956:" and was originally set for piano accompaniment, although "De Blue Tail Fly" was marketed in Boston as one of "Emmett's Banjo Melodies". The four-part chorus favors a single bass and three tenors: the first and third tenors harmonize in thirds with the second completes the triads or doubles the root, sometimes crossing the melody line. The versions published in 1846 differed rather markedly: "De Blue Tail Fly" is modal (although Lhamar emends its B♠notation to C minor) and hexatonic; "Jim Crack Corn", meanwhile, is in G major and more easily singable. Its simplicity has made it a common beginner's tune for acoustic guitar. The melody is a chain of thirds (G-B, F♯-A, G-B, -C, B-D, C-E) harmonized a third above and below in the manner of the choruses in
224:
101:
1122:", it could also refer to the slave being so overcome that he has no concern about his rotgut alcohol. The 1811 Dictionary of Vulgar Tongue by Francis Grose defines a jimcrack as a "spruce woman", so perhaps the lyric refers to the slave being so sad he doesn't have interest in an approaching beautiful woman.
1249:
hits, it is quite possible Emmett simply received credit for arranging and publishing an existing
African-American song. The song was certainly picked up by slaves and became widely popular among them. The chorus of the song not uncommonly appeared in the middle of other African-American folk songs,
1040:. There has been much debate, however, over the subtext. In the 19th century, the singer was often considered mournful and despondent at his master's death; in the 20th, celebratory: "Jimmy Crack Corn" has been called "the baldest, most loving account of the master's demise" in American song.
1173:
have been named "Jim Crack" or "Blue Tail Fly" and, in at least one early-20th century variant of the song, it's given as the name of the horse that killed the master, but that is not a common element of the song. (Another uncommon variant appeared in the 1847
1426:
in
December 2006 raised some controversy when a character having a conversation with "Jim" begins referring to him by every nickname he can think of including Jimmy Crack Corn. Following "a half dozen complaints", Cingular edited out the sequence.
3679:
2195:
As early as the next year (1847), a minstrel song devoted to the travails of Jim Crack Corn's wedding day appeared in the same London songbook as the first
British version of "Jimmy Crack Corn", which is given as "Jim Crack
1043:
The debate has been further muddled by changes to the refrain over time. Throughout the 19th century, the lines referred to "Jim", "Jim Crack", or "Jim Crack Corn" and lacked any conjunction across the line's
1104:("worthless"): The narrator is so overcome with emotion (be it pleasure or sorrow) that he has no concern at all about his gimcrack cracked corn, his substandard rations. Since "corn" was also a common rural
206:'s death in a horse-riding accident. The song, however, is also interpreted as having a subtext of celebration about that death and of the slave having contributed to it through deliberate negligence or even
1201:, leaving him chickenfeed; the same lines could also just be asking for the whiskey jug to be passed around. The idea that Jim or Jimmy is "cracking open" a jug of whiskey is similarly unsupported: that
1133:
slang meaning "to gossip" or "to sit around chitchatting"; that the singer is resting from his oversight duties and allowing Jim to steal corn or corn liquor; that "Jim Crack" is simply a synonym for "
1842:
Minstrel Songs, Old and New, a
Collection of World-Wide, Famous Minstrel and Plantation Songs, Including the Most Popular of the Celebrated Foster Melodies; Arranged with Piano-Forte Accompaniment
2479:
1480:"De Blue Tail Fly" was published by both Keith's Music House and Oliver Ditson in Boston in 1846, but Eric Lott (citing Hans Nathan) gives the version a date of 1844. This probably refers to
502:"De Blue Tail Fly" was published by both Keith's Music House and Oliver Ditson in Boston in 1846, but Eric Lott (citing Hans Nathan) gives the version a date of 1844. This probably refers to
510:, which has sometimes been mistakenly attributed to 1844; in fact, that series did not begin publishing until 1847 and did not include Christy's version of this song until its 1848 edition.
1488:, which has sometimes been mistakenly attributed to 1844; in fact, that series did not begin publishing until 1847 and did not include Christy's version of this song until its 1848 edition.
2903:
discussion on Mudcat.org gives several variants of title and lyrics, early publication information; its links include numerous other discussions of the song. Accessed
September 10, 2005.
4346:
1375:
3671:
1205:
is attested at least as early as 1803 but initially applied to literal ruptures; its application to opening the cap or cork of a bottle of alcohol was a later development.
4378:
2253:
1250:
one of which may have been its original source. The song differed from other minstrel tunes in long remaining popular among
African Americans: it was recorded by both
1021:
is convened to investigate the master's death, or the singer is criminally charged with that death, but owing to the "blue-tail fly," the slave escapes culpability.
3647:
1827:
The
Ethiopian Glee Book: Containing the Songs Sung by the Christy Minstrels, with Many Other Popular Negro Melodies, in Four Parts, Arranged for Quartett Clubs
1193:(here being allowed into the old master's corn fields instead of being chased away) or deriving "jimmy" from "gimme" are unsupported by the existing records.
3759:
2496:
1324:
article averred that "instead of ... chronicling the life cycle of the blue-tailed fly", the "most sought-after folk singers in the business"—including
4442:
4215:
2313:
2248:
4410:
4418:
4386:
1198:
1166:
4169:
4637:
1197:, for instance, is said to have maintained that the original lyrics were "gimme cracked corn" and referred to a punishment in which a slave's
2841:
2211:: "This dress, you must know, is 'made of Mammy's old one' like Jim Crack Corn's coat—Little Diary, I am afraid you do not know very much of
1398:) to perform and market the work as a children's sing-along. Usually under the name "Jimmy Crack Corn", it remains common at campfires and
1268:
was an admirer of the tune, calling it "that buzzing song". Throughout the 19th century, it was usually accompanied by the harmonica or by
17:
1963:
Letter of 20 Sept 1897 in the "Report of the
Commissioners on Inland Fisheries and Game for the Year Ending December 31, 1897", p. 12
1861:
Christy's Nigga
Songster, Containing Songs As Are Sung by Christy's, Pierce's, White's Sable Brothers, & Dumbleton's Band of Minstrels
4426:
2005:
4512:
2387:
2279:
2176:
238:
4183:
2941:
2142:
1952:
The blue-bottle fly now appears in
British proverbs as the "blue-arsed fly" but this name does not seem to predate the 20th century.
972:. He is then charged with protecting the master out of doors—and his horse as well—from the "blue-tailed fly". This is possibly the
4647:
4370:
4164:
3938:
1336:—were "singing with hot-eyed fervor about police dogs and racial murder". All the same, Seeger claimed to have been present when
4101:
3922:
3842:
2069:
3874:
3703:
2910:
2050:
1988:
1609:
1691:
788:
Sometimes mistakenly attributed to 1844. With some minor change of punctuation, this is the version that was republished by
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4282:
3719:
234:
1533:
4362:
4258:
3527:
1182:
188:
3079:
2404:
1014:
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3161:
2535:
The Medical Repository, and Review of American Publications on Medicine, Surgery, and the Auxiliary Branches of Science
2823:
4612:
4159:
4119:
1584:
1457:
203:
147:
129:
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4322:
4207:
3978:
2338:: "There was an old hair trunk in one corner, and a guitar-box in another, and all sorts of little knickknacks and
1451:
984:
1071:. This has obscured some of the possible original meanings: some have argued that—as "Jim" was a generic name for
4607:
4149:
3711:
1364:
1145:) open during his fall. The 1847 version of the song published in London singularly has the lyrics "Jim Crack com
1510:), 1846. Hosted by the Temple Sheet Music Collections at the Temple University Libraries. Accessed July 1, 2014.
1075:
in minstrel songs—the song's "Jim" was the same person as its blackface narrator: Speaking about himself in the
4290:
4191:
31:
1067:
converted the name to "Jimmy" or "Jimmie" and the "and" appeared, both putting more stress on their measures'
4491:
4402:
4039:
3866:
3771:
3655:
3522:
3357:
2934:
1437:
1284:
and likely played along on his harmonica. It is said that he asked for it to be played as the lead-in to his
1024:
The chorus can be mystifying to modern listeners, but its straightforward meaning is that someone is roughly
2909:
discussion on Mudcat.org includes discussion of lyrics, cites further sources. Accessed September 10, 2005.
4642:
4597:
4505:
4450:
4434:
4314:
4199:
4154:
3820:
3511:
3418:
3315:
1811:
Songs of Ireland and Other Lands; Being a Collection of the Most Popular Irish, Sentimental and Comic Songs
1627:"De Blue Tail Fly." Keith's Music Publishing House (Boston), 1846. Reprinted in Mahar, pp. 237 f.
1503:
1072:
978:
199:
3091:
4223:
4124:
3970:
3326:
1307:
181:
2780:
4632:
4627:
4571:
4330:
4306:
3735:
3516:
2961:
2869:
2615:
2523:, but the rougher milling involved in its production has associated it with livestock in other regions.
1825:
1763:
4622:
4394:
4032:
3695:
3663:
3428:
2520:
2369:
2270:
2087:
1360:
1310:
through the '50s and early '60s before losing favor to more politically charged fare, as parodied by
116:
3206:
4617:
4540:
4484:
4354:
3743:
3388:
2927:
2589:
2111:
1770:
1229:", the tune was one of the breakout hits of the genre and continued to headline Emmett's acts with
3183:
2845:
2020:
1911:, e.g., uses the tune as its first two lessons, on tuning the guitar and performing basic scratch.
1809:
4602:
4554:
4251:
3613:
3537:
3459:
3342:
2994:
1962:
1867:
at Uncle Tom's Cabin & American Culture at the University of Virginia. Accessed July 1, 2014.
1718:
1651:
at Uncle Tom's Cabin & American Culture at the University of Virginia. Accessed July 1, 2014.
994:
250:
2676:
184:
and has since become a popular children's song. Over the years, several variants have appeared.
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3914:
3403:
3231:
3114:
3097:
3018:
2640:
2551:
2083:
2065:
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which mimicked the buzzing of the fly (which on at least one occasion was noted disrupting the
1108:
1010:
503:
2880:
2533:
2038:
1976:
1840:
1738:
1535:
Behind the Burnt Cork Mask: Early Blackface Minstrelsy and Antebellum American Popular Culture
4526:
4338:
3946:
3882:
3495:
3469:
3367:
3131:
3066:
2988:
2805:
2660:
2582:
2159:
2102:
1892:
1553:
1230:
1080:
207:
2605:, Vol. III: "Slaves and Masters, 1567—1854", p. 52. Encyclopædia Britannica, 1969.
1877:
1165:); the same version explicitly makes the fly's name a wordplay on the earlier minstrel hit "
195:
versions now predominate. The basic narrative remains intact. On the surface, the song is a
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4458:
4144:
4134:
3796:
3687:
3580:
3382:
1759:
1222:
1150:
1125:
Other suppositions include that "cracking" or "cracking corn" referred to the now-obsolete
169:
246:
8:
4533:
4519:
4139:
3751:
3542:
3449:
3331:
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3285:
3178:
2732:
2584:
Jump Jim Crow: Lost Plays, Lyrics, and Street Prose of the First Atlantic Popular Culture
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75:
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A surf version (inspired by "Beatnik Fly"), "Foam And Fiberglass", was recorded by
1251:
1245:
in 1846, although it is sometimes mistakenly dated to 1844. However, as with later
1105:
196:
192:
2906:
2900:
1601:
1410:'s compositions (both titled "Jimmy Crack Corn")—playing on the present usage of "
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973:
1940:
1504:
No. 5. "Jim Crack Corn or the Blue tail Fly, Composed for the Piano Forte".
3585:
3565:
3552:
3490:
3454:
3377:
3295:
3212:
3149:
3012:
3006:
2678:
Front Porch Songs, Jokes, & Stories: 48 Great Southern Sing-Along Favorites
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1234:
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An instrumental rock & roll rendition, "Beatnik Fly", was recorded by
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1399:
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published in New York: it has the slave being given away by the master.)
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66:
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1141:; or that it is all code for the old master "Jim" cracking his "corn" (
83:
4267:
2106:
1507:
1403:
1333:
1303:
1238:
1237:. The song was first published (with two distinct sets of lyrics) in
1170:
1112:
1064:
1025:
168:" is an American song which first became popular during the rise of
3780:
3464:
3422:
2919:
1794:
1577:
Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class
1134:
1068:
968:
The first verses usually establish that the singer was initially a
1863:, pp. 45–47. T.W. Strong (New York), c. 1850. Hosted in
3850:
1368:
1269:
1119:
1056:
1045:
1037:
1006:
989:
3736:
Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States
3812:
2731:
Seeger related that Lomax claimed to have learnt the song from
2512:
2116:
1644:
1407:
1242:
1033:
3672:
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave
2748:
Holden, Stephen. "The Cream of Folk, Reunited for a Cause" in
1181:
Explanations of the song based upon "jimmy" or "jimmie" being
1013:. In this, the singer, ultimately, is unsuccessful; the horse
270:
2516:
1598:
The Viking Book of Folk Ballads of the English Speaking World
1281:
1221:, whose shows in New York City in the mid-1840s helped raise
1142:
1138:
1116:
1029:
4236:
1720:
The Book of World-Famous Music: Classical, Popular, and Folk
1579:, pp. 199–200. Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1993.
1348:
in New York City in 1993 was Ives' last public performance.
2388:
5 Terrifying Origin Stories Behind Popular Children's Songs
2006:"Learn to live with and respect horse flies and deer flies"
1815:. D. & J. Sadlier & Co. (New York), 1847.
1190:
1186:
1060:
47:
2328:
In its noun sense of "trinket" or "bauble", it appears in
1896:, Vol. I: 1846, p. 62: "New Music by C.H. Keith"
2844:. CBS Broadcasting Inc. December 16, 2006. Archived from
1341:
3648:
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano
2767:
Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles, 14th Edition: 1955-2012
2105:'s notes using the expression "cracked corn" to explain
1447:", another minstrel song still sung by American children
1402:. It is also sampled in a number of rap songs—including
376:
2274:
dates the variant spelling to the 17th century but the
1137:" by means of the dialectical "crack" to reference the
603:
2885:
From My People: 400 Years of African American Folklore
2283:
still included it as a separate entry as late as 1908.
1659:
1657:
2629: Jim crack corn, I don't care ...
1773:), 1925. Hosted at Archive.org. Accessed 3 July 2014.
1367:, catalog number M-520. It charted on the Billboard
1390:
Seeger maintained that the song's subtext gave it a
2627: An' lef' dis Nigger a-hoein' up corn.
2036:
1654:
1090:Another now-obscured possible meaning derives from
121:References should only be after punctuation as per
4216:Amazing Grace: An Anthology of Poems about Slavery
1974:
1667:, pp. 429–431. University of Oklahoma Press (
917:
2870:Full lyrics of Dorothy Scarborough's 1925 account
2447: An' flinged old Master in de ditch.
1665:Dan Emmett and the Rise of Early Negro Minstrelsy
4584:
2824:"Mike Adams And The Red Jackets – Surfer's Beat"
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
4170:List of last surviving American enslaved people
2443: How Master rode de blue-tail fly.
1981:Kaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America
1371:at number 15 in the US, and number 8 in the UK.
1295:, the "Blue Tail Fly" was repopularized by the
3760:Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo"
2416:A usage attested as early as the 18th century.
2204:years reports he also appeared as a figure in
1965:. Wright & Potter Printing (Boston), 1898.
4252:
2935:
2569:, Vol. 18, p. 55. Ziff-Davis, 1967.
1883:. D. Appleton & Company (New York), 1893.
1562:
1233:into the 1860s. It was also a common song of
598: Jim Crack com', &c.
2623: When he died he'd set me free.
1276:, Australia.). Lincoln would ask his friend
795:
587: Jim Crack com', &c.
576: Jim Crack com', &c.
565: Jim Crack com', &c.
2842:"Cingular Pulls Ad After Racism Complaints"
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1153:(presumably an overseer or new owner) or a
1083:, he has no concern with his demotion to a
554: Jim Crack com', &c
4259:
4245:
2942:
2928:
2653:
2342:around, like girls brisken up a room with.
2286:
2037:Mullens, Bradley A.; Lance Durden (2009).
1734:
1732:
1730:
1701:, Vol. 1. Smithsonian Folkways, 2002.
1213:The present song is generally credited to
1079:or repeating his new masters' commands in
4184:Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book
2714:
2712:
2577:
2575:
2405:Who is Jimmy, and why does he crack corn?
2238:" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1899.
1870:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1340:first taught the song to Burl Ives for a
1017:, and the master is thrown and killed. A
693:
684:I nebber shall forget till the day I die,
172:in the 1840s through performances by the
148:Learn how and when to remove this message
4165:Treatment of slaves in the United States
3939:Ama: A Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade
3253:(1766 Saint-Dominque – June 30, 1853 NY)
2761:
2295:Slang and Its Analogues Past and Present
2039:"Horse flies and deer flies (Tabanidae)"
2003:
1849:
1674:
1635:
1633:
1498:
1496:
1494:
688: Jim crack, &c.
513:
491:De skeeter bites y'e through your close,
365:De skeeter bites y'e through your close,
249:by adding descriptive text and removing
2706:. July 19, 1963. Accessed July 2, 2014.
2358:Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1893.
2280:Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary
2256:". W. & R. Chambers (London), 1908.
2249:Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary
2136:Elmer L. Foote Lantern Slide Collection
1968:
1805:
1803:
1727:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1623:
1621:
942: Ole—marster's—gone—away!
897:I neber shall forget till de day I die,
677: Jim crack, &c.
666: Jim crack, &c.
655: Jim crack, &c.
644: Jim crack, &c.
627:You'll soon find but dat blue tail fly.
482:I neber shall forget till de day I die,
403:From diff'rent sort ob insects springs;
14:
4585:
4102:Frederick Douglass and the White Negro
3923:Queen: The Story of an American Family
3843:Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp
2709:
2618:, where it appears in "My Ole Mistis":
2572:
2547:
2545:
2498:Four Little Blossoms at Brookside Farm
2223:
2221:
1975:Eaton, Eric R.; Kenn Kaufman. (2007).
1748:
1724:. Dover Publications (New York), 2000.
1513:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1161:(thus referencing indifference at the
906:De skeeter bite you troo your clothes;
886:'Beneath this stone I'm forced to lie,
818:From different sort ob inseck springs;
811:You'll soon find out de blue tail fly.
568:De pony jump'd, he rear'd, he pitch'd,
409: An scratch 'im wid a brier too.
398: An scratch 'im wid a brier too.
396:You'll soon find out de blue tail fly,
345:'Beneath this stone I'm forced to lie,
4638:Songs about fictional male characters
4240:
3875:Roots: The Saga of an American Family
3704:Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
3140:(c. 1745 Nigeria – 31 March 1797 Eng)
2923:
2511:In fact, cracked corn in the form of
2463:RE: Jimmy Crack Corn and I Don't Care
2457:
2455:
2390:". 21 Sept 2012. Accessed 6 Jul 2014.
2319:. Chatto & Windus (London), 1884.
1818:
1630:
1557:, 35th ann. ed., p. 32
1491:
1417:
1306:. It then became part of the general
940: Jim, crack corn, I doan' keer,
938: Jim, crack corn, I doan' keer,
936: Jim, crack corn, I doan' keer,
904:De hornet gets in your eyes and nose,
770:All by de means ob de blue-tail fly.'
768:'Beneath dis stone I'm forced to lie,
633: For massa me gave away.
594:I shall neber forget to de day I die,
187:Most versions include some idiomatic
180:in the 1940s at the beginning of the
4299:The Return of the Wayfaring Stranger
4283:Okeh Presents the Wayfaring Stranger
3720:Life and Times of Frederick Douglass
3215:(1783 England – 1821 United States)
2949:
2539:T. & Y. Swords (New York), 1803.
2495:As, for instance, in Mabel Hawley's
2045:. Academic Press. pp. 254–267.
1943:" 27 Sept 2012. Accessed 8 Jul 2014.
1800:
1704:
1618:
888:All by de means ob de blue tail fly.
707:Pass down de bottle when he get dry,
675:Dat de verdict was de blue tail fly.
631: Jim crack corn! I don't care.
585:All by de means ob de blue-tail fly.
583:Beneath de shade he's forced to lie,
579:Dey buried him 'neath a simmon tree;
541: Jim Crack com', I don't care.
539: Jim Crack com', I don't care,
537: Jim Crack com', I don't care,
489:De hornet gets in your eyes an nose,
473:All by de means ob de blue tail fly.
471:Beneath dis stone I'm forced to lie,
407:But August fotches de blue tail fly,
363:De hornet gets in your eyes an nose,
347:All by de means ob de blue tail fly.
323:One chance to bite 'im on the thigh,
284:Pass down de bottle when he git dry,
272:Jim Crack Corn, or the Blue tail Fly
217:
94:
2648:p. .1961: "November 25, 1879".
2542:
2407:" 30 Oct 1998. Accessed 6 Jul 2014.
2218:
2152:
1914:
1469:
1225:to national attention. Along with "
1032:in preparation for turning it into
893:Ole massa's gone, now let 'im rest,
864:One chance to bite 'im on de thigh,
822:But Augus fotches de blue tail fly.
746:One chance to bite him on the thigh
744:De flies so numerous dey did swarm;
715: Jim crack corn I don't care,
713: Jim crack corn I don't care,
711: Jim crack corn I don't care,
664:Kase he bitten by de blue tail fly.
660:I follow arter wid a hickory broom,
653:He tell me watch dat blue tail fly.
638:On massa's table and hand de plate,
629: Jim crack corn I don't care!
550:I pass'd de bottle when he was dry,
543: Ole Massa well a-day.
478:Ole Massa's gone, now let him rest,
462:De verdict was, de "blue tail fly."
449:One chance to bite 'im on de thigh,
401:Dar's many kind ob dese here tings,
321:De flies so numerous dey did swarm;
292: Jim crack corn I don't care,
290: Jim crack corn I don't care,
288: Jim crack corn I don't care,
24:
4371:It's Just My Funny Way of Laughin'
4059:The Escape; or, A Leap for Freedom
3931:Hang a Thousand Trees with Ribbons
3209:(c. 1710 Portugal – 1734 Montreal)
3162:Nunzio Otello Francesco Gioacchino
2452:
2315:The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
1983:. Hillstar Editions. p. 284.
930:Behine ole marster, han' he plate,
928:When I was young, I useter to wait
882:Dey laid him under a 'simmon tree,
844:He tell me watch de blue tail fly.
842:An' when he gwine to shut his eye,
809:An' in de shade you chance to lie,
807:To South Carolinar's sultry clime,
764:Dey laid 'im under a 'simmon tree,
726:He tell me watch de blue-tail fly.
724:An' when he gwine to shut his eye,
680:Ole massa's dead now let him rest,
625:And in de shade you chance to lie,
590:Ole Massa's dead, so let him res';
581:His paragraph is dere, you'll see;
552:An' brush'd away de blue-tail fly.
429:He tell me watch de blue tail fly.
414:On Massa's table an hand de plate;
356:I nebber forget till de day I die,
341:Dey laid 'im under a 'simmon tree,
303:He tell me watch de blue tail fly.
301:An' when he gwine to shut his eye,
42:"Jimmy Crack Corn (Blue-Tail Fly)"
25:
4659:
4160:Songs of the Underground Railroad
4120:Abolitionism in the United States
3628:(c. 1795 Nigeria – ? Brazil)
3259:(c. 1819 – ???, Puerto Rico)
2863:
2554:The Encyclopedia of New York City
2166:. Lewis & Son (London), 1847.
2140:Corn Cracking (Step in Moonshine)
2043:Medical and Veterinary Entomology
1552:Harris, Middleton & al.
1546:
1458:Songs of the Underground Railroad
1344:radio show and their duet at the
1087:now that his old master is dead.
934:An' bresh away dat blue-tail fly.
912:An' scratch 'um wid a briar too.
895:Dey say all tings am for de best;
875:He died and de jury wondered why—
820:Some hatch in June an' some July,
816:Dar's many kind ob curious tings,
805:If you should go, in summer time,
779:I neber forget till de day I die,
777:Dey say all tings am for de best;
775:Ole massa gone, now let 'im rest,
757:He died, an' de jury wonder'd why
748:De debble take dat blue-tail fly.
731:An' when he ride in de arternoon,
682:Dey say all tings am for de best,
671:He trowed ole massa in the ditch,
651:And when he gows to shut his eye,
592:Dey say all tings is for de bes'.
559:I follows him wid a kickeribroom;
548:On Massa—han' him roun' de plate;
480:Dey say all tings am for de best;
467:Dey laid 'im under a simmon tree,
451:De debble take dat blue tail fly.
405:Some hatch in June, an some July,
394:If in de shade you chance to lie,
354:Dey say all tings am for de best;
352:Ole massa gone, now let 'im rest,
334:He died, an' de jury wonder'd why
308:An' when he ride in de arternoon,
4208:Slave Songs of the United States
3712:The Underground Railroad Records
3622:(? Puerto Rico – 1555 Venezuela)
2883:", a modern version recorded in
2874:On the Trail of Negro Folk-Songs
2737:On the Trail of Negro Folk-songs
2642:Victoria. Parliamentary Debates,
2532:Mitchill, Samuel & al.
2441:I won't forgit till de day I die
2431:On the Trail of Negro Folk-Songs
1787:On the Trail of Negro Folk-Songs
1765:On the Trail of Negro Folk-Songs
1559:. Random House (New York), 2009.
1539:. University of Illinois Press (
1452:Slave Songs of the United States
910:But wusser yet de blue tail fly.
901:An' scratch 'um wid a briar too.
899:Ole massa an' dat blue tail fly.
890:An' scratch 'um wid a briar too.
879:An' scratch 'um wid a briar too.
868:An' scratch 'um wid a briar too.
857:An' scratch 'um wid a briar too.
855:When bitten by de blue tail fly.
846:An' scratch 'um wid a briar too.
835:An' scratch 'um wid a briar too.
833:Den brush away de blue tail fly.
829:On massa table and hand de plate
824:An' scratch 'um wid a briar too.
813:An' scratch 'um wid a briar too.
753:De poney run, he jump an' pitch,
737:When bitten by de blue-tail fly.
709:And brush away de blue-tail fly.
640:I'd pass the bottle when he dry,
636:When I was young I used to wait,
574:When bitten by de blue-tail fly.
535:An' sing about de blue-tail fly.
533:Wid your desire I'll now comply,
495:But wusser yet de blue tail fly.
456:De poney run, he jump, an pitch,
440:When bitten by de blue tail fly.
427:An when he gwine to shut he eye,
416:I'de pass de bottle when he dry,
412:When I was young, I used to wait
369:But wusser yet de blue tail fly.
358:Ole massa an' dat blue tail fly.
330:De poney run, he jump an' pitch,
325:De debble take dat blu tail fly.
314:When bitten by de blue tail fly.
286:And bresh away de blue tail fly.
222:
99:
4648:Songs of the American Civil War
3588:(19th century Indian Territory)
3562:(1766 Saint-Dominque – 1853 NY)
2834:
2816:
2798:
2773:
2769:. Record Research. p. 438.
2755:
2742:
2725:
2722:. Music Sales (New York), 1961.
2685:
2669:
2634:
2608:
2595:
2560:
2526:
2505:
2489:
2472:
2433:, credited to Garnett Eskew of
2419:
2410:
2393:
2376:
2361:
2345:
2322:
2302:
2259:
2241:
2189:
2169:
2128:
2095:
2077:
2059:
2030:
1997:
1955:
1946:
1930:
1901:
1886:
1846:. Oliver Ditson (Boston), 1882.
1834:
1776:
1641:De Blue Tail Fly. A Negro Song.
1396:American Folksongs for Children
1394:element but began (with 1953's
1149:", which could refer to a poor
1048:; following the rise of highly-
932:An' pass de bottle when he dry,
877:De verdic was de blue tail fly.
866:De debil take de blue tail fly.
862:De flies so numerous did swarm,
831:I'd pass de bottle when he dry,
827:When I was young I used to wait
783: Jim crack corn, &c.
781:Ole massa an' dat blue-tail fly
742:One day he rode around de farm,
705:On Massa and hand him de plate;
703:When I was young I used to wait
686:Ole massa and de blue tail fly.
673:He died an de Jury all did cry,
649:He bid dis nigga sight to keep,
642:An brush away de blue tail fly.
596:Ole Massa an' de blue-tail fly.
563:An' bitten by de blue-tail fly.
561:De pony rear'd when he was dry,
557:Ole Massa ride in de arternoon,
546:When I was home, I used to wait
531:So often you want someting new;
460:He died, an de Jury wonder why,
447:De flies so numerous did swarm;
418:An brush away de blue tail fly.
386:O when you come in summer time,
336:De verdic was de blue tail fly.
319:One day he rode aroun' de farm,
282:On Massa and hand him de plate;
280:When I was young I us'd to wait
4427:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
4192:Slave-Trading in the Old South
3246:(c. 1788 Bermuda – after 1833)
2907:Jimmy Crack Corn – Man or Myth
2806:"Reverb Central .:. Review .:"
2650:John Ferres (Melbourne), 1880.
2200:". Susan Eppes's diary of her
1898:. A.N. Johnson (Boston), 1846.
1689:"Blue Tail Fly" (liner notes).
1590:
1376:Mike Adams and the Red Jackets
1351:The song has also occurred as
1169:", about a horse. A number of
1028:("cracking") the old master's
873:An' tumbl'd massa in de ditch;
871:De pony run he jump an' pitch,
860:One day he rode aroun de farm,
840:He bid dis nigga vigils keeps;
838:Den arter dinner massa sleeps,
772: Jim crack corn, &c.
761: Jim crack corn, &c.
759:De verdic was de blue-tail fly
750: Jim crack corn, &c.
739: Jim crack corn, &c.
728: Jim crack corn, &c.
669:De pony run dar jump an pitch,
647:When ole massa take his sleep,
497: An scratch 'im &c.
484:Ole Massa an de blue tail fly.
445:One day he rode aroun de farm,
378:De Blue Tail Fly, A Negro Song
371: Jim crack corn &c.
32:Jimmy Crack Corn (Eminem song)
13:
1:
4443:The Times They Are a-Changin'
4266:
3867:The Confessions of Nat Turner
3832:
3825:
3656:The Narrative of Robert Adams
3070:
2664:, p. 35: "Blue Tail Fly"
2662:The Language of the Civil War
2603:The Negro in American History
2445:Dat pony r'ar, dat pony kick,
2186:), 1926. Accessed 2 Jul 2014.
2180:, p. 205, "1 Sept 1863".
2013:The Tennessee Conservationist
1789:records a variant replacing "
1463:
908:De yalla nipper sweeten high,
849:When he ride in de arternoon,
733:I foller wid a hickory broom;
722:He bid dis niggar vigil keep;
720:Den arter dinner massa sleep,
617:you should go in summer time,
605:Jim Crack Corn! I Don't Care.
486: An scratch 'im &c.
475: An scratch 'im &c.
464: An scratch 'im &c.
453: An scratch 'im &c.
442: An scratch 'im &c.
436:I foller wid a hickory broom;
434:When he ride in de arternoon,
431: An scratch 'im &c.
423:Den arter dinner massa sleep,
420: An scratch 'im &c.
360: Jim crack corn &c.
349: Jim crack corn &c.
338: Jim crack corn &c.
332:An' tumble massa in de ditch;
327: Jim crack corn &c.
316: Jim crack corn &c.
310:I foller wid a hickory broom;
305: Jim crack corn &c.
299:He bid dis niggar vigil keep;
297:Den arter dinner massa sleep,
4506:The Big Rock Candy Mountains
4451:Christmas at the White House
4435:Have a Holly Jolly Christmas
4315:Christmas Day in the Morning
4200:Sarah Johnson's Mount Vernon
4155:Slavery in the United States
3512:Greensbury Washington Offley
2625:Now ol' master dead and gone
2588:. Harvard University Press (
2292:Farmer, John & al.
2162:The Vauxhall Comic Song-book
1977:"Deer flies and horse flies"
1921:The Traditional Ballad Index
1831:. Elias Howe (Boston), 1848.
1741:The Vauxhall Comic Song-book
1199:bacon rations were curtailed
851:I foller wid a hickory brom;
658:Ole massa ride in arternoon,
572:De wonder was he didn't die,
570:He tumbled Massa in a ditch;
493:De gallinipper sweeten high,
458:An tumble massa in de ditch;
425:He bid me vigilance to keep;
367:De gallinipper sweeten high,
176:. It regained currency as a
30:For the song by Eminem, see
18:Jimmy Crack Corn (folk song)
7:
4224:The Hemingses of Monticello
4125:African-American literature
2901:Lyr Add: (De) Blue Tail Fly
2500:(Ch. viii, p. 84)
2469:. Accessed January 2, 2006.
2178:Through Some Eventful Years
1722:, 5th ed., p. 312
1687:Place, Jeff & al.
1596:Friedman, Alfred B. (ed.).
1430:
1315:
1280:to sing and play it on his
755:An tumble massa in de ditc'
717: Ole Massa gone away.
294: Ole Massa gone away.
182:American folk music revival
119:. The specific problem is:
10:
4664:
4572:List of works by Burl Ives
4387:America's Musical Heritage
4331:Burl Ives Sings... For Fun
4307:Historical America in Song
4040:A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin
3146:(c. 1705 Bornu – 1775 Eng)
2962:Slave Narrative Collection
2913:December 12, 2007, at the
2752:, C 15. May 19, 1993.
2480:"Food and Land Tenure" in
2230:, 1st ed. "gimcrack,
1961:See, e.g., Kirkland, A.H.
1909:Teach Yourself Folk Guitar
1894:The Boston Musical Gazette
1769:Harvard University Press (
1612:December 12, 2007, at the
1438:Shoo, Fly, Don't Bother Me
1299:' 1947 recording with the
1208:
963:
952:The melody is similar to "
884:His epitaph am dere to see
792:in subsequent song books.
766:His epitaph am dar to see:
469:His epitaph am dar to see;
343:His epitaph am dar to see:
29:
4564:
4469:
4274:
4112:
4085:
4050:
4033:To a Southern Slaveholder
4024:
3989:
3821:The Bondwoman's Narrative
3770:
3696:My Bondage and My Freedom
3680:The Life of Josiah Henson
3664:American Slavery as It Is
3639:
3606:
3266:
3222:
3197:
3171:
3124:
3107:
3092:Andreas Matthäus Wolfgang
2981:
2970:
2957:
2720:American Favorite Ballads
2693:They Hear America Singing
2621:My ol' master promised me
2616:Scarborough, p. 224
2370:Oxford English Dictionary
2352:Oxford English Dictionary
2297:, Vol. III: Fla–Hyps
2271:Oxford English Dictionary
2228:Oxford English Dictionary
2004:Murphree, Steve. (2006).
1937:Oxford English Dictionary
1699:American Favorite Ballads
1694:December 4, 2010, at the
1363:in 1959, and released on
1361:Johnny and the Hurricanes
947:
735:De poney being berry shy,
438:De poney being berry shy,
213:
202:'s lament over his white
81:
65:
57:
46:
41:
4613:Blackface minstrel songs
4355:The Versatile Burl Ives!
4323:Down to the Sea in Ships
3979:The Underground Railroad
3744:The Peculiar Institution
3389:Sarah Jane Woodson Early
2896:Traditional Ballad Index
2601:Adler, Mortimer J.
2134:See, e.g, Foote, Elmer.
2112:The Last of the Mohicans
2071:The Last of the Mohicans
2041:. In Gary Mullen (ed.).
1829:, No. 2, p. 64
1502:The Virginia Minstrels,
985:Protophormia terraenovae
853:De pony being berry shy,
529:about de long-tail blue,
312:De poney being berry shy
189:African American English
4555:A Holly Jolly Christmas
4150:Films featuring slavery
3614:Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua
3538:William Henry Singleton
3343:Ellen and William Craft
2666:. Greenwood Publishing.
2482:Popular Science Monthly
1941:Appeals: blue-arsed fly
1865:Pre-1852 Minstrel Songs
1767:, pp. 200 ff.
1649:Pre-1852 Minstrel Songs
662:De pony he is bery shy,
251:less pertinent examples
4608:Big Bill Broonzy songs
4492:The Wayfaring Stranger
4291:The Wayfaring Stranger
3998:Amos Fortune, Free Man
3232:Juan Francisco Manzano
3207:Marie-Joseph Angélique
3115:Brigitta Scherzenfeldt
3098:Johann Georg Wolffgang
3080:GuĂ°rĂĂ°ur SĂmonardĂłttir
3019:James Leander Cathcart
2698:July 14, 2014, at the
2631:
2449:
2145:July 14, 2014, at the
2084:Cooper, James Fenimore
2066:Cooper, James Fenimore
1537:, pp. 234 ff
1274:parliament of Victoria
945:
915:
786:
691:
601:
500:
374:
4541:Funny Way of Laughin'
4527:The Wild Side of Life
4379:Sing of Faith and Joy
4339:Australian Folk Songs
3947:Walk Through Darkness
3883:Underground to Canada
3496:Jermain Wesley Loguen
3441:(1848/1854 VA – 1957)
3368:Ayuba Suleiman Diallo
3184:Konstantin Mihailović
3132:Lovisa von Burghausen
2810:www.reverbcentral.com
2619:
2439:
2373:as occurring by 1820.
2103:James Fenimore Cooper
1813:, pp. 271 f
1286:address at Gettysburg
1009:found throughout the
925:
802:
700:
610:
520:
383:
277:
4459:Christmas by the Bay
4145:Caribbean literature
4135:Atlantic slave trade
3688:Twelve Years a Slave
3581:Booker T. Washington
3383:Jordan Winston Early
2848:on December 12, 2008
2781:"officialcharts.com"
2519:was (and remains) a
2160:"Jim Crack Corn" in
1760:Scarborough, Dorothy
1739:"Jim Crack com’" in
988:), but probably the
979:Calliphora vomitoria
170:blackface minstrelsy
130:improve this article
115:to meet Knowledge's
4643:Songs about insects
4598:American folk songs
4534:A Little Bitty Tear
4520:On Top of Old Smoky
4140:Captivity narrative
3971:The Book of Negroes
3752:The Slave Community
3616:(1845–1847, Brazil)
3543:James Lindsay Smith
3450:John Andrew Jackson
3385:(1814 – after 1894)
3339:(1845 KY – 1938 OH)
3332:William Wells Brown
3291:Jared Maurice Arter
3286:William J. Anderson
3179:Johann Schiltberger
2733:Dorothy Scarborough
2567:Hi Fi/Stereo Review
2427:Dorothy Scarborough
2158:Sharp, J.W. (ed.).
2019:(4). Archived from
1907:John Pearse's 1963
1879:Children of Destiny
1783:Dorothy Scarborough
1647:), 1846. Hosted in
1486:Ethiopian Glee Book
1482:Christy's Minstrels
920:Children of Destiny
508:Ethiopian Glee Book
504:Christy's Minstrels
247:improve the article
4094:Unchained Memories
3599:(b. c. 1780 Congo)
3373:Frederick Douglass
3144:Ukawsaw Gronniosaw
3043:Maria ter Meetelen
2892:The Blue Tail Fly
2785:officialcharts.com
2750:The New York Times
2478:Atkinson, Edward.
2073:, Ch. xxviii.
2026:on April 23, 2009.
1925:The Blue Tail Fly
1876:Seawell, Molly E.
1743:, pp. 202–203
1532:Mahar, William J.
1445:Polly Wolly Doodle
1418:In popular culture
1231:Bryant's Minstrels
1219:Virginia Minstrels
1005:with a blue-black
174:Virginia Minstrels
52:Virginia Minstrels
4633:Songs about death
4628:Pete Seeger songs
4580:
4579:
4548:Chim Chim Cher-ee
4513:Riders in the Sky
4363:Songs of the West
4347:Little White Duck
4234:
4233:
4006:I, Juan de Pareja
3990:Young adult books
3797:Uncle Tom's Cabin
3640:Non-fiction books
3635:
3634:
3592:Harriet E. Wilson
3476:Elizabeth Keckley
3322:Henry "Box" Brown
3240:(1860–1965, Cuba)
3234:(1797–1854, Cuba)
3189:George of Hungary
3164:(1792 – fl. 1828)
2644:Vol. XXXII:
2581:Lhamon, W.T. Jr.
2461:Peterson, Pete. "
2401:The Straight Dope
2354:, 1st ed. "corn,
2308:Clemens, Samuel (
2052:978-0-12-372500-4
1990:978-0-618-15310-7
1643:" Oliver Ditson (
1424:Cingular Wireless
1422:A commercial for
990:mourning horsefly
268:
267:
158:
157:
150:
117:quality standards
108:This article may
93:
92:
16:(Redirected from
4655:
4623:Lead Belly songs
4419:Chim Chim Cheree
4261:
4254:
4247:
4238:
4237:
3837:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3805:The Heroic Slave
3560:Pierre Toussaint
3555:(1793 VA – 1860)
3519:(1827 VA – 1900)
3251:Pierre Toussaint
3086:Antoine Qaurtier
3075:
3072:
2979:
2978:
2951:Slave narratives
2944:
2937:
2930:
2921:
2920:
2881:Jimmy Crack Corn
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2759:
2753:
2746:
2740:
2729:
2723:
2716:
2707:
2689:
2683:
2673:
2667:
2657:
2651:
2646:Session 1879–80,
2638:
2632:
2612:
2606:
2599:
2593:
2579:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2552:"Dan Emmett" in
2549:
2540:
2530:
2524:
2509:
2503:
2493:
2487:
2476:
2470:
2459:
2450:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2408:
2397:
2391:
2380:
2374:
2367:Attested by the
2365:
2359:
2349:
2343:
2335:Huckleberry Finn
2326:
2320:
2306:
2300:
2290:
2284:
2263:
2257:
2245:
2239:
2225:
2216:
2199:
2193:
2187:
2175:Eppes, Susan B.
2173:
2167:
2156:
2150:
2149:". c. 1915.
2132:
2126:
2099:
2093:
2081:
2075:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2010:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1972:
1966:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1934:
1928:
1918:
1912:
1905:
1899:
1890:
1884:
1874:
1868:
1857:Blue Tailed Fly.
1853:
1847:
1838:
1832:
1824:'Chaff, Gumbo'.
1822:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1780:
1774:
1757:
1746:
1736:
1725:
1715:
1702:
1685:
1672:
1661:
1652:
1637:
1628:
1625:
1616:
1594:
1588:
1573:
1560:
1550:
1544:
1530:
1511:
1500:
1489:
1478:
1252:Big Bill Broonzy
1176:Songs of Ireland
1151:Southern cracker
1148:
616:
528:
527:
392:'s sultry clime,
263:
260:
254:
226:
225:
218:
193:General American
162:Jimmy Crack Corn
153:
146:
142:
139:
133:
103:
102:
95:
86:
39:
38:
21:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4618:Burl Ives songs
4583:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4560:
4499:Lavender's Blue
4465:
4270:
4265:
4235:
4230:
4176:Book of Negroes
4130:Anti-Tom novels
4108:
4081:
4046:
4020:
3985:
3955:The Known World
3835:
3828:
3766:
3728:Up from Slavery
3631:
3620:Miguel de BurĂa
3602:
3571:Wallace Turnage
3507:Solomon Northup
3439:Fountain Hughes
3281:Jordan Anderson
3268:
3262:
3238:Esteban Montejo
3224:
3218:
3199:
3193:
3167:
3138:Olaudah Equiano
3120:
3103:
3073:
3037:Elizabeth Marsh
3025:Ă“lafur Egilsson
3013:Felice Caronni
2974:
2972:
2966:
2953:
2948:
2915:Wayback Machine
2866:
2861:
2851:
2849:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2760:
2756:
2747:
2743:
2730:
2726:
2718:Seeger, Peter.
2717:
2710:
2700:Wayback Machine
2690:
2686:
2675:Erbsen, Wayne.
2674:
2670:
2658:
2654:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2613:
2609:
2600:
2596:
2580:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2550:
2543:
2537:, Vol. VI.
2531:
2527:
2521:Southern staple
2510:
2506:
2494:
2490:
2477:
2473:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2398:
2394:
2381:
2377:
2366:
2362:
2350:
2346:
2327:
2323:
2317:, Ch. xxvi
2307:
2303:
2291:
2287:
2264:
2260:
2246:
2242:
2226:
2219:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2174:
2170:
2157:
2153:
2147:Wayback Machine
2133:
2129:
2100:
2096:
2082:
2078:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2008:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1935:
1931:
1919:
1915:
1906:
1902:
1891:
1887:
1875:
1871:
1854:
1850:
1839:
1835:
1823:
1819:
1808:
1801:
1781:
1777:
1758:
1749:
1737:
1728:
1717:Fuld, James J.
1716:
1705:
1696:Wayback Machine
1686:
1675:
1662:
1655:
1638:
1631:
1626:
1619:
1614:Wayback Machine
1595:
1591:
1574:
1563:
1551:
1547:
1531:
1514:
1501:
1492:
1479:
1470:
1466:
1433:
1420:
1365:Warwick Records
1297:Andrews Sisters
1266:Abraham Lincoln
1211:
1146:
995:Tabanus atratus
974:blue bottle fly
966:
950:
944:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
924:
914:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
801:
797:Blue Tailed Fly
785:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
699:
695:Jim Crack Corn.
690:
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
635:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
618:
614:
609:
600:
597:
595:
593:
591:
589:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
525:
524:
519:
499:
496:
494:
492:
490:
488:
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
454:
452:
450:
448:
446:
444:
443:
441:
439:
437:
435:
433:
432:
430:
428:
426:
424:
422:
421:
419:
417:
415:
413:
411:
410:
408:
406:
404:
402:
400:
399:
397:
395:
393:
387:
382:
373:
370:
368:
366:
364:
362:
361:
359:
357:
355:
353:
351:
350:
348:
346:
344:
342:
340:
339:
337:
335:
333:
331:
329:
328:
326:
324:
322:
320:
318:
317:
315:
313:
311:
309:
307:
306:
304:
302:
300:
298:
296:
295:
293:
291:
289:
287:
285:
283:
281:
276:
264:
258:
255:
244:
227:
223:
216:
208:deniable action
154:
143:
137:
134:
127:
104:
100:
82:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4661:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4603:American poems
4600:
4595:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4455:
4447:
4439:
4431:
4423:
4415:
4407:
4403:Scouting Along
4399:
4391:
4383:
4375:
4367:
4359:
4351:
4343:
4335:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4303:
4295:
4287:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4264:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4241:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4220:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4188:
4180:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4098:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4071:
4063:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4036:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4010:
4002:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3975:
3967:
3959:
3951:
3943:
3935:
3927:
3919:
3915:Middle Passage
3911:
3903:
3895:
3887:
3879:
3871:
3863:
3855:
3847:
3839:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3785:
3776:
3774:
3772:Fiction/novels
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3756:
3748:
3740:
3732:
3724:
3716:
3708:
3700:
3692:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3652:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3594:
3589:
3586:Wallace Willis
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3566:Harriet Tubman
3563:
3556:
3553:Austin Steward
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3523:William Parker
3520:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3493:
3491:J. Vance Lewis
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3455:Harriet Jacobs
3452:
3447:
3442:
3436:
3431:
3429:William Grimes
3426:
3421:(19th century
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3378:Kate Drumgoold
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3296:Solomon Bayley
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3267:North America:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3254:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3228:
3226:
3223:North America:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3213:John R. Jewitt
3210:
3203:
3201:
3198:North America:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3172:Ottoman Empire
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3150:Jean Marteilhe
3147:
3141:
3135:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3064:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3034:
3033:(late 19th c.)
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3007:Isaac Brassard
3004:
2998:
2992:
2985:
2983:
2976:
2975:of enslavement
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2947:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2904:
2898:
2888:
2887:(Google Books)
2877:
2876:at Archive.org
2865:
2864:External links
2862:
2860:
2859:
2833:
2815:
2797:
2772:
2763:Whitburn, Joel
2754:
2741:
2735:'s collection
2724:
2708:
2684:
2668:
2659:Wright, John.
2652:
2633:
2607:
2594:
2571:
2559:
2557:, 2nd ed.
2541:
2525:
2504:
2488:
2484:, Vol. 59
2471:
2451:
2418:
2409:
2399:Adams, Cecil.
2392:
2375:
2360:
2344:
2321:
2301:
2285:
2258:
2240:
2217:
2209:nursery rhymes
2188:
2168:
2151:
2127:
2094:
2091:, Ch. ii.
2076:
2058:
2051:
2029:
1996:
1989:
1967:
1954:
1945:
1929:
1913:
1900:
1885:
1869:
1848:
1833:
1817:
1799:
1791:South Carolina
1775:
1747:
1726:
1703:
1673:
1663:Nathan, Hans.
1653:
1629:
1617:
1602:Jimmy Crack...
1589:
1561:
1555:The Black Book
1545:
1512:
1506:F.D. Benteen (
1490:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1432:
1429:
1419:
1416:
1392:social justice
1388:
1387:
1372:
1330:Theodore Bikel
1316:Folk Song Army
1227:Old Dan Tucker
1210:
1207:
1167:Long Tail Blue
1053:musical genres
1019:coroner's jury
1015:begins to buck
1011:American South
965:
962:
954:Miss Lucy Long
949:
946:
926:
923:
916:
803:
800:
799:(c. 1850)
794:
701:
698:
692:
611:
608:
602:
521:
518:
515:Jim Crack Corn
512:
390:South Carlinar
384:
381:
375:
278:
275:
269:
266:
265:
230:
228:
221:
215:
212:
156:
155:
107:
105:
98:
91:
90:
87:
79:
78:
69:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4660:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4478:Blue Tail Fly
4475:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4411:Pearly Shells
4408:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4262:
4257:
4255:
4250:
4248:
4243:
4242:
4239:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:Documentaries
4084:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3981:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:South America
3605:
3598:
3597:Zamba Zembola
3595:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3576:Bethany Veney
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:Venture Smith
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3528:James Roberts
3526:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:Lunsford Lane
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3470:Paul Jennings
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3445:Omar ibn Said
3443:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3434:Josiah Henson
3432:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3419:William Green
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3394:Peter Fossett
3392:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3353:Lucinda Davis
3351:
3349:
3348:Hannah Crafts
3346:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3316:James Bradley
3314:
3312:
3311:Leonard Black
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:United States
3265:
3258:
3257:Marcos Xiorro
3255:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3221:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
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3061:Thomas Pellow
3059:
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3031:Petro Kilekwa
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2435:West Virginia
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2382:Kroes, John.
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2018:
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1843:
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1585:0-19-509641-X
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1397:
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1385:
1384:Crown Records
1381:
1378:on the album
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:instrumentals
1349:
1347:
1346:92nd Street Y
1343:
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1188:
1184:
1183:slaves' slang
1179:
1177:
1172:
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958:Italian opera
955:
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921:
913:
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793:
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790:Oliver Ditson
784:
696:
689:
623:sultra clime,
622:
621:Souf Carolina
606:
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516:
511:
509:
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391:
379:
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273:
262:
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231:This article
229:
220:
219:
211:
209:
205:
201:
198:
194:
190:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
166:Blue-Tail Fly
163:
152:
149:
141:
131:
126:
124:
123:MOS:CITEPUNCT
118:
114:
113:
106:
97:
96:
88:
85:
84:Songwriter(s)
80:
77:
73:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
27:American song
19:
4457:
4449:
4441:
4433:
4425:
4417:
4409:
4401:
4393:
4385:
4377:
4369:
4361:
4353:
4345:
4337:
4329:
4321:
4313:
4305:
4297:
4289:
4281:
4222:
4214:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4174:
4100:
4092:
4073:
4067:The Octoroon
4065:
4057:
4038:
4012:
4004:
3996:
3977:
3969:
3961:
3953:
3945:
3937:
3929:
3921:
3913:
3905:
3897:
3889:
3881:
3873:
3865:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3819:
3811:
3803:
3795:
3787:
3779:
3758:
3750:
3742:
3734:
3726:
3718:
3710:
3702:
3694:
3686:
3678:
3670:
3662:
3654:
3646:
3460:Thomas James
3409:Moses Grandy
3404:David George
3363:Lucy Delaney
3337:Peter Bruner
3276:Sam Aleckson
3156:Roustam Raza
3067:Joseph Pitts
2989:Robert Adams
2973:by continent
2895:
2884:
2873:
2852:November 16,
2850:. Retrieved
2846:the original
2836:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2788:. Retrieved
2784:
2775:
2766:
2757:
2749:
2744:
2736:
2727:
2719:
2703:
2687:
2680:, p. 10
2677:
2671:
2661:
2655:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2620:
2610:
2602:
2597:
2583:
2566:
2562:
2553:
2534:
2528:
2507:
2497:
2491:
2481:
2474:
2466:
2440:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2400:
2395:
2383:
2378:
2368:
2363:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2339:
2333:
2324:
2314:
2304:
2294:
2288:
2278:
2269:
2261:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2213:Mother Goose
2191:
2182:J.W. Burke (
2177:
2171:
2164:, p. 92
2161:
2154:
2135:
2130:
2120:
2110:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2042:
2032:
2021:the original
2016:
2012:
1999:
1980:
1970:
1957:
1948:
1936:
1932:
1920:
1916:
1908:
1903:
1893:
1888:
1878:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1841:
1836:
1826:
1820:
1810:
1793:" with "old
1786:
1778:
1764:
1740:
1719:
1698:
1664:
1648:
1605:
1597:
1592:
1576:
1575:Lott, Eric.
1554:
1548:
1534:
1485:
1450:
1421:
1400:summer camps
1395:
1389:
1380:Surfers Beat
1379:
1350:
1319:
1308:Folk Revival
1293:World War II
1290:
1264:
1260:World War II
1212:
1203:phrasal verb
1180:
1175:
1163:Judgment Day
1159:Jesus Christ
1124:
1099:
1091:
1089:
1042:
1023:
1000:bloodsucking
993:
983:
977:
967:
951:
927:
919:
804:
796:
787:
702:
694:
612:
604:
522:
514:
507:
501:
385:
377:
279:
271:
256:
245:Please help
233:may contain
232:
186:
165:
161:
159:
144:
135:
128:Please help
120:
109:
36:
4593:1840s songs
4395:Animal Folk
3836: 1861
3829: 1853
3533:Moses Roper
3517:John Parker
3503:(1790–1880)
3481:Boston King
3472:(1799–1874)
3301:Polly Berry
3244:Mary Prince
3158:(1783–1845)
3152:(1684-1777)
3134:(1698–1733)
3117:(1684–1736)
3100:(1644–1744)
3094:(1660–1736)
3088:(1632–1702)
3082:(1598–1682)
3074: 1735
3057:(1708–1754)
3049:Mende Nazer
3039:(1735–1785)
3027:(1564–1639)
3021:(1767–1843)
3015:(1747–1815)
3009:(1620–1702)
3001:Francis Bok
2997:(1714-1761)
2995:Marcus Berg
2991:(c. 1790–?)
2971:Individuals
2614:See, e.g.,
2486:. Oct 1901.
2122:The Prairie
2119:-mortar in
2101:See, e.g.,
2089:The Prairie
1881:, p. 2
1326:Pete Seeger
1301:folk singer
1195:Pete Seeger
1155:minced oath
1131:Appalachian
1096:eye dialect
970:house slave
191:, although
132:if you can.
89:Traditional
4587:Categories
4014:Copper Sun
3963:Unburnable
3899:Dessa Rose
3626:Osifekunde
3558:Venerable
3501:James Mars
3414:Lear Green
3398:Monticello
3358:Noah Davis
3327:John Brown
3306:Henry Bibb
3249:Venerable
3055:Hark Olufs
2790:August 10,
2330:Mark Twain
2310:Mark Twain
1606:Mudcat.org
1600:cited in "
1464:References
1338:Alan Lomax
1318:". A 1963
1312:Tom Lehrer
1291:Following
1278:Ward Lamon
1256:Lead Belly
1247:rockabilly
1223:minstrelsy
1215:Dan Emmett
1171:racehorses
1085:field hand
1081:apostrophe
1077:3rd person
1050:syncopated
259:March 2017
239:irrelevant
4485:Foggy Dew
4268:Burl Ives
3739:(1936–38)
3225:Caribbean
3051:(b. 1982)
3003:(b. 1979)
2894:" at the
2590:Cambridge
2340:jimcracks
2202:Civil War
2107:succotash
1771:Cambridge
1541:Champaign
1508:Baltimore
1404:Tuff Crew
1334:Bob Dylan
1304:Burl Ives
1239:Baltimore
1113:euphemism
1092:jim crack
1065:anaptyxis
235:excessive
178:folk song
58:Published
4035:" (1848)
3781:Oroonoko
3465:John Jea
3069:(1663 –
3063:(1705–?)
3045:(1704–?)
2911:Archived
2765:(2013).
2696:Archived
2592:), 2003.
2276:American
2254:Jimcrack
2206:Southern
2143:Archived
1795:Virginia
1785:'s 1925
1692:Archived
1671:), 1962.
1610:Archived
1543:), 1999.
1431:See also
1386:in 1963.
1235:Tom Rice
1135:Jim Crow
1109:ellipsis
1106:American
1101:gimcrack
1069:backbeat
1055:such as
241:examples
138:May 2023
110:require
72:Minstrel
4565:Related
4470:Singles
4113:Related
3907:Beloved
3891:Kindred
3859:Jubilee
3851:Our Nig
2830:. 1963.
2828:Discogs
2682:. 1993.
2586:, p. 21
2384:Cracked
2299:. 1893.
2267:British
1369:Hot 100
1270:humming
1209:History
1127:English
1120:whiskey
1057:ragtime
1046:caesura
1026:milling
1007:abdomen
964:Meaning
112:cleanup
4462:(1977)
4454:(1972)
4446:(1968)
4438:(1965)
4430:(1964)
4422:(1964)
4414:(1964)
4406:(1964)
4398:(1963)
4390:(1963)
4382:(1963)
4374:(1962)
4366:(1961)
4358:(1961)
4350:(1959)
4342:(1958)
4334:(1956)
4326:(1956)
4318:(1952)
4310:(1950)
4302:(1949)
4294:(1944)
4286:(1941)
4275:Albums
4227:(2008)
4219:(2002)
4211:(1867)
4203:(2008)
4195:(1931)
4187:(1847)
4179:(1783)
4105:(2008)
4097:(2003)
4078:(2022)
4070:(1859)
4062:(1858)
4043:(1853)
4025:Essays
4017:(2006)
4009:(1965)
4001:(1951)
3982:(2016)
3974:(2007)
3966:(2006)
3958:(2003)
3950:(2002)
3942:(2001)
3934:(1996)
3926:(1993)
3918:(1990)
3910:(1987)
3902:(1986)
3894:(1979)
3886:(1977)
3878:(1976)
3870:(1967)
3862:(1966)
3854:(1859)
3846:(1856)
3816:(1853)
3813:Clotel
3808:(1852)
3800:(1852)
3792:(1841)
3784:(1688)
3763:(2018)
3755:(1972)
3747:(1956)
3731:(1901)
3723:(1881)
3715:(1872)
3707:(1861)
3699:(1855)
3691:(1853)
3683:(1849)
3675:(1845)
3667:(1839)
3659:(1816)
3651:(1789)
3400:–1901)
3396:(1815
3318:(1834)
3200:Canada
3125:Europe
2982:Africa
2513:hominy
2467:Mudcat
2117:hominy
2115:and a
2049:
1987:
1669:Norman
1645:Boston
1583:
1408:Eminem
1332:, and
1258:after
1243:Boston
1094:being
1073:slaves
1038:liquor
1034:hominy
948:Melody
922:(1893)
697:(1848)
607:(1847)
517:(1847)
380:(1846)
274:(1846)
214:Lyrics
204:master
164:" or "
4051:Plays
2702:" in
2517:grits
2465:" on
2425:From
2184:Macon
2024:(PDF)
2009:(PDF)
1859:" in
1604:" at
1412:crack
1282:banjo
1191:mules
1187:crows
1143:skull
1139:crake
1115:for "
998:), a
918:From
200:slave
197:black
67:Genre
61:1840s
4075:Omar
3108:Asia
2854:2008
2792:2022
2704:Time
2265:The
2236:adj.
2234:and
2047:ISBN
1985:ISBN
1581:ISBN
1406:and
1321:Time
1314:'s "
1254:and
1241:and
1185:for
1157:for
1129:and
1117:corn
1111:and
1098:for
1061:jazz
1059:and
1030:corn
1003:pest
526:SING
76:folk
48:Song
3789:Sab
2872:in
2515:or
2429:'s
2403:. "
2386:. "
2356:n.Âą
2332:'s
2312:).
2252:. "
2196:com
2138:. "
2109:in
1939:. "
1923:: "
1414:".
1382:by
1342:CBS
1217:'s
1189:or
1036:or
982:or
619:To
388:To
237:or
50:by
4589::
3833:c.
3831:–
3826:c.
3423:MD
3071:c.
2826:.
2808:.
2783:.
2711:^
2574:^
2544:^
2454:^
2232:n.
2220:^
2215:."
2086:.
2068:.
2017:72
2015:.
2011:.
1979:.
1927:".
1802:^
1797:".
1762:.
1750:^
1729:^
1706:^
1676:^
1656:^
1632:^
1620:^
1608:.
1564:^
1515:^
1493:^
1484:'
1471:^
1440:!"
1355::
1328:,
1288:.
1262:.
1063:,
960:.
523:I
506:'
210:.
74:,
4557:"
4553:"
4550:"
4546:"
4543:"
4539:"
4536:"
4532:"
4529:"
4525:"
4522:"
4518:"
4515:"
4511:"
4508:"
4504:"
4501:"
4497:"
4494:"
4490:"
4487:"
4483:"
4480:"
4476:"
4260:e
4253:t
4246:v
4031:"
3838:)
3824:(
3425:)
3076:)
2943:e
2936:t
2929:v
2890:"
2879:"
2856:.
2812:.
2794:.
2739:.
2691:"
2502:.
2437::
2198:'
2125:.
2055:.
1993:.
1855:"
1745:.
1639:"
1587:.
1443:"
1436:"
1147:'
992:(
976:(
615:f
613:I
261:)
257:(
253:.
243:.
160:"
151:)
145:(
140:)
136:(
125:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.