2898:. The first refers to "the narrative organization of empirical material." The second "includes an account of the underlying developmental logic (the 'intrinsic ground') of deeds and events." Only the latter procedure can supply a properly universal or philosophical history, and this is the procedure Hegel adopts in all of his historical writings. According to Hegel, humans are distinctly historical creatures because, not only do they exist in time, they also internalize temporal events so that they become, in a profound sense, part of what and who people are, "integral to humanity's self-understanding and self-knowledge." This is why the history of philosophy, for instance, is integral to philosophy itself, it being literally impossible for early philosophers to think what later philosophers, afforded all the riches of their predecessors, could think â and perhaps, with this distance, work through more thoroughly or consistently. From a later perspective, for instance, it becomes apparent that the concept of personhood includes the implication of universality such as renders contradictory any interpretation or implementation that extends it to some people, but not to others.
2803:
1086:
51:
2528:, it means "not dependent on, conditional on, relative to or restricted by anything else; self-contained, perfect, complete." For Hegel, this means that absolute knowing can only denote "an 'absolute relation' in which the ground of experience and the experiencing agent are one and the same: the object known is explicitly the subject who knows." That is, the only "thing" (which is really an activity) that is truly absolute is that which is entirely self-conditioned, and according to Hegel, this only occurs when spirit takes itself up as its own object. The final section of his Philosophy of Spirit presents the three modes of such absolute knowing: art, religion, and philosophy.
2872:"History," Frederick Beiser writes, "is central to Hegel's conception of philosophy." Philosophy is only possible "if it is historical, only if the philosopher is aware of the origins, context, and development of his doctrines." In this 1993 essay, titled "Hegel's Historicism," Beiser declares this to be "nothing less than a revolution in the history of philosophy." In a 2011 monograph, however, Beiser excludes Hegel from his treatment of the German historicist tradition for the reason that Hegel is more interested in the philosophy of history than in the epistemological project of justifying its status as a science. Moreover, against the relativistic implications of
742:
996:, and becoming involved in local gossip and pursued his passions for cards, fine eating, and the local Bamberg beer. However, Hegel bore contempt for what he saw as "old Bavaria", frequently referring to it as "Barbaria" and dreaded that "hometowns" like Bamberg would lose their autonomy under new the Bavarian state. After being investigated in September 1808 by the Bavarian state for potentially violating security measures by publishing French troop movements, Hegel wrote to Niethammer, now a high official in Munich, pleading for Niethammer's help in securing a teaching position. With the help of Niethammer, Hegel was appointed headmaster of a
1373:, the section of the book that has been most influential in general culture. What is at stake in the conflict Hegel presents is the practical (not theoretical) recognition or acknowledgement of the universality â i.e., personhood, humanity â of each of two opposed self-consciousnesses. What the readers learn, but what the self-consciousnesses described do not yet realize, is that recognition can only be successful and actual as reciprocal or mutual. This is the case for the simple reason that the recognition of someone you do not recognize as properly human cannot count as genuine recognition. Hegel can also be seen here as criticizing the
2511:
2670:'artistic beauty reveals absolute truth through perception.' He holds that the best art conveys metaphysical knowledge by revealing, through sense perception, what is unconditionally true," that is, "what his metaphysical theory affirms to be unconditional or absolute." So, while Hegel "ennobles art insofar as it conveys metaphysical knowledge," "he tempers his assessment in view of his belief that art's sensory media can never adequately convey what completely transcends the contingency of sensation." This is why, according to Hegel, art can only be one of three mutually complementary modes of absolute spirit.
1503:
602:
3934:"Certainly, to justify metaphysics through experience, Hegel has to extend the sense of 'experience' beyond its narrow Kantian limits, where it applies exclusively to sense perception. But Hegel thinks that Kant has artificially and arbitrarily restricted the meaning of experience, so that it means something as banal as 'Here is my lighter and there is my tobacco tin' (GP XX 352/III, 444â5). Experience is not only sense perception, Hegel insists, but also what is discovered and lived through. This is by no means a stipulative or technical sense of the word
2039:
2313:
678:
1228:
2461:(rule of the few, who apply, concretize, and execute the laws), and monarchy (rule of the one, who heads and encompasses all power)." It is what Aristotle called a "mixed" form of government, which is designed to include what is best of each of the three classical forms. The division of powers "prevents an single power from dominating others." Hegel is particularly concerned to bind the monarch to the constitution, limiting his authority so that he can do little more than to declare of what his ministers have already decided that it is to be so.
2199:
1143:. Now in a weak state of health, Hegel seldom went out. As the new semester began in October, Hegel returned to Berlin in the mistaken belief that the epidemic had largely subsided. By 14 November, Hegel was dead. The physicians pronounced the cause of death as cholera, but it is likely he died from another gastrointestinal disease. His last words are said to have been, "There was only one man who ever understood me, and even he didn't understand me." He was buried on 16 November. In accordance with his wishes, Hegel was buried in the
886:
1385:
1446:
world depend upon networks of reciprocal recognition. Failures of recognition, then, demand reflection upon the past as a way "to understand what is required of us at the present." For Hegel, this ultimately involves rethinking an interpretation of "religion as the collective reflection of the modern community on what ultimately counts for it." He contends, finally, that this "historically, socially construed philosophical account of that whole process" elucidates the genesis of a distinctly "modern" standpoint.
1773:
misunderstanding of its terms. The task of the logic (at this high systemic level) is to articulate what Hegel calls "the identity of identity and non-identity" of nature and spirit. Put another way, it aims to overcome subject-object dualism. This is to say that, among other things, Hegel's philosophical project endeavors to provide the metaphysical basis for an account of spirit that is continuous with, yet distinct from, the "merely" natural world â without thereby reducing either term to the other.
2592:
4625:"In ordinary reflection, however, these operations function in isolation. Once understanding fixes its terms, it stops thinking and simply holds to the distinctions made. The paradoxes in Plato's dialogues are not ultimately resolved, and the modem theory of categories is simply a way of dispelling paradoxes. Theory construction, divorced from the discipline of understanding and the awareness that anomalies develop out of inherent limitations, becomes pure fantasy and loses its tie with reality.
4242:
did." According to Wood, to read Hegel primarily as a social theorist is "admittedly, to read him in some measure against his own self-understanding; it is nevertheless the only way in which most of us, if we are honest with ourselves, can read him seriously at all." Whether or not one accepts Wood's verdict on Hegel's overarching project, one must agree that to read Hegel as Wood proposes is to engage in a project of interpretive appropriation, not strictly textual or historical exegesis.
868:, but he failed. To his chagrin, Fries was, in the same year, made ordinary professor (salaried). The following February marked the birth of Hegel's illegitimate son, Georg Ludwig Friedrich Fischer (1807â1831), as the result of an affair with Hegel's landlady Christiana Burkhardt nĂ©e Fischer. With his finances drying up quickly, Hegel was under great pressure to deliver his book, the long-promised introduction to his philosophical system. Hegel was putting the finishing touches to it,
795:
1186:
2696:, he proposes a sort of resolution by aligning the universality of Kantian moral philosophy with the universality of the teachings of Jesus; in paraphrase: "The moral principle of the Gospel is charity, or love, and love is the beauty of the heart, a spiritual beauty which combines the Greek Soul and Kant's Moral Reason." Although he did not return to this Romantic formulation, the unification of Greek and Christian thought would remain a preoccupation throughout his life.
4623:, in their discussion of category terms, identify the way in which the negation of a term refers to its contrary, not its contradictory; the opposites share a common perspective. In many of Plato's dialogues, as well, a thorough examination of a definition leads to the opposite of what was originally intended. In the third place, theory construction responds to paradoxes and anomalies by developing explanations or grounds that can do justice to all the aspects involved.
961:
22067:
17133:
15926:
14442:
13419:
2950:, just for instance, expands the concept of freedom beyond what Hegel himself articulates. Additionally, although Hegel consistently presents his philosophical histories as East-to-West narratives, scholars such as J. M. Fritzman argue that, not only is this prejudice quite incidental to the substance of Hegel's philosophical position, but that â with India now the world's largest democracy, for instance, or with South Africa's mighty efforts to transcend
402:
1480:, at the time of his unexpected death, he was in fact making plans to revise and republish it. As Hegel was no longer in need of money or credentials, H. S. Harris argues that "the only rational conclusion that can be drawn from his decision to republish the book⊠is that he still regarded the 'science of experience' as a valid project in itself" and one for which later system has no equivalent. There is, however, no scholarly consensus about the
22077:
15916:
2763:, George di Giovanni contrasts Kant's rational faith with Hegel's rational religion. On his view, the modern role of religion consists in "expressing and nurturing spirit in its most individual forms" rather than in explaining reality. There is no longer any place for faith in opposition to knowledge. Instead, faith assumes such forms as the trust placed "in individuals close to us, or in the time and place in which we happen to live."
2641:, in 1907 â have attributed to Hegel some form of the thesis that art is "dead." Hegel, however, never said any such thing, nor can such a view be plausibly attributed to him. Indeed, one commentator places that debate in perspective with the observation that Hegel's claim that "art no longer serves our highest aims" is "radical not for the suggestion that art now fails to do so but for the suggestion that it ever did."
9976:
1943:, sometimes also rendered "notion," capitalized by some translators but not others) is not a psychological concept. When deployed with the definitive article ("the") and sometimes modified by the term "logical," Hegel is referring to the intelligible structure of reality as articulated in the Subjective Logic. (When used in the plural, however, Hegel's sense is much closer to the ordinary dictionary sense of the term.)
22092:
4568:(negative-)dialectical stage of knowledge leads to a reading that is more Kantian than Hegelian. Reluctance to recognize that the oppositions between, e.g., idea and nature or substance and subject, are only provisional and not yet fully true leads to a misunderstanding of Hegel's concepts of spirit and absolute spirit, and consequently to fundamental distortions of his theory and practice of philosophy itself."
3249:
1054:(1821). Hegel devoted himself primarily to delivering lectures; his lectures on the philosophy of fine art, the philosophy of religion, the philosophy of history, and the history of philosophy were published posthumously from students' notes. In spite of his notoriously terrible delivery, his fame spread and his lectures attracted students from all over Germany and beyond. Meanwhile, Hegel and his pupils, such as
4107:"In the Doctrine of the Concept, thought reflects for the first time consciously and explicitly on thought itself, and all the preceding categories are understood to have their meaning and significance precisely in being comprehended by a self-aware thought. The concept is thought "In its being-returned-into-itself and its developed being-with-itself â the concept in-and for-itself" [
3053:, in the neuter), which denotes "an essential feature or aspect of a whole conceived as a static system, and an essential phase in a whole conceived as a dialectical movement or process." (When Hegel describes something as "contradictory," what he means is that it is not independently self-sustaining on its own terms, and so it can only be comprehended as a moment of a larger whole.)
18108:
14453:
1434:
self-consciousness "suffers this violence at its own hands, and brings to ruin its own restricted satisfaction." For, as Hegel points out, one cannot learn how to swim without getting into the water. By progressively testing its concept of knowledge in this way, by "making experience his standard of knowledge, Hegel is embarking upon nothing less than a
2946:. Since Hegel's day, the scope of the concept of freedom has been expanded to acknowledge the rightful inclusion of women, formerly enslaved or colonized peoples, the mentally ill, and those who do not conform to conservative norms with respect to sexual preference or gender identity, among others. As to the content of freedom, the United Nations'
3149:
corrected so that their one-sidedness is overcome." What it distorts is that such a description is possible only after the process has unfolded. The "thesis" and "antithesis" are not "alien" to one another. Inasmuch as there can be said to be such a "dialectical method," it is not an external one such as could be "applied" to some subject matter.
2018:, that which cannot be determined in advance: "To go further, it must abandon thinking altogether and let itself go, opening itself to that which is other than thought in pure receptivity." Simply put, logic realizes itself only in the domain of nature and spirit, in which it attains its "verification." Hence the conclusion of the
4132:, for the very good reason that 'notion' carries the connotation of being a subjective representation. Its meaning is also much too vague. It should be reserved for precisely such contexts as require a term without too precise a meaning. 'Concept' has the further advantage of being patently connected with 'to conceive,' just as
2282:: according to Hegel, it is not racial characteristics, but the climactic conditions in which a people lives that variously limit or enable its capacity for free self-determination. He believes that race is not destiny: any group could, in principle, improve and transform its condition by migrating to friendlier climes.
2286:
examines the relation between consciousness and its object and the emergence of intersubjective rationality. Psychology "deals with a great deal that would be categorized as epistemology (or 'theory of knowledge') today. Hegel discusses, among other things, the nature of attention, memory, imagination and judgement."
940:, which was being printed there. Although Hegel tried to obtain another professorship, even writing Goethe in an attempt to help secure a permanent position replacing a professor of botany, he was unable to find a permanent position. In 1807, he had to move to Bamberg since his savings and the payment from the
3449:
781:" was written. It was written in Hegel's hand, but may have been authored by Hegel, Schelling, or Hölderlin. While in Frankfurt, Hegel composed the essay "Fragments on Religion and Love." In 1799, he wrote another essay titled "The Spirit of Christianity and Its Fate", unpublished during his lifetime.
1757:
argues that the position of the logic with respect to the real philosophy is best understood in terms of Hegel's appropriation of
Aristotle's distinction between "the order of explanation" and "the order of being." To Beiser, Hegel is neither a Platonist who believes in abstract logical entities, nor
1472:
shows that the search for an externally objective criterion of truth is a fool's errand. The constraints on knowledge are necessarily internal to spirit itself. Yet, although theories and self-conceptions may always be reevaluated, renegotiated, and revised, this is not a merely imaginative exercise.
1465:
is that a philosopher should not "confine him or herself to views that have been held but penetrate these to the human reality they reflect." In other words, it is not enough to consider propositions, or even the content of consciousness; "it is worthwhile to ask in every instance what kind of spirit
1445:
purports to demonstrate that â because consciousness always includes self-consciousness â there are no 'given' objects of direct awareness not already mediated by thought. Further analysis of the structure of self-consciousness reveals that both the social and conceptual stability of the experiential
1433:
The ensuing dialectic is long and hard. It is described by Hegel himself as a "path of despair," in which self-consciousness finds itself to be, over and again, in error. It is the self-concept of consciousness itself that is tested in the domain of experience, and where that concept is not adequate,
776:
in 1797. There, Hölderlin exerted an important influence on Hegel's thought. In Berne, Hegel's writings had been sharply critical of orthodox
Christianity, but in Frankfurt, under the influence of early Romanticism, he underwent a sort of reversal, exploring, in particular, the mystical experience of
4241:
Some commentators do not accept Hegel's own metaphysical self-understanding of his project. Allen W. Wood, for instance, declares, "Speculative thought is dead; but Hegel's thought is not": "The fact is rather that Hegel's great positive achievements as a philosopher do not lie where he thought they
3022:
The dialectical character of Hegel's speculative procedure often makes his position on any given issue quite difficult to characterize. Instead of seeking to answer a question or solve a problem directly, he frequently recasts it by showing, for instance, "how the dichotomy underlying the dispute is
1453:
takes up Kant's philosophical project of investigating the capacities and limits of reason. Under the influence of Herder, however, Hegel proceeds historically, instead of altogether a priori. Yet, although proceeding historically, Hegel resists the relativistic consequences of Herder's own thought.
4259:
edition of Hegel's works puts it, "It is only in this sphere that spirit brings forth a shape â an image of itself, as it were â and relates itself to this shape in the forms of intuition , representation , and comprehending thinking . It is here that spirit relates itself to itself and is absolute
4178:
it more commonly refers to the collective mind or 'spirit' shared by a group of people. It is, as Hegel memorably puts it, 'I that is We, and We that is I' (PS ¶177). It can also refer to the third person of the
Trinity, the holy spirit, and this religious connotation is never far from Hegel's mind
3298:
The Right
Hegelians "were quickly forgotten" and "today mainly known only to specialists"; the Left Hegelians, by contrast, "included some of the most important thinkers of the period," and "through their emphasis on practice, some of these thinkers have remained exceedingly influential," primarily
3095:
According to Hegel, "every philosophy is essentially idealism." This claim is based on the assumption, which Hegel claims to demonstrate, that conceptualization is present at all cognitive levels. For to completely deny this would undermine trust in the conceptual capacities necessary for objective
2285:
Hegel divides his philosophy of the subjective spirit into three parts: anthropology, phenomenology, and psychology. Anthropology "deals with 'soul', which is spirit still mired in nature: all that within us which precedes our self-conscious mind or intellect." In the section "Phenomenology", Hegel
2256:
As becomes clear, Hegel's concept of freedom is not (or not merely) the capacity for arbitrary choice, but has as its "core notion" that "something, especially a person, is free if and only if, it is independent and self-determining, not determined by or dependent upon something other than itself."
2074:
of the world, it appears only at a time when actuality has gone through its formative process and attained its completed state . This lesson of the concept is necessarily also apparent from history, namely that it is only when actuality has reached maturity that the ideal appears opposite the real
1895:
holds that this project may be understood, on analogy to Kant, as "inseparably a metaphysical and a transcendental deduction of the categories of metaphysics." This approach insists, and claims to demonstrate, that the insights of logic cannot be judged by standards external to thought itself, that
931:
had now officially passed to another land (Germany) that would complete 'in thought' what the
Revolution had only partially accomplished in practice." Although Napoleon had spared the University of Jena from much of the destruction of the surrounding city, few students returned after the battle and
3148:
More modestly, it has been said that this account is "only a partial comprehension that requires correction." What it gets right is that, according to Hegel, "truth emerges from error" in the course of historical development in a way that implies a "holism in which partial truths are progressively
2732:
just prior to the closing chapter, Absolute
Knowing. It is presented under the heading The Revelatory Religion . By means of philosophical exposition of Christian doctrines such as Incarnation and Resurrection, Hegel claims to demonstrate or to make "manifest" the conceptual truth of Christianity,
2464:
The relation of Hegel's philosophy of right to modern liberalism is complex. He sees liberalism as a valuable and characteristic expression of the modern world. However, it carries the danger within itself to undermine its own values. This self-destructive tendency may be avoided by measuring "the
2323:
In the broadest terms, Hegel's philosophy of objective spirit "is his social philosophy, his philosophy of how the human spirit objectifies itself in its social and historical activities and productions." Or, put differently, it is an account of the institutionalization of freedom. Besier declares
1772:
states, "The logical idea is non-temporal and therefore does not exist at any time apart from its manifestations." To ask "when" it divides into nature and spirit is analogous to asking "when" 12 divides into 5 and 7. The question does not have an answer because it is predicated upon a fundamental
4373:
As Hegel applies the term "positivity" to
Christianity, "the word refers to non-essential, historically derived, and often authoritarian aspects of the religion; together, they contrast with its "natural," essential, moral, and freedom-nurturing quality. The "positivity" of Christianity refers to
2847:
Discussing the "Hegel
Renaissance" in late 20th-century Anglo-American philosophy, Beiser expresses surprise â given today's highly secular academic culture â at such a surge of interest in Hegel. For, according to Hegel, the divine is the centerpoint of philosophy. Hegel's concept of God differs
2273:
Standing at the transition from nature to spirit, the role of the
Philosophy of Subjective Spirit is to analyze "the elements necessary for or presupposed by such relations , namely, the structures characteristic of and necessary to the individual rational agent." It does this by elaborating "the
2136:
One of the very few ways in which the philosophy of nature might correct claims made by the natural sciences themselves is to combat reductive explanations; that is to discredit accounts employing categories not adequate to the complexity of the phenomena they purport to explain, as for instance,
2054:
part â the philosophy of nature and of spirit â is an ongoing project with respect to its historical content, which continues to change and develop. For instance, although Hegel regards "the basic structure" of the philosophy of nature as complete, he was "aware that science is not 'finished' and
1008:
for use in the classroom. Part of his remit was to teach a class called "Introduction to
Knowledge of the Universal Coherence of the Sciences." In 1811, Hegel married Marie Helena Susanna von Tucher (1791â1855), the eldest daughter of a Senator. This period saw the publication of his second major
3488:
As Dewey himself describes the attraction, "There were, however, also 'subjective' reasons for the appeal that Hegel's thought made to me; it supplied a demand for unification that was doubtless an intense emotional craving, and yet was a hunger that only an intellectualized subject-matter could
2863:
Just how to most properly characterize Hegel's distinctive articulation of Christianity was a matter of intense debate even in his own life and, among his students, after his death. So it is likely to remain. Neither theistic, nor deistic, Hegel's god can only be articulated in the philosophical
1935:
account of reality. Simplifying greatly, Being describes its concepts just as they appear, Essence attempts to explain them with reference to other forces, and the Concept explains and unites them both in terms of an internal teleology. The categories of Being "pass over" from one to the next as
4567:
is mentioned, e.g., in Ilt 3, 139 ("dialectics means in general that something finite pretends to be, though it is not insofar as it has its limit in itself") and Wa 273 ("all that is limited, is dialectical in itself"). Failure to see that Hegel does not stop at the second, intellectual, and
2922:
In his discussion of the ancient world, Hegel provides a heavily qualified defense of slavery. As he puts it elsewhere, "slavery occurs in a transitional phase between the natural human existence and the truly ethical condition; it occurs in a world where a wrong is still right. Here, the wrong
2492:
The final part of the Philosophy of Objective Spirit is entitled "World History." In this section, Hegel argues that "this immanent principle produces with logical inevitability an expansion of the species' capacities for self determination ('freedom') and a deepening of its self understanding
2480:
If Hegel's ideal sovereign is much weaker than was typical in monarchies his time, so too is his democratic element much weaker than is typical in democracies of modern times. Although he insists upon the importance of public participation, Hegel severely limits suffrage and follows the English
3067:
The pronoun-expressions â moment, sublate, and idealize â are characteristic of Hegel's account of idealism. They can be understood as stages of thought in which the "object is conceptually present first in mere adumbration, then according to circumstances both internal and external to it, and
3007:
For example, self-consciousness is "the concept that consciousness has of itself. Thus in this case concept and referent coincide:... 'self-consciousness' refers to mind's taking on the self-contradictory (and thus also self-negating) role of being subject and object of one and the same act of
2789:
that contain his next presentation of Christianity, which he variously refers to as the "consummate," "absolute," or "revelatory" religion (all equivalent terms in this context). Transcripts of three of Hegel's four courses have been preserved, and they show him to be continually adjusting his
2187:
Recent scholars have also argued that Hegel's approach to the philosophy of nature provides valuable resources for theorizing and confronting recent environmental challenges entirely unforeseen by Hegel. These philosophers point to such aspects of his philosophy as its distinctive metaphysical
2152:
concept of teleology is "limited to the ends observable within nature itself." Hence, they claim, it does not violate the Kantian critique. Even more strongly, Hegel and Schelling claim that Kant's restriction of teleology to regulative status effectively undermines his own critical project of
1045:
as a summary of his philosophy for students attending his lectures at Heidelberg. It is also while in Heidelberg that Hegel first lectured on the philosophy of art. In 1818, Hegel accepted the renewed offer of the chair of philosophy at the University of Berlin, which had remained vacant since
4497:
speculative reason of its pretension to extravagant insights; because in order to attain to such insights, speculative reason would have to help itself to principles that in fact reach only to objects of possible experience, and which, if they were to be applied to what cannot be an object of
2883:
Because freedom, according to Hegel, is the essence of spirit, the developing self-awareness of this is just as much a development in truth as it is in political life. Thinking presupposes an "instinctive belief" in truth, and the history of philosophy, as recounted by Hegel, is a progressive
2766:
In other words, according to Hegel's philosophical interpretation, Christianity does not require faith in any doctrine that is not fully justified by reason. What is left, then, is the religious community, free to minister to individual needs and to celebrate the absolute freedom of spirit.
2277:
This section, particularly its first part, contains various comments that were commonplace in Hegel's day and can now be recognized as openly racist, such as unfounded claims about the "naturally" lower intellectual and emotional development of Black people. In his perspective, these racial
2175:
observes that "contemporary philosophy of science" has lost sight of "the ontological issue at stake, namely, the question of an intrinsically lawful nature": "Consider, for example, the problem of what constitutes a law of nature. This problem is central to our understanding of nature. Yet
2626:, Hegel directly states that his topic is not "the spacious realm of the beautiful," but "art, or, rather, fine art." He doubles down on this in the next paragraph by explicitly distinguishing his project from the broader philosophical projects pursued under the heading of "aesthetics" by
1341:
was published in 1807. This is the first time that, at the age of thirty-six, Hegel lays out "his own distinctive approach" and adopts an "outlook that is recognizably 'Hegelian' to the philosophical problems of post-Kantian philosophy". Yet, the book was poorly understood even by Hegel's
2301:: "The solution to the mindâbody problem hinges upon recognizing that mind does not act upon the body as cause of effects but rather acts upon itself as an embodied living subjectivity. As such, mind develops itself, progressively attaining more and more of a self-determined character."
1936:
denoting thought-determinations only extrinsically connected to one another. The categories of Essence reciprocally "shine" into one another. Finally, in the Concept, thought has shown itself to be fully self-referential, and so its categories organically "develop" from one to the next.
3907:
Instead, he directly states that it is the position of the "unhappy consciousness," presented later in that same chapter, that is "the birthplace of spirit becoming self-consciousness." Or, in the words of one scholar, "It is the unhappy consciousness, at the climax of the evolution of
2394:
tradition while taking into account the criticisms of the historical school." He adds that "without a sound interpretation of Hegel's theory of natural law, we have very little understanding of the very foundation of his social and political thought." Consistent with Beiser's position,
2075:
and reconstructs this real world, which it has grasped in its substance, in the shape of an intellectual realm. When philosophy paints its gray in gray, a shape of life has grown old, and it cannot be rejuvenated, but only recognized, by the gray in gray of philosophy; the owl of
1400:
Nevertheless, however complicated the details, the basic strategy by which it attempts to make good on its introductory claim is not difficult to state. Beginning with only the most basic "certainties of consciousness itself," "the most immediate of which is the certainty that
985:, which was a pro-French newspaper, Hegel extolled the virtues of Napoleon and often editorialized the Prussian accounts of the war. Being the editor of a local newspaper, Hegel also became an important person in Bamberg social life, often visiting with the local official
9997:
3504:
Hegelians"), constitute, per Bernstein, the third moment of Hegel's influence on pragmatism. However, while openly acknowledging the influence, neither claims to explicate Hegel's views according to his own self-understanding. In addition, each is avowedly influenced by
1041:, Hegel chose Heidelberg, where he moved in 1816. Soon after, his illegitimate son Ludwig Fischer (now ten years old) joined the Hegel household in April 1817, having spent time in an orphanage after the death of his mother Christiana Burkhardt. In 1817, Hegel published
3557:
Confidential Letters on the Prior Constitutional Relations of the Wadtlandes (Pays de Vaud) to the City of Bern. A Complete Disclosure of the Previous Oligarchy of the Bern Estates. Translated from the French of a Deceased Swiss , with Commentary. Frankfurt am Main,
2927:, so that the position it occupies is a necessary one." Hegel is clear, however, that there is an unconditional moral demand to reject the institution of slavery, and that slavery is incompatible with the rational state and the essential freedom of every individual.
582:
at once preserves and overcomes the dualisms of the material and the mental â that is, it accounts for both the continuity and difference marking the domains of nature and culture â as a metaphysically necessary and coherent "identity of identity and non-identity".
4615:"It is tempting to think of these logical operations as distinctively Hegelian. But they can be found elsewhere. In the first place, understanding is the process of conceptual analysis â of getting concepts and their use appropriately defined. In the second place,
3347:. This was due to (a) the rediscovery and re-evaluation of Hegel as a possible philosophical progenitor of Marxism by philosophically oriented Marxists; (b) a resurgence of Hegel's historical perspective; and (c) an increasing recognition of the importance of his
1396:
as both the "introduction" to his philosophical system and also as the "first part" of that system as the "science of the experience of consciousness." Yet it has long been controversial in both respects; indeed, Hegel's own attitude changed throughout his life.
2358:
has been controversial from the date of its original publication. It is not, however, a straightforward defense of the autocratic Prussian state, as some have alleged, but is rather a defense of "Prussia as it was to have become under reform administrations."
3513:," the dichotomy between concept and intuition, whereas Brandom is concerned mostly to develop Hegel's social account of reason-giving and normative implication. These appropriations of Hegel's thought are two among several "non-metaphysical" readings.
2465:
subjective goals of individuals by a larger objective and collective good." Moral values, then, have only a "limited place in the total scheme of things." Yet, although it is not without reason that Hegel is widely regarded as a major proponent of what
2880:, internal to history itself, in terms of which progress can be measured and assessed. This is the self-consciousness of freedom. The more that awareness of this essential freedom of spirit permeates a culture, the more advanced Hegel claims it to be.
3377:
dialectic (which he mistranslated as master-slave ) and Hegel's philosophy of history. This perspective, however, overlooks over sixty years of French writing on Hegel, according to which Hegelianism was identified with the "system" presented in the
3091:
Although it is not incorrect to refer to Hegel's philosophy as "absolute idealism," this moniker was at the time more associated with Schelling, and Hegel himself is documented as employing it with reference to his own philosophy only three times.
4646:, "sublate" did enter the English language in the mid-sixteenth century, the more common word closest to Hegel's meaning is probably "suspend"âprovided only that it is not taken to have any implications of temporariness, which Hegel's concept of
2938:â have understood Hegel to claim that, having achieved a fully universal concept of freedom, history is complete, that it has reached its conclusion. Against this, however, it can be objected that freedom may yet be expanded in terms both of its
839:
was completed. He lectured on "Logic and Metaphysics" and gave lectures with Schelling on an "Introduction to the Idea and Limits of True Philosophy" and facilitated a "philosophical disputorium." In 1802, Schelling and Hegel founded the journal
641:(1773â1832); and a brother, Georg Ludwig (1776â1812), who perished as an officer during Napoleon's 1812 Russian campaign. At the age of three, Hegel went to the German School. When he entered the Latin School two years later, he already knew the
4549:"Because Hegel does not often use the word "dialectic" indicate the positive side of rationality, the predicate "dialectical" is less appropriate to characterize Hegel's entire method. His own use is closer to the ancient and Kantian meaning of
2133:, in no way does it presume to "tell nature what it must be like." Historically, various interpreters have questioned Hegel's understanding of the natural sciences of his time. However, this claim has been largely refuted by recent scholarship.
914:
I saw the Emperor â this world-soul â riding out of the city on reconnaissance. It is indeed a wonderful sensation to see such an individual, who, concentrated here at a single point, astride a horse, reaches out over the world and masters it.
3884:
version of the dialectic), "Hegel likewise emphasizes the mutual benefit and commonality of the union between a free master and the 'animal sapiens' who serves him as an appropriate organon." Or, as Harris remarks, "the master is the rational
2687:
Hegel's earliest writings on Christianity date between 1783 and 1800. He was still working out his ideas at this time, and everything from this period was abandoned as fragments or unfinished drafts. Hegel was very much dissatisfied with the
771:
and a book-length manuscript titled "The Positivity of the Christian Religion." His relations with his employers becoming strained, Hegel accepted an offer mediated by Hölderlin to take up a similar position with a wine merchant's family in
2678:
Although his understanding of Christianity evolved over time, Hegel identified as a Lutheran his entire life. One constant was his profound appreciation for the Christian insight into the intrinsic worth and freedom of every individual.
3156:
method; that is, it emerges from thoughtful immersion in the subject-matter itself. If this leads to dialectics, that is only because there is a contradiction in the object itself, not because of any external methodological procedure.
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The opening section, entitled "Preliminary Conception," also provides a historical examination of philosophical "positions on objectivity" as quite a different sort of "introduction" to the logic than what Hegel earlier gave in the
2324:
this a rare instance of unanimity in Hegel scholarship: "all scholars agree there is no more important concept in Hegel's political theory than freedom." This is because it is the foundation of right, the essence of spirit, and the
1248:. "Unity of life" was the phrase used by Hegel and his generation to express their concept of the highest good. It encompasses unity "with oneself, with others, and with nature. The main threat to such unity consists in division (
621:
in the Holy Roman Empire (now southwestern Germany). Christened Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, he was known as Wilhelm to his close family. His father, Georg Ludwig Hegel (1733â1799), was secretary to the revenue office at the court of
709:
because it was state-funded, for he had "a profound distaste for the study of orthodox theology" and never wanted to become a minister.) All three greatly admired Hellenic civilization, and Hegel additionally steeped himself in
3084:. This position rejects empiricism as an a priori account of knowledge, but it is in no way opposed to the philosophical legitimacy of empirical knowledge. Hegel's idealistic contention, which he claims to demonstrate, is that
1854:, and so constitutes the basis of philosophy. In putting something into question, one already presupposes logic; in this regard, it is the only field of inquiry that must constantly reflect upon its own mode of functioning.
4510:; and the dogmatism of metaphysics, i.e., the prejudice that without criticism reason can make progress in metaphysics, is the true source of all unbelief conflicting with morality, which unbelief is always very dogmatic."
3386:, was in many ways a reaction against the earlier. After 1945, "this 'dramatic' Hegelianism, which centered on the theme of historical becoming through conflict, to be seen as compatible with existentialism and Marxism."
1884:, is fully immanent. More generally, Hegel agrees wholeheartedly with Kant's rejection of all forms of dogmatism and also agrees that any future metaphysics must pass the test of criticism. It is the assessment of scholar
1766:. For Hegel, the universal is always first in the order of explanation even if what is naturally particular is first in the order of being. With respect to the system as a whole, that universal is supplied by the logic.
1454:
In the words of one scholar, "It is Hegel's insight that reason itself has a history, that what counts as reason is the result of a development. This is something that Kant never imagines and that Herder only glimpses."
1430:. It is not the consciousness under observation that learns from its experience. Only "we," the phenomenological observers, are in a position to profit from Hegel's logical reconstruction of the science of experience.
1879:
rationalism critiqued by Kant, which is a criticism Hegel accepts. In particular, Hegel rejects any form of metaphysics as speculation about the transcendent. His procedure, an appropriation of Aristotle's concept of
2539:
summarizes: "art, religion and philosophy all have the same object, the absolute or truth itself; but they consist in different forms of knowledge of it. Art presents the absolute in the form of immediate intuition
4376:"Hegel adopted the terms "positive" and "natural" from legal theory, where they indicate the difference between imperfect, human-written, secondary, "positive" law, and perfect, primary, God-given, "natural" law."
17907:
1243:
Hegel's concern with various forms of cultural unity (Judaic, Greek, medieval, and modern) during this early period would remain with him throughout his career. In this way, he was also a typical product of early
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described the young Hegel's education there by saying that it "belonged entirely to the Enlightenment with respect to principle, and entirely to classical antiquity with respect to curriculum." His studies at the
705:. Sharing a dislike for what they regarded as the restrictive environment of the Seminary, the three became close friends and mutually influenced each other's ideas. (It is mostly likely that Hegel attended the
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have selectively developed Hegelian ideas into their own philosophical programs. Others have developed their positions in opposition to Hegel's system. These include, for instance, such diverse philosophers as
1926:
are the doctrines of "Being" and "Essence." Together they comprise the Objective Logic, which is largely occupied with overcoming the assumptions of traditional metaphysics. Book three is the final part of the
4097:
or forms of judgments." The "transcendental deduction" advances the more ambitious argument that these a priori categories do, in fact, "apply universally and necessarily to the objects that are given in our
738:(a "man of letters") who serves to make the abstruse ideas of philosophers accessible to a wider public; his own felt need to engage critically with the central ideas of Kantianism would not come until 1800.
4115:
demonstrates how the pure thought-categories of being and essence pass over into the categories of the concept; how the concept reveals, again, the higher-level (or deeper-level) unity of being and essence."
2840:. Instead, he affirms as the "fundamental principle" of Protestantism "the obstinacy that does honor to mankind, to refuse to recognize in conviction anything not ratified by thought." On similar grounds,
3048:
Hegel generally uses the term in all three senses, with particular emphasis on the second and third, in which apparent contradictions are speculatively overcome. His word for what is sublated is "moment"
4553:
than to the post-Marxian use; most often, it is reserved for the negative moment, whereas he prefers "speculative" characterize the complete and true nature of thought. Cf., e.g., Enc C 79 & R. [
2615:, Hegel discusses art only as it figures in what he terms the "Art-Religion" of the ancient Greeks. In 1818, however, Hegel begins lecturing on the philosophy of art as an explicitly autonomous domain.
2176:
philosophy of science has not provided a definitive response to it up to now. Nor can we expect to have such an answer from that quarter in future." It is back to Hegel that Wandschneider would direct
626:. Hegel's mother, Maria Magdalena Louisa Hegel, nĂ©e Fromm (1741â1783), was the daughter of a lawyer at the High Court of Justice at the WĂŒrttemberg court Ludwig Albrecht Fromm (1696â1758). She died of
1466:
would entertain such propositions, hold such views, and have such a consciousness. Every outlook in other words, is to be studied not merely as an academic possibility but as an existential reality."
1780:
suggest that to give priority to any one of its three parts is to have an interpretation that is "one-sided," incomplete or otherwise inaccurate. As Hegel famously declares, "The true is the whole."
3011:
According to Beiser, "if Hegel has any methodology at all, it appears to be an anti-methodology, a method to suspend all methods." Hegel's term "dialectic" must be understood with reference to the
1868:." In the words of scholar Glenn Alexander Magee, the logic provides "an account of pure categories or ideas which are timelessly true" and which make up "the formal structure of reality itself".
1322:, however, would lead Hegel to a qualified rejection of the universality claimed by the Kantian program in favor of a more culturally, linguistically, and historically informed account of reason.
1847:
Logic is an abbreviated or condensed presentation of the same dialectic. Hegel composed it for use with students in the lecture hall, not as a substitute for its proper, book-length exposition.
4227:
Probably his most direct discussion of the vocabulary of natural right is to be found in the Introduction to Hegel's 1817â1818 Heidelberg lectures; after this, he almost always speaks of right
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false, and that it is therefore possible to integrate elements from both positions." Speculative thought preserves what is true from apparently opposing theories in a process that Hegel terms "
1747:'remaining-procession-return' and from the Christian Trinity." Although evident in draft writings dating back as early as 1805, the system was not completed in published form until the 1817
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sometimes stands for the entire movement of the self-articulation of meaning or thought, this term refers more specifically to the self-negation of the determinations of the understanding (
2740:. God the Father must give Himself existence as finitely human Son, the death of whom discloses His essential being as Spirit â and, crucially, according to Hegel, his own philosophical
1796:
Hegel's concept of logic differs greatly from that of the ordinary English sense of the term. This can be seen, for instance, in such metaphysical definitions of logic as "the science of
1672:
681:
Hegel, Schelling, and Hölderlin are believed to have shared the room on the second floor above the entrance doorway while studying at this institute â (a Protestant seminary called "the
4642:(sublate) is a common German word for quotidian activities (such as conserving something for later use), for physical phenomena, and for logical operations." Although, according to the
2102:
Hegel describes the relationship between the logical and the real-philosophical parts of his system in this way: "If philosophy does not stand above its time in content, it does so in
21928:
4682:, Brandom repeatedly goes out of his way to emphasize that his interpretation is, e.g., "unusual" and "an admitted anachronism" and that his procedure is "not Hegel's own practice."
4015:
into his final philosophical outlook without remainder (where some go on to claim that that final outlook introduced certain deplorable elements that are thankfully missing in the
3144:, or his philosophy of history; they impede any open-minded comprehension of what he does by forcing it into a scheme which was available to him and which he deliberately spurned.
2091:", translated as "getting ready" or "to get ready", does not only imply completion, but also preparedness. This additional meaning is important because it better reflects Hegel's
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conceptions suggested by eighteenth-century philosophers. Nonetheless, Hegel conceptualizes God as the infinite or absolute, in agreement with the classical definition given by
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2558:
additionally clarifies that the increase in conceptual transparency according to which these spheres are systematically ordered is not hierarchical in any evaluative sense.
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is, that "thought... is not the mirror of nature." Yet, she argues, this does not imply that these standards are arbitrary or subjective. Hegel's translator and scholar of
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1346:
is infamous for, among other things, its conceptual and allusive density, idiosyncratic terminology, and confusing transitions. Its most comprehensive commentary, scholar
986:
3234:. These names, however, constitute only a small sample of some of the more important figures who have developed their thought in engagement with the philosophy of Hegel.
1302:
that provided what Hegel took as the definitive modern articulation of the divisions that must be overcome. This led to his engagement with the philosophical programs of
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According to Hegel, to think of the finite as a moment of the whole, rather than an independently self-determined existent, is what it means to grasp it as idealized (
13105:
331:
1216:(at least at second hand), but perhaps more deeply devoted to the classics than to any thing modern." During this early period of his life "the Greeks â especially
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and the news of his death never reached his father. Early the following year, Hegel's sister Christiane committed suicide by drowning. Hegel's two remaining sons â
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631:
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in Hegel's technical sense is the systematically coherent logical form it uncovers in its natural-historical material â and so also displays in its presentation.
852:
in 1803. In 1805, the university promoted Hegel to the unsalaried position of extraordinary professor after he wrote a letter to the poet and minister of culture
14257:
9109:
de Laurentiis, Allegra (2005). "Metaphysical Foundations of the History of Philosophy: Hegel's 1820 Introduction to the Lectures on the History of Philosophy".
2887:
Whether or not Hegel is a historicist simply depends upon how one defines the term. The importance of history in Hegel's philosophy, however, cannot be denied.
2457:, as rationally embodying three cooperative and mutually inclusive elements. These elements are "democracy (rule of the many, who are involved in legislation),
2221:
denotes the human mind and its products, in contrast to nature and also the logical idea." (Some older translations render it as "mind," rather than "spirit.")
1273:" This interest, as well as his theological training, would continue to mark his thought, even as it developed in a more theoretical or metaphysical direction.
22292:
4448:"revealed" in historical, positive fashion. Hegel clearly intended a distinction as well as a relation between these terms (see 1827 lectures, p. 252). In the
2224:
As is especially evident in the Anthropology, Hegel's concept of spirit is an appropriation and transformation of the self-referential Aristotelian concept of
2165:
3405:
as its focal point of intervention. A major theme was that "a reason that seeks to be all-inclusive falsifies reality by suppressing or repressing its 'other.
3136:
He never once used these three terms together to designate three stages in an argument or account in any of his books. And they do not help us understand his
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of the university in October 1829, but his term ended in September 1830. Hegel was deeply disturbed by the riots for reform in Berlin in that year. In 1831
3132:
Fichte introduced into German philosophy the three-step of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis, using these three terms. Schelling took up this terminology.
2363:
2410:
shows that achieving political autonomy is fundamental to Hegel's analysis of the state and government," Kenneth R. Westphal provides this brief outline:
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on a plateau outside the city. On the day before the battle, Napoleon entered the city of Jena. Hegel recounted his impressions in a letter to his friend
11424:
4124:
George di Giovanni offers this in defense of "concept": "Following Geraets/Suchting/Harris, I have departed from long-standing usage and have translated
3165:
Hegel's influence on subsequent philosophical developments has been enormous. In late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century England, a school known as
974:
946:
2493:('self-knowing')." In Hegel's own words: "World history is progress in the consciousness of freedom â a progress that we must comprehend conceptually."
4140:, and can easily be expanded into 'conceptual' and 'conceptually grasped' or replaced, if need be, with 'comprehension' and 'conceptually comprehended.
3596:
1802: 'Faith and Knowledge, or the Reflective Philosophy of Subjectivity in the Completeness of its Forms as Kantian, Jacobian and Fichtean Philosophy'
2844:, while acknowledging Hegel's apparently sincere profession of Lutheranism, describes Hegel's theology as effectively "the very opposite of Luther's."
2274:
fundamental nature of the biological/spiritual human individual along with the cognitive and the practical prerequisites of human social interaction."
4011:
marks a turning-point in Hegel's philosophical career, ...certain remarks by Hegel himself have led some to warn that we should not expect to fit the
2710:
well before it emerges as the explicit topic of the penultimate Religion chapter. This is seen most directly in the metaphysical "unhappiness" of the
22212:
21364:
11414:
4464:; thus the usage in the philosophy-of-religion lectures indicates a return to the earlier (and more suggestive) title. In some contexts we translate
3015:
of the object of investigation. What must be grasped is "the 'self-organization' of the subject matter, its 'inner necessity' and 'inherent movement.
1828:
likewise remain logics of formal validity and so are likewise irrelevant to Hegel's project, which aspires to provide a metaphysical logic of truth.
318:
14842:
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10103:
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Westphal, Kenneth (2013). "Objective Spirit: Right, Morality, Ethical Life and World History". In Allegra de Laurentiis and Jeffrey Edwards (ed.).
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1802: 'On the Essence of Philosophical Critique in General and its Relation to the Present State of Philosophy in Particular' (Introduction to the
2347:, intended as a textbook), upon which he also frequently lectured. Its final part, the philosophy of world history, was additionally elaborated in
1284:. The conviction that philosophy must take the form of a system Hegel owed, most particularly, to his TĂŒbingen roommates, Schelling and Hölderlin.
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778:
223:
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1085:
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8764:. Translated by Hodgson, P. C.; Brown, R. F.; Stewart, J. M. with the assistance of J.P. Fitzer and H. S. Harris. University of California Press.
4724:
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view of human self-consciousness as requiring the recognition of others, and people's view of themselves as being shaped by the views of others.
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can be divided into three moments: the late nineteenth century, the mid-twentieth, and the present. The first is to be found in early issues of
2864:
terms of the concept of spirit or his own distinctive logical vocabulary. Nevertheless, Hegel everywhere insists that his is the Christian God.
2083:
This frequently has been read as an expression of the impotence of philosophy, political or otherwise, and a rationalization of the status quo.
19518:
9346:
Henrich, Deiter (1979). "Art and Philosophy of Art Today: Reflections with Reference to Hegel". In Richard E. Amacher and Victor Lange (ed.).
9179:
deVries, William (2013). "Subjective Spirit: Soul, Consciousness, Intelligence and Will". In Allegra de Laurentiis and Jeffrey Edwards (ed.).
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satisfy." Dewey accepted much of Hegel's account of history and society, but rejected his conception of Hegel's account of absolute knowing.
2802:
4264:) and free in this cognition. Only with this cognition is the concept of spirit â as the concept of a thinking relation to self â complete."
3946:
is anything that one learns through experiment, through trial and error, or through enquiry about what appears to be the case. Hegel's term
17887:
16902:
3872:
This matters philosophically because Hegel's terms here are an appropriation of Aristotle's analysis of the master-servant relation in his
3858:, by contrast, is a servant, a menial, a farmhand, a serf, et cetera. None of the English translators render it "slave." It is most likely
1066:, the interior minister of Prussia and his reactionary circles in the Prussian court. In the remainder of his career, he made two trips to
3602:
1803: 'On the Scientific Approaches to Natural Law, its Role within Practical Philosophy and its Relation to the Positive Sciences of Law'
2794:â only now he is able to expound at greater length and with greater clarity upon what he had covered earlier in such a condensed fashion.
22357:
18145:
8543:
4407:. Whether or to what extent such identifications are important for the success of Hegel's project is a topic of ongoing scholarly debate.
3401:
effectively presented Hegel as providing "a philosophical anthropology instead of a general metaphysics." This reading took the topic of
2790:
emphases and exposition. The interpretation of Christianity that he advances, however, is still very much that which he presented in the
4876:
3593:
1802 'The Relation of Scepticism to Philosophy. Presentation of its various Modifications and Comparison of the latest with the ancient'
3409:" Although it cannot be attributed entirely to KojĂšve, this reading of Hegel shaped the thought and interpretations of thinkers such as
3302:
Among the first followers to take an expressly critical view of Hegel's system were those in the 19th-century German group known as the
2161:
between the subjective and the objective, the ideal and the real." Hence the organism must be acknowledged to have constitutive status.
1263:
as a kind of "unity-in-difference," this both in the ancient articulation provided by Plato and in the Christian religion's doctrine of
20308:
19949:
11768:
9131:
de Laurentiis, Allegra (2010). "Universal Historiography and World History According to Hegel". In Peter Liddel and Andrew Fear (ed.).
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3522:
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1950:) differ from one another in their various relations of implication and interdependence. For instance, in the opening dialectic of the
1579:
1493:
1417:," Hegel aims to show that these "certainties of natural consciousness" have as their consequence the standpoint of speculative logic.
506:
171:
22105:
2230:. Spirit is not something above or otherwise external to nature. It is "the highest organization and development" of nature's powers.
1931:. It discusses the doctrine of "the Concept," which is concerned with reintegrating those categories of objectivity into a thoroughly
1502:
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22187:
22162:
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KojĂšve's interpretation of the "master-slave dialectic" as the basic model of historical development also influenced the feminism of
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22312:
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2007:(like Plato's idea) is the product of an attempt to fuse ontology, epistemology, evaluation, etc., into a single set of concepts."
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finally standing completely on its own." This phenomenological and conceptual analysis distinguishes Hegel's idealism from Kant's
3064:): they depend not on themselves for their existence but on some larger self-sustaining entity that underlies or embraces them."
1946:
Hegel's inquiry into thought is concerned to systematize thought's own internal self-differentiation, that is, how pure concepts (
1276:
According to Glenn Alexander Magee, Hegel's thought (in particular, the tripartite structure of his system) also owes much to the
22307:
21411:
21101:
20403:
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the opposition between subjectivity and objectivity, along with other oppositions," Hegel insists, it is not (merely) subjective.
4192:
For a discussion of Hegel's racial comments in the Anthropology, informed by the 19th-century literature available to Hegel, see
11939:
4519:
These changes are documented in the Introductions to Peter C. Hodgson's three-volume translation of the critical edition of the
2595:
The ancient Athenian, according to Hegel, apprehends the meaning of Athena Parthenos directly as his own rational essence. (The
22257:
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22147:
22132:
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18783:
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3850:, which can also be rendered "master and servant." "Slave," however, is an incorrect translation. The German for that would be
3259:
Some historians present Hegel's early influence in Germanic philosophy as divided into two opposing camps, right and left. The
2786:
2776:
2570:
2106:, because, as the thought and knowledge of that which is the substantial spirit of its time, it makes that spirit its object."
1839:(1812, 1813, 1816; bk.I revised 1831), is sometimes also called the "Greater Logic." The second is the first volume of Hegel's
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were exhausted and he needed money to support his illegitimate son Ludwig. There, he became the editor of the local newspaper,
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Jaeschke, Walter (2013). "Absolute Spirit: Art, Religion and Philosophy". In Allegra de Laurentiis and Jeffrey Edwards (ed.).
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explains, Hegel's logic is a continuation of Kant's distinctive logical program. Its occasional engagement with the familiar
1706:
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Similarly, Stephen Houlgate argues that, in whatever limited sense Hegel might be said to have a "method," it is a strictly
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Its final section, Free Spirit, develops the concept of "free will," which is foundational for Hegel's philosophy of right.
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notes that Hegel's comment to Niethammer "is all the more striking since he had already composed the crucial section of the
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17169:
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14307:
13035:
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10096:
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Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1996). "The Oldest Systematic Programme of German Idealism". In Frederick C. Beiser (ed.).
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Kant's "metaphysical deduction" of the categories is a derivation of categories from the Aristotelian table of "the twelve
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Westphal, Kenneth (1993). "The basic context and structure of Hegel's Philosophy of Right". In Frederick C. Beiser (ed.).
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While at Jena, Hegel helped found a philosophical journal with his friend from Seminary, the young philosophical prodigy
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Dien Winfield, Richard (2011). "Hegel's Solution to the MindâBody Problem". In Stephen Houlgate and Michael Baur (ed.).
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Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1990). "Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Outline ". In Ernst Behler (ed.).
1850:
Hegel presents logic as a presuppositionless science that investigates the most fundamental thought-determinations , or
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18369:
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2099:. He characterizes actuality as being-at-work-staying-itself that can never be once-and-for-all completed or finished.
799:
702:
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Westphal, Kenneth (2008). "Philosophizing about Nature: Hegel's Philosophical Project". In Frederick C. Beiser (ed.).
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above Plato, Hegel never abandoned his love of ancient philosophy, the imprint of which is everywhere in his thought.
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2907:, simplifying his own account, Hegel divides human history into three epochs. In what he calls the "Oriental" world,
649:
and during his adolescence read voraciously, copying lengthy extracts in his diary. Authors he read include the poet
11842:
4628:"For Hegel, rational thinking involves integrating all three operations into a single complex process of thinking."
4205:
Hegel himself acknowledges an ambiguity in the term "natural right" between meaning "a right that is present in an
2652:
were largely ignored by philosophers and received most of their attention from literary critics and art historians.
2441:, analyzes the principles and institutions governing central aspects of rational social life, including the family,
50:
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is that of its own dialectic, and what it lives through as a result of this dialectic is its experience (73; ¶86)."
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seriously, he contends that people cannot presume any truths that have not passed the test of experience; even the
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Rockmore, Tom (2013). "Feuerbach, Bauer, Marx, and Marxisms". In Allegra de Laurentiis and Jeffrey Edwards (ed.).
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Collins, Ardis B. (2013). "The Introductions to the System". In Allegra de Laurentiis and Jeffrey Edwards (ed.).
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features of the religion that either obscure, or have mistakenly taken the place of, its essential moral message.
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when Hegel was thirteen. Hegel and his father also caught the disease but narrowly survived. Hegel had a sister,
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Jaeschke, Walter (1993). "Christianity and Secularity in Hegel's Concept of the State". In Robert Stern (ed.).
4559:"A rigorous justification of Hegel's method is given in the last chapter of his Logic, GW 12, pp. 237â253 [
3318:, and their followers. The primary thrust of their criticism is concisely expressed in the eleventh of Marx's "
2733:
and so to overcome what has only been positively revealed by explication of its underlying, revelatory truth.
2524:
Hegel's use of the term "absolute" is easily misunderstood. Inwood, however, clarifies: derived from the Latin
1981:
is "the idea." As with "the concept", the sense of this term for Hegel is not psychological. Rather, following
1974:. There is not a difference here to which one can "refer," only a dialectic that one can observe and describe.
1820:
conception of logic is only incidental to Hegel's project. Twentieth-century developments by such logicians as
1136:
968:(1766â1848) financially supported Hegel and used his political influence to help him obtain multiple positions.
726:
faction and never lost his commitment to the principles of 1789, which he expressed by drinking a toast to the
12902:
3816:
Of even his most philosophically technical work, Hegel writes, "It can therefore be said that this content is
2070:
on how the world ought to be: philosophy, at any rate, always comes too late to perform this function. As the
22202:
22028:
21958:
21378:
21251:
19504:
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17391:
16152:
15879:
15712:
15364:
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14093:
13978:
13889:
13403:
13387:
13304:
11934:
11888:
3264:
3125:
2631:
2627:
2535:, representation, and comprehending thinking â that Hegel distinguishes the three modes of absolute knowing.
1458:
1148:
1034:
991:
965:
879:
261:
2970:), rather than dialectical, and uses the term "dialectical" only "quite rarely". This is because, although "
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22227:
21499:
21276:
21271:
20965:
20003:
19636:
19302:
19171:
18090:
18017:
16982:
16942:
16855:
15854:
14422:
13528:
12927:
12297:
11078:
10871:
9461:
Inwood, Michael J. (2013a). "Logic â Nature â Spirit". In Allegra de Laurentiis and Jeffrey Edwards (ed.).
8505:
4067:. To what extent Hegel preferred this approach over that of his earlier book is a matter of ongoing debate.
3339:
In the twentieth century, a Hegelian-inflected interpretation of Marx was further developed in the work of
2245:
Philosophy of Spirit charts the progressively determinate stages of this freedom until spirit fulfills the
1813:
1762:
according to whom the particular is first in the orders of explanation and being alike. Rather, Hegel is a
957:, a position he obtained with the help of Niethammer. Ludwig Fischer and his mother stayed behind in Jena.
827:, in which he briefly criticized mathematical arguments that assert that there must exist a planet between
650:
11374:
9821:
Wandschneider, Dieter (2013). "Philosophy of Nature". In Allegra de Laurentiis and Jeffrey Edwards (ed.).
9218:
di Giovanni, George (2003). "Faith Without Religion, Religion Without Faith: Kant and Hegel on Religion".
4128:
as 'concept' rather than as 'notion.' B. C. Burt also used 'concept' in his 1896 translation of Erdmann's
3121:
22337:
21963:
21404:
21291:
21286:
21071:
18604:
16614:
15266:
15223:
14753:
14743:
14297:
13175:
12990:
12832:
11144:
11093:
10826:
10629:
9681:
Pippin, Robert (2008a). "The Absence of Aesthetics in Hegel's Aesthetics". In Frederick C. Beiser (ed.).
9470:
Inwood, Michael (2013b). "Reason and Understanding". In Allegra de Laurentiis and Jeffrey Edwards (ed.).
3908:
self-consciousness in opposition to nature, that marks the real birth of the concept of absolute spirit."
2825:
2692:
and positivity of the Christian religion, to which he opposed the spontaneous religion of the Greeks. In
2655:
The more narrowly conceptual project of the philosophy of art, however, is to articulate and defend "the
1987:
1333:
1319:
870:
486:
469:
320:
Dissertatio Philosophica de Orbitis Planetarium (Philosophical Dissertation on the Orbits of the Planets)
157:
13110:
11439:
9932:
9035:
Burbidge, John (2006a). "New Directions in Hegel's Philosophy of Nature". In Katerina Deligiorgi (ed.).
3818:
the exposition of God as he is in his eternal essence before the creation of nature and of finite spirit
1059:
529:. Hegel everywhere insists that reason and freedom are historical achievements, not natural givens. His
22070:
21762:
21474:
19956:
19616:
19485:
18131:
17616:
17446:
16910:
15228:
14893:
14858:
14654:
14402:
13868:
13483:
12812:
12041:
11553:
10841:
10781:
10634:
9775:
8995:
8022:
4403:
for discussion and defense of this historical identifications of the shapes of spirit presented by the
4000:
3097:
2096:
1554:
1154:
Hegel's illegitimate son, Ludwig Fischer, had died shortly before while serving with the Dutch army in
853:
646:
551:
must attain their "verification" in the natural world and the historical accomplishments of humankind.
336:
20273:
18748:
13120:
11786:
11563:
3661:
1817: 'Assessment of the Proceedings of Estates Assembly of the Duchy of WĂŒrttemberg in 1815 and 1816'
3076:'s mentalistic idealism. In contrast to those positions, Hegel's idealism is entirely compatible with
2510:
1004:
in November 1808, a post he held until 1816. While in Nuremberg, Hegel adapted his recently published
741:
562:", Hegel presents free self-determination as the essence of humankind â a conclusion from his 1806â07
22272:
22242:
22095:
20320:
20263:
19848:
19372:
19322:
18252:
17323:
17101:
15447:
14908:
14138:
13973:
13593:
13448:
13359:
12759:
12710:
11010:
10916:
10846:
10707:
8805:
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1991b). Suchting, W. A.; Geraets, Théodore F.; Harris, H. S. (eds.).
4836:
2396:
1699:
1093:
During the last ten years of his life, Hegel did not publish another book but thoroughly revised the
636:
17601:
13040:
12197:
11919:
10068:
8946:
Beiser, Frederick C. (2008). "Introduction: The Puzzling Hegel Renaissance". In Frederick C. (ed.).
932:
enrollment suffered, making Hegel's financial prospects even worse. Hegel traveled in the winter to
694:
22045:
21933:
21918:
21910:
21792:
21161:
19362:
19312:
19121:
18411:
17977:
17761:
17162:
17117:
16604:
16261:
16017:
15565:
15495:
15316:
15081:
15010:
15005:
14704:
14412:
14347:
13258:
13080:
12970:
12960:
12897:
12663:
12348:
11409:
11139:
10896:
10702:
9708:
Pöggeler, Otto (2012). "Editorial Introduction". In J. Michael Stewart and Peter C. Hodgson (ed.).
9558:
3783:
3621:
1807: 'Preface: On Scientific Cognition' â Preface to his Philosophical System, published with the
3501:
2417:'Abstract Right,' treats principles governing property, its transfer, and wrongs against property."
2368:
in Hegel's title does not have a direct English equivalent (though it does correspond to the Latin
1209:
1201:
865:
727:
662:
296:
17:
17516:
12837:
12127:
10426:
5767:
4498:
experience, then they would always actually transform it into an appearance, and thus declare all
2644:
Hegel's detailed and systematic treatment of the various arts over such a great span has even led
2501:, below, for further discussion of the complex legacy of Hegel's social and political philosophy.)
22282:
22013:
21141:
21061:
20478:
20067:
19978:
19442:
18753:
18037:
17987:
17411:
15762:
15477:
15417:
15409:
15106:
15101:
14888:
14873:
14738:
14277:
14207:
14088:
13873:
13553:
13030:
12887:
12792:
12648:
12077:
11693:
11083:
10776:
3473:(founded 1867). The second is evident in the acknowledged influence upon major figures including
3374:
3081:
3069:
2454:
2170:
1912:
1484:
with respect to either of the systematic roles asserted by Hegel at the time of its publication.
1370:
1144:
426:
422:
244:
20875:
19106:
17541:
11903:
11603:
10466:
4290:
He does not, however, abandon his account of the Art-Religion, which continues to appear in his
2153:
explaining the possibility of knowledge. Their argument is that "only under the assumption that
1892:
1101:'s reactionary work, which claimed that laws were not necessary. A number of other works on the
777:
love as the true essence of religion. Also in 1797, the unpublished and unsigned manuscript of "
730:
every fourteenth of July. Schelling and Hölderlin immersed themselves in theoretical debates on
618:
81:
21938:
21787:
21602:
21454:
21397:
20468:
20448:
20298:
19968:
19596:
18728:
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17967:
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17674:
17376:
17242:
16594:
16195:
16147:
15359:
15178:
14795:
14790:
14499:
14149:
14043:
14023:
13900:
13828:
13773:
13696:
13478:
13369:
13324:
13319:
13015:
12907:
12807:
12318:
12092:
12031:
11648:
11419:
10966:
10931:
10891:
10816:
10801:
10291:
10112:
9875:
Wolff, Michael (2013). "Science of Logic". In Allegra de Laurentiis and Jeffrey Edwards (ed.).
8807:
The Encyclopaedia Logic: Part I of the Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences with the ZusÀtze
4076:
For further discussion of what it means for logic to be presuppositionless see, in particular,
3605:
1803â04: 'First Philosophy of Spirit (Part III of the System of Speculative Philosophy 1803/4)'
3478:
3272:
3117:
2586:
2566:
2489:, are elected officials. Nobles in the upper house, like the monarch, inherit their positions.
2400:
1559:
1129:
1106:
1098:
1047:
821:
454:
381:
31:
20335:
12694:
12567:
12353:
12277:
12162:
11588:
10901:
10406:
7310:
1564:
861:
746:
698:
566:
that he claims is further verified by the systematic account of the interdependence of logic,
22034:
22023:
21527:
20622:
20577:
20388:
19983:
19447:
19437:
19332:
18858:
18813:
18316:
18095:
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17644:
17622:
17531:
17356:
17329:
17303:
17237:
16974:
16966:
16894:
16850:
16212:
16207:
16102:
15894:
15849:
15787:
15777:
15116:
14980:
14825:
14815:
14800:
14748:
14337:
14247:
14118:
13808:
13753:
13748:
13706:
13634:
13568:
13498:
13374:
13339:
13329:
13263:
13090:
13065:
13025:
12975:
12872:
12725:
12572:
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12241:
12182:
12016:
12011:
11965:
11893:
11832:
11718:
11477:
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11073:
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10742:
10654:
10639:
10446:
10226:
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9988:
9158:
8515:
7517:
4665:
3414:
3077:
2981:
By contrast, "Hegel describes correct thinking as the methodical interplay of three moments
2915:
people (moneyed citizens) were free. In the "Germanic" world (that is, European Christendom)
2736:
The heart of Hegel's interpretation of Christianity can be seen in his interpretation of the
2619:
2298:
2289:
Throughout this section, but especially in the Anthropology, Hegel appropriates and develops
2177:
2084:
2026:
itself" into "objectivity and external life" â and, so too, the systematic transition to the
1544:
1315:
1200:
recounts, when Hegel entered the TĂŒbingen seminary in 1788, "he was a typical product of the
1114:
1102:
1038:
857:
767:
711:
674:
concluded with his graduation speech, "The abortive state of art and scholarship in Turkey."
514:
458:
446:
371:
356:
20438:
11929:
11404:
11389:
8094:
4356:
In English these writings, published after Hegel's death, are collected in a translation by
4174:
is the usual German word for the intellectual aspect of an individual, the mind, but in the
2728:
Hegel's proper account of Christianity, however, is to be found in the final section of the
2046:
as a metaphor for how philosophy can understand historical conditions only after they occur.
22142:
22137:
21983:
21923:
21722:
21627:
21131:
21011:
20780:
20587:
20428:
20355:
20047:
20008:
19993:
19527:
19452:
19252:
18713:
18057:
17937:
17927:
17835:
17808:
17711:
17232:
17091:
16231:
16221:
16202:
16180:
16142:
16080:
15992:
15955:
15884:
15329:
15261:
15204:
15188:
15173:
15153:
15111:
14985:
14830:
14820:
14805:
14770:
14765:
14733:
14445:
14382:
13843:
13818:
13743:
13441:
13422:
12995:
12557:
12444:
12369:
12082:
12046:
11748:
11728:
11482:
11169:
11109:
11003:
3824:
for further discussion of religion's important role in Hegel's later writings and lectures.
3804:
3460:
3452:
3276:
2719:
2517:
1856:
1692:
1075:
979:
951:
891:
810:
at the encouragement of Schelling, who held the position of Extraordinary Professor at the
654:
501:
492:
442:
376:
302:
164:
20602:
19051:
18838:
18773:
17491:
16755:
15527:
13095:
12912:
12147:
11924:
11781:
11502:
11467:
10381:
10366:
9857:
Wicks, Robert L. (1993). "Hegel's Aesthetics: An Overview". In Frederick C. Beiser (ed.).
9256:
di Giovanni, George (2013). "Moment". In Allegra de Laurentiis and Jeffrey Edwards (ed.).
8760:
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1984b). Hodgson, P.C.; Brown, R.F.; Stewart, J.M. (eds.).
5393:
3019:" Hegel renounces all external methods such as could be "applied" to some subject matter.
1871:
It is important to see, however, that Hegel's metaphysical program is not a return to the
1377:
worldview of people and society as a collection of atomized individuals, instead taking a
734:, from which Hegel remained aloof. Hegel, at this time, envisaged his future as that of a
476:
movement in the Germanic regions of Europe, Hegel lived through and was influenced by the
8:
22287:
21557:
21321:
21201:
21171:
21091:
20617:
20557:
19878:
19798:
19292:
18853:
18798:
18718:
18660:
18543:
18438:
18168:
18100:
18067:
18042:
17877:
17830:
17825:
17639:
17596:
17586:
17536:
17421:
17273:
17227:
17222:
17217:
17212:
17155:
17061:
17022:
16998:
16865:
16785:
16765:
16740:
16710:
16122:
16002:
15869:
15570:
15442:
15321:
14990:
14913:
14903:
14780:
14664:
14659:
14227:
14063:
14028:
14008:
13963:
13778:
13768:
13738:
13354:
13213:
12917:
12802:
12643:
12026:
12021:
11857:
11598:
11533:
11149:
10806:
10666:
10501:
10461:
9957:
4833:
4590:) as directed towards what appears as other to itself as "understanding" or "intellect" (
4468:
as "manifest," but for the title we prefer a term that also suggests the connection with
4357:
4170:
Inwood further elaborates the justification for preferring "spirit" as the translation: "
4157:
idea, the knowing truth (§236), the logical with the meaning that it is the universality
3464:
3418:
3319:
3231:
2536:
2129:
organizes the contingent material of the natural sciences systematically. As part of the
1888:
that Hegel's method of immanent logical development and critique is historically unique.
1754:
1569:
1347:
1299:
1232:
1197:
1055:
601:
131:
21782:
20365:
17556:
13943:
13005:
12521:
12338:
11878:
11816:
11663:
11492:
10471:
10371:
4260:
precisely in its self-relation. It cognizes itself as what it is and it is with itself (
3859:
3394:
3370:
3008:
cognition â simultaneously and in the same respect." Hence it is a speculative concept.
2931:
2312:
2038:
1473:
Claims to knowledge must always prove their own adequacy in real historical experience.
21876:
21866:
21637:
21542:
21333:
21328:
21311:
21306:
20775:
20283:
20220:
19412:
19071:
19036:
18946:
18473:
18306:
18257:
18062:
18052:
18022:
17997:
17783:
17721:
17581:
17511:
17381:
17288:
17207:
17192:
17056:
17051:
16886:
16825:
16695:
16283:
16190:
16175:
16127:
16075:
15859:
15817:
15727:
15692:
15467:
15432:
15334:
15276:
15238:
15233:
15069:
15059:
14863:
14835:
14785:
14576:
14536:
14417:
14407:
14177:
14167:
13671:
13583:
13410:
13130:
12892:
12882:
12767:
12658:
12552:
12394:
12343:
12256:
12152:
12122:
12112:
11960:
11758:
11447:
11339:
11280:
11058:
10866:
10786:
10717:
10644:
10421:
10306:
10236:
10186:
10044:
9638:
9376:
8789:
Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Outline, and Other Philosophical Writings
3433:
3352:
3348:
3340:
3174:
2963:
2423:'Morality,' treats the rights of moral subjects, responsibility for one's actions, and
2209:. The Delphic imperative to "know thyself" governs Hegel's entire philosophy of spirit.
1817:
1245:
811:
731:
537:, that is, in assessing claims always according to their own internal criteria. Taking
522:
473:
414:
290:
254:
137:
109:
21707:
21597:
20765:
19021:
15622:
15575:
12292:
12172:
11369:
10376:
10326:
9718:
9668:
Pippin, Robert (1993). "You Can't Get There from Here: Transition Problems in Hegel's
9337:
Heine, Heinrich (1834). "Zur Geschichte der Religion und Philosophie in Deutschland".
2809:(1483â1546), who would not likely have recognized Hegel's claim to share his theology
22085:
22076:
21846:
21697:
21667:
21484:
21464:
21449:
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21241:
21081:
20870:
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20458:
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20235:
20037:
19201:
19101:
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18891:
18868:
18863:
18738:
18354:
18344:
18193:
18178:
18154:
18112:
18072:
17947:
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17814:
17456:
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17351:
17308:
17283:
17202:
17197:
17111:
17096:
17086:
17066:
16815:
16646:
16549:
16539:
16268:
16226:
15919:
15915:
15797:
15782:
15452:
15399:
15379:
15281:
15271:
15198:
15027:
15017:
14810:
14598:
14518:
14457:
14187:
14103:
14058:
13644:
13613:
13344:
13314:
13278:
13223:
13145:
13075:
13000:
12937:
12842:
12827:
12797:
12638:
12613:
12587:
12526:
12516:
12414:
12409:
12404:
12399:
12067:
12036:
11980:
11975:
11791:
11776:
11698:
11583:
11528:
11452:
11364:
11317:
11220:
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11174:
11040:
10926:
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10546:
10126:
10010:
9562:
9447:
9380:
9082:
Chitty, Andrew (2011). "Hegel and Marx". In Stephen Houlgate and Michael Baur (ed.).
8962:
8923:
8902:
4747:
3510:
3292:
3198:
3178:
3170:
2785:
includes a section on the Revealed Religion, but it is quite short. It is his Berlin
2596:
2198:
2144:
aim to revive a teleological understanding of nature, they argue that their strictly
1932:
1627:
1292:
1168:
1121:
928:
757:
Having received his theological certificate from the TĂŒbingen Seminary, Hegel became
715:
677:
477:
366:
269:
228:
85:
56:
21702:
21562:
20350:
18971:
18665:
15422:
13948:
12684:
12679:
12562:
11399:
11349:
10316:
9026:
Burbidge, John (1993). "Hegel's Conception of Logic". In Frederick C. Beiser (ed.).
2748:
in the Christian concept of the Trinity. And so it makes manifest the philosophical
2555:
2340:
Elements of the Philosophy of Right, or Natural Law and Political Science in Outline
765:(1793â1796). During this period, he composed the text which has become known as the
750:
690:
682:
123:
21948:
21592:
21489:
21301:
21231:
21001:
20920:
20915:
20840:
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20710:
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20443:
20240:
19923:
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19893:
19838:
19813:
19457:
19131:
19091:
19081:
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19016:
19006:
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18916:
18793:
18763:
18723:
18609:
18445:
18423:
18213:
18203:
17576:
17526:
17471:
17386:
17371:
17318:
17081:
17006:
16990:
16820:
16805:
16750:
16529:
16311:
16278:
16273:
16170:
16070:
16007:
15987:
15979:
15822:
15685:
15655:
15645:
15640:
15537:
15522:
15168:
15064:
14898:
14718:
14689:
14628:
14566:
14083:
14068:
14048:
13848:
13660:
13603:
12950:
12847:
12772:
12689:
12653:
12531:
12506:
12501:
12202:
12192:
12187:
12177:
12167:
12142:
12072:
11995:
11970:
11538:
11487:
11384:
11225:
11215:
11198:
11159:
11154:
11129:
10582:
10541:
10511:
10486:
10411:
10336:
10311:
10281:
10196:
10171:
10166:
10151:
10001:
9630:
9397:
Hodgson, Peter C. (2008). "Hegel's Philosophy of Religion". In Frederick C. (ed.).
9368:
9301:
Guyer, Paul; Wood, Alan W. (1998), "Introduction to the Critique of Pure Reason ",
9206:
8916:
Beiser, Frederick C. (1993b). "Hegel's Historicism". In Frederick C. Beiser (ed.).
3903:
Contrary to some interpretations, Hegel denies that this is the focal point of the
3758:
3426:
3410:
3344:
3215:
3166:
2966:"; in point of fact, however, Hegel characterizes his philosophy as "speculative" (
2935:
2841:
2474:
2470:
2262:
2181:
2126:
2103:
1885:
1881:
1825:
1791:
1724:
1632:
1227:
895:, 1895), an imaginary meeting that became proverbial due to Hegel's notable use of
642:
567:
20905:
19126:
13125:
13115:
12333:
12107:
11944:
11608:
11286:
10023:
8814:
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1995). Haldane, E. S.; Simson, Frances H. (eds.).
8769:
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1984c). Clark Butler and Christiane Seiler (ed.).
2319:(1797â1840) stifled the political reforms for which Hegel had hoped and advocated.
2257:
It is, in other words, (at least predominantly, dialectically) an account of what
2188:
grounding and the continuity of its conception of the nature-spirit relationship.
1384:
885:
848:) to which they contributed until the collaboration ended when Schelling left for
22040:
21896:
21836:
21826:
21727:
21692:
21687:
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21459:
21358:
21031:
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20910:
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20830:
20825:
20795:
20770:
20755:
20730:
20715:
20650:
20627:
20612:
20597:
20582:
20453:
20408:
20393:
20383:
20205:
20200:
20057:
20052:
20032:
20020:
19407:
19402:
19166:
19111:
19096:
19076:
19056:
19011:
18986:
18896:
18848:
18833:
18733:
18693:
18584:
18579:
18406:
18294:
18208:
18183:
17908:
A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful
17461:
17401:
17278:
17136:
16870:
16609:
16564:
16524:
16472:
16417:
16407:
16331:
16306:
16288:
16241:
16132:
16065:
16060:
15948:
15829:
15812:
15767:
15757:
15702:
15675:
15612:
15607:
15592:
15517:
15253:
15243:
14878:
14868:
14669:
14546:
14197:
14128:
14113:
14033:
14013:
13988:
13798:
13608:
13543:
13349:
13334:
13309:
13233:
13165:
13160:
13155:
13070:
13055:
13010:
12945:
12817:
12787:
12633:
12628:
12511:
12434:
12424:
12374:
12282:
12157:
12051:
11990:
11985:
11852:
11796:
11713:
11703:
11523:
11507:
11462:
11429:
11302:
11252:
11190:
11179:
10961:
10956:
10886:
10851:
10712:
10607:
10587:
10567:
10516:
10436:
10356:
10321:
10301:
10266:
10261:
10241:
10201:
10181:
10136:
10131:
9122:
de Laurentiis, Allegra (2009). "Absolute Knowing". In Kenneth R. Westphal (ed.).
8956:
8917:
8896:
4660:
4493:
for the sake of the necessary practical use of my reason unless I simultaneously
4252:
3797:
3542:
1796â97: 'The Oldest Systematic Program of German Idealism' (authorship disputed)
3506:
3324:
3303:
3280:
3260:
3223:
3073:
2813:
2715:
2648:
to present Hegel as "the father of art history." Indeed, until recently, Hegel's
2638:
2130:
2092:
2051:
2000:
1947:
1897:
1851:
1732:
1658:
1653:
1637:
1117:
were compiled from the lecture notes of his students and published posthumously.
719:
666:
658:
481:
418:
274:
12730:
11668:
11063:
9372:
9197:
di Giovanni, George (2000). "Factual Necessity: On H. S. Harris and Weltgeist".
8818:. Translated by Haldane, E. S.; Simson, Frances H. University of Nebraska Press.
4213:." His is the latter: "In fact right and all of its determinations are based on
1676:
1097:(second edition, 1827; third, 1830). In his political philosophy, he criticized
960:
21978:
21943:
21802:
21712:
21662:
21657:
21632:
21567:
21537:
21512:
21348:
21256:
21246:
20975:
20850:
20835:
20810:
20805:
20800:
20745:
20720:
20675:
20655:
20517:
20488:
20463:
20418:
20398:
20360:
20315:
20195:
20185:
20042:
19873:
19686:
19462:
19352:
19282:
19181:
19156:
19026:
18996:
18956:
18921:
18778:
18703:
18688:
18683:
18574:
18564:
18274:
18225:
18047:
18027:
17897:
17654:
17606:
17566:
17501:
17451:
17431:
17366:
17106:
16860:
16760:
16745:
16720:
16715:
16599:
16489:
16427:
16346:
16336:
16326:
16236:
16117:
16112:
16097:
16037:
16022:
15997:
15802:
15792:
15732:
15680:
15617:
15512:
15437:
15394:
15374:
15163:
15039:
15000:
14694:
14684:
14679:
14603:
14327:
14108:
14098:
13953:
13938:
13883:
13654:
13513:
13273:
13243:
13208:
13198:
13180:
13085:
13045:
12980:
12852:
12782:
12623:
12608:
12536:
12480:
12470:
12439:
12419:
12328:
12251:
12231:
12216:
12137:
12097:
11801:
11753:
11683:
11578:
11558:
11497:
11394:
11258:
11184:
10881:
10727:
10692:
10649:
10624:
10619:
10612:
10577:
10572:
10451:
10431:
10416:
10401:
10386:
10346:
10341:
10276:
10256:
10221:
10176:
10161:
10006:
8854:. Translated by Stewart, J. Michael; Hodgson, Peter C. Oxford University Press.
5815:
4594:) and the activity of thought as directed upon its own activities as "reason" (
3497:
3398:
3104:, understood as 'the belief that concepts are part of the structure of reality.
2836:
2711:
2645:
2383:
justice (as in, e.g., 'to administer justice'...but not justice as a virtue...)
2043:
1769:
1539:
1159:
1018:
875:
762:
219:
127:
21682:
13288:
12857:
11883:
11847:
11658:
10476:
9710:
Lectures on Natural Right and Political Science: The First Philosophy of Right
8852:
Lectures on Natural Right and Political Science: The First Philosophy of Right
8836:. Translated by Inwood, Michael J.; Miller, Arnold V. Oxford University Press.
4032:"Hegel differs from the Neoplatonists, however in that the his originary One (
3733:
History of Philosophy: 1819, 1820â21, 1823â24, 1825â26, 1827â28, 1829â30, 1831
3590:
1802: 'How Commonsense takes Philosophy, Illustrated by the Works of Mr. Krug'
2591:
1534:
1281:
1173:, who followed a theological path â lived long and safeguarded their father's
22126:
21953:
21797:
21742:
21642:
21622:
21612:
21582:
21572:
21479:
21420:
21281:
21111:
21021:
20970:
20940:
20930:
20860:
20855:
20845:
20705:
20695:
20685:
20660:
20527:
20505:
20423:
20330:
20303:
20288:
20230:
19913:
19467:
19176:
19161:
19151:
19136:
19086:
19041:
19001:
18936:
18931:
18901:
18768:
18708:
18650:
18374:
18188:
18077:
17867:
17726:
17649:
17591:
17506:
17486:
17346:
17298:
16790:
16730:
16680:
16519:
16457:
16442:
16341:
16256:
16185:
16137:
16045:
16027:
15772:
15697:
15580:
15560:
15472:
15427:
14638:
14397:
14123:
14073:
14038:
14018:
13998:
13563:
13283:
13248:
13238:
13218:
13150:
13100:
12965:
12955:
12740:
12715:
12603:
12577:
12465:
12246:
12117:
11723:
11653:
11628:
11618:
11573:
11273:
10946:
10911:
10836:
10671:
10506:
10456:
10391:
10351:
10211:
10191:
10141:
8809:. Translated by Suchting, W. A.; Geraets, Théodore F.; Harris, H. S. Hackett.
4767:
3493:
3482:
3422:
3284:
2821:
2817:
2806:
2466:
2442:
2258:
1549:
1426:
1374:
1236:
920:
627:
518:
17268:
12475:
10771:
10036:
9621:
Mueller, G. E. (1958). "The Hegel Legend of 'Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis'".
7962:
4209:" and a right that is "determined by the nature of the thing , i.e., by the
3942:. Hegel is only reviving the original sense of the term, according to which
3124:
in accounts of Hegel's philosophy that have since been broadly discredited.
2714:
consciousness in chapter IV and in Hegel's depiction of the struggle of the
2217:
has a wide range of meanings. In its most general Hegelian sense, however, "
1939:
It is clear then, that in Hegel's technical sense of the term, the concept (
1269:, which Hegel at this time viewed as "already 'grounded on universal Reason.
860:
ahead of him. Hegel attempted to enlist the help of the poet and translator
794:
22051:
22007:
21772:
21717:
21587:
21507:
21441:
21261:
20945:
20935:
20925:
20790:
20785:
20725:
20700:
20670:
20665:
20572:
20567:
20413:
20293:
20027:
19963:
19833:
19823:
19818:
19737:
19727:
19671:
19561:
19146:
19141:
19116:
19046:
18981:
18941:
18911:
18906:
18818:
18808:
18698:
18433:
18428:
18416:
18337:
18323:
18247:
17681:
17546:
17426:
17406:
17258:
17071:
17014:
16845:
16840:
16835:
16810:
16780:
16514:
16387:
16321:
16316:
16251:
16107:
16092:
15717:
15707:
15670:
15660:
15650:
15542:
15457:
15389:
15286:
14950:
14674:
14623:
14377:
14143:
14078:
13968:
13878:
13728:
13598:
13508:
13488:
13253:
13228:
13203:
13170:
13140:
13060:
13020:
12922:
12867:
12777:
12745:
12735:
12720:
12460:
12323:
12313:
12287:
12132:
12087:
11811:
11743:
11733:
11673:
11623:
11568:
11379:
11297:
11268:
11119:
10876:
10761:
10747:
10597:
10496:
10396:
10361:
10286:
10216:
10206:
10156:
10146:
9992:
7457:
4620:
4436:
of "making open" or "becoming manifest" and thus to be able to distinguish
3801:
3437:
3361:(1923), in particular, helped to reintroduce Hegel into the Marxist canon.
3207:
2482:
2446:
2434:
2110:
2014:
accommodates within itself the necessity of the realm of natural-spiritual
1185:
816:
559:
434:
430:
12618:
9017:
Bubner, RĂŒdiger (2007). "The Religion of Art". In Stephen Houlgate (ed.).
6394:
4719:
3369:
It has become commonplace to identify "French Hegel" with the lectures of
2403:
and stresses the metaphysical foundations of Hegel's philosophy of right.
2055:
will continue to make new discoveries". Philosophy is, as Hegel puts it, "
1970:" This movement is neither one concept nor the other, but the category of
1958:â without further determination" is indistinguishable from the concept of
21973:
21968:
21747:
21677:
21652:
21647:
21577:
21552:
21469:
20960:
20955:
20890:
20885:
20735:
20607:
20562:
20552:
20345:
20340:
20278:
20215:
19998:
19973:
19898:
19858:
19828:
19803:
19783:
19762:
19742:
19722:
19712:
19681:
19546:
19427:
19222:
19196:
19191:
18991:
18976:
18843:
18823:
18803:
18655:
18630:
18589:
18450:
18359:
18349:
18311:
18269:
18232:
18198:
17850:
17803:
17659:
17611:
17571:
17521:
17313:
16770:
16574:
16351:
16012:
15737:
15722:
15602:
15597:
15143:
15076:
14995:
14960:
14940:
14608:
14468:
14133:
14053:
13983:
13933:
13711:
13639:
13618:
13573:
13538:
13493:
13464:
13268:
13135:
12985:
12582:
12485:
12429:
12236:
12102:
11806:
11738:
11472:
11333:
11292:
11241:
11114:
11026:
10951:
10861:
10766:
10661:
10592:
10536:
10526:
10521:
10481:
10296:
10271:
10246:
10231:
10081:
9210:
3950:
is therefore to be taken in its literal meaning: a journey or adventure (
3219:
3211:
2873:
2830:
2722:
2486:
2458:
2391:
2294:
1740:
1719:
Hegel's philosophical system is divided into three parts: the science of
1515:
1277:
513:
Throughout his work, Hegel strove to address and correct the problematic
361:
14529:
9701:
Hegel's Realm of Shadows: Logic as Metaphysics in "The Science of Logic"
8751:
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1984a). H. S. Harris and W. Cerf (ed.).
3724:
Philosophy of World History: 1822â23, 1824â25, 1826â27, 1828â29, 1830â31
3680:
The Philosophy of Right, or Natural Law and Political Science in Outline
3580:; 'The Difference between Fichte's and Schelling's System of Philosophy'
2390:
Beiser observes that Hegel's theory is "his attempt to rehabilitate the
2376:). As a first approximation, Michael Inwood distinguishes three senses:
901:("world-soul") in reference to Napoleon ("the world-soul on horseback",
849:
22080:
21777:
21737:
21732:
21343:
21151:
21051:
20900:
20820:
20592:
20483:
20325:
20268:
20245:
20210:
20159:
20149:
20117:
20062:
19888:
19868:
19793:
19757:
19661:
19646:
19571:
19496:
19432:
19392:
18961:
18951:
18828:
18758:
18645:
18614:
18594:
18538:
18533:
18488:
18383:
17820:
17798:
17691:
17476:
17436:
17396:
17263:
17178:
16830:
16800:
16795:
16775:
16725:
16636:
16494:
16437:
16397:
16392:
16162:
16085:
15665:
15462:
15384:
15369:
15158:
15128:
15091:
15049:
15044:
14975:
14613:
14267:
13993:
13958:
13908:
13793:
13691:
13578:
13503:
12389:
11708:
11688:
11678:
11327:
11164:
10906:
10811:
10251:
9884:
Wood, Allen W. (1990). "Editor's Introduction". In H. B. Nisbet (ed.).
9642:
9356:
9075:
Historische Entwicklung der spekulativen Philosophie von Kant bis Hegel
8778:
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1998). H. S. Harris and W. Cerf (ed.).
7908:
6935:
3474:
3448:
3389:
By confining the dialectic to history, the dominant French readings of
3268:
3227:
3190:
3096:
knowledge â and so would lead to total skepticism. Hence, according to
2857:
2828:
with his concept of spirit, but rejects the core Lutheran doctrines of
2532:
2485:
model, in which only members of the lower house, that of commoners and
1872:
1759:
1288:
1110:
645:, having been taught it by his mother. In 1776, he entered Stuttgart's
538:
450:
9231:
di Giovanni, George (2009). "Religion, History, and Spirit in Hegel's
5779:
3721:
Philosophy of Right: 1818â19, 1819â20, 1821â22, 1822â23, 1824â25, 1831
2164:
Introducing Hegel's philosophy of nature for a 21st-century audience,
2050:
In contrast to the first, logical part of Hegel's system, the second,
1342:
contemporaries and received mostly negative reviews. To this day, the
1174:
21807:
21672:
21517:
21041:
20980:
20537:
20180:
20107:
20092:
20013:
19933:
19928:
19853:
19808:
19788:
19767:
19752:
19732:
19717:
19581:
19541:
19472:
19422:
19186:
19061:
18788:
18559:
18483:
18390:
18364:
18284:
17731:
17701:
17496:
17441:
17361:
17293:
17046:
16958:
16690:
16670:
16569:
16479:
16452:
16432:
16377:
16246:
16055:
15807:
15532:
15354:
15183:
15148:
15133:
15096:
14513:
14427:
14392:
14372:
13918:
13803:
13733:
13686:
13649:
13588:
13518:
13050:
12379:
12261:
11593:
11312:
10941:
10936:
10921:
10791:
10562:
10531:
10441:
10073:
9594:
Marx, Karl (1978). "Theses On Feuerback". In Robert C. Tucker (ed.).
9490:
Reason in Religion: The Foundations of Hegel's Philosophy of Religion
9424:
Houlgate, Stephen (2007). "Introduction". In Stephen Houlgate (ed.).
9348:
New Perspectives in German Literary Criticism: A Collection of Essays
7911:." International Journal of Ethics, vol. 6, no. 4, 1896, pp. 479â502.
4296:
during the same period. These two modes of absolute spirit, although
4040:
and Proclus, Hegel rejects the possibility of any separate infinity."
3925:, pp. 1â29. Endnotes in the latter supply additional references.
3390:
3307:
3295:
in politics. Recent studies, however, have questioned this paradigm.
3252:
3237:
2978:), when they are thought through in their fixedness and opposition."
2951:
2689:
2290:
1860:
is Hegel's attempt to meet this foundational demand. As he puts it, "
1529:
1307:
1259:
In this respect, Hegel was particularly taken with the phenomenon of
1221:
1189:
1140:
1132:, 3rd Class for his service to the Prussian state. In August 1831, a
1001:
897:
773:
614:
606:
534:
530:
526:
497:
465:
401:
77:
18123:
9740:
Before and after Hegel: A Historical Introduction to Hegel's Thought
9634:
9390:
Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, v.3: The Consummate Religion
9055:
Subjects of Desire: Hegelian Reflections in Twentieth-Century France
8753:
The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling's System of Philosophy
8082:
6442:
3715:
Philosophy of Nature: 1819â20, 1821â22, 1823â24, 1825â26, 1828, 1830
3173:
in direct engagement with Hegel's texts. Prominent members included
3060:). Idealism, then, "is the doctrine that finite entities are ideal (
2911:
person (the pharaoh or emperor) was free. In the Greco-Roman world,
1962:, and that, in this "passing back and forth" of being and nothing, "
837:
The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling's System of Philosophy
596:
21752:
21316:
20895:
20632:
20225:
20190:
20164:
20144:
20097:
19908:
19863:
19747:
19651:
19641:
19606:
19576:
19397:
18873:
18599:
18569:
18528:
18523:
18289:
18264:
18032:
17766:
17716:
17696:
17561:
17076:
17041:
16675:
16660:
16584:
16579:
16544:
16534:
16447:
16382:
16356:
15874:
15864:
15349:
15344:
15339:
15291:
15138:
15054:
15022:
14935:
14927:
14618:
14593:
14561:
14556:
14367:
13928:
13783:
13558:
13523:
13190:
10821:
10732:
10687:
9970:
9966:
8397:
4563:, pp. 736â53]. In the courses on the philosophy of right,
4472:
and maintains whatever distinction Hegel may have intended between
4037:
3938:, and there is no need to replace it with another synonym, such as
3718:
Philosophy of Subjective Spirit: 1820, 1822, 1825, 1827â28, 1829â30
3024:
2954:â the movement of freedom back to the East may already have begun.
2849:
2424:
2406:
Observing that "analyzing the structure of Hegel's argument in the
2226:
1876:
1205:
1071:
723:
722:
dampened Hegel's hopes, he continued to identify with the moderate
543:
438:
9841:
The Cambridge Companion to Hegel and Nineteenth-Century Philosophy
9796:
The Cambridge Companion to Hegel and Nineteenth-Century Philosophy
9683:
The Cambridge Companion to Hegel and Nineteenth-Century Philosophy
9399:
The Cambridge Companion to Hegel and Nineteenth-Century Philosophy
9310:
Harris, H. S. (1993). "Hegel's Intellectual Development to 1807".
8948:
The Cambridge Companion to Hegel and Nineteenth-Century Philosophy
8841:
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (2010b). George di Giovanni (ed.).
7589:
6382:
22018:
21607:
21353:
21266:
20154:
20122:
20112:
19883:
19843:
19676:
19601:
19586:
19566:
18635:
18498:
18279:
18237:
18220:
17845:
17793:
17751:
17736:
17706:
16700:
16589:
16554:
16509:
16504:
16499:
16412:
16402:
15123:
15034:
14955:
14945:
14588:
14541:
14217:
13923:
13853:
13823:
13788:
13723:
13681:
13666:
13533:
12862:
11613:
11204:
10722:
10602:
9794:
Stern, Robert (2008). "Hegel's Idealism". In Frederick C. (ed.).
8832:
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (2010a). Michael J. Inwood (ed.).
8742:
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1978). Michael John Petry (ed.).
8706:
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1970). Michael John Petry (ed.).
3695:, 2nd edn, with extensive revisions to Book 1 (published in 1832)
3658:
1817: 'Review of Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi's Works, Volume Three'
3288:
3202:
3194:
2853:
2737:
2076:
1736:
1311:
1155:
1133:
933:
832:
21389:
10052:
10028:
9945:
9267:
Hegel, Religion, Economics, and the Politics of Spirit 1770â1807
8845:. Translated by di Giovanni, George. Cambridge University Press.
4598:), which, in contrast to understanding, is speculative. Because
4424:, and also accords with Hodgson's translational practice in the
3455:(1932â2022), known for his work on Hegel and American Pragmatism
3248:
2531:
It is with reference to different modalities of consciousness â
2473:, he was just as "unwavering and unequivocal" in his defense of
1476:
Although Hegel seemed during his Berlin years to have abandoned
874:, as Napoleon engaged Prussian troops on 14 October 1806 in the
749:(1770â1843) was one of Hegel's closest friends and roommates at
714:
and Lessing during this time. They watched the unfolding of the
468:, Holy Roman Empire, during the transitional period between the
22000:
20102:
19903:
19691:
19666:
19656:
19626:
19611:
19417:
18508:
18478:
18330:
18242:
18173:
17778:
17756:
17686:
17664:
16685:
16626:
16559:
16484:
16361:
15971:
15193:
15086:
14965:
13813:
13763:
13676:
13548:
11307:
10755:
6562:
6418:
6319:
5851:
4616:
3315:
2337:(revised 1827 and 1830) and then at greater length in the 1821
2331:
This part of Hegel's philosophy is presented first in his 1817
2246:
1763:
1378:
1303:
1079:
1067:
555:
313:
105:
13433:
10995:
9652:
Modern Freedom: Hegel's Legal, Moral, and Political Philosophy
8385:
8373:
7793:
6360:
6358:
6097:
4231:
or right as modified by his own distinct philosophical terms.
3773:
3527:
Published articles are in quotes; book titles are italicized.
1139:
reached Berlin and Hegel left the city, taking up lodgings in
20132:
19621:
19556:
18518:
18513:
18493:
18301:
17551:
17147:
16665:
16655:
14970:
14523:
14318:
Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments
13913:
13863:
10856:
10697:
9719:"Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: 1. Life, Work, and Influence"
9692:
Hegel's Practical Philosophy: Rational Agency as Ethical Life
8859:
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (2011). Ruben Alvarado (ed.).
7817:
7805:
7781:
7334:
7298:
6947:
6754:
6259:
6223:
4772:
4583:
4532:
For detailed accounts of this development see, for instance,
2876:
narrowly construed, Hegel's metaphysics of spirit supplies a
1996:
1821:
1728:
1362:), runs more than three times the length of the text itself.
1265:
1217:
571:
8868:
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (2018). Terry Pinkard (ed.).
8796:
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1991a). H. B. Nisbet (ed.).
8733:
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1975b). H. B. Nisbet (ed.).
8624:
8046:
7769:
6694:
6634:
6550:
5240:
5238:
5213:
5211:
5209:
1192:(384â322 BCE) and the ancient Greeks were a major influence.
1017:; 3 vols., 1812, 1813 and 1816), and the birth of two sons,
21757:
20127:
19551:
18503:
17772:
17746:
16927:
An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
16705:
16621:
16467:
16462:
16422:
14551:
13858:
13838:
13833:
13758:
13716:
13701:
11263:
10796:
9780:, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2021 ed.)
9515:
Kant, Immanuel (1998). Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood (ed.).
9068:, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2022 ed.)
9000:, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2021 ed.)
8872:. Translated by Pinkard, Terry. Cambridge University Press.
8648:
8588:
8578:
8576:
8561:
8181:
7914:
7889:
7841:
7673:
7613:
6923:
6355:
6160:
4579:
4007:
to the Berlin system: "whilst everyone recognizes that the
3767:
3311:
3186:
1982:
1905:
1213:
828:
807:
9102:
What Is Living and What Is Dead of the Philosophy of Hegel
8349:
7998:
7950:
7733:
7721:
7601:
7082:
6959:
6766:
6003:
6001:
5743:
5431:
5100:
5098:
5096:
4795:
4770:[Duden | He-gel | Spelling, Meaning, Definition].
4326:
For discussion from two quite different perspectives, see
4036:) is immanent in the onto-noÄtic universe. In contrast to
3279:
Restoration period. The Left Hegelians, also known as the
2109:
This is to say that what makes the philosophy of the real
1029:
Having received offers of a post from the Universities of
814:. Hegel secured a position at the University of Jena as a
718:
with shared enthusiasm. Although the violence of the 1793
521:
and otherwise, typically by drawing upon the resources of
19696:
19591:
17741:
16631:
15940:
14633:
9940:
8898:
The Fate of Reason: German Philosophy from Kant to Fichte
8800:. Translated by Nisbet, H. B. Cambridge University Press.
8737:. Translated by Nisbet, H. B. Cambridge University Press.
8735:
Lectures on the Philosophy of World History: Introduction
8481:
8313:
8145:
8111:
8109:
7986:
7697:
7375:
7373:
7286:
7274:
7250:
7154:
6742:
6670:
6658:
6454:
6370:
6189:
6187:
5976:
5974:
5707:
5503:
5479:
5322:
5286:
5274:
5262:
5250:
5235:
5223:
5206:
5194:
5146:
5069:
5045:
4768:"Duden | He-gel | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition"
4643:
3770:
3509:. McDowell is particularly interested in dispelling the "
1043:
The Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Outline
9690:
Pippin, Robert (2008b). "9. Institutional rationality".
8863:. Translated by Alvarado, Aalten. Wordbridge Publishing.
8660:
8636:
8612:
8573:
8421:
8361:
8337:
8325:
8265:
8229:
8205:
7926:
7853:
7625:
7565:
7481:
7346:
7214:
7202:
7190:
7142:
7130:
7118:
7060:
7058:
7007:
6971:
6839:
6718:
6622:
6514:
6466:
6133:
6109:
6013:
5671:
5057:
4997:
4019:
as an earlier work, while others go on to disparage the
3833:
For a discussion of this philosophical controversy, see
2962:
Hegel is often credited with proceeding according to a "
936:
and stayed with Niethammer to oversee the proofs of the
856:
protesting the promotion of his philosophical adversary
14258:
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
8746:. Translated by Petry, Michael John. D. Reidel Pub. Co.
8710:. Translated by Petry, Michael John. Allen & Unwin.
8521:
8034:
8031:, p. 272, all-caps removed from cross-referenced terms.
7974:
7877:
7745:
7649:
7637:
7529:
7505:
7070:
7043:
6911:
6875:
6863:
6574:
6526:
6430:
6406:
6343:
6271:
6235:
6211:
6150:
6148:
6121:
6073:
6061:
6025:
5998:
5986:
5947:
5863:
5755:
5719:
5551:
5093:
5033:
4432:
we have settled on "revelatory" in order to stress the
3244:
Marxist philosophy § Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
2548:); and philosophy presents it in the form of concepts (
2544:); religion presents it in the form of representation (
2137:
attempting to explain life in strictly chemical terms.
1021:(1813â1901) and Immanuel Thomas Christian (1814â1891).
789:
533:-speculative procedure is grounded in the principle of
9339:
Der Salon von H. Heine Volume: Zweiter Band (Volume 2)
9124:
The Blackwell Guide to Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit
8253:
8169:
8157:
8121:
8106:
8070:
8058:
7829:
7661:
7469:
7445:
7385:
7370:
7358:
7238:
7226:
7106:
7031:
6887:
6851:
6827:
6815:
6790:
6730:
6682:
6538:
6502:
6490:
6331:
6184:
5971:
5959:
5899:
5683:
5635:
5491:
5310:
5298:
5170:
5158:
5134:
5122:
5110:
5081:
4961:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4921:
3536:
1793â94: 'Fragments on Folk Religion and Christianity'
3332:
the world, in various ways; the point, however, is to
2561:
Although Hegel's discussion of absolute spirit in the
1919:, and define what it is to be "an object in general."
19273:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
17958:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
9408:
An introduction to Hegel: Freedom, Truth, and History
9142:
Hegel's Anthropology: Life, Psyche, and Second Nature
8719:. Translated by Knox, T. M. Chicago University Press.
8277:
8241:
8133:
7865:
7685:
7577:
7493:
7433:
7421:
7397:
7322:
7166:
7055:
6995:
6983:
6706:
6610:
6598:
6586:
6478:
6307:
6295:
6283:
6247:
6172:
6085:
6037:
5875:
5839:
5827:
5803:
5791:
5539:
5358:
5182:
5021:
5009:
4894:
4638:
While widely regarded as a technical Hegelian term, "
4023:
as a misleading guide to Hegel's ultimate position)."
4003:
makes a point about the more general relation of the
2860:
as "that of which nothing greater can be conceived."
2565:
is quite brief, he develops his account at length in
2386:'the law' as a principle, or 'the laws' collectively.
1915:; its categories, according to Hegel, are built into
1070:, where he met with Goethe for the last time, and to
697:, where he had as roommates the poet and philosopher
9805:
Petrified Intelligence: Nature in Hegel's Philosophy
9417:
The Opening of Hegel's Logic: From Being to Infinity
9388:
Hodgson, Peter C. (1985). "Editorial Introduction".
8825:
The Early Political Writings of the German Romantics
8728:. Translated by Knox, T. M. Oxford University Press.
8672:
8445:
8433:
8301:
8289:
8217:
8010:
7938:
7757:
7709:
7553:
7541:
7409:
7178:
7019:
6646:
6145:
5935:
5923:
5911:
5659:
5611:
5599:
5587:
5575:
5563:
5527:
5515:
5467:
5443:
5346:
5334:
4973:
4882:
4502:
of pure reason to be impossible. Thus I had to deny
3563:
1798â1800: 'The Spirit of Christianity and its Fate'
2957:
2884:
sequence of "system-identifying" concepts of truth.
2852:
conceptions found in orthodox Christianity and from
22208:
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
8782:. Translated by Harris, H. S.; Cerf, W. SUNY Press.
8755:. Translated by Harris, H. S.; Cerf, W. SUNY Press.
8600:
8549:
8493:
8457:
8409:
7262:
6899:
6049:
5455:
5407:
4985:
4949:
4937:
4918:
4906:
4854:
4053:, Book V, 11, 1018b, 30â6; Book IX, 8, 1050a, 3â20.
3764:
3761:
3539:
1795â96: 'The Positivity of the Christian Religion'
3226:. In theology, Hegel's influence marks the work of
3041:'to annul, abolish, destroy, cancel, suspend'; and,
2744:of spirit makes transparent what is only obscurely
425:. His influence extends across the entire range of
9911:"He-gel: Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition".
8469:
8193:
7094:
6778:
6199:
5887:
5731:
5695:
5647:
3516:
2087:, however, points out that the German expression "
1843:and is sometimes known as the "Lesser Logic." The
1287:Hegel also read widely and was much influenced by
1062:, were harassed and put under the surveillance of
10074:Articles related to Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
9479:Inwood, Michael (2018). "Editor's Introduction".
5623:
5419:
3966:. The journey undertaken by consciousness in the
3263:, the allegedly direct disciples of Hegel at the
1731:(the latter two of which together constitute the
1024:
597:Stuttgart, TĂŒbingen, Berne, Frankfurt (1770â1800)
22124:
3866:that is responsible for this common error. (See
2699:
1589:
889:"Hegel and Napoleon in Jena" (illustration from
779:The Oldest Systematic Program of German Idealism
22343:Presidents of the Humboldt University of Berlin
9998:Works by or about Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
9725:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University
8791:. Translated by Taubeneck, Steven A. Continuum.
6812:, pp. 274â77, "Spirit" for an elaboration.
5776:, vol. 1, p. 377, n. 25; Harris's scare quotes.
3727:Philosophy of Art: 1820â21, 1823, 1826, 1828â29
3116:This terminology, largely developed earlier by
2003:that is fully existent and universal: "Hegel's
1954:, Hegel claims to display that the thought of "
1449:Another way of putting this is to say that the
8888:French Hegel: From Surrealism to Postmodernism
3730:Philosophy of Religion: 1821, 1824, 1827, 1831
3566:1800â02: 'The Constitution of Germany' (draft)
3560:(Hegel's translation is published anonymously)
3436:and the anti-racist and anti-colonial work of
3382:. The later reading, drawing instead upon the
3111:
2706:Religion is a major theme throughout the 1807
2079:begins its flight only with the onset of dusk.
1325:
22293:People educated at Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium
21405:
19512:
18139:
17163:
15956:
14484:
13449:
11011:
10097:
9820:
9589:(100th Anniversary ed.). Humanity Books.
9357:"Hegel's Logic as Presuppositionless Science"
9169:
9157:
9139:
9133:Historiae Mundi: Studies in Universal History
9130:
9121:
9108:
9046:The Logic of Hegel's 'Logic': An Introduction
8088:
8052:
7847:
7823:
7811:
7799:
7463:
7340:
7316:
7304:
6965:
6953:
6772:
6760:
6640:
6568:
6424:
6265:
4193:
4161:in the concrete content as in its actuality."
1904:as (drawing upon, yet also in opposition to,
1700:
20018:
18381:
18335:
18321:
17888:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons
16903:Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel
9904:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
9247:di Giovanni, George (2010). "Introduction".
9012:. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
4760:
4725:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
4669:, however, is one classic introductory text.
4255:, German scholar and editor of the critical
1050:'s death in 1814. Here, Hegel published his
903:
500:account of history, and his lectures at the
30:"Hegel" redirects here. For other uses, see
19954:
9541:
9255:
9246:
9230:
9217:
9196:
8187:
7631:
7619:
6448:
6388:
6364:
5749:
5376:
5370:
4578:With respect to terminology, Hegel follows
4387:
3880:. As Peperzak puts it (commenting upon the
2904:Lectures on the Philosophy of World History
2797:
2297:approach to what is today theorized as the
2191:
2118:
1900:George di Giovanni likewise interprets the
1776:Furthermore, the final sections of Hegel's
1369:includes Hegel's first presentation of the
1239:(1724â1804) was a major influence on Hegel.
820:(unsalaried lecturer) after submitting the
761:(house tutor) to an aristocratic family in
417:and one of the most influential figures of
21412:
21398:
19519:
19505:
18146:
18132:
17170:
17156:
15963:
15949:
14498:
14491:
14477:
13456:
13442:
11018:
11004:
10111:
10104:
10090:
9276:The Religious Dimension of Hegel's Thought
9273:
9188:Dewey, John (1981). J.J. McDermott (ed.).
8699:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel bibliography
8403:
7526:, pp. vâviii, translator's Prefatory Note.
4828:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4533:
4279:The Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion
3523:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel bibliography
3100:, Hegel's idealism, "amounts to a form of
2682:
2663:distinguishing works of aesthetic worth."
2659:of art, making possible an account of the
2157:an organism is it possible to explain the
1707:
1693:
1604:Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences
1494:Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences
1461:writes that the guiding conviction of the
1220:â came first." Although he later elevated
689:At the age of eighteen, Hegel entered the
507:Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences
413:(27 August 1770 â 14 November 1831) was a
172:Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences
49:
15890:Relationship between religion and science
9300:
9072:
9043:
9034:
8984:
8975:
8654:
8630:
8594:
8582:
8319:
6796:
6688:
6556:
6376:
4678:For instance, in the Introduction to his
4277:, p. 288, is (oddly) to be found in
3784:[ËÉĄeËÉÊkËvÉȘlhÉlmËfÊiËdÊÉȘçËheËÉĄlÌ©]
2498:
2453:Hegel describes the state of his time, a
2033:
1603:
22213:Academic staff of the University of Jena
21929:Fundamental theory of Catholic canon law
19526:
9847:
9838:
9829:
9746:
9737:
9707:
9649:
9533:Kroner, Richard (1971). "Introduction".
9523:
9505:
9496:
9487:
9432:
9423:
9414:
9405:
9291:
9282:
9025:
9007:A Spirit of Trust: A Reading of Hegel's
8850:Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (2010c).
8724:Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1975a).
8666:
8618:
8567:
8427:
8391:
8379:
8367:
8355:
8343:
8331:
8235:
8103:, pp. xxxvâxxxvi, editors' Introduction.
8040:
7980:
7956:
7932:
7920:
7895:
7859:
7835:
7787:
7679:
7511:
7352:
7208:
7196:
7172:
7148:
7013:
6977:
6929:
6845:
6724:
6700:
6520:
6484:
6412:
6349:
6277:
6253:
6229:
6217:
6079:
6031:
6019:
6007:
5905:
5881:
5761:
5689:
5641:
5545:
5437:
5104:
5087:
5075:
5063:
4537:
4331:
4077:
4049:Beiser refers the reader to Aristotle's
3984:
3867:
3864:la dialectique du maĂźtre et de l'esclave
3862:'s influential account of what he calls
3706:
3447:
3247:
3185:. Separately, some philosophers such as
2999:(c) speculative or positively rational (
2992:(b) dialectical or negatively rational (
2867:
2801:
2601:National Archaeological Museum of Athens
2590:
2509:
2311:
2197:
2037:
1991:, Hegel's usage harks back to the Greek
1383:
1226:
1184:
1084:
959:
884:
793:
740:
693:, a Protestant seminary attached to the
676:
600:
21102:Reflections on the Revolution in France
16935:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
10062:Hegelâs Social and Political Philosophy
10022:Andrew Chitty's (University of Sussex)
9787:Hegel and the 'Phenomenology of Spirit'
9723:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
9716:
9689:
9680:
9658:
9620:
9614:Hegel's Aesthetics: The Art of Idealism
9584:
9499:G.W.F. Hegel: Critical Assessments v.IV
9469:
9460:
9396:
9387:
9354:
9345:
9178:
9090:
9004:
8915:
8894:
8744:Hegel's Philosophy of Subjective Spirit
8715:Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1971).
8642:
8451:
8295:
8016:
7775:
7751:
7739:
7727:
7655:
7643:
7583:
7319:, 207 (quoting Hegel, her translation).
7088:
7049:
7025:
6917:
6241:
6154:
6127:
6067:
5992:
5713:
5677:
5509:
5497:
5485:
5461:
5328:
5316:
5304:
5292:
5280:
5268:
5256:
5244:
5229:
5217:
5200:
5176:
5164:
5152:
5140:
5128:
5116:
5051:
5027:
5015:
5003:
4967:
4931:
4912:
4900:
4872:
4860:
4807:
4801:
4586:) in defining the activity of thought (
4327:
4314:
4304:overlap or intersect in ancient Greece.
4081:
3988:
3834:
3700:Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences
3686:Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences
3666:Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences
2820:would have recognized Hegel's claim to
1487:
1388:Title page of the original 1807 edition
14:
22218:Burials at the Dorotheenstadt Cemetery
22125:
14816:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology
10007:Works by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
9967:Works by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
9811:
9755:
9698:
9667:
9611:
9532:
9478:
9441:
9327:
9318:
9309:
9264:
9148:
9081:
9061:
9052:
9016:
8993:
8954:
8945:
8936:
8849:
8840:
8831:
8804:
8795:
8768:
8762:Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion
8759:
8750:
8732:
8723:
8678:
8527:
8463:
8415:
8259:
8247:
8223:
8211:
8175:
8163:
8151:
8139:
8127:
8115:
8100:
8028:
8004:
7992:
7968:
7901:
7883:
7871:
7763:
7715:
7703:
7691:
7667:
7595:
7571:
7559:
7547:
7475:
7451:
7439:
7415:
7403:
7391:
7379:
7364:
7328:
7292:
7280:
7256:
7244:
7232:
7220:
7160:
7136:
7124:
7112:
7037:
6989:
6905:
6893:
6881:
6869:
6857:
6833:
6821:
6809:
6748:
6736:
6676:
6664:
6616:
6604:
6544:
6532:
6508:
6496:
6472:
6460:
6436:
6337:
6325:
6313:
6289:
6193:
6166:
6139:
6115:
6103:
6091:
6043:
5980:
5965:
5953:
5893:
5857:
5845:
5821:
5797:
5785:
5773:
5737:
5725:
5665:
5653:
5617:
5605:
5593:
5581:
5569:
5557:
5533:
5521:
5391:
5385:
5379:Hegel en son Temps (BERLIN, 1818â1831)
5364:
5352:
5340:
5188:
5039:
4991:
4979:
4955:
4943:
4888:
4560:
4554:
4458:Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences
4421:
4417:
4400:
4293:Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion
4274:
4108:
3980:
3922:
3918:
3552:1797â98: 'Drafts on Religion and Love'
3443:
3364:
2777:Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion
2770:
2611:, and even in the 1817 edition of the
2567:lectures on the philosophy of fine art
2449:as a whole, including the government."
1280:tradition, in particular, the work of
1177:, and produced editions of his works.
21393:
19500:
18153:
18127:
17151:
15944:
14472:
14288:Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics
13437:
13365:Romanticism and the French Revolution
10999:
10902:Violence § Philosophical perspectives
10085:
10072:
9982:
9874:
9865:
9856:
9802:
9793:
9784:
9773:
9575:
9550:
9336:
9187:
9099:
8885:
8867:
8861:Lectures on the History of Philosophy
8858:
8822:
8816:Lectures on the History of Philosophy
8813:
8786:
8777:
8741:
8714:
8705:
8606:
8555:
8539:
8511:
8499:
8487:
8475:
8283:
8271:
8199:
8076:
8064:
7944:
7535:
7523:
7499:
7487:
7427:
7064:
6941:
6784:
6712:
6652:
6592:
6580:
6400:
6301:
6205:
6178:
6055:
5941:
5929:
5917:
5869:
5833:
5809:
5701:
5629:
5473:
5425:
4741:
4737:
4735:
4111:, §83]. The dialectic of Hegel's
3917:See, for instance, the discussion in
3782:
3634:1808â16: 'Philosophical Propaedeutic'
3470:The Journal of Speculative Philosophy
2824:. Hegel embraces the doctrine of the
2317:King Frederick William III of Prussia
2249:imperative with which Hegel begins: "
2057:its own time comprehended in thoughts
1804:that used to be taken to express the
1610:
1596:
1457:In praise of Hegel's accomplishment,
665:. In 1844, Hegel's first biographer,
22298:People from the Duchy of WĂŒrttemberg
22278:Infectious disease deaths in Germany
14388:Interpretations of quantum mechanics
14308:The World as Will and Representation
9892:
9883:
9764:
9602:
9593:
9514:
9220:Journal of the History of Philosophy
8439:
8307:
7607:
7268:
7184:
7100:
7076:
7001:
6628:
5449:
5413:
4712:
4699:(pp. 341â43) by Kenneth R. Westphal.
4659:The literature on this is enormous.
4344:
3807:within that orbit on 1 January 1801.
3742:
2890:German has two words for "history,"
2580:
2399:documents Hegel's arguments against
2268:
1441:In the course of its dialectic, the
790:Jena, Bamberg, Nuremberg (1801â1816)
613:Hegel was born on 27 August 1770 in
22091:
21857:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
21212:The End of History and the Last Man
21122:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
16951:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
10054:Hegel: Social and Political Thought
9886:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
9537:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
9073:ChalybÀus, Heinrich Moritz (1860).
8798:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
5394:"Hegel in Berlin â Jacques D'Hondt"
4491:assume God, freedom and immortality
3287:sense, leading to an advocation of
2622:titled his edition of the Lectures
2356:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
2307:
1783:
1611:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
1052:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
835:. Later in the year, Hegel's essay
609:, which now houses the Hegel Museum
179:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
24:
22358:Writers about religion and science
10016:
9951:
9946:The Hegel Society of Great Britain
9039:. McGill-Queen's University Press.
4732:
3889:, and the 'slave' is the rational
2948:International Bill of Human Rights
2930:Some commentators â most notably,
2505:
1735:). This structure is adopted from
864:to obtain a post at the renascent
800:Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
591:
25:
22374:
21419:
9958:Presentation by Terry Pinkard on
9921:
9877:The Bloomsbury Companion to Hegel
9850:The Bloomsbury Companion to Hegel
9823:The Bloomsbury Companion to Hegel
9749:The Bloomsbury Companion to Hegel
9742:. University of California Press.
9672:". In Frederick C. Beiser (ed.).
9508:The Bloomsbury Companion to Hegel
9492:. University of California Press.
9472:The Bloomsbury Companion to Hegel
9463:The Bloomsbury Companion to Hegel
9392:. University of California Press.
9258:The Bloomsbury Companion to Hegel
9235:". In Kenneth R. Westphal (ed.).
9181:The Bloomsbury Companion to Hegel
9093:The Bloomsbury Companion to Hegel
4697:The Bloomsbury Companion to Hegel
4695:article, originally compiled for
4523:(University of California Press).
4444:, which refers to something that
4399:See the corresponding section of
4130:Outlines of Logic and Metaphysics
3821:
3599:1802â03: 'System of Ethical Life'
2958:Dialectics, speculation, idealism
2637:Some critics â most canonically,
2066:A further word on the subject of
2062:He expands upon this definition:
1420:This does not, however, make the
842:Kritische Journal der Philosophie
22193:19th-century German philosophers
22188:19th-century German male writers
22163:18th-century German philosophers
22158:18th-century German male writers
22090:
22075:
22066:
22065:
21182:The Open Society and Its Enemies
19343:The Closing of the American Mind
19263:Civilization and Its Discontents
19243:A Vindication of Natural Society
18106:
17132:
17131:
15925:
15924:
15914:
14451:
14441:
14440:
13418:
13417:
9974:
9859:The Cambridge Companion to Hegel
9832:The Cambridge Companion to Hegel
9674:The Cambridge Companion to Hegel
9554:Hegel and the Hermetic Tradition
9428:. Northwestern University Press.
9312:The Cambridge Companion to Hegel
9144:. Northwestern University Press.
9028:The Cambridge Companion to Hegel
9021:. Northwestern University Press.
8958:The German Historicist Tradition
8919:The Cambridge Companion to Hegel
8726:Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art
6802:
5824:, vol. 2, p. 527; caps modified.
4832:
4744:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
4685:
4672:
4653:
4632:
4609:
4572:
4543:
4526:
4513:
4483:
4410:
4393:
4386:As documented, for instance, in
4380:
4367:
4350:
4337:
4320:
4307:
4284:
4267:
4245:
4235:
4221:, which is the very contrary of
4199:
4186:
4164:
4147:
4118:
4101:
4087:
4070:
4056:
4043:
4026:
3994:
3973:
3928:
3921:, ch. 10 or the Introduction to
3757:
3587:, edited by Schelling and Hegel)
1501:
653:and writers associated with the
400:
22328:German philosophers of religion
22313:German philosophers of language
22253:German male non-fiction writers
22238:German historians of philosophy
19989:Family as a model for the state
14238:Meditations on First Philosophy
13463:
11025:
9767:Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit
9623:Journal of the History of Ideas
9576:Magee, Glenn Alexander (2011).
9551:Magee, Glenn Alexander (2001).
9544:Hegel's Critique of Metaphysics
9435:Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit
9237:The Blackwell Guide to Hegel's
9140:de Laurentiis, Allegra (2021).
4837:"Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel"
3911:
3897:
3840:
3827:
3810:
3790:
3517:Publications and other writings
3500:(sometimes referred to as the "
3358:History and Class Consciousness
3299:through the Marxist tradition.
2985:(a) abstract and intellectual (
2673:
2349:Hegel's lectures on the subject
1831:There are two texts of Hegel's
1120:Hegel was appointed University
784:
624:Karl Eugen, Duke of WĂŒrttemberg
204:
194:Marie Helena Susanna von Tucher
22308:German philosophers of history
21887:Natural Law and Natural Rights
21339:Separation of church and state
21237:Collectivism and individualism
21192:The Origins of Totalitarianism
17177:
16919:The Theory of Moral Sentiments
16289:Value monism â Value pluralism
9703:. University of Chicago Press.
9542:Longuenesse, BĂ©atrice (2007).
9192:. University of Chicago Press.
9165:. University Press of Florida.
8985:Bernstein, Richard J. (2023).
8976:Bernstein, Richard J. (2010).
8922:. Cambridge University Press.
8895:Beiser, Frederick C. (1993a).
4153:"The concept of philosophy is
3954:), which arrives at a result (
3749:
3585:Critical Journal of Philosophy
3328:: "The philosophers have only
3265:Friedrich-Wilhelms-UniversitÀt
3238:"Right" vs. "Left" Hegelianism
2514:Hegel with his Berlin students
1310:, as well as his attention to
1162:, who became a historian; and
1025:Heidelberg, Berlin (1816â1831)
927:in which he remarked that the
846:Critical Journal of Philosophy
484:. His fame rests chiefly upon
27:German philosopher (1770â1831)
13:
1:
22353:University of TĂŒbingen alumni
22258:German political philosophers
22183:19th-century German essayists
22178:19th-century German educators
22148:18th-century German educators
22133:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
21379:Category:Political philosophy
21252:Critique of political economy
19233:Oration on the Dignity of Man
13388:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
10038:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
9897:. Cambridge University Press.
9888:. Cambridge University Press.
9861:. Cambridge University Press.
9843:. Cambridge University Press.
9834:. Cambridge University Press.
9816:. Cambridge University Press.
9798:. Cambridge University Press.
9777:Georg [György] Lukåcs
9769:. Cambridge University Press.
9760:. Cambridge University Press.
9694:. Cambridge University Press.
9685:. Cambridge University Press.
9676:. Cambridge University Press.
9663:. Cambridge University Press.
9654:. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
9650:Peperzak, Adriaan T. (2001).
9546:. Cambridge University Press.
9519:. Cambridge University Press.
9401:. Cambridge University Press.
9350:. Princeton University Press.
9314:. Cambridge University Press.
9287:. Cambridge University Press.
9269:. Cambridge University Press.
9251:. Cambridge University Press.
9065:Positive and Negative Liberty
9030:. Cambridge University Press.
8955:Beiser, Frederick C. (2011).
8950:. Cambridge University Press.
8937:Beiser, Frederick C. (2005).
8827:. Cambridge University Press.
4691:List, since emended for this
4452:he described Christianity as
3038:'to raise, to hold, lift up';
2632:Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten
2624:Vorlesungen ĂŒber die Ăsthetik
1680:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
1508:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
1180:
1149:Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Solger
972:In Bamberg, as editor of the
966:Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer
880:Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer
411:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
43:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
22268:Heidelberg University alumni
21277:Institutional discrimination
21272:History of political thought
20004:Negative and positive rights
19303:The Society of the Spectacle
18018:Aestheticization of politics
16983:On the Genealogy of Morality
16943:Critique of Practical Reason
15855:Desacralization of knowledge
14423:Philosophy of space and time
9941:The Hegel Society of America
9926:
9305:, Cambridge University Press
9274:Fackenheim, Emil L. (1967).
9190:The Philosophy of John Dewey
9153:. Columbia University Press.
9057:. Columbia University Press.
8901:. Harvard University Press.
8878:
8708:Hegel's Philosophy of Nature
7909:Hegel's Theory of Punishment
7466:, p. 9, emphases added.
4706:
3547:Frankfurt am Main, 1797â1800
3463:, the influence of Hegel on
3160:
1204:â an enthusiastic reader of
651:Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock
7:
22333:German philosophy academics
22323:German philosophers of mind
22168:18th-century German writers
21964:Libertarian theories of law
21287:Justification for the state
21072:Two Treatises of Government
15267:Best of all possible worlds
15224:Eschatological verification
14781:Fine-tuning of the universe
14298:The Phenomenology of Spirit
10827:Interpellation (philosophy)
10630:Non-representational theory
9973:(public domain audiobooks)
9481:The Phenomenology of Spirit
9373:10.5840/idstudies2019115107
9303:The Critique of Pure Reason
9278:. Indiana University Press.
9174:. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
9005:Brandom, Robert B. (2019).
8961:. Oxford University Press.
8773:. Indiana University Press.
6403:, pp. 58â59, caps modified.
4347:for explanatory discussion.
3868:Hegel's Reception in France
3848:Herrschaft und Knechtschaft
3820:." See also the section on
3610:The Phenomenology of Spirit
3112:Thesisâantithesisâsynthesis
2901:In the Introduction to his
2826:priesthood of all believers
2701:The Phenomenology of Spirit
2278:differences are related to
1988:The Critique of Pure Reason
1590:The Phenomenology of Spirit
1478:The Phenomenology of Spirit
1470:The Phenomenology of Spirit
1339:The Phenomenology of Spirit
1334:The Phenomenology of Spirit
1327:The Phenomenology of Spirit
1320:Johann Gottfried von Herder
1291:and other theorists of the
1089:Hegel's tombstone in Berlin
871:The Phenomenology of Spirit
701:and the future philosopher
605:The birthplace of Hegel in
487:The Phenomenology of Spirit
158:The Phenomenology of Spirit
10:
22379:
22303:German philosophers of art
22233:Enlightenment philosophers
21475:International legal theory
19957:Bellum omnium contra omnes
16911:A Treatise of Human Nature
15970:
13305:Coleridge's theory of life
10782:Existence precedes essence
9712:. Oxford University Press.
9616:. Oxford University Press.
9535:Early Theological Writings
9483:. Oxford University Press.
9433:Houlgate, Stephen (2013).
9419:. Purdue University Press.
9415:Houlgate, Stephen (2006).
9410:(2nd ed.). Blackwell.
9406:Houlgate, Stephen (2005).
9283:Ferrarin, Alfredo (2007).
8987:The Vicissitudes of Nature
8870:The Phenomnology of Spirit
8717:Early Theological Writings
8696:
8692:
8687:
4506:in order to make room for
4362:Early Theological Writings
4313:See also, for discussion,
3520:
3241:
3044:'to keep, save, preserve.'
2774:
2752:of religion, which now is
2694:The Spirit of Christianity
2584:
2571:the philosophy of religion
1977:The final category of the
1789:
1491:
1365:The fourth chapter of the
1331:
987:Johann Heinrich Liebeskind
854:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
647:Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium
427:contemporary philosophical
29:
22061:
21992:
21909:
21816:
21498:
21440:
21427:
21374:
21224:
20993:
20641:
20374:
20254:
20173:
20085:
20076:
19942:
19776:
19705:
19534:
19481:
19385:
19373:Intellectuals and Society
19323:The Culture of Narcissism
19214:
18882:
18674:
18623:
18552:
18466:
18459:
18399:
18161:
18086:
18010:
17859:
17632:
17339:
17251:
17185:
17127:
17034:
16879:
16645:
16370:
16299:
16161:
16036:
15978:
15910:
15842:
15746:
15631:
15551:
15486:
15408:
15315:
15300:
15252:
15214:
14926:
14851:
14726:
14717:
14647:
14584:
14575:
14506:
14436:
14360:
14159:
13899:
13627:
13471:
13397:
13360:Romanticism and economics
13297:
13189:
12936:
12758:
12703:
12672:
12596:
12545:
12494:
12453:
12362:
12306:
12270:
12224:
12215:
12060:
12004:
11953:
11912:
11871:
11825:
11767:
11637:
11516:
11438:
11375:Manuel AntĂŽnio de Almeida
11357:
11348:
11234:
11102:
11033:
10975:
10917:Hermeneutics of suspicion
10680:
10555:
10119:
10079:
9866:Wicks, Robert L. (2020).
9756:Rutter, Benjamin (2010).
9612:Moland, Lydia L. (1993).
9585:Marcuse, Herbert (1999).
9526:Hegel: A Reinterpretation
9524:Kaufmann, Walter (1959).
9488:Jaeschke, Walter (1990).
9265:Dickey, Laurence (1989).
9100:Croce, Benedetto (1915).
5377:D'Hondt, Jacques (1968).
4746:(3rd ed.). Longman.
4462:Die geoffenbarte Religion
4416:This translation follows
4273:His best discussion, per
3870:, below, for discussion.)
3283:, interpreted Hegel in a
3128:, for instance, reports:
3122:Heinrich Moritz ChalybÀus
3034:) has three main senses:
2575:the history of philosophy
2233:According to Hegel, "the
2140:Although Hegel and other
1968:vanishes in its opposite.
1922:Books one and two of the
399:
394:
390:
347:
327:
312:
283:
260:
250:
240:
236:
214:
188:
147:
116:
92:
63:
48:
41:
22223:Death of God theologians
22046:Rational-legal authority
21934:German historical school
21919:Analytical jurisprudence
21162:The Revolt of the Masses
19363:The Malaise of Modernity
19313:The History of Sexuality
18412:Catholic social teaching
16262:Universal prescriptivism
15496:Friedrich Schleiermacher
15082:Theories about religions
14884:Inconsistent revelations
14413:Philosophy of psychology
14348:Simulacra and Simulation
11140:German historical school
10897:Transvaluation of values
10703:Apollonian and Dionysian
9812:Taylor, Charles (1975).
9758:Hegel on the Modern Arts
9559:Cornell University Press
9442:Inwood, Michael (1992).
9321:Phenomenology and System
9292:Fritzman, J. M. (2014).
9044:Burbidge, John (2006b).
9037:In Hegel: New Directions
7971:, p. 349, editors' n.13.
6944:, p. 235, caps modified.
6451:, pp. lxviiâlxviii.
6328:, pp. 53â57, 65â71.
5392:Cowley, Stephen (2016).
3979:Contrast, for instance,
3737:
3169:propounded a version of
2798:Issues of interpretation
2193:The Philosophy of Spirit
2120:The Philosophy of Nature
1727:, and the philosophy of
1725:the philosophy of nature
1436:transcendental deduction
1356:The Pilgrimage of Reason
1064:Prince Sayn-Wittgenstein
1060:Friedrich Wilhelm Carové
866:University of Heidelberg
728:storming of the Bastille
663:Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
22198:19th-century historians
22173:18th-century historians
22014:Judicial interpretation
21142:The Communist Manifesto
20068:Tyranny of the majority
19979:Consent of the governed
19443:Philosophy of education
18038:Evolutionary aesthetics
17988:The Aesthetic Dimension
16051:Artificial intelligence
14278:Critique of Pure Reason
11787:JĂłzef Ignacy Kraszewski
9991:, reference archive on
9895:Hegel's Ethical Thought
9893:Wood, Allen W. (1991).
9699:Pippin, Robert (2019).
9670:Phenomenology of Spirit
9659:Pinkard, Terry (2000).
9598:(2nd ed.). Norton.
9517:Critique of Pure Reason
9355:Hentrup, Miles (2019).
9239:Phenomenology of Spirit
9233:Phenomenology of Spirit
9151:From Hegel to Nietzsche
9053:Butler, Judith (1987).
9009:Phenomenology of Spirit
5788:, vol.1, p. 376, n. 22.
4841:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
4742:Wells, John C. (2008).
4450:Phenomenology of Spirit
4223:determination by nature
4207:immediately natural way
4065:Phenomenology of Spirit
3964:das Ergebnis des Fahrts
3712:Logic 1818â31: annually
3384:Phenomenology of Spirit
3070:transcendental idealism
2708:Phenomenology of Spirit
2683:Early Romantic writings
2455:constitutional monarchy
2380:a right, claim or title
2178:philosophers of science
1371:lord-bondsman dialectic
1175:manuscripts and letters
1145:Dorotheenstadt cemetery
1128:decorated him with the
1006:Phenomenology of Spirit
905:die Weltseele zu Pferde
806:In 1801, Hegel came to
586:
423:19th-century philosophy
245:19th-century philosophy
22363:Writers from Stuttgart
22348:Theoretical historians
22153:18th-century essayists
22101:WikiProject Philosophy
21455:Critical legal studies
20019:
19969:Clash of civilizations
19955:
18382:
18336:
18322:
17968:Avant-Garde and Kitsch
17918:Lectures on Aesthetics
15360:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers
14500:Philosophy of religion
13869:Typeâtoken distinction
13697:Hypostatic abstraction
13479:Abstract object theory
13370:Romanticism in science
13325:Middle Ages in history
13320:List of Romantic poets
12032:Josiah Gilbert Holland
10967:Philosophy of language
10932:Linguistic determinism
10842:Masterâslave dialectic
10817:Historical materialism
10113:Continental philosophy
9879:. Bloomsbury Academic.
9852:. Bloomsbury Academic.
9825:. Bloomsbury Academic.
9803:Stone, Alison (2005).
9785:Stern, Robert (2002).
9751:. Bloomsbury Academic.
9738:Rockmore, Tom (1993).
9717:Redding, Paul (2020).
9510:. Bloomsbury Academic.
9474:. Bloomsbury Academic.
9465:. Bloomsbury Academic.
9437:. Bloomsbury Academic.
9328:Harris, H. S. (1997).
9319:Harris, H. S. (1995).
9260:. Bloomsbury Academic.
9183:. Bloomsbury Academic.
9159:Dien Winfield, Richard
9095:. Bloomsbury Academic.
8994:Bohman, James (2021),
8834:The Philosophy of Mind
7907:McTaggart, J. Ellis. "
4454:Die offenbare Religion
4330:, pp. 107â33 and
4179:when he uses the word
3876:(1253a24â1256b39) and
3796:Unbeknownst to Hegel,
3456:
3273:political conservatism
3256:
3146:
2810:
2604:
2587:Lectures on Aesthetics
2521:
2401:social contract theory
2320:
2210:
2131:philosophy of the real
2081:
2047:
2034:Philosophy of the real
1389:
1240:
1193:
1130:Order of the Red Eagle
1099:Karl Ludwig von Haller
1090:
1048:Johann Gottlieb Fichte
1019:Karl Friedrich Wilhelm
1015:Wissenschaft der Logik
969:
917:
910:
904:
822:inaugural dissertation
803:
754:
695:University of TĂŒbingen
686:
610:
578:. He asserts that the
517:of modern philosophy,
455:philosophy of religion
382:Philosophy of religion
32:Hegel (disambiguation)
22263:Hegelian philosophers
22248:German male essayists
22024:Law without the state
19984:Divine right of kings
19448:Philosophy of history
19438:Philosophy of culture
19333:A Conflict of Visions
18113:Philosophy portal
16975:The Methods of Ethics
16213:Divine command theory
16208:Ideal observer theory
15895:Faith and rationality
15850:Criticism of religion
15788:Robert Merrihew Adams
15778:Nicholas Wolterstorff
14981:Divine command theory
14458:Philosophy portal
14338:Being and Nothingness
13754:Mental representation
13340:Romantic epistemology
13330:Opium and Romanticism
11899:StojadinoviÄ-Srpkinja
11125:Counter-Enlightenment
10847:Masterâslave morality
10655:Psychoanalytic theory
9774:Stahl, Titus (2021),
9765:Siep, Ludwig (2021).
9587:Reason and Revolution
9341:. Hoffmann und Campe.
9163:Systematic Aesthetics
9149:Löwith, Karl (1964).
9111:Review of Metaphysics
8886:Baugh, Bruce (2003).
7610:, pp. Bxxixâxxx.
6391:, p. liii n.100.
6377:Guyer & Wood 1998
4666:Reason and Revolution
4582:(who roughly follows
4334:, pp. xxiiâxxvi.
3707:Berlin lecture series
3648:, Part 1 (Books 1, 2)
3578:De orbitis planetarum
3451:
3415:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
3373:, who emphasized the
3251:
3130:
2868:Philosophy of history
2805:
2718:of the Faithful with
2661:special individuality
2594:
2513:
2315:
2201:
2085:Allegra de Laurentiis
2064:
2041:
1387:
1360:The Odyssey of Spirit
1316:Pantheism controversy
1230:
1188:
1126:Frederick William III
1115:history of philosophy
1103:philosophy of history
1088:
1082:, Prague, and Paris.
963:
912:
888:
858:Jakob Friedrich Fries
825:De Orbitis Planetarum
797:
744:
712:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
680:
604:
459:history of philosophy
447:philosophy of history
372:Philosophy of history
357:History of philosophy
22203:19th-century mystics
21984:Virtue jurisprudence
21924:Deontological ethics
21132:Democracy in America
20511:political philosophy
20494:political philosophy
20309:political philosophy
20138:political philosophy
20048:Separation of powers
20009:Night-watchman state
19994:Monopoly on violence
19528:Political philosophy
19453:Political philosophy
19253:Democracy in America
18058:Philosophy of design
17938:In Praise of Shadows
17928:The Critic as Artist
17092:Political philosophy
15885:Religious philosophy
15365:Pico della Mirandola
15330:Anselm of Canterbury
15262:Augustinian theodicy
15174:Religious skepticism
14507:Concepts in religion
14383:Feminist metaphysics
13404:Age of Enlightenment
11046:England (literature)
9578:The Hegel Dictionary
9249:The Science of Logic
9211:10.5840/owl200031212
9172:A Companion to Hegel
9084:A Companion to Hegel
9062:Carter, Ian (2022),
8843:The Science of Logic
7790:, pp. 3, 17â21.
7778:, pp. 279, 289.
6232:, pp. xviiâxix.
4804:, pp. 2â3, 745.
3461:Richard J. Bernstein
3453:Richard J. Bernstein
3080:and non-mechanistic
2666:According to Hegel,
2182:philosophy of nature
2180:for guidance in the
2166:Dieter Wandschneider
2127:philosophy of nature
2068:issuing instructions
1893:BĂ©atrice Longuenesse
1857:The Science of Logic
1837:The Science of Logic
1597:The Science of Logic
1488:Philosophical system
1202:German Enlightenment
1076:Northern Netherlands
619:Duchy of WĂŒrttemberg
502:University of Berlin
493:The Science of Logic
443:political philosophy
377:Political philosophy
165:The Science of Logic
82:Duchy of WĂŒrttemberg
22318:Philosophers of law
22228:Deaths from cholera
21322:Right-wing politics
21202:A Theory of Justice
21172:The Road to Serfdom
21092:The Social Contract
19799:Christian democracy
19293:One-Dimensional Man
18068:Philosophy of music
18043:Mathematical beauty
17062:Evolutionary ethics
17023:Reasons and Persons
16999:A Theory of Justice
16153:Uncertain sentience
15870:History of religion
15571:Friedrich Nietzsche
15448:Gottfried W Leibniz
15443:Nicolas Malebranche
15375:King James VI and I
14655:Abrahamic religions
14228:Daneshnameh-ye Alai
13739:Linguistic modality
13355:Romantic psychology
11150:Hudson River School
11094:Sweden (literature)
11079:Russia (literature)
10667:Speculative realism
9661:Hegel â A Biography
9607:. Penguin Classics.
9603:Marx, Karl (1993).
9446:. Wiley-Blackwell.
9285:Hegel and Aristotle
8780:Faith and Knowledge
8490:, pp. 1, 9â10.
6703:, pp. 281â310.
6631:, pp. viiiâix.
4500:practical extension
4317:, pp. 394â418.
3962:is quite literally
3800:had discovered the
3639:Heidelberg, 1816â18
3465:American Pragmatism
3444:American pragmatism
3419:Claude Levi-Strauss
3365:Reception in France
3320:Theses on Feuerbach
3232:Dietrich Bonhoeffer
2771:The Berlin lectures
2759:In an essay on the
2427:theories of right."
2408:Philosophy of Right
2397:Adriaan T. Peperzak
2203:Priestess of Delphi
1755:Frederick C. Beiser
1318:. The influence of
1300:critical philosophy
1233:critical philosophy
1147:next to Fichte and
1056:Leopold von Henning
862:Johann Heinrich VoĂ
747:Friedrich Hölderlin
703:Friedrich Schelling
699:Friedrich Hölderlin
504:on topics from his
55:Portrait (1831) by
22338:Philosophy writers
21877:The Concept of Law
21867:Pure Theory of Law
21334:Political violence
21329:Political theology
21312:Left-wing politics
21307:Political spectrum
19413:Cultural pessimism
19408:Cultural criticism
18307:National character
18063:Philosophy of film
18053:Patterns in nature
18023:Applied aesthetics
17998:Why Beauty Matters
17784:Life imitating art
17645:Art for art's sake
17057:Ethics in religion
17052:Descriptive ethics
16887:Nicomachean Ethics
15880:Religious language
15860:Ethics in religion
15818:William Lane Craig
15693:Charles Hartshorne
15433:Desiderius Erasmus
15335:Augustine of Hippo
15277:Inconsistent triad
15239:Apophatic theology
15234:Logical positivism
15216:Religious language
14836:Watchmaker analogy
14801:Necessary existent
14577:Conceptions of God
14537:Intelligent design
14418:Philosophy of self
14408:Philosophy of mind
13672:Embodied cognition
13584:Scientific realism
11340:White Mountain art
11281:Historical fiction
11089:Spain (literature)
10787:Existential crisis
10718:Binary oppositions
10645:Post-structuralism
10046:Hegel's Aesthetics
10024:Hegel Bibliography
9989:Hegel by HyperText
9983:Hegel texts online
9960:Hegel: A Biography
9596:Marx-Engles Reader
9444:A Hegel Dictionary
9426:Hegel and the Arts
9361:Idealistic Studies
9242:. Wiley-Blackwell.
9199:The Owl of Minerva
9135:. Duckworth Press.
9126:. Wiley-Blackwell.
9086:. Wiley-Blackwell.
9077:. Leipzig: Arnold.
9048:. Broadview Press.
9019:Hegel and the Arts
8978:The Pragmatic Turn
8633:, pp. 96â105.
8570:, pp. 148â49.
8274:, pp. 170â71.
8154:, pp. 128â31.
8089:de Laurentiis 2021
8053:de Laurentiis 2005
7995:, pp. 167â69.
7923:, pp. 122â23.
7898:, pp. 187â88.
7848:de Laurentiis 2005
7824:de Laurentiis 2010
7812:de Laurentiis 2010
7800:de Laurentiis 2005
7742:, pp. 230â52.
7730:, pp. 661â64.
7706:, pp. 145â46.
7682:, pp. 461â78.
7598:, v.2, chapter 12.
7490:, pp. 349â50.
7464:Dien Winfield 1995
7341:de Laurentiis 2009
7317:de Laurentiis 2010
7305:de Laurentiis 2010
7295:, pp. 254â58.
7283:, pp. 202â05.
7259:, pp. 254â55.
7091:, pp. 457â61.
7079:, pp. viiiâx.
6966:de Laurentiis 2021
6954:Dien Winfield 2011
6932:, pp. 103â04.
6773:Wandschneider 2013
6761:Wandschneider 2013
6751:, pp. 106â07.
6679:, pp. 108â09.
6667:, pp. 265â68.
6641:de Laurentiis 2005
6569:de Laurentiis 2005
6559:, pp. 125â26.
6463:, pp. 123â25.
6425:de Laurentiis 2005
6266:Wandschneider 2013
5716:, pp. 256â65.
5512:, pp. 663â64.
5488:, pp. 659â70.
5440:, pp. 372â73.
5331:, pp. 354â56.
5295:, pp. 251â55.
5283:, pp. 249â51.
5271:, pp. 247â49.
5259:, pp. 243â47.
5247:, pp. 236â38.
5232:, pp. 234â36.
5220:, pp. 231â33.
5203:, pp. 228â29.
5155:, pp. 224â25.
5054:, pp. 136â39.
4390:, pp. 226â45.
4219:self-determination
4194:de Laurentiis 2021
4136:is connected with
3629:Nuremberg, 1808â16
3492:Two philosophers,
3457:
3434:Simone de Beauvoir
3349:dialectical method
3341:critical theorists
3271:orthodoxy and the
3257:
3175:J. M. E. McTaggart
3102:conceptual realism
2964:dialectical method
2919:persons are free.
2816:questions whether
2811:
2605:
2522:
2321:
2211:
2159:actual interaction
2089:sich fertig machen
2052:real-philosophical
2048:
2024:freely discharging
1948:logical categories
1667:Related categories
1390:
1246:German romanticism
1241:
1212:, acquainted with
1194:
1091:
970:
911:
812:University of Jena
804:
755:
732:Kantian philosophy
687:
611:
547:categories of the
523:ancient philosophy
415:German philosopher
255:Western philosophy
138:University of Jena
110:Kingdom of Prussia
22120:
22119:
22114:
22113:
22086:Philosophy portal
21847:The Spirit of Law
21485:Philosophy of law
21465:Economic analysis
21450:Constitutionalism
21387:
21386:
21297:Philosophy of law
21242:Conflict theories
21082:The Spirit of Law
20989:
20988:
20038:Original position
19494:
19493:
19210:
19209:
18355:Spontaneous order
18345:Social alienation
18194:Cultural heritage
18155:Social philosophy
18121:
18120:
18073:Psychology of art
17948:Art as Experience
17145:
17144:
17112:Social philosophy
17097:Population ethics
17087:Philosophy of law
17067:History of ethics
16550:Political freedom
16227:Euthyphro dilemma
16018:Suffering-focused
15938:
15937:
15838:
15837:
15798:Peter van Inwagen
15783:Richard Swinburne
15728:George I Mavrodes
15588:Vladimir Solovyov
15528:SĂžren Kierkegaard
15453:William Wollaston
15400:William of Ockham
15380:Marcion of Sinope
15282:Irenaean theodicy
15272:Euthyphro dilemma
15199:Transcendentalism
15028:Womanist theology
15018:Feminist theology
14922:
14921:
14713:
14712:
14599:Divine simplicity
14519:Euthyphro dilemma
14466:
14465:
13645:Category of being
13614:Truthmaker theory
13431:
13430:
13345:Romantic medicine
13315:List of romantics
12754:
12753:
12405:Felix Mendelssohn
12400:Fanny Mendelssohn
12211:
12210:
11925:RosalĂa de Castro
11863:Soares dos Passos
11211:Transcendentalism
11175:Nazarene movement
11135:DĂŒsseldorf School
10993:
10992:
10927:Linguistic theory
10832:Intersubjectivity
10011:Project Gutenberg
8968:978-0-19-969155-5
8657:, pp. 96â99.
8597:, pp. 90â95.
8214:, pp. 68â69.
7959:, pp. 57â58.
7574:, pp. 27â31.
7127:, pp. 13â14.
6583:, pp. 54â55.
6571:, pp. 29â31.
6475:, pp. 59â60.
6427:, pp. 14â15.
6142:, pp. 61â65.
6118:, pp. 56â57.
5728:, pp. 52â58.
5680:, pp. 30â33.
5560:, pp. 32â33.
5078:, pp. 52â53.
5042:, pp. 11â13.
5006:, pp. 46â47.
4680:A Spirit of Trust
4557:, §79&R].
4456:, whereas in the
4155:the self-thinking
4095:logical functions
3743:Explanatory notes
3655:, Part 2 (Book 3)
3511:myth of the given
3459:As documented by
3306:, which included
3293:liberal democracy
3179:R. G. Collingwood
3171:absolute idealism
3001:positivvernĂŒnftig
2994:negativvernĂŒnftig
2597:Varvakeion Athena
2581:Philosophy of art
2469:would later term
2299:mindâbody problem
2269:Subjective spirit
2261:would later term
1956:being, pure being
1770:Michael J. Inwood
1717:
1716:
1628:Absolute idealism
1438:of metaphysics."
1394:The Phenomenology
1293:political economy
1252:) or alienation (
975:Bamberger Zeitung
947:Bamberger Zeitung
919:Hegel biographer
892:Harper's Magazine
716:French Revolution
617:, capital of the
478:French Revolution
451:philosophy of art
408:
407:
367:Philosophy of art
343:
328:Academic advisors
270:Absolute idealism
86:Holy Roman Empire
57:Jakob Schlesinger
16:(Redirected from
22370:
22273:German idealists
22243:German Lutherans
22094:
22093:
22079:
22069:
22068:
21949:Legal positivism
21902:
21892:
21882:
21872:
21862:
21852:
21842:
21832:
21490:Sociology of law
21414:
21407:
21400:
21391:
21390:
21302:Political ethics
21292:Machiavellianism
21232:Authoritarianism
21217:
21207:
21197:
21187:
21177:
21167:
21157:
21147:
21137:
21127:
21117:
21107:
21097:
21087:
21077:
21067:
21057:
21047:
21037:
21027:
21017:
21007:
20083:
20082:
20024:
19960:
19950:Balance of power
19924:Social democracy
19919:Social Darwinism
19894:Multiculturalism
19839:Environmentalism
19814:Communitarianism
19521:
19514:
19507:
19498:
19497:
19458:Social criticism
19378:
19368:
19358:
19348:
19338:
19328:
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19308:
19298:
19288:
19278:
19268:
19258:
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19228:
18464:
18463:
18446:Frankfurt School
18424:Communitarianism
18387:
18341:
18327:
18148:
18141:
18134:
18125:
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17903:
17893:
17883:
17873:
17172:
17165:
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17149:
17148:
17135:
17134:
17082:Moral psychology
17027:
17019:
17011:
17007:Practical Ethics
17003:
16995:
16991:Principia Ethica
16987:
16979:
16971:
16963:
16955:
16947:
16939:
16931:
16923:
16915:
16907:
16899:
16895:Ethics (Spinoza)
16891:
16530:Moral imperative
15988:Consequentialism
15965:
15958:
15951:
15942:
15941:
15928:
15927:
15918:
15823:Ali Akbar Rashad
15686:Reinhold Niebuhr
15646:Bertrand Russell
15641:George Santayana
15538:Albrecht Ritschl
15523:Ludwig Feuerbach
15313:
15312:
15309:(by date active)
15169:Process theology
14914:Russell's teapot
14724:
14723:
14719:Existence of God
14629:Process theology
14582:
14581:
14567:Theological veto
14530:religious belief
14493:
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13849:Substantial form
13661:Cogito, ergo sum
13604:Substance theory
13458:
13451:
13444:
13435:
13434:
13421:
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13380:Evolution theory
12222:
12221:
11355:
11354:
11216:Ukrainian school
11020:
11013:
11006:
10997:
10996:
10583:Frankfurt School
10106:
10099:
10092:
10083:
10082:
10070:
10069:
10002:Internet Archive
9978:
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9898:
9889:
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9871:
9870:. Simply Charly.
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8645:, pp. 4, 8.
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8197:
8191:
8188:di Giovanni 2013
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7821:
7815:
7809:
7803:
7797:
7791:
7785:
7779:
7773:
7767:
7761:
7755:
7749:
7743:
7737:
7731:
7725:
7719:
7713:
7707:
7701:
7695:
7689:
7683:
7677:
7671:
7665:
7659:
7653:
7647:
7641:
7635:
7632:di Giovanni 2003
7629:
7623:
7620:di Giovanni 2003
7617:
7611:
7605:
7599:
7593:
7587:
7581:
7575:
7569:
7563:
7557:
7551:
7545:
7539:
7533:
7527:
7521:
7515:
7509:
7503:
7497:
7491:
7485:
7479:
7473:
7467:
7461:
7455:
7449:
7443:
7437:
7431:
7425:
7419:
7413:
7407:
7401:
7395:
7389:
7383:
7377:
7368:
7362:
7356:
7350:
7344:
7338:
7332:
7326:
7320:
7314:
7308:
7302:
7296:
7290:
7284:
7278:
7272:
7266:
7260:
7254:
7248:
7242:
7236:
7230:
7224:
7218:
7212:
7206:
7200:
7194:
7188:
7182:
7176:
7170:
7164:
7158:
7152:
7146:
7140:
7134:
7128:
7122:
7116:
7110:
7104:
7098:
7092:
7086:
7080:
7074:
7068:
7062:
7053:
7047:
7041:
7035:
7029:
7023:
7017:
7011:
7005:
6999:
6993:
6987:
6981:
6975:
6969:
6963:
6957:
6951:
6945:
6939:
6933:
6927:
6921:
6915:
6909:
6903:
6897:
6891:
6885:
6879:
6873:
6867:
6861:
6855:
6849:
6843:
6837:
6831:
6825:
6819:
6813:
6806:
6800:
6794:
6788:
6782:
6776:
6770:
6764:
6758:
6752:
6746:
6740:
6734:
6728:
6722:
6716:
6710:
6704:
6698:
6692:
6686:
6680:
6674:
6668:
6662:
6656:
6650:
6644:
6638:
6632:
6626:
6620:
6614:
6608:
6602:
6596:
6590:
6584:
6578:
6572:
6566:
6560:
6554:
6548:
6542:
6536:
6530:
6524:
6518:
6512:
6506:
6500:
6494:
6488:
6482:
6476:
6470:
6464:
6458:
6452:
6449:di Giovanni 2010
6446:
6440:
6434:
6428:
6422:
6416:
6410:
6404:
6398:
6392:
6389:di Giovanni 2010
6386:
6380:
6374:
6368:
6365:Longuenesse 2007
6362:
6353:
6347:
6341:
6335:
6329:
6323:
6317:
6311:
6305:
6299:
6293:
6287:
6281:
6275:
6269:
6263:
6257:
6251:
6245:
6239:
6233:
6227:
6221:
6215:
6209:
6203:
6197:
6191:
6182:
6176:
6170:
6164:
6158:
6152:
6143:
6137:
6131:
6125:
6119:
6113:
6107:
6101:
6095:
6089:
6083:
6077:
6071:
6065:
6059:
6053:
6047:
6041:
6035:
6029:
6023:
6017:
6011:
6005:
5996:
5990:
5984:
5978:
5969:
5963:
5957:
5951:
5945:
5939:
5933:
5927:
5921:
5915:
5909:
5903:
5897:
5891:
5885:
5879:
5873:
5867:
5861:
5860:, chapter V, §2.
5855:
5849:
5843:
5837:
5831:
5825:
5819:
5813:
5807:
5801:
5795:
5789:
5783:
5777:
5771:
5765:
5759:
5753:
5750:di Giovanni 2000
5747:
5741:
5735:
5729:
5723:
5717:
5711:
5705:
5699:
5693:
5687:
5681:
5675:
5669:
5663:
5657:
5651:
5645:
5639:
5633:
5627:
5621:
5615:
5609:
5603:
5597:
5591:
5585:
5579:
5573:
5567:
5561:
5555:
5549:
5543:
5537:
5531:
5525:
5519:
5513:
5507:
5501:
5495:
5489:
5483:
5477:
5471:
5465:
5459:
5453:
5447:
5441:
5435:
5429:
5423:
5417:
5411:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5374:
5368:
5362:
5356:
5350:
5344:
5338:
5332:
5326:
5320:
5314:
5308:
5302:
5296:
5290:
5284:
5278:
5272:
5266:
5260:
5254:
5248:
5242:
5233:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5204:
5198:
5192:
5186:
5180:
5174:
5168:
5162:
5156:
5150:
5144:
5138:
5132:
5126:
5120:
5114:
5108:
5102:
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5079:
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5067:
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5037:
5031:
5025:
5019:
5013:
5007:
5001:
4995:
4989:
4983:
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4971:
4965:
4959:
4953:
4947:
4941:
4935:
4929:
4916:
4910:
4904:
4898:
4892:
4886:
4880:
4870:
4864:
4858:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4830:
4805:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4783:
4781:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4739:
4730:
4729:
4716:
4700:
4689:
4683:
4676:
4670:
4657:
4651:
4636:
4630:
4613:
4607:
4576:
4570:
4547:
4541:
4530:
4524:
4517:
4511:
4487:
4481:
4414:
4408:
4397:
4391:
4388:di Giovanni 2009
4384:
4378:
4371:
4365:
4360:under the title
4354:
4348:
4341:
4335:
4324:
4318:
4311:
4305:
4288:
4282:
4271:
4265:
4257:Gesammelte Werke
4249:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4203:
4197:
4190:
4184:
4168:
4162:
4151:
4145:
4143:
4122:
4116:
4105:
4099:
4091:
4085:
4074:
4068:
4060:
4054:
4047:
4041:
4030:
4024:
3998:
3992:
3977:
3971:
3932:
3926:
3915:
3909:
3901:
3895:
3860:Alexandre KojĂšve
3844:
3838:
3831:
3825:
3814:
3808:
3794:
3788:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3753:
3693:Science of Logic
3653:Science of Logic
3646:Science of Logic
3616:Bamberg, 1807â08
3427:Georges Bataille
3411:Jean-Paul Sartre
3408:
3395:Alexandre KojĂšve
3371:Alexandre KojĂšve
3345:Frankfurt School
3322:" from his 1845
3291:in religion and
3167:British idealism
3120:, was spread by
3107:
3018:
2936:Francis Fukuyama
2932:Alexandre KojĂšve
2842:Frederick Beiser
2669:
2537:Frederick Beiser
2516:(1828 sketch by
2475:negative liberty
2471:positive liberty
2432:
2422:
2416:
2308:Objective spirit
2263:positive liberty
2174:
2142:Naturphilosophen
2020:Science of Logic
1886:Stephen Houlgate
1792:Science of Logic
1785:Science of Logic
1746:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1678:
1633:British idealism
1505:
1498:
1497:
1405:am conscious of
1392:Hegel describes
1272:
1172:
1011:Science of Logic
995:
983:
955:
907:
736:Popularphilosoph
643:first declension
640:
464:Born in 1770 in
404:
341:
340:
232:
208:
206:
150:
102:
100:
97:14 November 1831
73:
71:
53:
39:
38:
21:
22378:
22377:
22373:
22372:
22371:
22369:
22368:
22367:
22123:
22122:
22121:
22116:
22115:
22110:
22096:WikiProject Law
22057:
22041:Question of law
21988:
21905:
21900:
21890:
21880:
21870:
21860:
21850:
21840:
21837:Treatise on Law
21830:
21812:
21494:
21460:Comparative law
21436:
21423:
21418:
21388:
21383:
21370:
21359:Totalitarianism
21220:
21215:
21205:
21195:
21185:
21175:
21165:
21155:
21145:
21135:
21125:
21115:
21105:
21095:
21085:
21075:
21065:
21055:
21045:
21035:
21032:Treatise on Law
21025:
21015:
21005:
20985:
20643:
20637:
20376:
20370:
20256:
20250:
20169:
20072:
20058:State of nature
20053:Social contract
20033:Ordered liberty
20021:Noblesse oblige
19938:
19772:
19701:
19530:
19525:
19495:
19490:
19477:
19403:Critical theory
19381:
19376:
19366:
19356:
19346:
19336:
19326:
19316:
19306:
19296:
19286:
19276:
19266:
19256:
19246:
19236:
19226:
19206:
18884:
18878:
18676:
18670:
18619:
18548:
18455:
18407:Budapest School
18395:
18184:Cosmopolitanism
18157:
18152:
18122:
18117:
18107:
18105:
18082:
18006:
18001:
17991:
17981:
17978:Critical Essays
17971:
17961:
17951:
17941:
17931:
17921:
17911:
17901:
17891:
17881:
17871:
17855:
17628:
17542:Ortega y Gasset
17335:
17247:
17181:
17176:
17146:
17141:
17123:
17030:
17025:
17017:
17009:
17001:
16993:
16985:
16977:
16969:
16961:
16953:
16945:
16937:
16929:
16921:
16913:
16905:
16897:
16889:
16875:
16648:
16641:
16565:Self-discipline
16525:Moral hierarchy
16473:Problem of evil
16418:Double standard
16408:Culture of life
16366:
16295:
16242:Non-cognitivism
16157:
16032:
15974:
15969:
15939:
15934:
15906:
15834:
15830:Alexander Pruss
15813:Jean-Luc Marion
15768:Alvin Plantinga
15763:Dewi Z Phillips
15750:
15748:
15742:
15713:Walter Kaufmann
15703:Frithjof Schuon
15676:Rudolf Bultmann
15633:
15627:
15623:Joseph Maréchal
15613:Pavel Florensky
15608:Sergei Bulgakov
15593:Ernst Troeltsch
15576:Harald HĂžffding
15553:
15547:
15518:William Whewell
15506:Georg W F Hegel
15501:Karl C F Krause
15488:
15482:
15478:Johann G Herder
15468:Baron d'Holbach
15418:Augustin Calmet
15404:
15320:
15308:
15307:
15304:
15296:
15254:Problem of evil
15248:
15244:Verificationism
15210:
14918:
14864:Atheist's Wager
14847:
14709:
14643:
14571:
14547:Problem of evil
14502:
14497:
14467:
14462:
14452:
14450:
14432:
14356:
14351:
14341:
14331:
14321:
14311:
14301:
14291:
14281:
14271:
14261:
14251:
14241:
14231:
14221:
14211:
14201:
14198:De rerum natura
14191:
14181:
14171:
14155:
13895:
13799:Physical object
13635:Abstract object
13623:
13609:Theory of forms
13544:Meaning of life
13467:
13462:
13432:
13427:
13426:
13415:
13407:
13393:
13350:Romantic poetry
13335:Romantic ballet
13310:German idealism
13293:
13259:Lacoue-Labarthe
13185:
12932:
12750:
12699:
12668:
12649:Rimsky-Korsakov
12592:
12541:
12490:
12449:
12358:
12302:
12266:
12207:
12056:
12000:
11949:
11908:
11867:
11821:
11763:
11704:Maria Edgeworth
11640:
11633:
11512:
11434:
11344:
11323:Romantic genius
11253:Gesamtkunstwerk
11230:
11191:Sturm und Drang
11098:
11029:
11024:
10994:
10989:
10971:
10962:Postcolonialism
10957:Linguistic turn
10887:Totalitarianism
10852:Oedipus complex
10713:Being in itself
10676:
10588:German idealism
10568:Critical theory
10551:
10467:Ortega y Gasset
10115:
10110:
10075:
10030:German Idealism
10019:
10017:Other resources
9985:
9975:
9954:
9952:Audio and video
9935:
9929:
9924:
9919:
9910:
9901:
9728:
9726:
9635:10.2307/2708045
9569:
9454:
8997:Critical Theory
8989:. Polity Press.
8980:. Polity Press.
8969:
8930:
8909:
8881:
8876:
8701:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8677:
8673:
8665:
8661:
8653:
8649:
8641:
8637:
8629:
8625:
8617:
8613:
8605:
8601:
8593:
8589:
8581:
8574:
8566:
8562:
8554:
8550:
8538:
8534:
8530:, p. xxvi.
8526:
8522:
8510:
8506:
8498:
8494:
8486:
8482:
8474:
8470:
8462:
8458:
8450:
8446:
8438:
8434:
8426:
8422:
8414:
8410:
8406:, ch. 4, §§2â3.
8404:Fackenheim 1967
8402:
8398:
8390:
8386:
8378:
8374:
8370:, pp. 1â2.
8366:
8362:
8354:
8350:
8346:, pp. 3â4.
8342:
8338:
8330:
8326:
8318:
8314:
8310:, pp. 3â4.
8306:
8302:
8294:
8290:
8282:
8278:
8270:
8266:
8258:
8254:
8246:
8242:
8234:
8230:
8222:
8218:
8210:
8206:
8198:
8194:
8186:
8182:
8174:
8170:
8162:
8158:
8150:
8146:
8138:
8134:
8126:
8122:
8114:
8107:
8099:
8095:
8087:
8083:
8079:, p. xiii.
8075:
8071:
8063:
8059:
8051:
8047:
8039:
8035:
8027:
8023:
8015:
8011:
8003:
7999:
7991:
7987:
7979:
7975:
7967:
7963:
7955:
7951:
7943:
7939:
7931:
7927:
7919:
7915:
7906:
7902:
7894:
7890:
7882:
7878:
7870:
7866:
7858:
7854:
7846:
7842:
7834:
7830:
7822:
7818:
7810:
7806:
7802:, p. 9-10.
7798:
7794:
7786:
7782:
7774:
7770:
7762:
7758:
7750:
7746:
7738:
7734:
7726:
7722:
7714:
7710:
7702:
7698:
7690:
7686:
7678:
7674:
7666:
7662:
7654:
7650:
7646:, pp. 3â4.
7642:
7638:
7630:
7626:
7618:
7614:
7606:
7602:
7594:
7590:
7582:
7578:
7570:
7566:
7558:
7554:
7546:
7542:
7534:
7530:
7522:
7518:
7510:
7506:
7498:
7494:
7486:
7482:
7474:
7470:
7462:
7458:
7450:
7446:
7438:
7434:
7426:
7422:
7414:
7410:
7402:
7398:
7390:
7386:
7378:
7371:
7363:
7359:
7351:
7347:
7339:
7335:
7327:
7323:
7315:
7311:
7303:
7299:
7291:
7287:
7279:
7275:
7267:
7263:
7255:
7251:
7243:
7239:
7231:
7227:
7219:
7215:
7207:
7203:
7195:
7191:
7187:, pp. 4â8.
7183:
7179:
7171:
7167:
7159:
7155:
7147:
7143:
7135:
7131:
7123:
7119:
7111:
7107:
7099:
7095:
7087:
7083:
7075:
7071:
7063:
7056:
7048:
7044:
7036:
7032:
7024:
7020:
7012:
7008:
7004:, p. ixâx.
7000:
6996:
6988:
6984:
6976:
6972:
6964:
6960:
6952:
6948:
6940:
6936:
6928:
6924:
6916:
6912:
6904:
6900:
6892:
6888:
6880:
6876:
6868:
6864:
6856:
6852:
6848:, pp. 7â8.
6844:
6840:
6832:
6828:
6820:
6816:
6807:
6803:
6795:
6791:
6783:
6779:
6771:
6767:
6759:
6755:
6747:
6743:
6735:
6731:
6723:
6719:
6711:
6707:
6699:
6695:
6687:
6683:
6675:
6671:
6663:
6659:
6651:
6647:
6639:
6635:
6627:
6623:
6615:
6611:
6603:
6599:
6591:
6587:
6579:
6575:
6567:
6563:
6555:
6551:
6543:
6539:
6531:
6527:
6519:
6515:
6507:
6503:
6495:
6491:
6483:
6479:
6471:
6467:
6459:
6455:
6447:
6443:
6435:
6431:
6423:
6419:
6411:
6407:
6399:
6395:
6387:
6383:
6379:, pp. 8â9.
6375:
6371:
6363:
6356:
6348:
6344:
6336:
6332:
6324:
6320:
6312:
6308:
6300:
6296:
6288:
6284:
6276:
6272:
6264:
6260:
6252:
6248:
6240:
6236:
6228:
6224:
6216:
6212:
6204:
6200:
6192:
6185:
6177:
6173:
6165:
6161:
6153:
6146:
6138:
6134:
6126:
6122:
6114:
6110:
6102:
6098:
6090:
6086:
6078:
6074:
6066:
6062:
6054:
6050:
6042:
6038:
6030:
6026:
6018:
6014:
6006:
5999:
5991:
5987:
5979:
5972:
5964:
5960:
5952:
5948:
5940:
5936:
5928:
5924:
5916:
5912:
5904:
5900:
5892:
5888:
5880:
5876:
5868:
5864:
5856:
5852:
5844:
5840:
5832:
5828:
5820:
5816:
5808:
5804:
5796:
5792:
5784:
5780:
5772:
5768:
5760:
5756:
5748:
5744:
5736:
5732:
5724:
5720:
5712:
5708:
5700:
5696:
5688:
5684:
5676:
5672:
5664:
5660:
5652:
5648:
5640:
5636:
5628:
5624:
5616:
5612:
5604:
5600:
5592:
5588:
5580:
5576:
5568:
5564:
5556:
5552:
5544:
5540:
5532:
5528:
5520:
5516:
5508:
5504:
5496:
5492:
5484:
5480:
5472:
5468:
5460:
5456:
5452:, p. xxii.
5448:
5444:
5436:
5432:
5424:
5420:
5412:
5408:
5398:
5396:
5390:
5386:
5375:
5371:
5363:
5359:
5351:
5347:
5339:
5335:
5327:
5323:
5315:
5311:
5303:
5299:
5291:
5287:
5279:
5275:
5267:
5263:
5255:
5251:
5243:
5236:
5228:
5224:
5216:
5207:
5199:
5195:
5187:
5183:
5175:
5171:
5163:
5159:
5151:
5147:
5139:
5135:
5127:
5123:
5115:
5111:
5103:
5094:
5086:
5082:
5074:
5070:
5066:, p. xiii.
5062:
5058:
5050:
5046:
5038:
5034:
5026:
5022:
5014:
5010:
5002:
4998:
4990:
4986:
4978:
4974:
4966:
4962:
4954:
4950:
4942:
4938:
4930:
4919:
4911:
4907:
4899:
4895:
4891:, pp. 7â8.
4887:
4883:
4871:
4867:
4859:
4855:
4845:
4843:
4831:
4808:
4800:
4796:
4779:
4777:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4754:
4740:
4733:
4718:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4690:
4686:
4677:
4673:
4661:Herbert Marcuse
4658:
4654:
4637:
4633:
4614:
4610:
4577:
4573:
4548:
4544:
4534:Fackenheim 1967
4531:
4527:
4518:
4514:
4489:"I cannot even
4488:
4484:
4415:
4411:
4398:
4394:
4385:
4381:
4372:
4368:
4355:
4351:
4342:
4338:
4325:
4321:
4312:
4308:
4289:
4285:
4281:v.1, pp. 234ff.
4272:
4268:
4253:Walter Jaeschke
4250:
4246:
4240:
4236:
4215:free personhood
4204:
4200:
4191:
4187:
4169:
4165:
4152:
4148:
4141:
4123:
4119:
4106:
4102:
4092:
4088:
4075:
4071:
4061:
4057:
4048:
4044:
4031:
4027:
3999:
3995:
3978:
3974:
3933:
3929:
3916:
3912:
3902:
3898:
3845:
3841:
3832:
3828:
3815:
3811:
3798:Giuseppe Piazzi
3795:
3791:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3709:
3688:, 2nd rev. edn.
3673:Berlin, 1818â31
3525:
3519:
3507:Wilfrid Sellars
3446:
3406:
3367:
3325:German Ideology
3304:Young Hegelians
3281:Young Hegelians
3261:Right Hegelians
3246:
3240:
3163:
3126:Walter Kaufmann
3114:
3105:
3016:
2960:
2870:
2814:Walter Jaeschke
2800:
2779:
2773:
2725:in chapter VI.
2704:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2639:Benedetto Croce
2628:Christian Wolff
2589:
2583:
2515:
2508:
2506:Absolute spirit
2435:Ethical Life' (
2430:
2420:
2414:
2372:and the French
2310:
2271:
2196:
2168:
2123:
2042:Hegel uses the
2036:
2028:Realphilosophie
2022:with "the idea
1898:German idealism
1864:coincides with
1794:
1788:
1744:
1733:real philosophy
1713:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1659:Young Hegelians
1654:Right Hegelians
1638:German idealism
1510:
1496:
1490:
1459:Walter Kaufmann
1336:
1330:
1270:
1183:
1166:
1027:
989:
977:
964:Hegel's friend
949:
792:
787:
720:Reign of Terror
667:Karl Rosenkranz
659:Christian Garve
634:
632:Chistiane Luise
599:
594:
592:Formative years
589:
558:imperative to "
525:, particularly
482:Napoleonic wars
419:German idealism
386:
350:
334:
308:
279:
275:German idealism
226:
210:
207: 1811)
202:
198:
195:
184:
148:
143:
112:
103:
98:
96:
88:
75:
69:
67:
59:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
22376:
22366:
22365:
22360:
22355:
22350:
22345:
22340:
22335:
22330:
22325:
22320:
22315:
22310:
22305:
22300:
22295:
22290:
22285:
22283:Metaphysicians
22280:
22275:
22270:
22265:
22260:
22255:
22250:
22245:
22240:
22235:
22230:
22225:
22220:
22215:
22210:
22205:
22200:
22195:
22190:
22185:
22180:
22175:
22170:
22165:
22160:
22155:
22150:
22145:
22140:
22135:
22118:
22117:
22112:
22111:
22109:
22108:
22103:
22098:
22088:
22083:
22073:
22062:
22059:
22058:
22056:
22055:
22048:
22043:
22038:
22031:
22026:
22021:
22016:
22011:
22004:
21996:
21994:
21990:
21989:
21987:
21986:
21981:
21979:Utilitarianism
21976:
21971:
21966:
21961:
21956:
21951:
21946:
21944:Legal moralism
21941:
21939:Interpretivism
21936:
21931:
21926:
21921:
21915:
21913:
21907:
21906:
21904:
21903:
21893:
21883:
21873:
21863:
21853:
21843:
21833:
21822:
21820:
21814:
21813:
21811:
21810:
21805:
21800:
21795:
21790:
21785:
21780:
21775:
21770:
21765:
21760:
21755:
21750:
21745:
21740:
21735:
21730:
21725:
21720:
21715:
21710:
21705:
21700:
21695:
21690:
21685:
21680:
21675:
21670:
21665:
21660:
21655:
21650:
21645:
21640:
21635:
21630:
21625:
21620:
21615:
21610:
21605:
21600:
21595:
21590:
21585:
21580:
21575:
21570:
21565:
21560:
21555:
21550:
21545:
21540:
21535:
21530:
21525:
21520:
21515:
21510:
21504:
21502:
21496:
21495:
21493:
21492:
21487:
21482:
21477:
21472:
21467:
21462:
21457:
21452:
21446:
21444:
21438:
21437:
21435:
21434:
21428:
21425:
21424:
21417:
21416:
21409:
21402:
21394:
21385:
21384:
21382:
21381:
21375:
21372:
21371:
21369:
21368:
21361:
21356:
21351:
21349:Social justice
21346:
21341:
21336:
21331:
21326:
21325:
21324:
21319:
21314:
21304:
21299:
21294:
21289:
21284:
21279:
21274:
21269:
21264:
21259:
21257:Egalitarianism
21254:
21249:
21247:Contractualism
21244:
21239:
21234:
21228:
21226:
21222:
21221:
21219:
21218:
21208:
21198:
21188:
21178:
21168:
21158:
21148:
21138:
21128:
21118:
21108:
21098:
21088:
21078:
21068:
21058:
21048:
21038:
21028:
21018:
21008:
20997:
20995:
20991:
20990:
20987:
20986:
20984:
20983:
20978:
20973:
20968:
20963:
20958:
20953:
20948:
20943:
20938:
20933:
20928:
20923:
20918:
20913:
20908:
20903:
20898:
20893:
20888:
20883:
20878:
20873:
20868:
20863:
20858:
20853:
20848:
20843:
20838:
20833:
20828:
20823:
20818:
20813:
20808:
20803:
20798:
20793:
20788:
20783:
20778:
20773:
20768:
20763:
20758:
20753:
20748:
20743:
20738:
20733:
20728:
20723:
20718:
20713:
20708:
20703:
20698:
20693:
20688:
20683:
20678:
20673:
20668:
20663:
20658:
20653:
20647:
20645:
20639:
20638:
20636:
20635:
20630:
20625:
20620:
20615:
20610:
20605:
20600:
20595:
20590:
20585:
20580:
20575:
20570:
20565:
20560:
20555:
20550:
20545:
20540:
20535:
20530:
20525:
20520:
20515:
20514:
20513:
20503:
20498:
20497:
20496:
20486:
20481:
20476:
20471:
20466:
20461:
20456:
20451:
20446:
20441:
20436:
20431:
20426:
20421:
20416:
20411:
20406:
20401:
20396:
20391:
20386:
20380:
20378:
20372:
20371:
20369:
20368:
20363:
20358:
20353:
20348:
20343:
20338:
20333:
20328:
20323:
20318:
20313:
20312:
20311:
20301:
20296:
20291:
20286:
20281:
20276:
20271:
20266:
20260:
20258:
20252:
20251:
20249:
20248:
20243:
20238:
20233:
20228:
20223:
20218:
20213:
20208:
20203:
20198:
20193:
20188:
20183:
20177:
20175:
20171:
20170:
20168:
20167:
20162:
20157:
20152:
20147:
20142:
20141:
20140:
20130:
20125:
20120:
20115:
20110:
20105:
20100:
20095:
20089:
20087:
20080:
20074:
20073:
20071:
20070:
20065:
20060:
20055:
20050:
20045:
20043:Overton window
20040:
20035:
20030:
20025:
20016:
20011:
20006:
20001:
19996:
19991:
19986:
19981:
19976:
19971:
19966:
19961:
19952:
19946:
19944:
19940:
19939:
19937:
19936:
19931:
19926:
19921:
19916:
19911:
19906:
19901:
19896:
19891:
19886:
19881:
19876:
19874:Libertarianism
19871:
19866:
19861:
19856:
19851:
19846:
19841:
19836:
19831:
19826:
19821:
19816:
19811:
19806:
19801:
19796:
19791:
19786:
19780:
19778:
19774:
19773:
19771:
19770:
19765:
19760:
19755:
19750:
19745:
19740:
19735:
19730:
19725:
19720:
19715:
19709:
19707:
19703:
19702:
19700:
19699:
19694:
19689:
19684:
19679:
19674:
19669:
19664:
19659:
19654:
19649:
19644:
19639:
19634:
19629:
19624:
19619:
19614:
19609:
19604:
19599:
19594:
19589:
19584:
19579:
19574:
19569:
19564:
19559:
19554:
19549:
19544:
19538:
19536:
19532:
19531:
19524:
19523:
19516:
19509:
19501:
19492:
19491:
19489:
19488:
19482:
19479:
19478:
19476:
19475:
19470:
19465:
19463:Social science
19460:
19455:
19450:
19445:
19440:
19435:
19430:
19425:
19420:
19415:
19410:
19405:
19400:
19395:
19389:
19387:
19383:
19382:
19380:
19379:
19369:
19359:
19353:Gender Trouble
19349:
19339:
19329:
19319:
19309:
19299:
19289:
19283:The Second Sex
19279:
19269:
19259:
19249:
19239:
19229:
19218:
19216:
19212:
19211:
19208:
19207:
19205:
19204:
19199:
19194:
19189:
19184:
19179:
19174:
19169:
19164:
19159:
19154:
19149:
19144:
19139:
19134:
19129:
19124:
19119:
19114:
19109:
19104:
19099:
19094:
19089:
19084:
19079:
19074:
19069:
19064:
19059:
19054:
19049:
19044:
19039:
19034:
19029:
19024:
19019:
19014:
19009:
19004:
18999:
18994:
18989:
18984:
18979:
18974:
18969:
18964:
18959:
18954:
18949:
18944:
18939:
18934:
18929:
18924:
18919:
18914:
18909:
18904:
18899:
18894:
18888:
18886:
18880:
18879:
18877:
18876:
18871:
18866:
18861:
18856:
18851:
18846:
18841:
18836:
18831:
18826:
18821:
18816:
18811:
18806:
18801:
18796:
18791:
18786:
18781:
18776:
18771:
18766:
18761:
18756:
18751:
18746:
18741:
18736:
18731:
18726:
18721:
18716:
18711:
18706:
18701:
18696:
18691:
18686:
18680:
18678:
18672:
18671:
18669:
18668:
18663:
18658:
18653:
18648:
18643:
18638:
18633:
18627:
18625:
18621:
18620:
18618:
18617:
18612:
18607:
18602:
18597:
18592:
18587:
18582:
18577:
18572:
18567:
18562:
18556:
18554:
18550:
18549:
18547:
18546:
18541:
18536:
18531:
18526:
18521:
18516:
18511:
18506:
18501:
18496:
18491:
18486:
18481:
18476:
18470:
18468:
18461:
18457:
18456:
18454:
18453:
18448:
18443:
18442:
18441:
18431:
18426:
18421:
18420:
18419:
18409:
18403:
18401:
18397:
18396:
18394:
18393:
18388:
18379:
18378:
18377:
18367:
18362:
18357:
18352:
18347:
18342:
18333:
18328:
18319:
18314:
18309:
18304:
18299:
18298:
18297:
18287:
18282:
18277:
18275:Invisible hand
18272:
18267:
18262:
18261:
18260:
18250:
18245:
18240:
18235:
18230:
18229:
18228:
18218:
18217:
18216:
18211:
18206:
18196:
18191:
18186:
18181:
18176:
18171:
18165:
18163:
18159:
18158:
18151:
18150:
18143:
18136:
18128:
18119:
18118:
18116:
18115:
18103:
18098:
18093:
18087:
18084:
18083:
18081:
18080:
18075:
18070:
18065:
18060:
18055:
18050:
18048:Neuroesthetics
18045:
18040:
18035:
18030:
18028:Arts criticism
18025:
18020:
18014:
18012:
18008:
18007:
18005:
18004:
17994:
17984:
17974:
17964:
17954:
17944:
17934:
17924:
17914:
17904:
17898:On the Sublime
17894:
17884:
17874:
17863:
17861:
17857:
17856:
17854:
17853:
17848:
17843:
17838:
17833:
17828:
17823:
17818:
17811:
17806:
17801:
17796:
17791:
17786:
17781:
17776:
17769:
17764:
17762:Interpretation
17759:
17754:
17749:
17744:
17739:
17734:
17729:
17724:
17719:
17714:
17709:
17704:
17699:
17694:
17689:
17684:
17679:
17678:
17677:
17672:
17662:
17657:
17655:Artistic merit
17652:
17647:
17642:
17636:
17634:
17630:
17629:
17627:
17626:
17619:
17614:
17609:
17604:
17599:
17594:
17589:
17584:
17579:
17574:
17569:
17564:
17559:
17554:
17549:
17544:
17539:
17534:
17529:
17524:
17519:
17514:
17509:
17504:
17499:
17494:
17489:
17484:
17479:
17474:
17469:
17464:
17459:
17454:
17449:
17444:
17439:
17434:
17429:
17424:
17419:
17414:
17409:
17404:
17399:
17394:
17389:
17384:
17379:
17374:
17369:
17364:
17359:
17354:
17349:
17343:
17341:
17337:
17336:
17334:
17333:
17326:
17321:
17316:
17311:
17306:
17304:Psychoanalysis
17301:
17296:
17291:
17286:
17281:
17276:
17271:
17266:
17261:
17255:
17253:
17249:
17248:
17246:
17245:
17240:
17235:
17230:
17225:
17220:
17215:
17210:
17205:
17200:
17195:
17189:
17187:
17183:
17182:
17175:
17174:
17167:
17160:
17152:
17143:
17142:
17140:
17139:
17128:
17125:
17124:
17122:
17121:
17114:
17109:
17107:Secular ethics
17104:
17102:Rehabilitation
17099:
17094:
17089:
17084:
17079:
17074:
17069:
17064:
17059:
17054:
17049:
17044:
17038:
17036:
17032:
17031:
17029:
17028:
17020:
17012:
17004:
16996:
16988:
16980:
16972:
16967:Utilitarianism
16964:
16956:
16948:
16940:
16932:
16924:
16916:
16908:
16900:
16892:
16883:
16881:
16877:
16876:
16874:
16873:
16868:
16863:
16858:
16853:
16848:
16843:
16838:
16833:
16828:
16823:
16818:
16813:
16808:
16803:
16798:
16793:
16788:
16783:
16778:
16773:
16768:
16763:
16758:
16753:
16748:
16743:
16738:
16733:
16728:
16723:
16718:
16713:
16708:
16703:
16698:
16693:
16688:
16683:
16678:
16673:
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16663:
16658:
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16612:
16607:
16597:
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16577:
16572:
16567:
16562:
16557:
16552:
16547:
16542:
16537:
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16527:
16522:
16517:
16512:
16507:
16502:
16497:
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16477:
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16465:
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16405:
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16380:
16374:
16372:
16368:
16367:
16365:
16364:
16359:
16354:
16349:
16344:
16339:
16334:
16329:
16327:Existentialist
16324:
16319:
16314:
16309:
16303:
16301:
16297:
16296:
16294:
16293:
16292:
16291:
16281:
16276:
16271:
16266:
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16264:
16259:
16254:
16249:
16239:
16234:
16229:
16224:
16222:Constructivism
16219:
16218:
16217:
16216:
16215:
16210:
16200:
16199:
16198:
16196:Non-naturalism
16193:
16178:
16173:
16167:
16165:
16159:
16158:
16156:
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16140:
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16068:
16063:
16058:
16053:
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16042:
16040:
16034:
16033:
16031:
16030:
16025:
16023:Utilitarianism
16020:
16015:
16010:
16005:
16000:
15995:
15990:
15984:
15982:
15976:
15975:
15968:
15967:
15960:
15953:
15945:
15936:
15935:
15933:
15932:
15922:
15911:
15908:
15907:
15905:
15904:
15897:
15892:
15887:
15882:
15877:
15872:
15867:
15862:
15857:
15852:
15846:
15844:
15843:Related topics
15840:
15839:
15836:
15835:
15833:
15832:
15826:
15825:
15820:
15815:
15810:
15805:
15803:Daniel Dennett
15800:
15795:
15793:Ravi Zacharias
15790:
15785:
15780:
15775:
15770:
15765:
15760:
15758:William L Rowe
15754:
15752:
15744:
15743:
15741:
15740:
15735:
15733:William Alston
15730:
15725:
15720:
15715:
15710:
15705:
15700:
15695:
15689:
15688:
15683:
15681:Gabriel Marcel
15678:
15673:
15668:
15663:
15658:
15653:
15648:
15643:
15637:
15635:
15629:
15628:
15626:
15625:
15620:
15618:Ernst Cassirer
15615:
15610:
15605:
15600:
15595:
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15584:
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15578:
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15568:
15563:
15557:
15555:
15549:
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15515:
15513:Thomas Carlyle
15509:
15508:
15503:
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15483:
15481:
15480:
15475:
15470:
15465:
15460:
15455:
15450:
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15440:
15438:Baruch Spinoza
15435:
15430:
15425:
15423:René Descartes
15420:
15414:
15412:
15406:
15405:
15403:
15402:
15397:
15395:Thomas Aquinas
15392:
15387:
15382:
15377:
15372:
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15211:
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15196:
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15186:
15181:
15176:
15171:
15166:
15164:Possibilianism
15161:
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15146:
15141:
15136:
15131:
15126:
15121:
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15119:
15114:
15109:
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15089:
15084:
15079:
15074:
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15072:
15067:
15062:
15052:
15047:
15042:
15040:Fundamentalism
15037:
15032:
15031:
15030:
15025:
15015:
15014:
15013:
15008:
15001:Existentialism
14998:
14993:
14988:
14983:
14978:
14973:
14968:
14963:
14958:
14953:
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14930:
14924:
14923:
14920:
14919:
14917:
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14911:
14906:
14901:
14896:
14894:Noncognitivism
14891:
14886:
14881:
14876:
14871:
14866:
14861:
14855:
14853:
14849:
14848:
14846:
14845:
14843:Transcendental
14840:
14839:
14838:
14833:
14823:
14818:
14813:
14811:Pascal's wager
14808:
14803:
14798:
14793:
14788:
14783:
14778:
14773:
14768:
14763:
14762:
14761:
14756:
14746:
14741:
14739:Christological
14736:
14730:
14728:
14721:
14715:
14714:
14711:
14710:
14708:
14707:
14702:
14697:
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14616:
14611:
14606:
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14559:
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14510:
14508:
14504:
14503:
14496:
14495:
14488:
14481:
14473:
14464:
14463:
14461:
14460:
14448:
14437:
14434:
14433:
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14425:
14420:
14415:
14410:
14405:
14400:
14395:
14390:
14385:
14380:
14375:
14370:
14364:
14362:
14361:Related topics
14358:
14357:
14355:
14354:
14344:
14334:
14328:Being and Time
14324:
14314:
14304:
14294:
14284:
14274:
14264:
14254:
14244:
14234:
14224:
14214:
14204:
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14086:
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14026:
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13951:
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13926:
13921:
13916:
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13905:
13903:
13901:Metaphysicians
13897:
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13886:
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13876:
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13866:
13861:
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13709:
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13699:
13694:
13689:
13684:
13679:
13674:
13669:
13664:
13657:
13655:Causal closure
13652:
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13581:
13576:
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13561:
13556:
13551:
13546:
13541:
13536:
13531:
13529:Libertarianism
13526:
13521:
13516:
13514:Existentialism
13511:
13506:
13501:
13496:
13491:
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13475:
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13468:
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13377:
13367:
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13357:
13352:
13347:
13342:
13337:
13332:
13327:
13322:
13317:
13312:
13307:
13301:
13299:
13298:Related topics
13295:
13294:
13292:
13291:
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13276:
13271:
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13261:
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13073:
13068:
13063:
13058:
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13048:
13043:
13038:
13033:
13028:
13026:Gallen-Kallela
13023:
13018:
13013:
13008:
13003:
13001:David d'Angers
12998:
12993:
12988:
12983:
12978:
12973:
12968:
12963:
12958:
12953:
12948:
12942:
12940:
12938:Visual artists
12934:
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12920:
12915:
12910:
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12900:
12898:Schleiermacher
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12875:
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12163:OehlenschlÀger
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11993:
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11833:Castelo Branco
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11559:Brothers Grimm
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11259:Gothic fiction
11256:
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11247:British Marine
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11145:Gothic revival
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10882:Self-deception
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10728:Class struggle
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10695:
10693:Always already
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10678:
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10650:Psychoanalysis
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10625:Non-philosophy
10622:
10620:Neo-Kantianism
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10600:
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10578:Existentialism
10575:
10573:Deconstruction
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9923:
9922:External links
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9367:(2): 145â165.
9352:
9343:
9334:
9330:Hegel's Ladder
9325:
9316:
9307:
9298:
9289:
9280:
9271:
9262:
9253:
9244:
9228:
9215:
9194:
9185:
9176:
9167:
9155:
9146:
9137:
9128:
9119:
9106:
9097:
9088:
9079:
9070:
9059:
9050:
9041:
9032:
9023:
9014:
9002:
8991:
8982:
8973:
8967:
8952:
8943:
8934:
8928:
8913:
8907:
8892:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8874:
8865:
8856:
8847:
8838:
8829:
8820:
8811:
8802:
8793:
8784:
8775:
8766:
8757:
8748:
8739:
8730:
8721:
8712:
8702:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8683:
8671:
8669:, p. 144.
8659:
8655:Bernstein 2010
8647:
8635:
8631:Bernstein 2010
8623:
8621:, p. 142.
8611:
8599:
8595:Bernstein 2010
8587:
8583:Bernstein 2010
8572:
8560:
8548:
8532:
8520:
8504:
8492:
8480:
8468:
8456:
8444:
8442:, p. 145.
8432:
8430:, p. 305.
8420:
8408:
8396:
8384:
8372:
8360:
8348:
8336:
8334:, p. 154.
8324:
8322:, p. 367.
8320:ChalybÀus 1860
8312:
8300:
8288:
8286:, p. 172.
8276:
8264:
8262:, p. 124.
8252:
8240:
8238:, p. 106.
8228:
8216:
8204:
8192:
8190:, p. 253.
8180:
8178:, p. 129.
8168:
8166:, p. 119.
8156:
8144:
8132:
8130:, p. 311.
8120:
8118:, p. 283.
8105:
8093:
8081:
8069:
8057:
8045:
8033:
8021:
8009:
7997:
7985:
7973:
7961:
7949:
7937:
7935:, p. 126.
7925:
7913:
7900:
7888:
7876:
7864:
7862:, p. 120.
7852:
7840:
7828:
7826:, p. 214.
7816:
7814:, p. 215.
7804:
7792:
7780:
7768:
7756:
7754:, p. 270.
7744:
7732:
7720:
7708:
7696:
7684:
7672:
7670:, p. 139.
7660:
7658:, p. 576.
7648:
7636:
7624:
7622:, p. 383.
7612:
7600:
7588:
7576:
7564:
7552:
7540:
7528:
7516:
7504:
7502:, p. 350.
7492:
7480:
7478:, p. 111.
7468:
7456:
7454:, p. 282.
7444:
7432:
7430:, p. 130.
7420:
7408:
7396:
7394:, p. 427.
7384:
7382:, p. 296.
7369:
7367:, p. 288.
7357:
7355:, p. 179.
7345:
7343:, p. 249.
7333:
7321:
7309:
7307:, p. 207.
7297:
7285:
7273:
7261:
7249:
7247:, p. 253.
7237:
7235:, p. 252.
7225:
7213:
7211:, p. 523.
7201:
7199:, p. 246.
7189:
7177:
7165:
7153:
7141:
7129:
7117:
7115:, p. 259.
7105:
7093:
7081:
7069:
7067:, p. 186.
7054:
7052:, p. 375.
7042:
7040:, p. 197.
7030:
7018:
7016:, p. 157.
7006:
6994:
6982:
6980:, p. 174.
6970:
6958:
6956:, p. 236.
6946:
6934:
6922:
6920:, p. 133.
6910:
6898:
6896:, p. 110.
6886:
6874:
6862:
6860:, p. 112.
6850:
6838:
6836:, p. vii.
6826:
6824:, p. 275.
6814:
6801:
6797:Bernstein 2023
6789:
6777:
6765:
6763:, p. 343.
6753:
6741:
6739:, p. 101.
6729:
6727:, p. 199.
6717:
6715:, p. 155.
6705:
6693:
6689:Burbidge 2006a
6681:
6669:
6657:
6645:
6633:
6621:
6609:
6597:
6595:, p. 156.
6585:
6573:
6561:
6557:Burbidge 2006b
6549:
6547:, p. 753.
6537:
6525:
6523:, p. 100.
6513:
6511:, p. 125.
6501:
6499:, p. 123.
6489:
6477:
6465:
6453:
6441:
6429:
6417:
6405:
6393:
6381:
6369:
6367:, p. 5-6.
6354:
6342:
6340:, p. 156.
6330:
6318:
6306:
6304:, p. 132.
6294:
6282:
6270:
6268:, p. 105.
6258:
6246:
6244:, p. 556.
6234:
6222:
6210:
6198:
6183:
6171:
6159:
6144:
6132:
6130:, p. 208.
6120:
6108:
6106:, p. 317, n.4.
6096:
6084:
6072:
6070:, p. 205.
6060:
6048:
6036:
6024:
6022:, p. 115.
6012:
5997:
5995:, p. 205.
5985:
5983:, p. 160.
5970:
5968:, p. 170.
5958:
5946:
5934:
5922:
5910:
5898:
5886:
5874:
5862:
5850:
5848:, p. 246.
5838:
5826:
5814:
5802:
5800:, p. 245.
5790:
5778:
5766:
5764:, p. 155.
5754:
5752:, p. 131.
5742:
5730:
5718:
5706:
5694:
5682:
5670:
5658:
5646:
5634:
5622:
5610:
5598:
5586:
5574:
5562:
5550:
5538:
5526:
5514:
5502:
5500:, p. 548.
5490:
5478:
5476:, p. 221.
5466:
5454:
5442:
5430:
5418:
5416:, p. xxi.
5406:
5384:
5369:
5367:, p. 222.
5357:
5345:
5333:
5321:
5319:, p. 773.
5309:
5307:, p. 337.
5297:
5285:
5273:
5261:
5249:
5234:
5222:
5205:
5193:
5191:, p. 114.
5181:
5179:, p. 117.
5169:
5167:, p. 192.
5157:
5145:
5143:, p. 223.
5133:
5131:, p. 113.
5121:
5119:, p. 108.
5109:
5107:, p. xiv.
5092:
5080:
5068:
5056:
5044:
5032:
5020:
5008:
4996:
4984:
4972:
4970:, p. 451.
4960:
4948:
4936:
4917:
4905:
4893:
4881:
4865:
4853:
4806:
4794:
4759:
4752:
4731:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4684:
4671:
4652:
4631:
4608:
4571:
4542:
4525:
4512:
4482:
4409:
4392:
4379:
4366:
4349:
4345:directly above
4336:
4319:
4306:
4283:
4266:
4244:
4234:
4198:
4185:
4163:
4146:
4117:
4100:
4086:
4069:
4055:
4042:
4025:
3993:
3983:, ch. 10 with
3972:
3927:
3910:
3905:Phenomenology.
3896:
3846:The German is
3839:
3826:
3809:
3789:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3702:, 3rd rev. edn
3696:
3689:
3682:
3670:
3669:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3649:
3636:
3635:
3626:
3625:
3613:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3581:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3553:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3518:
3515:
3498:Robert Brandom
3479:Charles Peirce
3445:
3442:
3399:Jean Hyppolite
3375:master-servant
3366:
3363:
3267:, advocated a
3239:
3236:
3162:
3159:
3134:Hegel did not.
3113:
3110:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3030:To "sublate" (
3005:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2959:
2956:
2869:
2866:
2837:sola scriptura
2799:
2796:
2775:Main article:
2772:
2769:
2703:
2698:
2684:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2646:Ernst Gombrich
2585:Main article:
2582:
2579:
2556:RĂŒdiger Bubner
2507:
2504:
2451:
2450:
2428:
2418:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2309:
2306:
2270:
2267:
2195:
2190:
2122:
2117:
2044:Owl of Minerva
2035:
2032:
1999:'s concept of
1913:transcendental
1806:essentialities
1790:Main article:
1787:
1782:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1648:
1647:
1646:Related topics
1643:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1489:
1486:
1352:Hegel's Ladder
1350:'s two-volume
1332:Main article:
1329:
1324:
1298:It was Kant's
1182:
1179:
1026:
1023:
876:Battle of Jena
791:
788:
786:
783:
751:TĂŒbinger Stift
691:TĂŒbinger Stift
683:TĂŒbinger Stift
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
554:Guided by the
406:
405:
397:
396:
392:
391:
388:
387:
385:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
353:
351:
349:Main interests
348:
345:
344:
342:(M.A. advisor)
329:
325:
324:
316:
310:
309:
307:
306:
300:
294:
287:
285:
281:
280:
278:
277:
272:
266:
264:
258:
257:
252:
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
234:
233:
216:
212:
211:
200:
196:
193:
192:
190:
186:
185:
183:
182:
175:
168:
161:
153:
151:
145:
144:
142:
141:
135:
124:TĂŒbinger Stift
120:
118:
114:
113:
104:
101:(aged 61)
94:
90:
89:
76:
74:27 August 1770
65:
61:
60:
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
22375:
22364:
22361:
22359:
22356:
22354:
22351:
22349:
22346:
22344:
22341:
22339:
22336:
22334:
22331:
22329:
22326:
22324:
22321:
22319:
22316:
22314:
22311:
22309:
22306:
22304:
22301:
22299:
22296:
22294:
22291:
22289:
22286:
22284:
22281:
22279:
22276:
22274:
22271:
22269:
22266:
22264:
22261:
22259:
22256:
22254:
22251:
22249:
22246:
22244:
22241:
22239:
22236:
22234:
22231:
22229:
22226:
22224:
22221:
22219:
22216:
22214:
22211:
22209:
22206:
22204:
22201:
22199:
22196:
22194:
22191:
22189:
22186:
22184:
22181:
22179:
22176:
22174:
22171:
22169:
22166:
22164:
22161:
22159:
22156:
22154:
22151:
22149:
22146:
22144:
22141:
22139:
22136:
22134:
22131:
22130:
22128:
22107:
22104:
22102:
22099:
22097:
22089:
22087:
22084:
22082:
22078:
22074:
22072:
22064:
22063:
22060:
22054:
22053:
22049:
22047:
22044:
22042:
22039:
22037:
22036:
22032:
22030:
22027:
22025:
22022:
22020:
22017:
22015:
22012:
22010:
22009:
22005:
22003:
22002:
21998:
21997:
21995:
21991:
21985:
21982:
21980:
21977:
21975:
21972:
21970:
21967:
21965:
21962:
21960:
21957:
21955:
21954:Legal realism
21952:
21950:
21947:
21945:
21942:
21940:
21937:
21935:
21932:
21930:
21927:
21925:
21922:
21920:
21917:
21916:
21914:
21912:
21908:
21899:
21898:
21894:
21889:
21888:
21884:
21879:
21878:
21874:
21869:
21868:
21864:
21859:
21858:
21854:
21849:
21848:
21844:
21839:
21838:
21834:
21829:
21828:
21824:
21823:
21821:
21819:
21815:
21809:
21806:
21804:
21801:
21799:
21796:
21794:
21791:
21789:
21786:
21784:
21781:
21779:
21776:
21774:
21771:
21769:
21766:
21764:
21761:
21759:
21756:
21754:
21751:
21749:
21746:
21744:
21741:
21739:
21736:
21734:
21731:
21729:
21726:
21724:
21721:
21719:
21716:
21714:
21711:
21709:
21706:
21704:
21701:
21699:
21696:
21694:
21691:
21689:
21686:
21684:
21681:
21679:
21676:
21674:
21671:
21669:
21666:
21664:
21661:
21659:
21656:
21654:
21651:
21649:
21646:
21644:
21641:
21639:
21636:
21634:
21631:
21629:
21626:
21624:
21621:
21619:
21616:
21614:
21611:
21609:
21606:
21604:
21601:
21599:
21596:
21594:
21591:
21589:
21586:
21584:
21581:
21579:
21576:
21574:
21571:
21569:
21566:
21564:
21561:
21559:
21556:
21554:
21551:
21549:
21546:
21544:
21541:
21539:
21536:
21534:
21531:
21529:
21526:
21524:
21521:
21519:
21516:
21514:
21511:
21509:
21506:
21505:
21503:
21501:
21497:
21491:
21488:
21486:
21483:
21481:
21480:Legal history
21478:
21476:
21473:
21471:
21468:
21466:
21463:
21461:
21458:
21456:
21453:
21451:
21448:
21447:
21445:
21443:
21439:
21433:
21430:
21429:
21426:
21422:
21421:Jurisprudence
21415:
21410:
21408:
21403:
21401:
21396:
21395:
21392:
21380:
21377:
21376:
21373:
21367:
21366:
21362:
21360:
21357:
21355:
21352:
21350:
21347:
21345:
21342:
21340:
21337:
21335:
21332:
21330:
21327:
21323:
21320:
21318:
21315:
21313:
21310:
21309:
21308:
21305:
21303:
21300:
21298:
21295:
21293:
21290:
21288:
21285:
21283:
21282:Jurisprudence
21280:
21278:
21275:
21273:
21270:
21268:
21265:
21263:
21260:
21258:
21255:
21253:
21250:
21248:
21245:
21243:
21240:
21238:
21235:
21233:
21230:
21229:
21227:
21223:
21214:
21213:
21209:
21204:
21203:
21199:
21194:
21193:
21189:
21184:
21183:
21179:
21174:
21173:
21169:
21164:
21163:
21159:
21154:
21153:
21149:
21144:
21143:
21139:
21134:
21133:
21129:
21124:
21123:
21119:
21114:
21113:
21112:Rights of Man
21109:
21104:
21103:
21099:
21094:
21093:
21089:
21084:
21083:
21079:
21074:
21073:
21069:
21064:
21063:
21059:
21054:
21053:
21049:
21044:
21043:
21039:
21034:
21033:
21029:
21024:
21023:
21022:De re publica
21019:
21014:
21013:
21009:
21004:
21003:
20999:
20998:
20996:
20992:
20982:
20979:
20977:
20974:
20972:
20969:
20967:
20964:
20962:
20959:
20957:
20954:
20952:
20949:
20947:
20944:
20942:
20939:
20937:
20934:
20932:
20929:
20927:
20924:
20922:
20919:
20917:
20914:
20912:
20909:
20907:
20904:
20902:
20899:
20897:
20894:
20892:
20889:
20887:
20884:
20882:
20879:
20877:
20874:
20872:
20869:
20867:
20864:
20862:
20859:
20857:
20854:
20852:
20849:
20847:
20844:
20842:
20839:
20837:
20834:
20832:
20829:
20827:
20824:
20822:
20819:
20817:
20814:
20812:
20809:
20807:
20804:
20802:
20799:
20797:
20794:
20792:
20789:
20787:
20784:
20782:
20779:
20777:
20774:
20772:
20769:
20767:
20764:
20762:
20759:
20757:
20754:
20752:
20749:
20747:
20744:
20742:
20739:
20737:
20734:
20732:
20729:
20727:
20724:
20722:
20719:
20717:
20714:
20712:
20709:
20707:
20704:
20702:
20699:
20697:
20694:
20692:
20689:
20687:
20684:
20682:
20679:
20677:
20674:
20672:
20669:
20667:
20664:
20662:
20659:
20657:
20654:
20652:
20649:
20648:
20646:
20642:20th and 21st
20640:
20634:
20631:
20629:
20626:
20624:
20621:
20619:
20616:
20614:
20611:
20609:
20606:
20604:
20601:
20599:
20596:
20594:
20591:
20589:
20586:
20584:
20581:
20579:
20576:
20574:
20571:
20569:
20566:
20564:
20561:
20559:
20556:
20554:
20551:
20549:
20546:
20544:
20541:
20539:
20536:
20534:
20531:
20529:
20526:
20524:
20521:
20519:
20516:
20512:
20509:
20508:
20507:
20504:
20502:
20499:
20495:
20492:
20491:
20490:
20487:
20485:
20482:
20480:
20477:
20475:
20472:
20470:
20467:
20465:
20462:
20460:
20457:
20455:
20452:
20450:
20447:
20445:
20442:
20440:
20437:
20435:
20432:
20430:
20427:
20425:
20422:
20420:
20417:
20415:
20412:
20410:
20407:
20405:
20402:
20400:
20397:
20395:
20392:
20390:
20387:
20385:
20382:
20381:
20379:
20375:18th and 19th
20373:
20367:
20364:
20362:
20359:
20357:
20354:
20352:
20349:
20347:
20344:
20342:
20339:
20337:
20334:
20332:
20329:
20327:
20324:
20322:
20319:
20317:
20314:
20310:
20307:
20306:
20305:
20302:
20300:
20297:
20295:
20292:
20290:
20287:
20285:
20282:
20280:
20277:
20275:
20272:
20270:
20267:
20265:
20262:
20261:
20259:
20253:
20247:
20244:
20242:
20239:
20237:
20234:
20232:
20231:Nizam al-Mulk
20229:
20227:
20224:
20222:
20219:
20217:
20214:
20212:
20209:
20207:
20204:
20202:
20199:
20197:
20194:
20192:
20189:
20187:
20184:
20182:
20179:
20178:
20176:
20172:
20166:
20163:
20161:
20158:
20156:
20153:
20151:
20148:
20146:
20143:
20139:
20136:
20135:
20134:
20131:
20129:
20126:
20124:
20121:
20119:
20116:
20114:
20111:
20109:
20106:
20104:
20101:
20099:
20096:
20094:
20091:
20090:
20088:
20084:
20081:
20079:
20075:
20069:
20066:
20064:
20061:
20059:
20056:
20054:
20051:
20049:
20046:
20044:
20041:
20039:
20036:
20034:
20031:
20029:
20026:
20023:
20022:
20017:
20015:
20012:
20010:
20007:
20005:
20002:
20000:
19997:
19995:
19992:
19990:
19987:
19985:
19982:
19980:
19977:
19975:
19972:
19970:
19967:
19965:
19962:
19959:
19958:
19953:
19951:
19948:
19947:
19945:
19941:
19935:
19932:
19930:
19927:
19925:
19922:
19920:
19917:
19915:
19914:Republicanism
19912:
19910:
19907:
19905:
19902:
19900:
19897:
19895:
19892:
19890:
19887:
19885:
19882:
19880:
19877:
19875:
19872:
19870:
19867:
19865:
19862:
19860:
19857:
19855:
19852:
19850:
19847:
19845:
19842:
19840:
19837:
19835:
19832:
19830:
19827:
19825:
19822:
19820:
19817:
19815:
19812:
19810:
19807:
19805:
19802:
19800:
19797:
19795:
19792:
19790:
19787:
19785:
19782:
19781:
19779:
19775:
19769:
19766:
19764:
19761:
19759:
19756:
19754:
19751:
19749:
19746:
19744:
19741:
19739:
19736:
19734:
19731:
19729:
19726:
19724:
19721:
19719:
19716:
19714:
19711:
19710:
19708:
19704:
19698:
19695:
19693:
19690:
19688:
19685:
19683:
19680:
19678:
19675:
19673:
19670:
19668:
19665:
19663:
19660:
19658:
19655:
19653:
19650:
19648:
19645:
19643:
19640:
19638:
19635:
19633:
19630:
19628:
19625:
19623:
19620:
19618:
19615:
19613:
19610:
19608:
19605:
19603:
19600:
19598:
19595:
19593:
19590:
19588:
19585:
19583:
19580:
19578:
19575:
19573:
19570:
19568:
19565:
19563:
19560:
19558:
19555:
19553:
19550:
19548:
19545:
19543:
19540:
19539:
19537:
19533:
19529:
19522:
19517:
19515:
19510:
19508:
19503:
19502:
19499:
19487:
19484:
19483:
19480:
19474:
19471:
19469:
19468:Social theory
19466:
19464:
19461:
19459:
19456:
19454:
19451:
19449:
19446:
19444:
19441:
19439:
19436:
19434:
19431:
19429:
19426:
19424:
19421:
19419:
19416:
19414:
19411:
19409:
19406:
19404:
19401:
19399:
19396:
19394:
19391:
19390:
19388:
19384:
19375:
19374:
19370:
19365:
19364:
19360:
19355:
19354:
19350:
19345:
19344:
19340:
19335:
19334:
19330:
19325:
19324:
19320:
19315:
19314:
19310:
19305:
19304:
19300:
19295:
19294:
19290:
19285:
19284:
19280:
19275:
19274:
19270:
19265:
19264:
19260:
19255:
19254:
19250:
19245:
19244:
19240:
19235:
19234:
19230:
19225:
19224:
19220:
19219:
19217:
19213:
19203:
19200:
19198:
19195:
19193:
19190:
19188:
19185:
19183:
19180:
19178:
19175:
19173:
19170:
19168:
19165:
19163:
19160:
19158:
19155:
19153:
19150:
19148:
19145:
19143:
19140:
19138:
19135:
19133:
19130:
19128:
19125:
19123:
19122:Radhakrishnan
19120:
19118:
19115:
19113:
19110:
19108:
19105:
19103:
19100:
19098:
19095:
19093:
19090:
19088:
19085:
19083:
19080:
19078:
19075:
19073:
19070:
19068:
19065:
19063:
19060:
19058:
19055:
19053:
19050:
19048:
19045:
19043:
19040:
19038:
19035:
19033:
19030:
19028:
19025:
19023:
19020:
19018:
19015:
19013:
19010:
19008:
19005:
19003:
19000:
18998:
18995:
18993:
18990:
18988:
18985:
18983:
18980:
18978:
18975:
18973:
18970:
18968:
18965:
18963:
18960:
18958:
18955:
18953:
18950:
18948:
18945:
18943:
18940:
18938:
18935:
18933:
18930:
18928:
18925:
18923:
18920:
18918:
18915:
18913:
18910:
18908:
18905:
18903:
18900:
18898:
18895:
18893:
18890:
18889:
18887:
18883:20th and 21st
18881:
18875:
18872:
18870:
18867:
18865:
18862:
18860:
18857:
18855:
18852:
18850:
18847:
18845:
18842:
18840:
18837:
18835:
18832:
18830:
18827:
18825:
18822:
18820:
18817:
18815:
18812:
18810:
18807:
18805:
18802:
18800:
18797:
18795:
18792:
18790:
18787:
18785:
18782:
18780:
18777:
18775:
18772:
18770:
18767:
18765:
18762:
18760:
18757:
18755:
18752:
18750:
18747:
18745:
18742:
18740:
18737:
18735:
18732:
18730:
18727:
18725:
18722:
18720:
18717:
18715:
18712:
18710:
18707:
18705:
18702:
18700:
18697:
18695:
18692:
18690:
18687:
18685:
18682:
18681:
18679:
18675:18th and 19th
18673:
18667:
18664:
18662:
18659:
18657:
18654:
18652:
18649:
18647:
18644:
18642:
18639:
18637:
18634:
18632:
18629:
18628:
18626:
18622:
18616:
18613:
18611:
18608:
18606:
18603:
18601:
18598:
18596:
18593:
18591:
18588:
18586:
18583:
18581:
18578:
18576:
18573:
18571:
18568:
18566:
18563:
18561:
18558:
18557:
18555:
18551:
18545:
18542:
18540:
18537:
18535:
18532:
18530:
18527:
18525:
18522:
18520:
18517:
18515:
18512:
18510:
18507:
18505:
18502:
18500:
18497:
18495:
18492:
18490:
18487:
18485:
18482:
18480:
18477:
18475:
18472:
18471:
18469:
18465:
18462:
18458:
18452:
18449:
18447:
18444:
18440:
18437:
18436:
18435:
18432:
18430:
18427:
18425:
18422:
18418:
18415:
18414:
18413:
18410:
18408:
18405:
18404:
18402:
18398:
18392:
18389:
18386:
18385:
18380:
18376:
18373:
18372:
18371:
18368:
18366:
18363:
18361:
18358:
18356:
18353:
18351:
18348:
18346:
18343:
18340:
18339:
18334:
18332:
18329:
18326:
18325:
18320:
18318:
18315:
18313:
18310:
18308:
18305:
18303:
18300:
18296:
18293:
18292:
18291:
18288:
18286:
18283:
18281:
18278:
18276:
18273:
18271:
18268:
18266:
18263:
18259:
18256:
18255:
18254:
18251:
18249:
18246:
18244:
18241:
18239:
18236:
18234:
18231:
18227:
18224:
18223:
18222:
18219:
18215:
18212:
18210:
18207:
18205:
18202:
18201:
18200:
18197:
18195:
18192:
18190:
18187:
18185:
18182:
18180:
18177:
18175:
18172:
18170:
18167:
18166:
18164:
18160:
18156:
18149:
18144:
18142:
18137:
18135:
18130:
18129:
18126:
18114:
18104:
18102:
18099:
18097:
18094:
18092:
18089:
18088:
18085:
18079:
18078:Theory of art
18076:
18074:
18071:
18069:
18066:
18064:
18061:
18059:
18056:
18054:
18051:
18049:
18046:
18044:
18041:
18039:
18036:
18034:
18031:
18029:
18026:
18024:
18021:
18019:
18016:
18015:
18013:
18009:
18000:
17999:
17995:
17990:
17989:
17985:
17980:
17979:
17975:
17969:
17965:
17959:
17955:
17950:
17949:
17945:
17940:
17939:
17935:
17929:
17925:
17920:
17919:
17915:
17910:
17909:
17905:
17900:
17899:
17895:
17890:
17889:
17885:
17880:
17879:
17875:
17870:
17869:
17868:Hippias Major
17865:
17864:
17862:
17858:
17852:
17849:
17847:
17844:
17842:
17839:
17837:
17834:
17832:
17829:
17827:
17824:
17822:
17819:
17817:
17816:
17812:
17810:
17807:
17805:
17802:
17800:
17797:
17795:
17792:
17790:
17787:
17785:
17782:
17780:
17777:
17775:
17774:
17770:
17768:
17765:
17763:
17760:
17758:
17755:
17753:
17750:
17748:
17745:
17743:
17740:
17738:
17735:
17733:
17730:
17728:
17727:Entertainment
17725:
17723:
17720:
17718:
17715:
17713:
17710:
17708:
17705:
17703:
17700:
17698:
17695:
17693:
17690:
17688:
17685:
17683:
17680:
17676:
17673:
17671:
17668:
17667:
17666:
17663:
17661:
17658:
17656:
17653:
17651:
17650:Art manifesto
17648:
17646:
17643:
17641:
17640:Appropriation
17638:
17637:
17635:
17631:
17625:
17624:
17620:
17618:
17615:
17613:
17610:
17608:
17605:
17603:
17600:
17598:
17595:
17593:
17590:
17588:
17585:
17583:
17580:
17578:
17575:
17573:
17570:
17568:
17565:
17563:
17560:
17558:
17555:
17553:
17550:
17548:
17545:
17543:
17540:
17538:
17535:
17533:
17532:Merleau-Ponty
17530:
17528:
17525:
17523:
17520:
17518:
17515:
17513:
17510:
17508:
17505:
17503:
17500:
17498:
17495:
17493:
17490:
17488:
17485:
17483:
17480:
17478:
17475:
17473:
17470:
17468:
17465:
17463:
17460:
17458:
17455:
17453:
17450:
17448:
17445:
17443:
17440:
17438:
17435:
17433:
17430:
17428:
17425:
17423:
17420:
17418:
17415:
17413:
17410:
17408:
17405:
17403:
17400:
17398:
17395:
17393:
17390:
17388:
17385:
17383:
17380:
17378:
17375:
17373:
17370:
17368:
17365:
17363:
17360:
17358:
17355:
17353:
17350:
17348:
17347:Abhinavagupta
17345:
17344:
17342:
17338:
17332:
17331:
17327:
17325:
17322:
17320:
17317:
17315:
17312:
17310:
17307:
17305:
17302:
17300:
17299:Postmodernism
17297:
17295:
17292:
17290:
17287:
17285:
17282:
17280:
17277:
17275:
17272:
17270:
17267:
17265:
17262:
17260:
17257:
17256:
17254:
17250:
17244:
17241:
17239:
17236:
17234:
17231:
17229:
17226:
17224:
17221:
17219:
17216:
17214:
17211:
17209:
17206:
17204:
17201:
17199:
17196:
17194:
17191:
17190:
17188:
17184:
17180:
17173:
17168:
17166:
17161:
17159:
17154:
17153:
17150:
17138:
17130:
17129:
17126:
17120:
17119:
17115:
17113:
17110:
17108:
17105:
17103:
17100:
17098:
17095:
17093:
17090:
17088:
17085:
17083:
17080:
17078:
17075:
17073:
17070:
17068:
17065:
17063:
17060:
17058:
17055:
17053:
17050:
17048:
17045:
17043:
17040:
17039:
17037:
17033:
17024:
17021:
17016:
17013:
17008:
17005:
17000:
16997:
16992:
16989:
16984:
16981:
16976:
16973:
16968:
16965:
16960:
16957:
16952:
16949:
16944:
16941:
16936:
16933:
16928:
16925:
16920:
16917:
16912:
16909:
16904:
16901:
16896:
16893:
16888:
16885:
16884:
16882:
16878:
16872:
16869:
16867:
16864:
16862:
16859:
16857:
16854:
16852:
16849:
16847:
16844:
16842:
16839:
16837:
16834:
16832:
16829:
16827:
16824:
16822:
16819:
16817:
16814:
16812:
16809:
16807:
16804:
16802:
16799:
16797:
16794:
16792:
16789:
16787:
16784:
16782:
16779:
16777:
16774:
16772:
16769:
16767:
16764:
16762:
16759:
16757:
16754:
16752:
16749:
16747:
16744:
16742:
16739:
16737:
16734:
16732:
16729:
16727:
16724:
16722:
16719:
16717:
16714:
16712:
16709:
16707:
16704:
16702:
16699:
16697:
16694:
16692:
16689:
16687:
16684:
16682:
16679:
16677:
16674:
16672:
16669:
16667:
16664:
16662:
16659:
16657:
16654:
16653:
16651:
16649:
16644:
16638:
16635:
16633:
16630:
16628:
16625:
16623:
16620:
16616:
16613:
16611:
16608:
16606:
16603:
16602:
16601:
16598:
16596:
16593:
16591:
16588:
16586:
16583:
16581:
16578:
16576:
16573:
16571:
16568:
16566:
16563:
16561:
16558:
16556:
16553:
16551:
16548:
16546:
16543:
16541:
16538:
16536:
16533:
16531:
16528:
16526:
16523:
16521:
16520:Moral courage
16518:
16516:
16513:
16511:
16508:
16506:
16503:
16501:
16498:
16496:
16493:
16491:
16488:
16486:
16483:
16481:
16478:
16474:
16471:
16469:
16466:
16464:
16461:
16460:
16459:
16458:Good and evil
16456:
16454:
16451:
16449:
16446:
16444:
16443:Family values
16441:
16439:
16436:
16434:
16431:
16429:
16426:
16424:
16421:
16419:
16416:
16414:
16411:
16409:
16406:
16404:
16401:
16399:
16396:
16394:
16391:
16389:
16386:
16384:
16381:
16379:
16376:
16375:
16373:
16369:
16363:
16360:
16358:
16355:
16353:
16350:
16348:
16345:
16343:
16340:
16338:
16335:
16333:
16330:
16328:
16325:
16323:
16320:
16318:
16315:
16313:
16310:
16308:
16305:
16304:
16302:
16298:
16290:
16287:
16286:
16285:
16282:
16280:
16277:
16275:
16272:
16270:
16267:
16263:
16260:
16258:
16257:Quasi-realism
16255:
16253:
16250:
16248:
16245:
16244:
16243:
16240:
16238:
16235:
16233:
16230:
16228:
16225:
16223:
16220:
16214:
16211:
16209:
16206:
16205:
16204:
16201:
16197:
16194:
16192:
16189:
16188:
16187:
16184:
16183:
16182:
16179:
16177:
16174:
16172:
16169:
16168:
16166:
16164:
16160:
16154:
16151:
16149:
16146:
16144:
16141:
16139:
16136:
16134:
16131:
16129:
16126:
16124:
16121:
16119:
16116:
16114:
16111:
16109:
16106:
16104:
16101:
16099:
16096:
16094:
16091:
16087:
16084:
16083:
16082:
16081:Environmental
16079:
16077:
16074:
16072:
16069:
16067:
16064:
16062:
16059:
16057:
16054:
16052:
16049:
16047:
16044:
16043:
16041:
16039:
16035:
16029:
16026:
16024:
16021:
16019:
16016:
16014:
16011:
16009:
16006:
16004:
16003:Particularism
16001:
15999:
15996:
15994:
15991:
15989:
15986:
15985:
15983:
15981:
15977:
15973:
15966:
15961:
15959:
15954:
15952:
15947:
15946:
15943:
15931:
15923:
15921:
15917:
15913:
15912:
15909:
15903:
15902:
15898:
15896:
15893:
15891:
15888:
15886:
15883:
15881:
15878:
15876:
15873:
15871:
15868:
15866:
15863:
15861:
15858:
15856:
15853:
15851:
15848:
15847:
15845:
15841:
15831:
15828:
15827:
15824:
15821:
15819:
15816:
15814:
15811:
15809:
15806:
15804:
15801:
15799:
15796:
15794:
15791:
15789:
15786:
15784:
15781:
15779:
15776:
15774:
15773:Anthony Kenny
15771:
15769:
15766:
15764:
15761:
15759:
15756:
15755:
15753:
15745:
15739:
15736:
15734:
15731:
15729:
15726:
15724:
15721:
15719:
15716:
15714:
15711:
15709:
15706:
15704:
15701:
15699:
15698:Mircea Eliade
15696:
15694:
15691:
15690:
15687:
15684:
15682:
15679:
15677:
15674:
15672:
15669:
15667:
15664:
15662:
15659:
15657:
15654:
15652:
15649:
15647:
15644:
15642:
15639:
15638:
15636:
15630:
15624:
15621:
15619:
15616:
15614:
15611:
15609:
15606:
15604:
15601:
15599:
15596:
15594:
15591:
15589:
15586:
15585:
15582:
15581:William James
15579:
15577:
15574:
15572:
15569:
15567:
15564:
15562:
15561:Ernst Haeckel
15559:
15558:
15556:
15550:
15544:
15541:
15539:
15536:
15534:
15531:
15529:
15526:
15524:
15521:
15519:
15516:
15514:
15511:
15510:
15507:
15504:
15502:
15499:
15497:
15494:
15493:
15491:
15485:
15479:
15476:
15474:
15473:Immanuel Kant
15471:
15469:
15466:
15464:
15461:
15459:
15456:
15454:
15451:
15449:
15446:
15444:
15441:
15439:
15436:
15434:
15431:
15429:
15428:Blaise Pascal
15426:
15424:
15421:
15419:
15416:
15415:
15413:
15411:
15407:
15401:
15398:
15396:
15393:
15391:
15388:
15386:
15383:
15381:
15378:
15376:
15373:
15371:
15368:
15366:
15363:
15361:
15358:
15356:
15353:
15351:
15348:
15346:
15343:
15341:
15338:
15336:
15333:
15331:
15328:
15327:
15325:
15323:
15318:
15314:
15311:
15306:
15299:
15293:
15290:
15288:
15285:
15283:
15280:
15278:
15275:
15273:
15270:
15268:
15265:
15263:
15260:
15259:
15257:
15255:
15251:
15245:
15242:
15240:
15237:
15235:
15232:
15230:
15229:Language game
15227:
15225:
15222:
15221:
15219:
15217:
15213:
15207:
15206:
15202:
15200:
15197:
15195:
15192:
15190:
15187:
15185:
15182:
15180:
15177:
15175:
15172:
15170:
15167:
15165:
15162:
15160:
15157:
15155:
15152:
15150:
15147:
15145:
15142:
15140:
15137:
15135:
15132:
15130:
15127:
15125:
15122:
15118:
15115:
15113:
15110:
15108:
15105:
15104:
15103:
15100:
15098:
15095:
15093:
15090:
15088:
15085:
15083:
15080:
15078:
15075:
15071:
15068:
15066:
15063:
15061:
15058:
15057:
15056:
15053:
15051:
15048:
15046:
15043:
15041:
15038:
15036:
15033:
15029:
15026:
15024:
15021:
15020:
15019:
15016:
15012:
15009:
15007:
15004:
15003:
15002:
14999:
14997:
14994:
14992:
14989:
14987:
14984:
14982:
14979:
14977:
14974:
14972:
14969:
14967:
14964:
14962:
14959:
14957:
14954:
14952:
14949:
14947:
14944:
14942:
14939:
14937:
14934:
14933:
14931:
14929:
14925:
14915:
14912:
14910:
14907:
14905:
14902:
14900:
14899:Occam's razor
14897:
14895:
14892:
14890:
14887:
14885:
14882:
14880:
14877:
14875:
14872:
14870:
14867:
14865:
14862:
14860:
14857:
14856:
14854:
14850:
14844:
14841:
14837:
14834:
14832:
14829:
14828:
14827:
14824:
14822:
14819:
14817:
14814:
14812:
14809:
14807:
14804:
14802:
14799:
14797:
14794:
14792:
14789:
14787:
14784:
14782:
14779:
14777:
14774:
14772:
14769:
14767:
14764:
14760:
14757:
14755:
14752:
14751:
14750:
14747:
14745:
14744:Consciousness
14742:
14740:
14737:
14735:
14732:
14731:
14729:
14725:
14722:
14720:
14716:
14706:
14703:
14701:
14698:
14696:
14693:
14691:
14688:
14686:
14683:
14681:
14678:
14676:
14673:
14671:
14668:
14666:
14663:
14661:
14658:
14656:
14653:
14652:
14650:
14646:
14640:
14639:Unmoved mover
14637:
14635:
14634:Supreme Being
14632:
14630:
14627:
14625:
14622:
14620:
14617:
14615:
14612:
14610:
14607:
14605:
14602:
14600:
14597:
14595:
14592:
14590:
14587:
14586:
14583:
14580:
14578:
14574:
14568:
14565:
14563:
14560:
14558:
14555:
14553:
14550:
14548:
14545:
14543:
14540:
14538:
14535:
14531:
14527:
14526:
14525:
14522:
14520:
14517:
14515:
14512:
14511:
14509:
14505:
14501:
14494:
14489:
14487:
14482:
14480:
14475:
14474:
14471:
14459:
14449:
14447:
14439:
14438:
14435:
14429:
14426:
14424:
14421:
14419:
14416:
14414:
14411:
14409:
14406:
14404:
14403:Phenomenology
14401:
14399:
14396:
14394:
14391:
14389:
14386:
14384:
14381:
14379:
14376:
14374:
14371:
14369:
14366:
14365:
14363:
14359:
14350:
14349:
14345:
14340:
14339:
14335:
14330:
14329:
14325:
14320:
14319:
14315:
14310:
14309:
14305:
14300:
14299:
14295:
14290:
14289:
14285:
14280:
14279:
14275:
14270:
14269:
14265:
14260:
14259:
14255:
14250:
14249:
14245:
14240:
14239:
14235:
14230:
14229:
14225:
14220:
14219:
14215:
14210:
14209:
14205:
14200:
14199:
14195:
14190:
14189:
14185:
14180:
14179:
14175:
14170:
14169:
14165:
14164:
14162:
14160:Notable works
14158:
14152:
14151:
14147:
14145:
14142:
14140:
14137:
14135:
14132:
14130:
14127:
14125:
14122:
14120:
14117:
14115:
14112:
14110:
14107:
14105:
14102:
14100:
14097:
14095:
14092:
14090:
14087:
14085:
14082:
14080:
14077:
14075:
14072:
14070:
14067:
14065:
14062:
14060:
14057:
14055:
14052:
14050:
14047:
14045:
14042:
14040:
14037:
14035:
14032:
14030:
14027:
14025:
14022:
14020:
14017:
14015:
14012:
14010:
14007:
14005:
14002:
14000:
13997:
13995:
13992:
13990:
13987:
13985:
13982:
13980:
13977:
13975:
13972:
13970:
13967:
13965:
13962:
13960:
13957:
13955:
13952:
13950:
13947:
13945:
13942:
13940:
13937:
13935:
13932:
13930:
13927:
13925:
13922:
13920:
13917:
13915:
13912:
13910:
13907:
13906:
13904:
13902:
13898:
13892:
13891:
13887:
13885:
13882:
13880:
13877:
13875:
13872:
13870:
13867:
13865:
13862:
13860:
13857:
13855:
13852:
13850:
13847:
13845:
13842:
13840:
13837:
13835:
13832:
13830:
13827:
13825:
13822:
13820:
13817:
13815:
13812:
13810:
13807:
13805:
13802:
13800:
13797:
13795:
13792:
13790:
13787:
13785:
13782:
13780:
13777:
13775:
13772:
13770:
13767:
13765:
13762:
13760:
13757:
13755:
13752:
13750:
13747:
13745:
13742:
13740:
13737:
13735:
13732:
13730:
13727:
13725:
13722:
13718:
13715:
13714:
13713:
13710:
13708:
13705:
13703:
13700:
13698:
13695:
13693:
13690:
13688:
13685:
13683:
13680:
13678:
13675:
13673:
13670:
13668:
13665:
13663:
13662:
13658:
13656:
13653:
13651:
13648:
13646:
13643:
13641:
13638:
13636:
13633:
13632:
13630:
13626:
13620:
13617:
13615:
13612:
13610:
13607:
13605:
13602:
13600:
13597:
13595:
13592:
13590:
13587:
13585:
13582:
13580:
13577:
13575:
13572:
13570:
13567:
13565:
13564:Phenomenalism
13562:
13560:
13557:
13555:
13552:
13550:
13547:
13545:
13542:
13540:
13537:
13535:
13532:
13530:
13527:
13525:
13522:
13520:
13517:
13515:
13512:
13510:
13507:
13505:
13502:
13500:
13497:
13495:
13492:
13490:
13487:
13485:
13484:Action theory
13482:
13480:
13477:
13476:
13474:
13470:
13466:
13459:
13454:
13452:
13447:
13445:
13440:
13439:
13436:
13425:
13424:
13413:
13412:
13406:
13405:
13396:
13390:
13389:
13385:
13381:
13378:
13376:
13373:
13372:
13371:
13368:
13366:
13363:
13361:
13358:
13356:
13353:
13351:
13348:
13346:
13343:
13341:
13338:
13336:
13333:
13331:
13328:
13326:
13323:
13321:
13318:
13316:
13313:
13311:
13308:
13306:
13303:
13302:
13300:
13296:
13290:
13287:
13285:
13282:
13280:
13277:
13275:
13272:
13270:
13267:
13265:
13262:
13260:
13257:
13255:
13252:
13250:
13247:
13245:
13242:
13240:
13237:
13235:
13232:
13230:
13227:
13225:
13222:
13220:
13217:
13215:
13212:
13210:
13207:
13205:
13202:
13200:
13197:
13196:
13194:
13192:
13188:
13182:
13179:
13177:
13174:
13172:
13169:
13167:
13164:
13162:
13159:
13157:
13154:
13152:
13149:
13147:
13144:
13142:
13139:
13137:
13134:
13132:
13129:
13127:
13124:
13122:
13119:
13117:
13114:
13112:
13109:
13107:
13104:
13102:
13099:
13097:
13094:
13092:
13089:
13087:
13084:
13082:
13079:
13077:
13074:
13072:
13069:
13067:
13064:
13062:
13059:
13057:
13054:
13052:
13049:
13047:
13044:
13042:
13039:
13037:
13034:
13032:
13029:
13027:
13024:
13022:
13019:
13017:
13014:
13012:
13009:
13007:
13004:
13002:
12999:
12997:
12994:
12992:
12989:
12987:
12984:
12982:
12979:
12977:
12974:
12972:
12969:
12967:
12964:
12962:
12959:
12957:
12954:
12952:
12949:
12947:
12944:
12943:
12941:
12939:
12935:
12929:
12926:
12924:
12921:
12919:
12916:
12914:
12911:
12909:
12906:
12904:
12901:
12899:
12896:
12894:
12891:
12889:
12886:
12884:
12881:
12879:
12876:
12874:
12871:
12869:
12866:
12864:
12861:
12859:
12856:
12854:
12851:
12849:
12846:
12844:
12841:
12839:
12836:
12834:
12831:
12829:
12826:
12824:
12821:
12819:
12816:
12814:
12811:
12809:
12806:
12804:
12801:
12799:
12796:
12794:
12791:
12789:
12786:
12784:
12781:
12779:
12776:
12774:
12771:
12769:
12766:
12765:
12763:
12761:
12757:
12747:
12744:
12742:
12739:
12737:
12734:
12732:
12729:
12727:
12724:
12722:
12719:
12717:
12714:
12712:
12709:
12708:
12706:
12702:
12696:
12693:
12691:
12688:
12686:
12683:
12681:
12678:
12677:
12675:
12671:
12665:
12662:
12660:
12657:
12655:
12652:
12650:
12647:
12645:
12642:
12640:
12637:
12635:
12632:
12630:
12627:
12625:
12622:
12620:
12617:
12615:
12612:
12610:
12607:
12605:
12602:
12601:
12599:
12595:
12589:
12586:
12584:
12581:
12579:
12576:
12574:
12571:
12569:
12566:
12564:
12561:
12559:
12556:
12554:
12551:
12550:
12548:
12544:
12538:
12535:
12533:
12530:
12528:
12525:
12523:
12520:
12518:
12515:
12513:
12510:
12508:
12505:
12503:
12500:
12499:
12497:
12493:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12462:
12459:
12458:
12456:
12452:
12446:
12443:
12441:
12438:
12436:
12433:
12431:
12428:
12426:
12423:
12421:
12418:
12416:
12413:
12411:
12408:
12406:
12403:
12401:
12398:
12396:
12393:
12391:
12388:
12386:
12383:
12381:
12378:
12376:
12373:
12371:
12368:
12367:
12365:
12361:
12355:
12352:
12350:
12347:
12345:
12342:
12340:
12337:
12335:
12332:
12330:
12327:
12325:
12322:
12320:
12317:
12315:
12312:
12311:
12309:
12305:
12299:
12296:
12294:
12291:
12289:
12286:
12284:
12281:
12279:
12276:
12275:
12273:
12269:
12263:
12260:
12258:
12255:
12253:
12250:
12248:
12245:
12243:
12240:
12238:
12235:
12233:
12230:
12229:
12227:
12223:
12220:
12218:
12214:
12204:
12201:
12199:
12196:
12194:
12191:
12189:
12186:
12184:
12181:
12179:
12176:
12174:
12171:
12169:
12166:
12164:
12161:
12159:
12156:
12154:
12151:
12149:
12146:
12144:
12141:
12139:
12136:
12134:
12131:
12129:
12126:
12124:
12121:
12119:
12118:Nikolai Gogol
12116:
12114:
12111:
12109:
12106:
12104:
12101:
12099:
12096:
12094:
12091:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12081:
12079:
12076:
12074:
12071:
12069:
12066:
12065:
12063:
12059:
12053:
12050:
12048:
12045:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12033:
12030:
12028:
12025:
12023:
12020:
12018:
12015:
12013:
12010:
12009:
12007:
12003:
11997:
11994:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11982:
11979:
11977:
11974:
11972:
11969:
11967:
11964:
11962:
11959:
11958:
11956:
11952:
11946:
11943:
11941:
11938:
11936:
11933:
11931:
11928:
11926:
11923:
11921:
11918:
11917:
11915:
11911:
11905:
11902:
11900:
11897:
11895:
11892:
11890:
11887:
11885:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11876:
11874:
11870:
11864:
11861:
11859:
11856:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
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11841:
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11810:
11808:
11805:
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11793:
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11783:
11780:
11778:
11775:
11774:
11772:
11770:
11766:
11760:
11757:
11755:
11752:
11750:
11749:P. B. Shelley
11747:
11745:
11742:
11740:
11737:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11729:Mary Robinson
11727:
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11707:
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11702:
11700:
11697:
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11509:
11506:
11504:
11501:
11499:
11496:
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11491:
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11486:
11484:
11481:
11479:
11476:
11474:
11471:
11469:
11466:
11464:
11461:
11459:
11458:Chateaubriand
11456:
11454:
11451:
11449:
11446:
11445:
11443:
11441:
11437:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
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11413:
11411:
11408:
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11362:
11360:
11356:
11353:
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11347:
11341:
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11336:
11335:
11331:
11329:
11326:
11324:
11321:
11319:
11316:
11314:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11301:
11299:
11296:
11294:
11291:
11289:
11288:
11287:Mal du siĂšcle
11284:
11282:
11279:
11275:
11272:
11270:
11267:
11266:
11265:
11262:
11260:
11257:
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11200:
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11186:
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11176:
11173:
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11163:
11161:
11158:
11156:
11153:
11151:
11148:
11146:
11143:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11133:
11131:
11128:
11126:
11123:
11121:
11118:
11116:
11113:
11111:
11108:
11107:
11105:
11101:
11095:
11092:
11090:
11087:
11085:
11082:
11080:
11077:
11075:
11072:
11070:
11067:
11065:
11062:
11060:
11057:
11055:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11038:
11036:
11032:
11028:
11021:
11016:
11014:
11009:
11007:
11002:
11001:
10998:
10986:
10983:
10981:
10978:
10977:
10974:
10968:
10965:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10955:
10953:
10950:
10948:
10947:Media studies
10945:
10943:
10940:
10938:
10935:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10920:
10918:
10915:
10913:
10912:Will to power
10910:
10908:
10905:
10903:
10900:
10898:
10895:
10893:
10890:
10888:
10885:
10883:
10880:
10878:
10875:
10873:
10870:
10868:
10865:
10863:
10860:
10858:
10855:
10853:
10850:
10848:
10845:
10843:
10840:
10838:
10837:Leap of faith
10835:
10833:
10830:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10820:
10818:
10815:
10813:
10810:
10808:
10805:
10803:
10800:
10798:
10795:
10793:
10790:
10788:
10785:
10783:
10780:
10778:
10775:
10773:
10770:
10768:
10765:
10763:
10760:
10758:
10757:
10753:
10749:
10746:
10744:
10741:
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10736:
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10734:
10731:
10729:
10726:
10724:
10721:
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10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10704:
10701:
10699:
10696:
10694:
10691:
10689:
10686:
10685:
10683:
10679:
10673:
10672:Structuralism
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10656:
10653:
10652:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10640:Postmodernism
10638:
10636:
10635:Phenomenology
10633:
10631:
10628:
10626:
10623:
10621:
10618:
10614:
10611:
10609:
10606:
10605:
10604:
10601:
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10596:
10594:
10591:
10589:
10586:
10584:
10581:
10579:
10576:
10574:
10571:
10569:
10566:
10564:
10561:
10560:
10558:
10554:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10513:
10510:
10508:
10505:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10447:Merleau-Ponty
10445:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10420:
10418:
10415:
10413:
10410:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10400:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10368:
10365:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10255:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10220:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10205:
10203:
10200:
10198:
10195:
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10190:
10188:
10185:
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10180:
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10175:
10173:
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10168:
10165:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10124:
10122:
10118:
10114:
10107:
10102:
10100:
10095:
10093:
10088:
10087:
10084:
10078:
10071:
10065:
10063:
10059:
10057:
10055:
10051:
10049:
10047:
10043:
10041:
10039:
10035:
10033:
10031:
10027:
10025:
10021:
10020:
10012:
10008:
10005:
10003:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9990:
9987:
9986:
9972:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9962:, 10 May 2000
9961:
9956:
9955:
9947:
9944:
9942:
9939:
9934:
9931:
9930:
9914:
9909:
9905:
9900:
9896:
9891:
9887:
9882:
9878:
9873:
9869:
9864:
9860:
9855:
9851:
9846:
9842:
9837:
9833:
9828:
9824:
9819:
9815:
9810:
9807:. SUNY Press.
9806:
9801:
9797:
9792:
9788:
9783:
9779:
9778:
9772:
9768:
9763:
9759:
9754:
9750:
9745:
9741:
9736:
9724:
9720:
9715:
9711:
9706:
9702:
9697:
9693:
9688:
9684:
9679:
9675:
9671:
9666:
9662:
9657:
9653:
9648:
9644:
9640:
9636:
9632:
9629:(3): 411â14.
9628:
9624:
9619:
9615:
9610:
9606:
9601:
9597:
9592:
9588:
9583:
9579:
9574:
9570:
9568:0-8014-7450-7
9564:
9560:
9556:
9555:
9549:
9545:
9540:
9536:
9531:
9527:
9522:
9518:
9513:
9509:
9504:
9500:
9495:
9491:
9486:
9482:
9477:
9473:
9468:
9464:
9459:
9455:
9449:
9445:
9440:
9436:
9431:
9427:
9422:
9418:
9413:
9409:
9404:
9400:
9395:
9391:
9386:
9382:
9378:
9374:
9370:
9366:
9362:
9358:
9353:
9349:
9344:
9340:
9335:
9331:
9326:
9322:
9317:
9313:
9308:
9304:
9299:
9295:
9290:
9286:
9281:
9277:
9272:
9268:
9263:
9259:
9254:
9250:
9245:
9241:
9238:
9234:
9229:
9225:
9221:
9216:
9212:
9208:
9204:
9200:
9195:
9191:
9186:
9182:
9177:
9173:
9168:
9164:
9160:
9156:
9152:
9147:
9143:
9138:
9134:
9129:
9125:
9120:
9116:
9112:
9107:
9103:
9098:
9094:
9089:
9085:
9080:
9076:
9071:
9067:
9066:
9060:
9056:
9051:
9047:
9042:
9038:
9033:
9029:
9024:
9020:
9015:
9011:
9008:
9003:
8999:
8998:
8992:
8988:
8983:
8979:
8974:
8970:
8964:
8960:
8959:
8953:
8949:
8944:
8940:
8935:
8931:
8929:9780521387118
8925:
8921:
8920:
8914:
8910:
8908:9780674020696
8904:
8900:
8899:
8893:
8889:
8884:
8883:
8871:
8866:
8862:
8857:
8853:
8848:
8844:
8839:
8835:
8830:
8826:
8821:
8817:
8812:
8808:
8803:
8799:
8794:
8790:
8785:
8781:
8776:
8772:
8767:
8763:
8758:
8754:
8749:
8745:
8740:
8736:
8731:
8727:
8722:
8718:
8713:
8709:
8704:
8703:
8700:
8680:
8675:
8668:
8667:Fritzman 2014
8663:
8656:
8651:
8644:
8639:
8632:
8627:
8620:
8619:Fritzman 2014
8615:
8608:
8603:
8596:
8591:
8585:, p. 89.
8584:
8579:
8577:
8569:
8568:Fritzman 2014
8564:
8557:
8552:
8545:
8541:
8536:
8529:
8524:
8517:
8513:
8508:
8501:
8496:
8489:
8484:
8477:
8472:
8465:
8460:
8453:
8448:
8441:
8436:
8429:
8428:Rockmore 2013
8424:
8417:
8412:
8405:
8400:
8393:
8392:Rockmore 1993
8388:
8381:
8380:Fritzman 2014
8376:
8369:
8368:Houlgate 2005
8364:
8357:
8356:Houlgate 2006
8352:
8345:
8344:Fritzman 2014
8340:
8333:
8332:Kaufmann 1959
8328:
8321:
8316:
8309:
8304:
8297:
8292:
8285:
8280:
8273:
8268:
8261:
8256:
8250:, p. 58.
8249:
8244:
8237:
8236:Houlgate 2005
8232:
8225:
8220:
8213:
8208:
8201:
8196:
8189:
8184:
8177:
8172:
8165:
8160:
8153:
8148:
8142:, p. 64.
8141:
8136:
8129:
8124:
8117:
8112:
8110:
8102:
8097:
8091:, p.194, n.2.
8090:
8085:
8078:
8073:
8066:
8061:
8055:, p. 22.
8054:
8049:
8043:, p. 91.
8042:
8041:Burbidge 1993
8037:
8030:
8025:
8018:
8013:
8006:
8001:
7994:
7989:
7983:, p. 57.
7982:
7981:Peperzak 2001
7977:
7970:
7965:
7958:
7957:Peperzak 2001
7953:
7947:, p. 15.
7946:
7941:
7934:
7933:Fritzman 2014
7929:
7922:
7921:Fritzman 2014
7917:
7910:
7904:
7897:
7896:Houlgate 2005
7892:
7885:
7880:
7874:, p. 54.
7873:
7868:
7861:
7860:Fritzman 2014
7856:
7849:
7844:
7837:
7836:Fritzman 2014
7832:
7825:
7820:
7813:
7808:
7801:
7796:
7789:
7788:Houlgate 2005
7784:
7777:
7772:
7765:
7760:
7753:
7748:
7741:
7736:
7729:
7724:
7717:
7712:
7705:
7700:
7694:, p. 22.
7693:
7688:
7681:
7680:Jaeschke 1993
7676:
7669:
7664:
7657:
7652:
7645:
7640:
7633:
7628:
7621:
7616:
7609:
7604:
7597:
7592:
7585:
7580:
7573:
7568:
7561:
7556:
7549:
7544:
7537:
7532:
7525:
7520:
7514:, p. 23.
7513:
7512:Fritzman 2014
7508:
7501:
7496:
7489:
7484:
7477:
7472:
7465:
7460:
7453:
7448:
7442:, p. 24.
7441:
7436:
7429:
7424:
7417:
7412:
7406:, p. 17.
7405:
7400:
7393:
7388:
7381:
7376:
7374:
7366:
7361:
7354:
7353:Jaeschke 2013
7349:
7342:
7337:
7331:, p. 27.
7330:
7325:
7318:
7313:
7306:
7301:
7294:
7289:
7282:
7277:
7271:, p. xi.
7270:
7265:
7258:
7253:
7246:
7241:
7234:
7229:
7222:
7217:
7210:
7209:Peperzak 2001
7205:
7198:
7197:Westphal 1993
7193:
7186:
7181:
7174:
7173:Peperzak 2001
7169:
7162:
7157:
7150:
7149:Pöggeler 2012
7145:
7138:
7133:
7126:
7121:
7114:
7109:
7102:
7097:
7090:
7085:
7078:
7073:
7066:
7061:
7059:
7051:
7046:
7039:
7034:
7027:
7022:
7015:
7014:Westphal 2013
7010:
7003:
6998:
6991:
6986:
6979:
6978:Peperzak 2001
6974:
6967:
6962:
6955:
6950:
6943:
6938:
6931:
6930:Fritzman 2014
6926:
6919:
6914:
6907:
6902:
6895:
6890:
6883:
6878:
6871:
6866:
6859:
6854:
6847:
6846:Ferrarin 2007
6842:
6835:
6830:
6823:
6818:
6811:
6805:
6798:
6793:
6786:
6781:
6774:
6769:
6762:
6757:
6750:
6745:
6738:
6733:
6726:
6725:Houlgate 2005
6721:
6714:
6709:
6702:
6701:Westphal 2008
6697:
6690:
6685:
6678:
6673:
6666:
6661:
6655:, p. 54.
6654:
6649:
6643:, p. 29.
6642:
6637:
6630:
6625:
6619:, p. 23.
6618:
6613:
6607:, p. 21.
6606:
6601:
6594:
6589:
6582:
6577:
6570:
6565:
6558:
6553:
6546:
6541:
6534:
6529:
6522:
6521:Burbidge 1993
6517:
6510:
6505:
6498:
6493:
6486:
6485:Burbidge 1993
6481:
6474:
6469:
6462:
6457:
6450:
6445:
6438:
6433:
6426:
6421:
6415:, p. 10.
6414:
6413:Fritzman 2014
6409:
6402:
6397:
6390:
6385:
6378:
6373:
6366:
6361:
6359:
6352:, p. 38.
6351:
6350:Houlgate 2005
6346:
6339:
6334:
6327:
6322:
6316:, p. 55.
6315:
6310:
6303:
6298:
6292:, p. 53.
6291:
6286:
6280:, p. 87.
6279:
6278:Burbidge 1993
6274:
6267:
6262:
6255:
6254:Houlgate 2006
6250:
6243:
6238:
6231:
6230:Houlgate 2006
6226:
6220:, p. 30.
6219:
6218:Houlgate 2005
6214:
6207:
6202:
6195:
6190:
6188:
6180:
6175:
6168:
6163:
6156:
6151:
6149:
6141:
6136:
6129:
6124:
6117:
6112:
6105:
6100:
6094:, p. 42.
6093:
6088:
6082:, p. 88.
6081:
6080:Peperzak 2001
6076:
6069:
6064:
6057:
6052:
6046:, p. 99.
6045:
6040:
6034:, p. 78.
6033:
6032:Fritzman 2014
6028:
6021:
6020:Kaufmann 1959
6016:
6010:, p. 32.
6009:
6008:Fritzman 2014
6004:
6002:
5994:
5989:
5982:
5977:
5975:
5967:
5962:
5955:
5950:
5944:, p. 41.
5943:
5938:
5931:
5926:
5919:
5914:
5908:, p. 57.
5907:
5906:Houlgate 2005
5902:
5895:
5890:
5883:
5882:Houlgate 2013
5878:
5871:
5866:
5859:
5854:
5847:
5842:
5835:
5830:
5823:
5818:
5811:
5806:
5799:
5794:
5787:
5782:
5775:
5770:
5763:
5762:Peperzak 2001
5758:
5751:
5746:
5739:
5734:
5727:
5722:
5715:
5710:
5703:
5698:
5692:, p. 29.
5691:
5690:Fritzman 2014
5686:
5679:
5674:
5668:, p. 36.
5667:
5662:
5655:
5650:
5644:, p. 30.
5643:
5642:Fritzman 2014
5638:
5631:
5626:
5620:, p. 29.
5619:
5614:
5608:, p. 29.
5607:
5602:
5596:, p. 40.
5595:
5590:
5584:, p. 37.
5583:
5578:
5572:, p. 34.
5571:
5566:
5559:
5554:
5547:
5546:Ferrarin 2007
5542:
5536:, p. 27.
5535:
5530:
5524:, p. 25.
5523:
5518:
5511:
5506:
5499:
5494:
5487:
5482:
5475:
5470:
5463:
5458:
5451:
5446:
5439:
5438:Kaufmann 1959
5434:
5427:
5422:
5415:
5410:
5395:
5388:
5380:
5373:
5366:
5361:
5355:, p. 17.
5354:
5349:
5343:, p. 16.
5342:
5337:
5330:
5325:
5318:
5313:
5306:
5301:
5294:
5289:
5282:
5277:
5270:
5265:
5258:
5253:
5246:
5241:
5239:
5231:
5226:
5219:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5202:
5197:
5190:
5185:
5178:
5173:
5166:
5161:
5154:
5149:
5142:
5137:
5130:
5125:
5118:
5113:
5106:
5105:Houlgate 2005
5101:
5099:
5097:
5090:, p. 53.
5089:
5088:Kaufmann 1959
5084:
5077:
5076:Kaufmann 1959
5072:
5065:
5064:Houlgate 2005
5060:
5053:
5048:
5041:
5036:
5030:, p. 80.
5029:
5024:
5018:, p. 38.
5017:
5012:
5005:
5000:
4993:
4988:
4982:, p. 10.
4981:
4976:
4969:
4964:
4957:
4952:
4945:
4940:
4933:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4914:
4909:
4903:, p. 16.
4902:
4897:
4890:
4885:
4878:
4874:
4869:
4862:
4857:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4803:
4798:
4791:
4789:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4763:
4755:
4753:9781405881180
4749:
4745:
4738:
4736:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4715:
4711:
4698:
4694:
4688:
4681:
4675:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4656:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4635:
4629:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4552:
4546:
4539:
4538:Jaeschke 1990
4535:
4529:
4522:
4516:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4496:
4492:
4486:
4479:
4478:manifestieren
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4460:he titled it
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4406:
4405:Phenomenology
4402:
4396:
4389:
4383:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4359:
4353:
4346:
4340:
4333:
4332:Houlgate 2007
4329:
4323:
4316:
4310:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4276:
4270:
4263:
4258:
4254:
4248:
4238:
4232:
4230:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4202:
4195:
4189:
4182:
4177:
4176:Phenomenology
4173:
4167:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4121:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4096:
4090:
4083:
4080:, part I and
4079:
4078:Houlgate 2006
4073:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4046:
4039:
4035:
4029:
4022:
4021:Phenomenology
4018:
4017:Phenomenology
4014:
4013:Phenomenology
4010:
4009:Phenomenology
4006:
4005:Phenomenology
4002:
3997:
3990:
3986:
3985:Houlgate 2006
3982:
3976:
3969:
3968:Phenomenology
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3924:
3920:
3914:
3906:
3900:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3836:
3830:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3793:
3785:
3778:
3752:
3748:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3668:, 1st edition
3667:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3624:
3623:Phenomenology
3620:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3571:Jena, 1801â07
3565:
3562:
3559:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3531:Bern, 1793â96
3528:
3524:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3494:John McDowell
3490:
3486:
3484:
3483:William James
3480:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3462:
3454:
3450:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3423:Jacques Lacan
3420:
3416:
3412:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3353:György Lukåcs
3350:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3285:revolutionary
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3254:
3250:
3245:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3183:G. R. G. Mure
3180:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3138:Phenomenology
3135:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3089:
3088:is rational.
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3052:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3028:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3009:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2865:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2822:Protestantism
2819:
2815:
2808:
2807:Martin Luther
2804:
2795:
2793:
2792:Phenomenology
2788:
2784:
2778:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2761:Phenomenology
2757:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2730:Phenomenology
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:Enlightenment
2717:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2680:
2671:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2609:Phenomenology
2602:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2519:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2467:Isaiah Berlin
2462:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2444:
2443:civil society
2440:
2438:
2429:
2426:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2318:
2314:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2275:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2259:Isaiah Berlin
2254:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2237:of spirit is
2236:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2045:
2040:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1835:. The first,
1834:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:Michael Wolff
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1482:Phenomenology
1479:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1463:Phenomenology
1460:
1455:
1452:
1451:Phenomenology
1447:
1444:
1443:Phenomenology
1439:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1427:Bildungsroman
1423:
1422:Phenomenology
1418:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1375:individualist
1372:
1368:
1367:Phenomenology
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1344:Phenomenology
1340:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1237:Immanuel Kant
1234:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1178:
1176:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
993:
988:
984:
981:
976:
967:
962:
958:
956:
953:
948:
943:
942:Phenomenology
939:
938:Phenomenology
935:
930:
926:
925:Phenomenology
922:
921:Terry Pinkard
916:
908:
906:
900:
899:
894:
893:
887:
883:
881:
877:
873:
872:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
834:
830:
826:
823:
819:
818:
813:
809:
801:
796:
782:
780:
775:
770:
769:
768:Life of Jesus
764:
760:
752:
748:
743:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
684:
679:
675:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:Enlightenment
652:
648:
644:
638:
633:
629:
628:bilious fever
625:
620:
616:
608:
603:
584:
581:
577:
574:in his later
573:
569:
565:
564:Phenomenology
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
545:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
509:
508:
503:
499:
495:
494:
489:
488:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:Enlightenment
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:topics, from
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
403:
398:
393:
389:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
354:
352:
346:
338:
333:
330:
326:
322:
321:
317:
315:
311:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
288:
286:
282:
276:
273:
271:
268:
267:
265:
263:
259:
256:
253:
249:
246:
243:
239:
235:
230:
225:
221:
218:3, including
217:
213:
191:
187:
181:
180:
176:
174:
173:
169:
167:
166:
162:
160:
159:
155:
154:
152:
146:
139:
136:
133:
129:
125:
122:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
66:
62:
58:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
22052:Usul al-Fiqh
22050:
22033:
22029:Legal system
22006:
21999:
21897:Law's Empire
21895:
21885:
21875:
21865:
21855:
21845:
21835:
21825:
21617:
21500:Philosophers
21442:Legal theory
21363:
21262:Elite theory
21210:
21200:
21190:
21180:
21170:
21160:
21150:
21140:
21130:
21120:
21110:
21100:
21090:
21080:
21070:
21060:
21050:
21040:
21030:
21020:
21010:
21000:
20473:
20299:Guicciardini
20255:Early modern
20078:Philosophers
20028:Open society
19964:Body politic
19834:Distributism
19824:Conservatism
19819:Confucianism
19738:Gerontocracy
19728:Dictatorship
19682:Sovereigntyâ
19672:Ruling class
19562:Emancipation
19547:Citizenshipâ
19371:
19361:
19351:
19341:
19331:
19321:
19311:
19301:
19291:
19281:
19271:
19261:
19251:
19241:
19231:
19221:
18743:
18641:Guicciardini
18624:Early modern
18460:Philosophers
18434:Conservatism
18429:Confucianism
18417:Distributism
18350:Social norms
18338:Sittlichkeit
18324:Ressentiment
18270:Institutions
18248:Human nature
17996:
17986:
17976:
17946:
17936:
17916:
17906:
17896:
17886:
17876:
17866:
17813:
17789:Magnificence
17771:
17621:
17587:Schopenhauer
17466:
17422:Coomaraswamy
17340:Philosophers
17328:
17259:Aestheticism
17116:
17072:Human rights
17015:After Virtue
16741:Schopenhauer
16735:
16515:Moral agency
16388:Common sense
16284:Universalism
16252:Expressivism
16232:Intuitionism
16203:Subjectivism
16148:Terraforming
16123:Professional
15899:
15718:Martin Lings
15671:Emil Brunner
15661:Paul Tillich
15651:Martin Buber
15566:W K Clifford
15543:Afrikan Spir
15505:
15458:Thomas Chubb
15410:Early modern
15390:Adi Shankara
15303:Philosophers
15287:Natural evil
15203:
15179:Spiritualism
15154:Perennialism
15107:Metaphysical
14951:Antireligion
14826:Teleological
14749:Cosmological
14700:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
14665:Christianity
14624:Personal god
14378:Epistemology
14346:
14336:
14326:
14316:
14306:
14296:
14286:
14276:
14266:
14256:
14246:
14236:
14226:
14216:
14206:
14196:
14188:NyÄya SĆ«tras
14186:
14176:
14166:
14148:
14064:Wittgenstein
14009:Schopenhauer
14003:
13888:
13879:Unobservable
13729:Intelligence
13659:
13599:Subjectivism
13594:Spiritualism
13509:Essentialism
13489:Anti-realism
13416:
13409:
13402:
13386:
13106:Porto-Alegre
12822:
12760:Philosophers
12644:Rachmaninoff
12093:Chavchavadze
12083:Baratashvili
11843:JoĂŁo de Deus
11812:Wincenty Pol
11604:KĂŒchelbecker
11332:
11298:Noble savage
11285:
11251:
11226:Wallenrodism
11203:
11189:
11120:Coppet group
11054:(literature)
10877:Ressentiment
10762:Death of God
10754:
10748:Postcritique
10708:Authenticity
10598:Hermeneutics
10502:Schopenhauer
10407:LĂ©vi-Strauss
10331:
10120:Philosophers
10061:
10053:
10045:
10037:
10029:
9993:Marxists.org
9959:
9933:Hegel-Archiv
9912:
9903:
9894:
9885:
9876:
9868:Simply Hegel
9867:
9858:
9849:
9840:
9831:
9822:
9813:
9804:
9795:
9789:. Routledge.
9786:
9776:
9766:
9757:
9748:
9739:
9729:16 September
9727:. Retrieved
9722:
9709:
9700:
9691:
9682:
9673:
9669:
9660:
9651:
9626:
9622:
9613:
9604:
9595:
9586:
9580:. Continuum.
9577:
9553:
9543:
9534:
9528:. Doubleday.
9525:
9516:
9507:
9501:. Routledge.
9498:
9489:
9480:
9471:
9462:
9443:
9434:
9425:
9416:
9407:
9398:
9389:
9364:
9360:
9347:
9338:
9329:
9320:
9311:
9302:
9293:
9284:
9275:
9266:
9257:
9248:
9240:
9236:
9232:
9223:
9219:
9202:
9198:
9189:
9180:
9171:
9162:
9150:
9141:
9132:
9123:
9114:
9110:
9104:. Macmillan.
9101:
9092:
9083:
9074:
9064:
9054:
9045:
9036:
9027:
9018:
9010:
9006:
8996:
8986:
8977:
8957:
8947:
8941:. Routledge.
8938:
8918:
8897:
8890:. Routledge.
8887:
8869:
8860:
8851:
8842:
8833:
8824:
8815:
8806:
8797:
8788:
8779:
8770:
8761:
8752:
8743:
8734:
8725:
8716:
8707:
8681:, p. 4.
8674:
8662:
8650:
8643:Brandom 2019
8638:
8626:
8614:
8609:, p. 7.
8602:
8590:
8563:
8558:, p. 1.
8551:
8535:
8523:
8507:
8502:, p. 9.
8495:
8483:
8471:
8459:
8452:Marcuse 1999
8447:
8435:
8423:
8411:
8399:
8394:, chapter 3.
8387:
8382:, chapter 9.
8375:
8363:
8351:
8339:
8327:
8315:
8303:
8296:Mueller 1958
8291:
8279:
8267:
8255:
8243:
8231:
8226:, p. 5.
8219:
8207:
8195:
8183:
8171:
8159:
8147:
8135:
8123:
8096:
8084:
8072:
8060:
8048:
8036:
8024:
8017:Inwood 2013b
8012:
8000:
7988:
7976:
7964:
7952:
7940:
7928:
7916:
7903:
7891:
7879:
7867:
7855:
7850:, p. 9.
7843:
7838:, p. 3.
7831:
7819:
7807:
7795:
7783:
7776:Beiser 1993b
7771:
7766:, p. 9.
7759:
7752:Beiser 1993b
7747:
7740:Hodgson 2008
7735:
7728:Pinkard 2000
7723:
7718:, p. 5.
7711:
7699:
7687:
7675:
7663:
7656:Pinkard 2000
7651:
7644:Hodgson 1985
7639:
7627:
7615:
7603:
7591:
7586:, p. 3.
7584:Hodgson 1985
7579:
7567:
7562:, p. 9.
7555:
7550:, p. 7.
7543:
7531:
7519:
7507:
7495:
7483:
7471:
7459:
7447:
7435:
7423:
7418:, p. 1.
7411:
7399:
7387:
7360:
7348:
7336:
7324:
7312:
7300:
7288:
7276:
7264:
7252:
7240:
7228:
7216:
7204:
7192:
7180:
7168:
7156:
7144:
7132:
7120:
7108:
7103:, p. x.
7096:
7089:Pinkard 2000
7084:
7072:
7050:Pinkard 2000
7045:
7033:
7026:Pippin 2008b
7021:
7009:
6997:
6985:
6973:
6961:
6949:
6937:
6925:
6918:deVries 2013
6913:
6901:
6889:
6877:
6865:
6853:
6841:
6829:
6817:
6804:
6792:
6780:
6768:
6756:
6744:
6732:
6720:
6708:
6696:
6684:
6672:
6660:
6648:
6636:
6624:
6612:
6600:
6588:
6576:
6564:
6552:
6540:
6528:
6516:
6504:
6492:
6480:
6468:
6456:
6444:
6432:
6420:
6408:
6396:
6384:
6372:
6345:
6333:
6321:
6309:
6297:
6285:
6273:
6261:
6249:
6242:Collins 2013
6237:
6225:
6213:
6201:
6174:
6162:
6155:Inwood 2013a
6135:
6128:Inwood 2013a
6123:
6111:
6099:
6087:
6075:
6068:Inwood 2013a
6063:
6058:, p. 9.
6051:
6039:
6027:
6015:
5993:Pinkard 2000
5988:
5961:
5949:
5937:
5925:
5913:
5901:
5889:
5884:, p. 7.
5877:
5865:
5853:
5841:
5829:
5817:
5805:
5793:
5781:
5769:
5757:
5745:
5733:
5721:
5714:Pinkard 2000
5709:
5704:, p. 6.
5697:
5685:
5678:Pinkard 2000
5673:
5661:
5649:
5637:
5625:
5613:
5601:
5589:
5577:
5565:
5553:
5548:, p. 3.
5541:
5529:
5517:
5510:Pinkard 2000
5505:
5498:Pinkard 2000
5493:
5486:Pinkard 2000
5481:
5469:
5462:Pinkard 2000
5457:
5445:
5433:
5421:
5409:
5397:. Retrieved
5387:
5378:
5372:
5360:
5348:
5336:
5329:Pinkard 2000
5324:
5317:Pinkard 2000
5312:
5305:Pinkard 2000
5300:
5293:Pinkard 2000
5288:
5281:Pinkard 2000
5276:
5269:Pinkard 2000
5264:
5257:Pinkard 2000
5252:
5245:Pinkard 2000
5230:Pinkard 2000
5225:
5218:Pinkard 2000
5201:Pinkard 2000
5196:
5184:
5177:Pinkard 2000
5172:
5165:Pinkard 2000
5160:
5153:Pinkard 2000
5148:
5141:Pinkard 2000
5136:
5129:Pinkard 2000
5124:
5117:Pinkard 2000
5112:
5083:
5071:
5059:
5052:Pinkard 2000
5047:
5035:
5028:Pinkard 2000
5023:
5016:Pinkard 2000
5011:
5004:Pinkard 2000
4999:
4994:, p. 9.
4987:
4975:
4968:Pinkard 2000
4963:
4958:, p. 7.
4951:
4946:, p. 8.
4939:
4932:Redding 2020
4913:Beiser 1993a
4908:
4901:Pinkard 2000
4896:
4884:
4873:Pinkard 2000
4868:
4863:, p. 3.
4861:Pinkard 2000
4856:
4846:16 September
4844:. Retrieved
4840:
4802:Pinkard 2000
4797:
4787:
4785:
4778:. Retrieved
4771:
4762:
4743:
4723:
4714:
4696:
4692:
4687:
4679:
4674:
4664:
4655:
4647:
4639:
4634:
4627:
4624:
4611:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4574:
4564:
4558:
4550:
4545:
4536:, ch. 5, or
4528:
4520:
4515:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4412:
4404:
4395:
4382:
4375:
4369:
4361:
4352:
4339:
4328:Henrich 1979
4322:
4315:Pippin 2008a
4309:
4302:historically
4301:
4298:conceptually
4297:
4291:
4286:
4278:
4269:
4261:
4256:
4247:
4237:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4188:
4180:
4175:
4171:
4166:
4158:
4154:
4149:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4120:
4112:
4103:
4098:experience."
4094:
4089:
4082:Hentrup 2019
4072:
4064:
4058:
4050:
4045:
4033:
4028:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4001:Robert Stern
3996:
3989:Collins 2013
3975:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3930:
3913:
3904:
3899:
3890:
3886:
3882:Encyclopedia
3881:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3863:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3835:Beiser 1993a
3829:
3822:Christianity
3817:
3812:
3802:minor planet
3792:
3751:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3679:
3672:
3671:
3665:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3637:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3569:
3556:
3546:
3545:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3491:
3487:
3468:
3458:
3438:Frantz Fanon
3431:
3402:
3388:
3383:
3380:Encyclopedia
3379:
3368:
3356:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3301:
3297:
3275:of the post-
3258:
3208:Schopenhauer
3164:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3115:
3101:
3098:Robert Stern
3094:
3090:
3086:being itself
3085:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3055:
3050:
3047:
3031:
3029:
3021:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2943:
2939:
2929:
2924:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2871:
2862:
2846:
2835:
2829:
2812:
2791:
2783:Encyclopedia
2782:
2780:
2765:
2760:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2707:
2705:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2677:
2674:Christianity
2665:
2660:
2656:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2636:
2623:
2617:
2613:Encyclopedia
2612:
2608:
2606:
2563:Encyclopedia
2562:
2560:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2518:F. T. Kugler
2496:
2495:
2491:
2479:
2463:
2452:
2437:Sittlichkeit
2436:
2407:
2405:
2389:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2345:Encyclopedia
2344:
2338:
2334:Encyclopedia
2332:
2330:
2328:of history.
2325:
2322:
2303:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2255:
2251:Know thyself
2250:
2243:Encyclopedia
2242:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2207:John Collier
2202:
2192:
2186:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2124:
2119:
2111:
2108:
2101:
2093:Aristotelian
2088:
2082:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2004:
1992:
1986:
1978:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1966:immediately
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1909:
1901:
1891:Philosopher
1890:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1845:Encyclopedia
1844:
1841:Encyclopedia
1840:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1818:Aristotelian
1809:
1805:
1801:
1800:grasped in
1797:
1795:
1784:
1778:Encyclopedia
1777:
1775:
1768:
1753:
1749:Encyclopedia
1748:
1718:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1507:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1432:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1391:
1366:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1348:H. S. Harris
1343:
1338:
1337:
1326:
1297:
1286:
1275:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1198:H. S. Harris
1195:
1153:
1119:
1095:Encyclopedia
1094:
1092:
1051:
1042:
1028:
1014:
1010:
1005:
997:
973:
971:
945:
941:
937:
924:
918:
913:
902:
896:
890:
869:
845:
841:
836:
824:
817:Privatdozent
815:
805:
785:Career years
766:
758:
756:
735:
706:
688:
671:
612:
579:
576:Encyclopedia
575:
563:
560:know thyself
553:
548:
542:
512:
505:
498:teleological
491:
485:
463:
435:epistemology
431:metaphysical
410:
409:
332:J. F. LeBret
323: (1801)
319:
284:Institutions
177:
170:
163:
156:
149:Notable work
99:(1831-11-14)
36:
22143:1831 deaths
22138:1770 births
21974:Paternalism
21969:Natural law
21831:(c. 355 BC)
21678:Montesquieu
21470:Legal norms
21136:(1835â1840)
21016:(c. 350 BC)
21006:(c. 375 BC)
20623:Tocqueville
20588:Saint-Simon
20553:Montesquieu
20404:Bolingbroke
20336:Machiavelli
20216:Ibn Khaldun
20181:Alpharabius
20174:Middle Ages
19999:Natural law
19974:Common good
19899:Nationalism
19859:Imperialism
19829:Corporatism
19804:Colonialism
19784:Agrarianism
19763:Technocracy
19743:Meritocracy
19723:Bureaucracy
19713:Aristocracy
19428:Historicism
19257:(1835â1840)
19223:De Officiis
18947:de Beauvoir
18917:Baudrillard
18869:Vivekananda
18859:Tocqueville
18774:Kierkegaard
18590:Ibn Khaldun
18560:Alpharabius
18451:Personalism
18360:Stewardship
18317:Reification
18312:Natural law
18233:Familialism
18199:Culturalism
17882:(c. 335 BC)
17872:(c. 390 BC)
17851:Work of art
17804:Picturesque
17660:Avant-garde
17617:Winckelmann
17492:Kierkegaard
17417:Collingwood
17387:Baudrillard
17314:Romanticism
17284:Historicism
17218:Mathematics
16890:(c. 322 BC)
16756:Kierkegaard
16575:Stewardship
16352:Rousseauian
16269:Rationalism
16181:Cognitivism
16128:Programming
16103:Meat eating
16076:Engineering
15738:Antony Flew
15723:Peter Geach
15656:René Guénon
15603:Lev Shestov
15598:Rudolf Otto
15305:of religion
15144:Panentheism
15077:Inclusivism
14996:Exclusivism
14991:Esotericism
14961:Creationism
14941:Agnosticism
14909:Poor design
14904:Omnipotence
14831:Natural law
14806:Ontological
14759:Contingency
14609:Holy Spirit
14208:Metaphysics
14192:(c. 200 BC)
14182:(c. 350 BC)
14172:(c. 350 BC)
14059:Collingwood
13964:Malebranche
13712:Information
13640:Anima mundi
13619:Type theory
13574:Physicalism
13539:Materialism
13494:Determinism
13465:Metaphysics
13096:MichaĆowski
12928:Wackenroder
12893:F. Schlegel
12888:A. Schlegel
12664:Tchaikovsky
12553:Bortkiewicz
12425:R. Schumann
12420:C. Schumann
12385:Kalkbrenner
12354:Saint-Saëns
11659:Anne Brontë
11544:Eichendorff
11529:B. v. Arnim
11524:A. v. Arnim
11334:Weltschmerz
11293:Medievalism
11242:Blue flower
11170:Nationalist
11115:Bohemianism
11027:Romanticism
10952:Film theory
10862:Ontopoetics
10767:Death drive
10743:Ideological
10662:Romanticism
10593:Hegelianism
10367:Kierkegaard
10227:Castoriadis
10187:de Beauvoir
10172:Baudrillard
9936:(in German)
8771:The Letters
8679:Beiser 2008
8528:Butler 1987
8464:Bohman 2021
8416:Löwith 1964
8260:Hegel 2010b
8248:Beiser 2005
8224:Pippin 2019
8212:Beiser 2005
8176:Inwood 1992
8164:Hegel 2010b
8152:Inwood 1992
8140:Inwood 1992
8128:Inwood 1992
8116:Inwood 1992
8101:Hegel 1991b
8029:Inwood 1992
8005:Hegel 1991b
7993:Beiser 2005
7969:Hegel 1991b
7884:Hegel 1991a
7872:Hegel 1975b
7764:Beiser 2011
7716:Beiser 2008
7704:Beiser 2005
7692:Hegel 1991a
7668:Beiser 2005
7596:Harris 1997
7572:Harris 1993
7560:Kroner 1971
7548:Kroner 1971
7476:Hegel 1975a
7452:Beiser 2005
7440:Rutter 2010
7416:Hegel 1975a
7404:Moland 1993
7392:Hegel 1975a
7380:Bubner 2007
7365:Beiser 2005
7329:Inwood 1992
7293:Beiser 2005
7281:Beiser 2005
7257:Beiser 2005
7245:Beiser 2005
7233:Beiser 2005
7221:Hegel 1991a
7161:Hegel 2010c
7137:Hegel 2010b
7125:Beiser 2008
7113:Inwood 1992
7038:Beiser 2005
6990:Hegel 1991a
6906:Carter 2022
6894:Inwood 1992
6882:Hegel 2010b
6870:Hegel 1991b
6858:Beiser 2005
6834:Inwood 2018
6822:Inwood 1992
6810:Inwood 1992
6749:Beiser 2005
6737:Beiser 2005
6677:Beiser 2005
6665:Inwood 1992
6617:Hegel 1991a
6605:Hegel 1991a
6545:Hegel 2010b
6533:Hegel 2010a
6509:Inwood 1992
6497:Inwood 1992
6473:Hegel 2010b
6461:Inwood 1992
6437:Hegel 1991b
6338:Beiser 2008
6326:Beiser 2005
6314:Beiser 2005
6290:Beiser 2005
6194:Hegel 1991b
6169:, §§574-77.
6167:Hegel 2010a
6140:Beiser 2005
6116:Beiser 2005
6104:Beiser 2005
6092:Harris 1995
6044:Harris 1995
5981:Beiser 2005
5966:Beiser 2005
5954:Hegel 1991b
5894:Inwood 2018
5858:Taylor 1975
5846:Inwood 1992
5822:Harris 1997
5798:Inwood 1992
5786:Harris 1997
5774:Harris 1997
5738:Harris 1997
5726:Pippin 1993
5666:Harris 1993
5654:Dickey 1989
5618:Hegel 2010b
5606:Harris 1993
5594:Beiser 2005
5582:Beiser 2005
5570:Beiser 2005
5558:Harris 1993
5534:Harris 1993
5522:Harris 1993
5365:Beiser 2005
5353:Beiser 2005
5341:Beiser 2005
5189:Hegel 1984c
5040:Beiser 2005
4992:Beiser 2005
4980:Beiser 2005
4956:Harris 1997
4944:Beiser 2005
4889:Beiser 2005
4834:Knox, T. M.
4776:(in German)
4600:Spekulation
4561:Hegel 2010b
4555:Hegel 1991b
4470:geoffenbart
4442:geoffenbart
4422:Harris 1997
4418:Harris 1995
4401:Harris 1997
4275:Beiser 2005
4229:simplicitur
4109:Hegel 1991b
4051:Metaphysics
3987:, ch. 7 or
3981:Harris 1995
3958:), so that
3923:Harris 1997
3919:Harris 1995
3755:Pronounced
3330:interpreted
3255:(1818â1883)
3220:G. E. Moore
3212:Kierkegaard
3058:das Ideelle
2874:historicism
2831:sola gratia
2746:represented
2723:philosophes
2712:Augustinian
2620:H. G. Hotho
2546:Vorstellung
2497:(See also:
2487:bourgeoisie
2459:aristocracy
2392:natural law
2362:The German
2295:hylomorphic
2213:The German
2169: [
2095:concept of
2016:contingency
1917:life itself
1866:metaphysics
1751:(1st ed.).
1741:Neoplatonic
1522:Forerunners
1516:Hegelianism
1282:Jakob Böhme
1254:Entfremdung
1167: [
1078:, Leipzig,
990: [
978: [
950: [
635: [
531:dialectical
362:Metaphysics
335: [
305:(1818â1831)
299:(1816â1818)
293:(1801â1806)
227: [
140:(PhD, 1801)
22288:Pantheists
22127:Categories
22081:Law portal
21708:PetraĆŒycki
21698:Pashukanis
21693:Olivecrona
21628:HÀgerström
21543:Blackstone
21344:Separatism
21152:On Liberty
21052:The Prince
20781:Huntington
20284:Campanella
20211:al-Ghazali
20160:Thucydides
20118:Lactantius
20063:Statolatry
19889:Monarchism
19869:Liberalism
19794:Capitalism
19777:Ideologies
19758:Plutocracy
19706:Government
19662:Revolution
19647:Propaganda
19597:Legitimacy
19572:Government
19433:Humanities
19393:Agnotology
19052:KoĆakowski
18615:Ibn Tufayl
18595:Maimonides
18539:Thucydides
18534:Tertullian
18489:Lactantius
18384:Volksgeist
18365:Traditions
18179:Convention
17821:Recreation
17799:Perception
17692:Creativity
17392:Baumgarten
17382:Baudelaire
17264:Classicism
17179:Aesthetics
16786:Bonhoeffer
16495:Immorality
16438:Eudaimonia
16398:Conscience
16393:Compassion
16279:Skepticism
16274:Relativism
16191:Naturalism
16171:Absolutism
16143:Technology
15993:Deontology
15708:J L Mackie
15666:Karl Barth
15463:David Hume
15385:Maimonides
15370:Heraclitus
15159:Polytheism
15129:Nondualism
15117:Humanistic
15102:Naturalism
15092:Monotheism
15050:Henotheism
15045:Gnosticism
14976:Demonology
14859:747 gambit
14776:Experience
14614:Misotheism
14268:Monadology
14202:(c. 80 BC)
13909:Parmenides
13794:Perception
13692:Experience
13579:Relativism
13554:Naturalism
13504:Enactivism
12971:Chassériau
12946:Aivazovsky
12654:Rubinstein
12639:Mussorgsky
12588:Wieniawski
12573:Paderewski
12415:Moszkowski
12198:Vörösmarty
12188:Shevchenko
12042:Longfellow
11966:Batyushkov
11961:Baratynsky
11930:Espronceda
11797:Mickiewicz
11792:Malczewski
11759:Wordsworth
11744:M. Shelley
11699:de Quincey
11564:GĂŒnderrode
11448:Baudelaire
11328:Wanderlust
11165:Lake Poets
10907:Wertkritik
10812:Hauntology
10777:Difference
10772:Différance
10512:Sloterdijk
10382:KoĆakowski
10064:at the SEP
10056:at the IEP
10048:at the SEP
10040:at the SEP
10032:at the IEP
9605:Grundrisse
9332:. Hackett.
9323:. Hackett.
9226:(1): 3â31.
9205:(2): 131.
9117:(3): 3â31.
8697:See also:
8607:Dewey 1981
8556:Baugh 2003
8542:, p.
8540:Baugh 2003
8514:, p.
8512:Baugh 2003
8500:Baugh 2003
8488:Baugh 2003
8476:Stahl 2021
8284:Stern 2008
8272:Stern 2008
8200:Stern 2008
8077:Stern 2002
8065:Hegel 2018
8007:, §§80â82.
7945:Stern 2002
7536:Wicks 2020
7524:Hegel 1971
7500:Wicks 1993
7488:Wicks 1993
7428:Croce 1915
7065:Magee 2011
6942:Magee 2011
6785:Stone 2005
6713:Magee 2011
6653:Hegel 1995
6593:Magee 2011
6581:Hegel 1995
6401:Magee 2011
6302:Magee 2011
6206:Wolff 2013
6179:Hegel 2018
6056:Stern 2002
5942:Stern 2002
5930:Hegel 2018
5918:Hegel 2018
5870:Hegel 2018
5834:Hegel 2018
5810:Hegel 2018
5702:Stern 2002
5630:Magee 2001
5474:Heine 1834
5426:Hegel 1996
5399:8 December
4875:, p.
4780:18 October
4650:does not.
4551:dialectica
4540:, ch. 2â3.
4474:offenbaren
4358:T. M. Knox
4300:distinct,
3891:instrument
3878:Oeconomica
3856:Der Knecht
3852:der Sklave
3837:, ch. 2â3.
3781:; German:
3521:See also:
3502:Pittsburgh
3475:John Dewey
3269:Protestant
3242:See also:
3228:Karl Barth
3082:naturalism
3051:das Moment
2987:verstÀndig
2968:spekulativ
2896:Geschichte
2858:St. Anselm
2542:Anschauung
2445:, and the
2343:(like the
2205:(1891) by
2112:scientific
1933:idealistic
1910:immanently
1873:Leibnizian
1852:categories
1760:nominalist
1578:Principal
1492:See also:
1289:Adam Smith
1250:Entzweiung
1181:Influences
1111:aesthetics
1039:Heidelberg
1009:work, the
929:Revolution
759:Hofmeister
657:, such as
539:skepticism
457:, and the
433:issues in
297:Heidelberg
132:licentiate
70:1770-08-27
21841:(c. 1270)
21723:Pufendorf
21658:Llewellyn
21518:Aristotle
21062:Leviathan
21042:Monarchia
21036:(c. 1274)
20871:Oakeshott
20816:Mansfield
20811:Luxemburg
20796:Kropotkin
20691:Bernstein
20644:centuries
20558:Nietzsche
20501:Jefferson
20429:Condorcet
20377:centuries
20356:Pufendorf
20221:Marsilius
20108:Confucius
20093:Aristotle
20086:Antiquity
20014:Noble lie
19934:Third Way
19929:Socialism
19854:Feudalism
19809:Communism
19789:Anarchism
19768:Theocracy
19753:Oligarchy
19733:Democracy
19718:Autocracy
19632:Pluralism
19617:Obedience
19582:Hierarchy
19542:Authority
19473:Sociology
19423:Historism
19132:Santayana
19102:Oakeshott
19072:MacIntyre
19057:Kropotkin
19032:Heidegger
18885:centuries
18799:Nietzsche
18764:Jefferson
18749:Helvétius
18714:Condorcet
18677:centuries
18661:Montaigne
18484:Confucius
18474:Augustine
18391:Worldview
18285:Modernity
18258:Formation
17826:Reverence
17732:Eroticism
17702:Depiction
17675:Masculine
17577:Santayana
17537:Nietzsche
17482:Hutcheson
17472:Heidegger
17457:Greenberg
17412:Coleridge
17377:Balthasar
17362:Aristotle
17324:Theosophy
17319:Symbolism
17294:Modernism
17279:Formalism
17047:Casuistry
16959:Either/Or
16866:Korsgaard
16861:Azurmendi
16826:MacIntyre
16766:Nietzsche
16696:Augustine
16691:Confucius
16671:Aristotle
16647:Ethicists
16605:Intrinsic
16570:Suffering
16480:Happiness
16453:Free will
16433:Etiquette
16378:Authority
16322:Epicurean
16317:Confucian
16312:Christian
16247:Emotivism
16071:Discourse
16008:Pragmatic
15980:Normative
15808:Loyal Rue
15533:Karl Marx
15355:Gaudapada
15184:Shamanism
15149:Pantheism
15134:Nontheism
15112:Religious
15097:Mysticism
15070:Christian
15060:Religious
15011:Atheistic
15006:Christian
14889:Nonbelief
14874:Free will
14690:Mormonism
14514:Afterlife
14428:Teleology
14393:Mereology
14373:Cosmology
14232:(c. 1000)
14129:Plantinga
14119:Armstrong
14069:Heidegger
14044:Whitehead
14029:Nietzsche
13949:Descartes
13919:Aristotle
13874:Universal
13804:Principle
13774:Necessity
13734:Intention
13687:Existence
13650:Causality
13589:Solipsism
13519:Free will
13411:Modernism
13071:Kiprensky
13031:GĂ©ricault
13016:Friedrich
13006:Delacroix
12981:Constable
12961:Bonington
12951:Bierstadt
12903:Senancour
12878:Schelling
12833:Lamennais
12828:Khomyakov
12793:Coleridge
12788:Chaadayev
12695:StankoviÄ
12690:Mokranjac
12609:Balakirev
12568:Moniuszko
12517:Donizetti
12512:Cherubini
12410:Meyerbeer
12395:Marschner
12370:Beethoven
12283:Moscheles
12217:Musicians
12203:Wergeland
12168:Orbeliani
12123:Grundtvig
12027:Hawthorne
11996:Zhukovsky
11991:Vyazemsky
11976:Lermontov
11935:Gutiérrez
11894:RadiÄeviÄ
11858:Herculano
11782:KrasiĆski
11724:Radcliffe
11694:Coleridge
11669:E. Brontë
11664:C. Brontë
11594:Jean Paul
11589:Hölderlin
11478:Lamartine
11415:MagalhĂŁes
11405:GuimarĂŁes
11313:Pantheism
11303:Nostalgia
11155:Indianism
11103:Movements
11034:Countries
10942:Semiotics
10937:Semantics
10922:Discourse
10802:Genealogy
10792:Facticity
10563:Absurdism
10492:Schelling
10462:Nietzsche
10337:Heidegger
10152:Bachelard
10137:Althusser
9927:Societies
9902:"Hegel".
9381:211921540
9296:. Polity.
8879:Secondary
8440:Marx 1978
8308:Wood 1990
7608:Kant 1998
7269:Wood 1991
7185:Wood 1991
7163:, §§1â10.
7101:Wood 1991
7077:Wood 1991
7002:Wood 1991
6629:Wood 1991
5872:, ¶26â27.
5450:Siep 2021
5414:Siep 2021
4707:Citations
4693:Knowledge
4648:Aufhebung
4640:Aufhebung
4565:Dialeklik
4504:knowledge
4217:alone, a
3960:Erfahrung
3956:er-fahren
3948:Erfahrung
3944:Erfahrung
3936:Erfahrung
3644:1812â13:
3391:Jean Wahl
3308:Feuerbach
3253:Karl Marx
3161:Reception
3025:sublation
2972:Dialektik
2952:apartheid
2690:dogmatism
2618:Although
2533:intuition
2526:absolutus
2483:bicameral
2291:Aristotle
2097:actuality
1743:triad of
1570:Schelling
1565:Hölderlin
1530:Aristotle
1308:Schelling
1222:Aristotle
1190:Aristotle
1141:Kreuzberg
1002:Nuremberg
998:gymnasium
898:Weltseele
774:Frankfurt
745:The poet
672:Gymnasium
615:Stuttgart
607:Stuttgart
535:immanence
527:Aristotle
466:Stuttgart
395:Signature
117:Education
78:Stuttgart
22071:Category
21993:Concepts
21959:Legalism
21911:Theories
21798:Voegelin
21768:Scaevola
21728:Radbruch
21703:Perelman
21688:Nussbaum
21633:Jellinek
21598:Habermas
21593:Gurvitch
21563:Durkheim
21533:Beccaria
21317:Centrism
21012:Politics
21002:Republic
20971:Voegelin
20951:Spengler
20936:Shariati
20911:Rothbard
20866:Nussbaum
20766:Habermas
20741:Fukuyama
20731:Foucault
20656:Ambedkar
20633:Voltaire
20603:de Staël
20578:Rousseau
20459:Franklin
20434:Constant
20394:Beccaria
20226:Muhammad
20206:Gelasius
20191:Averroes
20165:Xenophon
20145:Polybius
20098:Chanakya
19943:Concepts
19909:Populism
19879:Localism
19864:Islamism
19849:Feminism
19748:Monarchy
19652:Property
19642:Progress
19607:Monopoly
19577:Hegemony
19486:Category
19398:Axiology
19386:See also
19177:Voegelin
19167:Spengler
19142:Shariati
19097:Nussbaum
19082:Maritain
19042:Irigaray
19022:Habermas
18987:Foucault
18972:Durkheim
18874:Voltaire
18839:de Staël
18814:Rousseau
18739:Franklin
18600:Muhammad
18585:Gelasius
18570:Avempace
18553:Medieval
18529:Polybius
18524:Plutarch
18290:Morality
18265:Ideology
18253:Identity
18162:Concepts
18101:Category
18033:Axiology
17902:(c. 500)
17892:(c. 100)
17767:Judgment
17722:Emotions
17717:Elegance
17697:Cuteness
17670:Feminine
17633:Concepts
17602:Tanizaki
17582:Schiller
17567:Richards
17557:RanciĂšre
17527:Maritain
17462:Hanslick
17402:Benjamin
17274:Feminism
17243:Theology
17223:Medieval
17213:Japanese
17208:Internet
17137:Category
17077:Ideology
17042:Axiology
16871:Nussbaum
16821:Frankena
16816:Anscombe
16806:Williams
16761:Sidgwick
16681:Valluvar
16676:Diogenes
16661:Socrates
16585:Theodicy
16580:Sympathy
16545:Pacifism
16535:Morality
16448:Fidelity
16428:Equality
16383:Autonomy
16371:Concepts
16332:Feminist
16307:Buddhist
16237:Nihilism
16176:Axiology
16133:Research
16066:Computer
16061:Business
15930:Category
15875:Religion
15865:Exegesis
15350:Boethius
15345:Averroes
15340:Avicenna
15322:medieval
15292:Theodicy
15139:Pandeism
15055:Humanism
15023:Thealogy
14966:Dharmism
14936:Acosmism
14928:Theology
14796:Morality
14791:Miracles
14670:Hinduism
14660:Buddhism
14619:Pandeism
14594:Demiurge
14562:Theodicy
14446:Category
14368:Axiology
14222:(c.â270)
14150:more ...
14104:Anscombe
14099:Strawson
14094:Davidson
13989:Berkeley
13929:Plotinus
13890:more ...
13829:Relation
13809:Property
13784:Ontology
13707:Identity
13628:Concepts
13559:Nihilism
13524:Idealism
13472:Theories
13423:Category
13239:Dahlhaus
13224:Blanning
13191:Scholars
13161:Tropinin
13156:Tidemand
13146:Stattler
13141:Scheffer
13041:GĆowacki
13011:Edelfelt
12966:Bryullov
12908:Snellman
12883:Schiller
12873:Rousseau
12853:Michelet
12798:Constant
12768:Belinsky
12741:Sibelius
12685:KonjoviÄ
12659:Scriabin
12629:Lyapunov
12563:LipiĆski
12532:Spontini
12522:Paganini
12466:Goldmark
12257:Thalberg
12252:Schubert
12232:Bruckner
12193:Topelius
12183:Runeberg
12173:PreĆĄeren
12143:Leopardi
12108:Frashëri
12098:Eminescu
12078:Andersen
11986:Tyutchev
11971:Karamzin
11945:Zorrilla
11940:Saavedra
11838:Castilho
11826:Portugal
11817:SĆowacki
11719:Polidori
11649:Barbauld
11584:Hoffmann
11539:Brentano
11453:Bertrand
11274:Romantic
11110:Ancients
11084:Scotland
10980:Category
10822:Ideology
10738:Immanent
10733:Critique
10688:Alterity
10681:Concepts
10556:Theories
10542:Williams
10517:Spengler
10472:RanciĂšre
10402:Lefebvre
10387:Kristeva
10352:Irigaray
10347:Ingarden
10327:Habermas
10317:Guattari
10302:Foucault
10277:Eagleton
10222:Cassirer
10202:Bourdieu
10197:Blanchot
10182:Benjamin
10167:Bataille
9971:LibriVox
9161:(1995).
8358:, ch. 2.
7538:, ch. 3.
7223:, §286R.
7139:, §502R.
4604:sublates
4596:Vernunft
4592:Verstand
4521:Lectures
4466:offenbar
4446:has been
4438:offenbar
4430:offenbar
4343:See the
4262:bei sich
4196:, ch. 4.
4159:verified
4038:Plotinus
3874:Politics
3277:Napoleon
3224:Foucault
3154:immanent
3074:Berkeley
3032:aufheben
2976:Verstand
2942:and its
2925:is valid
2892:Historie
2850:theistic
2787:Lectures
2781:Hegel's
2657:autonomy
2650:Lectures
2550:Begriffe
2425:a priori
2354:Hegel's
2227:energeia
2155:there is
2150:immanent
2146:internal
1972:becoming
1877:Wolffian
1802:thoughts
1545:Rousseau
1409:object,
1379:holistic
1314:and the
1278:hermetic
1206:Rousseau
1164:Immanuel
1137:epidemic
1113:and the
1107:religion
1072:Brussels
1031:Erlangen
850:WĂŒrzburg
724:Girondin
544:a priori
515:dualisms
480:and the
474:Romantic
472:and the
439:ontology
224:Immanuel
215:Children
130:, 1790;
18:Hegelian
22106:changes
22019:Justice
21773:Schmitt
21763:Savigny
21743:Reinach
21668:Maistre
21663:Luhmann
21638:Jhering
21588:Grotius
21573:Ehrlich
21568:Dworkin
21558:Cardozo
21538:Bentham
21528:Bastiat
21513:Aquinas
21354:Statism
21267:Elitism
21225:Related
21026:(51 BC)
20956:Strauss
20931:Scruton
20926:Schmitt
20916:Russell
20836:Michels
20831:Maurras
20826:Marcuse
20786:Kautsky
20756:Gramsci
20751:Gentile
20721:Dworkin
20711:Du Bois
20706:Dmowski
20701:Chomsky
20696:Burnham
20681:Benoist
20651:Agamben
20618:Thoreau
20608:Stirner
20598:Spencer
20543:Mazzini
20533:Maistre
20528:Madison
20523:Le Play
20454:Fourier
20419:Carlyle
20399:Bentham
20389:Bastiat
20384:Bakunin
20361:Spinoza
20351:MĂŒntzer
20321:Leibniz
20294:Grotius
20274:Bossuet
20241:Plethon
20186:Aquinas
20155:Sun Tzu
20123:Mencius
20113:Han Fei
19884:Marxism
19844:Fascism
19677:Society
19602:Liberty
19587:Justice
19567:Freedom
19227:(44 BC)
19157:Sombart
19152:Skinner
19137:Scruton
19117:Polanyi
19092:Niebuhr
19077:Marcuse
19012:Gramsci
19007:Gentile
18967:Du Bois
18957:Deleuze
18927:Benoist
18897:Agamben
18854:Thoreau
18844:Stirner
18834:Spencer
18784:Le Play
18734:Fourier
18719:Emerson
18704:Carlyle
18689:Bentham
18666:MĂŒntzer
18636:Erasmus
18610:Plethon
18605:Photios
18565:Aquinas
18499:Mencius
18467:Ancient
18400:Schools
18280:Loyalty
18238:History
18226:Counter
18221:Culture
18189:Customs
18096:Outline
18011:Related
17878:Poetics
17846:Tragedy
17836:Sublime
17809:Quality
17794:Mimesis
17752:Harmony
17737:Fashion
17712:Ecstasy
17707:Disgust
17623:more...
17592:Scruton
17517:Lyotard
17452:Goodman
17432:Deleuze
17367:Aquinas
17357:Alberti
17330:more...
17309:Realism
17289:Marxism
17269:Fascism
17252:Schools
17238:Science
17193:Ancient
17035:Related
16781:Tillich
16746:Bentham
16721:Spinoza
16716:Aquinas
16701:Mencius
16615:Western
16590:Torture
16555:Precept
16510:Loyalty
16505:Liberty
16500:Justice
16413:Dignity
16403:Consent
16347:Kantian
16337:Islamic
16300:Schools
16186:Realism
16118:Nursing
16113:Medical
16098:Machine
16038:Applied
15901:more...
15634:postwar
15317:Ancient
15205:more...
15124:New Age
15065:Secular
15035:Fideism
14986:Dualism
14956:Atheism
14946:Animism
14852:Against
14695:Sikhism
14685:Judaism
14680:Jainism
14589:Brahman
14542:Miracle
14218:Enneads
14212:(c. 50)
14178:Timaeus
14168:Sophist
14114:Dummett
14109:Deleuze
14049:Russell
14039:Bergson
14034:Meinong
14014:Bolzano
13974:Leibniz
13954:Spinoza
13939:Aquinas
13924:Proclus
13854:Thought
13844:Subject
13824:Reality
13819:Quality
13789:Pattern
13749:Meaning
13724:Insight
13682:Essence
13667:Concept
13569:Realism
13534:Liberty
13499:Dualism
13264:Lovejoy
13199:Abraham
13121:Richard
13111:Préault
13036:Girodet
12918:Thoreau
12863:Novalis
12848:Mazzini
12843:Maistre
12818:Hazlitt
12803:Emerson
12783:Carlyle
12773:Berchet
12716:Berwald
12711:Bennett
12680:HristiÄ
12634:Medtner
12614:Borodin
12604:Arensky
12527:Rossini
12502:Bellini
12481:Joachim
12454:Hungary
12435:Strauss
12363:Germany
12329:Berlioz
12298:VoĆĂĆĄek
12293:Smetana
12271:Czechia
12225:Austria
12158:Maturin
12153:Manzoni
12128:Heliade
12103:Foscolo
12073:Alfieri
12068:Abovian
12022:Emerson
11981:Pushkin
11920:BĂ©cquer
11853:Garrett
11807:Potocki
11754:Southey
11714:Maturin
11684:Carlyle
11641:Britain
11614:Novalis
11569:Gutzkow
11517:Germany
11483:Mérimée
11468:Gautier
11395:Barreto
11390:Azevedo
11370:Alencar
11350:Writers
11269:Byronic
11205:Purismo
11059:Germany
11041:Denmark
10807:Habitus
10723:Boredom
10613:Freudo-
10608:Western
10603:Marxism
10527:Strauss
10497:Schmitt
10437:Marcuse
10427:Lyotard
10417:Luhmann
10412:Levinas
10362:Jaspers
10357:Jameson
10342:Husserl
10322:Gramsci
10312:Gentile
10307:Gadamer
10267:Dilthey
10262:Derrida
10257:Deleuze
10192:Bergson
10162:Barthes
10132:Agamben
10000:at the
9643:2708045
8693:Primary
8688:Sources
8067:, ¶166.
7886:, §57A.
6884:, §377.
6872:, §382.
6535:, §574.
6439:, §161.
5956:, §10R.
5836:, ¶184.
5812:, ¶754.
4720:"Hegel"
4495:deprive
4434:process
4428:: "For
4364:(1971).
4211:concept
4138:greifen
4134:Begriff
4126:Begriff
3940:Erleben
3343:of the
3289:atheism
3216:Russell
3203:Gadamer
3195:Derrida
3078:realism
3013:concept
2944:content
2854:deistic
2742:concept
2738:Trinity
2607:In the
2280:climate
2247:Delphic
2241:." The
2239:freedom
2235:essence
2077:Minerva
2072:thought
1960:nothing
1941:Begriff
1826:Russell
1808:of the
1737:Proclus
1620:Schools
1540:Spinoza
1312:Spinoza
1210:Lessing
1156:Batavia
1134:cholera
934:Bamberg
833:Jupiter
556:Delphic
519:Kantian
209:
201:
197:
134:, 1793)
22001:Dharma
21901:(1986)
21891:(1980)
21881:(1961)
21871:(1934)
21861:(1820)
21851:(1748)
21803:Walzer
21783:SuĂĄrez
21748:Renner
21713:Posner
21683:MĂŒller
21648:Kelsen
21623:Hobbes
21603:Haller
21583:Fuller
21578:Finnis
21548:Bobbio
21523:Austin
21216:(1992)
21206:(1971)
21196:(1951)
21186:(1945)
21176:(1944)
21166:(1929)
21156:(1859)
21146:(1848)
21126:(1820)
21116:(1791)
21106:(1790)
21096:(1762)
21086:(1748)
21076:(1689)
21066:(1651)
21056:(1532)
21046:(1313)
20976:Walzer
20966:Taylor
20921:Sartre
20886:Popper
20881:Pareto
20876:Ortega
20861:Nozick
20851:Mouffe
20801:Laclau
20761:Guénon
20746:Gandhi
20686:Berlin
20676:Bauman
20671:Badiou
20661:Arendt
20628:Tucker
20518:Le Bon
20479:Herder
20469:Haller
20464:Godwin
20449:Fichte
20444:Engels
20439:Cortés
20409:Bonald
20366:SuĂĄrez
20341:Milton
20331:Luther
20304:Hobbes
20289:Filmer
20279:Calvin
20264:Boétie
20257:period
20236:Ockham
20103:Cicero
19904:Nazism
19692:Utopia
19667:Rights
19657:Regime
19627:People
19612:Nation
19418:Ethics
19377:(2010)
19367:(1991)
19357:(1990)
19347:(1987)
19337:(1987)
19327:(1979)
19317:(1976)
19307:(1967)
19297:(1964)
19287:(1949)
19277:(1935)
19267:(1930)
19247:(1756)
19237:(1486)
19182:Walzer
19172:Taylor
19162:Sowell
19147:Simmel
19112:Pareto
19107:Ortega
19017:Guénon
19002:Gehlen
18997:Gandhi
18952:Debord
18937:Butler
18932:Berlin
18922:Bauman
18912:Badiou
18902:Arendt
18892:Adorno
18824:Ruskin
18779:Le Bon
18754:Herder
18729:Fichte
18724:Engels
18694:Bonald
18684:Arnold
18656:Milton
18651:Luther
18631:Calvin
18509:Origen
18479:Cicero
18439:Social
18375:Family
18370:Values
18331:Rights
18295:Public
18243:Honour
18174:Anomie
18169:Agency
18002:(2009)
17992:(1977)
17982:(1946)
17972:(1939)
17962:(1935)
17952:(1934)
17942:(1933)
17932:(1891)
17922:(1835)
17912:(1757)
17779:Kitsch
17757:Humour
17687:Comedy
17665:Beauty
17607:Vasari
17597:Tagore
17572:Ruskin
17512:LukĂĄcs
17502:Langer
17447:Goethe
17372:BalĂĄzs
17352:Adorno
17233:Nature
17198:Africa
17026:(1984)
17018:(1981)
17010:(1979)
17002:(1971)
16994:(1903)
16986:(1887)
16978:(1874)
16970:(1861)
16962:(1843)
16954:(1820)
16946:(1788)
16938:(1785)
16930:(1780)
16922:(1759)
16914:(1740)
16906:(1726)
16898:(1677)
16856:Taylor
16841:Parfit
16836:Singer
16811:Mackie
16686:Cicero
16627:Virtue
16560:Rights
16485:Honour
16342:Jewish
16138:Sexual
16046:Animal
16028:Virtue
15972:Ethics
15920:Portal
15194:Theism
15087:Monism
14821:Reason
14771:Desire
14766:Degree
14734:Beauty
14648:God in
14604:Egoism
14557:Spirit
14352:(1981)
14342:(1943)
14332:(1927)
14322:(1846)
14312:(1818)
14302:(1807)
14292:(1783)
14282:(1781)
14272:(1714)
14262:(1710)
14252:(1677)
14248:Ethics
14242:(1641)
14144:Parfit
14134:Kripke
14124:Putnam
14084:Sartre
14074:Carnap
14024:Peirce
13969:Newton
13944:SuĂĄrez
13934:Scotus
13814:Qualia
13779:Object
13769:Nature
13764:Motion
13744:Matter
13677:Entity
13549:Monism
13289:Wellek
13269:de Man
13254:Janion
13244:Ferber
13219:Berlin
13214:Beiser
13209:Barzun
13204:Abrams
13181:Wiertz
13166:Turner
13116:RĂ©voil
13101:Palmer
13091:Martin
13086:Leutze
13061:Janmot
13021:Fuseli
12976:Church
12868:Quinet
12858:MĂŒller
12813:Goethe
12808:Fichte
12731:Franck
12673:Serbia
12624:Glinka
12597:Russia
12583:Tausig
12578:Stolpe
12558:Chopin
12546:Poland
12507:Busoni
12471:Heller
12440:Wagner
12375:Brahms
12349:Onslow
12339:Halévy
12307:France
12288:Reicha
12278:DvoĆĂĄk
12247:Mahler
12242:Hummel
12237:Czerny
12133:Isaacs
12113:Geijer
12047:Lowell
12037:Irving
12017:Cooper
12012:Bryant
11954:Russia
11889:NjegoĆĄ
11884:KostiÄ
11879:JakĆĄiÄ
11872:Serbia
11802:Norwid
11777:Fredro
11769:Poland
11739:Seward
11629:Uhland
11619:Schwab
11609:Mörike
11599:Kleist
11554:Goethe
11549:Fouqué
11498:Nodier
11493:Nerval
11488:Musset
11440:France
11430:Varela
11425:Taunay
11410:Macedo
11358:Brazil
11308:Ossian
11235:Themes
11074:Poland
11069:Norway
11051:France
10756:Dasein
10507:Serres
10487:Sartre
10477:RicĆur
10432:Marcel
10422:LukĂĄcs
10397:Latour
10372:KojĂšve
10297:Fisher
10292:Fichte
10282:Engels
10252:Debord
10247:de Man
10237:Cixous
10232:Cioran
10212:Butler
10177:Bauman
10157:Badiou
10142:Arendt
10127:Adorno
9641:
9565:
9450:
9379:
8965:
8926:
8905:
7151:, §II.
6196:, §24.
6181:, ¶20.
5932:, ¶80.
5920:, ¶78.
4750:
4617:Carnap
4588:Denken
4034:to Hen
3952:fahren
3698:1831:
3691:1831:
3684:1827:
3678:1820:
3664:1817:
3651:1816:
3608:1807:
3576:1801:
3558:JĂ€ger.
3555:1798:
3481:, and
3425:, and
3403:desire
3397:, and
3334:change
3316:Engels
3222:, and
3201:, and
3199:Adorno
3181:, and
3140:, his
3118:Fichte
3062:ideell
2996:), and
2818:Luther
2716:Church
2573:, and
2499:Legacy
1812:." As
1810:things
1798:things
1764:holist
1729:spirit
1560:Fichte
1555:Goethe
1304:Fichte
1122:Rector
1080:Vienna
1074:, the
1068:Weimar
1035:Berlin
572:spirit
570:, and
568:nature
496:, his
445:, the
314:Thesis
303:Berlin
262:School
251:Region
189:Spouse
106:Berlin
21818:Works
21808:Weber
21793:Unger
21788:Stahl
21778:Shang
21733:Rawls
21718:Pound
21653:Leoni
21618:Hegel
21508:Alexy
21432:Index
21365:Index
20994:Works
20981:Weber
20946:Spann
20941:Sorel
20906:Röpke
20901:Rawls
20856:Negri
20846:Mosca
20841:Mises
20806:Lenin
20776:Hoppe
20771:Hayek
20736:Fromm
20726:Evola
20716:Dugin
20613:Taine
20593:Smith
20573:Renan
20568:Paine
20489:Iqbal
20474:Hegel
20424:Comte
20414:Burke
20326:Locke
20316:James
20269:Bodin
20201:Dante
20196:Bruni
20150:Shang
20133:Plato
19687:State
19637:Power
19622:Peace
19557:Elite
19535:Terms
19215:Works
19202:ĆœiĆŸek
19187:Weber
19127:Röpke
19087:Negri
19067:Lasch
19037:Hoppe
18992:Fromm
18982:Evola
18962:Dewey
18942:Camus
18849:Taine
18829:Smith
18819:Royce
18809:Renan
18744:Hegel
18709:Comte
18699:Burke
18646:Locke
18580:Dante
18575:Bruni
18544:Xunzi
18519:Plato
18514:Philo
18494:Laozi
18302:Mores
18214:Multi
18204:Inter
18091:Index
17860:Works
17841:Taste
17831:Style
17612:Wilde
17552:Plato
17547:Pater
17507:Lipps
17467:Hegel
17437:Dewey
17427:Danto
17407:Burke
17228:Music
17203:India
17186:Areas
17118:Index
16880:Works
16851:Adams
16846:Nagel
16801:Dewey
16796:Rawls
16776:Barth
16771:Moore
16736:Hegel
16711:Xunzi
16666:Plato
16656:Laozi
16637:Wrong
16610:Japan
16600:Value
16595:Trust
16490:Ideal
16357:Stoic
16108:Media
16093:Legal
15189:Taoic
14971:Deism
14754:Kalam
14705:Wicca
14675:Islam
14524:Faith
14398:Meta-
14139:Lewis
14089:Quine
14054:Moore
14019:Lotze
14004:Hegel
13979:Wolff
13959:Locke
13914:Plato
13884:Value
13864:Truth
13375:Bacon
13284:Rosen
13279:Ricks
13274:Nancy
13234:Blume
13229:Bloom
13151:Stroy
13136:Saleh
13131:Runge
13081:Lampi
13066:Jones
13056:Hayez
12991:Corot
12956:Blake
12923:Tieck
12913:Staël
12838:Larra
12823:Hegel
12778:Burke
12736:Grieg
12726:Field
12721:Elgar
12704:Other
12537:Verdi
12495:Italy
12486:Liszt
12476:Hubay
12461:Erkel
12445:Weber
12430:Spohr
12390:Loewe
12380:Bruch
12344:MĂ©hul
12334:Fauré
12324:Auber
12319:Alkan
12178:Raffi
12148:MĂĄcha
12138:Lenau
12088:Botev
12061:Other
11913:Spain
11848:Dinis
11734:Scott
11709:Keats
11689:Clare
11679:Byron
11674:Burns
11654:Blake
11639:Great
11624:Tieck
11579:Heine
11574:Hauff
11508:Vigny
11503:Staël
11463:Dumas
11385:Assis
11380:Alves
11365:Abreu
11318:Rhine
11221:Ultra
11064:Japan
10985:Index
10892:Trace
10872:Power
10867:Other
10857:Ontic
10698:Angst
10547:ĆœiĆŸek
10532:Weber
10522:Stein
10457:Negri
10452:Nancy
10392:Lacan
10377:Koyré
10332:Hegel
10287:Fanon
10242:Croce
10217:Camus
10207:Buber
9913:Duden
9814:Hegel
9639:JSTOR
9377:S2CID
9294:Hegel
8939:Hegel
6992:, §4.
4773:Duden
4584:Plato
4508:faith
4440:from
4181:Geist
4172:Geist
4113:Logic
3887:agent
3805:Ceres
3738:Notes
3336:it."
3191:Dewey
3142:Logic
2940:scope
2878:telos
2848:from
2754:known
2750:truth
2447:state
2374:droit
2365:Recht
2326:telos
2219:Geist
2215:Geist
2173:]
2012:Logic
1997:Plato
1993:eidos
1979:Logic
1952:Logic
1929:Logic
1924:Logic
1902:Logic
1862:logic
1833:Logic
1822:Frege
1721:logic
1580:works
1535:Böhme
1266:agape
1218:Plato
1171:]
994:]
982:]
954:]
763:Berne
707:Stift
639:]
580:Logic
549:Logic
441:, to
339:]
231:]
203:(
199:
21827:Laws
21758:Rumi
21753:Ross
21673:Marx
21643:Kant
21613:Hart
21553:Bork
20896:Rand
20891:Qutb
20791:Kirk
20666:Aron
20583:Sade
20563:Owen
20548:Mill
20538:Marx
20506:Kant
20484:Hume
20346:More
20246:Wang
20128:Mozi
19552:Duty
19197:Zinn
19192:Weil
19062:Land
19047:Kirk
18907:Aron
18864:Vico
18804:Owen
18794:Mill
18789:Marx
18769:Kant
18759:Hume
18504:Mozi
18209:Mono
17815:Rasa
17773:Kama
17747:Gaze
17682:Camp
17562:Rand
17497:Klee
17487:Kant
17477:Hume
17397:Bell
16831:Hare
16791:Foot
16751:Mill
16731:Kant
16726:Hume
16706:Mozi
16622:Vice
16540:Norm
16468:Evil
16463:Good
16423:Duty
16163:Meta
16086:Land
16013:Role
15998:Care
15751:2010
15749:1990
15747:1970
15632:1920
15554:1900
15552:1880
15489:1850
15487:1800
14879:Hell
14869:Evil
14786:Love
14552:Soul
14079:Ryle
13999:Kant
13994:Hume
13984:Reid
13859:Time
13839:Soul
13834:Self
13759:Mind
13717:Data
13702:Idea
13249:Frye
13176:Ward
13171:Veit
13126:Rude
13076:Koch
13051:Gude
13046:Goya
12996:Dahl
12986:Cole
12314:Adam
12262:Wolf
12005:U.S.
11904:Zmaj
11534:Beer
11473:Hugo
11420:Reis
11400:Dias
11264:Hero
11199:Post
11160:Jena
11130:Dark
10797:Gaze
10537:Weil
10482:Said
10442:Marx
10147:Aron
9731:2022
9563:ISBN
9448:ISBN
8963:ISBN
8924:ISBN
8903:ISBN
6808:See
5401:2022
4848:2022
4782:2018
4748:ISBN
4621:Ryle
4619:and
4580:Kant
4476:and
4420:and
3496:and
3312:Marx
3230:and
3187:Marx
3072:and
2934:and
2913:some
2894:and
2834:and
2630:and
2552:)."
2125:The
2104:form
2010:The
2005:Idee
2001:form
1983:Kant
1964:each
1906:Kant
1882:form
1824:and
1550:Kant
1413:and
1411:here
1407:this
1358:and
1306:and
1261:love
1256:)."
1231:The
1214:Kant
1208:and
1160:Karl
1037:and
831:and
829:Mars
808:Jena
661:and
587:Life
437:and
421:and
291:Jena
222:and
220:Karl
93:Died
64:Born
21738:Raz
21608:Han
20961:Sun
20821:Mao
19697:War
19592:Law
19027:Han
18977:Eco
17742:Fun
17522:Man
17442:Fry
16632:Vow
16362:Tao
16056:Bio
15319:and
14727:For
14528:or
12746:Sor
12619:Cui
12052:Poe
11185:Pre
11180:Neo
10272:Eco
10009:at
9969:at
9631:doi
9369:doi
9207:doi
4790:gel
4663:'s
4644:OED
4480:."
4426:LPR
4251:As
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