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510:, using one foot at a time to dig into an earthen bank; evidence (in the form of dirty and broken beaks on female museum specimens) suggests that the female may do most or all of the nest digging. Burrows are 6 cm (2.4 in) wide and 6–9 cm (2.4–3.5 in) high, and may extend as much as 72 cm (28 in) into the bank. The species tends to nest colonially. The female lays
506:, with vocalizations and other courtship behaviors increasing between September and February. During courtship, rival males sit side by side on a branch, flicking their wings and pumping their tails as they sing. Territories are defended vocally, with rivals rarely resorting to physical confrontation. The species excavates a
916:
399:: slaty black with a bronzy-green gloss above, and somewhat paler below. The belly and the center of the breast are white. The adult has a brownish-gray cap and a black throat, and the cap, chin and the sides of the head are finely marked with pale
453:
layer persists. There is some evidence that it is associated with streams, as it needs earthen banks in which to nest; it also uses banks created by road cuttings. The species is largely sedentary, though youngsters disperse after
394:
uptilted. It is a medium-sized bird, measuring 18 cm (7.1 in) in length and weighing between 17.4 and 19.3 g (0.61 and 0.68 oz); females average heavier than males. The sexes are similarly
363:, separating the three-toed jacamar from other jacamar species on the basis of its unusual foot structure; the genus name is a nod to Levaillant's earlier common name for the bird. The
738:
Encyclopédie d'histoire naturelle ou Traité complet de cette science, d'après les travaux des naturalistes les plus éminents de tous les pays et de toutes les époques: Oiseaux
341:
named the species "jacamaralcion", a combination of the words "jacamar" and "alcyon" — the latter a form of the word "halcyon", meaning "kingfisher". French ornithologist
534:
The three-toed jacamar is a species in trouble; habitat loss and habitat degradation have contributed significantly to its steep decline, and it is now rated as
390:
Like all members of its family, the three-toed jacamar is short-legged and short-winged. It perches upright, with its tail down and its long, sharply-pointed
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after prey which it often beats on a branch; this serves to stun the insect, and to remove any stinger or venom, as well as the wings.
449:. Although it is generally found in intact forest, it can survive in more degraded areas, such as plantations, provided that a native
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Like all jacamars, the three-toed jacamar is an insectivore. It feeds preferentially on small, cryptically colored
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Although it is a colonial nester, the three-toed jacamar is generally found singly or in pairs. It sometimes joins
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1353:
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17:
526:. Unlike most jacamars, which typically sing alone, male three-toed jacamars tend to sing in groups of 2–6.
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Unlike other members of its family, the three-toed jacamar has three, rather than four, toes. Its small
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546:, which survive in small, widely scattered pockets of appropriate habitat across southeastern Brazil.
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The three-toed jacamar's song is a shrill series of short, ascending whistles, lasting about
490:
and termites. It hunts from an open perch in the forest understory or along the forest edge,
342:
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feet are missing a hind toe, and the front two toes are fused together at the base.
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1027:
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371:
337:, and has no subspecies. When he first described it in 1807, French naturalist
214:
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to southeastern Brazil, the three-toed jacamar is found in drier parts of the
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2001:
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1009:
777:. Washington, DC, US: National Geographic Society. pp. 185–6.
491:
455:
294:
117:
325:
The three-toed jacamar is one of 18 jacamar species in the family
3548:
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3104:
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2474:
2389:
2213:
2191:
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2069:
1587:
418:
400:
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347:
298:
147:
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when he established a scientific name for it in 1817, naming it
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2340:
2097:
2083:
2021:
1980:
1657:
1559:
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626:. Vol. 19. London, UK: The British Museum. pp. 174–5.
107:
3597:
3086:
2425:
2232:
1496:
1441:
1015:
840:(2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL, US: CRC Press. p. 224.
437:, though populations also formerly existed in the states of
2551:
2118:
868:
Silveira, LuĂs Fábio; Nobre, Henrique Rocha (Spring 1998).
556:
391:
273:
127:
874:, in Minas Gerais, Brazil, with some notes on its biology"
403:
streaks. Its bill is black, and its feet are slaty gray.
562:
3136:
3126:
3116:
3022:
3012:
3002:
2992:
2982:
2653:
2606:
2583:
2568:
2401:
2351:
2321:
2306:
2294:
2221:
2197:
1904:
1880:
1801:
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1755:
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1458:
1418:
1395:
1232:
1215:
1198:
1188:
1171:
1154:
1095:
1084:
588:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682186A153924733.en
486:, but will also take flies, dragonflies, beetles,
806:"BirdLife Species Factsheet: Three-toed Jacamar (
3760:
741:(in French). Paris, France: Marescq. p. 38.
774:National Geographic Complete Birds of the World
540:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1383:
962:
867:
734:
458:, and adults sometimes move short distances.
307:subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest
3629:three-toed-jacamar-jacamaralcyon-tridactyla
1068:
863:
861:
859:
857:
833:
529:
969:
955:
800:
798:
796:
794:
735:Chenu, Jean Charles; des Murs, O. (1860).
623:Catalog of the Birds in the British Museum
502:Three-toed jacamars breed during Brazil's
213:
59:
40:
706:. London, UK: Christopher Helm. pp.
695:
693:
691:
586:
320:
854:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
425:. It is now restricted to the states of
791:
703:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Names
699:
675:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
646:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
542:. Its total population is estimated at
345:assigned it to the large jacamar genus
14:
3761:
937:Audio recordings of three-toed jacamar
770:
688:
659:
619:
3769:IUCN Red List near threatened species
3474:
3473:
2960:
2272:
1698:
1370:
1046:
950:
745:
630:
620:Sharpe, Richard Bowdler, ed. (1891).
602:
870:"New records of Three-toed Jacamar,
728:
413:
3794:Taxa named by Louis Pierre Vieillot
574:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
473:
24:
1371:
827:
303:subtropical or tropical dry forest
25:
3805:
1699:
910:
837:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
3454:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2255:
2250:
1680:
1352:
917:Three-toed jacamar photo gallery
355:. In 1830, French ornithologist
84:
563:BirdLife International (2020).
2273:
385:
13:
1:
1047:
834:Dunning Jr., John B. (2008).
549:
3779:Birds of the Atlantic Forest
919:at VIREO (Drexel University)
7:
2961:
497:
461:
10:
3810:
924:"Three-toed jacamar media"
700:Jobling, James A. (2010).
253:Jacamaralcyon brasiliensis
3482:
3452:
3342:
3301:
3190:
3170:
3150:
3112:
3103:
3076:
3056:
3036:
2973:
2969:
2956:
2929:
2899:
2858:
2849:
2825:
2777:
2750:
2674:
2637:
2628:
2605:
2582:
2559:
2550:
2498:
2415:
2397:
2388:
2350:
2320:
2285:
2281:
2268:
2248:
2212:
2146:
2045:
2011:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1918:
1871:
1830:
1800:
1777:
1754:
1711:
1707:
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1677:
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1519:
1510:
1486:
1449:
1440:
1417:
1394:
1379:
1366:
1349:
1315:
1295:
1286:
1266:
1257:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1059:
1055:
1042:
998:
771:Harris, Tim, ed. (2009).
581:: e.T22682186A153924733.
228:
221:
212:
193:
186:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
3746:Jacamaralcyon-tridactyla
3541:jacamaralcyon-tridactyla
3514:Jacamaralcyon tridactyla
3484:Jacamaralcyon tridactyla
993:and their extinct allies
929:Internet Bird Collection
872:Jacamaralcyon tridactyla
808:Jacamaralcyon tridactyla
669:Jacamaralcyon tridactyla
567:Jacamaralcyon tridactyla
530:Conservation and threats
517:
370:is a combination of the
269:Jacamaralcyon tridactyla
197:Jacamaralcyon tridactyla
3789:Birds described in 1817
3784:Endemic birds of Brazil
297:to Brazil. Its natural
814:BirdLife International
378:, meaning "three" and
321:Taxonomy and etymology
313:. It is threatened by
480:moths and butterflies
357:René Primevère Lesson
343:Louis Pierre Vieillot
544:350–1500 individuals
468:mixed species flocks
433:valley) and eastern
339:François Levaillant
51:Conservation status
35:Three-toed jacamar
2573:Rupelramphastoides
1288:Picodynastornithes
429:(primarily in the
382:, meaning "toes".
359:created the genus
353:Galbula tridactyla
272:) is a species of
264:three-toed jacamar
179:J. tridactyla
3756:
3755:
3728:Open Tree of Life
3476:Taxon identifiers
3467:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3445:
2952:
2951:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2845:
2844:
2546:
2545:
2264:
2263:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2142:
2141:
1832:Brachypteraciidae
1690:
1689:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1506:
1505:
1422:Messelirrisoridae
1362:
1361:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1253:
1252:
1109:
1108:
847:978-1-4200-6445-2
784:978-1-4262-0403-6
721:978-1-4081-2501-4
414:Habitat and range
284:within the genus
260:
259:
248:Galbula triactyla
243:Galbula ceycoides
232:Cauax tridactylus
168:
74:
16:(Redirected from
3801:
3749:
3748:
3736:
3735:
3723:
3722:
3710:
3709:
3697:
3696:
3684:
3683:
3671:
3670:
3658:
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3645:
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3631:
3619:
3618:
3606:
3605:
3593:
3592:
3580:
3579:
3570:
3569:
3557:
3556:
3554:4051B630306877B7
3544:
3543:
3531:
3530:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3471:
3470:
3458:
3138:
3128:
3118:
3110:
3109:
3024:
3014:
3004:
2994:
2984:
2971:
2970:
2958:
2957:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2856:
2855:
2655:
2635:
2634:
2608:
2585:
2570:
2557:
2556:
2516:Galbalcyrhynchus
2403:
2395:
2394:
2353:
2323:
2308:
2296:
2283:
2282:
2270:
2269:
2259:
2254:
2223:
2199:
1968:
1967:
1959:
1958:
1906:
1882:
1803:
1780:
1757:
1745:Quasisyndactylus
1742:
1732:
1722:
1709:
1708:
1696:
1695:
1685:
1684:
1537:
1517:
1516:
1460:
1447:
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1420:
1397:
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1391:
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1380:
1368:
1367:
1357:
1356:
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1264:
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1217:
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1190:
1173:
1156:
1129:
1128:
1120:
1119:
1097:
1086:
1066:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1044:
1043:
971:
964:
957:
948:
947:
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865:
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851:
831:
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824:
822:
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789:
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686:
685:
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681:
663:
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634:
628:
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560:
545:
525:
513:
474:Food and feeding
217:
199:
163:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
31:
21:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3800:
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3731:
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3715:Observation.org
3713:
3705:
3700:
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3687:
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3627:
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3575:
3573:
3565:
3560:
3552:
3547:
3539:
3534:
3526:
3521:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3478:
3468:
3459:
3442:
3338:
3333:Reinwardtipicus
3297:
3186:
3166:
3146:
3099:
3072:
3052:
3032:
2965:
2948:
2915:
2895:
2841:
2821:
2773:
2746:
2670:
2624:
2601:
2578:
2542:
2494:
2411:
2384:
2355:Sylphornithidae
2346:
2325:Gracilitarsidae
2316:
2277:
2260:
2238:
2208:
2138:
2041:
2007:
1948:
1914:
1867:
1848:Brachypteracias
1826:
1805:Primobucconidae
1796:
1773:
1750:
1703:
1686:
1679:
1663:
1637:Rhabdotorrhinus
1545:
1502:
1482:
1436:
1413:
1399:Laurillardiidae
1388:
1375:
1358:
1351:
1331:
1311:
1282:
1249:
1105:
1089:Plesiocathartes
1061:Leptosomiformes
1051:
1038:
994:
975:
922:
913:
908:
907:
897:
895:
876:
866:
855:
848:
832:
828:
818:
816:
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803:
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746:
733:
729:
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698:
689:
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664:
660:
650:
648:
636:
635:
631:
618:
603:
593:
591:
561:
557:
552:
543:
536:Near Threatened
532:
523:
520:
511:
500:
476:
464:
423:Atlantic Forest
416:
388:
329:. It is in the
323:
234:
208:
201:
195:
182:
162:
83:
75:
66:Near Threatened
64:
60:
53:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3807:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3737:
3724:
3711:
3698:
3685:
3672:
3659:
3646:
3633:
3620:
3607:
3594:
3581:
3571:
3558:
3545:
3532:
3519:
3504:
3488:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3395:Leuconotopicus
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3348:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3329:
3326:Chrysocolaptes
3322:
3315:
3307:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
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3211:
3204:
3196:
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3176:
3174:
3168:
3167:
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3164:
3156:
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3147:
3145:
3144:
3134:
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3121:Australopicus
3115:
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2530:Jacamaralcyon
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2182:
2180:
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2175:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2164:Baryphthengus
2161:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2128:
2127:
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1701:Coraciiformes
1697:
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1574:Anthracoceros
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1499:
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1477:Rhinopomastus
1474:
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1467:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1451:Phoeniculidae
1448:
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1433:
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1431:Messelirrisor
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1404:
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1400:
1393:
1390:
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1374:
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1323:
1322:
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1302:
1300:
1298:
1297:Coraciiformes
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1214:
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1197:
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1194:
1193:Masillatrogon
1187:
1185:
1184:
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1177:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1153:
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1146:
1144:
1143:
1142:Apalharpactes
1139:
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1134:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1124:Trogoniformes
1121:
1118:
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1112:
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1101:
1094:
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640:Jacamaralcyon
633:
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589:
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365:specific name
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361:Jacamaralcyon
358:
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350:
349:
344:
340:
336:
335:Jacamaralcyon
332:
328:
318:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
288:
287:Jacamaralcyon
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:
265:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
233:
230:
229:
227:
224:
220:
216:
211:
206:
200:
198:
192:
189:
188:Binomial name
185:
181:
180:
175:
172:
171:
166:
161:
160:
159:Jacamaralcyon
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
18:Jacamaralcyon
3483:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3367:Dendrocoptes
3365:
3358:
3351:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:Campephilini
3290:
3283:
3276:
3271:Mulleripicus
3269:
3262:
3257:Micropternus
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3179:
3159:
3139:
3131:Palaeonerpes
3129:
3119:
3092:
3085:
3065:
3045:
3025:
3015:
3007:Palaeonerpes
3005:
2995:
2987:Bitumenpicus
2985:
2974:
2936:
2888:
2881:
2876:Melichneutes
2874:
2867:
2834:
2814:
2807:
2802:Pteroglossus
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:Ramphastidae
2766:
2759:
2752:Megalaimidae
2739:
2734:Trachyphonus
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2663:
2656:
2646:
2630:Ramphastides
2617:
2594:
2587:Miopiconidae
2571:
2560:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2461:Micromonacha
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2433:Chelidoptera
2431:
2424:
2404:
2377:
2369:
2362:
2339:
2332:
2311:Pristineanis
2309:
2298:
2286:
2231:
2224:
2200:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2034:
2029:Chloroceryle
2027:
2020:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1907:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1819:
1812:
1791:Geranopterus
1789:
1766:
1759:Eocoraciidae
1743:
1735:Paracoracias
1733:
1723:
1712:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1581:Berenicornis
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1538:
1528:
1495:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1429:
1408:Laurillardia
1406:
1259:Picocoraciae
1242:
1237:Septentrogon
1235:
1225:
1218:
1210:Pharomachrus
1208:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1174:
1164:
1157:
1147:
1140:
1098:
1087:
1077:
1070:Leptosomidae
1020:Infraclass:
927:
896:. Retrieved
884:
880:
871:
836:
829:
817:. Retrieved
807:
773:
737:
730:
702:
678:. Retrieved
668:
661:
649:. Retrieved
639:
632:
622:
592:. Retrieved
578:
572:
566:
558:
533:
521:
504:rainy season
501:
477:
465:
435:Minas Gerais
417:
405:
389:
379:
375:
367:
360:
352:
346:
334:
324:
315:habitat loss
292:
286:
285:
268:
267:
263:
261:
252:
247:
242:
237:
231:
196:
194:
178:
177:
158:
157:
29:
3702:Neotropical
3637:iNaturalist
3508:Wikispecies
3423:Veniliornis
3416:Sphyrapicus
3374:Dendropicos
3360:Dendrocopos
3353:Chloropicus
3344:Melanerpini
3319:Campephilus
3312:Blythipicus
3250:Geocolaptes
3172:Hemicircini
3152:Nesoctitini
3017:Palaeopicus
2910:See below ↓
2890:Prodotiscus
2761:Caloramphus
2741:Tricholaema
2727:Stactolaema
2692:Cryptolybia
2658:Capitonides
2639:Capitonidae
2509:Brachygalba
2454:Malacoptila
2440:Hapaloptila
2364:Oligosylphe
2226:Palaeotodus
2133:Todiramphus
2126:Tanysiptera
2112:Pelargopsis
2047:Halcyoninae
1995:Corythornis
1972:Alcedininae
1963:Alcedinidae
1909:Miocoracias
1862:Uratelornis
1630:Penelopides
1609:Horizocerus
1602:Ceratogymna
1551:Bucerotidae
1470:Phoeniculus
1463:Phirriculus
1326:See below ↓
1306:See below ↓
1277:See below ↓
1220:Primotrogon
1176:Foshanornis
1115:Eucavitaves
991:woodpeckers
987:kingfishers
898:19 November
819:9 September
680:9 September
651:9 September
594:15 November
508:burrow nest
484:Hymenoptera
386:Description
311:plantations
3774:Galbulidae
3763:Categories
3741:Xeno-canto
3437:Yungipicus
3402:Melanerpes
3278:Pardipicus
3264:Meiglyptes
3201:Campethera
3181:Hemicircus
3161:Nesoctites
3094:Verreauxia
3058:Picumninae
3027:Piculoides
2883:Melignomon
2816:Selenidera
2809:Ramphastos
2768:Psilopogon
2720:Pogonornis
2713:Pogoniulus
2699:Gymnobucco
2685:Buccanodon
2537:Jacamerops
2500:Galbulidae
2482:Notharchus
2417:Bucconidae
2379:Sylphornis
2275:Piciformes
2056:Actenoides
2036:Megaceryle
1943:Nyctyornis
1899:Eurystomus
1873:Coraciidae
1855:Geobiastes
1814:Primobucco
1768:Eocoracias
1725:Cryptornis
1651:Rhyticeros
1616:Lophoceros
1595:Bycanistes
1567:Anorrhinus
1521:Bucorvidae
1317:Piciformes
1203:Paratrogon
1166:Euptilotis
1149:Apaloderma
1133:Trogonidae
1100:Waltonavis
1079:Leptosomus
1022:Neognathae
977:Genera of
941:Xeno-canto
550:References
524:20 seconds
451:understory
408:zygodactyl
368:tridactyla
327:Galbulidae
278:Galbulidae
148:Galbulidae
138:Piciformes
3388:Leiopicus
3381:Dryobates
3243:Gecinulus
3236:Dryocopus
3141:Pliopicus
2997:Breacopus
2869:Indicator
2836:Semnornis
2610:Picavidae
2406:Jacamatia
2300:Homalopus
2202:Protornis
2185:Hylomanes
2148:Momotidae
2077:Clytoceyx
2063:Caridonax
2013:Cerylinae
1954:Alcedines
1929:Meropogon
1920:Meropidae
1885:Chehuenia
1841:Atelornis
1644:Rhinoplax
1540:Euroceros
1227:Priotelus
1183:Harpactes
1049:Cavitaves
1034:Cavitaves
1002:Kingdom:
983:hornbills
893:1353-985X
887:: 47–51.
488:true bugs
443:SĂŁo Paulo
331:monotypic
282:monotypic
173:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
3681:22682186
3655:11230309
3567:22682186
3562:BirdLife
3499:Q1272616
3493:Wikidata
3409:Picoides
3229:Dinopium
3222:Colaptes
3078:Sasiinae
3067:Picumnus
3038:Jynginae
2788:Andigena
2676:Lybiidae
2489:Nystalus
2447:Hypnelus
2178:Eumomota
2171:Electron
2105:Melidora
2002:Ispidina
1892:Coracias
1623:Ocyceros
1530:Bucorvus
1512:Buceroti
1488:Upupidae
1159:Eotrogon
1010:Chordata
1008:Phylum:
1004:Animalia
512:2–4 eggs
498:Breeding
492:sallying
462:Behavior
456:fledging
397:plumaged
380:dactulos
299:habitats
280:. It is
223:Synonyms
205:Vieillot
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
3733:3600695
3707:thtjac1
3694:1577979
3616:2475038
3603:thtjac1
3577:thtjac1
3549:Avibase
3285:Piculus
3105:Picinae
2963:Picidae
2901:Picidae
2851:Picides
2665:Eubucco
2619:Picavus
2596:Miopico
2523:Galbula
2475:Nonnula
2390:Galbuli
2214:Todidae
2192:Momotus
2157:Aspatha
2091:Halcyon
2070:Cittura
1588:Buceros
1032:Clade:
1026:Clade:
1014:Class:
979:trogons
881:Cotinga
538:by the
419:Endemic
401:fulvous
348:Galbula
295:endemic
207:, 1817)
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
3668:554324
3536:ARKive
3208:Celeus
3192:Picini
2706:Lybius
2648:Capito
2468:Monasa
2341:Neanis
2098:Lacedo
2084:Dacelo
2022:Ceryle
1981:Alcedo
1936:Merops
1658:Tockus
1560:Aceros
1244:Trogon
891:
844:
781:
718:
482:, and
447:Paraná
374:words
333:genus
309:, and
293:It is
167:, 1830
165:Lesson
3720:70889
3650:IRMNG
3598:eBird
3590:3QHZQ
3574:BOW:
3292:Picus
3087:Sasia
2426:Bucco
2233:Todus
1497:Upupa
1442:Upupi
877:(PDF)
518:Voice
372:Greek
3689:NCBI
3676:IUCN
3663:ITIS
3642:1504
3611:GBIF
3047:Jynx
2552:Pici
2119:Syma
1988:Ceyx
1016:Aves
900:2020
889:ISSN
842:ISBN
821:2015
779:ISBN
716:ISBN
682:2015
653:2015
596:2021
579:2020
445:and
392:beak
301:are
274:bird
262:The
128:Aves
3624:IBC
3585:CoL
3523:ADW
939:on
712:390
708:210
583:doi
376:tri
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