373:. During her revisions of the script, she took advice from Morgan to concentrate on the chapters on her childhood, as the chapters on her later life showed little enthusiasm from editors. Discouraged by rejections from publication firms, she also chose to fictionalize herself in the later versions of the script, substituting for herself a fictional character, Sal, a revision that has been subject to much controversy in the authenticity of her recount. Brooks defended her revision in a letter to D. L. Chambers stating, "While I can see that it may lose something in authenticity, I hope that it may gain in vitality. I had felt that, to justify the book, the subject of an autobiography should have achieved distinction in some field, while a good story may just be a good story."
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Church periodicals. While she would state her opinion fearlessly, she often felt conflicted and guilty in her choice to oppose church leaders. She was confronted with two conflicting forces- the good name of the Church and her own faith on the one hand, and history she knew to be true on the other. Juanita chose truth, no matter the cost. In Brooks' letters to general authorities who criticized her, she affirmed her intentions. She famously stated that "This study is not designed either to smear or to clear any individual; its purpose is to present the truth. I feel sure that nothing but the truth can be good enough for the church to which I belong."
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the couple added a daughter, Willa Nita, and three sons to their family. Juanita Brooks had affectionate relationships with all of her children, including her step-sons, describing her family as "compound-complex". She would sometimes complain that she lacked time to write because of her family, but she also stated that her loved ones were essential to her happiness. Her children spoke highly of their mother at her funeral, telling stories of her nurturing character.
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441:. However, she did charge Young with obstructing the investigation and with provoking the attack through his incendiary rhetoric, calling him "an accessory after the fact." Brooks suggested that Young became so fearful of federal invasion that he created a hothouse atmosphere where the militia saw threats everywhere.
271:. She was also awarded the Distinguished Service Award of the Utah Academy of Arts, Sciences, and Letters in 1958. In 1975, she was awarded an honorary membership in Phi Beta Kappa at the University of Utah and a writing award from Dixie College and the Southern Heritage Writers' Guild. From her home in
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broke new ground. It was the first comprehensive account of the incident using modern historical methods. Juanita would write after the kids were in bed, often starting at 11:00 PM or midnight, and working for a few hours, then sleep but still get up with the family in the morning to get them all off
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to prepare and publish the work. Howe consulted McMurrin, studied
Juanita's correspondence with Morgan, and evaluated consistencies among the paper and typewriters used by Brooks to logically order chapters for its final publication. Thus, the autobiography is unfinished by Juanita herself, a tribute
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Brooks' interest in pioneer diaries came from the stories she had been told about the
Mountain Meadows Massacre from family members and friends as she was growing up and later began collecting diaries from the area during the time period so that she could gather more information about the events that
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was taken against Brooks by the church, but an atmosphere of disgrace descended upon her and her protective husband. For a time, she was ostracized from both her local congregation and Church officials for her investigations on such touchy subjects, and she was no longer published within official LDS
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Her calling as a historian and writer was frequently at odds with her position as a believing Mormon woman. As a woman, she was expected to, and indeed, desired to devote her life to homemaking and motherhood. Her passion for research and writing was very unorthodox for her situation. As she wrote in
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Brooks was known as a very humble woman, who, in spite of her numerous recognitions, awards, honors, and academic postings, downplayed her intelligence and achievements. Brooks served on the board of trustees for the Utah State
Historical Society for twenty-four years. She received honorary degrees
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In 1933, the state of Utah discontinued funding for parochial Mormon post-secondary education. She resigned from the college after the program was cut and, in the same year, married a widower named Will Brooks. She became stepmother to his four sons, Walter, Bob, Grant, and Clair. Within five years
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Brooks' study of diaries and other personal journals enlivened her historiography, and her subsequent works reflected her scrutiny of such sources. Brooks went on to write numerous historical articles as well as a variety of family narratives including a biography of her pioneer grandfather Dudley
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and raised there. Her grandparents on both sides were polygamists; her paternal grandfather, Dudley
Leavitt, being one of the primary founders of Bunkerville. From a young age she developed an interest in history when, "her brilliant, sensitive, and imaginative mind was saturated from childhood in
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Brooks' interest in the
Mountain Meadows Massacre impacted her life in a good way. The topic "gave unity to her life very much like the unity a plot gives a novel." More importantly, it has led her to receive a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. This helped her to further her research on the
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Brooks revisited the book in 1970 after returning to Salt Lake City after the death of her husband Will Brooks. The next five years were painstaking to finish the book as Brooks found it challenging to stick to it for long periods of time, and her memory began to falter in regards to her first
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to school and work. She would write while they were away by keeping her ironing handy; when someone would come over she would cover the typewriter with ironing and then iron until the visitor left. She seemed to have a great deal of ironing, and never seemed to get it finished. This inspired
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in southern Utah. Brooks fulfilled this objective by paying individuals to transcribe local pioneer's diaries. Brooks continued to devote herself to unearthing diaries and records of early settlers and organizing a Utah library of
Mormons; and, in 1947, she joined the Board of the
196:, in regards to her writing, she "did not talk about it and did not work on it while they were around". She then described how she would always keep a basket of ironing work nearby, so that if a neighbor dropped by, she could cover her typewriter and appear to be doing housework.
430:, a famous historian and professor: "For a young Mormon mother struggling to define an intellectual life, it was great to know that a renowned historian had once hid her typewriter under the ironing. Juanita Brooks' example taught me that housewives could be thinkers, too."
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in which she describes her childhood and early adulthood through a mix of first and third point narrative. She began the manuscript in 1944 and attempted to get published multiple times through 1949 before temporarily abandoning the project to focus on the publication of
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marriage and early widowhood. In 1977, her children moved her back to St. George and boxed the manuscripts, essentially marking the end of her writing career. The rest of the publication was left up to Trudy McMurrin, Brooks' assigned developmental editor at the
250:. In fact, the two became good friends through their mutual connection of Dale Morgan, and frequently corresponded and assisted each other with scholarly work. Although Brodie was excommunicated for her book and Brooks was not, both were labeled as "dissenters".
275:, she kept up close relationships to her children and her ailing mother, Mary, who died in 1980 Around 1976, she began a slow and debilitating mental and physical decline, which stifled her continuing research and hopes of publication. Brooks died in 1989 from
381:. McMurrin pieced together chapters and ideas, but a lack of dates and unity in style and themes and despite her best efforts, she deemed the work unfit to publish. Juanita's son Karl Brooks took the matters into his own hands and hired
564:, edited by Juanita Brooks. First edition 1964. Published by University of Utah Press. Republished in 1974 by University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, Utah. (Juanita's daughter-in-law was the great granddaughter of
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a little more than a year later, leaving her with an infant son, Leonard Ernest
Pulsipher. After his death, she resumed her job as a teacher, and then received her bachelor's degree from
33:
588:, published by Peregrine Smith Inc., One small edition, 1972 Hardcover, Jaunita and sister, Charity, manage to wrest a Christmas "tree" from the treeless Nevada desert where they live.
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in Salt Lake City, Utah, Juanita Brooks was the first-place winner of the Utah State
Institute of Fine Arts Creative Writing Competition for autobiography in 1969).
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While living near the area in
Southern Utah where the massacre occurred, Brooks investigated the events thoroughly but found no evidence of direct involvement by
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was sometimes linked, and which caused tension between her and the church authorities. She also made significant archival contributions in the form of collected
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312:, while the latter was a graduate student at Columbia doing field work in sociology in Southern Utah, by researching the experiences of Brooks' grandfather
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1198:
Novak, Shannon A.; Rodseth, Lars (February 23, 2018). "Remembering
Mountain Meadows: Collective Violence and the Manipulation of Social Boundaries".
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Honoring Juanita Brooks: A Compilation of 30 Annual Presentations from the Juanita Brooks Lecture Series, Dixie State University. St. George, Utah
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205:
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Robert Glass Cleland, editor, and Juanita Brooks, editor. Huntington Library Press, reissue June 2004 (Paperback, 868pp), 3 Volumes in 1 book.
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Mormon lore." She was often employed as a grade school teacher in nearby Southern Utah. In 1919 she married Ernest Pulsipher, who died of
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Per the encouragement of Dale Morgan, Brooks' colleague in the Works Project Administration, Juanita began writing her autobiography,
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279:, leaving her lifelong autobiographical project unfinished. In honor of Juanita Brooks, a scholarship endowment was established at
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Arrington, L. (1966). Scholarly studies of Mormonism in the twentieth century. Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 1(1), 15-32.
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as a field fellow in the 1940s. These diaries were preserved for others use due to Juanita's diligent pursuit and copying.
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Novak, Shannon (2006). ""Remembering Mountain Meadows: Collective Violence and the Manipulation of Social Boundaries."".
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154:. Her first published work was a poem titled "Sunrise from the Top of Mount Timp," which appeared in the LDS periodical
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Mulder, William. “Quicksand and Cactus: A Memoir of the Southern Mormon Frontier by Juanita Brooks (review).”
345:
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1048:"Dear Dale, Dear Juanita: Two Friends and the Contest for Truth, Fact, and Perspective in Mormon History"
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Faithful Transgressions In The American West: Six Twentieth-Century Mormon Women’s Autobiographical Acts
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is the biography of her husband, written as though he was telling her stories of his life. According to
574:, published by Taggart & Company, Salt Lake City, Utah. 249 pages. Only 2,500 copies were printed. (
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received resounding critical acclaim, and to this day, it remains the definitive history of the event.
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The Juanita Brooks Papers, University of Utah Marriott Library Special Collections, library.utah.edu
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530:. Cheney, Thomas Edward, Austin E. Fife, and Juanita Brooks, eds. Bay Country Publishing Corp, 1971.
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172:, and became an instructor of English and Dean of Women from 1925–1933 at the LDS-backed
100:(January 15, 1898 – August 26, 1989) was an American historian and author, specializing in the
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Peterson, Levi S. "Juanita Brooks's Quicksand and Cactus: The Evolution of a Literary Memoir."
1271:"Juanita Brooks's Quicksand and Cactus: The Evolution of a Literary Memoir" Peterson, Levi S.
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1248:
Juanita Brooks: The Life Story of a Courageous historian of the Mountain Meadows Massacre
704:""Riding Herd: A Conversation with Juanita Brooks", Davis Bitton, Maureen Ursenback, n/d"
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during the Depression of the 1930s, and its transcripts were eventually cataloged at the
216:, but she received none. In fact, such notable church authorities as Steven L. Richards,
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Sunstone Magazine, Oct. 1989, pp. 6–8, www.sunstonemagazine.com/pdf/073-06-08.pdf.
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516:. Utah State University Press, Logan, Utah, reissue November 1992 (paperback, 404 pp).
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1112:"Placing Juanita Brooks Among the Heroes (or Villains) of Mormon and Utah History"
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538:; University of Oklahoma Press (Tdr) reissue May 1991; (softcover, 318 pages).
303:, grandfather of Juanita (Leavitt) Brooks, photographed riding his horse 'Flax'
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Juanita Brooks: Mormon Woman Historian (Utah Centennial Series, Vol 5)
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Juanita Brooks: Mormon Woman Historian (Utah Centennial Series, Vol 5)
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book. She greatly hoped for some sort of acknowledgement on behalf of
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283:, formerly Dixie State College, as well as an annual lecture series.
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history. Her most notable contribution was her book related to the
1171:"Lawmakers approve university status, name change for Dixie State"
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Peterson, Levi S. (1988). "Juanita Brooks as a Mormon Dissenter".
793:
791:
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Juanita Leone Leavitt was born to Henry Leavitt and Mary Hafen in
1454:
American Women Historians, 1700s–1990s: a biographical dictionary
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American Women Historians, 1700s-1990s: A Biographical Dictionary
344:, who was the supervisor for the Utah Writer's Project under the
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556:
Quicksand and cactus: A memoir of the southern Mormon frontier
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Quicksand and Cactus: A Memoir of the Southern Mormon Frontier
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Utah State University Press, Logan, Utah, 7th Printing 1984.
208:, Brooks anticipated excommunication upon the publication of
776:
Brooks, Juanita (1926). "Sunrise at the Top of Mount Timp".
552:. Salt Lake City, Utah, Utah State Historical Society, 1973.
918:
729:"Juanita Brooks and Fawn Brodie—Sisters in Mormon Dissent"
180:
from 1928–1929, she obtained a master's degree from
1509:
Utah Historians and the Reconstruction of Western History
558:. Logan, Utah, Utah State University Press, reissue 1982.
550:
On the ragged edge: The life and times of Dudley Leavitt
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to an unfinished quality of Brooks' living personality.
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Scanlon, Jennifer; Cosner, Shaaron (December 6, 1996).
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Brooks, Juanita Leavitt (1971). "I Married a Family".
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329:. The diary-collecting project was started under the
1089:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 89.
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514:John Doyle Lee: Zealot, Pioneer Builder, Scapegoat
407:. Brooks' notable books on Mormon history include
224:discouraged Brooks from pursuing her study of the
656:
504:. Salt Lake City, Utah, Western Epics, June 1973.
498:Western Text Society, Special publication – 1972.
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562:On the Mormon Frontier: The Diary of Hosea Stout
475:Self-published, St. George, Utah. January 1942.
403:Leavitt and a biography of her sheriff husband,
389:
1009:The John Whitmer Historical Association Journal
962:David O. McKay and the Rise of Modern Mormonism
502:History of the Jews in Utah and Idaho 1853–1950
459:A Mormon Chronicle: The Diaries of John D. Lee.
415:John D. Lee: Zealot, Pioneer Builder, Scapegoat
206:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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508:Jacob Hamblin, Mormon apostle to the Indians
496:Frontier tales; true stories of real people.
434:Mountain Meadows Massacre and other topics.
253:
228:and questioned her motives and research. No
1690:Historians of the Latter Day Saint movement
1605:"Writer blazed trail for massacre research"
1452:Scanlon, Jennifer; Cosner, Shaaron (1996).
316:. In 1934, while Anderson was on the U.S.
286:
192:an article for the Mormon studies journal,
168:After her bachelors degree, she settled in
163:
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473:Dudley Leavitt,: Pioneer to Southern Utah.
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1570:Bitton, Davis, and Leonard J. Arrington.
1250:. University of Utah Press. p. 158.
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444:Despite her notoriety within the church,
89:Leonard Ernest Pulsipher, Sr., 1919–1921
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932:"In Memoriam: Juanita Brooks, 1898-1989"
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340:This work brought her into contact with
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878:"Juanita Brooks, My Subject, My Sister"
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1607:, Salt Lake Tribune, September 9, 2007
1550:The Selected Letters of Juanita Brooks
1411:Fawn McKay Brodie: A Biographer's Life
1335:
1304:
1158:Juanita Brooks: Mormon Woman Historian
1087:Fawn McKay Brodie: A Biographer's Life
994:The Selected Letters of Juanita Brooks
853:
775:
618:
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1336:Brooks, Juanita (September 6, 2012).
1292:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought
1275:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought
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882:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought
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733:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought
611:on census rolls when she was a child.
246:, a similarly notorious biography of
240:, another Mormon historian who wrote
1588:, vol. 19, no. 2, 1984, pp. 167-168.
1581:. Utah State University Press, 2004.
1036:
398:Statue of Brooks in St. George Utah.
204:Despite her loyalty to and love for
1725:20th-century American women writers
1473:Journal of Anthropological Research
1456:. Greenwood Press. pp. 30–31.
1200:Journal of Anthropological Research
1173:, "Deseret News", February 13, 2013
13:
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980:
844:
663:Despain, Matthew; Gowans, Fred R.
348:. She continued this work for the
236:Brooks has often been compared to
14:
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1660:American Latter Day Saint writers
1645:20th-century American biographers
1592:
1574:. University of Utah Press, 1988.
1655:20th-century American historians
1413:, University of Oklahoma, 1999.
1342:. University of Oklahoma Press.
1305:Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher (1993).
807:. Dixie State College. p. 6
801:A Century of Dixie State College
421:'s diaries. Brooks' book on the
1705:People from Bunkerville, Nevada
1685:Historians of the American West
1665:Brigham Young University alumni
1370:, in Powell, Allan Kent (ed.),
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322:Emergency Relief Administration
1601:(from article linked to below)
1430:Dale Morgan on Early Mormonism
1295:, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 145–155.
1129:10.5406/utahhistquar.87.3.0218
1085:Bringhurst, Newell G. (1999).
819:
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727:Bringhurst, Newell G. (1994).
696:
687:
642:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
600:
318:National Labor Relations Board
1:
1730:Latter Day Saints from Nevada
1403:
1339:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
1110:Saunders, Richard L. (2019).
1046:Saunders, Richard L. (2019).
535:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
446:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
410:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
390:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
370:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
346:Works Progress Administration
331:Works Progress Administration
210:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
176:. While on a sabbatical from
136:
1715:People from St. George, Utah
1680:Utah Tech University faculty
1572:Mormons and Their Historians
1548:Craig S. Smith, ed. (2019).
1513:University of Oklahoma Press
1485:10.3998/jar.0521004.0062.101
1307:"The Significance of Trivia"
1212:10.3998/jar.0521004.0062.101
131:
7:
1735:Latter Day Saints from Utah
1586:Western American Literature
1529:In Memoriam Juanita Brooks.
1160:. University of Utah Press.
996:. University of Utah Press.
524:. First published in 1961.
469:. First published in 1955.
265:Southern Utah State College
200:Tension with the LDS Church
112:, to which her grandfather
10:
1751:
1675:Columbia University alumni
1650:American women biographers
1246:Peterson, Levi S. (1988).
1183:Alder, Douglas D. (2014).
1156:Peterson, Levi S. (1996).
930:Peterson, Levi S. (1990).
876:Peterson, Levi S. (1989).
798:Alder, Douglas D. (2011).
671:. utah.gov. Archived from
572:Uncle Will Tells His Story
546:. First published in 1950.
492:. First published in 1975.
405:Uncle Will Tells His Story
308:occurred. Brooks assisted
1720:American women historians
1700:Mountain Meadows Massacre
1372:Utah History Encyclopedia
1311:Journal of Mormon History
1187:. Dixie State University.
1116:Utah Historical Quarterly
936:Utah Historical Quarterly
652:– via Google Books.
614:(1910 NV Census, p68B:70)
528:Lore of faith & folly
423:Mountain Meadows Massacre
254:Accomplishments and death
226:Mountain Meadows Massacre
110:Mountain Meadows Massacre
91:William Brooks, 1933–1970
85:
77:
69:
52:
39:
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1554:University of Utah Press
1542:University of Utah Press
1446:University of Utah Press
1376:University of Utah Press
1374:, Salt Lake City, Utah:
992:Smith, Craig S. (2018).
967:University of Utah Press
965:, Salt Lake City, Utah:
593:
417:(1961). She also edited
379:University of Utah Press
287:Books and scholarly work
164:Academia and family life
98:Juanita Pulsipher Brooks
1409:Bringhurst, Newell G.,
327:Utah Historical Society
292:Pioneer diary archiving
243:No Man Knows My History
1066:Cite journal requires
580:Ken Sanders Rare Books
428:Laurel Thatcher Ulrich
399:
304:
1611:Juanita Leone Leavitt
607:Her name was spelled
397:
299:
261:Utah State University
1515:, Norman, Oklahoma.
675:on November 12, 2017
364:Quicksand and Cactus
281:Utah Tech University
273:Salt Lake City, Utah
174:Dixie Junior College
335:Library of Congress
277:Alzheimer's disease
230:disciplinary action
214:general authorities
182:Columbia University
143:Bunkerville, Nevada
46:Bunkerville, Nevada
1695:Historians of Utah
1325:– via JSTOR.
669:Utah History to Go
586:The Christmas Tree
400:
350:Huntington Library
305:
269:University of Utah
120:documenting early
18:American historian
1710:Writers from Utah
1535:Peterson, Levi S.
1526:Peterson, Levi S.
1439:Peterson, Levi S.
1368:"Brooks, Juanita"
1364:Peterson, Levi S.
1349:978-0-8061-8538-5
957:Wm. Robert Wright
953:Gregory A. Prince
95:
94:
73:Historian, author
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1507:Topping, Gary.
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665:"Juanita Brooks"
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218:LeGrand Richards
170:St. George, Utah
63:St. George, Utah
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43:January 15, 1898
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1544:, October 1988.
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1448:, October 1988.
1434:Signature Books
1425:Morgan, Dale L.
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836:January 29,
566:Hosea Stout
419:Hosea Stout
413:(1950) and
342:Dale Morgan
238:Fawn Brodie
126:Dixie, Utah
78:Nationality
1629:Categories
1599:Photograph
1404:References
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1096:0806131810
576:Uncle Will
267:, and the
137:Early life
70:Occupation
1479:(1): 14.
1138:246586738
1015:: 13–29.
912:259881244
763:254329464
160:in 1926.
132:Biography
1511:. 2003,
1501:53689855
1394:30473917
1366:(1994),
1323:23286336
1228:53689855
1021:43200808
977:, p. 53.
959:(2005),
904:45225730
862:: 15–21.
856:Dialogue
755:45228821
480:Emma Lee
194:Dialogue
148:lymphoma
81:American
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106:Mormon
86:Spouse
1497:S2CID
1489:JSTOR
1319:JSTOR
1224:S2CID
1216:JSTOR
1134:S2CID
1051:(PDF)
1017:JSTOR
908:S2CID
900:JSTOR
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759:S2CID
751:JSTOR
707:(PDF)
594:Notes
259:from
1558:ISBN
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1415:ISBN
1390:OCLC
1380:ISBN
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1278:1979
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955:and
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