastly. His cheek rested upon his hand; and, with his face a little raised, and his eyes wildly staring before him, he seemed to be unconsciously intent on counting the chinks in the opposite wall.
2758:
Pratt and Smith were the only people to be executed at
Newgate in the three-year period 1834–1836; this partial, temporary moratorium may have been for political reasons and because of a change in the law. Prior to 1834, individuals had been executed for any of 20 different offences; after 1836, only
2508:
It is the only crime where there is no injury done to any individual and in consequence it requires a very small expense to commit it in so private a manner and to take such precautions as shall render conviction impossible. It is also the only capital crime that is committed by rich men but owing to
2548:
The gaoler who was escorting
Dickens confidently predicted to him that the two would be executed and was proved right. Seventeen individuals were sentenced to death at the September and October sessions of the Central Criminal Court for offences that included burglary, robbery, and attempted murder.
2543:
The other two men were at the upper end of the room. One of them, who was imperfectly seen in the dim light, had his back towards us, and was stooping over the fire, with his right arm on the mantel-piece, and his head sunk upon it. The other was leaning on the sill of the farthest window. The light
2484:
The conviction of the three men rested entirely on what the landlord and his wife claimed to have witnessed, and the evidence of the police constable who had examined the clothing of both men after his arrival at
Bonhill's lodging house. Modern commentators have cast doubts on their testimony, based
2595:
states that when the men were led onto the scaffold the crowd began to hiss, and this continued until the moment of their execution. Possibly this indicated the crowd's disagreement with the execution, or it may have indicated disapproval of the men's alleged acts. Pratt was reportedly too weak to
2448:
The landlord climbed to an outside vantage point in the loft of a nearby stable building, where he could see through the window of Bonill's room, before coming down to look into the room through the keyhole. Both the landlord and his wife later claimed they both looked through the keyhole and saw
2226:
in
England. Pratt and Smith were arrested in August of that year after being spied on through a keyhole allegedly having carnal knowledge of each other in a room rented by William Bonill a friend or acquaintance of one of the men, or possibly both. Bonill, although not present when the men were
2513:
Although
Wedgwood was a deeply religious man he did not concur with the then prevailing view of society that sodomy committed between humans should be a capital offence. He also judged it unjust that it was a sentence more likely to befall poorer men than richer men as richer men could afford a
2445:, London. His landlord stated that Bonill had frequent male visitors, who generally came in pairs, and that his suspicions became aroused on the afternoon of 29 August 1835, when Pratt and Smith came to visit Bonill.
2705:
In the period from 1810 to 1835, 46 people convicted of sodomy were hanged and 32 sentenced to death but reprieved. A further 716 were imprisoned or sentenced to the pillory before its use was restricted in 1816.
2449:
Pratt and Smith engaging in carnal relations with each other. The landlord after seeing what he saw broke open the door to confront them. Bonill was absent but returned a few minutes later with a jug of
2553:
with the exceptions of Pratt and Smith. There had been previous reprieves of men sentenced to death for sodomy, such as Martin Mellet and James
Farthing who had been condemned in 1828 but were instead
1505:
2140:
1801:
850:
679:
2886:
933:
2202:
2485:
on the narrow field of vision afforded by a keyhole and the acts (some anatomically impossible) the couple claimed to have witnessed during the brief length of time they were looking.
2234:
Some modern human rights activists have cast doubt on the facts and legality of the conviction. In
January 2017, Pratt and Smith were among those who were posthumously pardoned by the
378:
179:
3592:
640:
622:
2749:
had been arrested with a soldier for having sex in a private room in a London pub. Despite the enormous public scandal, he was able to flee to
Scotland and live there in anonymity.
1510:
694:
2429:. He was described in court proceedings and contemporary newspaper reports as an unmarried labourer, although other sources state he was married and worked as a servant.
1692:
341:
2603:
to be published and sold. This described the men's trial and included the purported text of a final letter that was claimed to have been written by Smith to a friend.
883:
704:
2195:
542:
2514:
private space that would make their arrest less likely. And even if arrested, Wedgwood might have observed, a richer man would have had the resources to post
3567:
1021:
2935:
526:
2105:
938:
2188:
928:
903:
3407:
1786:
806:
3343:
2481:. A number of witnesses came forward to testify to the good character of Pratt. No character witnesses came forward to testify on behalf of Smith.
3313:
845:
2586:
newspaper report as larger than usual; this was possibly because the hanging was the first to have taken place at
Newgate in nearly two years.
1533:
1500:
1495:
2518:
money, and then flee abroad. However, despite this degree of sympathy, Wedgwood described the men as "degraded creatures" in another letter.
50:
3263:
2917:(www.oldbaileyonline.org, version 7.0, 26 December 2012), September 1835, trial of JOHN SMITH JAMES PRATT WILLIAM BONILL (t18350921-1934).
1992:
913:
674:
359:
2469:, a judge who had the reputation of being independent and acute, but also harsh. Pratt and Smith were convicted under section 15 of the
3597:
818:
494:
3582:
1212:
908:
606:
574:
245:
2628:
A collection of contemporary documents, including petitions made on behalf of the men, and letters about their case are held by the
727:
737:
709:
689:
669:
558:
397:
374:
2629:
1327:
1089:
17:
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2732:
Wedgwood later resigned from the a magistracy because he felt the duties were incompatible with the commandments of the Bible.
3446:
2557:. But this was not granted to Pratt and Smith despite an appeal for mercy submitted by the men's wives that was heard by the
2109:
732:
430:
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3193:
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2053:
1811:
1764:
1605:
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923:
823:
801:
777:
772:
478:
213:
3587:
2558:
1064:
325:
277:
3537:
3507:
3488:
2887:"The tragic story of the last two men in the UK executed for being gay: 'Mercy could not be expected of men like them'"
3465:
3390:
1197:
1162:
261:
67:
40:
3123:
2822:
2658:
1450:
1257:
997:
3098:
2988:
3602:
1520:
1005:
101:
2501:
1937:
1775:
1515:
878:
699:
684:
590:
164:
1455:
446:
414:
2596:
stand, and had to be held upright by the executioner's assistants while preparations were made to hang him.
510:
2720:
2477:, and were sentenced to death. William Bonill was convicted as an accessory and sentenced to 14 years of
2238:
which pardoned those who had been convicted of same-sex carnal offences which no longer exist in the UK.
2066:
1969:
1647:
1192:
989:
893:
873:
833:
462:
3480:
3321:
2561:. A petition for mercy was even made by the landlord and his wife who had been witnesses against them.
1013:
888:
1037:
1900:
1377:
1119:
1079:
309:
3562:
2759:
convicted murderers were hanged outside
Newgate, until the ending of public execution in 1868. See
2554:
1731:
1626:
1465:
1242:
1129:
973:
828:
796:
742:
293:
3368:
3219:
2526:
1207:
1069:
197:
132:
85:
3264:"2018 Austin Film Festival and Conference Schedule: Script Reading Workshop: Particular Disp..."
3241:
2800:
2617:
2426:
1109:
1074:
229:
2222:(1795–1835) were two London men who, in November 1835, became the last two to be executed for
1666:
1382:
1084:
868:
148:
3557:
3287:
3242:"Prisoner name: James Pratt, aged 30, and John Smith, aged 40. Court and date of trial:..."
2600:
2550:
2478:
2228:
1615:
1460:
1337:
1297:
1247:
783:
2692:
states they were 30 and 40 years old. A contemporary newspaper report of their execution (
1285:
8:
3517:
Rictor Norton, ed. (12 September 2014). "The Trial of James Pratt and John Smith, 1835".
2493:
2466:
1846:
1688:
1187:
1102:
3048:
2489:
2413:
2331:
2318:
1549:
1470:
1402:
1352:
1262:
1124:
965:
2437:
William Bonill, aged 68, had lived for 13 months in a rented room at a house near the
3533:
3503:
3484:
3461:
3442:
3386:
3176:
2746:
2640:
2024:
1982:
1822:
1332:
1227:
957:
918:
898:
3197:
2940:
2929:
2669:
2661:
2608:
2591:
2474:
2438:
1718:
1696:
1561:
1362:
1302:
1272:
1267:
1232:
1029:
790:
767:
3518:
3141:
2959:
2612:, which departed England on 5 November 1835 and arrived in Van Diemen's Land (now
2535:
2522:
2453:. The landlord went to fetch a police constable and all three men were arrested.
2235:
2042:
1677:
1407:
1347:
1322:
1217:
838:
3172:
2564:
2231:
to Australia as an accessory to Pratt and Smith's alleged crime, where he died.
2944:
2665:
2577:
2569:
2530:
2497:
2373:
2365:
2278:
2270:
1427:
1312:
2549:
On 21 November, all were granted remission of their death sentences under the
3572:
3551:
2742:
1752:
1422:
1417:
1397:
1392:
1317:
1252:
1202:
3439:
From Sodomy Laws to Same-Sex Marriage: International Perspectives since 1789
3500:
Stones of Law, Bricks of Shame: Narrating Imprisonment in the Victorian Age
2651:
2163:
2121:
1867:
1742:
1412:
1372:
1222:
3408:"The last two men to be executed for homosexual acts were from Southwark"
3194:"Asia voyage to Van Diemen's Land, Australia in 1835 with 290 passengers"
3180:
2688:
Sources give varying ages for the two men. The account of their trial in
2012:
1707:
1636:
1387:
1342:
1307:
3477:
A Gay History of Britain: Love and Sex Between Men Since the Middle Ages
2580:
on the morning of 27 November. The crowd of spectators was described in
3344:"Austin Film Festival Unveils 2018 Script and Film Competition Winners"
2539:
and described seeing Pratt and Smith while they were being held there:
2462:
2396:
2301:
2085:
1835:
1292:
851:
Historical Sexual Offences (Pardons and Disregards) (Scotland) Act 2018
812:
2606:
Bonill was one of 290 prisoners transported to Australia on the ship
2582:
2442:
2175:
1889:
1367:
1114:
981:
3475:
Cook, Matt; Mills, Robert; Trumback, Randolph; Cocks, Harry (2007).
934:
Civil Partnerships, Marriages and Deaths (Registration etc) Act 2019
2723:, the judge would have had the power to commute it to imprisonment.
2646:
The case of Pratt and Smith is the subject of the non-fiction book
2613:
2335:
1878:
1445:
1237:
1134:
3173:"The Particulars of the Execution of James Pratt & John Smith"
2384:
2289:
3183:, Harvard Law School Library, Historical and Special Collection
2504:, arguing for the commutation of the death sentences, stating:
2461:
Pratt, Smith and Bonill were tried on 21 September 1835 at the
2402:
2369:
2307:
2274:
2223:
1152:
2635:
Both Pratt and Smith are central characters in the stage play
2930:"Oxford DNB article: Gurney, Sir John (subscription needed)"
2696:, issue 20273, page 4) states they were 32 and 34 years old.
2509:
the circumstances I have mentioned they are never convicted.
2639:, written by Benjamin Fulk. The song "45 George Street" by
2515:
3520:
Homosexuality in Nineteenth-Century England: A Sourcebook
2450:
2334:. He was married and lived with his wife and children at
884:
Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003
874:
Sex Discrimination (Gender Reassignment) Regulations 1999
3593:
People convicted for homosexuality in the United Kingdom
3530:
Before Wilde: Sex between Men in Britain's Age of Reform
3458:
Nameless Offences, Homosexual Desire in the 19th Century
2977:. No. 15906. London. 28 September 1835. p. 4.
2616:) on 21 February 1836. Bonill died at the age of 74 at
3474:
3130:. No. 15959. London. 28 November 1835. p. 3.
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
3369:
The final song on our Neighbours and Sisters album...
2858:
2856:
2854:
1022:
National AIDS Trust v NHS Service Commissioning Board
3383:
James and John: A True Story of Prejudice and Murder
2648:
James and John: A True Story of Prejudice and Murder
2865:"Pratt & Smith – Last UK men hanged for sodomy"
2806:
2781:
2719:The sentence of death was mandatory, but under the
939:
Northern Ireland (Executive Formation etc) Act 2019
2928:
2851:
2496:the three men to trial, subsequently wrote to the
929:Marriage and Civil Partnership (Scotland) Act 2014
904:Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2007
3054:
2741:This had happened 13 years earlier in 1822, when
1545:
3549:
2801:Trial of JOHN SMITH, JAMES PRATT, WILLIAM BONILL
27:Last people to be executed for sodomy in England
3497:
3455:
2077:MSM activity not grounds for military discharge
2034:Gay men allowed to donate blood (1 yr deferral)
1658:Plans to make lesbian activity illegal defeated
846:Merchant Shipping (Homosexual Conduct) Act 2017
3196:. Convict Records of Australia. Archived from
2973:"Central Criminal Court, Saturday, Sept. 26".
3516:
3314:"Episode #11 — Particular Disposition (2018)"
3049:The Charles Dickens Page – A Visit to Newgate
2330:James Pratt was born in 1805 and worked as a
2196:
1732:MSM activity made legal (England & Wales)
3568:19th-century executions by England and Wales
3436:
2939:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2003:Incitement to homophobic hatred made a crime
3437:Brady, Sean; Seymour, Mark (25 July 2019).
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2862:
2829:. No. 20273. London. 28 November 1835.
2218:(1805–1835), also known as John Pratt, and
2132:Blood donation deferral 3 months (incl. NI)
2096:Blood donation deferral 3 months (excl. NI)
914:Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008
3065:. No. 2664. London. 23 November 1835.
2203:
2189:
819:Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
2840:
2838:
2836:
2664:councillor Victor Chamberlain proposed a
2599:The event was sufficiently notable for a
2425:John Smith was born in 1795 and was from
1928:MSM activity involving multiple men legal
909:Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008
3527:
2926:
2901:
2708:See: Lauterbach and Alber (2009), p. 49.
2576:Pratt and Smith were hanged in front of
2563:
1788:
3405:
2936:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2879:
2620:in Van Diemen's Land on 29 April 1841.
738:NHS Gender Identity Development Service
14:
3550:
3498:Lauterbach, Frank; Alber, Jan (2009).
3380:
3142:"A history of London's Newgate prison"
2989:"The men killed under the Buggery Act"
2833:
2803:. (t18350921-1934, 21 September 1835).
2533:; Dickens wrote an account of this in
2456:
3267:2018austinfilmfestivalandco.sched.com
2761:A History of London's Newgate Prison
2471:Offences Against the Person Act 1828
2054:Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013
1583:Offences Against the Person Act 1828
1358:BFI Flare: London LGBT Film Festival
924:Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013
824:Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 2000
802:Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980
778:Offences Against the Person Act 1861
773:Offences Against the Person Act 1828
3175:(1835), London printed by T. Birt.
3039:Lauterbach and Alber (2009), p. 49.
1606:Death penalty for buggery abolished
24:
3532:. University of California Press.
2799: (accessed 27 January 2018),
1910:Gay men allowed in HM Armed Forces
1328:GFest – gayWise LGBT Arts Festival
25:
3614:
3598:1835 crimes in the United Kingdom
2690:The Proceedings of the Old Bailey
2141:Blood donation deferral equalised
1859:Age of consent for MSM becomes 18
722:Gender identity, sex and intersex
3583:19th-century English LGBT people
3406:Ramirez, Isabel (7 April 2024).
3162:Brady and Seymour (2019), p. 49.
3075:Brady and Seymour (2019), p. 51.
3021:Brady and Seymour (2019), p. 50.
2672:to commemorate Pratt and Smith.
2630:United Kingdom National Archives
2169:
2157:
1451:Campaign for Homosexual Equality
1258:Labour Campaign for Trans Rights
1006:Goodwin & I v United Kingdom
998:Smith and Grady v United Kingdom
632:
614:
598:
582:
566:
550:
534:
518:
502:
486:
470:
454:
438:
422:
406:
388:
351:
333:
317:
301:
285:
269:
253:
237:
221:
205:
189:
156:
140:
124:
93:
77:
49:
3502:. University of Toronto Press.
3429:
3399:
3374:
3362:
3336:
3306:
3280:
3256:
3234:
3212:
3186:
3165:
3156:
3134:
3116:
3091:
3078:
3069:
3042:
3033:
3024:
3015:
3006:
2981:
2966:
2752:
2735:
2726:
2713:
2654:MP published in February 2024.
2589:The report of the execution in
2405:(posthumously pardoned in 2017)
2310:(posthumously pardoned in 2017)
1870:becomes first openly lesbian MP
1639:found guilty of gross indecency
3222:. Convict Records of Australia
2920:
2699:
2682:
2241:
2045:becomes first openly trans MEP
1920:Age of consent equalised to 16
1814:elected as first openly gay MP
1198:Black Gay Men's Advisory Group
879:Adoption and Children Act 2002
807:Homosexual Offences Order 1982
543:British Indian Ocean Territory
13:
1:
3144:. www.capitalpunishmentuk.org
2915:Old Bailey Proceedings Online
2863:Ryan, Frank (24 March 2015).
2797:Old Bailey Proceedings Online
2769:
2572:in London, early 19th century
1959:Civil partnerships introduced
1892:becomes first openly gay Lord
1572:Buggery Act extended to Wales
1456:Homosexual Law Reform Society
3051:, www.charlesdickenspage.com
2960:UK public library membership
2774:
1511:Violence against LGBT people
7:
3578:Executed people from London
2867:. Peter Tatchell Foundation
2721:Judgement of Death Act 1823
2227:spied on, was nevertheless
1970:Gender Recognition Act 2004
1648:The Cave of the Golden Calf
1182:LGBT advocacy & support
990:Sutherland v United Kingdom
894:Gender Recognition Act 2004
834:Policing and Crime Act 2017
623:Saint Helena, Ascension and
527:British Antarctic Territory
342:Saint Helena, Ascension and
10:
3619:
3588:People executed for sodomy
3528:Upchurch, Charles (2009).
3481:Greenwood World Publishing
2551:Royal Prerogative of Mercy
2362:27 November 1835 (aged 40)
2267:27 November 1835 (aged 30)
1802:barred from donating blood
1593:James Pratt and John Smith
1014:HJ and HT v Home Secretary
889:Civil Partnership Act 2004
863:Protection and recognition
3441:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
3385:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
2889:. Pink News. 17 July 2017
2623:
2525:and the newspaper editor
2473:, which had replaced the
2432:
2419:
2409:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2358:
2350:
2343:
2324:
2314:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2263:
2255:
2248:
2124:legal across UK, incl. NI
1936:Same sex couples granted
1120:Canal Street (Manchester)
3456:Cocks, Dr Harry (2010).
3288:"Particular Disposition"
3030:Upchurch (2009), p. 112.
2927:Hamilton, J. A. (2004).
2675:
2555:transported to Australia
1627:Cleveland Street scandal
1562:Death penalty introduced
1506:First LGBT officeholders
1466:Gay Rights Working Party
1130:Pride Quarter, Liverpool
974:Dudgeon v United Kingdom
829:Sexual Offences Act 2003
797:Sexual Offences Act 1967
743:Gender Recognition Panel
360:Turks and Caicos Islands
3460:. I.B.Taurus & Co.
3061:"Multiple News Items".
1993:Equalised access to IVF
1776:AIDS reported in the UK
1243:LGBT+ Liberal Democrats
1208:Naz and Matt Foundation
1193:Hall–Carpenter Archives
3603:1830s crimes in London
3381:Bryant, Chris (2024).
3348:The Hollywood Reporter
2945:10.1093/ref:odnb/11767
2637:Particular Disposition
2573:
2546:
2511:
2463:Central Criminal Court
2427:Southwark Christchurch
1901:Admiral Duncan bombing
1110:Birmingham Gay Village
643:South Sandwich Islands
246:British Virgin Islands
18:John Pratt (died 1835)
2568:An execution outside
2567:
2541:
2506:
1938:equal rights to adopt
1765:made legal (Scotland)
1753:Jeremy Thorpe resigns
1383:Nottinghamshire Pride
1338:Homotopia (Liverpool)
869:Public Order Act 1986
641:South Georgia and the
495:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
214:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
43:in the United Kingdom
3012:Cocks (2010), p. 38.
2618:New Norfolk Hospital
2521:On 5 November 1835,
2479:penal transportation
2385:Execution by hanging
2290:Execution by hanging
1616:Labouchere Amendment
1461:Gay Liberation Front
784:Labouchere Amendment
180:Overseas Territories
3292:Playwrights' Center
2993:The British Library
2643:tells their story.
2457:Trial and execution
2381:Cause of death
2286:Cause of death
1995:for lesbian couples
1949:Section 28 repealed
1501:List of politicians
1248:LGBT+ Conservatives
695:History of violence
35:Part of a series on
2574:
2490:Hensleigh Wedgwood
2110:gay marriage in NI
2067:same-sex marriages
2011:Public apology to
1471:Order of Chaeronea
1403:Pride in Liverpool
1353:LGBT History Month
1125:Old Compton Street
1038:AB v CD and others
966:X v United Kingdom
728:Transgender rights
664:Sexual orientation
116:Crown dependencies
3448:978-1-350-02390-1
3350:. 30 October 2018
3099:"British Library"
2958:(Subscription or
2747:Bishop of Clogher
2641:Bird in the Belly
2601:printed broadside
2502:Lord John Russell
2423:
2422:
2328:
2327:
2213:
2212:
2146:
2145:
2025:Equality Act 2010
1823:Operation Spanner
1755:as Liberal leader
1333:Glasgay! Festival
1228:Outright Scotland
958:Corbett v Corbett
919:Equality Act 2010
899:Equality Act 2006
710:Same-sex marriage
690:Civil partnership
648:
647:
375:Same-sex marriage
365:
364:
170:
169:
107:
106:
16:(Redirected from
3610:
3543:
3524:
3513:
3494:
3471:
3452:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3378:
3372:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3320:. Archived from
3318:The 21st Rewrite
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3220:"William Bonill"
3216:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3200:on 12 March 2020
3190:
3184:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3154:
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3019:
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2999:
2985:
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2970:
2964:
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2955:
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2951:
2932:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2860:
2849:
2842:
2831:
2830:
2827:The Morning Post
2819:
2804:
2794:
2763:
2756:
2750:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2724:
2717:
2711:
2703:
2697:
2694:The Morning Post
2686:
2670:Blackfriars Road
2662:Liberal Democrat
2592:The Morning Post
2488:The magistrate,
2475:1533 Buggery Act
2439:Blackfriars Road
2410:Criminal penalty
2399:
2341:
2340:
2315:Criminal penalty
2304:
2246:
2245:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2164:LGBTQ portal
2162:
2161:
2160:
1981:Discrimination
1838:comes into force
1790:
1719:Wolfenden report
1680:begins crackdown
1564:for MSM activity
1547:
1539:
1538:
1363:Manchester Pride
1303:Birmingham Pride
1273:The Gender Trust
1268:Press for Change
1233:Switchboard (UK)
1030:Bell v Tavistock
791:Wolfenden report
768:Buggery Act 1533
685:Christian nation
637:
636:
635:
625:Tristan da Cunha
619:
618:
617:
607:Pitcairn Islands
603:
602:
601:
587:
586:
585:
575:Falkland Islands
571:
570:
569:
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554:
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538:
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523:
522:
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507:
506:
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491:
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475:
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459:
458:
457:
443:
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431:Northern Ireland
427:
426:
425:
411:
410:
409:
393:
392:
391:
384:
383:
356:
355:
354:
344:Tristan da Cunha
338:
337:
336:
326:Pitcairn Islands
322:
321:
320:
306:
305:
304:
290:
289:
288:
278:Falkland Islands
274:
273:
272:
258:
257:
256:
242:
241:
240:
226:
225:
224:
210:
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194:
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192:
185:
184:
161:
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145:
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143:
129:
128:
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102:Northern Ireland
98:
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96:
82:
81:
80:
73:
72:
53:
32:
31:
21:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3563:English gay men
3548:
3547:
3546:
3540:
3510:
3491:
3468:
3449:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3404:
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3140:
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3122:
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3107:
3105:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3088:(2007), p. 110.
3083:
3079:
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3016:
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2972:
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2957:
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2913:
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2892:
2890:
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2880:
2870:
2868:
2861:
2852:
2848:(2007), p. 109.
2843:
2834:
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2795:
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2772:
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2766:
2757:
2753:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2700:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2668:be unveiled on
2657:In April 2024,
2626:
2536:Sketches by Boz
2523:Charles Dickens
2459:
2435:
2395:
2376:
2363:
2346:
2300:
2281:
2268:
2251:
2244:
2236:Alan Turing law
2209:
2180:
2170:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2148:
2147:
2043:Nikki Sinclaire
1743:Gay Pride Rally
1710:commits suicide
1678:John Nott-Bower
1536:
1526:
1525:
1516:HIV/AIDS crisis
1491:
1483:
1476:
1475:
1441:
1433:
1432:
1408:Pride in London
1348:Leicester Pride
1323:Doncaster Pride
1288:
1278:
1277:
1218:LGBT Foundation
1183:
1175:
1168:
1167:
1148:
1140:
1139:
1105:
1095:
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1060:
1052:
1045:
1044:
952:
944:
943:
864:
856:
855:
839:Alan Turing law
763:
755:
748:
747:
733:Intersex rights
723:
715:
714:
705:Military policy
665:
657:
650:
649:
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631:
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389:
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109:
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78:
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42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3616:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3545:
3544:
3539:978-0520258532
3538:
3525:
3514:
3509:978-0802098979
3508:
3495:
3490:978-1846450020
3489:
3472:
3466:
3453:
3447:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3398:
3391:
3373:
3361:
3335:
3324:on 2 June 2019
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2712:
2698:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2666:rainbow plaque
2625:
2622:
2578:Newgate Prison
2570:Newgate Prison
2531:Newgate Prison
2498:Home Secretary
2458:
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2366:Newgate Prison
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2279:United Kingdom
2271:Newgate Prison
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1778:
1774:First case of
1772:
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1741:First British
1739:
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1428:Worthing Pride
1425:
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1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1378:Northern Pride
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
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1325:
1320:
1315:
1313:Brighton Pride
1310:
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680:Blood donation
677:
675:Age of consent
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656:Policy aspects
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559:Cayman Islands
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3467:9781848850903
3463:
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3413:
3412:Souhwark News
3409:
3402:
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3392:9781526644978
3388:
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3309:
3294:. 3 July 2018
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2743:Percy Jocelyn
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2559:Privy Council
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2397:Conviction(s)
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2176:UK portal
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1818:
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1796:
1795:
1792:
1785:MSM activity
1784:
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1763:MSM activity
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1521:Death penalty
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1443:
1440:Former groups
1437:
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1429:
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1424:
1423:Swansea Pride
1421:
1419:
1418:Reading Pride
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1398:Pride in Hull
1396:
1394:
1393:Pride Glasgow
1391:
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1318:Bristol Pride
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1174:Organisations
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34:
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30:
19:
3529:
3519:
3499:
3476:
3457:
3438:
3430:Bibliography
3417:14 September
3415:. Retrieved
3411:
3401:
3382:
3376:
3364:
3352:. Retrieved
3347:
3338:
3326:. Retrieved
3322:the original
3317:
3308:
3296:. Retrieved
3291:
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3266:
3258:
3246:. Retrieved
3236:
3224:. Retrieved
3214:
3202:. Retrieved
3198:the original
3188:
3167:
3158:
3146:. Retrieved
3136:
3127:
3118:
3106:. Retrieved
3102:
3093:
3085:
3080:
3071:
3063:The Standard
3062:
3056:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3017:
3008:
2996:. Retrieved
2992:
2983:
2974:
2968:
2948:. Retrieved
2934:
2922:
2891:. Retrieved
2881:
2869:. Retrieved
2845:
2826:
2796:
2760:
2754:
2737:
2728:
2715:
2707:
2701:
2693:
2689:
2684:
2656:
2652:Chris Bryant
2647:
2645:
2636:
2634:
2627:
2607:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2588:
2581:
2575:
2547:
2542:
2534:
2520:
2512:
2507:
2487:
2483:
2467:Baron Gurney
2460:
2447:
2436:
2424:
2329:
2233:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2122:Gay marriage
2116:
2060:
2019:
1983:made illegal
1976:
1964:
1954:
1944:
1915:
1881:found guilty
1868:Angela Eagle
1854:
1847:Stonewall UK
1830:
1787:made legal (
1726:
1600:
1592:
1577:
1556:
1550:made illegal
1413:Pride Scotia
1373:Mr Gay Wales
1286:Pride events
1253:LGBT+ Labour
1223:LGBT Network
1103:Gay villages
1036:
1028:
1020:
1012:
1004:
996:
988:
980:
972:
964:
956:
811:
789:
782:
396:
41:LGBT rights
29:
3558:1835 deaths
3171:Anonymous,
3124:"Execution"
2998:15 November
2823:"Execution"
2250:James Pratt
2242:Biographies
2229:transported
2216:James Pratt
2088:implemented
2013:Alan Turing
1812:Chris Smith
1708:Alan Turing
1689:Pitt-Rivers
1669:transitions
1667:Mark Weston
1637:Oscar Wilde
1388:Pride Cymru
1343:Leeds Pride
1308:Bourne Free
1298:Big Gay Out
762:Criminality
754:Legislation
479:Isle of Man
165:Isle of Man
59:By location
3552:Categories
3371:, facebook
3226:14 October
2962:required.)
2893:31 October
2871:1 December
2770:References
2583:The Times'
2527:John Black
2492:, who had
2345:John Smith
2220:John Smith
2086:Turing law
2069:take place
1836:Section 28
1699:imprisoned
1697:Wildeblood
1618:introduced
1293:BiCon (UK)
1090:Manchester
951:Litigation
813:Section 28
310:Montserrat
3128:The Times
3103:www.bl.uk
2975:The Times
2950:7 January
2775:Citations
2659:Southwark
2494:committed
2465:, before
2443:Southwark
2106:legislate
1890:Lord Alli
1548:activity
1368:Mr Gay UK
1188:Stonewall
1115:The Calls
1080:Liverpool
982:R v Brown
591:Gibraltar
379:territory
294:Gibraltar
3248:29 April
3181:83814830
3148:24 March
3108:30 April
2614:Tasmania
2529:visited
2338:, Kent.
2336:Deptford
1879:Bolton 7
1800:Gay men
1721:released
1595:executed
1534:Timeline
1496:Timeline
1446:OutRage!
1263:Mermaids
1238:NUS LGBT
1163:Cruising
1147:Gay male
1135:Vauxhall
1065:Brighton
700:HIV/AIDS
670:Adoption
447:Guernsey
415:Scotland
198:Anguilla
133:Guernsey
86:Scotland
3204:7 March
2403:Buggery
2308:Buggery
1693:Montagu
1482:History
1070:Cardiff
1059:By city
1051:Culture
511:Bermuda
230:Bermuda
3536:
3506:
3487:
3464:
3445:
3389:
3354:2 June
3328:2 June
3298:2 June
3272:2 June
3179:
2956:
2624:Legacy
2433:Arrest
2370:London
2275:London
2224:sodomy
2065:First
1825:begins
1490:Topics
1158:Saunas
1153:Polari
1075:London
1041:(2021)
1033:(2021)
1025:(2016)
1017:(2010)
1009:(2002)
1001:(1999)
993:(1994)
985:(1993)
977:(1981)
969:(1978)
961:(1969)
463:Jersey
149:Jersey
3086:et al
3084:Cook
2846:et al
2844:Cook
2676:Notes
2414:Death
2332:groom
2319:Death
1849:forms
1650:opens
1578:1828
1213:FFLAG
1085:Leeds
3573:Duos
3534:ISBN
3504:ISBN
3485:ISBN
3462:ISBN
3443:ISBN
3419:2024
3387:ISBN
3356:2019
3330:2019
3300:2019
3274:2019
3250:2022
3244:1835
3228:2013
3206:2014
3177:OCLC
3150:2013
3110:2022
3000:2019
2952:2010
2895:2021
2873:2015
2609:Asia
2516:bail
2359:Died
2354:1795
2351:Born
2264:Died
2259:1805
2256:Born
2137:2021
2129:2020
2117:2020
2108:for
2104:MPs
2101:2019
2093:2017
2082:2017
2074:2016
2061:2014
2050:2013
2039:2013
2031:2011
2020:2010
2008:2009
2000:2008
1989:2008
1977:2006
1965:2004
1955:2004
1945:2003
1933:2002
1925:2001
1916:2001
1907:2000
1897:1999
1886:1998
1875:1998
1864:1997
1855:1994
1843:1989
1831:1988
1819:1987
1808:1984
1797:1983
1782:1982
1771:1981
1760:1981
1749:1976
1738:1972
1727:1967
1715:1957
1704:1954
1685:1954
1674:1952
1663:1936
1655:1921
1644:1912
1633:1895
1623:1889
1612:1885
1601:1861
1589:1835
1569:1543
1557:1533
2941:doi
2650:by
2451:ale
1546:MSM
1542:342
1203:Akt
377:by
3554::
3483:.
3479:.
3410:.
3346:.
3316:.
3290:.
3126:.
3101:.
2991:.
2933:.
2903:^
2853:^
2835:^
2825:.
2808:^
2783:^
2745:,
2632:.
2500:,
2441:,
2372:,
2368:,
2277:,
2273:,
1789:NI
1695:,
1691:,
3542:.
3523:.
3512:.
3493:.
3470:.
3451:.
3421:.
3395:.
3358:.
3332:.
3302:.
3276:.
3252:.
3230:.
3208:.
3152:.
3112:.
3002:.
2954:.
2943::
2897:.
2875:.
2710:)
2706:(
2204:e
2197:t
2190:v
1791:)
20:)
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