58:). The idea is that some types of learning require more cognitive processing than others, but also have more generalized benefits. In Bloom's taxonomy, for example, skills involving analysis, evaluation and synthesis (creation of new knowledge) are thought to be of a higher order than the learning of facts and concepts using lower-order thinking skills, which require different learning and teaching methods. Higher-order thinking involves the learning of complex judgmental skills such as
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142:, that the plank should not have included the phrase "critical thinking skills" and it was not the intent of the subcommittee to indicate that the RPT was opposed to critical thinking skills. When asked to clarify the meaning of the item he said, "I think the intent is that the Republican Party is opposed to the values clarification method that serves the purpose of challenging students beliefs and undermine [
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that use open-response items instead of multiple-choice questions, and hence require higher-order analysis and writing. Critics of standards based assessments point out that this style of testing is even more difficult for students who are behind academically. Indeed, while minorities may lag by 10
128:"Knowledge-Based Education – We oppose the teaching of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) (values clarification), critical thinking skills and similar programs that are simply a relabeling of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) (mastery learning) which focus on
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Higher-order thinking is considered more difficult to learn or teach but also more valuable because such skills are more likely to be usable in novel situations (i.e., situations other than those in which the skill was learned).
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However, the final wording of this item was evidently a "mistake" according to
Republican Party of Texas Communications Director Chris Elam who said, in an interview with
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objected to this line of reasoning, saying that cognitive research challenges that assumption, and that higher-order thinking is important even in elementary school.
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emphasize HOTS to solve problems and learn, sometimes deliberately omitting direct instruction of traditional methods, facts, or knowledge. HOTS assumes
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to 25 points on standardized percentile rankings, the failure rates of minorities are two to four times the best scoring groups on tests like the
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object to elevating HOTS above direct instruction of basic skills. Many forms of education reform, such as inquiry-based science,
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expressed their opposition to the teaching of certain HOTS by including the following item in their 2012 Party
Platform:
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and have the purpose of challenging the student's fixed beliefs and undermining parental authority."
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before they can engage in higher-order thinking. However, the United States
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301:"Texas GOP's 2012 platform opposes teaching of 'critical thinking skills'"
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230:Resnick, Lauren B. (1987).
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148:] parental authority".
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271:Republican Party of Texas
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336:Critical thinking skills
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236:National Academy Press
170:Integrative complexity
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278:(PDF)
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286:2016
244:ISBN
120:The
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