1172:'s tour of southern Utah influenced the decision to attack and destroy the Fancher–Baker emigrant train near Mountain Meadows, Utah. He met with many of the eventual participants in the massacre, including W. H. Dame, Isaac Haight, John D. Lee and Chief Jackson, leader of a band of Paiutes. He noted that the militia was organized and ready to fight and that some of them were eager to "fight and take vengeance for the cruelties that had been inflicted upon us in the States." Among Smith's party were a number of Paiute Native American chiefs from the Mountain Meadows area. When Smith returned to Salt Lake, Brigham Young met with these leaders on September 1, 1857, and encouraged them to fight against the Americans in the anticipated clash with the U.S. Army. They were also offered all of the livestock then on the road to California, which included that belonging to the Baker–Fancher party. The Native American chiefs were reluctant, and at least one objected they had previously been told not to steal, and declined the offer.
576:. The Baker–Fancher party defended itself by encircling and lowering their wagons, wheels chained together, along with digging shallow trenches and throwing dirt both below and into the wagons, which made a strong barrier. Seven emigrants were killed during the opening attack and buried somewhere within the wagon encirclement. Sixteen more were wounded. The attack continued for five days, during which the besieged families had little or no access to freshwater or game food and their ammunition was depleted. Meanwhile, organization among the local Mormon leadership reportedly broke down. Eventually, fear spread among the militia's leaders that some emigrants had caught sight of white men, and had probably discerned the identity of their attackers. This resulted in an order to kill all the emigrants, with the exception of small children.
714:. Lee told the battle-weary emigrants that he had negotiated a truce with the Paiutes. Under Mormon protection, the wagon-train members would be escorted safely back to Cedar City, 36 miles (58 km) away, in exchange for turning all of their livestock and supplies over to the Native Americans. Accepting this offer, the emigrants were led out of their fortification, with the adult men being separated from the women and children. The men were paired with a militia escort and when the signal was given, the militiamen turned and shot the male members of the Baker–Fancher party standing by their side. The women and children were then ambushed and killed by more militia that were hiding in nearby bushes and ravines. Members of the militia were sworn to secrecy. A plan was set to blame the massacre on the Native Americans.
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children. "At the close of the massacre there was eighteen children still alive, one girl, some ten or twelve years old, they said was too big and could tell, so they killed her, leaving seventeen." The survivors were taken in by local Mormon families. Seventeen of the children were later reclaimed by the U.S. Army and returned to relatives in
Arkansas. The treatment of these children while they were held by the Mormons is uncertain, but Captain James Lynch's statement in May 1859 said the surviving children were "in a most wretched condition, half starved, half naked, filthy, infested with vermin, and their eyes diseased from the cruel neglect to which had been exposed." Lynch's July 1859 affidavit added that they when they first saw the children they had "little or no clothing" and were "covered with filth and dirt".
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taking a strong public stand against it. Young's use of inflammatory and violent language in response to the
Federal expedition added to the tense atmosphere at the time of the attack. Following the massacre, Young stated in public forums that God had taken vengeance on the Baker–Fancher party. It is unclear whether Young held this view because he believed that this specific group posed an actual threat to colonists or because he believed that the group was directly responsible for past crimes against Mormons. However, in Young's only known correspondence prior to the massacre, he told the Church leaders in Cedar City:
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349:, made plans to attack the wagon train. The leaders of the militia, wanting to give the impression of tribal hostilities, persuaded Southern Paiutes to join with a larger party of militiamen disguised as Native Americans in an attack. During the militia's first assault on the wagon train, the emigrants fought back, and a five-day siege ensued. Eventually, fear spread among the militia's leaders that some emigrants had caught sight of the white men, likely discerning the actual identity of a majority of the attackers. As a result, militia commander
439:, to emigrate to southern California. The group was initially referred to as both the Baker train and the Perkins train, but later referred to as the Baker–Fancher train (or party). It was named after "Colonel" Alexander Fancher who, having already made the journey to California twice before, had become its main leader. By contemporary standards the Baker–Fancher party was prosperous, carefully organized, and well-equipped for the journey. They were joined along the way by families and individuals from other states, including
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me about the road, and wrote the information down that I gave them. They expressed a wish to lay by at some suitable place to recruit their teams before crossing the desert. I recommended to them, for this purpose, the south end of the
Mountain Meadows, three miles from where my family resided. ... Brother Haskell and I remained in Salt Lake City one week, and then started for our homes in Southern Utah. On the way, we heard that the Arkansas company of emigrants had been destroyed at the Mountain Meadows,
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father of a child who allegedly died from this poisoned spring, and accepted the sincerity of the grieving father. But, he also included a statement from an investigator who did not believe the
Fancher party was capable of poisoning the spring, given its size. Carleton invited readers to consider a potential explanation for the rumors of misdeeds, noting the general atmosphere of distrust among Mormons for strangers at the time, and that some locals appeared jealous of the Fancher party's wealth.
724:, founder of the Mormon History Association, reports that Brigham Young received the rider, James Haslam, at his office on the same day. When he learned what was contemplated by the militia leaders in Parowan and Cedar City, he sent back a letter stating the Baker–Fancher party was not to be meddled with, and should be allowed to go in peace (although he acknowledged the Native Americans would likely "do as they pleased"). Young's letter arrived two days too late, on September 13, 1857.
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Army in 1864. By some reports, the monument was destroyed in 1861, when Young brought an entourage to
Mountain Meadows. Wilford Woodruff, who later became President of the Church, said that upon reading the inscription on the cross, which read, "Vengeance is mine, thus saith the Lord. I shall repay", Young responded, "it should be vengeance is mine and I have taken a little." In 1932, residents of the surrounding area constructed a memorial wall around the remnants of the monument.
357: – to enter their camp. The militia members assured the emigrants they were protected, and after handing over their weapons, the emigrants were escorted away from their defensive position. After walking a distance from the camp, the militiamen, with the help of auxiliary forces hiding nearby, attacked the emigrants. The perpetrators killed all the adults and older children in the group, in the end sparing only seventeen young children under the age of seven.
1251:. In 1999, the LDS Church replaced the U.S. Army's cairn and the 1932 memorial wall with a second monument, which it now maintains. In August 1999, when the LDS Church's construction of the 1999 monument had started, the remains of at least 28 massacre victims were dug up by a backhoe. The forensic evidence showed that the remains of the males had been shot by firearms at close range and that the remains of the women and children showed evidence of blunt force trauma.
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the party ebbed and flowed depending on where it was in its journey west so the exact number of people in the wagon train at any given time and the exact number of people who were killed remains unknown (though Briggs states that 120 people were killed). The number of children who survived – those who were thought too young to remember the circumstances of their families' deaths – is generally acknowledged by multiple sources to be seventeen in number.
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Affairs for Utah, also conducted an investigation that included visiting the region in the summer of 1859. Forney retrieved many of the surviving children of massacre victims who had been housed with Mormon families and gathered them up for transportation to their relatives in
Arkansas. He concluded that the Paiutes did not act alone and the massacre would not have occurred without the white settlers, while Carleton's report to the
904:. A notable report on the incident was made in 1859 by Carleton, who had been tasked by the U.S. Army to investigate the incident and bury the still exposed corpses at Mountain Meadows. The first period of intense nationwide publicity about the massacre began around 1872 after investigators obtained Klingensmith's confession. In 1868 C. V. Waite published "An Authentic History Of Brigham Young" which described the events. In 1872,
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1127:"caused trouble" for Mormons and Native Americans along the route (by some accounts claiming that they had the gun that "shot the guts out of Old Joe Smith"). They were also affected by the report to Brigham Young that the Baker–Fancher party was from Arkansas where Pratt was murdered. It was rumored that Pratt's wife recognized some of the Mountain Meadows party as being in the gang that shot and stabbed Pratt.
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1699:– outbreak of the Mormon War ... Mormons were already engaged in hostilities with the United States Army forces, – were inciting unrest by intimating that the real purpose of the river expedition was to steal Indian lands ... – Mormon rebels were among the Mohaves inciting them to murder and plunder ... Haskell's impressions of his hosts as treacherous Yankees bent on plundering helpless Mormons.
1091:, with Brigham Young stating, "Nothing has happened so hard to reconcile my mind to since the death of Joseph." Many Mormons held the people of Arkansas collectively responsible. "It was in accordance with Mormon policy to hold every Arkansan accountable for Pratt's death, just as every Missourian was hated because of the expulsion of the church from that state."
3695:(Daily Journal of Abraham H. Cannon, December 6, 1889, p. 205) (stating that he understood that his Endowment in Nauvoo included "an oath against the murders of the Prophet Joseph as well as other prophets, and if he had ever met any of those who had taken a hand in that massacre he would undoubtedly have attempted to avenge the blood of the Martyrs").
3725:, p. 311 ("n regard to those who have persecuted this people and driven them to the mountains, I intend to meet them on their own grounds...I will tell you how it could be done, we could take the same law they have taken, viz., mobocracy, and if any miserable scoundrels come here, cut their throats. (All the people said, Amen).")
3674:(Daily Journal of Abraham H. Cannon, December 6, 1889, p. 205). In 1904, several witnesses said that the oath as it then existed was that participants would never cease to pray that God would avenge the blood of the prophets on this nation", and that they would teach this practice to their posterity "unto the 3rd and 4th generation".
1084:(under the theocratic law of the Utah Territory), but Hector had refused Eleanor a divorce. "When she left San Francisco she left Hector, and later she was to state in a court of law that she had left him as a wife the night he drove her from their home. Whatever the legal situation, she thought of herself as an unmarried woman."
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When
President Smith returned to Salt Lake City, Brother Thales Haskell and I accompanied him. On our way we camped over night on Corn Creek, twelve miles south of Fillmore, with a party of emigrants from Arkansas, traveling on what was then known as the southern route to California. They inquired of
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problem occurring at the time. Mormons were required to stockpile grain, and were enjoined against selling grain to emigrants for use as cattle feed. As far-off Mormon colonies retreated, Parowan and Cedar City became isolated and vulnerable outposts. Brigham Young sought to enlist the help of Native
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The livestock and personal property of the Baker–Fancher party, including women's jewelry, clothing and bedstuffs were distributed or auctioned off to
Mormons. Some of the surviving children saw clothing and jewelry that had belonged to their dead mothers and sisters subsequently being worn by Mormon
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to pray that God would take vengeance against the murderers. As a result of this oath, several Mormon apostles and other leaders considered it their religious duty to kill the prophets' murderers if they ever came across them. The sermons, blessings, and private counsel by Mormon leaders just before
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of Jesus was imminent – "...there are those now living upon the earth who will live to see the consummation" and "...we now bear witness that his coming is near at hand". Based on a somewhat ambiguous statement by Joseph Smith, some
Mormons believed that Jesus would return in 1891 and that God would
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illustrating the killing field as described by Brevet Major
Carleton "one too horrible and sickening for language to describe. Human skeletons, disjointed bones, ghastly skulls, and the hair of women were scattered in frightful profusion over a distance of two miles." "the remains were not buried at
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concerning the massacre, but the jury declined any indictments. Nevertheless, Cradlebaugh conducted a tour of the Mountain Meadows area with a military escort. He attempted to arrest John D. Lee, Isaac Haight, and John Higbee, who fled before they could be found. Cradlebaugh publicly charged Brigham
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The exact number of people who were in the wagon party is estimated by authors and historians to range from 120 to around 140. Bagley states that 70 people in the group were women and children known by name and that at least two-thirds of the wagon train consisted of women and children. The size of
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The first monument for the victims was built two years after the massacre, by Major Carleton and the U.S. Army. This monument was a simple cairn built over the gravesite of 34 victims, and was topped by a large cedar cross. The monument was found destroyed and the structure was replaced by the U.S.
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The Mountain Meadows massacre was caused in part by events relating to the Utah War, an 1857 deployment toward the Utah Territory of the United States Army, whose arrival was peaceful. In the summer of 1857, however, the Mormons expected an all-out invasion of apocalyptic significance. From July to
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Thus, historians argue that southern Utah Mormons would have been particularly affected by an unsubstantiated rumor that the Baker–Fancher wagon train had been joined by a group of eleven miners and plainsmen who called themselves "Missouri Wildcats", some of whom reportedly taunted, vandalized and
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Both the perpetrators and victims of the massacre were complicated, and that many different coinciding circumstances led the Mormon settlers to commit an atrocity against travelers who, regardless of the authenticity of any unfounded claims of anti-Mormon behavior, did not deserve the punishment of
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Lee was entitled under Utah Territorial statute to choose the method of his execution from three possible options: hanging, firing squad, or decapitation. At sentencing, Lee chose to be executed by firing squad. In his final words before his sentence was carried out at Mountain Meadows on March 23,
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on August 5, 1875. Lee's second trial began September 13, 1876, before an all-Mormon jury. The prosecution called Daniel Wells, Laban Morrill, Joel White, Samuel Knight, Samuel McMurdy, Nephi Johnson, and Jacob Hamblin. Lee also stipulated, against advice of counsel, that the prosecution be allowed
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led the first federal investigation of the murders, published in 1859. He recorded Hamblin's account that the train was alleged to have poisoned a spring near Corn Creek; this resulted in the deaths of 18 head of cattle and two or three people who ate the contaminated meat. Carleton interviewed the
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Following the massacre, the perpetrators buried some of the remains but ultimately left most of the bodies exposed to wild animals and the climate. Local families took in the surviving children, with many of the victims' possessions and remaining livestock being auctioned off. Investigations, which
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If you were to inquire of the people who lived hereabouts, and lived in the country at that time, you would find, ... that some of this Arkansas company ...boasted of having to helped to kill Hyrum and Joseph Smith and the Mormons in Missouri, and that they never meant to leave the Territory until
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In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. You must not meddle with them. The Indians we expect will do as they please but you should try and preserve good feelings with them. There are no other trains
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conducted investigations. In Carleton's investigation, at Mountain Meadows he found women's hair tangled in sage brush and the bones of children still in their mothers' arms. Carleton later said it was "a sight which can never be forgotten." After gathering up the skulls and bones of those who had
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A modern forensic assessment of a key affidavit, purportedly given by William Edwards in 1924, has complicated the debate on complicity of senior Mormon leadership in the Mountain Meadows massacre. Analysis indicates that Edwards's signature may have been traced and that the typeset belonged to a
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There is a consensus among historians that Brigham Young played a role in provoking the massacre, at least unwittingly, and in concealing its evidence after the fact. However, they debate whether Young knew about the planned massacre ahead of time and whether he initially condoned it before later
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meeting after church services and brought up the issue of what to do with the emigrants. The plan for a Native American massacre was discussed, but not all the Council members agreed it was the right approach. The Council resolved to take no action until Haight sent a rider, James Haslam, out the
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traveled throughout the southern part of the territory instructing the settlers to stockpile grain. While on his return trip to Salt Lake City, Smith camped near the Baker–Fancher party on August 25, 1857, at Corn Creek. They had traveled the 165 miles (266 km) south from Salt Lake City, and
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Is the spirit of the government and rule here despotic? In their use of the word, some may deem it so. It lays the ax at the root of the tree of sin and iniquity; judgment is dealt out against the transgression of the law of God. If that is despotism, then the policy of this people may be deemed
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In 2014, archaeologist Everett Bassett discovered two rock piles he believes mark additional graves. The locations of the possible graves are on private land and not at any of the monument sites owned by the LDS Church. The Mountain Meadows Monument Foundation has expressed their desire that the
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Carleton interviewed a few local Mormon settlers and Paiute Native American chiefs and concluded that there was Mormon involvement in the massacre. He issued a report in May 1859, addressed to the U.S. Assistant Adjutant-General, setting forth his findings. Jacob Forney, Superintendent of Indian
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According to historian MacKinnon, "After the war, U.S. President James Buchanan implied that face-to-face communications with Brigham Young might have averted the conflict, and Young argued that a north-south telegraph line in Utah could have prevented the Mountain Meadows massacre." MacKinnon
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Initially, the LDS Church denied any involvement by Mormons, and was relatively silent on the issue. In 1872, it excommunicated some of the participants for their role in the massacre. Since then, the LDS Church has condemned the massacre and acknowledged involvement by local Mormon leaders. In
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The militia did not kill small children who were deemed too young to relate what had happened. Nancy Huff, one of the seventeen survivors and just over four years old at the time of the massacre, recalled in an 1875 statement that an eighteenth survivor was killed directly in front of the other
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The dispirited Baker–Fancher party found water and fresh grazing for its livestock after reaching grassy, mountain-ringed Mountain Meadows, a widely known stopover on the old Spanish Trail, in early September. They anticipated several days of rest and recuperation there before the next 40 miles
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Lee was arrested on November 7, 1874. Dame, Philip Klingensmith, Ellott Willden, and George Adair Jr. were indicted and arrested while warrants to pursue the arrests of four others who had gone into hiding (Haight, Higbee, William C. Stewart, and Samuel Jukes) were being obtained. Klingensmith
1115:, the teachings of church leaders were particularly strident. Mormons in Cedar City were taught that members should ignore dead bodies and go about their business. Col. William H. Dame, the ranking officer in southern Utah who ordered the Mountain Meadows massacre, received a
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had recently issued an order to send troops to Utah which led to rumors being spread in the territory about its motives. Young issued various orders that urged the local population to prepare for the arrival of the troops. Eventually Young issued a declaration of martial law.
1123:(Native Americans) in the redemption of Zion and the avenging of the blood of the prophets upon them that dwell on the earth". In June 1857, Philip Klingensmith, another participant, was similarly blessed that he would participate in "avenging the blood of Brother Joseph".
3709:, p. 247: quotes from "Diary of Daniel Davis, July 8, 1849", held in the LDS archives(A Mormon who listened to a sermon by Young in 1849 recorded that Young said "if any one was catched stealing to shoot them dead on the spot and they should not be hurt for it");
3713:, p. 247 (stating that a man would be justified in putting a javelin through his plural wife caught in the act of adultery, but anyone intending to "execute judgment...has got to have clean hands and a pure heart...else they had better let the matter alone");
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September 11 will mark the anniversary of the most horrific terrorist attack in U.S. history. ... I refer to September 11, 1857. ... It was the most horrific terrorist attack in our nation's history, not as figured by body count, but in the way its victims were
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system. Following the council, Isaac C. Haight decided to send a messenger south to John D. Lee. What Haight told Lee remains a mystery, but considering the timing it may have had something to do with Council's decision to wait for advice from Brigham Young.
1030:, intending to "lay the axe at the root of the tree of sin and iniquity". In January 1856, Young said "the government of God, as administered here" may to some seem "despotic" because "...judgment is dealt out against the transgression of the law of God."
3539:, p. 233 "When she left San Francisco she left Hector, and later she was to state in a court of law that she had left him as a wife the night he drove her from their home. Whatever the legal situation, she thought of herself as an unmarried woman."
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1725:, pp. 10, 14, 101–105, 266: The figure of 120 to 140 dead that appears on Page 266, in Appendix XI of Brooks, is taken verbatim from Deputy U.S. Marshal William H. Rogers' Statement, as printed in the February 29, 1860 edition of the
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An early investigation was conducted by Brigham Young, who interviewed John D. Lee on September 29, 1857. In 1858, Young sent a report to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs stating that the massacre was the work of Native Americans. The
3731:, p. 260: Quote: "LDS leaders publicly and privately encouraged Mormons to consider it their right to kill antagonistic outsiders, common criminals, LDS apostates, and even faithful Mormons who committed sins 'worthy of death'."
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Prior to 1985, many textbooks available in Utah Public Schools blamed the Paiute people as primarily responsible for the massacre, or placed equal blame on the Paiute and Mormon settlers (if they mentioned the massacre at all).
3105:'Terrorism' is not a word to be taken lightly. But the evidence, coupled with long-forgotten Mormon doctrines, demonstrate that the purpose of the Mountain Meadows atrocity was to strike fear into the hearts of intruders ....
1213:
suggests that hostilities could have been avoided if Young had traveled east to Washington D.C. to resolve governmental problems instead of taking a five-week trip north on the eve of the Utah War for church-related reasons.
945:, a Mormon scholar who lived near the area in southern Utah. Brooks found no evidence of direct involvement by Brigham Young, but charged him with obstructing the investigation and provoking the attack through his rhetoric.
934:
In 1910, the massacre was the subject of a short book by Josiah F. Gibbs, who also attributed responsibility for the massacre to Young and Smith. The first detailed and comprehensive work using modern historical methods was
365:, resulted in nine indictments in 1874. Of the men who were indicted, only John D. Lee was tried in a court of law. After two trials in the Utah Territory, Lee was convicted by a jury, sentenced to death, and executed by
1266:. On one side of this monument is a map and short summary of the massacre, while the opposite side contains a list of the victims. In 2005, a replica of the U.S. Army's original 1859 cairn was built in the community of
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It is a stern fact that the people of the United States have shed the blood of the Prophets, driven out the Saints of God,...consequently I look for the Lord to use His whip on the refractory son called 'Uncle
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some participants including Haight and Lee from the LDS Church in 1870. The U.S. posted bounties of $ 5000 ($ 120474 in present-day funds) each for the capture of Haight, Higbee, Stewart, and Klingensmith.
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Young as an instigator to the massacre and therefore an "accessory before the fact". Possibly as a protective measure against the mistrusted federal court system, Mormon territorial probate court judge
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Portrayal of the perpetrators (white Mormon settlers) as fundamentally good and the Baker-Fancher party as evil people who committed outrageous acts of anti-Mormon instigation prior to the massacre;
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1247:, composed of descendants of both the Baker–Fancher party victims and the Mormon participants, designed a new monument in the meadows; this monument was completed in 1990 and is maintained by the
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arrested Young under a territorial warrant, perhaps hoping to divert any trial of Young into a friendly Mormon territorial court. Apparently because no federal charges ensued, Young was released.
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In 2007, the 150th anniversary of the massacre was remembered by a ceremony held in the meadows. Approximately 400 people, including many descendants of those slain at Mountain Meadows and Elder
924:. The massacre itself also received international attention, with various international and national newspapers also covering John D. Lee's 1874 and 1877 trials as well as his execution in 1877.
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ordered his forces to kill the emigrants. By this time, the emigrants were running low on water and provisions, and allowed some members of the militia – who approached under a
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While most witnesses said that the Fanchers were in general a peaceful party whose members behaved well along the trail, rumors spread about their supposed misdeeds. U.S. Army
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4941:"Laban Morrill Testimony—Witness for the Prosecution at Second Trial of John D. Lee September 14 to 20, 1876 (Mountain Meadows Massacre Trials (John D. Lee Trials) 1875–1876)"
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The Baker–Fancher party was refused stocks in Salt Lake City and chose to leave there and take the Old Spanish Trail, which passed through southern Utah. In August 1857, the
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all until after they had been dismembered by the wolves and the flesh stripped from the bones, and then only such bones were buried as lay scattered along nearest the road".
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3691:(December 21, 1845) (saying that in the temple he had "covenanted, and will never rest...until those men who killed Joseph & Hyrum have been wiped out of the earth");
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For the decade prior to the Baker–Fancher party's arrival there, Utah Territory existed as a theodemocracy led by Brigham Young. During the mid-1850s, Young instituted a
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Maj. John H. Higbee. John D. Lee and others said Higbee gave the command that began the killings. Higbee later disavowed responsibility and blamed Lee for the massacre.
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1072:. Following these events, faithful Mormons migrated west hoping to escape persecution. However, in May 1857, just months before the Mountain Meadows massacre, apostle
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1397:(1995) – A novel about a fictional bounty hunter, Cobb Pittman, who with his catch dog, Redeye, tracks down Mormons responsible for the Mountain Meadows Massacre.
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3719:, p. 219 ("f needs help, help him; and if he wants salvation and it is necessary to spill his blood on the earth in order that he may be saved, spill it")
1429:(2014) – A novel of four generations of a family in Utah, beginning with two fictional daughters of John D. Lee, with the Mountain Meadows massacre as backdrop.
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3945:. Vol. 9, no. 5. Parowan, Utah Territory (published September 23, 1857). p. 3 – via Utah Digital Newspapers, J. Willard Marriott Library,
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Esmail, Ashraf; Eargle, Lisa A.; Hamann, Brandon (May 3, 2021). "Significant Historical Accounts of Domestic Terrorism: The Mountain Meadows Massacre (1857)".
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3670:, pp. 496–497 (describing the oath prior to 1970 as requiring a "private, immediate duty to avenge the death of the Prophet and Martyr, Joseph Smith");
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sites are conserved and given national monument status. Other descendant groups have been more hesitant in accepting the sites as legitimate grave markers.
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September 2007, the LDS Church published an article marking 150 years since the tragedy occurred, containing its first official apology about the massacre.
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American tribes in fighting the "Americans", encouraging them to steal cattle from emigrant trains, and to join Mormons in fighting the approaching army.
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suggested that the wagon train continue on the trail and rest their cattle at Mountain Meadows, which had good pasture and was adjacent to his homestead.
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
554:(LDS) leaders pondering how to implement Young's declaration of martial law. On the afternoon of Sunday, September 6, 1857, Haight held his weekly Stake
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In addition, during the preceding decades, the religion had undergone a period of intense persecution in the American Midwest. In particular, they were
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The Rocky Mountain Saints: a Full and Complete History of the Mormons, from the First Vision of Joseph Smith to the Last Courtship of Brigham Young
4616:
3577:, p. "I die a firm believer in the Gospel of Jesus Christ as revealed through the Prophet Joseph Smith ... I am dying a martyr to the faith."
1967:
1667:, p. 308, "CITIZENS OF UTAH: We are invaded by a hostile force, who are evidently assailing us to accomplish our overthrow and destruction.".
589:
5351:
The article was written by Morris A. Shirts and the Encyclopedia was published by the University of Utah Press. ISBN 9780874804256. Archived from
5278:"Instructions to the Bishops—Men Judged According to their Knowledge—Organization of the Spirit and Body—Thought and Labor to be Blended Together"
4253:
6613:
5568:
5547:
5241:
1181:
874:
5342:
5425:
3446:
6392:
5907:
5537:
5512:
4140:
3759:
See Patriarchal blessing of William H. Dame, February 20, 1854, in Harold W. Pease, "The Life and Works of William Horne Dame", M.A. thesis,
3053:
1234:
1021:
377:
231:
1099:
soon exact punishment against the United States for persecuting Mormons and martyring Joseph Smith, Hyrum Smith, Patten and Pratt. In their
7538:
6450:
3145:
Prior to the Oklahoma City bombing, the Mountain Meadows massacre was the largest act of domestic terrorism to ever occur on American soil.
908:
commented on the massacre through the lens of contemporary American public opinion in an appendix to his semi-autobiographical travel book
5316:"To Know God is Eternal Life—God the Father of Our Spirits and Bodies—Things Created Spiritually First—Atonement by the Shedding of Blood"
2578:
559:
next day to carry an express to Salt Lake City (a six-day round trip on horseback) for Brigham Young's advice, as Utah did not yet have a
388:, including Brigham Young, directly instigated the massacre or if responsibility for it lay only with the local leaders in southern Utah.
7774:
6604:
6382:
1487:
289:
4231:, Paragraph 13 "The most enduring was a wall which still stands at the siege site. It was erected in 1932 and surrounds the 1859 cairn."
1655:, Paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6 "War hysteria permeated the area. ... Governor Brigham Young subsequently issued a proclamation of martial law".
326:, eventually stopping to rest at Mountain Meadows. As the party was traveling west there were rumors about the party's behavior towards
7809:
7759:
7247:
7047:
4694:
4333:
4068:
2247:
Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, September. 10, 1857, Letterpress Copybook 3:827–828, Brigham Young Office Files, LDS Church Archives.
856:
1877, Lee said that he was a scapegoat for others involved. Brigham Young stated that Lee's fate was just, but it was not a sufficient
486:
3839:
815:
in 1861, but proceeded in 1871 when prosecutors obtained the affidavit of militia member Philip Klingensmith. Klingensmith had been a
5418:
5315:
5295:
3808:
It is uncertain whether the Missouri Wildcat group stayed with the slow-moving Baker–Fancher party after leaving Salt Lake City. See
4033:
Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, 10 September 1857, Letterpress Copybook 3:827–28, Brigham Young Office Files, LDS Church Archives.
2988:
706:
On Friday, September 11, 1857, two militiamen approached the Baker–Fancher party wagons with a white flag and were soon followed by
675:. He led the initial assault and falsely offered emigrants safe passage prior to their mile-long march to the field of the Massacre.
3486:"To the Honorable Judge of the Court, in the town of Van Buren, State of Arkansas, May 12, 1957 (Mrs. Pratt's Letter to the Judge)"
1522:
4523:
2563:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
7799:
7794:
6881:
6572:
5954:
4974:
4504:
1108:
the Mountain Meadows massacre can be understood as encouraging private individuals to execute God's judgment against the wicked.
953:
852:
to re-use the depositions of Young and Smith from the previous trial. Lee called no witnesses in his defense, and was convicted.
7622:
5375:
1530:, an 1838 order issued by the governor declaring that Mormons be treated as enemies and "exterminated" or driven from the state
582:
4887:
1631:
7615:
7610:
6780:
6683:
5194:
5169:
5034:
4895:
4871:
4850:
4825:
4792:
4731:
4674:
4571:
3252:
3211:
3174:
3134:
3094:
2078:
1951:
300:
56:
7225:
7084:
6988:
6869:
6653:
5930:
5702:
5682:
5667:
5635:
5592:
4940:
1372:
1160:
September 1857, Mormon leaders and their followers prepared for a siege that could have ended up similar to the seven-year
937:
531:
The Baker–Fancher party left Corn Creek and continued the 125 miles (201 km) to Mountain Meadows, passing Parowan and
341:'s declaration of martial law in response. While the emigrants were camped at the meadow, local militia leaders, including
24:
20:
3016:
7605:
7479:
7383:
6558:
2351:
4120:
931:
in 1877, expressing his opinion that George A. Smith was sent to southern Utah by Brigham Young to direct the massacre.
7789:
7754:
7575:
7548:
7528:
7378:
6849:
6345:
4650:
3975:
3912:
3447:"The Powers of the Priesthood Not Generally Understood – The Necessity of Living by Revelation – The Abuse of Blessing"
3285:
2225:
4476:
1704:
1599:
976:, historians from different backgrounds have taken different approaches to describe the massacre and those involved:
7655:
7543:
6804:
6663:
5221:
3404:
2518:
2030:
4354:
2921:
2857:
2825:
7719:
7518:
6755:
5157:
4097:
1459:
555:
2889:
2210:
Turley, Richard E.; Johnson, Janiece L.; Carruth, LaJean Purcell, eds. (2017). "Chapter 8 James Lynch Affidavit".
1254:
550:. As the Baker–Fancher party approached, several meetings were held in Cedar City and nearby Parowan by the local
7784:
7764:
7533:
7523:
7425:
7116:
6993:
6690:
6597:
5675:
5389:
4389:
312:
5082:
3373:
The Evolution of History: Changing Narratives of the Mountain Meadows Massacre in Utah's Public School Curricula
7400:
6963:
6834:
6534:
6434:
5180:
5068:
4767:
3429:
3396:
3313:
2031:""Save the emigrants", Joseph Clewes on the Mountain Meadows massacre (Joseph Clewes – eyewitness – Statement)"
1543:
728:
women and the journalist J.H. Beadle said that jewelry taken from Mountain Meadows was seen in Salt Lake City.
4965:"Supplement to the lecture on the Mountain Meadows massacre. Important additional testimony recently received"
792:
366:
7257:
7242:
6931:
6540:
4381:
1225:, a convicted forger and extortionist, via go-between Lyn Jacobs who provided the society with the document.
1218:
1100:
5186:
The Mormon Prophet and His Harem: Or, an Authentic History of Brigham Young, His Numerous Wives and Children
7553:
6492:
5616:
4642:
4563:
3126:
3086:
2570:
2550:
2217:
2013:
1825:
Jacob Hamblin: A Narrative of His Personal Experience Fifth Book of the Faith-Promoting Series (Chapter VI)
1316:
768:
called the mass killings a "heinous crime", blaming both local and senior church leaders for the massacre.
330:
settlers and war hysteria towards outsiders was rampant as a result of a military expedition dispatched by
94:
3550:"Murder of Parley P. Pratt, One of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints"
1076:
was shot dead in Arkansas by Hector McLean, the estranged husband of Eleanor McLean Pratt, one of Pratt's
6899:
4219:
Scott G. Kenney, ed., Wilford Woodruff's Journal, 9 vols. (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1984), 5:577.
1527:
1142:
1050:
1034:
5404:
4742:
Erickson, Dan (1996). "Joseph Smith's 1891 Millennial Prophecy: The Quest for Apocalyptic Deliverance".
4624:
3963:
The Overland Journey from Utah to California: Wagon Travel from the City of Saints to the City of Angels
3900:
The Overland Journey from Utah to California: Wagon Travel from the City of Saints to the City of Angels
7769:
7645:
7435:
7272:
7267:
6968:
6814:
6590:
6522:
6350:
6329:
4257:
3967:
3904:
1686:
1538:
1289:
1038:
816:
688:
2257:
Klingensmith, Philip (September 5, 1872). Written at Lincoln County, Nevada. Toohy, Dennis J. (ed.).
1407:(2002) – A novel about how the wives of John D. Lee have to come to terms with their husband's actions
7469:
7420:
7388:
7368:
7351:
7138:
7121:
7040:
6829:
6824:
6510:
5352:
4744:
3829:
2377:"Charge (Orally delivered by Hon. John Cradlebaugh to the Grand Jury, Provo, Tuesday, March 8, 1859)"
1823:
1511:
1419:(2007) – The film is a fictional love story between real characters who were involved in the massacre
920:
747:
delayed any investigation by the U.S. federal government until 1859, when Jacob Forney and U.S. Army
416:
4815:
3472:
despotic. But does not the government of God, as administered here, give to every person his rights?
3458:
1262:
In 1955, to memorialize the victims of the massacre, a monument was installed in the town square of
7804:
7687:
7474:
7430:
7373:
7277:
6775:
6770:
6740:
6695:
6546:
6474:
6403:
5398:
5060:
3454:
2343:
2213:
Mountain Meadows Massacre: Collected Legal Papers, Initial Investigations and Indictments, Volume 1
2070:
1943:
1271:
424:
420:
6582:
5717:
4144:
3063:
7779:
7176:
7005:
6958:
6809:
6678:
6516:
5563:
5455:
3277:
3244:
2066:
1939:
1516:
412:
408:
402:
277:
185:
145:
927:
The massacre has been treated extensively by several historical works, beginning with Lee's own
7814:
7560:
7203:
6924:
6844:
6750:
6715:
5964:
5480:
5465:
4179:
2561:
2541:
2157:
1604:
1533:
765:
297:
285:
82:
4704:
3961:
3898:
3511:
3485:
983:
The polar opposite view, that the perpetrators were evil and that the emigrants were innocent;
695:
in the militia. He participated in the killings. After leaving the LDS Church he later turned
7640:
7415:
7346:
6998:
6951:
6552:
6498:
6456:
5969:
5949:
5600:
5323:
5285:
5262:
4982:
3643:
3377:
3166:
3021:
2993:
2894:
2798:
1495:
1359:
1069:
965:
5899:
5697:
5254:
5237:
4328:
4180:"Salt Lake and Fort Mojave W R Expedition, Camp No. 18, Mountain Meadow, Utah, May 25, 1864"
3639:
3236:
3195:
3158:
3118:
3078:
2058:
1931:
1119:
in 1854 that he would "be called to act at the head of a portion of thy Brethren and of the
7464:
7405:
7282:
7252:
7089:
6936:
6571:
Death counts do not include deceased perpetrator(s). This navbox reflects information from
6480:
6446:
5233:
4811:
4684:
4581:
4302:
3843:
3512:"Further Particulars of the Murder – To Brother Orson (A letter from Eleanor McLean Pratt)"
2522:
1267:
1116:
781:
752:
721:
513:
2094:
843:, before a jury of eight Mormons and four non-Mormons. One of Lee's defense attorneys was
775:, a federal judge brought into the territory after the Utah War, convened a grand jury in
8:
7677:
7670:
7186:
6941:
6875:
6858:
6504:
6486:
6468:
5184:
4964:
4879:
4617:"The Mountain Meadows Massacre: An Analytical Narrative Based on Participant Confessions"
4596:
4441:
2059:
1932:
1506:
696:
671:. The only convicted participant, Lee conspired in advance with his immediate commander,
623:
William H. Dame • William C. Stewart • Ellott Willden • Samuel Jukes • George Adair, Jr.)
5495:
5238:"Proclamation of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints"
4840:
354:
7600:
7595:
7410:
7317:
7143:
6914:
5584:
5393:– a newspaper article containing James Lynch's 1859 Affidavit, published first in the
5376:
PBS Frontline documentary: The Mormons, Part One, episodes 8 & 9: Mountain Meadows.
5044:
4991:
4960:
4920:
4912:
4753:
4194:
3946:
3787:
3203:
2716:
2426:
2404:
2384:
2274:
1961:
1690:
1263:
1081:
1027:
915:
889:
812:
616:
of the Tenth Regiment "Iron Brigade" who were indicted in 1874 for murder or conspiracy
436:
381:
362:
331:
235:
5405:
United States Office of Indian Affairs Papers Relating to Charges Against Jacob Forney
4999:
4842:
Mormonism Unveiled; or the Life and Confessions of the Late Mormon Bishop, John D. Lee
3861:
3648:. Vol. 2. Liverpool: F.D. & S.W. Richards (published 1855). pp. 148–49.
2304:
1221:, which maintains the document in its archives, acknowledges a possible connection to
7819:
7715:
7565:
7356:
7341:
7230:
7215:
7151:
7010:
6643:
5608:
5190:
5165:
5140:
5102:
5074:
5064:
5030:
4924:
4867:
4846:
4821:
4798:
4788:
4784:
4727:
4717:
4670:
4646:
4602:
4567:
4481:
4461:
4359:
4279:
4125:
3971:
3908:
3635:
3425:
3400:
3340:
3309:
3281:
3248:
3207:
3170:
3130:
3090:
2830:
2412:
2317:
2221:
2074:
1947:
1855:
1351:
1325:
1309:
1104:
1046:
748:
509:
204:
5267:, vol. 2, Liverpool: F.D. & S.W. Richards (published 1855), pp. 309–17
4585:
2265:. Vol. 5, no. 252. Corinne, Utah (published September 24, 1872). p. 1
898:
Initial published reports of the incident date back at least to October 1857 in the
568:(64 km) would take them out of Utah. On September 7, the party was attacked by
7181:
6946:
6894:
6839:
6819:
6700:
6528:
6363:
University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
5643:
5209:
5123:
5018:
4928:
4904:
4861:
3692:
3688:
3671:
3663:
3198:
Confessions of a Revisionist Historian: David L. Bigler on the Mormons and the West
2862:
2557:
2537:
2392:
2372:
2026:
1677:
David H. Miller (1972). "The Ives Expedition Revisited: A Prussian's Impressions".
1416:
1321:
1248:
1112:
1057:
969:
900:
772:
551:
532:
474:
335:
5407:. Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
4688:
4436:
3870:. Vol. 24, no. 27. Salt Lake City (published August 4, 1875). p. 8.
787:
7632:
7491:
7312:
7111:
7094:
7025:
6765:
6710:
6633:
5475:
5460:
5346:
5217:
5134:
5098:
5026:
4778:
4723:
4666:
4636:
4337:
3825:
3237:
3196:
3159:
3119:
3079:
2699:
2211:
1426:
1329:
1282:
1208:
going south that I know of f those who are there will leave let them go in peace.
1169:
1161:
1139:
1077:
1073:
1053:
973:
857:
832:
672:
636:
573:
546:. Haight and Dame were, in addition, the senior regional military leaders of the
543:
539:
536:
489:
350:
342:
210:
4944:
2519:"Tragedy at Mountain Meadows Massacre: Toward a Consensus Account and Time Line"
7650:
7513:
7454:
7393:
7262:
7062:
7052:
6745:
6730:
6638:
5653:
5319:
5281:
5258:
4705:"Horrible Massacre of Arkansas and Missouri Emigrants (Letter to G.N. Whitman)"
4632:
3936:
3678:, p. 134 The oath was deleted from the ceremony in the early 20th century.
3030:
2937:
2907:
2875:
2843:
2811:
2416:
2169:
1501:
1433:
1411:
1404:
1394:
1377:
942:
692:
478:
462:
444:
319:
292:(LDS Church) involved with the Utah Territorial Militia (officially called the
281:
86:
3816:, p. 280 (referring to the "Missouri Wildcats" story as "Utah mythology".
7748:
7570:
7099:
6973:
6760:
6648:
5485:
5311:
5273:
5250:
5205:
3857:
3743:
3549:
1851:
1195:
1191:
1146:
1095:
1042:
613:
569:
547:
494:
470:
466:
338:
293:
242:
200:
116:
103:
5410:
5118:
5078:
4105:
3393:
Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints
2793:
2152:
7442:
7161:
6673:
6658:
5229:
5107:
4073:
3941:
3866:
3833:
3258:
3217:
3180:
3140:
3100:
3058:
2704:
2421:
2396:
2376:
2322:
1860:
1222:
1061:
844:
840:
707:
668:
443:. The group was relatively wealthy, and planned to restock its supplies in
5380:
3774:
Mountain Meadows Witness: The Life and Times of Bishop Philip Klingensmith
3604:
3371:
3344:
2258:
1285:
of the LDS Church's Quorum of the Twelve Apostles attended this ceremony.
7665:
7171:
6904:
6863:
5328:, vol. 4, Liverpool: S.W. Richards (published 1857), pp. 215–21
5291:
5225:
4836:
4559:
Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows
4553:
4143:(Press release). The Utah Division of State History. 2010. Archived from
2035:
1473:
1438:
1365:
1336:
House of Mourning: A Biocultural History of the Mountain Meadows Massacre
1065:
910:
776:
738:
Investigations and prosecutions relating to the Mountain Meadows Massacre
711:
664:
432:
372:
Historians attribute the massacre to a combination of factors, including
346:
323:
259:
188:
174:
148:
4995:
4916:
4863:
The Story of the Mormons: From the Date of their Origin to the Year 1901
4757:
1694:
1000:
Historians have ascribed the massacre to a number of factors, including
883:
7486:
5213:
5153:
3330:
3026:
2045:...it was made known by Higbee that the emigrants were to be wiped out.
1292:
after joint efforts by descendants of those killed and the LDS Church.
905:
308:
16:
1857 massacre of California-bound emigrants by Nauvoo Legion militiamen
4888:"Loose in the stacks, a half-century with the Utah War and its legacy"
3117:
Hopper, Shay E.; Baker, T. Harri; Browning, Jane (September 1, 2007).
2721:"I do, and I believe that Lee has not half atoned for his great crime"
1441:(1915) – Protagonist Darrell Standing is reincarnated as Jesse Fancher
681:
500:
7447:
7322:
6358:
List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
4908:
4412:"Mitt Romney's Mormon faith tangles with a quirk of Arkansas history"
4301:
Brown-Hovelt, Luscinia; Himelfarb, Elizabeth J. (November 30, 1999).
3336:
2153:"The Mountain Meadow Massacre. Statement of one of the Few Survivors"
1120:
848:
820:
560:
385:
6433:
5365:
4967:. Salt Lake City: Printed at Juvenile Instructor Office. p. 40.
4355:"Families of Mountain Meadows Massacre victims want crosses at site"
1135:
6720:
6612:
5470:
4590:. The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft. Vol. 26. History Company.
4456:
4036:
3772:
See Patriarchal blessing of Philip Klingensmith, Anna Jean Backus,
1930:
Walker, Ronald W., Richard E. Turley, JR., Glen M. Leonard (2008).
744:
504:
Christopher Kit Fancher (survivor of the Mountain Meadows massacre)
440:
428:
304:
273:
160:
2989:"The Mountain Meadows Massacre: 5 Things Every Mormon Should Know"
2715:– via Utah Digital Newspapers, J. Willard Marriott Library,
2273:– via Utah Digital Newspapers, J. Willard Marriott Library,
1498:, a lynching reportedly ordered by Mormon leaders two months later
1352:
American Massacre: The Tragedy At Mountain Meadows, September 1857
1306:
Vengeance Is Mine: The Mountain Meadows Massacre and Its Aftermath
799:
7156:
3840:"The Mountain Meadows Massacre: An Aberration of Mormon Practice"
847:, a former territorial supreme court justice. The trial led to a
645:
41:
5889:
5144:
4802:
4606:
2318:"Visit of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs to Southern Utah"
2057:
Walker, Ronald W.; Turley, Richard E.; Leonard, Glen M. (2008).
1979:
1977:
1894:
1892:
1186:
572:
militiamen dressed as Native Americans and some Native American
276:
that resulted in the mass murder of at least 120 members of the
4234:
3883:, p. 431 (citing "Argus", an anonymous contributor to the
2576:
2326:. Vol. 9, no. 10 (published May 11, 1859). p. 1.
2311:. Vol. 1, no. 28 (published May 10, 1859). p. 2.
2129:, pp. 326–329: "Without a Name of a Home – John M. Higbee"
1088:
824:
657:
630:
327:
262:, leader in the local Mormon community and of the local militia
246:
4663:
The Mysteries of Godliness: A History of Mormon Temple Worship
4595:
Beadle, John Hanson (1870). "Chapter VI. The Bloody Period.".
4098:"Mountain Meadows Massacre Artifact Now Believed To Be A Fake"
819:
and blacksmith from Cedar City; by the 1870s, however, he had
5929:
4703:
Christian, J. Ward (October 4, 1857). Hamilton, Henry (ed.).
3746:, January 24, 1892, LDS archives, in Moorman & Sessions,
2259:"Mountain Meadows Massacre, Affidavit of Philip Klingensmith"
2132:
1974:
1889:
1788:
1776:
757:
4623:. Vol. 74, no. 4. pp. 313–333. Archived from
4069:"Mountain Meadows Massacre affidavit linked to Mark Hofmann"
3422:
The New Mormon history : revisionist essays on the past
2774:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1002:
strident Mormon teachings in the years prior to the massacre
280:
emigrant wagon train. The massacre occurred in the southern
7683:
Eyewitness accounts associated with the Joseph Smith Papyri
5706:
2095:"Mountain Meadows Massacre Site in Utah by Phil Konstantin"
1670:
170:
5382:
The Mountain Meadows Massacre: A Bibliographic Perspective
4772:. Little Rock, Arkansas: Encyclopedia of Arkansas Project.
3081:
The Mormon Rebellion: America's First Civil War, 1857–1858
831:
escaped prosecution by agreeing to testify. Brigham Young
272:(September 7–11, 1857) was a series of attacks during the
5646:
Burying the Past: Legacy of the Mountain Meadows Massacre
3760:
2281:
2188:
2120:
2001:
1989:
1343:
Burying The Past: Legacy of The Mountain Meadows Massacre
1198:
leader of the Utah Territory at the time of the massacre.
863:
597:
322:, the Baker–Fancher party made their way south along the
4048:
4003:
2956:
2440:
2438:
2436:
952:
In modern times, the murders have been called an act of
5370:
5111:. Salt Lake City (published August 4, 1875). p. 1.
4601:. Philadelphia: National Publishing. pp. 177–195.
4505:"Archaeologist: Mountain Meadows Massacre graves found"
4177:
4159:
3991:
3592:
3580:
3274:
Massacre at Mountain Meadows : an American tragedy
2185:, p. 56:"Without a Name of a Home –John M. Higbee"
1879:
1877:
1875:
1087:
Mormon leaders immediately proclaimed Pratt as another
959:
604:
Killings and aftermath of the Mountain Meadows Massacre
4201:
4015:
2794:"The Massacre of the Hundred Emigrants by the Mormons"
2679:
2642:
2630:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1864:. Vol. 26, no. 16 (published May 23, 1877).
5204:
4300:
3616:
3610:
3424:. Salt Lake City: Signature Books. pp. 267–301.
2968:
2738:
2592:
2486:
2474:
2462:
2450:
2433:
2110:
2108:
2012:
Brigham Young: American Moses, Leonard J. Arrington,
879:
Mountain Meadows Massacre and Mormon public relations
795:
on March 23, 1877. Lee is seated, next to his coffin.
527:
Conspiracy and siege of the Mountain Meadows Massacre
384:
period. Scholars debate whether senior leadership in
5397:(July 21, 1875) & subsequently published in the
4353:
Stack, Peggy; Ravitz, Jessica (September 14, 2007).
3483:
2209:
2176:
1872:
1805:
1803:
1449:
1362:: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows
1155:
War hysteria preceding the Mountain Meadows Massacre
914:. In 1873, the massacre was given a full chapter in
457:
War hysteria preceding the Mountain Meadows Massacre
450:
5960:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
4477:"Mountain Meadows now a national historic landmark"
4457:
LDS Church Apologizes for Mountain Meadows Massacre
3776:(Spokane: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1995), pp. 118, 124;
3116:
3077:Bigler, David L.; Bagley, Will (October 22, 2014).
2056:
1904:
995:
303:. The wagon train, made up mostly of families from
4975:"Eleanor McLean and the Murder of Parley P. Pratt"
4943:. The Mountain Meadows Association. Archived from
4766:Finck, James (2018). "Mountain Meadows Massacre".
4719:American Massacre: The Tragedy at Mountain Meadows
3234:
2944:
2654:
2403:. Vol. 1, no. 22. p. 3 – via
2383:. Vol. 1, no. 20. p. 3 – via
2105:
756:died, Carleton's troops buried them and erected a
731:
376:about a possible invasion of Mormon territory and
5991:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
5355:on March 21, 2024, and retrieved on May 15, 2024.
5294:(published 1856), pp. 243–49, archived from
4108:on August 18, 2005 – via keithjeffreys.com.
3516:The Latter-Day Saints' Millennial Star, Volume 19
3490:The Latter-Day Saints' Millennial Star, Volume 19
2762:
2750:
2726:
2425:. Vol. 9, no. 5. p. 2 – via
2151:Huff Cates, Nancy Saphronia (September 1, 1875).
1800:
868:
63:
7835:Terrorist incidents in the United States in 1857
7746:
6435:Deadliest terrorist attacks in the United States
3306:Desert saints : the Mormon frontier in Utah
535:, southern Utah communities led respectively by
6615:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
6383:National Register of Historic Places portal
5569:Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows Massacre
2672:"Territorial Dispatches: the Sentence of Lee",
1676:
1299:
1182:Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows Massacre
1149:and neighboring settlements before the massacre
1145:who met the Baker–Fancher party before touring
875:Media coverage of the Mountain Meadows Massacre
4845:. St. Louis, Missouri: Bryan, Brand & Co.
4769:Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture
4711:. San Bernardino (published October 10, 1857).
4690:Special Report of the Mountain Meadow Massacre
4437:"Eyring expresses regret for pioneer massacre"
4256:. Mountain Meadows Association. Archived from
2298:
2296:
2205:
2203:
1384:
1001:
6598:
6419:
5915:
5683:
5440:
5426:
4959:
4121:"Mountain Meadows affidavit Hofmann forgery?"
3788:"Malinda (Cameron) Scott Thurston Deposition"
1995:
1235:Remembrances of the Mountain Meadows Massacre
1056:was killed in battle. After Mormons moved to
1022:Mountain Meadows Massacre and Mormon theology
839:Lee's first trial began on July 23, 1875, in
811:Further investigations were cut short by the
5117:Staff (October 3, 1857). Hamilton, H (ed.).
4641:(1st paperback ed.). Norman, Oklahoma:
4524:"Voices of the Mountain Meadows descendants"
3640:"Fulfilment of Prophecy—Wars and Commotions"
3365:
3363:
3361:
3076:
2529:
2256:
1966:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1015:
5158:"Appendix B, The Mountain Meadows Massacre"
5139:, New York: D. Appleton, pp. 424–458,
5133:Stenhouse, T.B.H. (1873), "Chapter XLIII",
5045:Malinda (Cameron) Scott Thurston Deposition
4409:
4352:
3299:
3297:
2391:
2371:
2293:
2200:
1488:National Register of Historic Places portal
1258:Memorial monument built at the site in 1990
1249:Utah State Division of Parks and Recreation
1103:, faithful early Latter-day Saints took an
887:The cover of the August 13, 1859, issue of
411:was formed from several groups mainly from
290:Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
288:, and was perpetrated by settlers from the
6605:
6591:
6426:
6412:
5922:
5908:
5690:
5676:
5433:
5419:
4810:
4348:
4346:
4104:. Vol. 22, no. 4. Archived from
3997:
3265:
2411:
2150:
1347:a documentary film by Brian Patrick (2004)
1217:typewriter manufactured in the 1950s. The
461:At the time of the Fanchers' arrival, the
380:against outsiders, which were part of the
40:
5931:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
5132:
5047:published by Mountain Meadows Association
5023:The Mormon Hierarchy: Extensions of Power
4885:
4702:
4119:Smart, Christopher (September 10, 2010).
4066:
4054:
4042:
4009:
3937:"Correspondence: Trip to the Santa Clara"
3934:
3880:
3358:
3052:De Groote, Michael (September 11, 2008).
3051:
3015:Turley, Richard E. Jr. (September 2007).
2780:
2744:
2337:
2335:
2333:
1568:
1566:
1564:
473:, who had established colonies along the
7830:Christian terrorism in the United States
7825:Massacres committed by Latter Day Saints
6979:Black temple and priesthood restrictions
5164:. Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing.
4741:
4683:
4580:
4178:Captain George F. Price (June 8, 1864).
4165:
4095:
4067:De Groote, Michael (September 7, 2010).
3837:
3622:
3308:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
3303:
3294:
3054:"Writing 'Massacre at Mountain Meadows'"
2556:
2536:
2395:(March 29, 1859). Anderson, Kirk (ed.).
2375:(March 15, 1859). Anderson, Kirk (ed.).
1883:
1766:
1750:
1523:History of the Latter Day Saint movement
1253:
1185:
1134:
882:
798:
786:
499:
447:, as did most wagon trains at the time.
4938:
4660:
4521:
4503:Osinski, Nichole (September 20, 2015).
4502:
4475:Stack, Peggy Fletcher (June 30, 2011).
4468:
4343:
4327:Flickr. J. Stephen Conn's photostream.
3935:Martineau, James H. (August 22, 1857).
3675:
3390:
3161:Battling Terrorism in the United States
2986:
2579:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
1917:
520:
296:) who recruited and were aided by some
7747:
5310:
5272:
5181:Waite, C.V. (Catharine Van Valkenburg)
5050:
4715:
4631:
4614:
4594:
4552:
4522:Osinski, Nichole (November 14, 2015).
4340:(photograph). Retrieved March 9, 2009.
4240:
4228:
4207:
4021:
3828:in Tietoa Mormonismista Suomeksi. See
3813:
3809:
3716:
3710:
3667:
3586:
3554:The Latter-day Saints' Millennial Star
3419:
3328:
3271:
3193:
3156:
3014:
2974:
2598:
2492:
2480:
2468:
2456:
2444:
2341:
2330:
2315:
2302:
2287:
2194:
2182:
2138:
2126:
2025:
1983:
1929:
1898:
1821:
1794:
1782:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1652:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1561:
1288:In 2011, the site was designated as a
1094:Mormon leaders were teaching that the
864:Criticism and analysis of the massacre
639:—Battalion Commander—died 1886 Arizona
598:Killings and aftermath of the massacre
396:
6586:
6407:
5903:
5671:
5414:
5249:
5179:
5152:
5116:
5097:
5017:
4972:
4896:Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought
4776:
4765:
4474:
4410:Somashekhar, Sandhya (May 20, 2012).
4309:. Archaeological Institute of America
4118:
3959:
3896:
3856:
3785:
3728:
3722:
3706:
3634:
3574:
3536:
3484:Eleanor McLean Pratt (May 12, 1857).
3444:
2962:
2768:
2756:
2732:
2697:
2577:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
2342:Fisher, Alyssa (September 16, 2003).
1850:
1809:
1770:
1738:
1080:. Parley Pratt and Eleanor entered a
477:and the Old Spanish Trail. President
5703:National Register of Historic Places
5371:Mountain Meadows Monument Foundation
4859:
4141:"Probable Hofmann Forgery Uncovered"
3887:whom Stenhouse met and vouched for).
3742:See Letter from Mary L. Campbell to
3598:
3121:An Arkansas History for Young People
2987:Hampton, Jeff (September 11, 2017).
2866:. Winfield, Kansas. December 3, 1874
2834:. Liverpool, England. April 27, 1860
1754:
1718:
1597:
1276:Mountain Meadows Monument Foundation
1010:alleged involvement of Brigham Young
960:Varying perspectives of the massacre
25:The Mountain Meadows Massacre (film)
21:The Mountain Meadows Massacre (book)
7606:List of Book of Mormon translations
7576:Truth & Transparency Foundation
7480:Utah Property Management Associates
7048:spectrums of orthodoxy and practice
6559:Milwaukee Police Department bombing
4835:
3445:Young, Brigham (January 27, 1856).
2950:
2802:. London, England. December 4, 1857
2685:
2660:
2648:
2636:
2352:Archaeological Institute of America
2114:
1664:
1600:"The Aftermath of Mountain Meadows"
1598:King, Gilbert (February 29, 2012).
1586:
1045:, the state of Missouri during the
860:, given the enormity of the crime.
315:that passed through the Territory.
13:
7775:Battles involving Native Americans
6346:National Historic Preservation Act
5335:
5189:. Chicago: J.S. Goodman & Co.
4839:(1877). Bishop, William W. (ed.).
4330:Mountain Meadows Massacre Monument
3239:Terrorism Inside America's Borders
3157:Kennon, Caroline (July 15, 2017).
1009:
14:
7846:
7810:Child murder in the United States
7760:1857 murders in the United States
7656:Mormonism and Nicene Christianity
5359:
4939:Morrill, Laban (September 1876).
3369:
2826:"Treacherous Massacre by Mormons"
2698:Young, Brigham (April 30, 1877).
1867:similar scenes were enacted here.
1005:
451:Interactions with Mormon settlers
7726:
7714:
7703:
7702:
6388:
6387:
6376:
5888:
5716:
5494:
5119:"Rumored Massacre on the Plains"
4983:Brigham Young University Studies
4860:Linn, William Alexander (1902).
4665:(2nd ed.). Salt Lake City:
4515:
4496:
4449:
4429:
4403:
4374:
4321:
4294:
4280:"1999 Mountain Meadows Monument"
4272:
4246:
4222:
4213:
4171:
4133:
4112:
4089:
4060:
4027:
3953:
3928:
3890:
3874:
3850:
3819:
3802:
3779:
3518:. May 12, 1857. pp. 426–427
1757:, Chap. XVI, 4th full paragraph.
1480:
1466:
1460:Latter Day Saint movement portal
1452:
1175:
996:Theories explaining the massacre
791:The scene at Lee's execution by
699:against his fellow conspirators.
680:
656:
644:
629:
581:
71:Mountain Meadows Massacre (Utah)
62:
55:
7727:
7426:Deseret News Publishing Company
5533:Investigations and prosecutions
5236:; et al. (April 6, 1845).
5055:. In Powell, Allan Kent (ed.).
4545:
4509:The (St. George, Utah) Spectrum
4390:Central Arkansas Library System
3786:Scott, Malinda Cameron (1877).
3766:
3753:
3736:
3698:
3681:
3656:
3628:
3568:
3542:
3530:
3504:
3477:
3438:
3413:
3384:
3322:
3228:
3187:
3150:
3110:
3070:
3045:
3017:"The Mountain Meadows Massacre"
3008:
2980:
2914:
2882:
2850:
2818:
2786:
2691:
2666:
2617:
2604:
2511:
2498:
2365:
2344:"The Mountain Meadows Massacre"
2250:
2241:
2144:
2087:
2050:
2019:
1923:
1844:
1815:
1760:
1713:, pp. 56, 62–66, 388–389;
1228:
1130:
732:Investigations and prosecutions
7800:Mormonism and Native Americans
7795:Massacres in the United States
7401:Deseret Management Corporation
6299:Federated States of Micronesia
5945:Architectural style categories
4886:MacKinnon, William P. (2007).
4282:. Mountain Meadows Association
3790:. Mountain Meadows Association
3397:Brigham Young University Press
2700:"Interview with Brigham Young"
1856:"Interview with Brigham Young"
1744:
1732:
1679:The Journal of Arizona History
1620:
1544:Terrorism in the United States
1190:Historians debate the role of
869:Media coverage about the event
1:
7661:Relationship to U.S. politics
7248:Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
6541:Pittsburgh synagogue shooting
5637:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
5594:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
4963:; Haslam, James Holt (1885).
4780:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
4638:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
4382:"Carrollton (Carroll County)"
2397:"Discharge of the Grand Jury"
1549:
1373:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
1312:, Barbara Jones Brown, (2023)
1219:Utah State Historical Society
956:in many works of literature.
938:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
234:against outsiders during the
46:The 1999 burial site monument
6553:Buffalo supermarket shooting
6493:UpStairs Lounge arson attack
5618:Massacre at Mountain Meadows
5366:Mountain Meadows Association
4661:Buerger, David John (2002).
4643:University of Oklahoma Press
4564:University of Oklahoma Press
3332:Utah grows, past and present
3329:Buttle, Faye Jensen (1970).
3127:University of Arkansas Press
3087:University of Oklahoma Press
2571:American Antiquarian Society
2551:American Antiquarian Society
2218:University of Oklahoma Press
2061:Massacre at Mountain Meadows
2014:University of Illinois Press
1934:Massacre at Mountain Meadows
1828:. Juvenile Instructor Office
1580:
1338:, by Shannon A. Novak (2008)
1317:Massacre at Mountain Meadows
1300:Media detailing the massacre
1270:, the former county seat of
1245:Mountain Meadows Association
1168:Scholars have asserted that
592:Panorama of the area in 2009
435:at Beller's Stand, south of
7:
5103:"Deposition, People v. Lee"
5053:"Mountain Meadows Massacre"
4303:"Mountain Meadows Massacre"
4096:Jeffreys, Keith B. (2010).
3862:"Deposition, People v. Lee"
2508:, November 18, 1874, p. 16.
1996:Penrose & Haslam (1885)
1628:"Mountain Meadows Massacre"
1528:Missouri Executive Order 44
1445:
1385:Works of historical fiction
1194:in the massacre. Young was
213:Native American auxiliaries
203:(Utah Territorial Militia,
10:
7851:
7646:Mormon History Association
7436:Beneficial Financial Group
6351:Historic Preservation Fund
6330:American Legation, Morocco
5348:Utah History Encyclopedia.
5290:, vol. 3, Liverpool:
5051:Shirts, Morris A. (1994).
4695:Government Printing Office
4615:Briggs, Robert H. (2006).
4587:History of Utah, 1540–1886
3968:University of Nevada Press
3960:Lyman, Edward Leo (2004).
3905:University of Nevada Press
3897:Lyman, Edward Leo (2004).
3748:Camp Floyd and the Mormons
3272:Walker, Ronald W. (2008).
2417:"The Court & the Army"
2316:Forney, J. (May 5, 1859).
2303:Forney, J. (May 5, 1859).
1687:Arizona Historical Society
1539:Salt Creek Canyon massacre
1290:National Historic Landmark
1274:. it is maintained by the
1232:
1179:
1152:
1019:
872:
735:
601:
524:
454:
400:
391:
241:Possible instigation from
18:
7790:Deaths by firearm in Utah
7755:Mountain Meadows Massacre
7721:Latter Day Saint Movement
7698:
7584:
7502:
7470:Perpetual Emigration Fund
7421:Temple Square Hospitality
7369:Church Educational System
7331:
7291:
7214:
7139:Latter-day Saints Channel
7071:
6870:For the Strength of Youth
6791:
6729:
6622:
6569:
6535:LaGuardia Airport bombing
6511:Los Angeles Times bombing
6463:Mountain Meadows Massacre
6441:
6371:
6338:
6317:
6292:Lists by associated state
6291:
6250:
5983:
5937:
5886:
5723:
5714:
5628:
5577:
5556:
5506:Mountain Meadows massacre
5503:
5492:
5448:
5442:Mountain Meadows Massacre
5057:Utah History Encyclopedia
4777:Gibbs, Josiah F. (1910),
4745:Journal of Mormon History
4621:Utah Historical Quarterly
3826:Mountain Meadows Massacre
3194:Bigler, David L. (2015).
3089:. pp. xi, 179, 299.
2890:"John D. Lee's Execution"
2676:, October 18, 1876, p. 4.
1822:Little, James A. (1881).
1512:Christianity and violence
1060:, the religion's founder
1049:, during which prominent
1016:Strident Mormon teachings
921:The Rocky Mountain Saints
805:Leslie's Monthly Magazine
427:counties in northwestern
270:Mountain Meadows Massacre
255:
228:about a possible invasion
219:
194:
180:
166:
154:
140:
132:
93:
78:
51:
39:
35:Mountain Meadows Massacre
34:
7688:Kirtland Egyptian papers
7611:Joseph Smith Translation
7475:Perpetual Education Fund
7431:Bonneville International
6810:Apostasy and restoration
6547:Preparedness Day bombing
6499:El Paso Walmart shooting
6475:Pulse nightclub shooting
6273:Northern Mariana Islands
5399:St. Louis Globe-Democrat
5061:University of Utah Press
5059:. Salt Lake City, Utah:
4386:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
3838:Williams, Chris (1993).
3455:Brigham Young University
3245:Rowman & Littlefield
2623:Orson Ferguson Whitney,
2504:"John D. Lee Arrested",
2263:Corinne Journal Reporter
1554:
1355:, by Sally Denton (2003)
1272:Carroll County, Arkansas
614:Nauvoo Legion militiamen
469:under the leadership of
431:. They assembled into a
361:were interrupted by the
7544:Historical authenticity
6505:Wilmington insurrection
4866:. New York: Macmillan.
3642:. In Watt, G.D. (ed.).
3451:Book of Abraham Project
3420:Ronald, Walker (1992).
3304:Anderson, Nels (1969).
3278:Oxford University Press
2625:Popular History of Utah
2415:, ed. (April 6, 1859).
2067:Oxford University Press
1940:Oxford University Press
687:Philip Klingensmith, a
184:120–140 members of the
7785:Criticism of Mormonism
7765:1857 in Utah Territory
7561:Mormon Stories Podcast
7253:Quorums of the Seventy
6984:Curses of Cain and Ham
6751:Doctrine and Covenants
6716:Mormonism and violence
6471:(1921) (75–300 deaths)
6268:Minor Outlying Islands
6251:Lists by insular areas
5965:Keeper of the Register
5557:Other related articles
5528:Killings and aftermath
5466:Southern Paiute people
4973:Pratt, Steven (1975).
4820:. Huntington Library.
4716:Denton, Sally (2003).
4609:. LCC BX8645 .B4 1870.
4336:July 20, 2020, at the
3966:(Hardcover ed.).
3903:(Hardcover ed.).
3885:Corinne Daily Reporter
3391:Roberts, B.H. (1965).
2926:Green-Mountain Freeman
2614:, July 28, 1875, p. 5.
2158:Daily Arkansas Gazette
1534:Mormonism and violence
1519:, an attack on Mormons
1259:
1243:Starting in 1988, the
1210:
1199:
1150:
895:
808:
796:
505:
7641:Mormon fundamentalism
7416:Deseret Digital Media
7389:BYU–Pathway Worldwide
7308:Statistics by country
7122:Humanitarian services
6523:San Bernardino attack
6457:Oklahoma City bombing
5970:National Park Service
5950:Contributing property
5602:Blood of the Prophets
5325:Journal of Discourses
5314:(February 8, 1857b),
5287:Journal of Discourses
5264:Journal of Discourses
5147:, LCC BX8611 .S8 1873
4812:Huntington, Dimick B.
4685:Carleton, James Henry
4582:Bancroft, Hubert Howe
4465:; September 11, 2007.
4102:Free Inquiry magazine
3666:(December 21, 1845);
3645:Journal of Discourses
3613:, pp. 2 & 5.
3378:Utah State University
3167:Greenhaven Publishing
3066:on February 21, 2009.
2895:Cincinnati Daily Star
2799:The Morning Chronicle
1634:on September 26, 2022
1496:Aiken massacre (Utah)
1360:Blood of the Prophets
1257:
1205:
1189:
1138:
966:Richard E. Turley Jr.
886:
802:
790:
771:In March 1859, Judge
503:
7539:Geographical setting
7465:Ensign Peak Advisors
7406:Deseret Book Company
7090:Especially for Youth
6937:Baptism for the dead
6805:Apostolic succession
6776:Joseph Smith–History
6771:Joseph Smith–Matthew
6756:Pearl of Great Price
6691:LGBT Mormon timeline
6664:Good Neighbor policy
6481:Bath School disaster
6447:September 11 attacks
6325:District of Columbia
5543:LDS public relations
5523:Conspiracy and siege
5456:Hawn's Mill massacre
5384:by Newell Bringhurst
5255:"The Kingdom of God"
4627:on October 21, 2013.
4562:, Norman, Oklahoma:
4147:on September 5, 2010
3846:on October 14, 2007.
3834:UTLM Newsletters #88
3399:. pp. 139–145.
2523:Utah Tech University
2220:. pp. 243–253.
1517:Haun's Mill massacre
1268:Carrollton, Arkansas
1117:patriarchal blessing
753:James Henry Carleton
722:Leonard J. Arrington
710:and militia officer
691:in the church and a
667:, constable, judge,
521:Conspiracy and siege
514:James Henry Carleton
467:theocratic democracy
336:Territorial Governor
136:September 7–11, 1857
117:37.4755°N 113.6437°W
23:. For the film, see
7678:Joseph Smith Papyri
7085:Cultural depictions
6882:Family Proclamation
6859:Family Home Evening
6487:Wall Street bombing
6469:Tulsa race massacre
6465:(1857) (120 deaths)
6459:(1995) (168 deaths)
5564:Baker–Fancher party
5513:Theological factors
5504:Articles about the
5276:(March 16, 1856b),
4961:Penrose, Charles W.
4947:on October 13, 2018
4416:The Washington Post
3611:Young et al. (1845)
3601:, pp. 519–520.
3461:on February 7, 2019
3125:(Fourth ed.).
2965:, pp. 7–9, 42.
2783:, pp. 424–458.
2688:, pp. 225–226.
2651:, pp. 302–303.
2639:, pp. 317–378.
2305:"Kirk Anderson Esq"
2290:, pp. 174–175.
2197:, pp. 101–105.
1507:Christian terrorism
1039:Extermination Order
1035:officially expelled
803:"Justice At Last!"–
465:was organized as a
409:Baker–Fancher party
407:In early 1857, the
403:Baker–Fancher party
397:Baker–Fancher party
369:on March 23, 1877.
311:, traveling on the
113: /
7628:FARMS organization
7601:ComeUntoChrist.org
7411:Deseret Industries
7318:Less-active Mormon
7303:Membership history
7152:Missionary service
7117:General Conference
6706:Name of the church
6696:Handcart companies
6561:(1917) (10 deaths)
6555:(2022) (10 deaths)
6549:(1916) (10 deaths)
6543:(2018) (11 deaths)
6537:(1975) (11 deaths)
6531:(1886) (12 deaths)
6525:(2015) (14 deaths)
6519:(2009) (14 deaths)
6517:Fort Hood shooting
6513:(1910) (21 deaths)
6507:(1898) (22 deaths)
6501:(2019) (23 deaths)
6495:(1973) (32 deaths)
6489:(1920) (38 deaths)
6483:(1927) (44 deaths)
6477:(2016) (49 deaths)
5869:Zion National Park
5586:Mormonism Unveiled
5395:Cincinnati Gazette
5343:"The Iron Mission"
5025:. Salt Lake City:
4783:, Salt Lake City:
4530:. St. George, Utah
4195:University of Utah
3947:University of Utah
3763:, 1971, pp. 64–66.
3636:Grant, Jedediah M.
3492:. pp. 425–426
3395:. Salt Lake City:
3335:. Salt Lake City:
3204:University of Utah
3202:. Salt Lake City:
3169:. pp. 6, 12.
2717:University of Utah
2427:University of Utah
2413:Carrington, Albert
2405:University of Utah
2385:University of Utah
2275:University of Utah
2099:americanindian.net
1854:(April 30, 1877).
1264:Harrison, Arkansas
1260:
1200:
1151:
1101:Endowment ceremony
1082:Celestial marriage
1028:Mormon Reformation
954:domestic terrorism
918:'s Mormon history
916:T. B. H. Stenhouse
896:
813:American Civil War
809:
797:
506:
382:Mormon Reformation
363:American Civil War
332:President Buchanan
318:After arriving in
236:Mormon Reformation
122:37.4755; -113.6437
19:For the book, see
7770:Massacres in 1857
7742:
7741:
7623:FAIR organization
7566:Salamander letter
7231:Russell M. Nelson
7011:Reformed Egyptian
6994:Pacific Islanders
6835:Plan of salvation
6781:Articles of Faith
6684:succession crisis
6644:Anthon Transcript
6580:
6579:
6401:
6400:
5955:Historic district
5897:
5896:
5665:
5664:
5610:American Massacre
5401:on July 26, 1875.
5390:Mountain Meadows.
5210:Kimball, Heber C.
5196:978-0-665-37321-3
5171:978-0-19-515979-0
5101:(July 30, 1875).
5085:on August 9, 2013
5036:978-1-56085-060-1
5019:Quinn, D. Michael
4934:on March 4, 2009.
4873:978-1-4191-8411-6
4852:978-1-4366-1518-1
4827:978-0-87328-181-2
4794:978-0-548-30943-8
4785:Salt Lake Tribune
4733:978-0-375-41208-0
4676:978-1-56085-176-9
4573:978-0-8061-3426-0
4482:Salt Lake Tribune
4462:Salt Lake Tribune
4455:Ravitz, Jessica,
4360:Salt Lake Tribune
4126:Salt Lake Tribune
3998:Huntington (1857)
3860:(July 30, 1875).
3638:(April 2, 1854).
3589:, pp. 36–37.
3254:978-0-7618-7074-6
3213:978-0-692-37120-6
3176:978-1-5345-6141-0
3136:978-1-55728-845-5
3096:978-0-8061-8396-1
2858:"Mountain Meadow"
2831:Liverpool Mercury
2610:"The Lee Trial",
2393:Cradlebaugh, John
2373:Cradlebaugh, John
2080:978-0-19-516034-5
2027:Walker, Ronald W.
1953:978-0-19-516034-5
1326:Richard E. Turley
1310:Richard E. Turley
793:Utah firing squad
612:Four of the nine
313:Old Spanish Trail
266:
265:
245:and other senior
7842:
7734:
7730:
7729:
7722:
7718:
7710:
7706:
7705:
7588:
7506:
7295:
7258:Presiding Bishop
7243:First Presidency
7218:
7199:Worship services
7182:Tabernacle Choir
7077:
6989:Native Americans
6952:Temple endowment
6947:Second anointing
6942:Marriage sealing
6895:God in Mormonism
6840:Degrees of glory
6797:
6733:
6701:Mormon Battalion
6654:Church of Christ
6626:
6616:
6607:
6600:
6593:
6584:
6583:
6529:Haymarket affair
6428:
6421:
6414:
6405:
6404:
6391:
6390:
6381:
6380:
6379:
6304:Marshall Islands
5924:
5917:
5910:
5901:
5900:
5892:
5821:
5720:
5692:
5685:
5678:
5669:
5668:
5649:
5548:Media depictions
5498:
5435:
5428:
5421:
5412:
5411:
5329:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5298:on June 11, 2011
5268:
5253:(July 8, 1855),
5245:
5218:Pratt, Parley P.
5200:
5175:
5148:
5128:
5124:Los Angeles Star
5112:
5099:Smith, George A.
5094:
5092:
5090:
5081:. Archived from
5040:
5014:
5012:
5010:
5005:on July 12, 2007
5004:
4998:. Archived from
4979:
4968:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4935:
4933:
4927:. Archived from
4909:10.2307/45227155
4892:
4880:scanned versions
4877:
4856:
4831:
4806:
4805:, LCC F826 .G532
4773:
4761:
4737:
4712:
4709:Los Angeles Star
4698:
4680:
4656:
4628:
4610:
4591:
4576:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4472:
4466:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4350:
4341:
4325:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4276:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4192:
4190:
4175:
4169:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4064:
4058:
4055:MacKinnon (2007)
4052:
4046:
4045:, endnote p. 50.
4043:MacKinnon (2007)
4040:
4034:
4031:
4025:
4019:
4013:
4010:MacKinnon (2007)
4007:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3894:
3888:
3881:Stenhouse (1873)
3878:
3872:
3871:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3842:. Archived from
3823:
3817:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3783:
3777:
3770:
3764:
3757:
3751:
3740:
3734:
3702:
3696:
3693:George Q. Cannon
3689:Heber C. Kimball
3685:
3679:
3672:George Q. Cannon
3664:Heber C. Kimball
3660:
3654:
3653:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3468:
3466:
3457:. Archived from
3442:
3436:
3435:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3370:Olson, Casey W.
3367:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3301:
3292:
3291:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3242:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3201:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3164:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3124:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3084:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3062:. Archived from
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3029:. Archived from
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2928:. March 28, 1877
2918:
2912:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2898:. March 24, 1877
2886:
2880:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2863:Winfield Courier
2854:
2848:
2847:
2841:
2839:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2790:
2784:
2781:Stenhouse (1873)
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2745:Christian (1857)
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2714:
2712:
2705:The Deseret News
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2621:
2615:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2574:
2568:
2554:
2548:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2515:
2509:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2431:
2430:
2408:
2388:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2339:
2328:
2327:
2312:
2300:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2207:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2165:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2103:
2102:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2064:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2023:
2017:
2016:, (1986), p. 257
2010:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1957:
1937:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1902:
1896:
1887:
1881:
1870:
1869:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1764:
1758:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1630:. Archived from
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1595:
1574:
1570:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1417:Christopher Cain
1322:Ronald W. Walker
1064:and his brother
1058:Nauvoo, Illinois
970:Ronald W. Walker
964:As described by
901:Los Angeles Star
807:article in 1877.
773:John Cradlebaugh
697:state's evidence
684:
660:
648:
633:
617:
585:
552:Latter Day Saint
537:Stake Presidents
475:California Trail
378:Mormon teachings
307:, was bound for
301:Native Americans
286:Mountain Meadows
232:Mormon teachings
128:
127:
125:
124:
123:
118:
114:
111:
110:
109:
106:
83:Mountain Meadows
66:
65:
59:
44:
32:
31:
7850:
7849:
7845:
7844:
7843:
7841:
7840:
7839:
7805:Mormon pioneers
7745:
7744:
7743:
7738:
7732:
7720:
7708:
7694:
7586:
7580:
7519:Book of Abraham
7504:
7498:
7492:Deseret Ranches
7338:Congregational
7327:
7313:Mormon corridor
7293:
7287:
7216:
7210:
7075:
7073:
7067:
7026:Law of chastity
6900:Heavenly Mother
6795:
6793:
6787:
6766:Book of Abraham
6731:
6725:
6634:1838 Mormon War
6624:
6618:
6614:
6611:
6581:
6576:
6565:
6564:
6437:
6432:
6402:
6397:
6377:
6375:
6367:
6334:
6313:
6287:
6246:
5979:
5933:
5928:
5898:
5893:
5884:
5812:
5721:
5710:
5696:
5666:
5661:
5644:
5624:
5573:
5552:
5505:
5499:
5490:
5481:Plural marriage
5476:Blood atonement
5461:Mormon pioneers
5444:
5439:
5362:
5345:article in the
5338:
5336:Further reading
5333:
5301:
5299:
5197:
5172:
5088:
5086:
5071:
5037:
5027:Signature Books
5008:
5006:
5002:
4990:(2): 225–256 .
4977:
4950:
4948:
4931:
4890:
4874:
4853:
4828:
4795:
4734:
4724:Alfred A. Knopf
4677:
4667:Signature Books
4653:
4633:Brooks, Juanita
4574:
4548:
4543:
4533:
4531:
4520:
4516:
4501:
4497:
4487:
4485:
4473:
4469:
4454:
4450:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4420:
4418:
4408:
4404:
4394:
4392:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4365:
4363:
4351:
4344:
4338:Wayback Machine
4326:
4322:
4312:
4310:
4299:
4295:
4285:
4283:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4263:
4261:
4254:"1990 MONUMENT"
4252:
4251:
4247:
4243:, Paragraph 13.
4239:
4235:
4227:
4223:
4218:
4214:
4206:
4202:
4188:
4186:
4176:
4172:
4166:Carleton (1902)
4164:
4160:
4150:
4148:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4117:
4113:
4094:
4090:
4080:
4078:
4065:
4061:
4053:
4049:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4028:
4020:
4016:
4008:
4004:
3996:
3992:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3970:. p. 133.
3958:
3954:
3933:
3929:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3907:. p. 130.
3895:
3891:
3879:
3875:
3855:
3851:
3824:
3820:
3812:, p. xxi;
3807:
3803:
3793:
3791:
3784:
3780:
3771:
3767:
3758:
3754:
3741:
3737:
3703:
3699:
3686:
3682:
3661:
3657:
3633:
3629:
3623:Erickson (1996)
3621:
3617:
3609:
3605:
3597:
3593:
3585:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3535:
3531:
3521:
3519:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3495:
3493:
3482:
3478:
3464:
3462:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3418:
3414:
3407:
3389:
3385:
3368:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3270:
3266:
3255:
3233:
3229:
3214:
3206:. p. 133.
3192:
3188:
3177:
3155:
3151:
3137:
3129:. p. 200.
3115:
3111:
3097:
3075:
3071:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3034:
3033:on July 8, 2008
3013:
3009:
2999:
2997:
2985:
2981:
2973:
2969:
2961:
2957:
2949:
2945:
2931:
2929:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2901:
2899:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2869:
2867:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2837:
2835:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2805:
2803:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2710:
2708:
2696:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2671:
2667:
2659:
2655:
2647:
2643:
2635:
2631:
2627:(1916), p. 305.
2622:
2618:
2609:
2605:
2597:
2593:
2583:
2581:
2566:
2558:McCusker, J. J.
2546:
2538:McCusker, J. J.
2534:
2530:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2503:
2499:
2491:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2467:
2463:
2455:
2451:
2443:
2434:
2409:
2389:
2370:
2366:
2356:
2354:
2340:
2331:
2313:
2301:
2294:
2286:
2282:
2268:
2266:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2208:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2181:
2177:
2163:
2161:
2149:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2113:
2106:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2055:
2051:
2024:
2020:
2011:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1975:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1928:
1924:
1916:
1905:
1897:
1890:
1884:Carleton (1902)
1882:
1873:
1849:
1845:
1831:
1829:
1820:
1816:
1808:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1769:, p. 544;
1767:Bancroft (1889)
1765:
1761:
1753:, p. 545;
1751:Bancroft (1889)
1749:
1745:
1737:
1733:
1717:, p. 313;
1709:
1705:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1611:
1609:
1608:. US Government
1596:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1571:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1427:Ardyth Kennelly
1387:
1330:Glen M. Leonard
1302:
1283:Henry B. Eyring
1237:
1231:
1184:
1178:
1170:George A. Smith
1162:Bleeding Kansas
1157:
1140:George A. Smith
1133:
1074:Parley P. Pratt
1054:David W. Patten
1047:1838 Mormon War
1024:
1018:
998:
974:Glen M. Leonard
962:
890:Harper's Weekly
881:
873:Main articles:
871:
866:
858:blood atonement
821:left the church
740:
734:
704:
703:
702:
701:
700:
685:
677:
676:
673:Isaac C. Haight
661:
653:
652:
649:
641:
640:
637:Isaac C. Haight
634:
625:
624:
618:
611:
606:
600:
595:
594:
593:
591:
586:
544:Isaac C. Haight
540:William H. Dame
529:
523:
490:George A. Smith
459:
453:
405:
399:
394:
351:William H. Dame
343:Isaac C. Haight
298:Southern Paiute
157:
144:Members of the
121:
119:
115:
112:
107:
104:
102:
100:
99:
74:
73:
72:
69:
68:
67:
47:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7848:
7838:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7780:Crimes in Utah
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7740:
7739:
7737:
7736:
7724:
7712:
7699:
7696:
7695:
7693:
7692:
7691:
7690:
7685:
7675:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7651:Mormon studies
7648:
7643:
7638:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7592:
7590:
7582:
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7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7557:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7524:Book of Mormon
7521:
7516:
7514:Anti-Mormonism
7510:
7508:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7496:
7495:
7494:
7484:
7483:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7457:
7455:Philanthropies
7452:
7451:
7450:
7440:
7439:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
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7413:
7408:
7398:
7397:
7396:
7394:Ensign College
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7366:
7365:
7364:
7359:
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7335:
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7305:
7299:
7297:
7289:
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7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7263:Relief Society
7260:
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7108:
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7097:
7092:
7087:
7081:
7079:
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7066:
7065:
7063:Word of Wisdom
7060:
7055:
7053:Temple garment
7050:
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7033:
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7013:
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6885:
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6856:
6855:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6850:Premortal life
6847:
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6827:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6801:
6799:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6784:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6753:
6748:
6746:Book of Mormon
6743:
6737:
6735:
6727:
6726:
6724:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6687:
6686:
6681:
6671:
6669:Historic sites
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6639:1890 Manifesto
6636:
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6289:
6288:
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6283:Virgin Islands
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
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6258:American Samoa
6254:
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6248:
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6245:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6192:South Carolina
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6157:North Carolina
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
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6104:
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6034:
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6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5987:
5985:
5984:Lists by state
5981:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5975:Property types
5972:
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5957:
5952:
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5862:
5857:
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5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5818:Salt Lake City
5810:
5805:
5800:
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5790:
5785:
5780:
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5755:
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5695:
5694:
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5680:
5672:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5655:September Dawn
5651:
5641:
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5430:
5423:
5415:
5409:
5408:
5402:
5386:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5361:
5360:External links
5358:
5357:
5356:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5312:Young, Brigham
5308:
5274:Young, Brigham
5270:
5251:Young, Brigham
5247:
5222:Smith, William
5206:Young, Brigham
5202:
5195:
5177:
5170:
5150:
5130:
5114:
5095:
5069:
5048:
5042:
5035:
5015:
4970:
4957:
4936:
4883:
4872:
4857:
4851:
4833:
4826:
4808:
4793:
4774:
4763:
4739:
4732:
4713:
4700:
4693:. Washington:
4681:
4675:
4658:
4652:978-0806123189
4651:
4629:
4612:
4592:
4578:
4572:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4514:
4495:
4467:
4448:
4445:. Provo, Utah.
4428:
4402:
4373:
4342:
4320:
4293:
4271:
4260:on May 9, 2008
4245:
4233:
4221:
4212:
4210:, p. 210.
4200:
4170:
4158:
4132:
4111:
4088:
4059:
4047:
4035:
4026:
4024:, p. 247.
4014:
4002:
3990:
3977:978-0874175011
3976:
3952:
3927:
3914:978-0874175011
3913:
3889:
3873:
3858:Young, Brigham
3849:
3818:
3801:
3778:
3765:
3752:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3714:
3697:
3680:
3676:Buerger (2002)
3655:
3627:
3615:
3603:
3591:
3579:
3567:
3556:. Vol. 19
3541:
3529:
3503:
3476:
3437:
3430:
3412:
3405:
3383:
3380:. p. 109.
3376:(PhD thesis).
3357:
3321:
3314:
3293:
3287:978-0199747566
3286:
3264:
3253:
3247:. p. 38.
3227:
3212:
3186:
3175:
3149:
3135:
3109:
3095:
3069:
3044:
3007:
2979:
2977:, p. 273.
2967:
2955:
2953:, p. 225.
2943:
2938:Newspapers.com
2913:
2908:Newspapers.com
2881:
2876:Newspapers.com
2849:
2844:Newspapers.com
2817:
2812:Newspapers.com
2785:
2773:
2761:
2749:
2737:
2725:
2690:
2678:
2665:
2663:, p. 378.
2653:
2641:
2629:
2616:
2603:
2601:, p. 242.
2591:
2575:1800–present:
2528:
2510:
2497:
2495:, p. 315.
2485:
2483:, p. 133.
2473:
2471:, p. 234.
2461:
2459:, p. 226.
2449:
2447:, p. 225.
2432:
2364:
2329:
2292:
2280:
2249:
2240:
2227:978-0806158952
2226:
2199:
2187:
2175:
2170:Newspapers.com
2143:
2141:, Paragraph 9.
2131:
2119:
2117:, p. 236.
2104:
2086:
2079:
2049:
2043:(1): 139–152.
2018:
2000:
1988:
1986:, Paragraph 8.
1973:
1952:
1922:
1918:Morrill (1876)
1903:
1901:, Paragraph 6.
1888:
1871:
1852:Young, Brigham
1843:
1814:
1799:
1797:, Paragraph 2.
1787:
1785:, Paragraph 3.
1775:
1759:
1743:
1731:
1703:
1669:
1657:
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1619:
1584:
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1579:
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1548:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1502:Anti-Mormonism
1499:
1492:
1491:
1477:
1463:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1434:The Star Rover
1430:
1423:Variation West
1420:
1412:September Dawn
1408:
1405:Judith Freeman
1398:
1395:Clyde Edgerton
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1378:Juanita Brooks
1369:
1356:
1348:
1339:
1333:
1313:
1301:
1298:
1233:Main article:
1230:
1227:
1180:Main article:
1177:
1174:
1153:Main article:
1132:
1129:
1070:killed in 1844
1051:Mormon apostle
1043:Governor Boggs
1041:was issued by
1020:Main article:
1017:
1014:
997:
994:
989:
988:
984:
981:
961:
958:
943:Juanita Brooks
870:
867:
865:
862:
736:Main article:
733:
730:
686:
679:
678:
662:
655:
654:
650:
643:
642:
635:
628:
627:
626:
610:
609:
608:
607:
602:Main article:
599:
596:
588:
587:
580:
579:
578:
525:Main article:
522:
519:
487:Mormon apostle
479:James Buchanan
463:Utah Territory
452:
449:
445:Salt Lake City
401:Main article:
398:
395:
393:
390:
320:Salt Lake City
282:Utah Territory
264:
263:
257:
253:
252:
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250:
239:
229:
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87:Utah Territory
80:
76:
75:
70:
61:
60:
54:
53:
52:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7847:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7815:Nauvoo Legion
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
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7602:
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7574:
7572:
7571:September Six
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7271:
7269:
7268:Sunday School
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7059:
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7042:
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7037:
7034:
7032:
7031:Homosexuality
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7021:Birth control
7019:
7018:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
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6974:Black Mormons
6972:
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6822:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6798:
6796:and practices
6790:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6761:Book of Moses
6759:
6758:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6734:
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6722:
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6714:
6712:
6709:
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6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
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6685:
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6680:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6649:Brigham Young
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6627:
6621:
6617:
6608:
6603:
6601:
6596:
6594:
6589:
6588:
6585:
6574:
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6515:
6512:
6509:
6506:
6503:
6500:
6497:
6494:
6491:
6488:
6485:
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6479:
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6455:
6452:
6448:
6445:
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6436:
6429:
6424:
6422:
6417:
6415:
6410:
6409:
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6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6249:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6232:West Virginia
6230:
6228:
6225:
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6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
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6137:New Hampshire
6135:
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6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
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6098:
6097:Massachusetts
6095:
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6088:
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6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
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5559:
5555:
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5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5502:
5497:
5487:
5486:Theodemocracy
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
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5364:
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5340:
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5327:
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5309:
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5275:
5271:
5266:
5265:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5230:Page, John E.
5227:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5198:
5192:
5188:
5187:
5182:
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5016:
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4993:
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4958:
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4906:
4902:
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4884:
4881:
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4804:
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4782:
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4775:
4771:
4770:
4764:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4746:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4659:
4654:
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4640:
4639:
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4626:
4622:
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4608:
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4579:
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4550:
4529:
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4518:
4510:
4506:
4499:
4484:
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4471:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4452:
4444:
4443:
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4432:
4417:
4413:
4406:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4349:
4347:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4324:
4308:
4304:
4297:
4281:
4275:
4259:
4255:
4249:
4242:
4241:Shirts (1994)
4237:
4230:
4229:Shirts (1994)
4225:
4216:
4209:
4208:Denton (2003)
4204:
4196:
4185:
4184:Union Vedette
4181:
4174:
4168:, p. 15.
4167:
4162:
4146:
4142:
4136:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4115:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4092:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4063:
4057:, p. 59.
4056:
4051:
4044:
4039:
4030:
4023:
4022:Bagley (2002)
4018:
4012:, p. 57.
4011:
4006:
3999:
3994:
3979:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3956:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3931:
3916:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3893:
3886:
3882:
3877:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3845:
3841:
3835:
3831:
3830:PBS Episode 4
3827:
3822:
3815:
3814:Bagley (2002)
3811:
3810:Brooks (1991)
3805:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3769:
3762:
3756:
3749:
3745:
3744:Andrew Jenson
3739:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3717:Young (1857b)
3715:
3712:
3711:Young (1856b)
3708:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3668:Beadle (1870)
3665:
3659:
3652:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3624:
3619:
3612:
3607:
3600:
3595:
3588:
3587:Brooks (1991)
3583:
3576:
3571:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3538:
3533:
3517:
3513:
3507:
3491:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3441:
3433:
3427:
3423:
3416:
3408:
3406:9780842504829
3402:
3398:
3394:
3387:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3325:
3317:
3311:
3307:
3300:
3298:
3289:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3268:
3260:
3256:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3240:
3231:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3199:
3190:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3168:
3163:
3162:
3153:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3122:
3113:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3082:
3073:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3048:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3011:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2975:Bagley (2002)
2971:
2964:
2959:
2952:
2947:
2939:
2927:
2923:
2922:"John D. Lee"
2917:
2909:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2877:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2845:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2813:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2782:
2777:
2770:
2765:
2758:
2753:
2746:
2741:
2734:
2729:
2722:
2718:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2682:
2675:
2669:
2662:
2657:
2650:
2645:
2638:
2633:
2626:
2620:
2613:
2607:
2600:
2599:Bagley (2002)
2595:
2580:
2572:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2532:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2507:
2501:
2494:
2493:Briggs (2006)
2489:
2482:
2481:Brooks (1991)
2477:
2470:
2469:Bagley (2002)
2465:
2458:
2457:Bagley (2002)
2453:
2446:
2445:Bagley (2002)
2441:
2439:
2437:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2297:
2289:
2288:Bagley (2002)
2284:
2276:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2244:
2233:September 13,
2229:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2206:
2204:
2196:
2195:Brooks (1991)
2191:
2184:
2183:Bagley (2002)
2179:
2171:
2164:September 13,
2160:
2159:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2139:Shirts (1994)
2135:
2128:
2127:Bagley (2002)
2123:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2082:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2053:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1984:Shirts (1994)
1980:
1978:
1969:
1963:
1955:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1926:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1900:
1899:Shirts (1994)
1895:
1893:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1840:
1827:
1826:
1818:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1796:
1795:Shirts (1994)
1791:
1784:
1783:Shirts (1994)
1779:
1773:, p. 12.
1772:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1740:
1735:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1689:: 7, 18, 19.
1688:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1654:
1653:Shirts (1994)
1649:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1478:
1475:
1464:
1461:
1450:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1193:
1192:Brigham Young
1188:
1183:
1176:Brigham Young
1173:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1096:Second Coming
1092:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1037:from, and an
1036:
1031:
1029:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
993:
985:
982:
979:
978:
977:
975:
971:
967:
957:
955:
950:
946:
944:
940:
939:
932:
930:
925:
923:
922:
917:
913:
912:
907:
903:
902:
892:
891:
885:
880:
876:
861:
859:
853:
850:
846:
842:
837:
834:
828:
826:
823:and moved to
822:
818:
814:
806:
801:
794:
789:
785:
783:
778:
774:
769:
767:
766:U.S. Congress
761:
759:
754:
750:
746:
739:
729:
725:
723:
719:
715:
713:
709:
698:
694:
690:
683:
674:
670:
666:
659:
647:
638:
632:
622:
615:
605:
590:
584:
577:
575:
571:
570:Nauvoo Legion
565:
562:
557:
553:
549:
548:Nauvoo Legion
545:
541:
538:
534:
528:
518:
515:
511:
502:
498:
496:
495:Jacob Hamblin
491:
488:
483:
480:
476:
472:
471:Brigham Young
468:
464:
458:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
404:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
339:Brigham Young
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
299:
295:
294:Nauvoo Legion
291:
287:
283:
279:
278:Baker–Fancher
275:
271:
261:
258:
254:
248:
244:
243:Brigham Young
240:
237:
233:
230:
227:
224:
223:
222:
218:
212:
209:
206:
202:
201:Nauvoo Legion
199:
198:
197:
193:
190:
187:
186:Baker–Fancher
183:
179:
176:
172:
169:
165:
162:
159:
153:
150:
147:
146:Baker–Fancher
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
58:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
7671:
7634:I'm a Mormon
7633:
7616:
7596:Bloggernacle
7443:FamilySearch
7332:Organization
7294:Demographics
7144:
7036:Masturbation
6969:Black people
6825:Adam and Eve
6732:Sacred texts
6674:Joseph Smith
6659:First Vision
6462:
6451:2,977 deaths
6197:South Dakota
6187:Rhode Island
6182:Pennsylvania
6162:North Dakota
5654:
5645:
5636:
5617:
5609:
5601:
5593:
5585:
5538:Remembrances
5518:War hysteria
5441:
5394:
5388:
5381:
5353:the original
5347:
5324:
5300:, retrieved
5296:the original
5286:
5263:
5240:. New York:
5234:Taylor, John
5226:Pratt, Orson
5185:
5161:
5135:
5127:. p. 2.
5122:
5108:Deseret News
5106:
5087:. Retrieved
5083:the original
5056:
5022:
5007:. Retrieved
5000:the original
4987:
4981:
4951:February 11,
4949:. Retrieved
4945:the original
4929:the original
4903:(1): 43–81.
4900:
4894:
4862:
4841:
4837:Lee, John D.
4816:
4779:
4768:
4749:
4743:
4722:. New York:
4718:
4708:
4689:
4662:
4637:
4625:the original
4620:
4598:Life in Utah
4597:
4586:
4558:
4554:Bagley, Will
4546:Bibliography
4532:. Retrieved
4528:The Spectrum
4527:
4517:
4508:
4498:
4486:. Retrieved
4480:
4470:
4460:
4451:
4442:Daily Herald
4440:
4431:
4419:. Retrieved
4415:
4405:
4393:. Retrieved
4385:
4376:
4364:. Retrieved
4358:
4329:
4323:
4311:. Retrieved
4306:
4296:
4284:. Retrieved
4274:
4262:. Retrieved
4258:the original
4248:
4236:
4224:
4215:
4203:
4193:– via
4187:. Retrieved
4183:
4173:
4161:
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4077:. LDS Church
4074:Deseret News
4072:
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3723:Young (1855)
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3570:
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3558:. Retrieved
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3059:Mormon Times
3057:
3047:
3035:. Retrieved
3031:the original
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2963:Gibbs (1910)
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1810:Smith (1875)
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1229:Remembrances
1223:Mark Hofmann
1215:
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1167:
1158:
1131:War hysteria
1125:
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1093:
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1078:plural wives
1062:Joseph Smith
1032:
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669:Indian Agent
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371:
367:firing squad
359:
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267:
226:War hysteria
195:Perpetrators
175:Bowie knives
29:
7666:Senkyoshigo
7549:Linguistics
7273:Young Women
7177:Tabernacles
7172:Pioneer Day
7076:and worship
6920:Interracial
6905:Ministering
6888:Transgender
6864:Fast Sunday
6318:Other areas
6278:Puerto Rico
6112:Mississippi
6027:Connecticut
5292:Orson Pratt
5214:Hyde, Orson
5162:Roughing It
5154:Twain, Mark
5089:December 3,
4752:(2): 1–34.
4313:February 4,
4307:Archaeology
3983:February 4,
3920:February 4,
3794:February 4,
3599:Linn (1902)
3465:February 4,
2711:February 4,
2555:1700–1799:
2535:1634–1699:
2357:February 4,
2348:Archaeology
2073:, 178–180.
2069:. pp.
2036:BYU Studies
1832:December 3,
1755:Linn (1902)
1723:Brooks 1991
1715:Briggs 2006
1711:Bagley 2002
1612:February 3,
1605:Smithsonian
1474:Utah portal
1439:Jack London
1437:, novel by
1425:, novel by
1403:, novel by
1366:Will Bagley
1066:Hyrum Smith
941:in 1950 by
911:Roughing It
782:Elias Smith
760:and cross.
712:John D. Lee
665:John D. Lee
433:wagon train
347:John D. Lee
324:Mormon Road
260:John D. Lee
205:Iron County
189:wagon train
156:Attack type
149:wagon train
120: /
108:113°38′37″W
95:Coordinates
7749:Categories
7529:Archeology
7487:AgReserves
7384:BYU-Hawaii
7362:Statistics
7217:Leadership
7006:Revelation
6959:Priesthood
6932:Ordinances
6845:Exaltation
6741:Holy Bible
6227:Washington
6147:New Mexico
6142:New Jersey
6017:California
5865:Washington
5699:Properties
5449:Precursors
5320:Watt, G.D.
5282:Watt, G.D.
5259:Watt, G.D.
5242:LDS Church
5070:0874804256
3431:1560850116
3315:0226017826
3276:. Oxford:
3027:LDS Church
2994:LDS Living
2951:Lee (1877)
2932:August 30,
2902:August 30,
2870:August 30,
2838:August 30,
2806:August 30,
2686:Lee (1877)
2661:Lee (1877)
2649:Lee (1877)
2637:Lee (1877)
2401:Valley Tan
2381:Valley Tan
2309:Valley Tan
2115:Lee (1877)
1942:. p.
1727:Valley Tan
1665:Lee (1877)
1550:References
1196:theocratic
1113:Cedar City
929:Confession
906:Mark Twain
621:Not shown:
533:Cedar City
455:See also:
355:white flag
309:California
249:leadership
105:37°28′32″N
7505:Criticism
7448:RootsTech
7379:BYU-Idaho
7323:Ex-Mormon
7278:Young Men
7226:President
7204:Sacrament
7016:Sexuality
6915:Celestial
6830:Evolution
6820:Cosmology
6573:this list
6237:Wisconsin
6202:Tennessee
6107:Minnesota
6082:Louisiana
5814:Salt Lake
5733:Box Elder
5709:by county
4925:254387152
4687:(1902) .
4635:(1991) .
4421:August 1,
4395:August 1,
4366:August 1,
3750:, p. 142.
3687:Diary of
3662:Diary of
3337:BYU Press
3037:March 26,
1962:cite book
1729:newspaper
1719:King 2012
1581:Citations
1401:Red Water
1393:novel by
1121:Lamanites
849:hung jury
561:telegraph
386:Mormonism
256:Convicted
207:district)
7820:Utah War
7709:Category
7672:Sunstone
7636:campaign
7617:Dialogue
7534:Genetics
7460:Finances
7347:District
7167:Pageants
7147:magazine
7112:Foodways
7095:Feminism
6925:Polygamy
6910:Marriage
6721:Utah War
6711:Pioneers
6449:(2001) (
6393:Category
6222:Virginia
6172:Oklahoma
6152:New York
6127:Nebraska
6117:Missouri
6102:Michigan
6092:Maryland
6077:Kentucky
6057:Illinois
6032:Delaware
6022:Colorado
6012:Arkansas
5825:San Juan
5768:Garfield
5758:Duchesne
5471:Utah War
5302:June 22,
5183:(1868).
5156:(1872).
5145:16024014
5079:30473917
5021:(1997).
4996:43040559
4917:45227155
4814:(1857).
4803:37010372
4758:23287437
4607:30005377
4584:(1889).
4556:(2002),
4534:July 16,
4334:Archived
4286:March 9,
4081:June 15,
3651:Sam';...
2560:(1992).
2540:(1997).
2029:(2003).
1695:41695038
1446:See also
1415:film by
745:Utah War
441:Missouri
437:Harrison
429:Arkansas
417:Crawford
305:Arkansas
274:Utah War
161:Massacre
79:Location
7733:Outline
7587:Related
7283:Primary
7187:Temples
7157:Mormons
7145:Liahona
7074:Culture
7058:Suicide
7041:Soaking
6999:Slavery
6815:Calling
6794:Beliefs
6625:History
6339:Related
6242:Wyoming
6217:Vermont
6122:Montana
6062:Indiana
6042:Georgia
6037:Florida
6007:Arizona
5997:Alabama
5860:Wasatch
5830:Sanpete
5793:Millard
5748:Daggett
5701:on the
5341:(1994)
5322:(ed.),
5284:(ed.),
5261:(ed.),
5009:July 9,
4817:Journal
4488:July 4,
4264:May 16,
4151:May 26,
3350:July 5,
3000:July 4,
1391:Redeye,
1147:Parowan
1143:Apostle
833:removed
693:private
574:Paiutes
425:Johnson
421:Carroll
392:History
167:Weapons
7554:Origin
6876:Gender
6177:Oregon
6132:Nevada
6072:Kansas
6047:Hawaii
6002:Alaska
5938:Topics
5850:Uintah
5845:Tooele
5840:Summit
5835:Sevier
5798:Morgan
5743:Carbon
5728:Beaver
5657:(2007)
5648:(2004)
5639:(2001)
5620:(2008)
5612:(2003)
5604:(2002)
5596:(1950)
5588:(1877)
5193:
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1380:(1950)
1368:(2002)
1332:(2008)
1089:martyr
1008:, and
987:death.
972:, and
841:Beaver
825:Nevada
817:bishop
751:Major
749:Brevet
689:Bishop
512:Major
510:Brevet
423:, and
413:Marion
334:, and
328:Mormon
247:Mormon
238:period
220:Motive
211:Paiute
181:Deaths
141:Target
89:, U.S.
7352:Stake
7162:Music
7127:Hymns
7100:Films
6679:death
6309:Palau
6207:Texas
6087:Maine
6052:Idaho
5880:Weber
5875:Wayne
5803:Piute
5773:Grand
5763:Emery
5753:Davis
5738:Cache
5629:Films
5578:Books
5318:, in
5280:, in
5257:, in
5003:(PDF)
4992:JSTOR
4978:(PDF)
4932:(PDF)
4921:S2CID
4913:JSTOR
4891:(PDF)
4754:JSTOR
2567:(PDF)
2547:(PDF)
1691:JSTOR
1685:(1).
1555:Notes
1376:, by
1364:, by
1320:, by
1308:, by
1068:were
777:Provo
758:cairn
663:Maj.
7357:Ward
7342:Area
7236:List
7192:List
7132:Book
7105:List
6964:Race
6263:Guam
6212:Utah
6167:Ohio
6067:Iowa
5855:Utah
5808:Rich
5788:Kane
5783:Juab
5778:Iron
5707:Utah
5304:2007
5191:ISBN
5166:ISBN
5141:LCCN
5091:2019
5075:OCLC
5065:ISBN
5031:ISBN
5011:2007
4953:2019
4868:ISBN
4847:ISBN
4822:ISBN
4799:LCCN
4789:ISBN
4728:ISBN
4671:ISBN
4647:ISBN
4603:LCCN
4568:ISBN
4536:2020
4490:2011
4423:2021
4397:2021
4368:2021
4315:2019
4288:2009
4266:2010
4191:2021
4153:2011
4083:2020
3985:2019
3972:ISBN
3922:2019
3909:ISBN
3836:and
3832:and
3796:2019
3562:2019
3524:2019
3498:2019
3467:2019
3426:ISBN
3401:ISBN
3352:2022
3341:OCLC
3310:ISBN
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3208:ISBN
3171:ISBN
3131:ISBN
3091:ISBN
3039:2020
3002:2022
2934:2021
2904:2021
2872:2021
2840:2021
2808:2021
2713:2019
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2359:2019
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2235:2021
2222:ISBN
2166:2021
2075:ISBN
1968:link
1948:ISBN
1834:2019
1640:2022
1614:2019
1105:oath
877:and
542:and
345:and
268:The
171:Guns
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