838:
826:
1089:
862:
850:
1185:
185:
976:
1132:
1036:
1064:
1110:
924:
1023:
882:
1002:
1146:
1198:
678:
1096:
896:
950:
989:
1172:
1159:
1050:
910:
937:
963:
59:
1409:
which had the objective of ending the bombardment on residential areas in northern Kabul conducted by Hezb-i Wahdat. After the military operation had ended and successfully forced Wahdat forces from the area, Ittihad forces started to escalate the situation by turning against the civilian population.
1404:
and his
Ittihad-i Islami faction. Conflict between the two militias soon escalated into a full-scale war. Both Ittihad and Wahdat engaged in large-scale kidnapping campaigns against civilians and combatants of the "other side". The Islamic State and International Committee of the Red Cross regularly
1405:
tried to mediate between the two sides, but cease-fires commonly were broken in a matter of days. In early 1993, the Hezb-i Wahdat joined an alliance with
Gulbuddin Hekmatyar starting to shell northern Kabul. On February 11, 1993, Ittihad forces took part in the Islamic State's military
610:
1424:
In 2005, the
Ittihad organization was registered as a political party with the Ministry of Justice under its new name. Sayyaf and Ittihad are currently allied to the Karzai government. The party is strongest in the
461:
1646:
Gutman, Roy (2008): How We Missed the Story: Osama Bin Laden, the
Taliban and the Hijacking of Afghanistan, Endowment of the United States Institute of Peace, 1st ed., Washington DC.
1319:. However, the creation of the new umbrella organization effectively created a split and the organization became a political party of its own. The organization was part of the '
2037:
2032:
1721:
480:
1414:
kidnapped up dozens of people, some of whom were released after ransoms were paid to
Ittihad commanders, some escaped by counter-operations by Hizb-e-Wahdat.
1940:
2057:
508:
2042:
715:
659:
2047:
1355:
sources, the organization was able to attract a considerable military following. Arab volunteers fought in the militia forces of the organisation.
1460:
1784:
1714:
2027:
261:
1950:
1945:
1868:
1848:
1789:
1340:
475:
1491:
631:
627:
442:
225:
2062:
1707:
599:
1893:
1838:
1730:
1516:
579:
271:
155:
1914:
496:
1410:
During and after the operation 70 combatants and civilians were killed. After the operation
Ittihad troops under the command of
1828:
1429:
area and receives most of its support from
Pashtuns. Ideologically, the party follows and advocates an Orthodox form of Islam.
688:
1883:
708:
649:
1853:
317:
1909:
1656:
1418:
2067:
1249:
1088:
664:
619:
569:
564:
1863:
1823:
1610:
1441:
552:
547:
428:
408:
342:
235:
1843:
1243:
701:
592:
17:
1569:"Press Backgrounder: Military Assistance to the Afghan Opposition (Human Rights Watch Backgrounder, October 2001)"
1888:
1878:
1873:
1756:
1336:
1981:
1738:
1230:
1224:
1163:
1100:
421:
1833:
279:
257:
1383:– supported Afghan militias hostile towards each other. According to Human Rights Watch, "Iran assisted the
1368:
854:
804:
778:
377:
372:
292:
105:
520:
220:
198:
2001:
1919:
654:
230:
1467:
250:
2052:
1397:, as Iran attempted to maximize Wahdat's military power and influence." Saudi Arabia supported the
1371:
which had been established by the peace and power-sharing agreement
Peshawar Accords. In addition,
533:
515:
503:
360:
160:
1506:"DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS"
2006:
1801:
1136:
1040:
175:
150:
1629:
639:
467:
454:
347:
1858:
1764:
1218:
748:
392:
267:
184:
72:
1806:
1568:
1068:
1540:
8:
1769:
1364:
434:
382:
322:
309:
140:
1505:
1633:
1411:
1401:
1296:
1054:
682:
448:
398:
367:
328:
297:
135:
1606:
1485:
1417:
In 2001, Ittihad's leader Abdul Rasul Sayyaf was suspected of being complicit in the
1348:
866:
830:
771:
764:
606:
1630:"Blood-Stained Hands, Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity"
1935:
1699:
1406:
1394:
1276:
1235:
1664:
1996:
1818:
1288:
1268:
1027:
785:
644:
128:
79:
1320:
928:
923:
842:
813:
2021:
1976:
1964:
1774:
1687:
1390:
1387:
1328:
887:
303:
1796:
1779:
1372:
1352:
1344:
1202:
1114:
1109:
1006:
1001:
915:
284:
67:
58:
1598:
1316:
1292:
861:
849:
334:
1969:
210:
1398:
1324:
114:
1605:(1st ed.). London New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. p. 352.
1380:
1332:
1312:
1176:
901:
809:
118:
111:
1657:"Afghanistan Online: Political parties and leaders in Afghanistan"
1958:
1746:
1426:
1150:
1145:
462:
Ministry for the
Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice
205:
1688:
Afghanistan: Post-Taliban
Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy
954:
949:
941:
936:
122:
1954:
1262:
1189:
993:
988:
980:
975:
967:
962:
1384:
1376:
1624:
1622:
1419:
assassination of anti-Taliban leader Ahmad Shah Massoud
1363:
After the ouster of the PDPA government in April 1992,
1311:), it was originally an attempt to bring unity amongst
1603:
Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival
2038:
Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan politicians
1693:(Report). Congressional Research Service. p. 79.
1619:
1941:
Liberation Organization of the People of Afghanistan
1729:
2019:
27:Primarily Pashtun political party in Afghanistan
1301:Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan
731:Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan
2033:Anti-Soviet factions in the Soviet–Afghan War
1715:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1367:initiated a bombardment campaign against the
1358:
1305:Ittehad-e Islami bara-ye Azadi-ye Afghanistan
709:
45:
39:
1946:National Revolutionary Party of Afghanistan
1869:Progressive Democratic Party of Afghanistan
1849:National Solidarity Movement of Afghanistan
1790:National Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan
1785:People's Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan
1597:
2058:Political parties established in the 1980s
1722:
1708:
1679:
1586:
1351:. Through the financial aid received from
716:
702:
1814:Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan
1640:
35:Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan
2043:Islamic political parties in Afghanistan
1951:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
1894:National Solidarity Party of Afghanistan
1839:National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan
2048:Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen
1915:Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan
1685:
1285:Tanzim-e Da'wat-e Islami-ye Afghanistan
14:
2020:
1829:National Congress Party of Afghanistan
1490:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1884:National Islamic Front of Afghanistan
1703:
1563:
1561:
1854:National United Party of Afghanistan
1686:Katzman, Kenneth (23 October 2013).
1299:. Founded in the early 1980s as the
1103:(1974–1992; 1996–2001; 2021–present)
2028:1980s establishments in Afghanistan
1910:Afghanistan Liberation Organization
1522:from the original on April 12, 2019
1308:
1280:
1272:
46:
40:
24:
1558:
1453:
665:Afghanistan and the United Nations
660:Recognition of the Islamic Emirate
25:
2079:
1864:Pashtoons Social Democratic Party
1824:National Coalition of Afghanistan
1442:List of Islamic political parties
1309:اتحاد اسلامی برای آزادی افغانستان
738:اتحاد اسلامی برای آزادی افغانستان
236:Treatment of women by the Taliban
2063:Political parties in Afghanistan
1844:National Movement of Afghanistan
1731:Political parties in Afghanistan
1196:
1183:
1170:
1157:
1144:
1130:
1108:
1094:
1087:
1062:
1048:
1034:
1021:
1000:
987:
974:
961:
948:
935:
922:
908:
894:
880:
860:
848:
836:
824:
676:
183:
57:
1889:Islamic Movement of Afghanistan
1874:Solidarity Party of Afghanistan
1757:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
1337:Arab states of the Persian Gulf
1982:Progressive Youth Organization
1739:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
1649:
1533:
1498:
1379:– as competitors for regional
1250:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
1164:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
13:
1:
1834:National Front of Afghanistan
1447:
1273:د اسلامي دعوت تنظيم افغانستان
41:د اسلامي دعوت تنظيم افغانستان
1369:Islamic State of Afghanistan
1244:Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)
855:Islamic State of Afghanistan
443:Ministry of Interior Affairs
7:
1435:
1281:تنظیم دعوت اسلامی افغانستان
1265:Organization of Afghanistan
600:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
100:2005 (as a political party)
47:تنظیم دعوت اسلامی افغانستان
10:
2084:
2002:Lists of political parties
1920:Watan Party of Afghanistan
1359:Afghan Civil War (1992–96)
1231:Afghan Civil War (1992–96)
1225:Afghan Civil War (1989–92)
2068:Islamic political parties
1992:
1928:
1902:
1755:
1737:
1212:
1076:
873:
843:Interim Afghan Government
819:
803:
795:
772:1st government as Interim
765:Part of Afghan Mujahideen
754:
744:
736:
735:
730:
146:
134:
104:
96:
88:
78:
66:
56:
32:
1327:forces supported by the
497:Administrative divisions
206:Taliban Islamic Movement
2007:Politics of Afghanistan
1802:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin
1339:in the war against the
1137:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin
1041:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin
226:Human Rights Commission
176:Politics of Afghanistan
151:Politics of Afghanistan
136:Political position
683:Afghanistan portal
628:Diplomatic missions of
455:Afghan National Police
389:Deputy chief justices
1859:New Afghanistan Party
1315:opposition forces in
749:Abdulrab Rasul Sayyaf
393:Mohammad Qasim Rasikh
318:Deputy Prime Minister
268:Hibatullah Akhundzada
73:Abdulrab Rasul Sayyaf
1807:Hezb-i Islami Khalis
1323:', the coalition of
1123:Non-state Opponents:
1069:Hezb-e Islami Khalis
481:Shamsulldin Shariati
1770:Afghan Mellat Party
1667:on 12 February 2009
1365:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
435:Abdul Hakim Haqqani
429:Ministry of Justice
383:Abdul Hakim Haqqani
323:Abdul Ghani Baradar
310:Abdul Ghani Baradar
1661:www.afghan-web.com
1634:Human Rights Watch
1412:Abdul Rasul Sayyaf
1402:Abdul Rasul Sayyaf
1297:Abdul Rasul Sayyaf
1055:Maktab al-Khidamat
763:Early 1980s–1989 (
756:Dates of operation
449:Sirajuddin Haqqani
409:Capital punishment
399:Sheikh Abdul Malik
368:Law of Afghanistan
343:Leadership Council
329:Abdul Salam Hanafi
298:Sirajuddin Haqqani
215:("Grand assembly")
2015:
2014:
1879:Truth and Justice
1257:
1256:
1219:Soviet–Afghan War
1014:Non-state Allies:
867:Northern Alliance
831:Afghan Mujahideen
784:2001–present (as
726:
725:
650:Visa requirements
607:Amir Khan Muttaqi
605:Acting Minister:
593:Foreign relations
580:Political parties
540:Recent elections
169:
168:
156:Political parties
89:General Secretary
16:(Redirected from
2075:
1936:Khuddamul Furqan
1765:Afghan Hezbollah
1724:
1717:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1663:. Archived from
1653:
1647:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1595:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1565:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1521:
1510:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1489:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1466:. Archived from
1465:
1457:
1407:Afshar operation
1395:Abdul Ali Mazari
1310:
1282:
1274:
1236:Afshar Operation
1213:Battles and wars
1201:
1200:
1199:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1149:
1148:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1113:
1112:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1081:State Opponents:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1005:
1004:
992:
991:
979:
978:
966:
965:
953:
952:
940:
939:
927:
926:
914:
912:
911:
900:
898:
897:
886:
884:
883:
865:
864:
853:
852:
841:
840:
839:
829:
828:
827:
757:
740:
739:
728:
727:
718:
711:
704:
681:
680:
679:
614:
476:Attorney General
331:(acting, second)
216:
187:
171:
170:
125:
61:
50:
49:
48:
43:
42:
30:
29:
21:
18:Ittihad-e Islami
2083:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2053:Islamist groups
2018:
2017:
2016:
2011:
1997:Portal:Politics
1988:
1929:Defunct parties
1924:
1898:
1819:Jamiat-e Islami
1751:
1733:
1728:
1698:
1690:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1596:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1567:
1566:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1461:"Archived copy"
1459:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1438:
1432:
1361:
1289:political party
1246:
1238:
1227:
1221:
1206:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1143:
1140:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1118:
1107:
1104:
1095:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:Jamiat-e Islami
1022:
1020:
1015:
1009:
999:
996:
986:
983:
973:
970:
960:
957:
947:
944:
934:
931:
921:
918:
909:
907:
904:
895:
893:
890:
881:
879:
859:
858:
847:
846:
837:
835:
834:
825:
823:
812:
791:
786:political party
755:
737:
722:
693:
689:Other countries
677:
675:
670:
669:
640:Nationality law
636:
624:
604:
595:
585:
584:
574:
563:Parliamentary:
557:
536:
526:
525:
499:
489:
488:
468:Mohammad Khalid
424:
422:Law enforcement
414:
413:
363:
353:
352:
337:(acting, third)
325:(acting, first)
253:
243:
242:
214:
201:
178:
165:
127:
117:
110:
62:
52:
51:
44:
38:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2081:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1962:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1903:Banned parties
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1704:
1697:
1696:
1678:
1648:
1639:
1636:. 6 July 2005.
1618:
1611:
1585:
1557:
1532:
1497:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1434:
1360:
1357:
1349:Ba'athist Iraq
1321:Peshawar Seven
1255:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1228:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1193:
1180:
1167:
1154:
1141:
1120:
1119:
1105:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1059:
1045:
1031:
1011:
1010:
997:
984:
971:
958:
945:
932:
929:United Kingdom
919:
905:
891:
875:
871:
870:
821:
817:
816:
814:Anti-communism
807:
801:
800:
797:
793:
792:
790:
789:
782:
779:2nd government
775:
768:
760:
758:
752:
751:
746:
742:
741:
733:
732:
724:
723:
721:
720:
713:
706:
698:
695:
694:
692:
691:
685:
672:
671:
668:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
635:
634:
632:in Afghanistan
623:
622:
617:
616:
615:
596:
591:
590:
587:
586:
583:
582:
577:
576:
575:
573:
572:
567:
560:
558:
556:
555:
550:
546:Presidential:
543:
537:
532:
531:
528:
527:
524:
523:
518:
513:
512:
511:
500:
495:
494:
491:
490:
487:
486:
485:
484:
473:
472:
471:
459:
458:
457:
452:
440:
439:
438:
425:
420:
419:
416:
415:
412:
411:
406:
405:
404:
403:
402:
396:
387:
386:
385:
370:
364:
359:
358:
355:
354:
351:
350:
345:
340:
339:
338:
332:
326:
315:
314:
313:
307:
301:
290:
289:
288:
280:Prime Minister
277:
276:
275:
258:Supreme Leader
254:
249:
248:
245:
244:
241:
240:
239:
238:
233:
228:
218:
208:
202:
197:
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:
180:
179:
174:
167:
166:
164:
163:
158:
153:
147:
144:
143:
138:
132:
131:
108:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
82:
76:
75:
70:
64:
63:
54:
53:
37:
34:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2080:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1977:Shola-e Javid
1975:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1965:Sazman-i Nasr
1963:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
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378:Chief Justice
376:
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373:Supreme Court
371:
369:
366:
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349:
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344:
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336:
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327:
324:
321:
320:
319:
316:
311:
308:
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304:Mullah Yaqoob
302:
299:
296:
295:
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293:Deputy Leader
291:
286:
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282:
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273:
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1797:Hezbi Islami
1780:Hezbe Wahdat
1681:
1669:. Retrieved
1665:the original
1660:
1651:
1642:
1602:
1576:. Retrieved
1572:
1548:. Retrieved
1544:
1535:
1524:. Retrieved
1512:
1500:
1475:. Retrieved
1468:the original
1455:
1431:
1423:
1416:
1373:Saudi Arabia
1362:
1343:government,
1335:and various
1304:
1300:
1284:
1260:
1258:
1203:Hezbe Wahdat
1122:
1121:
1117:(until 1989)
1115:Soviet Union
1080:
1043:(1980s–1992)
1013:
1012:
1007:Saudi Arabia
916:West Germany
521:Subdistricts
285:Hasan Akhund
221:Human rights
211:
199:Constitution
129:Anti-Shi'ism
92:Maiwand Safa
84:Maiwand Safa
1599:Amin Saikal
1573:www.hrw.org
1545:www.hrw.org
1347:forces and
1317:Afghanistan
1307:, Persian:
1293:Afghanistan
1205:(1992-1996)
1139:(From 1992)
1101:Afghanistan
1057:(1984–1988)
869:(1996–2001)
857:(1992–2001)
845:(1989–1992)
833:(1979–1989)
799:Afghanistan
777:1992–2001 (
770:1989–1992 (
655:Visa policy
620:Ambassadors
335:Abdul Kabir
231:LGBT rights
2022:Categories
1970:Nasr Party
1526:2018-12-18
1477:2013-03-26
1448:References
1393:forces of
466:Minister:
447:Minister:
433:Minister:
251:Government
212:Loya jirga
141:Right-wing
1961:factions)
1399:Wahhabite
1325:mujahedin
1077:Opponents
534:Elections
516:Districts
509:Governors
504:Provinces
361:Judiciary
161:Elections
126:interests
115:Wahhabism
80:Secretary
1671:1 August
1601:(2006).
1578:1 August
1550:1 August
1541:"AFGHAN"
1517:Archived
1486:cite web
1436:See also
1381:hegemony
1333:Pakistan
1313:Islamist
1261:Islamic
1177:Al-Qaeda
902:Pakistan
810:Islamism
805:Ideology
645:Passport
483:(acting)
470:(acting)
451:(acting)
437:(acting)
401:(second)
306:(second)
287:(acting)
112:Islamism
106:Ideology
1959:Parcham
1747:Taliban
1427:Paghman
1295:led by
1287:) is a
1277:Persian
1151:Taliban
820:Part of
796:Country
395:(first)
348:Cabinet
312:(third)
300:(first)
272:decrees
119:Pashtun
97:Founded
1609:
1388:Hazara
1345:Soviet
1269:Pashto
955:Turkey
942:France
913:
899:
885:
874:Allies
745:Leader
68:Leader
1955:Khalq
1691:(PDF)
1520:(PDF)
1509:(PDF)
1471:(PDF)
1464:(PDF)
1353:Saudi
1263:Dawah
1190:Khalq
994:Egypt
981:China
968:Japan
611:trips
123:Tajik
1957:and
1673:2017
1607:ISBN
1580:2017
1552:2017
1492:link
1385:Shia
1377:Iran
1375:and
1341:PDPA
1259:The
570:2018
565:2010
553:2019
548:2014
262:list
121:and
1291:in
2024::
1659:.
1632:.
1621:^
1588:^
1571:.
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