Isan - Knowledge

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highways with median strips. The paving on some very minor roads in the poorer districts may be navigable with difficulty due to large, deep potholes. Unpaved, graded roads link some of the smaller, more remote villages, but they are comfortably navigable at normal driving speeds for wheeled vehicles. Most of the stretches of paved roads through villages are lighted at night, many with powerful sodium lighting, some of which are on independently solar-powered masts. Reflective "cats-eyes" marking the central line of two-lane roads are a common feature. Crash barriers are installed along the sides of dangerous bends and precipitous verges. Signposting is excellent and follows international style. Since 2002 (with the exception of some poorer sub-districts), all signs are bilingual in Thai and Roman script.

722: 4034: 4053: 170: 714: 4017: 1380: 2703: 1403:, or just to use the computer and printers. Resident Western expatriates and foreign tourists are also frequent customers. For those outside the district towns who require a serious use of the Internet in their homes, the mobile phone or an iPstar broadband satellite connection is the only alternative, although more expensive than a DSL connection. It is far less reliable and suffers considerable downtime due to overloading, heavy cloud cover, and rain. Despite, in theory, being "always on", it often lacks adequate stability for streaming and clarity of VOIP. 1399:, leaving the majority of the rural population dependent on dial-up connections for those few who have landline telephones. This results in slow service that does not adequately meet modern needs. Most rural people rely on smartphones for data services. Internet shops with high-speed connections have for many years provided service to those who cannot afford or do not have access to high-speed Internet. They are heavily patronized by primary and secondary school children who come not only to use the Internet but also to play online games, use 5263: 3758: 3235: 3053: 2364: 3367: 3374: 516: 3714: 909: 2360:

insects, such as grasshoppers, crickets, silkworms, and dung beetles. Originally forced by poverty to be creative in finding foods, Isan people now savor these creatures as delicacies or snacks. Food is commonly eaten by hand using sticky rice pressed into a ball with the fingers of the right hand. Soups are a frequent element of any meal, and contain vegetables, herbs, noodles, chunks of fish, balls of ground pork, or a mixture of these. They are eaten using a spoon and chopsticks at the same time.

5903: 199: 3279: 3323: 5865: 2693: 3103: 1453: 206: 3418: 3890: 2864: 2839: 893: 3147: 2630: 3411: 1353: 3846: 3941: 3455: 3191: 3765: 3631: 1227:. This ordering has been unchanged for decades. Thailand's highly centralized fiscal system reinforces the status quo. An example of this Bangkok-centric policy is the allocation of budgets: Bangkok accounts for about 17 percent of the population and 25.8 percent of GDP, but benefits from about 72.2 percent of total expenditures. Isan accounts for about 34 percent of the population and 11.5 percent of GDP, but receives only 5.8 percent of expenditures. 3587: 5847: 1322:, or "iron/steel buffalo"), or more generally by its manufacturer's name of "Kobota", a mini-tractor composed of a small diesel engine mounted on two wheels with long wooden or metal handlebars for steering. It is usually attached to a trailer or a plow. Buffalo are now mainly used for grazing on the stubble in the rice paddy, which they in turn fertilize with their manure. The main animals raised for food are cattle, pigs, chickens, ducks, and fish. 243: 3242: 2492: 2425: 3594: 39: 3721: 3330: 181: 2660:

place in the bride's home and is normally officiated by one or several monks or a respected village elder who has been a monk. Young couples are increasingly registering their marriages at the city hall, which they can do if they are over 17. The extended family system is still very much the traditional social structure in Isan, with newlywed couples often living with in-laws or building a home on the family compound or farmland.

1039: 3499: 3506: 3286: 3543: 3550: 3154: 3110: 2387: 2379: 984: 3675: 3897: 3809: 3462: 3638: 1249: 1237:(compared to 8.5 percent for Thailand as a whole). Sticky rice, the staple food of the region, is the main agricultural crop (accounting for about 60 percent of cultivated land). It thrives in poorly drained paddy fields, and where fields can be flooded from nearby streams, rivers, and ponds. Often two harvests are possible each year. Farmers are increasingly diversifying into cash crops such as 2248: 3802: 3853: 3198: 2291: 1003:, which tilts gently from its northwestern corner, where it is about 213 m (700 feet) above sea level, to the southeast, where the elevation is only about 62 metres (200 feet). Except for a few hills in the northeastern corner, the region is primarily gently undulating land, most of it varying in elevation from 90–180 m (300–600 feet), tilting from the 1349:" health card has dramatically changed the numbers of those attending hospitals for treatment, as it has meant that full health care is available to all who register for only 30 baht per visit. The few who can afford it travel to the modern private hospitals and clinics in the large cities for non-urgent specialist consultations and care. 2684:, resulting from central Thais' perceived threat of Lao cultural dominance in the Isan region, has somewhat diluted Isan culture's distinctive character, particularly in the cities and in provinces, such as Khorat, that are closest to the central Thai heartlands and have been under Thai rule the longest. 2846:

Most roads in Isan are paved. All major roads interconnecting the provincial capitals are in excellent condition for driving, and most are centrally divided four or six-lane highways. Many roads connecting province capitals to larger district towns are also currently (2008) being widened to four-lane

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Most of the "tribal" Tai languages, so called because of their origins in mountainous areas of Laos or their adherence to animism, are closely related to Isan, and all but Tai Yam are generally mutually intelligible. Even in areas with a heavy linguistic minority presence, native Isan speakers of Lao

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The region lags in new technology: there was only one Internet connection per 75 households in 2002 (national average: one per 22 households) , but by 2006 every district town (amphoe) had at least one publicly accessible Internet connection, either in a local computer shop or in the district office.

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Isan women rarely have boyfriends until they meet the man they will marry, and tradition requires that the betrothal is then announced. Younger fiancées will be chaperoned, usually by a female friend, brother, or sister while in the company of their future husband. The wedding ceremony usually takes

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Marriage and courtship in Isan still mainly follows strict tradition, especially in rural areas, and most young women are married by the time they are 20 years old. Many girls, in spite of the legal requirement, marry as young as 14 to escape poverty, as marriage usually involves a dowry paid by the

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format, which now covers the entire region with the exception of a few sparsely populated mountainous areas and large national parks. Many people, even the poorest and frequently also children, have cellular telephones, although they have no fixed-line telephone. In this sense, Isan has led advanced

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as deity of the northeast. The name therefore reinforces the area's identity as northeast Thailand rather than as a part of the Lao kingdom recently created by the French colonial discourse, as "race was then an important ideological tool for French colonialists in the attempt to seize the 'Laotian'

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has two main lines in Isan, both connecting the region to Bangkok. One runs east from Khorat, through Surin to Ubon; the other runs north through Khon Kaen and Udon to Nong Khai. In early-2009, a rail link from Nong Khai came into operation. It crosses the Friendship road bridge into Laos territory

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gasoline/petrol and diesel fuel. LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) and NGV (natural gas for vehicles) were till recently very rare outside the cities of Nakhon Ratchasima, Khon Kaen, and Udon Thani. As of 2012, many new LPG and NGV stations have opened. Since 2009, bio-diesel fuel has become increasingly

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According to one report in 1895, it took about three weeks to travel overland by ox cart from Nong Khai to Khorat and another eight or nine days to travel from Khorat to Bangkok. Automobile transport made its first appearance in Isan sometime in the 1920s but did not expand rapidly until after the

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But it is not unusual for many women to remain single until much later. Tradition demands that the youngest or only daughter continue to live at home to take care of her parents. She is free to marry only when both parents are deceased. There is also the tradition that a woman should "marry up" in

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study (2014) found that marriages with foreigners by Thai northeastern women boosted the gross domestic product of the northeast by 8.67 billion baht (2014: €211 million or US$ 270 million). According to the study, after a northeastern woman married a foreigner, she will send 9,600 baht a month on

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Improved infrastructure and ease of travel restrictions between Thailand and Laos has allowed the continued movement of thousands of people every day, with people on either side crossing the river to visit relatives, shop, participate in religious festivals, conduct business or day-trip, with the

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Domestic air travel between the capital and the region is well developed, and has become a viable alternative to rail, long-distance bus, and self-driving. Fares are cheap by foreign standards, and Udon and Khon Kaen which both opened brand new airport terminals in 2005 and 2006 respectively, are

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The cultural separation from central Thailand, combined with the region's poverty and its people's typically dark skin, have led to considerable discrimination against the people of Isan by non-ethnic Thais of Chinese descent. Even though many Isan people now work in the cities rather than in the

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Water buffalo are a regular feature, even in the suburbs, being walked to and from the fields at dawn and dusk. Although rarely used nowadays for working the land, they are considered an important status symbol. The current value (2010) of one head of buffalo is about 20,000 baht (2010: US$ 620).

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previously too expensive or too perishable to transport. By 1928 a section of the northeastern rail line was extended to Ubon and by 1933 another section had reached Khon Kaen. It would not extend to Nong Khai until 1955. Trading patterns between the central region and Isan were forever altered.

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Isan's total population as of 2010 was 21,305,000. Forty percent of the population is concentrated in the provinces of Khorat, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, and Khon Kaen, known as "big four of Isan". These provinces surround the four major cities of the same names. As of 2010, their populations

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Until 1900, when the first rail line from Bangkok to Khorat was opened, the shipment of goods took at least eight or nine days to go between the two. Now goods could be transported in a day. The speed with which goods could reach Khorat from Bangkok permitted the introduction into Isan of items

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festivals on Friday or Saturday evenings in most villages. Usually, the rock-festival-sized stage is constructed either in a temple compound or on a sports field. Thousands of people sit on mats on the ground and watch the entertainment. The traditional music and song is accompanied by colorful

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and sourness favored in Isan for the more moderate central Thai palate. Conversely, central Thai food has become popular in Isan. The people of Isan, a mixture of Lao, Vietnamese, Khmer, Mon, Cham, and other Tai groups, famously eat a wide variety of creatures, such as lizards, frogs, and fried

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Many other secondary schools provide education only to grade 9, while some combined schools provide education from grade 1 through grade 9. Rural schools are generally less well equipped than the schools in the large towns and cities and the standard of instruction, particularly for the English

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83,148. As of 2010, 50 percent of the region's population lived in municipal areas. Kalasin was the most urbanized province (with almost 100 percent in municipal areas), and Roi Et the least (2.8 percent). Thus, the population is still largely rural, but concentrated around the urban centers.

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International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. (2011). Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention: First to third periodic reports of States parties due in 2008, Thailand. (GE.11-46262 (E) 141011 181011). New York NY: United

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In this region, rapids and variable flow make navigation difficult on the Mekong River, so large boat traffic is limited in connection with downriver areas. Bridges are rare because of the high cost of spanning the wide river; passenger and vehicle ferries link its two sides. The

187: 1190:, are being extracted for sale, especially in the Chinese furniture market. These trees are so valuable that poachers, coming across the border from Cambodia, are heavily armed, and both rangers and poachers have been killed over them. In national parks such as 1278:

Despite its dominance of the economy, agriculture in the region is problematic. The climate is prone to drought, while the flat terrain of the plateau often floods in the rainy season. The tendency to flood renders a large proportion of the land unsuitable for

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average to her family to help with its expenses. The activity also created 747,094 jobs, the study found. The 2010 census found that 90 percent of the slightly more than 27,000 foreigners living in the northeastern region were married to women from there.

1410:. Some of these people have settled permanently in the city, while some migrate to and fro. Others have emigrated in search of better wages. Rather than relocate as a family, they often leave their children in the care of relatives, friends, or neighbors. 3017:(Laos), was completed and officially opened for traffic on 20 December 2006. Some new bridges, not included on the 2005 maps, have been built over smaller rivers and dams. Passenger and vehicle ferries also operate across some large reservoirs. 904:

promoted Isan's ethnic integration into the modern conception of Thai nationality and de-emphasized the use of ethnic markers, for ethnic Laos and Khmers, as it was deemed uncivilized and to prevent ethnic discrimination among the Thai people.

2219: 2992:, provide the mainstay of urban transport. The large cities do have some pick-up trucks operating on regular inner-city and suburban routes. Airports are served by collective vans, which tend to be expensive for the local population, and 678:

ethnic origin, but Isan has been incorporated as a territory into the modern Thai state through over 100 years of administrative and bureaucratic reforms, educational policy, and government media. Despite this, since the election of

1129:. The rainy season begins with occasional short but heavy showers, eventually raining heavily for longer periods almost every day, usually in the late afternoon or at night, until it ends abruptly at the onset of the cool season. 2227:

Education is well-provided for by the government in terms of numbers of establishments and is supplemented in the larger cities by the private sector (mostly Catholic and international schools). Following the national pattern of

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range is from 30.2 °C (86.4 °F) to 19.6 °C (67.3 °F). The highest temperature recorded was 43.9 °C (111.0 °F) in Udon Thani, the lowest −1.4 °C (29.5 °F) at Sakhon Nakhon Agro Station.

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In 2001, there were 43 government vocational and polytechnic colleges throughout the region, several specialised training colleges in the private sector, and large colleges of agriculture and nursing in Udon Thani Province.

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taxi drivers, and discriminatory attitudes have been known to persist among the Thai-Chinese. Nevertheless, Isan food and music have both been enthusiastically adopted and adapted to the tastes of the rest of the country.

799:, the plateau seems to have been largely depopulated. There were few if any lines of demarcation, because until the 19th-century introduction of modern mapping, the region fell under what 20th-century scholars called the " 2921:

served by many daily flights and also have routes connecting other major destinations in Thailand with some companies operating wide-bodied aircraft. Most domestic flights to and from Bangkok operate to and from

3044:-Vangtao, although ferries cross the river in other areas. The familiarity of the language makes travel and business easy for Isan speakers, who are able to use their language freely in Laos and be understood. 3933: 2256:

language, is much lower. Many children of poorer families leave school after grade 6 (age 12) to work on the farms. A number move to areas of dense or tourist populations to work in the service industry.

2515:. It exists in a number of regional variants, plus modern forms. Since the late 1970s it has acquired greater exposure outside the region thanks to the presence of migrant workers in Bangkok. Many 5345: 2664:

status. If a woman is tied to an occupation in a rural area as a farm or business owner, teacher, or similar profession, finding a suitable husband who is prepared to relocate is often not easy.

2568:) dancers. The fantastic costumes are changed several times throughout the program, and the transitions are bridged by often-raunchy gags, slapstick comedy, and speeches by local dignitaries. A 4868:

Chandler, David P.; Roff, William R.; Smail, John R.W.; Steinberg, David Joel; Taylor, Robert H.; Woodside, Alexander; Wyatt, David K. (1987) . "13 Siam, 1767–1868". In David, Steinberg (ed.).

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Most of Thailand's rural poor live in Isan. The region's poverty is reflected in its infrastructure: eight of the ten provinces in Thailand with the fewest physicians per capita are in Isan.

517: 1919:, spoken by around 10,000 people, occupies a linguistic position somewhere between Lao and standard Thai, and is an archaic Central Thai dialect with heavy Khmer and some Lao influence. 2259:

Many primary schools operate their own websites and almost all schoolchildren in Isan, at least from junior high school age, are now (2008) largely computer literate in basic programs.

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to a terminus a few kilometres north of the land border crossing. It remains unclear whether this line will be extended the remaining 20 kilometres to Vientiane, the capital of Laos.

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has the fewest, with one physician per 14,661 persons in 2001, with the national average being 3,289. It also has eight of the ten provinces with the fewest hospital beds per head.

2648:, 191.5 births out of every 1,000 births in Isan were to adolescents aged 15–19. This is four times higher than the 2018 global average of 44 births per 1,000 according to the 2446:, and as assembly halls. They are mostly built in Lao-style, but with less ornamentation than the more elaborate central Thai temples or the Lao-style temples in central Laos. 2575:

Although there is no tradition of written secular literature in the Isan language, in the latter half of the 20th century the region produced several notable writers, such as

1954:, along the Cambodian border. Several small ethnic groups speak various other Austroasiatic languages, but most are fairly small and restricted to a few villages, or, like 2653: 2937:

Buses provide mass transport throughout the region. All provincial cities are connected to Bangkok by daily and nightly, direct, air-conditioned bus routes. All district

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International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the Convention : Thailand

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husband to the bride's family. A dowry will not normally be less than 40,000 baht, and according to the status of the bride and/or her family, can exceed 300,000 baht.

954:, which is very similar to the one that Thai adopted. Many people speak Isan, a variety of Lao, as their first language. A significant minority in the south also speak 2850:

The main highways have frequent, Western-style rest and refueling stations which accept payment by major credit/debit cards. In 2006, all fuel stations sell 91 and 95

1245:, which are cultivated on a vast scale, and to a lesser extent, rubber. Silk production is an important cottage industry and contributes significantly to the economy. 2819:("Friendship Highway") from Khorat to Nong Khai built by the United States in the 1960s at a cost of US$ 20 million to supply its northeastern military bases. A road 1306:. Nowadays, water buffalos are mainly kept by almost all rural families as status symbols. The main piece of agricultural equipment in use today is the "rot tai na" ( 2266:

Universities are found in the major cities of Khon Kaen (one of the country's largest), Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani, and the smaller provincial capital of

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needs a special mention as its festival-type production, which is very commonplace in Isan, has not been exported to other regions. When the locals speak of

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Isan has high biodiversity and many endemic species. Both wildlife and plant species are exploited illegally. Valuable hardwood tree species, in particular

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descent comprised anywhere from 60 to 74 per cent of the population, although minority language speakers are also bi- or trilingual in Isan, Thai or both.

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Isan is divided into 20 provinces, grouped into three statistical subregions. Nakhon Ratchasima Province is considered by some to be in central Thailand.

5733: 4706: 633:; "northeastern region") may be used. The majority population of the Isan region is ethnically Lao, but distinguish themselves not only from the Lao of 5712: 5004: 1170:

in Sakon Nakhon Province includes the eight meter (26 ft) long Tang Pee Parn natural stone bridge. Among Thailand's best-known national parks are

2406:, a versatile length of cloth which can be used as a belt, a money and document belt, headwear for protection from the sun, a hammock, or a swimsuit. 5043: 4641:[Statistics, population and house statistics for the year 2019]. Registration Office Department of the Interior, Ministry of the Interior. 5628: 696: 2878:

to several northeastern towns was inaugurated. By 1963 there were regular flights between Bangkok and Nakhon Phanom, Ubon, Khon Kaen, and Udon.

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Draper, John; Prasertsri, Paweena (2013), "The Isan Culture Maintenance and Revitalisation Programme's multilingual signage attitude survey",

2831:) jointly built by the Australian, Lao, and Thai governments forms the border crossing over the Mekong River on the outskirts of Nong Khai to 845:

from the more populous left (east) bank of the Mekong to the right bank in the 18th and 19th centuries. This became more severe following the

5835: 5813: 5124:(in English and Thai). United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. 28 July 2011. pp. 3, 5, 95. Archived from 5116: 4976: 2941:

towns operate at least one similar nightly route to and from Bangkok. All towns and villages are interconnected with frequent services of

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Pattern of Bung Fai Line Sribhumi which made by handle scissors cutting the line without the broken line, Suwannaphum, Roi Et Province

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nations where landline service is now being superseded by cellular technology. The region also has the nation's lowest literacy rate.

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was established early in the 20th century to further Siamese control, and to further assimilation of the population into the kingdom.

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Vail, P. T. (1998). MODERN "MUAI THAI" MYTHOLOGY. Crossroads: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 12(2), 75–95.

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The region was increasingly settled by both Lao and Thai emigrants. Thailand held sway from the 17th century, and carried out forced

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has the fewest, with one per 1,131 in 2001 (the national average was 453). Nevertheless, as in the rest of Thailand, all districts (

2464:, originating in pre-Buddhist times, is celebrated in a number of locations both in Isan and in Laos. Other Isan festivals are the 2442:) is the major feature of most villages. These temples are used for not only religious ceremonies but also festivals, particularly 1132:

The cool season runs from October to February and the hot season from February to May with the peak of high temperatures in April.

5378: 2885:(at the present time no scheduled services due to its proximity to Bangkok making air service difficult to justify financially), 1911:) is also spoken by almost everyone and is the language used in education but natively spoken by one-fourth the population of in 5598: 5069: 4636: 5793: 4926: 1887:. The number of Isan speakers has been estimated at between 15–23 million, with the majority living in Isan. Written with the 169: 5722: 5701: 5235: 4877: 4851: 3025: 3006: 1413:

Average wages in Isan were the lowest in the country in 2002 at 3,928 baht per month (the national average was 6,445 baht).

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Grandstaff, T. B., Grandstaff, S., Limpinuntana, V., & Suphanchaimat, N. "Rainfed revolution in northeast Thailand."

2355:(grilled chicken). These dishes have spread to other parts of Thailand, but normally in versions that temper the extreme 5798: 5150: 784:

was also considered to be in Isan, until the International Court of Justice in 1962 ruled that it belonged to Cambodia.

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telephones to remote areas not previously served has been largely superseded by the use of mobile phones, primarily of

1141: 721: 1194:, rangers have been trained since 2015 in military-style counter-poaching measures by the elite ranger squad Hasadin. 5828: 5684: 5451: 5193: 122: 5771: 5734:"The Thai women who marry Western men: lessons from one village in northeast Thailand in Love, Money and Obligation" 2732:. Larger cities have Christian churches. Many major district towns have a small Christian church or chapel, usually 1215:

In terms of regional value-added per capita, Isan is Thailand's poorest region. Bangkok is the richest, followed by

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Isan is home to one-third of Thailand's population of 67 million, but contributes only ten per cent to the national

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varies from 2,000 mm (79 in) in some areas to 1,270 mm (50 in) in the southwestern provinces of

2894: 2465: 2309: 233: 103: 5024: 5770:, and Krisadawan Hongladarom. "Contesting Isan‐ness: discourses of politics and identity in Northeast Thailand." 3080: 3032:

border crossings particularly important due to the construction of bridges. Other major border crossings include

2772:(r. 1868–1910), the Ministry of Interior maintained a schedule which specified that messages between Bangkok and 2557:("go see mor'ram"). They are referring to the most common form of evening entertainment in the region. There are 75: 4623:

Information, Forest statistics Year 2019, Thailand boundary from Department of Provincial Administration in 2013

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set a target to reduce the number of unintended teenage pregnancies countrywide to 25 births per 1,000 by 2026.

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is notable for its large daily exodus of bats at dusk, making a formation about 10 kilometers (6 mi) long.

4668: 3022: 2828: 1292: 1066:. Isan's other main river is the Chi, which flows through central Isan before turning south to meet the Mun in 217: 60: 5006:

Getting Back on Track; Reviving Growth and Securing Prosperity for All; Thailand Systematic Country Diagnostic

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influences found in Lao cuisine are absent in Isan. Popular Lao dishes that are also staples in Isan include

1895:), Isan belongs to the Chiang Saeng and Lao–Phutai language groups, which along with Thai are members of the 1070:. The smaller Loei and Songkhram rivers are also tributaries of the Mekong, the former flowing north through 870: 846: 2764:

Traditionally, messages between the government in Bangkok and Isan provincial outposts had been carried by "

198: 82: 6000: 5821: 874: 2955:, lit. "two rows") a covered truck-style bus or covered pick-up trucks with bench seats in the cargo bed. 2402:

most often have an embroidered border at the hem, while men's are in a checkered pattern. Men also wear a

1291:, and infertile from overuse. Since the 1970s, agriculture has been declining in importance as trade and 1106: 777: 229: 5417: 242: 4479: 4175: 4115: 4111: 3949: 2279: 1912: 1465: 1396: 1267:(which is dried, cured and shredded by the families before collection by cigarette manufacturers), and 1175: 1110: 1059: 684: 306: 221: 5521: 1433:, "The entire Northeast gained only 2.9 percent of country's tourism income of 2.7 trillion baht ." 787:

After the Khmer Empire began to decline in the 13th century, Isan was dominated by the Lao kingdom of

89: 5784: 4383: 4242: 4088: 4062: 4001: 3773: 2882: 2797: 2649: 1187: 1163: 1151: 1063: 800: 381: 5902: 5262: 4052: 3250: 2890: 581: 5864: 4613:[Table 2 Forest area Separate province year 2019]. Royal Forest Department (in Thai). 2019 920:

This policy extended to the use of the name "Isan" itself: the name is derived from the Pali word

713: 5125: 4263: 2477: 2473: 2414: 1927: 1521: 1191: 1159: 962: 366: 180: 71: 49: 4016: 616:. The total forest area is 25,203 km (9,731 sq mi) or 15 percent of Isan's area. 5466:

Keyes, Charles F. (1966). "Ethnic Identity and Loyalty of Villagers in Northeastern Thailand".

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are now the main ethnolinguistic group involved in the pro-Thaksin "Red Shirt movement" of the

371: 321: 301: 225: 2238:) capitals, with secondary (high) schools to grade 12 (approximately age 18) in the district ( 2191:

Mostly Teochew, also Hokkien and Hailam, spoken by oldest members of the Sino-Isan community.

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Since the beginning of the 20th century, northeastern Thailand has been generally known as

605: 2702: 537: 8: 5851: 4581: 4572: 4516: 4373: 4278: 4198: 4157: 4105: 3514: 3294: 2619: 2015: 1955: 1330: 1126: 1075: 842: 781: 608:. Isan covers 167,718 km (64,756 sq mi), making it about half the size of 565: 532: 376: 296: 154: 2282:, formerly known as Rajabhat Institutes, which originated as teacher training colleges. 5382: 4799: 4757: 4585: 4577: 4520: 4510: 4469: 4427: 4423: 4369: 4326: 4269: 4236: 4231: 4193: 3558: 3162: 3118: 2340: 2328: 1880: 1256: 1122: 1087: 1032: 796: 680: 589: 361: 311: 291: 2315:

Isan food has elements most in common with Laos and is somewhat distinct from central

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fields, many hold lower-status jobs such as construction workers, stall vendors, and

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Library, Tung Sri Muang Temple, Ubon Ratchathani, illustrates the typical Isan style

2417:

popularized Thai silk among Westerners. One of the best-known types of Isan silk is

5937: 5932: 5927: 5887: 5506: 4783: 4741: 4489: 4449: 4417: 4407: 4363: 4338: 4300: 4215: 4184: 4039: 3997: 3905: 3817: 3778: 3470: 3052: 2777: 2599: 2584: 2576: 2363: 1951: 1943: 1497: 1489: 1477: 1326: 1216: 1114: 1067: 882: 862: 738: 601: 459: 346: 316: 286: 5279:

Wajuppa Tossa (translator). (pp. 27–34). Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press.

5277:

Phya Khankhaak, the Toad King: A Translation of an Isan Fertility Myth in Verse .

96: 5788: 5714:

Love, Money and Obligation: Transnational Marriage in a Northeastern Thai Village

5181: 4787: 4506: 4475: 4465: 4395: 4342: 4322: 4310: 4273: 4227: 4166: 4043: 3866: 3713: 3646: 3373: 3366: 3255: 2910: 2815: 2572:

festival is a family affair and the area is surrounded by food and drink stalls.

2457: 2399: 2368: 2141: 2080: 1765: 1203: 1028: 861:

suzerainty, and lost a war that lasted two years. Khorat was then repopulated by

816: 734: 725:

19th century map showing Isan region situated between Thailand, Laos and Cambodia

708: 331: 5215: 908: 811:

valley—and indeed anywhere in the interior of the Khorat Plateau—was founded at

5767: 4485: 4359: 4350: 4306: 4258: 4248: 4180: 4127: 4101: 4084: 4005: 3861: 3822: 2960: 2906: 2733: 2603: 2461: 2356: 2324: 2199: 1947: 1939: 1892: 1493: 1346: 1000: 978: 965:

concentrated around the core of what was once called "Chenla" and known as the

951: 569: 356: 3278: 5995: 5989: 5971: 5958: 5759: 5250: 5217: 5188:(eBook by BooksMango ed.). Bangkok: White Lotus Co, Ltd. pp. 7–12. 5158: 4925:

Keyes, Charles F (March 1967). "Isan: Regionalism in Northeastern Thailand".

4887: 4795: 4753: 4684: 4453: 4439: 4433: 4379: 4021: 3993: 3734: 3607: 3387: 3322: 3206: 3102: 3094: 2965: 2948: 2781: 2769: 2692: 2673: 2485: 2294: 2267: 2167: 2097: 2067: 1904: 1896: 1888: 1872: 1850: 1631: 1509: 1406:

Many Isan people seek higher-paying work outside the region, particularly in

1315: 1307: 1299: 1071: 947: 510: 498: 494: 474: 341: 5326: 4872:(Revised ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 113–117. 3417: 1452: 4958: 4556: 3889: 3343: 2958:

Taxi transport is not well developed, even in the very large cities, where

2926: 2914: 2875: 2765: 2696: 2681: 2615: 2536: 2323:

that accompanies almost every meal rather than non-sticky long-grain rice.

2316: 2183: 2154: 2120: 2054: 2028: 2001: 1935: 1876: 1866: 1654: 1513: 1485: 1102: 1008: 901: 866: 836: 765: 523: 4745: 3146: 2838: 2629: 1233:

is the largest sector of the economy, generating around 22 percent of the

892: 5571: 5094: 4552: 4389: 4211: 4058: 3940: 3845: 3410: 3014: 2580: 2320: 1916: 1908: 1618: 1583: 1570: 1557: 1529: 1442: 1352: 1259:, which stretches along the Mekong River, is noted for the production of 1230: 1094: 754: 643: 638: 430: 5482:"Isan: The planning context for language maintenance and revitalization" 4954:"Thailand's forest rangers step up training in violent 'blood wood' war" 4404:, born in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung 3764: 3454: 3190: 1054:. The Mekong's main Thai tributary is the Mun River, which rises in the 900:

In the mid-20th century, the state-supported assimilation policy called

5404: 5255: 4392:, born in Ubon Ratchathani Province, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung 4291: 4162: 4094: 3981: 3630: 3586: 3519: 3299: 3241: 2740: 2611: 2607: 2506: 2301: 1789: 1731: 1707: 1644: 1517: 1469: 1345:) have clinics providing primary health care. The introduction of the " 1155: 1024: 750: 746: 730: 675: 5794:

Annual population data for Thailand to 1997 (Chulalongkorn University)

2863: 2491: 2424: 5327:"(2) โรงเรียนบ้านโนนดินจี่ [ชัยภูมิ เขต 2] - Thai-school.net" 4568: 4462:, born in Kalasin Province, singing styles: Rock, Phleng phuea chiwit 4354: 3593: 3563: 3167: 3123: 3041: 3033: 2943: 2922: 2868: 2832: 2813:

There are 15,000 km (9,300 mi) of highway, centered on the

2773: 2755:

The railway network, one of the major transportation systems of Isan.

2623: 2591: 2521: 2453:

The people of Isan celebrate many traditional festivals, such as the

2275: 2232:, there are primary (elementary) schools in all larger villages and ( 1473: 1384: 1357: 1260: 1238: 1050:

to the north and east of Isan, while the south of the region borders

1020: 1016: 854: 808: 761: 450: 256: 5044:"ISAAN LOVE TRIANGLE: THAI MEN FOUND LACKING BY FARANG-LOVING WOMEN" 3720: 3329: 2751: 2136:

Mukdahan, Nakhon Phanom, Ubon Ratchathani, Kalasin and Sakon Nakhon

542:; also written as Isaan, Isarn, Issarn, Issan, Esan, or Esarn; from 38: 5854: 5846: 4542: 4538: 4530: 4254: 3690: 3431: 3010: 2595: 2433: 2372: 2351: 2270:. Some Bangkok-based universities have small campuses in Isan, and 1664: 1525: 1505: 1368: 1051: 992: 850: 788: 742: 585: 561: 553: 468: 3801: 3505: 3498: 3285: 2553:

with stress on the second syllable), one will often hear them say

2123:, understood throughout Isan and common second or third language. 1961:

Other languages spoken in Isan, mainly by tribal minorities, are:

950:

and language in regional schools, the people of Isan wrote in the

4509:, the first Thai Olympic gold medalist in amateur boxer, born in 4398:, born in Udon Thani Province, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung 4346: 4143: 4135: 4131: 3910: 3549: 3542: 3475: 3153: 3109: 2989: 2729: 2531: 2511: 2443: 2421:, which is tie-dyed to produce geometric patterns on the thread. 2128: 1407: 1303: 1280: 1264: 1242: 1038: 913: 820: 795:. Due to a scarcity of information from the periods known as the 792: 609: 425: 5693:

Population, land and structural change in Sri Lanka and Thailand

5546: 4902:

Creating Laos: Making of A Laos Space Between Indochina and Siam

4843:

Population, land and structural change in Sri Lanka and Thailand

3674: 2386: 2378: 1879:

among themselves and in non-official settings, but dialect from

1023:

rivers, while the northern Sakon Nakhon plain is drained by the

983: 737:

in the form of cliff paintings, artifacts and early evidence of

543: 5418:"As teen pregnancies soar, Isaan youth calls for better sex-ed" 4546: 4534: 4420:, born in Yasothon Province, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung 3896: 3808: 3651: 3461: 3037: 2938: 2851: 2820: 2645: 2564: 2562:

choreography, executed by a group of up to 50 female (and some

2395: 2240: 2234: 1341: 1335: 1268: 969:("ancient Khmer"), are a link to the region's pre-Tai history. 927: 886: 878: 804: 667:

being stigma associated with the Lao identity in Thai society.

577: 573: 455: 4818:

Finding Their Voice: Northeastern Villagers and the Thai State

3637: 2413:. The trade received a major boost in the postwar years, when 1314:, lit. "vehicle plow field"), colloquially called "kwai lek" ( 717:

Black ceramic jar, Ban Chiang culture, Thailand, 1200-800 BCE.

5347:

Asian Bites: A feast of flavors from Turkey to India to Japan

5186:

Tai Groups of Thailand, Vol 2: Profile of the Existing Groups

4493: 4436:, born in Roi Et Province, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung 3852: 2708: 2469: 2247: 1391:

By the beginning of 2008, most amphoe had been provided with

1248: 1012: 939: 3197: 1938:, both of which are found in Isan's southernmost provinces. 1035:. The soil is mostly sandy, with substantial salt deposits. 4608: 3211: 2835:, the capital of Laos, about 25 km (16 mi) away. 2410: 2345: 2305: 1457: 1400: 1392: 1288: 1284: 1047: 988: 772:(sanctuaries) throughout Isan. The most significant are at 634: 20: 5779: 4867: 2644:

Despite the influence of tradition, in 2013, according to

1271:, which are grown on an industrial scale, particularly in 699:. Several Thai prime ministers have come from the region. 5216:เรืองเดช ปันเขื่อนขัติย์ (Ruengdet Pankhuenkhat) (2009). 5095:"Thailand: Northeast(Isan)-Britanica Online Encyclopedia" 4934:. Ithaca: Department of Asian Studies, Cornell University 2988:), three-wheeled motorcycle taxis similar to the Bangkok 2438: 2308:. This affinity is shown in the region's cuisine, dress, 1372: 1252:

Phu Kra Dung is a well-known tourist destination in Isan.

1209: 1046:

The Mekong forms most of the border between Thailand and

995:

can be seen due to the greater deforestation within Isan.

4962:, London, 5 January 2016. Retrieved on 11 February 2017. 4928:

Cornell Thailand Project; Interim Reports Series, No. 10

2290: 655:, and academics have recently been referring to them as 5809:

Toward a Knowledge-Based Economy: Northeastern Thailand

1150:. Province Khon Kaen has four national parks, of which 865:

of Mekong Valley Lao, with a heavy influx of voluntary

2149:

Sakhon Nakhon, Nongkhai, Nakhon Phanom, Maha Sarakham

1537:

Ethnic groups of Northeast Thailand by language family

1101:

Rainfall is unpredictable, but is concentrated in the

560:"northeast") consists of 20 provinces in northeastern 5572:"ประวัติรัชนก อินทนนท์ ข้อมูลล่าสุดของรัชนก อินทนนท์" 4776:

Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development

2476:

in Khon Kaen, which promotes local handicrafts; the

2382:

Bung Fai Line Sribhumi, Suwannaphum, Roi Et Province

2319:. The most obvious difference is the consumption of 1488:

minority, concentrated in the southern provinces of

5219:ภาษาและวรรณกรรมท้องถิ่นล้านนา: ฉบับสำนวนภาษากำเมือง 4977:"Thailand takes a long-term gamble on Isaan region" 4671:

Gross Regional and Provincial Product, 2019 Edition

2274:maintains a large installation on the outskirts of 1996:Buriram, Sisaket, Surin, Roi Et, Nakhon Ratchasima 651:in general. But some refer to themselves as simply 63:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5416:Yang, Angela; Escobar, Joselle (12 January 2020). 5224:Northern Thai dialect and folk literature of Lanna 4734:International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2304:, and has much in common with that of neighboring 663:, with the main issue with self-identification as 5226:] (in Thai). Bangkok: Faculty of Humanities, 2654:Ministry of Social Development and Human Security 760:The region later came under the influence of the 5987: 5507:http://202.60.196.117/election2005/northeast.php 5041: 5012:. Washington: World Bank Group. 7 November 2016. 4773: 2618:. Isan's most famous sportsman is tennis player 2119:First-language speakers in cities, mostly among 1930:, with one and one-half million speakers of the 926:, meaning "northeast", in turn from the name of 4970: 4968: 4610:ตารางที่ 2 พี้นที่ป่าไม้ แยกรายจังหวัด พ.ศ.2562 4571:between 2009 and 2011, and currently plays for 4134:, but he is half-blooded from the provinces of 4011: 1520:("Soui"), who live in the south of Isan, speak 697:United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship 5109: 4999: 4997: 4638:รายงานสถิติจำนวนประชากรและบ้านประจำปี พ.ส.2562 4446:, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung, Thai pop 2590:Isan is known for producing a large number of 1015:: the southern Khorat plain is drained by the 5829: 5042:Thaitrakulpanich, Asaree (30 November 2017). 4920: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4910: 2728:, although this is combined with elements of 946:Before the central government introduced the 5799:Population statistics from citypopulation.de 5179: 4965: 4580:, football coach and former player, born in 4533:, She is half-blooded from the provinces of 3996:party took 126 of these seats, with six for 3009:, spanning the Mekong between the cities of 2768:" or by fast boat. During the reign of King 2409:Isan is a center for the production of Thai 2023:Spoken by small groups in most major cities 1524:and follow customs more similar to those of 1031:rivers. The two plains are separated by the 5763:Vol. 46, No. 3, December 2008, 289–376. PDF 5627:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 5473: 5415: 4994: 4721: 4645:(in Thai). 31 December 2019. Archived from 3047: 2973: 1528:than to those of the Thai and Lao, who are 873:, the resulting treaty with France and the 5836: 5822: 5804:Estimates to 2004, from world-gazeteer.com 5516: 5514: 4907: 4727: 4704: 3977:Note: Populations as of 31 December 2019. 3056:Upper, middle, and lower provinces of Isan 1339:) have a hospital, and all sub-districts ( 987:Satellite image of Isan: the borders with 921: 628: 4767: 4661: 2472:in July in Ubon and other locations; the 123:Learn how and when to remove this message 5460: 4809: 4015: 3051: 2862: 2837: 2784:, 17 days outbound and 13 days inbound. 2750: 2701: 2691: 2628: 2490: 2423: 2385: 2377: 2362: 2289: 2246: 2218: 1451: 1378: 1351: 1247: 1037: 982: 907: 896:Isan under the French zone of influence. 891: 881:region between Thailand and the Laos of 819:) by an official in the service of King 720: 712: 399:167,718 km (64,756 sq mi) 5710: 5644:"รัชนก อินทนนท์: ลูกขนไก่อีสานพลัดถิ่น" 5642:Record, The Isaan (24 September 2017). 5511: 5441: 5070:"Nakhon Phanom eyed as new tourism hub" 5067: 4974: 4833: 2736:, and there are others in rural areas. 2278:. Most provinces have a government-run 2108:Nakhon Ratchasima, Buriram, Chaiyaphum 5988: 5731: 5641: 5479: 803:". Accordingly, in 1718 the first Lao 623:, while in official contexts the term 5817: 5486:Second Language Learning and Teaching 4924: 4815: 4631: 4629: 4603: 4601: 2394:The traditional dress of Isan is the 1934:and one-half million speakers of the 1816:Cannot identify ethnicity and amount 1062:and runs east, joining the Mekong in 1042:Cities, mountains, and rivers of Isan 999:Isan is roughly coterminous with the 509: 5689: 5405:http://www.jstor.org/stable/40860679 5343: 5324: 5282: 5269: 4839: 4430:, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung 4414:, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung 4386:, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung 4376:, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung 4366:, singing styles: Mor lam, Luk thung 2525:music, and have produced the hybrid 2251:Library, Ubon Ratchathani University 1958:, spoken by small groups in cities. 1105:from May to October. Average annual 61:adding citations to reliable sources 32: 5302:. School.obec.go.th. Archived from 5300:"Ban Sadaeo Primary School website" 4251:, born in Ubon Ratchathani Province 4097:, born in Ubon Ratchathani Province 3040:and the only non-Mekong checkpoint 2913:(domestic, scheduled services) and 2867:Thai Airways Airbus A300 departing 2780:, 12 days, and between Bangkok and 1584:Thai Khorat / Tai Beung / Tai Deung 943:and 'Cambodian' portions of Siam." 596:. To the west it is separated from 13: 5669: 4975:Janssen, Peter (2 November 2016). 4730:"Endangered languages of Thailand" 4626: 4598: 2776:took 12 days, between Bangkok and 2529:form. Another form of folk music, 1965:Minority languages spoken in Isan 1891:(instead of the historically used 1283:. In addition, the soil is highly 1174:in Nakhon Ratchasima Province and 1142:List of national parks of Thailand 14: 6012: 5752: 5442:Reyland, William (9 March 2017). 3980:Isan returns 136 of the national 3007:Second Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge 2759: 2746: 2223:Sakhon Nakhon Rajabhat University 1926:Isan is home to many speakers of 1135: 5901: 5863: 5845: 5596: 5261: 5022: 4051: 4032: 3939: 3932: 3895: 3888: 3851: 3844: 3807: 3800: 3763: 3756: 3719: 3712: 3673: 3636: 3629: 3592: 3585: 3548: 3541: 3504: 3497: 3460: 3453: 3416: 3409: 3372: 3365: 3328: 3321: 3284: 3277: 3240: 3233: 3196: 3189: 3152: 3145: 3108: 3101: 2917:(domestic, scheduled services). 2909:(domestic, scheduled services), 2905:(domestic, scheduled services), 2901:(domestic, scheduled services), 2842:Third Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge 2716:or 'the northeastern direction'. 2594:boxers. Many of the boxers from 2300:Isan's culture is predominantly 791:, which had been established by 691:identity has reemerged, and the 241: 216:From upper-left to lower-right: 204: 197: 186: 179: 168: 37: 5635: 5590: 5564: 5539: 5500: 5435: 5409: 5397: 5371: 5337: 5318: 5292: 5244: 5209: 5173: 5143: 5087: 5068:Sritama, Suchat (5 June 2018). 5061: 5035: 5016: 4946: 4894: 4472:, singing style: Songs for Life 2739:The world-famous Buddhist monk 2519:singers also sing central Thai 1766:Nyah Kur / Chao Bon / Khon Dong 1695:Thailand Khmer / Northern Khmer 1436: 1181: 1166:, both in Chaiyaphum Province. 830: 753:may predate similar tools from 729:Isan has a number of important 247:Northeastern Region in Thailand 48:needs additional citations for 16:Region of northeastern Thailand 5180:Schliesinger, Joachim (2001). 4861: 4698: 4545:and her mother is a native of 2712:who is revered as guardian of 2652:(WHO). In September 2019, the 1011:. The plateau consists of two 1: 5732:Rhoden, T. F. (1 July 2019). 5381:. Youtube.com. Archived from 5379:"Modern Isaan burlesque song" 4592: 4541:. Her father is a native of 4303:, born in Udon Thani Province 2062:Sakhon Nakhon, Amnat Charoen 2049:Nakhon Ratchasima, Chayaphum 1859:Thai language § Dialects 1456:Phi Ta Khon mask festival in 1447: 1429:According to the governor of 871:Franco-Siamese crisis of 1893 869:migrants. In the wake of the 768:. The latter built dozens of 749:tools such as those found at 564:. Isan is Thailand's largest 4788:10.1080/01434632.2013.814659 4728:Premsrirat, Suwilai (2007), 4529:, badminton player, born in 4281:, born in Khon Kaen Province 4266:, born in Khon Kaen Province 4245:, born in Khon Kaen Province 4239:, born in Khon Kaen Province 4142:. His father is a native of 4012:Notable natives or residents 2999: 2214: 1844: 1074:and the latter east through 972: 875:Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 584:) to the north and east, by 7: 5871:Four-region division system 5711:Lapanun, Patcharin (2019). 5679:. Alpha Research Co. 2005. 4870:In search of Southeast Asia 4555:, football player, born in 4317:Martial arts choreographers 4146:and his mother is a native 2724:, the population is mostly 2687: 2468:, which marks the start of 1516:-speaking minority and the 1298:Very few farmers still use 853:, the last of the kings of 778:Phanom Rung Historical Park 538: 230:Phanom Rung Historical Park 10: 6017: 5923:Northeastern Region (Isan) 5911:Six-region division system 5883:Northeastern Region (Isan) 5677:Pocket Thailand in Figures 5522:"จอมพลสฤษดิ์ ธนะรัชต์ (1)" 4559:Province, who played with 4480:Nakhon Ratchasima Province 4176:Nakhon Ratchasima Province 4116:Nakhon Ratchasima Province 2285: 1913:Nakhon Ratchasima Province 1848: 1440: 1424: 1201: 1197: 1176:Phu Kradueng National Park 1139: 1060:Nakhon Ratchasima Province 976: 834: 706: 702: 685:2001 Thai general election 674:people are aware of their 307:Nakhon Ratchasima province 218:Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge 25: 18: 5910: 5899: 5870: 5861: 5650:(in Thai). Archived from 5599:"Ratchanok 'May' Intanon" 4519:, tennis player, born in 4384:Ubon Ratchathani Province 4243:Nichaphat Chatchaipholrat 4201:, born in Roi Et Province 4122:Politicians and activists 4089:Ubon Ratchathani Province 4063:Ubon Ratchathani Province 4020:Royal Grandmother Statue 2969: 2952: 2798:State Railway of Thailand 2650:World Health Organization 2579:(who writes in Thai) and 2198: 2182: 2166: 2153: 2140: 2127: 2096: 2092: 2079: 2066: 2053: 2040: 2027: 2014: 2000: 1986: 1983: 1972: 1722: 1635: 1319: 1311: 1164:Pa Hin Ngam National Park 1152:Phu Pha Man National Park 1064:Ubon Ratchathani Province 935: 847:Lao rebellion (1826–1828) 764:culture, followed by the 683:as prime minister in the 629: 625:phak tawan-ok-chiang-nuea 588:to the southeast and the 527: 502: 466: 449: 441: 436: 424: 416: 408: 403: 395: 390: 382:Ubon Ratchathani province 272: 262: 252: 240: 161: 152: 142: 5738:South China Morning Post 5717:. Singapore: NUS Press. 5218: 5182:"Chapter 2: Khorat Thai" 4637: 4609: 4071:Famous singers from Isan 3048:Administrative divisions 1007:in the west down to the 612:and roughly the size of 19:Not to be confused with 5761:Southeast Asian Studies 5275:Phra Ariyuwat. (1996). 5023:PCL., Post Publishing. 4816:Keyes, Charles (2013), 4264:Peechaya Wattanamontree 2874:In 1960 air service by 2804: 2787: 2622:, whose family is from 2539:minority in the south. 2448:Lao-style Buddha images 2312:, festivals, and arts. 2009:Surin, Sisaket, Buriram 1928:Austroasiatic languages 1901:Kra–Dai language family 1522:Austroasiatic languages 1484:There is a substantial 1160:Sai Thong National Park 445:US$ 51.5 billion (2019) 420:130/km (340/sq mi) 367:Nongbua Lamphu province 5787:5 October 2011 at the 4444:Amnat Charoen Province 4025: 3057: 2932: 2881:There are airports at 2871: 2858: 2843: 2756: 2717: 2699: 2637: 2535:, is popular with the 2502: 2429: 2391: 2383: 2375: 2335:, or in central Thai, 2297: 2252: 2224: 1932:Northern Khmer dialect 1855:Northern Khmer dialect 1460: 1431:Nakhon Phanom Province 1388: 1360: 1295:have been increasing. 1273:Si Chiang Mai District 1253: 1235:gross regional product 1172:Khao Yai National Park 1168:Phu Phan National Park 1056:Khao Yai National Park 1043: 996: 938:), a manifestation of 922: 917: 897: 774:Phimai Historical Park 726: 718: 641:by calling themselves 372:Amnat Charoen province 322:Maha Sarakham province 302:Nakhon Phanom province 5480:Draper, John (2004). 4746:10.1515/ijsl.2007.043 4482:, singing style: Rock 4456:, singing style: Rock 4019: 4000:and two each for the 3055: 3030:Nakhon Phanom-Thakhèk 2866: 2841: 2754: 2705: 2695: 2632: 2496:80th Birthday Stadium 2494: 2427: 2389: 2381: 2366: 2293: 2250: 2230:education in Thailand 2222: 1871:The main language is 1455: 1382: 1355: 1251: 1041: 986: 911: 895: 724: 716: 630:ภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ 352:Sakon Nakhon province 28:Isan (disambiguation) 5775:5.2 (2004): 219-234. 5690:Brow, James (1976). 4840:Brow, James (1976). 4643:stat.bora.dopa.go.th 4561:Melbourne Victory FC 4154:Praphas Charusathien 3984:'s 400 constituency 3026:Mukdahan-Savannakhét 2450:are also prevalent. 2272:Khon Kaen University 1942:is widely spoken in 1418:Khon Kaen University 1005:Phetchabun Mountains 963:Austroasiatic people 843:population transfers 825:Kingdom of Champasak 813:Suwannaphum District 606:Phetchabun Mountains 582:Laos–Thailand border 417: • Density 57:improve this article 26:For other uses, see 6001:Regions of Thailand 5968: / 5675:Alpha Research Co. 5331:www.thai-school.net 5029:www.bangkokpost.com 4981:Nikkei Asian Review 4582:Udon Thani Province 4573:Buriram United F.C. 4517:Paradorn Srichaphan 4374:Udon Thani Province 4279:Phakin Khamwilaisak 4199:Jiraporn Sindhuprai 4158:Udon Thani Province 4106:Udon Thani Province 3023:Nong Khai-Vientiane 2620:Paradorn Srichaphan 2367:Traditional drums, 2310:temple architecture 2280:Rajabhat University 2113:Krung Thep dialect 1966: 1558:Lao Isan / Thai Lao 1539: 1331:Chaiyaphum Province 1146:Isan has around 26 961:The Kuy people, an 877:made the plateau a 857:, rebelled against 782:Preah Vihear Temple 377:Udon Thani province 297:Chaiyaphum province 144:Northeastern Region 5654:on 20 October 2020 5609:on 2 December 2020 5597:Team, Bangkok101. 5576:www.thairath.co.th 5344:Kime, Tom (2008). 5251:Thai, Northeastern 4820:, Silkworm Books, 4709:. learnsanskrit.cc 4586:Khon Kaen Province 4578:Kiatisuk Senamuang 4521:Khon Kaen Province 4511:Khon Kaen Province 4470:Nong Khai Province 4428:Khon Kaen Province 4424:Mangpor Chonthicha 4370:Siriporn Ampaipong 4345:, singing styles: 4327:Khon Kaen Province 4270:Kanyawee Songmuang 4237:Sukollawat Kanarot 4232:Khon Kaen Province 4222:Actors and actress 4194:Khon Kaen Province 4026: 3058: 2996:for private hire. 2872: 2844: 2810:Second World War. 2757: 2743:was born in Isan. 2726:Theravāda Buddhist 2718: 2706:Thai depiction of 2700: 2638: 2606:are of ethnically 2503: 2480:in Surin; and the 2430: 2392: 2384: 2376: 2349:(meat salad), and 2341:green papaya salad 2298: 2253: 2225: 2155:Tai Yoy (Tai Gnoi) 1964: 1535: 1461: 1389: 1361: 1293:the service sector 1257:Nong Khai Province 1254: 1178:in Loei Province. 1044: 1033:Phu Phan Mountains 997: 918: 898: 797:Post-Angkor Period 727: 719: 681:Thaksin Shinawatra 637:but also from the 590:Sankamphaeng Range 511:[ʔīː.sǎːn] 487:Northeast Thailand 442: • Total 409: • Total 396: • Total 362:Nong Khai province 312:Bueng Kan province 292:Khon Kaen province 5951: 5950: 5724:978-981-4722-91-9 5703:978-90-04-04529-3 5696:. Brill Archive. 5648:เดอะอีสานเรคคอร์ด 5496:on 11 March 2014. 5259:(25th ed., 2022) 5237:978-974-11-1078-0 5131:on 9 October 2016 4952:Stokes, Demelza. 4879:978-0-8248-1110-5 4853:978-90-04-04529-3 4846:. Brill Archive. 4707:"Spoken Sanskrit" 4527:Ratchanok Intanon 4460:Thanapol Intharit 4412:Yasothon Province 4402:Maithai Huajaisin 4296:Yasothon Province 4190:Tiwagorn Withiton 4172:Prayut Chan-o-cha 4148:Mukdahan Province 4140:Mukdahan Province 3975: 3974: 3955:Nakhon Ratchasima 3950:Nakhon Ratchasima 2897:(international), 2829:Friendship Bridge 2635:Nakhon Ratchasima 2478:Elephant Round-up 2212: 2211: 1885:de facto standard 1863:Phu Thai language 1842: 1841: 1225:northern Thailand 1221:southern Thailand 1111:Nakhon Ratchasima 614:England and Wales 594:Nakhon Ratchasima 536: 484: 483: 337:Yasothon province 327:Mukdahan province 267:Nakhon Ratchasima 133: 132: 125: 107: 6008: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5979: 5978: 5973: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5964: 5961: 5905: 5867: 5850: 5849: 5838: 5831: 5824: 5815: 5814: 5781:The Isaan Record 5748: 5746: 5744: 5728: 5707: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5639: 5633: 5632: 5626: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5605:. Archived from 5594: 5588: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5568: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5518: 5509: 5504: 5498: 5497: 5492:. Archived from 5477: 5471: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5439: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5422:The Isaan Record 5413: 5407: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5341: 5335: 5334: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5296: 5290: 5286: 5280: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5265: 5248: 5242: 5241: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5161:on 16 March 2010 5157:. Archived from 5147: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5130: 5123: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5001: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4987: 4972: 4963: 4950: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4933: 4922: 4905: 4900:Søren Ivarsson, 4898: 4892: 4891: 4865: 4859: 4857: 4837: 4831: 4830: 4813: 4807: 4806: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4705:Klaus Glashoff. 4702: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4656: 4654: 4633: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4605: 4490:Buriram Province 4418:Monkaen Kaenkoon 4408:Phai Phongsathon 4364:Kalasin Province 4339:Jintara Poonlarp 4301:Sudarat Butrprom 4216:Buriram Province 4185:Buriram Province 4112:Khun Parissuddho 4055: 4040:Jintara Poonlarp 4036: 3943: 3936: 3899: 3892: 3855: 3848: 3811: 3804: 3779:Ubon Ratchathani 3774:Ubon Ratchathani 3767: 3760: 3723: 3716: 3677: 3640: 3633: 3596: 3589: 3552: 3545: 3508: 3501: 3464: 3457: 3420: 3413: 3376: 3369: 3332: 3325: 3288: 3281: 3244: 3237: 3200: 3193: 3156: 3149: 3112: 3105: 3063: 3062: 2987: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2971: 2954: 2891:Ubon Ratchathani 2825:Saphan Mitraphap 2816:Thanon Mitraphap 2778:Ubon Ratchathani 2722:rest of Thailand 2577:Khamsing Srinawk 2507:indigenous music 2482:bangfai phayanak 2142:Tai Yo (Tai Gno) 1970:Language family 1967: 1963: 1669:(not specified) 1543:Language family 1540: 1534: 1478:Ubon Ratchathani 1327:Sisaket Province 1321: 1313: 1217:central Thailand 1188:Siamese Rosewood 1068:Sisaket Province 937: 925: 883:French Indochina 863:forced migration 815:(in present-day 739:rice cultivation 632: 631: 602:central Thailand 548: 541: 531: 529: 521: 520: 519: 513: 508: 504: 471: 347:Sisaket province 317:Buriram province 287:Kalasin province 281: 245: 208: 201: 190: 183: 172: 140: 139: 128: 121: 117: 114: 108: 106: 65: 41: 33: 6016: 6015: 6011: 6010: 6009: 6007: 6006: 6005: 5986: 5985: 5976: 5974: 5970: 5967: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5947: 5943:Southern Region 5918:Northern Region 5906: 5897: 5893:Southern Region 5878:Northern Region 5868: 5857: 5844: 5842: 5789:Wayback Machine 5773:Asian Ethnicity 5768:McCargo, Duncan 5755: 5742: 5740: 5725: 5704: 5672: 5670:Further reading 5667: 5657: 5655: 5640: 5636: 5620: 5619: 5612: 5610: 5595: 5591: 5581: 5579: 5570: 5569: 5565: 5555: 5553: 5545: 5544: 5540: 5530: 5528: 5520: 5519: 5512: 5505: 5501: 5478: 5474: 5465: 5461: 5454: 5440: 5436: 5426: 5424: 5414: 5410: 5402: 5398: 5388: 5386: 5385:on 30 June 2014 5377: 5376: 5372: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5342: 5338: 5323: 5319: 5309: 5307: 5306:on 19 July 2011 5298: 5297: 5293: 5287: 5283: 5274: 5270: 5260: 5249: 5245: 5238: 5220: 5214: 5210: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5178: 5174: 5164: 5162: 5151:"Isaan Dialect" 5149: 5148: 5144: 5134: 5132: 5128: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5100: 5098: 5097:. Search.eb.com 5093: 5092: 5088: 5078: 5076: 5066: 5062: 5052: 5050: 5048:Khaosod English 5040: 5036: 5021: 5017: 5009: 5003: 5002: 4995: 4985: 4983: 4973: 4966: 4951: 4947: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4923: 4908: 4899: 4895: 4880: 4866: 4862: 4854: 4838: 4834: 4828: 4814: 4810: 4772: 4768: 4726: 4722: 4712: 4710: 4703: 4699: 4689: 4687: 4667: 4666: 4662: 4652: 4650: 4649:on 14 June 2019 4639: 4635: 4634: 4627: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4607: 4606: 4599: 4595: 4584:and resides at 4507:Somluck Kamsing 4476:Seksan Sukpimai 4466:Pongsit Kamphee 4396:Mike Phiromphon 4343:Roi Et Province 4323:Panna Rittikrai 4311:Roi Et Province 4274:Roi Et Province 4228:Nadech Kugimiya 4167:Roi Et Province 4087:Thera, born in 4075: 4074: 4073: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4066: 4056: 4048: 4047: 4044:Roi Et Province 4037: 4014: 3256:Nong Bua Lamphu 3251:Nong Bua Lamphu 3050: 3013:(Thailand) and 3002: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2935: 2861: 2807: 2790: 2762: 2749: 2690: 2680:The process of 2583:(who writes in 2466:Candle Festival 2458:Rocket Festival 2400:Women's sarongs 2369:Rocket Festival 2288: 2217: 2208: 2188:Unknown, dying 2184:Chinese, Minnan 2102:Khorat dialect 2094: 2010: 1990: 1988:Khmer, Northern 1869: 1849:Main articles: 1847: 1450: 1445: 1439: 1427: 1356:Central Plaza, 1206: 1204:Economy of Isan 1200: 1184: 1144: 1138: 981: 975: 912:Phanom Rung in 849:, during which 839: 833: 817:Roi Et Province 735:prehistoric art 711: 709:History of Isan 705: 546: 515: 514: 506: 467: 386: 332:Roi Et province 283: 282: 279: 248: 236: 234:Candle Festival 214: 213: 212: 211: 210: 209: 202: 193: 192: 191: 184: 175: 174: 173: 157: 148: 145: 138: 129: 118: 112: 109: 66: 64: 54: 42: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6014: 6004: 6003: 5998: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5945: 5940: 5938:Eastern Region 5935: 5933:Central Region 5930: 5928:Western Region 5925: 5920: 5914: 5912: 5908: 5907: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5895: 5890: 5888:Central Region 5885: 5880: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5862: 5859: 5858: 5841: 5840: 5833: 5826: 5818: 5812: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5777: 5765: 5754: 5753:External links 5751: 5750: 5749: 5729: 5723: 5708: 5702: 5687: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5665: 5634: 5589: 5563: 5538: 5526:Hello Mukdahan 5510: 5499: 5472: 5459: 5452: 5446:. Booksmango. 5434: 5408: 5396: 5370: 5357:978-0756643263 5356: 5336: 5317: 5291: 5281: 5268: 5243: 5236: 5208: 5194: 5172: 5142: 5108: 5086: 5060: 5034: 5025:"Bangkok Post" 5015: 4993: 4964: 4945: 4906: 4893: 4878: 4860: 4852: 4832: 4827:978-6162150746 4826: 4808: 4766: 4720: 4697: 4660: 4625: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4589: 4575: 4550: 4524: 4514: 4503: 4502: 4498: 4497: 4486:Lalisa Manoban 4483: 4473: 4463: 4457: 4447: 4437: 4431: 4421: 4415: 4405: 4399: 4393: 4387: 4377: 4367: 4360:Honey Sri-Isan 4357: 4351:Thai pop music 4335: 4334: 4330: 4329: 4319: 4318: 4314: 4313: 4307:Suthep Po-ngam 4304: 4298: 4288: 4287: 4283: 4282: 4276: 4267: 4261: 4259:Surin Province 4252: 4249:Sombat Metanee 4246: 4240: 4234: 4224: 4223: 4219: 4218: 4208: 4207: 4203: 4202: 4196: 4187: 4181:Newin Chidchob 4178: 4169: 4160: 4151: 4128:Sarit Thanarat 4124: 4123: 4119: 4118: 4108: 4102:Ajahn Maha Bua 4098: 4091: 4085:Mun Bhuridatta 4080: 4079: 4078:Buddhist monks 4070: 4069: 4057: 4050: 4049: 4038: 4031: 4030: 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4380:Banyen Rakgan 4378: 4375: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4332: 4331: 4328: 4324: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4315: 4312: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4293: 4290: 4289: 4285: 4284: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4253: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4221: 4220: 4217: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4155: 4152: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4121: 4120: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4096: 4092: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4076: 4064: 4060: 4054: 4045: 4041: 4035: 4023: 4022:Srinagarindra 4018: 4009: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3994:Thai Rak Thai 3991: 3990:2005 election 3987: 3983: 3978: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3935: 3931: 3930: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3894: 3891: 3887: 3886: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3850: 3847: 3843: 3842: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3806: 3803: 3799: 3798: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3759: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3747: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3735:Amnat Charoen 3733: 3731: 3730:Amnat Charoen 3728: 3725: 3722: 3718: 3715: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3635: 3632: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3608:Maha Sarakham 3606: 3604: 3603:Maha Sarakham 3601: 3598: 3595: 3591: 3588: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3547: 3544: 3540: 3539: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3503: 3500: 3496: 3495: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3415: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3388:Nakhon Phanom 3386: 3384: 3383:Nakhon Phanom 3381: 3378: 3375: 3371: 3368: 3364: 3363: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3324: 3320: 3319: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3283: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3236: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3195: 3192: 3188: 3187: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3148: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3104: 3100: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3065: 3064: 3061: 3054: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3024: 3018: 3016: 3012: 3008: 2997: 2995: 2991: 2967: 2963: 2962: 2956: 2950: 2946: 2945: 2940: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2899:Nakhon Phanom 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2877: 2870: 2865: 2856: 2853: 2848: 2840: 2836: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2817: 2811: 2802: 2799: 2794: 2785: 2783: 2782:Luang Prabang 2779: 2775: 2771: 2770:Chulalongkorn 2767: 2753: 2744: 2742: 2737: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2715: 2711: 2710: 2704: 2698: 2694: 2685: 2683: 2678: 2675: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2636: 2631: 2627: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2588: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2566: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2533: 2528: 2524: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2513: 2508: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2474:Silk Festival 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2456: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2440: 2435: 2426: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2388: 2380: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2353: 2348: 2347: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2296: 2295:Loei Province 2292: 2283: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2268:Maha Sarakham 2264: 2260: 2257: 2249: 2245: 2243: 2242: 2237: 2236: 2231: 2221: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2180:Sino-Tibetan 2179: 2178: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2111: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2091: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2013: 2008: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1982: 1979:Distribution 1978: 1975: 1969: 1968: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1897:Tai languages 1894: 1890: 1889:Thai alphabet 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1851:Isan language 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1800:Austroasiatic 1798: 1797: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1719: 1716: 1715: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1591: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1546:Ethnic group 1545: 1542: 1541: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1510:Nakhon Phanom 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1482: 1479: 1476:113,828; and 1475: 1471: 1467: 1459: 1454: 1444: 1434: 1432: 1422: 1419: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1386: 1381: 1377: 1374: 1370: 1367:Extension of 1365: 1359: 1354: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1343: 1338: 1337: 1332: 1328: 1323: 1317: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1250: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1205: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1143: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1119:Maha Sarakham 1116: 1112: 1108: 1107:precipitation 1104: 1099: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1084:Nakhon Phanom 1081: 1077: 1073: 1072:Loei Province 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1040: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 994: 990: 985: 980: 970: 968: 964: 959: 957: 953: 949: 948:Thai alphabet 944: 941: 933: 929: 924: 915: 910: 906: 903: 894: 890: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 838: 828: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 785: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 758: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 723: 715: 710: 700: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 677: 673: 668: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 645: 640: 636: 626: 622: 617: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 545: 540: 534: 525: 518: 512: 500: 496: 492: 488: 480: 476: 473: 470: 465: 461: 457: 454: 452: 448: 444: 440: 435: 432: 429: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 402: 398: 394: 389: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 342:Loei province 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 284: 275: 271: 268: 265: 261: 258: 255: 251: 244: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 207: 200: 189: 182: 171: 160: 156: 151: 141: 135: 127: 124: 116: 105: 102: 98: 95: 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: – 73: 69: 68:Find sources: 62: 58: 52: 51: 46:This article 44: 40: 35: 34: 29: 22: 5953: 5922: 5882: 5780: 5772: 5760: 5743:24 September 5741:. 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Retrieved 4557:Sakon Nakhon 4450:Asanee–Wasan 3979: 3976: 3344:Sakon Nakhon 3339:Sakon Nakhon 3059: 3019: 3003: 2993: 2983:three wheels 2959: 2957: 2942: 2936: 2927:Suvarnabhumi 2919: 2903:Sakon Nakhon 2893:(domestic), 2889:(domestic), 2880: 2876:Thai Airways 2873: 2849: 2845: 2824: 2814: 2812: 2808: 2795: 2791: 2766:pony express 2763: 2738: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2697:Phu Kradueng 2682:Thaification 2679: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2643: 2639: 2589: 2574: 2569: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2549:(pronounced 2546: 2542: 2541: 2530: 2526: 2520: 2516: 2510: 2504: 2481: 2454: 2452: 2437: 2431: 2418: 2415:Jim Thompson 2408: 2403: 2393: 2350: 2344: 2336: 2333:tam mak hung 2332: 2317:Thai cuisine 2314: 2299: 2265: 2261: 2258: 2254: 2239: 2233: 2226: 2098:Central Thai 2055:Bru, Eastern 2042:Nyah Kur/Mon 2029:Bru, Western 1960: 1936:Kuy language 1925: 1921: 1905:Central Thai 1870: 1867:Kuy language 1836: 1831: 1826: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1778:Aheu people 1684: 1679: 1674: 1571:Central Thai 1536: 1504:refugees in 1483: 1462: 1437:Demographics 1428: 1415: 1412: 1405: 1390: 1366: 1362: 1340: 1334: 1324: 1302:rather than 1297: 1277: 1255: 1229: 1214: 1207: 1185: 1182:Biodiversity 1145: 1131: 1103:rainy season 1100: 1093:The average 1092: 1080:Sakon Nakhon 1045: 1009:Mekong River 998: 966: 960: 945: 919: 902:Thaification 899: 840: 837:Thaification 831:Thaification 786: 769: 766:Khmer Empire 759: 733:sites, with 728: 692: 688: 671: 669: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 642: 639:Central Thai 624: 620: 618: 578:Mekong River 557: 549: 490: 486: 485: 478: 280:20 provinces 263:Largest city 222:Phu Kradueng 134: 119: 113:January 2020 110: 100: 93: 86: 79: 67: 55:Please help 50:verification 47: 5975: / 5603:Bangkok 101 5551:Pira Sudham 5350:. Penguin. 5053:30 November 4740:(186): 76, 4653:26 February 4553:Surat Sukha 4390:Tai Orathai 4212:Pira Sudham 4059:Tai Orathai 3085:Population 3015:Savannakhet 2855:available. 2581:Pira Sudham 2509:of Isan is 2455:Bun Bungfai 2436:temple (or 2321:sticky rice 2196:Hmong-Mien 1909:Khorat Thai 1562:13,000,000 1530:Tai peoples 1500:, and some 1443:Isan people 1387:Raja Orchid 1281:cultivation 1231:Agriculture 1095:temperature 1090:Provinces. 967:Khmer Boran 755:Mesopotamia 580:(along the 5990:Categories 5972:16°N 103°E 5852:Regions of 5556:2 December 5427:31 January 5325:easyzone. 5256:Ethnologue 5165:2 December 4986:3 November 4782:(7): 618, 4690:22 January 4593:References 4488:, born in 4478:, born in 4468:, born in 4452:, born in 4442:, born in 4426:, born in 4410:, born in 4382:, born in 4372:, born in 4362:, born in 4341:, born in 4325:, born in 4309:, born in 4294:, born in 4292:Mum Jokmok 4272:, born in 4257:, born in 4230:, born in 4214:, born in 4192:, born in 4183:, born in 4174:, born in 4165:, born in 4163:Anon Nampa 4156:, born in 4130:, born in 4114:, born in 4110:Luang Por 4104:, born in 4095:Ajahn Chah 4093:Luang Por 3998:Chart Thai 3982:parliament 3962:2,648,927 3918:1,595,747 3874:1,396,831 3830:1,472,859 3786:1,878,146 3659:1,305,211 3571:1,802,872 3527:1,137,357 3520:Chaiyaphum 3515:Chaiyaphum 3351:1,153,390 3307:1,586,646 3300:Udon Thani 3295:Udon Thani 3088:Area (km) 2895:Udon Thani 2741:Ajahn Chah 2720:As in the 2709:Phra Isuan 2329:Vietnamese 2200:Hmong/Mong 2168:Saek (Sèk) 2016:Vietnamese 1993:1,400,000 1956:Vietnamese 1915:only. The 1837:21,300,000 1821:3,288,000 1742:Vietnamese 1708:Kuy / Kuay 1699:1,400,000 1685:16,103,000 1596:Thai-Loei 1518:Kuy people 1502:Vietnamese 1470:Udon Thani 1448:Population 1441:See also: 1261:pineapples 1156:Siam tulip 1127:Chaiyaphum 1076:Udon Thani 751:Ban Chiang 731:Bronze Age 507:pronounced 412:22,017,248 404:Population 83:newspapers 5658:20 August 5613:20 August 5582:20 August 5578:(in Thai) 5363:24 August 5155:Siamsmile 5135:8 October 4938:16 August 4888:500095794 4858:, page 47 4804:143763692 4796:0143-4632 4762:144238668 4754:0165-2516 4685:1686-0799 4569:Australia 4355:Luk thung 4286:Comedians 4061:(born in 4042:(born in 3988:. In the 3564:Khon Kaen 3559:Khon Kaen 3168:Nong Khai 3163:Nong Khai 3124:Bueng Kan 3119:Bueng Kan 3074:Province 3042:Chong Mek 3034:Bueng Kan 3000:Waterways 2944:songthaew 2923:Don Muang 2887:Khon Kaen 2869:Khon Kaen 2833:Vientiane 2774:Nong Khai 2633:The Mall 2624:Khon Kaen 2592:muay Thai 2522:luk thung 2505:The main 2276:Nong Khai 2244:) towns. 2215:Education 2036:Mukdahan 1976:Speakers 1973:Language 1881:Khon Kaen 1845:Languages 1810:1,909,000 1607:Phu Thai 1474:Khon Kaen 1472:137,979; 1468:142,169; 1385:Khon Kaen 1358:Khon Kaen 1320:ควายเหล็ก 1239:sugarcane 1192:Ta Phraya 1123:Khon Kaen 1088:Nong Khai 1029:Songkhram 973:Geography 855:Vientiane 809:Chi River 762:Dvaravati 649:Thai Isan 644:khon Isan 592:south of 568:, on the 533:romanized 451:Time zone 431:Khon Isan 273:Provinces 257:Khon Kaen 5855:Thailand 5785:Archived 5623:cite web 5289:Nations. 4677:<> 4565:Victoria 4543:Yasothon 4539:Yasothon 4531:Yasothon 4255:Tony Jaa 4100:Luangta 3742:378,438 3698:537,299 3691:Yasothon 3686:Yasothon 3615:962,665 3483:983,418 3439:353,174 3432:Mukdahan 3427:Mukdahan 3395:719,136 3263:512,780 3219:642,950 3175:522,311 3131:424,091 3091:Density 3077:Capital 3011:Mukdahan 2688:Religion 2596:Srisaket 2434:Buddhist 2373:Yasothon 2352:kai yang 2204:Unknown 2146:500,000 2133:500,000 2116:100,000 2105:500,000 2006:400,000 1712:400,000 1636:200,000 1623:500,000 1610:500,000 1599:500,000 1588:600,000 1575:800,000 1549:Persons 1526:Cambodia 1506:Mukdahan 1383:Pullman 1369:landline 1304:tractors 1269:tomatoes 1052:Cambodia 993:Cambodia 932:Sanskrit 851:Anouvong 789:Lan Xang 693:Lao Isan 689:Lao Isan 672:Lao Isan 661:Thai Lao 657:Lao Isan 598:northern 586:Cambodia 574:bordered 562:Thailand 556:ईशान्य 554:Sanskrit 547:𑀇𑀲𑀸𑀦 469:Language 226:Khao Yai 147:ภาคอีสาน 5977:16; 103 5531:26 June 4617:6 April 4347:mor lam 4333:Singers 4206:Writers 4144:Bangkok 4136:Bangkok 4132:Bangkok 3965:20,736 3921:10,080 3911:Buriram 3906:Buriram 3823:Sisaket 3818:Sisaket 3789:15,626 3574:10,659 3530:12,698 3476:Kalasin 3471:Kalasin 3310:11,072 3222:10,500 2994:samlors 2990:tuk-tuk 2977: 2911:Buriram 2730:animism 2674:tuk-tuk 2610:(Kuy), 2600:Buriram 2585:English 2570:mor lam 2559:mor lam 2551:mor'ram 2547:mor lam 2543:Mor lam 2532:kantrum 2517:mor lam 2512:mor lam 2460:. 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