1537:, Emmanuel de Roux challenged Ndiaye's repeated claims that Gorée, at the so-called "Maison des Esclaves", was an important slave depot (which was largely based on the false interpretations of French visitors in the 18–19th century and afterwards). De Roux based his critique on the works of the researchers Abdoulaye Camara and Father Joseph-Roger de Benoist. According to historical accounts, no more than 500 slaves per year were traded there, a trickle in comparison to the scale of the slave trade along the coasts of modern-day Benin, Guinee and Angola: in total 4–5% (or around 500 000) of the slaves were shipped from Senegal to the Americas, whereas the remaining 11.5 million enslaved Africans came from the other (West) African shores. Ndiaye's graphic descriptions of the conditions of the slaves allegedly kept at the "Maison des Esclaves" are not supported by any historical documentation and according to De Roux, they may have served to drum up business, especially from African-American tourists. In response to these accusations, several Senegalese and European researchers convened a symposium at the Sorbonne in April 1997, entitled "
1518:
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1505:), made of stone or brick, contrasted with the structures built by the Africans made of straw and mud. This contrast aided in the segregation and status separation between the Africans and the European inhabitants and followed the common association that masonry was a European influence. However, the construction of these architectural buildings were most likely built by the slaves, and without floor plans, as indicated by the haphazard city layout and irregular angles in the rooms. Settlement analysis demonstrates the possibility that with time, the masters' and the enslaved peoples' statuses evened out enough to work and live side by side on the island by the second half of the eighteenth century.
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the eighteenth century and shows frequent building up and tearing down processes. This could be correlated to the extensive settlement of this area maybe by domestic slaves beginning in the eighteenth century. Quartier
Bambara was a segregated settlement, which suggests domestic slavery rather than exportation. The maps of this settlement has segregated boundary lines that eventually, by the mid-eighteenth century, were shown to be reduced. Found in the center of the island, Bambara was inhabited by the Bambara people. The
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trade for touristic reasons. This was spearheaded by the
Senegalese government, begun under President Léopold Sédar Senghor, who had tasked his special appointee Ndiaye with this goal. In 2013, journalist Jean Luc Angrand chronicled how Ndiaye began his lobbying campaign among African-American communities in the US, as he tried to capitalize on their desire to look for their own heritage in Africa that arose in the 1970s. This interest surged after the impact of the TV series
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European ruler at the time. However, this evidence of development too show results of the consequences from contemporary activity, thus it is an intricate puzzle to determine complex social identities and groups, such as slave or free or
African or Afro-European. An overall deduction can be made however: Atlantic trade significantly impacts the lives of those on Gorée, seen in the influx of ideas, complex identities and settlement structure.
1376:. In this article, Thiaw discusses the difference between the historical accounts full of slavery and shackles and the lack of archaeological evidence to support those accounts. Raina Croff, one of Thiaw's colleagues, states that she personally has never found any evidence of slavery on Gorée Island, however she also includes that archaeological evidence such as shackles and chains would not be found on an island, because there is no need.
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possibly due to a mighty termite invasion. There is no archaeological or physical evidence of a struggle or conflict between the eventual
Europeans or any other cultural group. Thiaw's hypothesis suggest the possibility that when the Portuguese used the island to bury their dead, the island, in the eyes of the natives, became haunted or was negatively impacted by the mysterious powers of the spirits of the sea.
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found through excavation and testing. The first kinds of deposition are located on the northwestern and western part of the island, and were typically three metres of domestic debris and shell midden. Surrounding the area that was once Fort Nassau, these depositions were determined in correlation with Fort Nassau activity, which was seen to be relatively unfluctuating.
1228:) also contributed to archaeological research at Gorée through a study of local and introduced trees and shrubs, which aids in identifying the ancient plant remains found in the excavations. Excavations at Gorée have also uncovered numerous European imports: bricks, nails, bottles from alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer and other liquor, beads, ceramics and
1462:, which can clearly be associated with the confinement of the slaves to be exported. Historian Ana Lucia Araujo has said "it’s not a real place from where real people left in the numbers they say." Conversely, UNESCO claims that "from the 15th to 19th century, Gorée was the largest slave trading centre on the African coast."
1544:
Recently, Hamady Bocoum et
Bernard Toulier published an article "The Fabrication of Heritage: the case of Gorée (Senegal)" (in French: "La fabrication du Patrimoine : l’exemple de Gorée (Sénégal)") documenting the elevation of Gorée to an emotionally charged memorial of the transatlantic slave
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Atlantic trade also influenced the physiological aspects of Gorean society. Archaeology has uncovered a plethora of evidence for massive imports of alcoholic beverages on the island. The massive import of alcoholic beverages naturally suggests a high level of consumption which its effects have been
1351:
G13, a site located on the eastern side of the island, has produced cultural debris from one of its trash pits. This debris includes nails, European late pearlware and early whiteware with similar patterns dating from 1810 to 1849, sardine cans, and window glass, among other artifacts. Located near
1322:
Deposits of the pre-European period are dense with pottery decorated with twine and fish vertebrae motifs and could be found in the domestic settlement context, under or at the same levels of floors and fireplaces. The pottery near the settlements suggests that these settlements were semi-permanent
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and his officers sent ashore a few officers to leave peace offerings to the natives of the island. They deposited on Gorée soil a cake, a mirror and a piece of paper with a cross drawn on it, all of which were intended to be symbols for peaceful actions. However, the
Africans did not respond in the
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In 1891, Gorée still had 2,100 inhabitants, while Dakar only had 8,737 inhabitants. However, by 1926 the population of Gorée had declined to only 700 inhabitants, while the population of Dakar had increased to 33,679 inhabitants. Thus, in 1929 the commune of Gorée was merged with Dakar. The commune
2449:
This number should be viewed merely as an average of the estimates that range from 10 to 14 million people, given by researchers. A somewhat lower estimate of 9,566,100 people (who ultimately landed in the
Americas) was calculated by Noel Deerr and adopted by Philip D. Curtin (1922–2009) in his
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On the southcentral end of Gorée, in the
Bambara quarter, although less abundant in artifacts, the deposits from this area differ in sediment inclusions from the rest of the island. Inclusions such as limestone, red bricks, shell, or stones in these two to three meter depositions are no older than
1367:
or unintentional site destruction. The
European government imposed strict rules regarding the use of space and overall settlement development on the island. Archaeology shows this development in the soil; the constructions, levelling, reconstructions, some of which can be linked to a change in the
1343:
There is some textual evidence that states that the Dutch purchased the island from the chief of Dakar or from local fisherman on the island. While there is little archaeological evidence of this transaction, all
European deposits are relatively abundant. On Gorée there are four distinct deposits
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The Gorée Archaeological Project, or GAP, started its undertakings (survey, testing, mapping, and excavations) in 2001. The project, extending over a period of several years, aimed to collect artifacts pertaining to the historical time periods of the pre- and post- European settlement, as well as
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As the trade in slaves declined in the late eighteenth century, Gorée converted to legitimate commerce. The tiny city and port were ill-situated for the shipment of industrial quantities of peanuts, which began arriving in bulk from the mainland. Consequently, its merchants established a presence
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Due to a plethora of features containing ritual pots found in the core of the pre European settlement, Thiaw has concluded that the island may have been primarily used for ritual activity and practices. Nevertheless, abandonment is archaeologically evident by the middle of the fifteenth century,
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This historical site is a rare example of a European colony where we see free and enslaved Africans (making up half of Gorée's population), Europeans and Afro-Europeans living alongside each other, even as the island was a prominent center in the Atlantic slave trade. Archaeology on Gorée Island
925:
wrote of the school "On the picturesque island of Goree whose ancient ramparts face modern and commercial Dakar I saw two or three hundred fine black boys of high school rank gathered in from all Senegal by competitive tests and taught thoroughly by excellent French teachers in accordance with a
1023:. Dakar, on the mainland, was part of the commune of Gorée, whose administration was located on the island. However, as early as 1887, Dakar was detached from the commune of Gorée and was turned into a commune in its own right. Thus, the commune of Gorée became limited to its tiny island.
1347:
A rare deposition was found near the Castel at G18, the sole site excavated in the area. Depositions in this area were typically shallow and right on top of a limestone bedrock. However, this one site produced three burials, all of which were dug into the limestone bedrock.
667:
Peninsula. Now part of the city of Dakar, it was a minor port and site of European settlement along the coast. Being almost devoid of drinking water, the island was not settled before the arrival of Europeans. The island of Gorée was one of the first places in
373:
Its population as of the 2013 census was 1,680 inhabitants, giving a density of 5,802 inhabitants per square kilometre (15,030/sq mi), which is only half the average density of the city of Dakar. Gorée is both the smallest and the least populated of the 19
1352:
the military barracks from a military occupation in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the analysis of these ceramics suggests that many of them were replacements coinciding with the occupation. Deposits like this were not common around the island.
776:. Apart from slaves, beeswax, hides and grain were also traded. The population of the island fluctuated according to circumstances, from a few hundred free Africans and Creoles to about 1,500. There would have been few European residents at any one time.
1172:
from 1902 to 1907. The Gorée Castle and the seventeenth-century Gorée Police Station, formerly a dispensary, believed to be the site of the first chapel built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, and the beach are also of interest to tourists.
856:, France abolished slavery, and the slave trade from Senegal was said to have stopped. A French engraving of about 1797 (pictured) shows it still going on, but this may be an anachronism. In April 1801, Gorée was captured by the British again.
741:, the island remained chiefly French until 1960. There were brief periods of British occupation during the various wars fought by France and Britain. The island was notably taken and occupied by the British between 1758 and 1763 following the
926:
curriculum which, as far as it went, was equal to that of any European school," while faulting Colonial France for how limited its public education infrastructure was in the country overall and expressing pessimism about further investment.
1429:
to suggest a "large-scale trans-Atlantic slave trade" economy. According to census records obtained from the 18th century, the majority of enslaved population fell under the category of domestic slaves, rather than slaves to be exported.
1190:
leads to many contradictory and contrasting conclusions. On one end of the spectrum, enslaved peoples on Gorée were treated poorly, like animals, on the other there is evidence for enslaved peoples being welcomed as part of families. The
1551:, which was most acutely felt among African-American viewers. For this reason Ndiaye exaggerated the importance of Senegal, and Gorée in particular, by claiming that no less than 20 million enslaved Africans were shipped from there.
1241:
identify the use of the different quarters on the island using the material culture excavated from those areas. In his preliminary results, Ibrahima Thiaw also discusses the difficulties of excavation on a primarily tourist island.
980:, who was able to move the audiences who visited the house with his performance. Many public personalities visit the House of Slaves, which plays the role of a site of memory of slavery. In June 2013, President of the United States
2492:
In the commemorative plaque to Ndiaye, he is thanked for his eloquence and his "efficient contribution to the cultural and touristic development of Senegal" ("contribution efficace au développement culturel et touristique du
1483:
had an unfavorable stereotype; found in the mainland of Senegal and Mali, the Bambara were known for being excellent slaves. Brought to Gorée by the French, the Bambara people were set to build roads, forts and houses.
2359:
2454:(University of Wisconsin Press, repr. 1972), p. 87 (with tallies). A high end of 15,4 million people shipped from Africa, with 13,392,000 ultimately landed in the Americas, was given by J.E. Inikori in the
1146:, since September 1978. Most of the main buildings in Gorée were constructed during the second half of the eighteenth century. The main buildings are the Slave house, 1786; William Ponty School, 1770;
1423:. Although it is the home of the infamous "Door of No Return", which is said to be the last place exported slaves touched African soil for the rest of their lives, there is little evidence at
1436:
and his heiress may have had domestic slaves, but again there is little archaeological evidence that they were involved in any slave exportation business. Despite this lack of evidence,
934:
Gorée is connected to the mainland by regular 30-minute ferry service, for pedestrians only; there are no cars on the island. Senegal's premier tourist site, the island was listed as a
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or permanent. Fishing tools and equipment were rare although deposits were dense with fish remains. There was also no sign of iron or its usage before the eighteenth century.
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who displayed resilience by attempting to swim towards freedom. It has been a recurring event throughout its history, except in 2020 and 2021 when it was cancelled due to the
914:, a government teachers' college run by the French Colonial Government. Many of the school's graduates would one day lead the struggle for independence from France. In 1925
2257:
Thiaw, Ibrahima (2011). "Digging on Contested Grounds: Archaeology and the Commemoration of Slavery on Gorée Island, Senegal". In Okamura, Katsuyuki; Matsuda, Akira (eds.).
2599:
903:(served 1914 to 1934), was born on Gorée. From a peak of about 4,500 in 1845, the population fell to 1,500 in 1904. In 1940 Gorée was annexed to the municipality of Dakar.
801:, community of merchants with links to similar communities in Saint-Louis and the Gambia, and across the Atlantic to France's colonies in the Americas. Métis women, called
2467:
In fact, Ndiaye probably relied on the unsubstantiated descriptions of his former boss, Pierre André Cariou, the Breton army doctor of the French marine, who wrote his
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desired way and tore up the paper and smashed the cake and the mirror, thus setting the tone for future relations between the Portuguese and Africans of Gorée Island.
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2568:
1315:
According to preliminary results by Ibrahim Thiaw, the levels between the pre and post European contact deposits were characterized by an obvious infestation of
1299:(Christianized Africans), and a quarter for the residents of Gorée, including free Africans. By the later half of the 18th century, the segregation was between
1607:
Gorée Island has been featured in many songs, due to its history related to the slave trade. The following songs have significant references to Gorée Island:
945:
to the slave trade. Many of the historic commercial and residential buildings have been turned into restaurants and hotels to support the tourist traffic.
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served as Lieutenant-Governor there, who had some of his men unlawfully flogged to death in 1782; for these crimes, Wall was later executed in England.
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1895:
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and his crew were the first to make Afro-European relations with Gorée Island in 1445. After sighting Gorée approximately three kilometres (1.9
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With the foundation of Dakar in 1857, Gorée gradually lost its importance. In 1872, the French colonial authorities created the two communes of
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recorded as drunken conflicts, commonly between the military inhabitants. The previously mentioned Dr Ibrahima Thiaw is also the author of
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335:, Senegal. It is an 18.2-hectare (45-acre) island located 2 kilometres (1.1 nmi; 1.2 mi) at sea from the main harbour of Dakar (
2837:
909:
1935:
1517:
1319:. One interpretation of this is the possibility that these termite nests were cause of the abandonment of Gorée before Dutch arrival.
2505:
Gorée et l'esclavage : actes du Séminaire sur "Gorée dans la traite atlantique : mythes et réalités (Gorée, 7-8 avril 1997)
1827:
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1565:, some English news sources, such as the BBC, still cling to the invented narrative of Gorée as a major center of the slave trade.
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1038:. The commune of Dakar, deemed too large and too populated to be properly managed by a central municipality, was divided into 19
2744:
Femmes d'influence. Les signares de Saint-Louis du Sénégal et de Gorée XVIIIe-XIXe siècle. Étude critique d'une identité métisse
703:
After the decline of the slave trade from Senegal in the 1770s and 1780s, the town became an important port for the shipment of
1169:
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Araujo, Ana Lucia. Public Memory of Slavery: Victims and Perpetrators in the South Atlantic (Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2010)
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owned ships and property and commanded male clerks. They were also famous for cultivating fashion and entertainment. One such
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1600:
757:. For a brief time between 1779 and 1783, Gorée was again under British control, until ceded again to France in 1783 at the
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Although several English-written media sources have reported on the invented history of Gorée, notably John Murphy in the
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870:, Napoleon definitively abolished the slave trade to build relations with Great Britain. This time, abolition continued.
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Gorée is a small island 900 metres (3,000 ft) in length and 350 metres (1,150 ft) in width sheltered by the
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Archaeological research on Gorée has been undertaken by Dr Ibrahima Thiaw (Associate Professor of Archaeology at the
860:
1176:
1363:
As with many archaeological sites around the globe, modern influences and activities affect the sites and lead to
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has become a pilgrimage site to commemorate forcible removal of Africans from their homeland, also known as the
1335:
17:
3018:
2078:
Araujo, Ana Lucia. Shadows of the Slave Past: Memory, Heritage, and Slavery (New York: Routledge, 2014), 57–65.
1954:
A New Geographical, Historical and Commercial Grammar and Present State of the Several Kingdoms of the World, 2
815:
descendants of African women and European traders, were especially important to the city's business life. The
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As of the early 18th century, Gorée settlements were segregated into quarters: the Bambara quarter (slaves),
719:, and other products of the "legitimate" trade. It was probably in relation to this trade that the so-called
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The Dutch established the forts of Nassau (1628) and Orange (1639). Coloured engraving, Holland, 17th century
2877:
1770:
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destination to show the horrors of the slave trade throughout the Atlantic world. As discussed by historian
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family about 1780–1784. The House of Slaves is one of the oldest houses on the island. It is now used as a
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1999:
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1968:
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In the 1990s a debate ensued on the veracity of the Gorée slave trade as narrated by the conservator
1364:
972:, the building started gaining reputation as a slave depot mainly because of the work of its curator
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2201:
1196:(free African or Afro-European women) were recorded preferring to eat on the floor with a spoon and
1124:) democratically elected every 5 years, and by a mayor elected by members of the municipal council.
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476:
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Civic franchise for the citizens of Gorée was institutionalized in 1872, when it became a French
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in 1588, then the Portuguese again, and again the Dutch. They named it after the Dutch island of
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882:(1840) and then in Dakar (1857). Many of the established families started to leave the island.
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31:
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and Gorée, the first western-style municipalities in West Africa, with the same status as any
1979:
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2307:"What Obama really saw at the 'Door of No Return,' a disputed memorial to the slave trade"
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Digging on Contested Grounds: Archaeology and the Commemoration of Slavery on Gorée Island
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8:
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and their families and the rest of the island as well as the previous instated quarters.
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to which extensive powers were given. The commune of Dakar was maintained above these 19
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750:
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395:
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1858:""Goree and the Atlantic Slave Trade", Philip Curtin, History Net, accessed 9 July 2008"
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742:
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in the 1950s. Cariou himself may have got his background information on Gorée from the
2231:
Thiaw, Ibrahima (2003). "The Gorée Archaeological Project (GAP): Preliminary results".
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Bull. Comité d’Études historiques et scientifiques de l’Afrique Occidentale Française
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of Gorée disappeared, and Gorée was now only a small island of the commune of Dakar.
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and was one of the first 12 locations in the world to be designated as such in 1978.
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2164:"Slaves without Shackles: An Archaeology of Everyday Life on Gorée Island, Senegal"
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1994:
1973:
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1128:
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2750:: Nouvelles Éditions Maisonneuve & Larose - Hémisphères Éditions, 2019, 381 p.
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Other important centres for the slave trade from Senegal were further north, at
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2600:"The sincere fiction of Goree Island, Africa's best-known slave trade memorial"
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In the 18th and 19th century, Gorée was home to a Franco-African Creole, or
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2507:. Dakar (Senegal): Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, IFAN Ch. A. Diop.
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Schley, Jacobus van der, 1715–1779. Island of Gorée and its fortifications
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1939:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 255.
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1957:. London: Charles Dilly ... and G.G. and J. Robinson. pp. 819–820.
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of Dakar, Senegal); Dr Susan Keech McIntosh (Professor of Archaeology,
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1712:" (When I was 10 I saw Gorée, since then my tears have been eternal."
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207:
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2479:, t. XI, n°4, oct.-déc. 1928, tiré à part, p. 63; GAFFIOT, Robert.
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1983:. Vol. 52.20.1. London: Longman and company. pp. 487–488.
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1103:(town hall) in the center of the island. This had been used as the
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Gorée was principally a trading post, administratively attached to
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435:
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2090:"Senegal: Hundreds compete in Dakar to Gorée Island swimming race"
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3002:
1706:" (Gorée is my land/hometown). Also, in his song "0.9", he says "
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1302:
1158:, originally called the northern battery, which now contains the
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91:
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in 1926, or the publications of BRAU, P. L’île du sortilège".
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2360:"Le mythe de la Maison des esclaves qui résiste à la réalité"
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Bassari Country: Bassari, Fula and Bedik Cultural Landscapes
2520:"La fabrication du Patrimoine, l'exemple de Gorée (Sénégal)"
1928:
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1629:
1274:
2542:"Petite note sur la fausse "Maison des esclaves de Gorée""
2429:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 62, 66.
1896:"21 World Heritage Sites you have probably never heard of"
1709:À dix ans j'ai vu Gorée, depuis mes larmes sont eternelles
866:
In March 1815, during his political comeback known as the
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2198:
1539:
Gorée dans la traite atlantique : mythes et réalités
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La Maison des Esclaves (House of Slaves). Gorée, Senegal.
366:), famous as a destination for people interested in the
2113:. Publication of the Historical Museum. pp. 22–23.
2043:(1927 ed.). Albert and Charles Boni. p. 385.
1604:, and the Slave House itself was visited during Leg 5.
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of the former commune of Gorée between 1872 and 1929.
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settled on the island in 1444. It was captured by the
2117:
2102:
1220:, Houston, Texas); and Raina Croff (PhD candidate at
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In January 1804 a small French squadron from Curaçao
2400:
de Benoist, Joseph-Roger; Camara, Abdoulaye (2003).
2385:
de Benoist, Joseph Roger; Camara, abdoulaye (1993).
2294:. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press.
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of Gorée was resurrected, although it is now only a
497:
467:
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2128:. Publication of the Historical Museum. p. 68.
1987:
1533:. In an article, published in the French newspaper
991:was launched in 1985 as a homage to the victims of
391:, at the mouths of major rivers for trade. It is a
1998:
2727:Camara, Abdoulaye & Joseph Roger de Benoïst.
1168:(Government Palace), 1864, occupied by the first
3157:
2399:
2384:
2123:
2108:
2021:
1541:", whose proceedings were published afterwards.
1282:
1268:
810:
440:
410:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
1458:, as the name suggests, there is a presence of
1235:
891:with an elected mayor and a municipal council.
607:
579:
551:
524:
1694:(born Elie Yaffa) is from Gorée. In his song "
1446:. This contrasts with the role of the site of
1359:Artist representation of dock at Gorée in 1892
1134:
3088:
2983:
2831:
2807:, Philip Curtin, African Threads, History Net
2517:
2259:New Perspectives in Global Public Archaeology
2166:. In Lane, Paul; MacDonald, Kevin C. (eds.).
1521:A slave trader of Gorée, engraving of c. 1797
405:name Goeree, named after the Dutch island of
2776:
2740:
2725:
2387:Gorée, Guide de l'île et du Musée historique
2211:
2087:
1723:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1675:
1526:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1453:
1447:
1437:
1431:
1424:
1418:
1408:
1399:
1380:
1300:
1292:
1259:
1253:
1224:, New Haven, Connecticut). Dr Shawn Murray (
1204:
1191:
1180:
1163:
1153:
1147:
1119:
1113:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1079:(but in fact with powers quite similar to a
1074:
1068:
1051:
1045:
1039:
973:
907:
892:
886:
875:
816:
802:
720:
660:
375:
326:
302:
54:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1598:Gorée Island was the Pit Stop for Leg 4 of
685:
3095:
3081:
2990:
2976:
2838:
2824:
2088:Fisayo-Bambi, Jerry (September 25, 2023).
1310:
1118:of Gorée is ruled by a municipal council (
1094:Commune d'Arrondissement de l'île de Gorée
899:, the first African deputy elected to the
863:, but the British recaptured it in March.
418:
3176:Populated places established in the 1440s
2518:Bocoum, Hamady; Toulier, Bernard (2013).
2168:Slavery in Africa: Archaeology and Memory
1650:& Solar System– "Goree (Senegal)" on
1365:disturbances in the archaeological record
906:From 1913 to 1938, Gorée was home to the
482:
409:. The island was also known as Palma, or
401:The name is a corruption of its original
2483:. Paris : L. Fournier, 1933, p. 93.
2292:The Atlantic slave trade : a census
2261:. New York: Springer. pp. 127–138.
1967:
1923:
1913:https://doi.org/10.1177/0843871414543447
1845:
1516:
1464:
1393:
1354:
1334:
1258:(The signare of Gorée with her slaves),
1248:
1175:
1006:
843:
778:
650:
2597:
2569:"Senegal Slave House's past questioned"
2427:Senegambia and the Atlantic slave trade
2357:
2208:, Rice University, accessed 8 July 2009
1993:
1950:
1583:, the French singer, owned a home there
1050:. It coordinates the activities of the
753:before being returned to France at the
728:
696:in 1663, but it was soon recaptured by
14:
3191:Archaeological sites of Western Africa
3158:
3102:
2566:
2358:De Roux, Emmanuel (27 December 1996).
2304:
2289:
2027:
1379:
1339:Artist representation of Gorée in 1842
1330:
1032:administrative and political divisions
948:Gorée is known as the location of the
910:École normale supérieure William Ponty
3076:
2971:
2819:
2424:
2256:
2230:
2161:
1593:
1255:La Signare de Gorée avec ses esclaves
312:
27:Island and district of Dakar, Senegal
2502:
2176:10.5871/bacad/9780197264782.003.0008
2126:The Island and the Historical Museum
2111:The Island and the Historical Museum
1883:Les Guides Bleus: Afrique de l'Ouest
1589:, was partially raised on the island
1568:
1207:Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire
1182:François d'Orléans – Tam-tam à Gorée
929:
2699:. December 30, 2004. Archived from
2618:"I live in a bunker under a cannon"
1902:. Daily Telegraph. 4 February 2016.
1473:
941:in 1978. It now serves mostly as a
874:directly on the mainland, first in
130:0.28 km (0.11 sq mi)
24:
2847:Communes d'arrondissement of Dakar
2719:
2669:. December 8, 2004. Archived from
2452:The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census
2404:. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larousse.
2081:
1961:
1949:For last period, see for example,
1788:Dakar's skyline as seen from Gorée
1700:" he mentions the island, saying "
1060:coordinates the activities of the
25:
3202:
2756:
1030:In 1996, a massive reform of the
1002:
761:. During that time, the infamous
692:. The British took it over under
3060:
2956:
2789:Archaeological Research on Gorée
2735:: Maisonneuve & Larose, 2003
2041:The New Negro: An Interpretation
1826:
1817:
1805:
1793:
1781:
1769:
1277:) off the shore from modern day
636:
623:
609:
595:
581:
567:
553:
540:
526:
513:
499:
484:
469:
456:
442:
429:
331:(i.e. districts) of the city of
276:
269:
76:
64:
3186:Archaeological sites in Senegal
3171:World Heritage Sites in Senegal
2685:
2655:
2642:"Goree: Senegal's slave island"
2634:
2610:
2591:
2560:
2534:
2524:In Situ (Revue des Patrimoines)
2511:
2496:
2486:
2461:
2443:
2418:
2393:
2378:
2351:
2326:
2298:
2283:
2192:
2072:
2063:
1261:Musée de la Compagnie des Indes
1226:University of Wisconsin–Madison
1162:, built between 1852 and 1865;
3019:Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary
2567:Murphy, John (July 27, 2004).
1943:
1917:
1906:
1888:
1800:Senegalese boy on Gorée Island
1127:The current mayor of Gorée is
37:Place in Dakar Region, Senegal
13:
1:
2598:Fischer, Max (July 1, 2013).
1838:
1244:
1097:) took possession of the old
737:invasion in 1677, during the
277:
2305:Fisher, Max (28 June 2013).
2267:10.1007/978-1-4614-0341-8_10
2033:"The Negro Mind Reaches Out"
1690:The father of French rapper
1417:, was built in 1780–1784 by
1236:Gorée Archaeological Project
1160:Historical Museum of Senegal
1034:of Senegal was voted by the
918:historian, sociologist, and
852:In February 1794 during the
286:Location of Gorée in Senegal
151:6,400/km (17,000/sq mi)
7:
3181:Atlantic islands of Senegal
3046:Stone Circles of Senegambia
2693:"Amazing Race 6, Episode 5"
2663:"Amazing Race 6, Episode 4"
2503:Samb, Djibril, ed. (1997).
2009:. Vol. 3, no. 3.
1722:In 2007 the Swiss director
1214:University Cheikh Anta Diop
1170:governor-general of Senegal
1135:Archaeology of Gorée Island
960:), built by an Afro-French
10:
3207:
3036:Niokolo-Koba National Park
2878:Gueule Tapée-Fass-Colobane
2456:Journal of African History
2290:Curtin, Philip D. (1969).
1762:
1730:made a documentary called
1387:
1091:of Gorée (officially, the
837:) in the 1780s before the
179:UNESCO World Heritage Site
29:
3110:
3057:
3009:
2954:
2853:
2805:Gorée and the Slave Trade
2777:
2741:
2726:
2124:Cheikh Anta Diop (1994).
2109:Cheikh Anta Diop (1994).
1951:Guthrie, William (1798).
1724:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1676:
1614:– "Door Of No Return" on
1527:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1454:
1448:
1438:
1432:
1425:
1419:
1409:
1400:
1283:
1269:
1267:Portuguese Major Captain
1260:
1205:
1152:(Maritime museum), 1835;
1053:communes d'arrondissement
1047:communes d'arrondissement
1041:communes d'arrondissement
974:
908:
893:
876:
686:
661:
387:, or to the south in the
377:communes d'arrondissement
328:communes d'arrondissement
303:
295:
264:
225:
213:
203:
193:
185:
176:
172:
155:
147:
139:
134:
126:
121:
109:
97:
87:
75:
63:
55:
52:
42:
2425:Barry, Boubacar (1998).
2389:. Dakar: FAN-Ch.A. Diop.
2162:Thiaw, Ibrahima (2011).
1995:Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt
1115:commune d'arrondissement
1088:commune d'arrondissement
1076:commune d'arrondissement
901:French National Assembly
56:Commune d'arrondissement
1974:"Taylor, William"
1936:Encyclopædia Britannica
1558:and Max Fischer in the
1513:trading post for slaves
1311:Pre-European settlement
424:Historical affiliations
419:History and slave trade
2811:George W. Bush's visit
2481:Gorée, capitale déchue
1755:and ensemble entitled
1529:Boubacar Joseph Ndiaye
1522:
1470:
1405:
1381:
1360:
1340:
1301:
1293:
1264:
1254:
1192:
1186:
1181:
1164:
1154:
1148:
1120:
1114:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1012:
984:visited the building.
976:Boubacar Joseph Ndiaye
957:
887:
849:
817:
811:
803:
792:
759:Treaty of Paris (1783)
755:Treaty of Paris (1763)
721:
656:
648:
411:
376:
327:
322:
32:Goree (disambiguation)
1980:Royal Naval Biography
1520:
1509:Disputing Gorée as a
1468:
1398:Door of No Return at
1397:
1358:
1338:
1252:
1179:
1036:Parliament of Senegal
1010:
847:
782:
654:
426:
310:French pronunciation:
249:14.66694°N 17.39833°W
2999:World Heritage Sites
2703:on December 31, 2019
2673:on December 31, 2019
2170:. pp. 147–165.
1726:Pierre-Yves Borgeaud
1703:Gorée c'est ma terre
1165:palais du Government
809:from the Portuguese
729:French colonial rule
385:Saint-Louis, Senegal
368:Atlantic slave trade
148: • Density
30:For other uses, see
3135:Îles des Madeleines
2928:Parcelles Assainies
2873:Fann-Point E-Amitié
2604:The Washington Post
2579:on February 9, 2018
2199:"Goree Archaeology"
1833:Memorial to slavery
1747:classical composer
1686:José Carlos Capinam
1490:Maison des Esclaves
1439:Maison des Esclaves
1426:Maison des Esclaves
1410:Maison des Esclaves
1401:Maison des Esclaves
1382:Maison des Esclaves
1331:European settlement
1144:World Heritage Site
1131:, elected in 2002.
958:Maison des esclaves
939:World Heritage Site
722:Maison des Esclaves
396:World Heritage Site
350: /
325:) is one of the 19
254:14.66694; -17.39833
245: /
199:Cultural: (vi)
3104:Islands of Senegal
2794:2017-07-24 at the
2548:. 22 February 2013
2546:Le Huffington Post
2469:Promenade to Gorée
2204:2017-07-24 at the
2037:Locke, Alain LeRoy
1885:(1958 ed.), p. 123
1751:wrote a piece for
1718:– "Gorée (Go-ray)"
1638:– "One Africa" on
1601:The Amazing Race 6
1594:In popular culture
1523:
1471:
1406:
1361:
1341:
1265:
1187:
1067:Thus, in 1996 the
1013:
850:
839:Haitian Revolution
793:
791:, 29 December 1758
747:Capture of Senegal
682:United Netherlands
657:
507:West India Company
477:West India Company
317:; "Gorée Island";
314:[ildəɡoʁe]
186:Official name
140: • Total
127: • Total
70:View of the island
3153:
3152:
3070:
3069:
2965:
2964:
2913:Mermoz-Sacré-Cœur
2729:Histoire de Gorée
2573:The Seattle Times
2473:Guide du tourisme
2402:Histoire de Gorée
2334:"Island of Gorée"
2276:978-1-4614-0341-8
2000:"Worlds of Color"
1997:(April 1, 1925).
1668:- "De l’histoire"
1617:African Holocaust
1577:, djembe musician
1569:Notable residents
1487:These buildings (
1121:conseil municipal
1021:commune in France
997:COVID-19 pandemic
930:Post-independence
854:French Revolution
774:Colony of Senegal
772:, capital of the
698:Michiel de Ruyter
672:to be settled by
354:14.667°N 17.400°W
299:
298:
16:(Redirected from
3198:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3074:
3073:
3065:
3064:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2969:
2968:
2960:
2868:Dieuppeul-Derklé
2840:
2833:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2752:
2751:
2742:Guillaume Vial,
2737:
2736:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2697:The Daily Nugget
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2667:The Daily Nugget
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2575:. Archived from
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2500:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2465:
2459:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2254:
2237:
2236:
2228:
2209:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2159:
2130:
2129:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2029:DuBois, W. E. B.
2025:
2019:
2018:
2002:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1976:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1932:
1921:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1860:. Archived from
1854:
1830:
1821:
1809:
1797:
1785:
1773:
1757:A l`ile de Gorée
1729:
1728:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1679:
1678:
1677:La Lune de Goree
1532:
1531:
1504:
1503:
1502:Rue des Dungeons
1498:
1497:
1496:Quartier Bambara
1492:
1491:
1474:Bambara Quartier
1457:
1456:
1455:Rue des Dongeons
1451:
1450:
1449:Rue des Dongeons
1444:African diaspora
1441:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1384:
1306:
1298:
1286:
1285:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1211:
1210:
1195:
1184:
1167:
1157:
1151:
1139:The island is a
1129:Augustin Senghor
1123:
1117:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1055:
1049:
1043:
989:Dakar-Gorée Swim
979:
978:
970:Ana Lucia Araujo
923:W. E. B. Du Bois
916:African-American
913:
912:
898:
897:
890:
881:
880:
820:
814:
808:
789:Seven Years' War
785:capture of Gorée
751:Seven Years' War
743:Capture of Gorée
739:Franco-Dutch War
724:
691:
690:
666:
665:
642:
640:
639:
629:
627:
626:
619:
615:
613:
612:
601:
599:
598:
591:
587:
585:
584:
573:
571:
570:
563:
559:
557:
556:
545:
544:
543:
536:
532:
530:
529:
518:
517:
516:
509:
505:
503:
502:
494:
490:
488:
487:
479:
475:
473:
472:
461:
460:
459:
452:
448:
446:
445:
434:
433:
432:
414:
379:
365:
364:
362:
361:
360:
355:
351:
348:
347:
346:
343:
330:
316:
311:
306:
305:
280:
279:
273:
260:
259:
257:
256:
255:
250:
246:
243:
242:
241:
238:
116:Dakar Department
80:
68:
58:
57:
40:
39:
21:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3106:
3101:
3071:
3066:
3059:
3055:
3005:
2996:
2966:
2961:
2952:
2849:
2844:
2800:Rice University
2796:Wayback Machine
2783:
2779:Mairie de Gorée
2768:Photos of Goree
2759:
2722:
2720:Further reading
2717:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2647:
2645:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2626:
2624:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2596:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2565:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2516:
2512:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2487:
2466:
2462:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2398:
2394:
2383:
2379:
2369:
2367:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2312:Washington Post
2303:
2299:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2255:
2240:
2229:
2212:
2206:Wayback Machine
2197:
2193:
2186:
2160:
2133:
2122:
2118:
2107:
2103:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2026:
2022:
2006:Foreign Affairs
1992:
1988:
1966:
1962:
1948:
1944:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1907:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1864:on 2 April 2016
1856:
1855:
1846:
1841:
1834:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1812:Street in Gorée
1810:
1801:
1798:
1789:
1786:
1777:
1776:Harbor of Gorée
1774:
1765:
1738:Return to Gorée
1680:", composed by
1596:
1571:
1515:
1476:
1415:House of Slaves
1404:on Gorée Island
1392:
1390:House of Slaves
1386:
1333:
1313:
1247:
1238:
1222:Yale University
1218:Rice University
1149:Musée de la mer
1137:
1062:London boroughs
1005:
950:House of Slaves
932:
731:
649:
637:
635:
634:
624:
622:
621:
610:
608:
606:
596:
594:
593:
582:
580:
578:
568:
566:
565:
554:
552:
550:
541:
539:
538:
527:
525:
523:
514:
512:
511:
500:
498:
496:
485:
483:
481:
470:
468:
466:
457:
455:
454:
443:
441:
439:
430:
428:
425:
421:
415:in Portuguese.
359:14.667; -17.400
358:
356:
352:
349:
344:
341:
339:
337:
336:
309:
291:
290:
289:
288:
287:
283:
282:
281:
253:
251:
247:
244:
239:
236:
234:
232:
231:
189:Island of Gorée
181:
83:
71:
59:
48:
45:
38:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3204:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3077:
3068:
3067:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3006:
2995:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2972:
2963:
2962:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2945:
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2707:December 31,
2705:. Retrieved
2701:the original
2696:
2687:
2677:December 31,
2675:. Retrieved
2671:the original
2666:
2657:
2646:. Retrieved
2644:. 2013-06-27
2636:
2625:. Retrieved
2621:
2612:
2603:
2593:
2581:. Retrieved
2577:the original
2572:
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2550:. Retrieved
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2368:. Retrieved
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2316:. Retrieved
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2235:(60): 27–35.
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1989:
1978:
1963:
1953:
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1934:
1919:
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1890:
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1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1862:the original
1756:
1742:
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1731:
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1682:Gilberto Gil
1672:Gilberto Gil
1651:
1648:Alpha Blondy
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1014:
1011:Map of Gorée
986:
982:Barack Obama
947:
933:
905:
884:
872:
868:Hundred Days
865:
858:
851:
833:(the modern
796:
794:
767:
732:
725:was built.
702:
658:
427:
400:
382:
372:
304:Île de Gorée
301:
300:
104:Dakar Region
18:Ile de Gorée
3031:Saint-Louis
2933:Patte d'Oie
2893:Grand Dakar
2858:Biscuiterie
2784:(in French)
2366:(in French)
2233:Nyame Akuma
2095:Africa News
1753:harpsichord
1641:Jah Is Real
1632:– "Senegal"
1612:Steel Pulse
1587:Léa Seydoux
1581:France Gall
1085:). The new
1017:Saint-Louis
829:, lived in
787:during the
770:Saint-Louis
763:Joseph Wall
749:during the
357: /
252: /
227:Coordinates
214:Inscription
3160:Categories
3029:Island of
3023:Island of
2888:Grand Yoff
2648:2019-06-12
2627:2019-06-12
2493:Sénégal").
1839:References
1745:avantgarde
1666:Sinsemilia
1626:– "Africa"
1560:Washington
1295:gourmettes
1245:Background
1212:; and the
1056:, much as
745:and wider
733:After the
713:gum arabic
709:peanut oil
678:Portuguese
412:Bezeguiche
380:of Dakar.
240:17°23′54″W
237:14°40′01″N
217:1978 (2nd
135:Population
111:Department
2863:Cambérène
2343:1 October
2318:1 October
2057:639696145
2015:0015-7120
1868:1 October
1662:– "Goree"
1660:Nuru Kane
1413:, or the
1284:Lançarote
1270:Lançarote
1230:gunflints
676:, as the
674:Europeans
633:1815-1960
620:1804–1815
592:1801–1804
577:1783–1801
564:1779–1783
549:1763–1779
537:1758–1763
522:1677–1758
510:1664–1677
495:1663–1664
480:1621–1663
465:1588–1621
438:1444–1588
204:Reference
157:Time zone
3140:Mar Lodj
3125:Fadiouth
3115:Carabane
2792:Archived
2622:BBC News
2583:June 12,
2364:Le Monde
2202:Archived
2049:25025228
2031:(1925).
1971:(1823).
1759:(1986).
1575:Latyr Sy
1535:Le Monde
1460:dungeons
1303:signares
1193:signares
943:memorial
878:Rufisque
818:signares
805:signares
783:British
663:Cap-Vert
463:Portugal
436:Portugal
323:Beer Dun
195:Criteria
3003:Senegal
2552:13 June
2530:: 1–37.
2370:12 June
2039:(ed.).
1763:Gallery
1082:commune
1070:commune
993:slavery
966:tourist
888:commune
823:signare
812:senhora
705:peanuts
644:Senegal
492:England
345:17°24′W
342:14°40′N
219:Session
92:Senegal
88:Country
3145:Morfil
3120:Diogue
3050:Gambia
2923:Ouakam
2908:Médina
2772:Flickr
2763:UNESCO
2433:
2408:
2338:UNESCO
2273:
2182:
2055:
2047:
2013:
1743:Greek
1656:(1994)
1644:(2008)
1620:(2004)
1499:, and
1209:(IFAN)
1185:(1837)
1141:UNESCO
1106:mairie
1100:mairie
954:French
936:UNESCO
735:French
688:Goeree
670:Africa
641:
631:France
628:
614:
603:France
600:
586:
575:France
572:
558:
547:France
531:
520:France
504:
489:
474:
447:
407:Goeree
393:UNESCO
389:Gambia
99:Region
3166:Gorée
3130:Gorée
3025:Gorée
2883:Gorée
2748:Paris
2733:Paris
2450:book
2035:. In
1692:Booba
1548:Roots
1511:major
1433:Pépin
1275:miles
962:Métis
835:Haiti
798:Métis
717:ivory
403:Dutch
333:Dakar
319:Wolof
162:UTC+0
143:1,800
44:Gorée
2948:Yoff
2918:Ngor
2709:2019
2679:2019
2585:2019
2554:2019
2431:ISBN
2406:ISBN
2372:2019
2345:2017
2320:2017
2271:ISBN
2180:ISBN
2053:OCLC
2045:LCCN
2011:ISSN
1870:2017
1684:and
1653:Dieu
1630:Akon
1563:Post
1112:The
987:The
605:1804
453:1588
122:Area
3001:in
2903:HLM
2770:on
2263:doi
2172:doi
1740:).
1674:– "
166:GMT
47:Sor
3162::
2798:,
2746:,
2731:,
2695:.
2665:.
2620:.
2602:.
2571:.
2544:.
2528:20
2526:.
2522:.
2362:.
2336:.
2309:.
2269:.
2241:^
2213:^
2178:.
2134:^
2092:.
2051:.
2003:.
1977:.
1933:.
1898:.
1847:^
1493:,
1281:,
1232:.
1064:.
999:.
956::
841:.
825:,
715:,
711:,
707:,
700:.
370:.
321::
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2279:.
2265::
2188:.
2174::
2098:.
2059:.
2017:.
1872:.
1736:(
952:(
308:(
221:)
168:)
164:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
