591:
acquired one of the first telemetry ground stations which had the capability for reconstructing serial telemetered data which had been recorded on digital computer peripheral tapes. Computer peripheral tapes were inherently recorded in blocks. Reconstruction was required for continuous display purposes without time-base distortion. The Navy implemented similar capability in DoD for the first time in 1973. These implementations are the only known examples of true 'streaming' in the sense of reconstructing distortion-free serial data from packetized or blocked recordings. 'Real-time' terminology has also been confusing in streaming context. The most accepted definition of 'real-time' requires that all associated processing or formatting of the data must take place prior to availability of the next sample of each measurement. In the 1970s the most powerful mainframe computers were not fast enough for this task at significant overall data rates in the range of 50,000 samples per second. For that reason both the
Grumman ATS and the Navy Real-time Telemetry Processing System employed unique special purpose digital computers dedicated to real-time processing of raw data samples.
1244:
1271:
1563:
1654:
1111:. Research suggests that this approach to streaming competition can be disadvantageous for consumers by increasing spending across platforms, and for the industry as a whole by dilution of subscriber base. Once specific content is made available on a streaming service, piracy searches for the same content decrease; competition or legal availability across multiple platforms appears to deter online piracy. Exclusive content produced for subscription services such as Netflix tends to have a higher production budget than content produced exclusively for
1935:(TCP), guarantee correct delivery of each bit in the media stream. It means, however, that when there is data loss on the network, the media stream stalls while the protocol handlers detect the loss and retransmit the missing data. Clients can minimize this effect by buffering data for display. While delay due to buffering is acceptable in video-on-demand scenarios, users of interactive applications such as video conferencing will experience a loss of fidelity if the delay caused by buffering exceeds 200 ms.
1611:
content was freely available on the
Internet. By 2018, however, music streaming revenue exceeded that of traditional revenue streams (e.g. record sales, album sales, downloads). Streaming revenue is now one of the largest driving forces behind the growth in the music industry. In an interview, Jonathan Dworkin, a senior vice president of strategy and business development at Universal, said, "We cannot be afraid of perpetual change, because that dynamism is driving growth."
1760:
97:
1939:
1532:, where users make temporary copies of a work before purchasing; space-shifting, where users access a sound recording through the Napster system that they already own in audio CD format; and permissive distribution of recordings by both new and established artists." Judge Beezer found that Napster did not fit these criteria, instead enabling their users to repeatedly copy music, which would affect the market value of the copyrighted good.
1442:. Every user benefits when an individual uploads an mp3 file, but there is no requirement or mechanism that forces all users to share their music. Generally, the platform encouraged sharing; users who downloaded files from others often had their own files available for upload as well. However, not everyone chose to share their files. There was no a built-in incentive specifically discouraging users from sharing their own files.
1634:(IFPI) recompiled the music industry initiatives around the world related to the COVID-19. In its State of the Industry report, it recorded that the global recorded music market grew by 7.4% in 2022, the 6th consecutive year of growth. This growth was driven by streaming, mostly from paid subscription streaming revenues which increased by 18.5%, fueled by 443 million users of subscription accounts by the end of 2020.
955:
1982:, is used to manage the delivery of multicast streams to the groups of recipients on a LAN. One of the challenges in deploying IP multicast is that routers and firewalls between LANs must allow the passage of packets destined to multicast groups. If the organization that is serving the content has control over the network between server and recipients (i.e., educational, government, and corporate
54:
2171:
1449:; it made music freely replicable. Napster quickly garnered millions of users, growing faster than any other business in history. At the peak of its existence, Napster boasted about 80 million users globally. The site gained so much traffic that many college campuses had to block access to Napster because it created network congestion from so many students sharing music files.
1303:"Streaming creates the illusion—greatly magnified by headphone use, which is another matter—that music is a utility you can turn on and off; the water metaphor is intrinsic to how it works. It dematerializes music, denies it a crucial measure of autonomy, reality, and power. It makes music seem disposable, impermanent. Hence it intensifies the ebb and flow of pop fashion, the way
2155:(OTT) platforms, the original content captures additional subscribers. This presents copyright issues and the potential for international exploitation through streaming, widespread use of standards, and metadata in digital files. The WIPO has indicated several basic copyright issues arising for those pursuing work in the film and music industries in the era of streaming.
1434:. In an interview from 2009, Shawn Fanning explained that Napster "was something that came to me as a result of seeing a sort of unmet need and the passion people had for being able to find all this music, particularly a lot of the obscure stuff, which wouldn't be something you go to a record store and purchase, so it felt like a problem worth solving."
1438:
Napster existed, mp3 files fundamentally changed as a type of good. Songs were no longer financially excludable, barring access to a computer with internet access, and they were not rivals, meaning if one person downloaded a song, it did not diminish another user from doing the same. Napster, like most other providers of public goods, faced the
1607:
accessibility. Apple Music and Prime Music only offer their services for paid subscribers, whereas
Spotify and SoundCloud offer freemium and premium services. Napster, owned by Rhapsody since 2011, has resurfaced as a music streaming platform offering subscription-based services to over 4.5 million users as of January 2017.
531:
song. The operator would find the record in the studio library of more than 100,000 records, put it on a turntable, and the music would be piped over the telephone line to play in the tavern. The music media began as 78s, 33s and 45s, played on the six turntables they monitored. CDs and tapes were incorporated in later years.
4586:
1123:
declared that "The streaming wars are over" as pandemic-era restrictions had largely ended and audience growth had stalled. This led services to focus on profit over market share by cutting production budgets, cracking down on password sharing, and introducing ad-supported tiers. A December 2022 article in
1528:, which says that otherwise infringing activities are permissible so long as they are for purposes "such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching scholarship, or research." Judge Beezer, the judge for this case, noted that Napster claimed that its services fit "three specific alleged fair uses:
1877:
The quality of the interaction between servers and users is based on the workload of the streaming service; as more users attempt to access a service the quality may be affected by resource constraints in the service. Deploying clusters of streaming servers is one such method where there are regional
1547:
ordered against
Napster ended the brief period in which music streaming was a public good – non-rival and non-excludable in nature. Other P2P networks had some success at sharing MP3s, though they all met a similar fate in court. The ruling set the precedent that copyrighted digital content cannot be
4725:
Moullier, B; Galvis, Alexandra (October 2021). Study on the copyright legal framework and licensing practices of audiovisual content in the digital environment, Part 4: contractual practices in the Latin
American audiovisual sector in the digital environment. World Intellectual Property Organization
1122:
as more people stayed home and watched TV. "The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a seismic shift in the film & TV industry in terms of how films are made, distributed, and screened. Many industries have been hit by the economic effects of the pandemic" (Totaro Donato). In August 2022, a CNN headline
863:
In 2000, Industryview.com launched its "world's largest streaming video archive" website to help businesses promote themselves. Webcasting became an emerging tool for business marketing and advertising that combined the immersive nature of television with the interactivity of the Web. The ability to
701:. As proof of PARC's technology, the band's performance was broadcast and could be seen live in Australia and elsewhere. In a March 2017 interview, band member Russ Haines stated that the band had used approximately "half of the total bandwidth of the internet" to stream the performance, which was a
1954:
protocols were developed to reduce server and network loads resulting from duplicate data streams that occur when many recipients receive unicast content streams independently. These protocols send a single stream from the source to a group of recipients. Depending on the network infrastructure and
1610:
The music industry's response to music streaming was initially negative. Along with music piracy, streaming services disrupted the market and contributed to the fall in US revenue from $ 14.6 billion in 1999 to $ 6.3 billion in 2009. CDs and single-track downloads were not selling because
534:
The business had a succession of owners, notably Bill Purse, his daughter Helen
Reutzel, and finally Dotti White. The revenue stream for each quarter was split between 60% for the music service and 40% for the tavern owner. This business model eventually became unsustainable due to city permits and
530:
The
Telephone Music Service, a live jukebox service, began in 1929 and continued until 1997. The clientele eventually included 120 bars and restaurants in the Pittsburgh area. A tavern customer would deposit money in the jukebox, use a telephone on top of the jukebox, and ask the operator to play a
2047:
for viewing based on each user's view history in conjunction with all viewers' aggregated view histories. Rather than focusing on subjective categorization of content by content curators), there is an assumption that, with the immensity of data collected on viewing habits, the choices of those who
707:
pixel video, updated eight to twelve times per second, with audio quality that was, "at best, a bad telephone connection." In
October 1994, a school music festival was webcast from the Michael Fowler Centre in Wellington, New Zealand. The technician who arranged the webcast, local council employee
1602:
service that enables the use of limited features for exposure to advertisements, most companies operate under a premium subscription model. Under such circumstances, music streaming is financially excludable, requiring that customers pay a monthly fee for access to a music library, but non-rival,
859:
4 application. It was later also widely adopted on websites, along with RealPlayer and
Windows Media streaming formats. The competing formats on websites required each user to download the respective applications for streaming, which resulted in many users having to have all three applications on
590:
Terminology in the 1970's was at best confusing for applications such as telemetered aircraft or missile test data. By then PCM was the dominant transmission type. This PCM transmission was bit-serial and not packetized so the 'streaming' terminology was often a confusion factor. In 1969 Grumman
1539:
since it had knowledge of widespread file sharing on its platform. Since
Napster took no action to reduce infringement and financially benefited from repeated use, the court ruled against the P2P site. The court found that "as much as eighty-seven percent of the files available on Napster may be
558:
date back to the earliest days of computing in the mid-20th century. However, little progress was made for several decades, primarily due to the high cost and limited capabilities of computer hardware. From the late 1980s through the 1990s, consumer-grade personal computers became powerful
1437:
Not only did this development disrupt the music industry by making songs that previously required payment to be freely accessible to any Napster user, but it also demonstrated the power of P2P networks in turning any digital file into a public, shareable good. For the brief period of time that
1606:
There is competition between services similar but lesser to the streaming wars for video media. As of 2019 Spotify has over 207 million users in 78 countries, As of 2018 Apple Music has about 60 million, and SoundCloud has 175 million. All platforms provide varying degrees of
1630:(CISAC) indicated that remuneration from digital streaming of music increased with a strong rise in digital royalty collection (up 16.6% to EUR 2.4 billion), but it would not compensate the overall loss of income of authors from concerts, public performance and broadcast. The
57:
60:
59:
55:
1930:
HTTP adaptive bitrate streaming is based on HTTP progressive download, but contrary to the previous approach, here the files are very small, so that they can be compared to the streaming of packets, much like the case of using RTSP and RTP. Reliable protocols, such as the
61:
4578:
1339:. Progressive download saves the received information to a local file and then plays it from that location. On-demand streams are often saved to files for extended period of time, while live streams are only available at one time only (e.g., during a football game).
914:'s revenue, growing 29 percent from the previous year and becoming the largest source of income, pulling in around $ 2.4 billion. US streaming revenue grew 57 percent to $ 1.6 billion in the first half of 2016 and accounted for almost half of industry sales.
2132:, in particular programmatic advertisement, a tool that helps advertisers decide their campaign parameters and whether they are interested in buying advertising space online or not. One example of advertising space acquisition is Real-Time Bidding (RTB).
1907:(UDP), send the media stream as a series of small packets. This is simple and efficient; however, there is no mechanism within the protocol to guarantee delivery. It is up to the receiving application to detect loss or corruption and recover data using
1895:
libraries if required, thus demanding the central server to have powerful data processing and immense storage capabilities. In return, workloads on the streaming backbone network are balanced and alleviated, allowing for optimal streaming quality.
784:
was founded in 1989 and developed a JPEG streaming product called "StreamWorks". Another streaming product appeared in late 1992 and was named StarWorks. StarWorks enabled on-demand MPEG-1 full-motion videos to be randomly accessed on corporate
58:
2000:(P2P) protocols arrange for prerecorded streams to be sent between computers. This prevents the server and its network connections from becoming a bottleneck. However, it raises technical, performance, security, quality, and business issues.
2048:
are first to view content can be algorithmically extrapolated to the totality of the user base, with increasing probabilistic accuracy as to the likelihood of their choosing and enjoying the recommended content as more data is collected.
4704:
Katz, Raul (October 2021). Study on the copyright legal framework and licensing practices of audiovisual content in the digital environment, Part 1: Audiovisual OTT business models in Latin America: Recent trends and future evolution.
1397:'s DVD services. It stated that Netflix was continuing their DVD services with 5.3 million subscribers, which was a significant drop from the previous year. On the other hand, their streaming service had 65 million members.
2060:
performed online. An advantage of this presentation is that these lectures can be very long, although they can always be interrupted or repeated at arbitrary places. Streaming enables new content marketing concepts. For example, the
4730:
2158:
Streaming copyrighted content can involve making infringing copies of the works in question. The recording and distribution of streamed content is also an issue for many companies that rely on revenue based on views or attendance.
2123:
A case study commissioned by the WIPO indicates that streaming services attract advertising budgets with the opportunities provided by interactivity and the use of data from users, resulting in personalization on a mass scale with
1949:
protocols send a separate copy of the media stream from the server to each recipient. Unicast is the norm for most Internet connections but does not scale well when many users want to view the same television program concurrently.
3754:
903:. Increasing consumer demand for live streaming prompted YouTube to implement a new live streaming service for users. The company currently also offers a (secure) link that returns the available connection speed of the user.
1365:
State of Pay TV, OTT, and SVOD 2017 report said that 70 percent of those viewing content did so through a streaming service and that 40 percent of TV viewing was done this way, twice the number from five years earlier.
4556:
578:
and enable smooth streaming of the content. However, computer networks were still limited in the mid-1990s, and audio and video media were usually delivered over non-streaming channels, such as playback from a local
1959:
functionality. Continuous streaming of radio or television material usually precludes the recipient's ability to control playback. However, this problem can be mitigated by elements such as caching servers, digital
4745:
Schotz, Gustavo (October 2021). Study on the copyright legal framework and licensing practices of audiovisual content in the digital environment, Part 5: The Identification and Use of Metadata in Audiovisual Works
3279:
1866:, which then uses HTTP-based transport protocols to distribute the video to individual homes and users. The streaming client (the end user) may interact with the streaming server using a control protocol, such as
670:. These technological improvements facilitated the streaming of audio and video content to computer users in their homes and workplaces. There was also an increasing use of standard protocols and formats, such as
485:
manufactured by Data Electronics Inc. that were meant to slowly ramp up and run for the entire track; slower ramp times lowered drive costs. "Streaming" was applied in the early 1990s as a better description for
4320:
Ch. Z. Patrikakis, N. Papaoulakis, Ch. Stefanoudaki, M. S. Nunes, "Streaming content wars: Download and play strikes back" presented at the Personalization in Media Delivery Platforms Workshop, , Venice, Italy,
1106:
The competition among online platforms has driven them to find ways to differentiate themselves from the rest. A key differentiator is offering exclusive content, often self-produced and created for a specific
1890:
algorithms to redirect users to nearby regional servers capable of accommodating them. This approach also allows the central server to provide streaming data to both users as well as regional servers using
2034:
also has recordings of live broadcasts, including television shows aired on major networks. These streams have the potential to be recorded by anyone who has access to them, whether legally or otherwise.
421:
in the 1990s and has since grown to become the globally most popular method for consuming music and video, with numerous competing subscription services being offered since the 2010s. Audio streaming to
1382:
industry, which drastically dropped in popularity and profitability with the mass popularization of online content. The rise of media streaming caused the downfall of many DVD rental companies, such as
1266:
emerged to offer listeners a non-technical option for listening to audio streams. These audio-streaming services became increasingly popular; streaming music reached 118.1 billion streams in 2013.
1521:
for the Ninth Circuit ruled that a P2P file-sharing service could be held liable for contributory and vicarious infringement of copyright, serving as a landmark decision for Intellectual property law.
3930:
1464:(2003). The reign of P2P networks was short-lived. The first to fall was Napster in 2001. Numerous lawsuits were filed against Napster by various record labels, all of which were subsidiaries of
4609:
3455:
4750:
3746:
3624:
3120:
1484:(RIAA) also filed a lawsuit against Napster on the grounds of unauthorized distribution of copyrighted material, which ultimately led Napster to shut down in 2001. In an interview with the
4727:
2100:
Marketers have found many opportunities offered by streaming media and the platforms that offer them, especially in light of the significant increase in the use of streaming media during
56:
3799:
1298:, which are optimized for streaming HD content. Many developers have introduced HD streaming apps that work on smaller devices, such as tablets and smartphones, for everyday purposes.
4177:
3312:
2870:
1831:. The bitstream is delivered from a streaming server to a streaming client (e.g., the computer user with their Internet-connected laptop) using a transport protocol, such as Adobe's
1627:
3246:
3089:
1342:
Streaming media is increasingly being coupled with the use of social media. For example, sites such as YouTube encourage social interaction in webcasts through features such as
2251:
662:
During the late 1990s and early 2000s, users had increased access to computer networks, especially the Internet. During the early 2000s, users had access to increased network
4548:
3983:
1725:(in bit/s) / (8 Ă— 1024 Ă— 1024). For example, one hour of digital video encoded at 300 kbit/s (this was a typical broadband video in 2005 and it was usually encoded in
1717:. Streaming media storage size is calculated from the streaming bandwidth and length of the media using the following formula (for a single user and file): storage size in
2592:
514:
enabled subscribers to listen to opera and theatre performances over telephone lines. This operated until 1932. The concept of media streaming eventually came to America.
3269:
1430:
files freely, broke all music industry conventions when it launched in early 1999 in Hull, Massachusetts. The platform was developed by Shawn and John Fanning as well as
4890:
2649:
4709:
3516:
2792:
2354:
Fayyoumi, Ebaa; Idwan, Sahar; Muhared, Hiba; Matar, Izzeddin; Rawashdeh, Obaidah (November 2014). "L2CAP-based prototype media streaming via Bluetooth technology".
1566:
As music streaming platforms have become more prevalent in the US, music piracy rates have fallen. Piracy rates are calculated as a function of US total population.
3493:
3056:
4918:
1243:
1927:(RTCP) were specifically designed to stream media over networks. RTSP runs over a variety of transport protocols, while the latter two are built on top of UDP.
1740:
protocol, the requirement is 300 kbit/s Ă— 1,000 = 300,000 kbit/s = 300 Mbit/s of bandwidth. This is equivalent to around 135
1333:. True streaming sends the information straight to the computer or device without saving it to a local file. On-demand streaming is provided by a method called
801:. Other early companies that created streaming media technology include Progressive Networks and Protocomm prior to widespread World Wide Web usage. After the
4169:
4579:"Deloitte study: digital marketing spending is expected to increase by almost 15% until the end of 2021, while traditional advertising will slightly decrease"
4199:
2960:
1748:
protocol the server sends out only a single stream that is common to all users. Therefore, such a stream would only use 300 kbit/s of server bandwidth.
1631:
521:
was granted patents for a system for the transmission and distribution of signals over electrical lines, which was the technical basis for what later became
3721:
2073:. These online concerts are also spread over a lot of different places, including cinemas at various places on the globe. A similar concept is used by the
1046:
3922:
3829:
2400:
4728:
https://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/ip-development/en/agenda/pdf/part_4_contractual_practices_latin_american_audiovisual_sector_digital_environment.pdf
2615:
2210:
1362:
4023:
3657:
3342:
4620:
4344:
3463:
3213:
4747:
2455:
3411:
765:, an event that would define the format of social change broadcasts. Scarpa continued to pioneer in the streaming media world with projects such as
2682:
2006:(CDNs) use intermediate servers to distribute the load. Internet-compatible unicast delivery is used between CDN nodes and streaming destinations.
4790:
4108:
3606:
3112:
2565:
6278:
4881:
Hagen, Anja Nylund (2020). Music in Streams: Communicating Music in the Streaming Paradigm, In Michael Filimowicz & Veronika Tzankova (ed.),
4810:
1858:
as an alternative to using proprietary transport protocols. Often, a streaming transport protocol is used to send video from an event venue to a
1623:
had streaming services busier than ever. In the UK alone, twelve million people joined a new streaming service that they had not previously had.
1517:
fundamentally changed the way consumers interact with music streaming. It was argued on 2 October 2000 and was decided on 12 February 2001. The
437:
Distinguishing delivery methods from the media applies specifically to, as most of the traditional media delivery systems are either inherently
6238:
4683:
3960:
3791:
2146:
1500:, explained, "I'm not an opponent of artists' music being included in these services, I'm just an opponent of their revenue not being shared."
1548:
freely replicated and shared unless given consent by the owner, thereby strengthening the property rights of artists and record labels alike.
1040:
847:
in 1995 that supported streaming media and included a proprietary streaming format, which was the precursor to the streaming feature later in
4770:
2746:
4653:
3302:
2874:
1035:
1030:
4856:
3692:
2287:
Patrikakis, Charalampos; Papaoulakis, Nikos; Stefanoudaki, Chryssanthi; Nunes, Mário (2010), Daras, Petros; Ibarra, Oscar Mayora (eds.),
1262:, combined with powerful home computers and operating systems, have made streaming media affordable and easy for the public. Stand-alone
3236:
5788:
3081:
602:, which enabled the more powerful computer networks that led to the first streaming video solutions used by schools and corporations.
362:, a process in which the end-user obtains an entire media file before consuming the content. Streaming is presently most prevalent in
5412:
4903:
4370:
Burroughs, Benjamin; Rugg, Adam (3 July 2014). "Extending the Broadcast: Streaming Culture and the Problems of Digital Geographies".
3546:
1481:
907:
1282:
In general, multimedia content is data-intensive, so media storage and transmission costs are still significant. Media is generally
4000:
4646:"Revised Proposal for a Pilot Project on Copyright and the Distribution of Content in the Digital Environment Submitted by Brazil"
3899:
3583:
2511:
Gelman, A.D.; Halfin, S.; Willinger, W. (1991). "On buffer requirements for store-and-forward video on demand service circuits".
1878:
servers spread across the network, managed by a singular, central server containing copies of all the media files as well as the
1668:, which allow devices on the same local network to connect to each other and share media. Such capabilities are heightened using
1637:
The COVID-19 pandemic has also driven an increase in misinformation and disinformation, particularly on streaming platforms like
829:
as "RNWK"). As the web became even more popular in the late 90s, streaming video on the internet blossomed from startups such as
743:
2991:
910:(RIAA) revealed through its 2015, earnings report that streaming services were responsible for 34.3 percent of the year's total
4982:
4449:
2190:
2185:
4147:
6283:
5450:
4422:
2772:
2308:
2078:
1736:
If the file is stored on a server for on-demand streaming and this stream is viewed by 1,000 people at the same time using a
1513:
1307:
rise up for a week or a month and are then forgotten. And it renders our experience of individual artists/groups shallower."
1050:
4525:
4074:
2641:
2195:
1924:
318:
1729:
resolution) will be: (3,600 s Ă— 300,000 bit/s) / (8 Ă— 1024 Ă— 1024) requires around 128
5512:
4706:
3524:
2788:
1965:
3854:
3485:
3049:
1071:
was coined to describe the new era (starting in the late 2010s) of competition between video streaming services such as
871:
prompted the development of a video streaming format through Flash, which was the format used in Flash-based players on
6253:
4229:
Sripanidkulchai, Kunwadee; Maggs, Bruce; Zhang, Hui (2004). "An analysis of live streaming workloads on the internet".
1979:
17:
4926:
1763:
Unicast connections require multiple connections from the same streaming server even when it streams the same content.
1713:
or a Sony TV Blu-ray Disc Player. 5 Mbit/s is recommended for high-definition content and 9 Mbit/s for
5215:
5191:
4850:
4246:
3379:
2846:
2728:
2532:
2432:
1828:
1152:
381:
While streaming is most commonly associated with multimedia from a remote server over the Internet, it also includes
1664:
Streaming also refers to the offline streaming of multimedia at home. This is made possible by technologies such as
6233:
4904:"AT&T, Disney and Comcast have very different plans for the streaming wars – here's what they're doing and why"
4207:
2968:
2220:
1955:
type, multicast transmission may or may not be feasible. One potential disadvantage of multicasting is the loss of
1714:
923:
4748:
https://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/ip-development/en/agenda/pdf/11_part_5_identification_and_metadata_av-en.pdf
1408:
is one of the most popular ways in which consumers interact with streaming media. In the age of digitization, the
6273:
6258:
5793:
5352:
5200:
4499:
2225:
946:
4200:"Streaming the London Olympic Games with the 'Go Live Package' from iStreamPlanet and Haivision | iStreamPlanet"
3714:
6248:
6078:
5734:
5196:
5054:
4129:
Minimum requirements for Sony TV Blu-ray Disc Player, on advertisement attached to a NetFlix DVD
3821:
1987:
667:
2607:
682:, as the Internet became increasingly commercialized, which led to an infusion of investment into the sector.
5405:
5327:
5249:
3177:
3017:
2062:
1932:
929:
663:
339:
4473:
3649:
3335:
2330:
1562:
5798:
5294:
4806:
WIPO, How to make a living in the Music Industry. Available at: How to Make a Living in the Music Industry
4348:
3203:
2215:
1920:
1916:
1871:
1836:
1832:
1710:
502:
for audio streaming. Such video had previously been referred to by the misnomer "store and forward video."
4942:
2673:"Complex Link-Up of Phone Lines, Old Phonograph Records : 'Human Jukebox' Spins Sounds for the Heart"
2513:
IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM '91: Countdown to the New Millennium. Conference Record
1270:
773:, and more recently Covered CA's campaign "Tell a Friend Get Covered", which was livestreamed on YouTube.
5783:
5266:
4766:
WIPO, How to make a living in the Film Industry. Available at: How to Make a Living in the Film Industry
3415:
3148:
2082:
1751:
In 2018 video was more than 60% of data traffic worldwide and accounted for 80% of growth in data usage.
1350:, user posting of comments online, and more. Furthermore, streaming media is increasingly being used for
1196:
1100:
1056:
205:
70:
4100:
2672:
5660:
4975:
4807:
4787:
3776:
2557:
2241:
2152:
1883:
1851:
1304:
1287:
1141:
970:
770:
559:
enough to display various media. The primary technical issues related to streaming were having enough
5302:
5210:
2200:
2065:
sells Internet live streams of whole concerts instead of several CDs or similar fixed media in their
1942:
Multicasting broadcasts the same copy of the multimedia over the entire network to a group of clients
1698:
1503:
686:
6047:
4675:
3952:
2488:
864:
collect data and feedback from potential customers caused this technology to gain momentum quickly.
689:
was the first group to perform live on the Internet. On 24 June 1993, the band was playing a gig at
5398:
2176:
2003:
1912:
1863:
1669:
1653:
1570:
Although music streaming is no longer a freely replicable public good, streaming platforms such as
988:
976:
726:
over the Internet in 1995. The first symphonic concert on the Internet—a collaboration between the
549:
311:
215:
44:
This article is about streaming media in general. For the music listening format specifically, see
5096:
4767:
5878:
5130:
5120:
4645:
3439:
2129:
1824:
1557:
1413:
1216:
1184:
1084:
762:
371:
45:
31:
3400:
Grant and Meadows. (2009). Communication Technology Update and Fundamentals 11th Edition. pp.114
2897:
2587:
2401:"Music consumption at all time high powered by streaming and video apps | Complete Music Update"
867:
Around 2002, the interest in a single, unified, streaming format and the widespread adoption of
527:, a technology for streaming continuous music to commercial customers without the use of radio.
6268:
6243:
5166:
4919:"The Early History of the Streaming Media Industry and The Battle Between Microsoft & Real"
4828:
3684:
3274:
3082:"Streaming made more revenue for music industry in 2015 than digital downloads, physical sales"
2236:
1904:
1887:
1867:
1536:
1384:
798:
657:
2716:
Scalable Continuous Media Streaming Systems: Architecture, Design, Analysis and Implementation
2381:
5440:
4968:
4048:
2714:
2030:
system that allows automatic recording of live broadcasts so that they can be watched later.
1780:
1465:
1263:
896:
614:
567:
398:
3999:
6263:
6183:
5482:
5359:
5061:
2753:. Via YouTube. Internet Archive – Stream Division. 5 April 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
2720:
2066:
1335:
848:
367:
162:
157:
4833:
Optical Fiber Communication Conference and International Conference on Quantum Information
833:(later acquired by RealNetworks), VDOnet (acquired by RealNetworks), Precept (acquired by
461:). The term "streaming media" can apply to media other than video and audio, such as live
8:
6115:
6110:
6035:
5714:
5435:
5261:
5205:
5161:
5068:
4549:"Q1 2020 Proves Streaming Is Essential To Consumers And To The Future Of Media Companies"
2266:
2070:
1843:
1788:
1784:
1768:
1145:
571:
355:
304:
182:
2288:
6208:
6030:
5854:
5834:
5547:
5502:
5477:
5374:
5342:
5049:
4395:
4298:
4271:
4252:
3891:
3611:
2852:
2538:
2205:
2074:
2044:
1991:
1681:
1540:
copyrighted and more than seventy percent may be owned or administered by plaintiffs."
1473:
1439:
1389:
1076:
790:
518:
495:
442:
386:
351:
172:
137:
4707:
https://www.wipo.int/ip-development/en/agenda/work_undertaken.html#pilot_project_cdcde
3575:
426:, often using Bluetooth, is another use that has become prevalent during that decade.
6098:
6093:
6007:
5956:
5681:
5379:
5347:
5334:
5317:
5284:
5254:
5244:
5239:
5181:
5156:
5147:
5039:
5027:
4846:
4418:
4399:
4387:
4303:
4242:
4170:"Cisco Annual Internet Report - Cisco Annual Internet Report (2018–2023) White Paper"
3991:
3616:
2995:
2905:
2842:
2768:
2724:
2677:
2528:
2463:
2304:
2125:
2109:
1620:
1212:
1133:
1119:
794:
555:
511:
462:
410:
4446:
2856:
2542:
6103:
5883:
5234:
5224:
5044:
4836:
4442:
4379:
4293:
4283:
4256:
4234:
4139:
3367:
3157:
2834:
2520:
2363:
2296:
2023:
1975:
1908:
1529:
1518:
1313:
1283:
1259:
1224:
1172:
1159:
serve as senior advisors. Founding members include AfroLandTV, America Nu Network,
998:
766:
731:
727:
723:
719:
606:
423:
343:
252:
243:
2295:, vol. 40, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 218–226,
2014:
Media that is livestreamed can be recorded through certain media players, such as
1452:
The advent of Napster sparked the creation of numerous other P2P sites, including
693:, while elsewhere in the building, scientists were discussing new technology (the
6198:
6152:
6088:
6083:
5971:
5640:
5614:
5421:
5125:
5022:
4814:
4794:
4774:
4754:
4734:
4713:
4521:
4453:
4383:
2750:
2300:
2101:
2027:
2019:
1956:
1859:
1535:
The second claim by the plaintiffs was that Napster was actively contributing to
1497:
1405:
1351:
781:
595:
580:
575:
564:
487:
431:
363:
287:
229:
210:
196:
177:
3953:"IFPI issues Global Music Report 2021: Global recorded music revenues grow 7.4%"
1846:, Microsoft's Smooth Streaming, Adobe's HDS and non-proprietary formats such as
609:
due to the impractically high bandwidth requirements of uncompressed media. Raw
6178:
5941:
5844:
5487:
5460:
5289:
5135:
5086:
5072:
2838:
2524:
2261:
1461:
1248:
1156:
1137:
1108:
1011:
911:
818:
739:
470:
427:
347:
238:
187:
147:
142:
4607:
3162:
3143:
2743:
2367:
1899:
Designing a network protocol to support streaming media raises many problems.
6227:
6203:
6193:
6188:
6147:
6120:
6062:
6015:
5966:
5893:
5691:
5567:
5522:
5017:
5007:
4943:"What is Streaming? A high-level view of streaming media technology, history"
4391:
4272:"Design and Implementation of Streaming Media Server Cluster Based on FFMpeg"
3995:
3865:
3620:
2909:
2863:
2467:
2117:
2113:
1974:
provides a means to send a single media stream to a group of recipients on a
1587:
1446:
1347:
872:
830:
629:
610:
599:
499:
280:
220:
167:
5696:
5562:
4238:
3747:"Battle of the Streaming Services: Which Is the Best Premium Video Service?"
37:"Media streaming" redirects here. For the feature in Microsoft Windows, see
6042:
6020:
5961:
5908:
5808:
5729:
5572:
5517:
5507:
5229:
5152:
5140:
5115:
4991:
4610:"Case Study VI: Data in the Audiovisual business: Trends and Opportunities"
4438:
4307:
3437:
Umstead, R. Thomas (5 June 2017). "Horowitz: Streaming Is the New Normal".
2057:
1997:
1971:
1591:
1423:
1409:
1112:
822:
802:
735:
711:
414:
4841:
4288:
2703:
IEEE Aero & AES Magazine, May 2022 ISSN 0885-8985, Vol 37, No.5 pp. 40
2424:
1445:
This structure revolutionized the consumer's perception of ownership over
6173:
5898:
5577:
5557:
5527:
5492:
5312:
5307:
5220:
5012:
4786:
WIPO, How to make a living in the Film Industry. Rights, Camera, Action!
4417:(in Dutch) (English ed.). Amsterdam: Penguin Books. pp. 12–16.
3371:
2105:
1961:
1658:
1598:. While some platforms, most notably Spotify, give customers access to a
1579:
1431:
1367:
1192:
1164:
1129:
echoed this, declaring an end to the "golden age of the streaming wars".
1092:
982:
888:
884:
868:
844:
754:
466:
406:
394:
359:
271:
261:
152:
4676:"What is programmatic video advertising? (And why it's smart to use it)"
2829:
Tobagi, F.A.; Pang, J. (1993). "StarWorks-a video applications server".
1697:
A broadband speed of 2 Mbit/s or more is recommended for streaming
69:, videos such as this short NASA film about spacesuit design are played
6025:
5981:
5928:
5903:
5888:
5803:
5686:
5650:
5609:
5369:
5171:
3685:"A&M RECORDS, INC. v. NAPSTER, INC., 239 F.3d 1004 (9th Cir. 2001)"
3650:"Case Study: A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc. – Blog | @WashULaw"
2493:
2015:
1879:
1583:
1544:
1469:
1457:
1355:
1291:
1220:
1148:
1096:
900:
892:
880:
852:
806:
758:
690:
491:
482:
335:
88:
78:
4495:
3270:"Netflix, Max, Disney and More Form Streaming Industry Trade Alliance"
2286:
1767:
Video and audio streams are compressed to make the file size smaller.
708:
Richard Naylor, later commented: "We had 16 viewers in 12 countries."
6157:
6140:
5976:
5951:
5913:
5762:
5724:
5719:
5665:
5635:
5552:
5364:
5322:
4465:
4231:
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
3607:"Record Labels' Answer to Napster Still Has Artists Feeling Bypassed"
3307:
3241:
2945:
Reinstein, Bill (25 June 2001). "Webcasts Mature as Marketing Tool".
1951:
1847:
1808:
1745:
1673:
1595:
1493:
1343:
1278:
receiver playing music being streamed via Bluetooth from a smartphone
1275:
1208:
1125:
856:
840:
698:
454:
418:
402:
294:
266:
96:
4808:
https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/copyright/939/wipo_pub_939.pdf
4788:
https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/copyright/869/wipo_pub_869.pdf
3027:
2056:
Useful and typical applications of streaming are, for example, long
1759:
1286:
for transport and storage. Increasing consumer demand for streaming
6135:
6052:
5986:
5918:
5739:
5706:
5645:
5630:
5542:
5472:
5445:
5034:
2256:
2094:
1983:
1938:
1900:
1741:
1730:
1722:
1718:
1706:
1677:
1599:
1525:
1453:
1252:
1200:
1168:
1088:
814:
786:
715:
637:
625:
458:
375:
116:
74:
5390:
4334:, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 213–218, Springer, 2001
2930:
Hebert, Steve (November 2000). "Streaming Video Opens New Doors".
1290:(HD) content has led the industry to develop technologies such as
605:
Practical streaming media was only made possible with advances in
6125:
5946:
5923:
5655:
5582:
5537:
5497:
5076:
4441:
is the following live stream from an international conference on
3022:
2086:
2031:
1946:
1737:
1642:
1638:
1628:
International Confederation of Societies of Authors and Composers
1571:
1426:(P2P) file-sharing network where users could upload and download
1419:
1394:
1378:
One of the movie streaming industry's largest impacts was on the
1188:
1072:
994:
876:
747:
382:
66:
3984:"On Podcasts and Radio, Misleading Covid-19 Talk Goes Unchecked"
3456:"Netflix Refines Its DVD Business, Even as Streaming Unit Booms"
793:, which also pioneered live video streaming on Ethernet and via
430:
is the real-time delivery of content during production, much as
6130:
5839:
5767:
5757:
4960:
4768:
https://www.wipo.int/copyright/en/creative_industries/film.html
1892:
1812:
1807:. Encoded audio and video streams are assembled in a container
1776:
1575:
1489:
1204:
1176:
826:
810:
671:
621:
584:
4270:
Zhao, Hong; Chun-long, Zhou; Bao-zhao, Jin (3 February 2015).
3144:"The streaming industry and the platform economy: An analysis"
2252:
Protection of Broadcasts and Broadcasting Organizations Treaty
1136:
named the Streaming Innovation Alliance (SIA), spearheaded by
954:
928:"Streaming wars" redirects here. For the South Park film, see
891:
in 2005. It initially used a Flash-based player, which played
30:"Streaming" and "Streamed" redirect here. For other uses, see
5532:
5091:
3050:"News and Notes on 2015 RIAA Shipment and Revenue Statistics"
2356:
International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations
2246:
1792:
1160:
1118:
This competition increased during the first two years of the
834:
694:
523:
111:
757:
produced the first large-scale, online, live broadcast, the
6057:
5849:
5829:
4075:"No Plex App, No Problem: Using Plex as a DLNA/UPnP Server"
2516:
2090:
1855:
1820:
1796:
1702:
1665:
1295:
1232:
1228:
1180:
1080:
679:
675:
450:
390:
38:
3486:"Ashes to ashes, peer to peer: An oral history of Napster"
3303:"Streaming giants have banded together for lobbying power"
1672:(NAS) devices at home, or using specialized software like
5749:
4228:
3208:
3113:"The Music Industry Is Finally Making Money on Streaming"
2635:
2633:
2353:
2230:
2085:. In video entertainment, video streaming platforms like
1816:
1804:
1800:
1772:
1477:
1427:
1379:
1329:. Live streams are generally provided by a method called
645:
560:
3892:"TV watching and online streaming surge during lockdown"
3855:"Global Music Report 2018: Annual State of the Industry"
3792:"The Top 10 Streaming Music Services By Number Of Users"
2289:"Streaming Content Wars: Download and Play Strikes Back"
3822:"Napster Proves That Streaming Music Can Be Profitable"
2744:"History of the Internet Pt. 1 – The First Live Stream"
2642:"Did You Know Music Streaming Has Roots in Pittsburgh?"
1882:
of the regional servers. This central server then uses
1370:, the report said, streamed 60 percent of the content.
1132:
In September 2023, several streaming services formed a
935:
For competition between music streaming platforms, see
358:
and is rendered in real-time; this contrasts with file
3923:"CISAC Global Collections Report 2021 (for 2020 Data)"
2630:
4269:
2510:
1911:
techniques. If data is lost, the stream may suffer a
1632:
International Federation of the Phonographic Industry
821:, including Progressive Networks (which was renamed "
570:
to support the required data rates and achieving the
4608:
Ms. Leticia Ange Pozza and Ms. Ana Paola Sifuentes.
4466:"The Berliner Philharmoniker's Digital Concert Hall"
2166:
1603:
since one customer's use does not impair another's.
1416:, largely due to one player in the market: Napster.
4233:. IMC '04. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 41–54.
3333:
2211:
Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market
4883:Reimagining Communication: Mediation (1st Edition)
2765:Connecting the Clouds: The Internet in New Zealand
2128:. Targeted marketing is expanding with the use of
2104:from 2020 onwards. While revenue and placement of
1990:can be used to deliver stream content to multiple
4101:"How to watch live TV online: The complete guide"
413:). Online streaming was initially popularised by
6225:
4829:"OFC'01 Invited Talk the Internet of the Future"
4415:Pluses and Minuses: How Math Solves Our Problems
3576:"The History of Napster: Yes, It's Still Around"
3237:"The golden age of the streaming wars has ended"
3178:"Streaming wars (Creative Economy Notes Series)"
2818:. United States: Lynne Segall. 17 February 1996.
855:also introduced a streaming media format in its
2871:"Starlight Networks and Hughes Network Systems"
2558:"Music Streaming Actually Existed Back In 1890"
2097:are mainstream elements of the media industry.
875:sites. The first popular video streaming site,
4372:Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media
3982:Hsu, Tiffany; Tracy, Marc (12 November 2021).
3777:"Decoding Artist Compensation: Streaming 2024"
3679:
3677:
3675:
3201:
2989:
2147:Copyright aspects of downloading and streaming
1657:A TV set streaming an audio file from a local
936:
703:
535:the cost of setting up these telephone lines.
5406:
4976:
4901:
4835:. Optical Society of America. pp. TuK1.
4496:"High Definition Earth-Viewing System (HDEV)"
4369:
3569:
3567:
2961:"YouTube now defaults to HTML5 <video>"
2670:
2051:
1524:The first issue that the Court addressed was
473:, which are all considered "streaming text".
312:
4098:
4024:"Enabling and configuring DLNA media server"
3547:"The Ethics of Anonymous Computing: Napster"
3453:
1978:. A connection management protocol, usually
1551:
1504:The fight for intellectual property rights:
1238:
651:
434:broadcasts content via television channels.
4888:
3672:
3517:"An interview with Napster's Shawn Fanning"
3514:
2992:"YouTube to Offer Live Streaming This Year"
1842:In the 2010s, technologies such as Apple's
5413:
5399:
4983:
4969:
4757:. World Intellectual Property Organization
4332:The case for streaming multimedia with TCP
3564:
3334:Masnick; M.; Ho, M.; Hung, J.; Beadon, L.
2828:
2453:
860:their computer for general compatibility.
319:
305:
4840:
4297:
4287:
3715:"Digital Media Association Annual Report"
3644:
3642:
3366:
3161:
2944:
2822:
1482:Recording Industry Association of America
908:Recording Industry Association of America
697:) for broadcasting on the Internet using
4716:World Intellectual Property Organization
4412:
3981:
2767:. Auckland: Activity Press. p. 90.
2671:Bradley-Steck, Tara (4 September 1988).
2383:The history of streaming media - PC Plus
1937:
1758:
1652:
1561:
1269:
1242:
837:), and Xing (acquired by RealNetworks).
776:
750:, Washington, on 10 November 1995.
481:The term "streaming" was first used for
346:. Media is transferred in a "stream" of
338:for playback using an offline or online
52:
4891:"Occupy Video Showcases Live Streaming"
4330:Krasic, C. and Li, K. and Walpole, J.,
4072:
3604:
3436:
3409:
3141:
2965:YouTube Engineering and Developers Blog
2639:
2456:"Even Ikea Has a Connected Speaker Now"
2454:Bonnington, Christina (12 April 2018).
1648:
1626:An impact analysis of 2020 data by the
77:connection, and the video is partially
14:
6279:Promotion and marketing communications
6226:
3639:
3315:from the original on 26 September 2023
3282:from the original on 26 September 2023
3267:
2929:
2762:
2605:
2555:
2191:Comparison of streaming media software
2186:Comparison of music streaming services
2120:representing 65% of the expenditures.
2038:
1514:A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.
1506:A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc.
1373:
1321:A media stream can be streamed either
1115:services, such as Amazon Prime Video.
6239:Applications of distributed computing
5394:
4964:
4859:from the original on 18 February 2020
4826:
4546:
4528:from the original on 29 December 2016
3933:from the original on 30 December 2021
3920:
3902:from the original on 24 November 2021
3889:
3849:
3847:
3727:from the original on 10 December 2018
3300:
3268:Huston, Caitlin (26 September 2023).
3249:from the original on 29 December 2022
3234:
4686:from the original on 4 February 2022
4656:from the original on 4 February 2022
4589:from the original on 4 February 2022
4559:from the original on 1 November 2020
4502:from the original on 8 December 2016
4180:from the original on 7 February 2014
3802:from the original on 8 November 2019
3789:
3348:from the original on 24 October 2014
3110:
2895:
2685:from the original on 25 January 2021
2652:from the original on 4 February 2021
2618:from the original on 8 November 2020
2568:from the original on 1 December 2020
2506:
2504:
2435:from the original on 6 December 2019
2419:
2417:
2196:Comparison of video hosting services
1925:Real-time Transport Control Protocol
1614:
543:
5420:
3410:Kellner, Scott (28 February 2013).
3216:from the original on 19 August 2022
3092:from the original on 5 January 2017
2712:
2608:"GETTING PERSONAL WITH THE JUKEBOX"
2140:
2022:. Live-streaming platforms such as
24:
4875:
4150:from the original on 14 April 2021
3963:from the original on 25 March 2021
3844:
3695:from the original on 12 April 2019
3627:from the original on 23 March 2019
3605:Strauss, Neil (18 February 2002).
3586:from the original on 15 March 2019
3573:
3515:Evangelista, Benny (31 May 2009).
2556:Reason, Samuel (6 November 2020).
2043:Most streaming services feature a
1986:), then routing protocols such as
1980:Internet Group Management Protocol
1721:is equal to length (in seconds) Ă—
1594:have shifted music streaming to a
1488:, Gary Stiffelman, who represents
843:developed a media player known as
25:
6295:
4911:
4902:Sherman, Alex (27 October 2019).
4522:"ISS HD Earth Viewing Experiment"
3832:from the original on 1 March 2020
3757:from the original on 17 June 2022
3496:from the original on 9 March 2019
3382:from the original on 26 July 2018
3202:Frank Pallotta (11 August 2022).
3111:Shaw, Lucas (20 September 2016).
2795:from the original on 11 July 2011
2640:Furness, Zack (17 October 2019).
2501:
2414:
1153:Federal Communications Commission
917:
617:(PCM) requires a bandwidth of 1.4
5097:BitTorrent television and movies
4990:
4889:Preston, J. (11 December 2011).
4111:from the original on 16 May 2016
3660:from the original on 31 May 2020
3301:Davis, Wes (26 September 2023).
3235:Cranz, Alex (14 December 2022).
3123:from the original on 22 May 2019
3062:from the original on 6 June 2019
2898:"Revived RealNetworks Buys Xing"
2831:Digest of Papers. Compcon Spring
2221:List of streaming media services
2169:
1412:of music has transformed into a
953:
937:§ Music streaming platforms
924:List of streaming media services
574:performance required to prevent
385:multimedia between devices on a
95:
5353:Director of network programming
4820:
4800:
4780:
4760:
4739:
4719:
4698:
4668:
4638:
4601:
4571:
4540:
4514:
4488:
4476:from the original on 3 May 2012
4458:
4431:
4406:
4363:
4337:
4324:
4314:
4263:
4222:
4192:
4162:
4132:
4123:
4092:
4066:
4041:
4016:
3975:
3945:
3914:
3883:
3814:
3783:
3769:
3739:
3707:
3598:
3539:
3508:
3478:
3447:
3430:
3403:
3394:
3360:
3327:
3294:
3261:
3228:
3195:
3170:
3135:
3104:
3074:
3042:
3010:
2983:
2953:
2938:
2923:
2889:
2807:
2781:
2756:
2737:
2706:
2697:
2664:
2606:Greene, Bob (8 February 1987).
2599:
2580:
2549:
2226:List of streaming media systems
2112:increased by 15% in 2021, with
1687:
971:Prewar and wartime broadcasting
947:television in the United States
5055:Digital terrestrial television
4073:Brookes, Tim (30 March 2023).
2481:
2447:
2393:
2374:
2347:
2323:
2280:
1988:Protocol Independent Multicast
594:In 1990, the first commercial
13:
1:
5328:Television news screen layout
4827:Maeda, Mari (17 March 2001).
4140:"The myth of the green cloud"
3890:Rajan, Amol (5 August 2020).
3454:Steel, Emily (26 July 2015).
3204:"The streaming wars are over"
3018:"YouTube Video Speed History"
2273:
2135:
2063:Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra
1933:Transmission Control Protocol
1715:ultra-high-definition content
1002:
930:South Park The Streaming Wars
789:networks. Starworks was from
714:pioneered the broadcast of a
554:Attempts to display media on
505:
6284:Bundled products or services
5295:Broadcast television systems
5201:Children's television series
4925:. March 2016. Archived from
4384:10.1080/08838151.2014.935854
4276:The Scientific World Journal
4099:Staples, Kim (20 May 2016).
3149:Media, Culture & Society
2590:, "Electrical signaling"
2301:10.1007/978-3-642-12630-7_26
2216:Internet Protocol television
2009:
1921:Real-time Transport Protocol
1917:Real-Time Streaming Protocol
1754:
1692:
819:many companies "went public"
805:in 1995 (and the release of
587:on the end user's computer.
476:
445:, television) or inherently
342:that is delivered through a
7:
5784:Inter-process communication
5197:Children's interest channel
2162:
2083:International Space Station
2077:in New York. There is also
1480:. In addition to this, the
1393:published an article about
899:audio, but now defaults to
851:6.4 in 1999. In June 1999,
632:requires a bandwidth of 168
10:
6300:
5451:Web syndication technology
3412:"The Future of Webcasting"
2839:10.1109/CMPCON.1993.289623
2525:10.1109/GLOCOM.1991.188525
2242:Over-the-top media service
2153:over-the-top media service
2144:
2052:Applications and marketing
2018:, or through the use of a
1852:adaptive bitrate streaming
1555:
1400:
1142:Motion Picture Association
934:
927:
921:
655:
547:
538:
401:between two devices using
43:
36:
29:
27:Multimedia delivery method
6254:Film and video technology
6166:
6071:
6006:
5999:
5937:
5874:
5867:
5822:
5776:
5748:
5705:
5674:
5623:
5602:
5595:
5468:
5459:
5428:
5303:Digital on-screen graphic
5275:
5216:Movie television channels
5192:Adult television channels
5180:
5106:
4998:
4413:Buijsman, Stefan (2018).
3921:CISAC (27 October 2021).
3521:The Technology Chronicles
3163:10.1177/01634437231210439
2489:"What is live streaming?"
2368:10.1504/IJNVO.2014.065785
2201:Content delivery platform
2004:Content delivery networks
1699:standard-definition video
1552:Music streaming platforms
1239:Use by the general public
652:Late 1990s to early 2000s
130:Retail goods and services
5267:Women's interest channel
4144:European Investment Bank
4049:"Connected Digital Home"
3440:Broadcasting & Cable
3142:Chalaby, Jean K (2024).
2177:Record production portal
1864:content delivery network
1862:transcoding service and
1670:network-attached storage
1187:, the MPA, MotorTrend+,
1179:, For Us By Us Network,
989:Multi-channel transition
550:Timeline of online video
498:for video streaming and
490:and later live video on
372:music streaming services
73:depending on the user's
6234:Streaming media systems
5131:Multichannel television
5121:Commercial broadcasting
5092:Peer-to-peer television
4773:5 November 2022 at the
4712:5 November 2022 at the
4239:10.1145/1028788.1028795
3414:. INXPO. Archived from
2990:Josh Lowensohn (2008).
2749:29 January 2019 at the
2130:artificial intelligence
2108:continued to decrease,
2106:traditional advertising
2026:may also incorporate a
1903:protocols, such as the
1558:Music streaming service
813:support), usage of the
763:Tibetan Freedom Concert
494:. It was first done by
46:Music streaming service
32:Stream (disambiguation)
6274:Television terminology
6259:Peer-to-peer computing
5211:Men's interest channel
5167:Religious broadcasting
3864:. 2017. Archived from
3275:The Hollywood Reporter
2763:Newman, Keith (2008).
2646:pittsburghmagazine.com
2237:National Streaming Day
1943:
1905:User Datagram Protocol
1764:
1661:
1567:
1537:copyright infringement
1309:
1279:
1264:Internet radio devices
1255:
1219:. Notably absent were
799:Hughes Network Systems
658:Original net animation
82:
6249:File sharing networks
4842:10.1364/OFC.2001.TuK1
4204:www.istreamplanet.com
4053:www.manifest-tech.com
2814:"Cyberian Rhapsody".
2721:John Wiley & Sons
1941:
1762:
1656:
1565:
1466:Universal Music Group
1301:
1273:
1246:
1041:Children's television
797:over satellites with
777:Business developments
615:pulse-code modulation
399:personal area network
272:Live support software
64:
6184:Glossary of blogging
6148:Social communication
5360:Outside broadcasting
4813:7 March 2022 at the
4793:26 June 2022 at the
4753:7 April 2022 at the
4470:Digital Concert Hall
3370:(20 November 2018).
3086:The Washington Times
2971:on 10 September 2018
2896:Sullivan, Jennifer.
2791:. Funding Universe.
2519:. pp. 976–980.
2331:"DLNA Network Guide"
2067:Digital Concert Hall
1789:Video coding formats
1769:Audio coding formats
1649:Local/home streaming
1619:By August 2020, the
1336:progressive download
849:Windows Media Player
730:and guest musicians
666:, especially in the
517:In the early 1920s,
389:, for example using
368:streaming television
65:On websites such as
5262:Sports broadcasting
5206:Documentary channel
5162:Public broadcasting
5069:Internet television
4733:21 May 2022 at the
4452:28 May 2019 at the
4437:A typical one-hour
4351:on 15 December 2018
4289:10.1155/2015/963083
4004:on 28 December 2021
3654:onlinelaw.wustl.edu
3376:robertchristgau.com
3336:"The Sky is Rising"
2614:. Chicago Tribune.
2267:Video over cellular
2039:View recommendation
1701:, for example to a
1410:private consumption
1374:Transition from DVD
1260:computer networking
1155:(FCC) acting chair
1146:U.S. representative
1036:Public broadcasting
1031:Sports broadcasting
991: (1980s–1990s)
985: (1950s–1980s)
742:—took place at the
572:real-time computing
510:Beginning in 1881,
216:Trading communities
206:Comparison shopping
6209:Uses of podcasting
5947:Collaborative blog
5942:Anonymous blogging
5835:RSS Advisory Board
5503:Electronic journal
5375:Television licence
5343:Broadcast designer
4947:streamingmedia.com
4923:streamingmedia.com
4895:The New York Times
4626:on 26 October 2021
4447:/videolectures.net
4345:"Videos On Demand"
3988:The New York Times
3828:. 22 August 2018.
3826:Digital Music News
3779:. 7 February 2024.
3612:The New York Times
3460:The New York Times
2789:"RealNetworks Inc"
2713:Lee, Jack (2005).
2612:chicagotribune.com
2293:User Centric Media
2206:Digital television
2075:Metropolitan Opera
2069:using YouTube for
2045:recommender system
1992:local area network
1944:
1850:emerged to enable
1765:
1744:per hour. Using a
1662:
1568:
1474:Warner Music Group
1440:free-rider problem
1390:The New York Times
1280:
1256:
1077:Amazon Prime Video
791:Starlight Networks
687:Severe Tire Damage
598:was introduced by
519:George Owen Squier
496:Starlight Networks
387:local area network
83:
81:in the background.
18:Internet Broadcast
6221:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6008:Alternative media
5995:
5994:
5957:Instant messaging
5863:
5862:
5591:
5590:
5388:
5387:
5380:Television studio
5348:Broadcast license
5335:Network affiliate
5318:On-screen display
5285:Broadcast network
5255:Livestreamed news
5245:Business channels
5240:News broadcasting
5157:Pirate television
5148:News broadcasting
5028:Mobile television
4885:. Routledge.
4424:978-0-14-313458-9
4210:on 1 January 2016
3959:. 23 March 2021.
3656:. 1 August 2013.
3368:Christgau, Robert
2998:on 10 August 2011
2833:. pp. 4–11.
2774:978-0-9582634-4-3
2678:Los Angeles Times
2310:978-3-642-12629-1
2126:content marketing
2110:digital marketing
1674:Plex Media Server
1621:COVID-19 pandemic
1615:COVID-19 pandemic
1363:Horowitz Research
1213:TelevisaUnivision
1134:trade association
1120:COVID-19 pandemic
1103:, and many more.
1065:
1064:
1057:History by decade
1014: (2019–2022)
979: (1947–1960)
973: (1928–1947)
879:, was founded by
825:", and listed on
795:Internet Protocol
771:President Clinton
744:Paramount Theater
718:game between the
624:for uncompressed
544:Early development
463:closed captioning
424:wireless speakers
329:
328:
62:
16:(Redirected from
6291:
6004:
6003:
5884:Enhanced podcast
5872:
5871:
5600:
5599:
5466:
5465:
5415:
5408:
5401:
5392:
5391:
5235:Shopping channel
5225:Music television
4985:
4978:
4971:
4962:
4961:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4929:on 21 March 2016
4907:
4898:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4844:
4824:
4818:
4804:
4798:
4784:
4778:
4764:
4758:
4743:
4737:
4723:
4717:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4625:
4619:. Archived from
4614:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4583:Deloitte Romania
4575:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4462:
4456:
4443:financial crises
4435:
4429:
4428:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4347:. Archived from
4341:
4335:
4328:
4322:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4301:
4291:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4206:. Archived from
4196:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4136:
4130:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4105:broadbandchoices
4096:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4003:
3998:. Archived from
3979:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3870:
3859:
3851:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3790:McIntyre, Hugh.
3787:
3781:
3780:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3751:NDTV Gadgets 360
3743:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3726:
3719:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3681:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3646:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3571:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3523:. Archived from
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3462:. Archived from
3451:
3445:
3444:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3347:
3340:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3061:
3054:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3030:on 26 April 2012
3026:. Archived from
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2994:. Archived from
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2967:. Archived from
2957:
2951:
2950:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2873:. Archived from
2867:
2861:
2860:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2760:
2754:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2508:
2499:
2498:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2425:"Streaming Wars"
2421:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2284:
2179:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2141:Copyright issues
1976:computer network
1909:error correction
1728:
1519:Court of Appeals
1387:. In July 2015,
1317:
1314:Robert Christgau
1215:, Vault TV, and
1007:
1004:
999:post-network era
977:First Golden Age
957:
942:
941:
769:, Townhall with
728:Seattle Symphony
724:Seattle Mariners
720:New York Yankees
706:
705:
643:
635:
620:
607:data compression
576:buffer underruns
321:
314:
307:
253:Customer service
99:
85:
84:
63:
21:
6299:
6298:
6294:
6293:
6292:
6290:
6289:
6288:
6224:
6223:
6222:
6213:
6199:Slashdot effect
6162:
6153:Social software
6067:
5991:
5972:Mobile blogging
5933:
5859:
5818:
5814:Streaming media
5772:
5744:
5701:
5697:Synchronization
5670:
5619:
5615:Feed URI scheme
5587:
5483:Classical music
5455:
5424:
5422:Web syndication
5419:
5389:
5384:
5277:
5271:
5183:
5176:
5126:Community radio
5108:
5102:
5082:Streaming media
4994:
4989:
4951:
4949:
4941:
4932:
4930:
4917:
4914:
4878:
4876:Further reading
4873:
4872:
4862:
4860:
4853:
4825:
4821:
4815:Wayback Machine
4805:
4801:
4795:Wayback Machine
4785:
4781:
4775:Wayback Machine
4765:
4761:
4755:Wayback Machine
4744:
4740:
4735:Wayback Machine
4724:
4720:
4714:Wayback Machine
4703:
4699:
4689:
4687:
4682:. 17 May 2018.
4674:
4673:
4669:
4659:
4657:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4629:
4627:
4623:
4612:
4606:
4602:
4592:
4590:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4562:
4560:
4545:
4541:
4531:
4529:
4520:
4519:
4515:
4505:
4503:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4479:
4477:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4454:Wayback Machine
4436:
4432:
4425:
4411:
4407:
4368:
4364:
4354:
4352:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4329:
4325:
4319:
4315:
4268:
4264:
4249:
4227:
4223:
4213:
4211:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4183:
4181:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4153:
4151:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4114:
4112:
4097:
4093:
4083:
4081:
4071:
4067:
4057:
4055:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4032:
4030:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4007:
4005:
3980:
3976:
3966:
3964:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3936:
3934:
3919:
3915:
3905:
3903:
3888:
3884:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3845:
3835:
3833:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3805:
3803:
3788:
3784:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3760:
3758:
3745:
3744:
3740:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3689:law.cornell.edu
3683:
3682:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3648:
3647:
3640:
3630:
3628:
3603:
3599:
3589:
3587:
3572:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3551:cs.stanford.edu
3545:
3544:
3540:
3530:
3528:
3513:
3509:
3499:
3497:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3469:
3467:
3466:on 21 June 2017
3452:
3448:
3435:
3431:
3421:
3419:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3385:
3383:
3365:
3361:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3338:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3316:
3299:
3295:
3285:
3283:
3266:
3262:
3252:
3250:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3124:
3109:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3001:
2999:
2988:
2984:
2974:
2972:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2943:
2939:
2928:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2878:
2877:on 2 April 2019
2869:
2868:
2864:
2849:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2798:
2796:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2761:
2757:
2751:Wayback Machine
2742:
2738:
2731:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2669:
2665:
2655:
2653:
2638:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2554:
2550:
2535:
2509:
2502:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2452:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2423:
2422:
2415:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2149:
2143:
2138:
2102:COVID lockdowns
2054:
2041:
2028:video on demand
2020:screen recorder
2012:
1964:, and buffered
1957:video on demand
1757:
1726:
1695:
1690:
1651:
1617:
1560:
1554:
1509:
1472:Entertainment,
1406:Music streaming
1403:
1376:
1352:social business
1319:
1311:
1305:musical 'memes'
1288:high-definition
1241:
1173:Disney+ Hotstar
1061:
1017:
1005:
940:
933:
926:
920:
782:Xing Technology
779:
702:
660:
654:
641:
633:
618:
596:Ethernet switch
581:hard disk drive
552:
546:
541:
508:
488:video on demand
479:
432:live television
364:video-on-demand
332:Streaming media
325:
288:Purchase-to-pay
230:Mobile commerce
211:Social commerce
197:Online shopping
122:Streaming media
104:Digital content
53:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6297:
6287:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6219:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6179:Escribitionist
6176:
6170:
6168:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6144:
6143:
6138:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6107:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6075:
6073:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6048:Search engines
6045:
6040:
6039:
6038:
6033:
6023:
6018:
6012:
6010:
6001:
5997:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5982:Video blogging
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5875:
5869:
5865:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5845:World Wide Web
5842:
5837:
5832:
5826:
5824:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5754:
5752:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5711:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5678:
5676:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5627:
5625:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5612:
5606:
5604:
5597:
5593:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5418:
5417:
5410:
5403:
5395:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5337:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5297:
5292:
5290:Broadcast-safe
5287:
5281:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5250:Public affairs
5247:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5194:
5188:
5186:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5150:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5138:
5136:Pay television
5128:
5123:
5118:
5112:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5094:
5089:
5087:Web television
5084:
5079:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5047:
5042:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5002:
5000:
4996:
4995:
4988:
4987:
4980:
4973:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4939:
4913:
4912:External links
4910:
4909:
4908:
4899:
4886:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4851:
4819:
4799:
4779:
4759:
4738:
4718:
4697:
4667:
4637:
4600:
4570:
4539:
4513:
4487:
4457:
4430:
4423:
4405:
4378:(3): 365–380.
4362:
4336:
4323:
4313:
4262:
4247:
4221:
4191:
4161:
4131:
4122:
4091:
4065:
4040:
4015:
3974:
3944:
3913:
3882:
3871:on 9 July 2020
3843:
3813:
3782:
3768:
3738:
3720:. March 2018.
3706:
3671:
3638:
3597:
3574:Harris, Mark.
3563:
3538:
3527:on 21 May 2021
3507:
3477:
3446:
3429:
3418:on 3 July 2013
3402:
3393:
3359:
3326:
3293:
3260:
3227:
3194:
3169:
3156:(3): 552–571.
3134:
3103:
3073:
3041:
3009:
2982:
2952:
2937:
2934:. p. 164.
2922:
2888:
2862:
2847:
2821:
2806:
2780:
2773:
2755:
2736:
2729:
2723:. p. 25.
2705:
2696:
2663:
2629:
2598:
2579:
2548:
2533:
2500:
2480:
2446:
2413:
2392:
2373:
2346:
2322:
2309:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2262:Stream ripping
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2164:
2161:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2058:video lectures
2053:
2050:
2040:
2037:
2011:
2008:
1923:(RTP) and the
1884:load balancing
1756:
1753:
1711:Google TV
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1650:
1647:
1616:
1613:
1596:club-type good
1556:Main article:
1553:
1550:
1508:
1502:
1486:New York Times
1462:the Pirate Bay
1402:
1399:
1375:
1372:
1348:online surveys
1331:true streaming
1300:
1249:live streaming
1240:
1237:
1157:Mignon Clyburn
1144:(MPA). Former
1138:Charles Rivkin
1109:market segment
1069:streaming wars
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1045:TV animation (
1043:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1012:Streaming wars
1009:
992:
986:
980:
974:
967:
964:
963:
959:
958:
950:
949:
919:
918:Streaming wars
916:
912:music industry
817:expanded, and
809:with built-in
778:
775:
740:Barrett Martin
653:
650:
545:
542:
540:
537:
507:
504:
478:
475:
471:real-time text
428:Live streaming
327:
326:
324:
323:
316:
309:
301:
298:
297:
291:
290:
284:
283:
277:
276:
275:
274:
269:
264:
256:
255:
249:
248:
247:
246:
241:
233:
232:
226:
225:
224:
223:
218:
213:
208:
200:
199:
193:
192:
191:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
132:
131:
127:
126:
125:
124:
119:
114:
106:
105:
101:
100:
92:
91:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6296:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6269:Digital media
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6244:Cloud storage
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6204:Spam in blogs
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6194:Posting style
6192:
6190:
6189:Pay per click
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6169:
6165:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6121:Broadcatching
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6070:
6064:
6063:Web directory
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6009:
6005:
6002:
5998:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5939:
5936:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5894:Narrowcasting
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5879:Audio podcast
5877:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5866:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5821:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5775:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5747:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5704:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5692:RSS enclosure
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5622:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5601:
5598:
5594:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5458:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5427:
5423:
5416:
5411:
5409:
5404:
5402:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5274:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5179:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5105:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5067:
5063:
5060:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5008:Radio program
5006:
5005:
5004:
5003:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4986:
4981:
4979:
4974:
4972:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4905:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4887:
4884:
4880:
4879:
4858:
4854:
4852:1-55752-654-0
4848:
4843:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4803:
4796:
4792:
4789:
4783:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4763:
4756:
4752:
4749:
4742:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4701:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4671:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4622:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4543:
4527:
4523:
4517:
4501:
4497:
4491:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4461:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4439:video lecture
4434:
4426:
4420:
4416:
4409:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4366:
4350:
4346:
4340:
4333:
4327:
4317:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4266:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4248:9781581138214
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4225:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4165:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4126:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4095:
4080:
4076:
4069:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4029:
4028:docs.qnap.com
4025:
4019:
4002:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3917:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3886:
3867:
3863:
3856:
3850:
3848:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3786:
3778:
3772:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3723:
3716:
3710:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3601:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3570:
3568:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3511:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3442:
3441:
3433:
3417:
3413:
3406:
3397:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3297:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3264:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3231:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3198:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3138:
3122:
3119:. Bloomberg.
3118:
3117:Bloomberg.com
3114:
3107:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3058:
3051:
3045:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3013:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2949:. p. 24.
2948:
2941:
2933:
2926:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2848:0-8186-3400-6
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2817:
2810:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2776:
2770:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2740:
2732:
2730:9780470857649
2726:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2709:
2700:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2667:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2634:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2589:
2583:
2567:
2563:
2562:blitzlift.com
2559:
2552:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2534:0-87942-697-7
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2507:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2402:
2396:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2332:
2326:
2312:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2279:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2167:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2148:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2114:digital media
2111:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2049:
2046:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1966:media players
1963:
1962:set-top boxes
1958:
1953:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1707:Apple TV
1704:
1700:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1655:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1588:YouTube Music
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1559:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1447:digital goods
1443:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1308:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1010:
1000:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
968:
966:
965:
961:
960:
956:
952:
951:
948:
944:
943:
938:
931:
925:
915:
913:
909:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
873:video hosting
870:
865:
861:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
836:
832:
831:Vivo Software
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
783:
774:
772:
768:
767:Woodstock '99
764:
760:
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
659:
649:
647:
640:and over 1000
639:
631:
630:digital video
627:
623:
616:
613:encoded with
612:
611:digital audio
608:
603:
601:
597:
592:
588:
586:
582:
577:
573:
569:
566:
562:
557:
551:
536:
532:
528:
526:
525:
520:
515:
513:
503:
501:
500:Real Networks
497:
493:
489:
484:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:non-streaming
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
322:
317:
315:
310:
308:
303:
302:
300:
299:
296:
293:
292:
289:
286:
285:
282:
281:E-procurement
279:
278:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
259:
258:
257:
254:
251:
250:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
235:
234:
231:
228:
227:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
203:
202:
201:
198:
195:
194:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
163:Food ordering
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
135:
134:
133:
129:
128:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
108:
107:
103:
102:
98:
94:
93:
90:
87:
86:
80:
76:
72:
68:
51:
47:
40:
33:
19:
6043:Online diary
5987:Motovlogging
5962:Liveblogging
5909:Slidecasting
5813:
5809:RSS tracking
5730:Product feed
5478:Bloggernacle
5339:Occupations
5230:Quiz channel
5153:Pirate radio
5141:Pay-per-view
5116:Campus radio
5107:Broadcasting
5081:
4992:Broadcasting
4950:. Retrieved
4946:
4931:. Retrieved
4927:the original
4922:
4894:
4882:
4861:. Retrieved
4832:
4822:
4802:
4782:
4762:
4741:
4721:
4700:
4688:. Retrieved
4679:
4670:
4658:. Retrieved
4650:www.wipo.int
4649:
4640:
4628:. Retrieved
4621:the original
4617:WIPO website
4616:
4603:
4591:. Retrieved
4582:
4573:
4561:. Retrieved
4552:
4542:
4530:. Retrieved
4516:
4504:. Retrieved
4490:
4478:. Retrieved
4469:
4460:
4433:
4414:
4408:
4375:
4371:
4365:
4353:. Retrieved
4349:the original
4339:
4331:
4326:
4316:
4279:
4275:
4265:
4230:
4224:
4212:. Retrieved
4208:the original
4203:
4194:
4184:17 September
4182:. Retrieved
4173:
4164:
4154:17 September
4152:. Retrieved
4143:
4134:
4125:
4113:. Retrieved
4104:
4094:
4082:. Retrieved
4078:
4068:
4056:. Retrieved
4052:
4043:
4031:. Retrieved
4027:
4018:
4006:. Retrieved
4001:the original
3987:
3977:
3965:. Retrieved
3956:
3947:
3935:. Retrieved
3926:
3916:
3904:. Retrieved
3895:
3885:
3873:. Retrieved
3866:the original
3861:
3834:. Retrieved
3825:
3816:
3804:. Retrieved
3795:
3785:
3771:
3759:. Retrieved
3750:
3741:
3729:. Retrieved
3709:
3697:. Retrieved
3688:
3662:. Retrieved
3653:
3629:. Retrieved
3610:
3600:
3588:. Retrieved
3579:
3556:21 September
3554:. Retrieved
3550:
3541:
3529:. Retrieved
3525:the original
3520:
3510:
3498:. Retrieved
3489:
3480:
3468:. Retrieved
3464:the original
3459:
3449:
3438:
3432:
3420:. Retrieved
3416:the original
3405:
3396:
3384:. Retrieved
3375:
3362:
3350:. Retrieved
3329:
3319:26 September
3317:. Retrieved
3306:
3296:
3286:26 September
3284:. Retrieved
3273:
3263:
3251:. Retrieved
3240:
3230:
3218:. Retrieved
3207:
3197:
3185:. Retrieved
3182:www.wipo.int
3181:
3172:
3153:
3147:
3137:
3125:. Retrieved
3116:
3106:
3094:. Retrieved
3085:
3076:
3064:. Retrieved
3044:
3032:. Retrieved
3028:the original
3021:
3012:
3000:. Retrieved
2996:the original
2985:
2973:. Retrieved
2969:the original
2964:
2955:
2946:
2940:
2931:
2925:
2913:. Retrieved
2901:
2891:
2879:. Retrieved
2875:the original
2865:
2830:
2824:
2815:
2809:
2797:. Retrieved
2783:
2764:
2758:
2739:
2715:
2708:
2699:
2687:. Retrieved
2676:
2666:
2654:. Retrieved
2645:
2620:. Retrieved
2611:
2601:
2588:US 1,641,608
2582:
2570:. Retrieved
2561:
2551:
2512:
2492:
2483:
2471:. Retrieved
2459:
2449:
2437:. Retrieved
2428:
2404:. Retrieved
2395:
2382:
2376:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2337:. Retrieved
2325:
2314:, retrieved
2292:
2282:
2157:
2150:
2122:
2099:
2079:a livestream
2055:
2042:
2013:
2002:
1998:Peer-to-peer
1996:
1972:IP multicast
1970:
1945:
1929:
1898:
1880:IP addresses
1876:
1841:
1766:
1750:
1735:
1733:of storage.
1696:
1688:Technologies
1663:
1636:
1625:
1618:
1609:
1605:
1592:Amazon Music
1569:
1542:
1534:
1523:
1512:
1511:The lawsuit
1510:
1505:
1485:
1460:(2001), and
1451:
1444:
1436:
1424:peer-to-peer
1418:
1404:
1388:
1377:
1360:
1341:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1310:
1302:
1281:
1258:Advances in
1257:
1251:at a zoo by
1131:
1124:
1117:
1113:pay-per-view
1105:
1068:
1066:
1001: (1999–
905:
866:
862:
839:
823:RealNetworks
803:Netscape IPO
780:
752:
736:Matt Cameron
712:RealNetworks
710:
699:multicasting
684:
661:
628:, while raw
604:
593:
589:
553:
533:
529:
522:
516:
512:Théâtrophone
509:
480:
446:
438:
436:
415:RealNetworks
409:rather than
405:(which uses
380:
340:media player
331:
330:
183:Ride-hailing
158:Distribution
121:
50:
6264:Peercasting
6174:Blogosphere
6079:Aggregation
5899:Peercasting
5799:Referencing
5493:Dream diary
5313:News ticker
5308:Lower third
5278:and funding
5221:Music radio
4547:Forrester.
4532:26 December
4506:26 December
4214:11 November
4079:How-To Geek
4008:24 November
3967:30 December
3937:30 December
3906:24 November
3386:21 November
3253:29 December
3187:29 December
2975:20 February
2932:Videography
2689:27 December
2656:27 December
2622:27 December
2572:27 December
1682:TwonkyMedia
1659:home server
1580:Apple Music
1432:Sean Parker
1414:public good
1385:Blockbuster
1368:Millennials
1151:and former
1047:Network era
1006: 2023
983:Network era
945:History of
889:Jawed Karim
885:Chad Hurley
869:Adobe Flash
845:ActiveMovie
755:Marc Scarpa
644:Mbit/s for
636:Mbit/s for
492:IP networks
483:tape drives
467:ticker tape
407:radio waves
395:home server
360:downloading
262:Call centre
173:Marketplace
153:DVD-by-mail
138:Advertising
6228:Categories
6072:Micromedia
6026:Journalism
5929:Web series
5904:Screencast
5889:Mobilecast
5804:RSS editor
5687:Geotagging
5651:Reblogging
5610:BitTorrent
5596:Technology
5441:Podcasting
5370:Press pool
5276:Production
5172:Talk radio
4817:(wipo.int)
4797:(wipo.int)
4777:(wipo.int)
4690:4 February
4660:4 February
4630:4 February
4593:4 February
4282:: 963083.
4058:27 October
4033:27 October
3470:4 November
3372:"Xgau Sez"
3352:8 February
2494:Cloudflare
2439:1 December
2362:(3): 221.
2274:References
2145:See also:
2136:Challenges
2016:VLC player
1994:segments.
1888:scheduling
1584:SoundCloud
1545:injunction
1470:Sony Music
1458:BitTorrent
1356:e-learning
1292:WirelessHD
1284:compressed
1193:Paramount+
1165:Discovery+
1149:Fred Upton
1093:Paramount+
1051:Modern era
922:See also:
901:HTML video
895:video and
893:MPEG-4 AVC
881:Steve Chen
807:Windows 95
759:Adam Yauch
691:Xerox PARC
656:See also:
548:See also:
506:Precursors
455:videotapes
397:, or in a
336:multimedia
334:refers to
295:Super-apps
89:E-commerce
79:downloaded
6158:Web Slice
6016:Carnivals
5977:Spam blog
5967:Microblog
5952:Columnist
5914:Videocast
5725:Photofeed
5720:Data feed
5715:Atom feed
5675:Mechanism
5666:Trackback
5636:Permalink
5563:Political
5553:Photoblog
5488:Corporate
5365:Press box
5323:Score bug
5299:Graphics
5182:Specialty
5062:Satellite
5023:Satellite
4563:2 October
4400:144577408
4392:0883-8151
4115:1 October
3996:0362-4331
3621:0362-4331
3308:The Verge
3242:The Verge
3220:19 August
3127:5 January
3096:5 January
3066:5 January
2915:5 October
2910:1059-1028
2816:Billboard
2468:1091-2339
2429:The Verge
2339:21 August
2233:playlists
2081:from the
2010:Recording
1984:intranets
1952:Multicast
1848:MPEG-DASH
1809:bitstream
1755:Protocols
1746:multicast
1727:320 × 240
1719:megabytes
1693:Bandwidth
1494:Aerosmith
1344:live chat
1327:on demand
1276:car audio
1247:A camera
1209:Telemundo
1126:The Verge
1097:Apple TV+
1067:The term
1022:Histories
857:QuickTime
841:Microsoft
753:In 1996,
685:The band
668:last mile
664:bandwidth
568:bandwidth
556:computers
477:Etymology
459:audio CDs
439:streaming
419:Microsoft
403:Bluetooth
374:over the
267:Help desk
244:Ticketing
71:instantly
6058:Software
6053:Sideblog
6036:Database
5919:Webcomic
5823:Standard
5789:Livemark
5740:Web feed
5735:RDF feed
5707:Memetics
5661:Rollback
5646:Pingback
5631:Linkback
5624:Features
5446:Vlogging
5436:Blogging
5184:channels
5035:Teletext
4952:25 March
4933:25 March
4857:Archived
4811:Archived
4791:Archived
4771:Archived
4751:Archived
4731:Archived
4710:Archived
4684:Archived
4680:Biteable
4654:Archived
4587:Archived
4557:Archived
4526:Archived
4500:Archived
4498:. NASA.
4474:Archived
4450:Archived
4308:25734187
4178:Archived
4148:Archived
4109:Archived
3961:Archived
3957:IFPI.org
3931:Archived
3900:Archived
3896:BBC News
3875:12 March
3836:11 March
3830:Archived
3806:11 March
3800:Archived
3755:Archived
3731:11 March
3722:Archived
3699:11 March
3693:Archived
3664:11 March
3658:Archived
3631:11 March
3625:Archived
3590:11 March
3584:Archived
3580:Lifewire
3531:11 March
3500:11 March
3494:Archived
3380:Archived
3343:Archived
3313:Archived
3280:Archived
3247:Archived
3214:Archived
3121:Archived
3090:Archived
3057:Archived
3055:. RIAA.
3034:30 April
2857:61039780
2793:Archived
2747:Archived
2683:Archived
2650:Archived
2616:Archived
2566:Archived
2543:61767197
2433:Archived
2257:Smart TV
2163:See also
2071:trailers
1919:(RTSP),
1901:Datagram
1811:such as
1791:include
1771:include
1723:bit rate
1678:Jellyfin
1643:podcasts
1600:freemium
1530:sampling
1526:fair use
1456:(2000),
1454:LimeWire
1253:Niconico
1201:Pluto TV
997:and the
815:Internet
787:Ethernet
722:and the
716:baseball
704:152 × 76
638:SD video
626:CD audio
376:Internet
178:Pharmacy
143:Auctions
117:Software
75:internet
6167:Related
6126:Hashtag
6116:AtomPub
6031:Citizen
6021:Fiction
5924:Webtoon
5656:Refback
5603:General
5583:Warblog
5573:Reverse
5568:Project
5538:Lifelog
5518:Fashion
5498:Edublog
5432:History
5077:Webcast
5050:Digital
5018:Digital
4906:. CNBC.
4863:28 July
4299:4334929
4257:1742312
3490:Fortune
3023:YouTube
3002:23 July
2947:DM News
2799:23 July
2389:. 2012.
2095:Disney+
2087:Netflix
2032:YouTube
1947:Unicast
1913:dropout
1738:Unicast
1639:YouTube
1572:Spotify
1420:Napster
1401:Napster
1395:Netflix
1197:Peacock
1189:Netflix
1169:Disney+
1140:of the
1101:Peacock
1089:Disney+
1073:Netflix
995:Peak TV
877:YouTube
748:Seattle
648:video.
600:Kalpana
585:CD-ROMs
539:History
449:(e.g.,
441:(e.g.,
383:offline
350:from a
348:packets
344:network
239:Payment
168:Grocery
148:Banking
67:YouTube
6131:NewsML
6099:Search
6094:Review
5840:Usenet
5794:Mashup
5777:Social
5768:RSS TV
5758:GeoRSS
5682:Thread
5578:Travel
5558:Police
5528:Health
5513:Family
5040:Analog
4999:Medium
4849:
4553:Forbes
4421:
4398:
4390:
4306:
4296:
4255:
4245:
3994:
3796:Forbes
3761:11 May
3619:
3422:15 May
2908:
2881:10 May
2855:
2845:
2771:
2727:
2594:
2541:
2531:
2466:
2307:
2118:search
2093:, and
2024:Twitch
1915:. The
1893:FFmpeg
1777:Vorbis
1590:, and
1576:Deezer
1496:, and
1490:Eminem
1316:, 2018
1231:, and
1225:Amazon
887:, and
827:Nasdaq
811:TCP/IP
738:, and
678:, and
672:TCP/IP
642:
634:
622:Mbit/s
619:
469:, and
393:and a
370:, and
356:client
352:server
221:Wallet
188:Travel
6104:Video
6000:Media
5461:Types
5109:niche
5073:radio
5045:Cable
5013:Cable
4624:(PDF)
4613:(PDF)
4480:3 May
4396:S2CID
4355:8 May
4321:2009.
4253:S2CID
4174:Cisco
4084:5 May
3927:CISAC
3869:(PDF)
3858:(PDF)
3725:(PDF)
3718:(PDF)
3346:(PDF)
3339:(PDF)
3060:(PDF)
3053:(PDF)
2902:Wired
2853:S2CID
2539:S2CID
2473:5 May
2460:Slate
2406:5 May
2387:(PDF)
2334:(PDF)
2316:5 May
2247:P2PTV
1860:cloud
1854:over
1793:H.264
1476:, or
1221:Apple
1205:Star+
1177:ESPN+
853:Apple
835:Cisco
761:–led
732:Slash
695:Mbone
524:Muzak
451:books
443:radio
354:to a
112:Ebook
6111:Atom
6089:Poll
6084:News
5868:Form
5855:XOXO
5850:XBEL
5830:OPML
5763:MRSS
5641:Ping
5548:News
5523:Food
5508:Fake
5071:and
4954:2016
4935:2016
4865:2019
4847:ISBN
4692:2022
4662:2022
4632:2022
4595:2022
4565:2020
4534:2016
4508:2016
4482:2012
4419:ISBN
4388:ISSN
4357:2017
4304:PMID
4280:2015
4243:ISBN
4216:2015
4186:2020
4156:2020
4117:2016
4086:2024
4060:2023
4035:2023
4010:2021
3992:ISSN
3969:2021
3939:2021
3908:2021
3877:2019
3838:2019
3808:2019
3763:2020
3733:2019
3701:2019
3666:2019
3633:2019
3617:ISSN
3592:2019
3558:2023
3533:2019
3502:2019
3472:2019
3443:: 4.
3424:2013
3388:2018
3354:2015
3321:2023
3288:2023
3255:2022
3222:2022
3189:2021
3129:2017
3098:2017
3068:2017
3036:2012
3004:2011
2977:2018
2917:2022
2906:ISSN
2883:2017
2843:ISBN
2801:2011
2769:ISBN
2725:ISBN
2691:2020
2658:2020
2624:2020
2574:2020
2529:ISBN
2517:IEEE
2475:2024
2464:ISSN
2441:2019
2408:2024
2341:2024
2318:2024
2305:ISBN
2151:For
2116:and
2091:Hulu
1886:and
1872:RTSP
1856:HTTP
1833:RTMP
1829:ISMA
1821:WebM
1803:and
1797:HEVC
1785:Opus
1783:and
1703:Roku
1666:DLNA
1641:and
1543:The
1422:, a
1361:The
1354:and
1323:live
1296:G.hn
1294:and
1233:Tubi
1229:Roku
1181:Hulu
1161:BET+
1081:Hulu
962:Eras
906:The
680:HTML
676:HTTP
563:and
417:and
391:DLNA
39:DLNA
5750:RSS
5543:MP3
5533:Law
5473:Art
4837:doi
4380:doi
4294:PMC
4284:doi
4235:doi
3862:GMR
3209:CNN
3158:doi
2835:doi
2521:doi
2364:doi
2297:doi
2231:M3U
1870:or
1868:MMS
1844:HLS
1837:RTP
1835:or
1827:or
1825:ASF
1817:FLV
1813:MP4
1805:VP9
1801:VP8
1781:AAC
1773:MP3
1680:or
1498:TLC
1478:EMI
1428:MP3
1380:DVD
1325:or
1217:Vix
1185:Max
1085:Max
897:AAC
746:in
646:FHD
583:or
565:bus
561:CPU
6230::
6141:G2
5223:/
5199:/
5155:/
4945:.
4921:.
4893:.
4855:.
4845:.
4831:.
4678:.
4652:.
4648:.
4615:.
4585:.
4581:.
4555:.
4551:.
4524:.
4472:.
4468:.
4445::
4394:.
4386:.
4376:58
4374:.
4302:.
4292:.
4278:.
4274:.
4251:.
4241:.
4202:.
4176:.
4172:.
4146:.
4142:.
4107:.
4103:.
4077:.
4051:.
4026:.
3990:.
3986:.
3955:.
3929:.
3925:.
3898:.
3894:.
3860:.
3846:^
3824:.
3798:.
3794:.
3753:.
3749:.
3691:.
3687:.
3674:^
3652:.
3641:^
3623:.
3615:.
3609:.
3582:.
3578:.
3566:^
3549:.
3519:.
3492:.
3488:.
3458:.
3378:.
3374:.
3341:.
3311:.
3305:.
3278:.
3272:.
3245:.
3239:.
3212:.
3206:.
3180:.
3154:46
3152:.
3146:.
3115:.
3088:.
3084:.
3020:.
2963:.
2904:.
2900:.
2851:.
2841:.
2719:.
2681:.
2675:.
2648:.
2644:.
2632:^
2610:.
2564:.
2560:.
2537:.
2527:.
2515:.
2503:^
2491:.
2462:.
2458:.
2431:.
2427:.
2416:^
2360:14
2358:.
2303:,
2291:,
2089:,
1968:.
1874:.
1839:.
1823:,
1819:,
1815:,
1799:,
1795:,
1787:.
1779:,
1775:,
1742:GB
1731:MB
1709:,
1705:,
1684:.
1676:,
1645:.
1586:,
1582:,
1578:,
1574:,
1492:,
1468:,
1358:.
1346:,
1274:A
1235:.
1227:,
1223:,
1211:,
1207:,
1203:,
1199:,
1195:,
1191:,
1183:,
1175:,
1171:,
1167:,
1163:,
1099:,
1095:,
1091:,
1087:,
1083:,
1079:,
1075:,
1049:·
1003:c.
883:,
734:,
674:,
465:,
457:,
453:,
411:IP
378:.
366:,
6136:1
5414:e
5407:t
5400:v
5099:)
5075:(
4984:e
4977:t
4970:v
4956:.
4937:.
4897:.
4867:.
4839::
4694:.
4664:.
4634:.
4597:.
4567:.
4536:.
4510:.
4484:.
4427:.
4402:.
4382::
4359:.
4310:.
4286::
4259:.
4237::
4218:.
4188:.
4158:.
4119:.
4088:.
4062:.
4037:.
4012:.
3971:.
3941:.
3910:.
3879:.
3840:.
3810:.
3765:.
3735:.
3703:.
3668:.
3635:.
3594:.
3560:.
3535:.
3504:.
3474:.
3426:.
3390:.
3356:.
3323:.
3290:.
3257:.
3224:.
3191:.
3166:.
3160::
3131:.
3100:.
3070:.
3038:.
3006:.
2979:.
2919:.
2885:.
2859:.
2837::
2803:.
2777:.
2733:.
2693:.
2660:.
2626:.
2576:.
2545:.
2523::
2497:.
2477:.
2443:.
2410:.
2370:.
2366::
2343:.
2299::
1312:—
1053:)
1008:)
939:.
932:.
320:e
313:t
306:v
48:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.