53:
1165:
Proponents of functional medicine oppose established medical knowledge and reject its models, instead adopting a model of disease based on the notion of "antecedents", "triggers", and "mediators". These are meant to correspond to the underlying causes of health issues, the immediate causes, and the
1185:
and numerous imbalances in body chemistry. For instance, contrary to scientific evidence, Joe
Pizzorno, a major figure in FM, claimed that 25% of people in the United States have heavy metal poisoning and need to undergo detoxification. Many scientists state that such
1145:
Functional medicine was created by
Jeffrey Bland, who founded The Institute for Functional Medicine (IFM) in the early 1990s as part of one of his companies, HealthComm. IFM, which promotes functional medicine, became a registered non-profit in 2001.
1429:
1399:
1161:
has written that FM is not well-defined and performs "expensive and generally unnecessary tests". Gorski says FM's vagueness is a deliberate tactic that makes functional medicine difficult to challenge.
1201:
for functional medicine courses, having identified some of its treatments as "harmful and dangerous". In 2018, it partly lifted the ban, but only to allow overview classes, not to teach its practice.
1628:
1454:
1425:
1387:
1166:
particular characteristics of a person's illness. A functional medicine practitioner devises a "matrix" from these factors to serve as the basis for treatment.
1106:
1618:
17:
1564:
500:
1763:
1134:, and at its essence a rebranding of complementary and alternative medicine. In the United States, FM practices have been ruled ineligible for
1658:
1355:"Quackademia update: The Cleveland Clinic, George Washington University, and the continued infiltration of quackery into medical academia"
1099:
175:
1509:
220:
1426:"AAFP should publish research behind finding that functional medicine lacks evidence, contains harmful and dangerous practices"
789:
95:
1544:
1194:
1187:
1139:
1092:
749:
314:
1690:
744:
739:
590:
393:
700:
77:
1246:
1181:
FM practitioners claim to diagnose and treat conditions that have been found by research studies not to exist, such as
806:
673:
245:
1130:
that encompasses a number of unproven and disproven methods and treatments. It has been described as pseudoscience,
1768:
1078:
1048:
1592:
1010:
990:
200:
84:
72:
732:
960:
828:
818:
707:
663:
1791:
1212:
was described by David Gorski as an "unfortunate" example of quackery infiltrating academic medical centers.
1063:
230:
190:
36:
1209:
1000:
925:
905:
833:
779:
1527:
Gorski DH (2018). "Chapter 14: 'Integrative' Medicine: Integrating
Quackery with Science-Based Medicine".
1327:
950:
868:
485:
368:
1272:
490:
309:
235:
759:
373:
319:
1388:"AAFP: Functional Medicine lacks supporting evidence; includes 'harmful' and 'dangerous' treatments"
1038:
205:
1650:
1170:
754:
712:
640:
520:
155:
1786:
1623:
1569:
1395:
1359:
1354:
1241:
695:
685:
580:
1536:
1796:
1073:
680:
610:
450:
250:
115:
1127:
1043:
772:
555:
418:
346:
294:
215:
122:
67:
44:
8:
1147:
690:
475:
165:
1308:
1190:
supplements are a waste of time and money. Detox has been also called "mass delusion".
1058:
1033:
970:
668:
495:
403:
383:
363:
289:
1725:
1619:"Functional medicine: Reams of useless tests in one hand, a huge invoice in the other"
1737:
1729:
1540:
1455:"Functional medicine: Is it the future of healthcare or just another wellness trend?"
843:
600:
565:
470:
408:
356:
257:
1721:
1532:
1481:
1205:
858:
620:
480:
267:
1565:"Functional medicine: The ultimate misnomer in the world of integrative medicine"
1299:
1268:
1232:
1182:
1028:
985:
570:
560:
435:
398:
336:
304:
299:
272:
210:
180:
1680:
1764:"Bill and Hillary Clinton go woo with Dr. Mark Hyman and 'functional medicine'"
1005:
878:
645:
630:
545:
465:
460:
1780:
1733:
1297:
Pal, SK (March 2002). "Complementary and alternative medicine: An overview".
1236:
1198:
1135:
940:
915:
823:
813:
625:
540:
455:
378:
341:
284:
262:
150:
100:
1759:
1741:
1560:
1350:
1158:
995:
965:
838:
717:
605:
530:
430:
425:
331:
326:
277:
240:
185:
170:
955:
873:
585:
510:
505:
445:
225:
195:
145:
140:
105:
1312:
1053:
550:
535:
525:
413:
160:
110:
975:
935:
910:
615:
575:
440:
52:
1169:
Treatments, practices, and concepts are generally not supported by
1131:
888:
796:
635:
89:
980:
898:
863:
853:
595:
1068:
893:
848:
515:
945:
920:
801:
351:
930:
784:
1685:
883:
1204:
The opening of centers for functional medicine at the
1593:"Therapies and Theories Outside Traditional Medicine"
1712:Dixon, Bernard (2005). ""Detox", a mass delusion".
1150:became an IFM board member and prominent promoter.
1510:"Institute for Functional Medicine 2001 tax forms"
1328:"Functional Medicine: Pseudoscientific Silliness"
1778:
1529:Pseudoscience: The Conspiracy Against Science
1345:
1343:
1341:
1100:
1504:
1502:
1482:"Some Notes on Jeffrey Bland and Metagenics"
1237:"Functional Medicine – New Kid on the Block"
1651:"Adrenal Fatigue | Hormone Health Network"
1553:
1338:
1227:
1225:
1107:
1093:
176:Association for Research and Enlightenment
1499:
1423:
1385:
1334:. Vol. 22, no. 1. pp. 4–5.
1142:because of concerns they may be harmful.
1449:
1447:
1590:
1584:
1537:10.7551/mitpress/9780262037426.003.0014
1480:Barrett, Stephen (September 11, 2013).
1479:
1473:
1267:
1261:
1231:
1222:
14:
1779:
1758:
1693:from the original on February 13, 2021
1616:
1559:
1526:
1419:
1417:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1349:
1273:"Functional Medicine (FM) What Is It?"
27:Alternative medicine and pseudoscience
1711:
1661:from the original on October 20, 2020
1631:from the original on November 1, 2020
1610:
1444:
1402:from the original on October 15, 2019
1195:American Academy of Family Physicians
1140:American Academy of Family Physicians
1325:
1617:Gorski, David (December 17, 2018).
1414:
1374:
1296:
24:
1752:
1681:"Scientists dismiss detox schemes"
1520:
1432:from the original on June 12, 2019
25:
1808:
1249:from the original on May 22, 2011
246:Chiropractic treatment techniques
18:Institute for Functional Medicine
1049:Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
51:
1705:
1673:
1643:
1531:. MIT Press. pp. 309–330.
85:Alternative veterinary medicine
1714:The Lancet Infectious Diseases
1424:Bellamy J (October 27, 2018).
1386:Bellamy J (October 26, 2017).
1319:
1290:
1153:
708:Water fluoridation controversy
664:Big Pharma conspiracy theories
13:
1:
1726:10.1016/s1473-3099(05)70094-3
1215:
1079:Wilson's temperature syndrome
1064:Multiple chemical sensitivity
191:Biological terrain assessment
1591:Knott L (February 6, 2015).
1210:George Washington University
1176:
7:
740:Alternative medical systems
369:Fabunan Antiviral Injection
135:Fringe medicine and science
10:
1813:
1428:. Science-Based-Medicine.
750:Biologically based therapy
310:Dental amalgam controversy
374:Facilitated communication
1039:Candida hypersensitivity
221:Fake COVID-19 treatments
35:This article is part of
1720:(5). Elsevier BV: 261.
713:COVID-19 misinformation
641:Young blood transfusion
521:Orthomolecular medicine
486:Mind–body interventions
156:Anthroposophic medicine
96:Rise of modern medicine
1769:Science-Based Medicine
1624:Science-Based Medicine
1570:Science-Based Medicine
1396:Science-Based Medicine
1360:Science-Based Medicine
1353:(September 29, 2014).
1326:Hall, Harriet (2017).
1277:Science Based Medicine
1242:Science-Based Medicine
745:Mind–body intervention
696:MMR vaccine and autism
686:Vaccine misinformation
581:Rapid prompting method
1074:Vertebral subluxation
1023:Alternative diagnoses
611:Thought Field Therapy
251:Vertebral subluxation
1792:Alternative medicine
1235:(October 30, 2008).
1128:alternative medicine
1044:Chronic Lyme disease
773:Traditional medicine
755:Manipulative methods
556:Postural Integration
419:Bach flower remedies
295:Craniosacral therapy
123:Therapeutic nihilism
68:Alternative medicine
45:Alternative medicine
1689:. January 3, 2006.
1120:Functional medicine
691:Vaccines and autism
681:Anti-vaccinationism
674:OPV AIDS hypothesis
476:Megavitamin therapy
389:Functional medicine
166:Applied kinesiology
62:General information
1762:(April 14, 2014).
1563:(April 11, 2016).
1461:. October 23, 2018
1059:Leaky gut syndrome
1034:Aerotoxic syndrome
971:Prophetic medicine
669:HIV/AIDS denialism
496:Myofascial release
404:Holistic dentistry
384:Feldenkrais Method
364:Estrogen dominance
290:Conversion therapy
1546:978-0-262-03742-6
1117:
1116:
844:Chinese herbology
601:Scientific racism
566:Psychodermatology
471:Medical intuitive
451:Lightning Process
409:Hologram bracelet
357:Therapeutic touch
258:Christian Science
231:Cancer treatments
16:(Redirected from
1804:
1773:
1746:
1745:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1647:
1641:
1640:
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1636:
1614:
1608:
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1605:
1603:
1588:
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1551:
1550:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1506:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1451:
1442:
1441:
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1437:
1421:
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1409:
1407:
1383:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1347:
1336:
1335:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1271:(July 9, 2009).
1269:Sampson, Wallace
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1233:Sampson, Wallace
1229:
1206:Cleveland Clinic
1171:medical evidence
1109:
1102:
1095:
859:Gill plate trade
621:Vaginal steaming
268:Colloidal silver
236:Charcoal cleanse
55:
32:
31:
21:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1777:
1776:
1755:
1753:Further reading
1750:
1749:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1662:
1655:www.hormone.org
1649:
1648:
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1634:
1632:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
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1585:
1575:
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1558:
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1547:
1525:
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1474:
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1435:
1433:
1422:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1384:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1348:
1339:
1324:
1320:
1300:Current Science
1295:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1230:
1223:
1218:
1183:adrenal fatigue
1179:
1156:
1126:) is a form of
1113:
1084:
1083:
1029:Adrenal fatigue
1024:
1016:
1015:
790:Southern Africa
775:
765:
764:
735:
733:Classifications
725:
724:
701:in chiropractic
659:
651:
650:
571:Quantum healing
561:Psychic surgery
436:Ionized jewelry
399:Herbal medicine
347:Esoteric energy
337:Energy medicine
305:Cupping therapy
300:Crystal healing
273:Colon cleansing
211:Bowen technique
181:Auriculotherapy
136:
128:
127:
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1810:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1775:
1774:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1704:
1672:
1642:
1609:
1583:
1552:
1545:
1519:
1516:. May 9, 2013.
1498:
1472:
1443:
1413:
1373:
1337:
1318:
1289:
1260:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1199:course credits
1178:
1175:
1155:
1152:
1136:course credits
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1089:
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933:
928:
923:
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903:
902:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
879:Pressure point
876:
871:
866:
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856:
851:
846:
841:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
810:
809:
804:
794:
793:
792:
787:
776:
771:
770:
767:
766:
763:
762:
760:Energy therapy
757:
752:
747:
742:
736:
731:
730:
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723:
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721:
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703:
698:
693:
688:
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677:
676:
666:
660:
657:
656:
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652:
649:
648:
646:Zero balancing
643:
638:
633:
631:Vision therapy
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
546:Parapsychology
543:
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533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
466:Manual therapy
463:
461:Magnet therapy
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
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406:
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366:
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315:Detoxification
312:
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92:(health fraud)
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64:
61:
60:
57:
56:
48:
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41:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1809:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1787:Pseudoscience
1785:
1784:
1782:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1760:Gorski, David
1757:
1756:
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1572:
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1566:
1562:
1561:Gorski, David
1556:
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1503:
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1401:
1397:
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1380:
1378:
1362:
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1356:
1352:
1351:Gorski, David
1346:
1344:
1342:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1307:(5): 518–24.
1306:
1302:
1301:
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1274:
1270:
1264:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1193:In 2014, the
1191:
1189:
1184:
1174:
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1167:
1163:
1160:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1141:
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1103:
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1088:
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1080:
1077:
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1037:
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1027:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1012:
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1007:
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1002:
999:
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992:
989:
987:
984:
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964:
962:
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952:
949:
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944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
916:Faith healing
914:
912:
909:
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904:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
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882:
880:
877:
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867:
865:
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860:
857:
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852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
824:Bush medicine
822:
820:
817:
815:
814:Balneotherapy
812:
808:
805:
803:
800:
799:
798:
795:
791:
788:
786:
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781:
778:
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734:
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689:
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661:
658:Controversies
655:
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632:
629:
627:
626:Vegetotherapy
624:
622:
619:
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572:
569:
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559:
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552:
549:
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542:
541:Ozone therapy
539:
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527:
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522:
519:
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456:Lymphotherapy
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394:Hair analysis
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379:FasciaBlaster
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342:Correactology
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285:Colorpuncture
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263:Chromotherapy
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966:Naftalan oil
839:Blood stasis
718:Turbo cancer
606:ThetaHealing
531:Osteomyology
431:Hypnotherapy
426:Hydrotherapy
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327:Dry needling
278:Coffee enema
241:Chiropractic
206:Bone-setting
186:Bates method
171:Aromatherapy
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1635:October 30,
1465:February 7,
1459:independent
1436:October 15,
1406:October 15,
1366:December 2,
1154:Description
956:Mien Shiang
874:Moxibustion
586:Reflexology
511:Oil pulling
506:Naturopathy
446:Jilly Juice
226:Camel urine
196:Black salve
146:Acupuncture
141:Acupressure
106:Antiscience
78:Terminology
1781:Categories
1514:ProPublica
1486:Quackwatch
1216:References
1148:Mark Hyman
1054:Heavy legs
1011:Vietnamese
991:Sri Lankan
551:Phrenology
536:Osteopathy
526:Orthopathy
414:Homeopathy
320:Foot detox
216:Breathwork
161:Apitherapy
116:Scientific
111:Skepticism
1734:1473-3099
1197:withdrew
1177:Reception
976:Shamanism
961:Mongolian
936:Kayakalpa
911:Curandero
829:Cambodian
819:Brazilian
616:Urophagia
576:Radionics
481:Mesmerism
441:Iridology
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1697:March 6,
1691:Archived
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1629:Archived
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1491:April 5,
1430:Archived
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1253:March 6,
1247:Archived
1132:quackery
946:Japanese
889:San Jiao
869:Meridian
797:Ayurveda
636:Vitalism
201:Bodywork
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1597:Patient
1332:Skeptic
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1138:by the
1001:Tibetan
981:Shiatsu
926:Iranian
906:Chumash
899:Zang-fu
864:Long gu
854:Gua sha
834:Chinese
780:African
596:Rolfing
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1069:PANDAS
986:Siddha
951:Korean
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516:Orgone
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1188:detox
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1730:ISSN
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1667:2020
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1604:2015
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1541:ISBN
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1438:2019
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1368:2016
1284:2014
1255:2024
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