1484:
1313:
1341:
1213:
2047:. How a firm chooses to cost major and minor repairs vary from firm to firm depending on the costing strategies being used. Some firms will charge only major repairs to the equipment while minor repairs are costed to a project. Another common costing strategy is to cost all repairs to the equipment and only frequently replaced wear items are excluded from the equipment cost. Many firms keep their costing structure closely guarded as it can impact the bidding strategies of their competition. In a company with multiple semi-independent divisions, the equipment department often wants to classify all repairs as "minor" and charge the work to a job – therefore improving their 'profit' from the equipment.
1286:
265:
1150:
1372:
1393:
1301:
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2192:
1464:
177:
2316:
1245:
1264:
1420:
1181:
1353:
233:
245:
3979:
3832:
2409:
1690:
3878:
3791:
2223:
2130:
1325:
3779:
3890:
3941:
3866:
3767:
1233:
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1449:
3914:
3967:
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1197:
3991:
3902:
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3598:
4015:
3931:
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257:
4003:
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1682:
45:
375:
to place solid building materials, but these labor-saving devices did not lend themselves to earthmoving, which required digging, raising, moving, and placing loose materials. The two elements required for mechanized earthmoving, then as now, were an independent power source and off-road mobility,
1705:
applicable to more severe service requirements, tires are used where greater speed or mobility is required. An understanding of what equipment will be used for during the life of the tires is required for proper selection. Tire selection can have a significant impact on production and unit cost.
1212:
1149:
1312:
1742:
mining and logging. Within these service categories are various tread types designed for use on hard-packed surface, soft surface and rock. Tires are a large expense on any construction project, careful consideration should be given to prevent excessive wear or damage.
393:
Most of the major equipment manufacturers such as
Caterpillar, Volvo, Liebherr, and Bobcat have released or have been developing fully or partially electric-powered heavy equipment. Commercially-available models and R&D models were announced in 2019 and 2020.
1846:
can be calculated several ways, the simplest is the straight-line method. The annual depreciation is constant, reducing the equipment value annually. The following are simple equations paraphrased from the
Peurifoy & Schexnayder text:
1483:
1788:
Due to the small profit margins on construction projects it is important to maintain accurate records concerning equipment utilization, repairs and maintenance. The two main categories of equipment costs are ownership cost and
1392:
154:). However, plant originally meant "structure" or "establishment" – usually in the sense of factory or warehouse premises; as such, it was used in contradistinction to movable machinery, e.g. often in the phrase "plant
138:
between input force applied and force exerted is multiplied, making tasks which could take hundreds of people and weeks of labor without heavy equipment far less intensive in nature. Some equipment uses
359:—moved with animal and human powered, sleds, barges, and wagons. This tool was the principal method by which material was either sidecast or elevated to load a conveyance, usually a
1244:
1419:
1340:
390:
Nowadays such is the importance of this machinery, some transport companies have developed specific equipment to transport heavy construction equipment to and from sites.
3782:
1352:
367:. In antiquity, an equivalent of the hand shovel or hoe and head basket—and masses of men—were used to move earth to build civil works. Builders have long used the
3893:
3869:
3917:
3703:
1463:
397:
Robotics and autonomy has been a growing concern for heavy equipment manufacturers with manufacturers beginning research and technology acquisition. A
3970:
2881:
2766:
2713:
3857:
1801:
To classify as an ownership cost an expense must have been incurred regardless of if the equipment is used or not. These costs are as follows:
17:
1263:
1490:
4668:
3136:
1371:
679:
1957:
For an expense to be classified as an operating cost, it must be incurred through use of the equipment. These costs are as follows:
2942:
4713:
3644:
272:
Until the 19th century and into the early 20th century heavy machines were drawn under human or animal power. With the advent of
3696:
3654:
2510:
2740:
312:
was in many cases replaced by hydraulic machinery. The early 20th century also saw new electric-powered machines such as the
150:, in this context, has come to mean any type of industrial equipment, including mobile equipment (e.g. in the same sense as
1285:
1180:
1300:
3619:
2800:
3589:
3154:
2525:
2400:
2044:
4123:
3721:
3689:
2847:
2830:
2810:
2604:
833:
347:, and later for civilian machinery like the bulldozer. The largest engineering vehicles and mobile land machines are
2842:
Bartholomew, S.H. "Estimating and
Bidding for Heavy Construction" CSU Chico, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall,
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31:
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1008:
747:
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researches and makes recommendations about safety for these and other workers in safety-sensitive positions.
1776:
Much publication about heavy equipment operators focuses on improving safety for such workers. The field of
1226:
pump, mixer-truck, and a specialized auger that allows pumping concrete through its axis while withdrawn.
2935:
2610:
2276:
1470:
478:
2686:
4684:
3567:
2455:
1196:
38:
4284:
3729:
2059:
398:
321:
293:
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steam-powered engines the drawn machine precursors were reconfigured with the new engines, such as the
1073:
4587:
3982:
3659:
3084:
2545:
2460:
355:
Until almost the twentieth century, one simple tool constituted the primary earthmoving machine: the
3176:
1773:
may operate heavy equipment, and there is specialized training for learning to use heavy equipment.
4834:
4663:
4653:
4525:
4515:
4345:
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3289:
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2535:
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1752:
1406:
1171:
1086:
336:
80:
2825:
Peurifoy & Schexnayder "Construction
Planning Equipment, and Methods" McGraw Hill 6th edition
4503:
4478:
4418:
4098:
4039:
3624:
3614:
3609:
3562:
3479:
2928:
1273:
309:
280:. The design of a core tractor evolved around the new steam power source into a new machine core
167:
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4577:
4391:
4227:
4202:
4053:
4032:
3924:
3649:
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1170:
attached to the front that is used to push other equipment and construction materials, such as
522:
348:
264:
140:
96:
4453:
4262:
3770:
3629:
3069:
2075:
are often produced for each vehicle to give to prospective customers. These are typically in
1777:
1656:
1455:
998:
976:
661:
656:
1448:
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4658:
4615:
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4433:
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3374:
2648:
1099:
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784:
639:
597:
533:
502:
221:
127:
8:
4582:
4572:
4128:
4113:
4073:
4046:
3821:
3811:
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3166:
3144:
1557:
1058:
1036:
892:
843:
803:
798:
473:
2664:"Caterpillar unveils an all-electric 26-ton excavator with a giant 300 kWh battery pack"
1577:
872:
4533:
4242:
4025:
3944:
3484:
3459:
2505:
1987:
1651:
1410:
1359:
1292:
1160:
1090:
741:
711:
558:
512:
72:
2714:"Liebherr's prototype battery-powered LB 16 drilling rig has 10-hour run time (VIDEO)"
1718:
for transporting as well as digging. Off-highway tires have six categories of service
674:
4630:
4376:
4267:
4237:
4088:
3489:
3469:
3104:
3015:
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1702:
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1426:
1402:
1077:
772:
553:
548:
507:
468:
277:
217:
185:
107:
1620:
421:
These subdivisions, in this order, are the standard heavy equipment categorization.
4680:
4567:
4458:
4423:
4398:
4257:
4078:
3419:
3321:
3149:
3046:
2644:
2121:
2080:
2039:. A major repair can change the depreciable equipment value due to an extension in
1542:
1119:
934:
877:
723:
458:
402:
384:
332:
317:
3905:
176:
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4620:
4538:
4473:
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4366:
4232:
4103:
3958:
3094:
2615:
2152:
2031:
The biggest distinction from a cost standpoint is if a repair is classified as a
1770:
1219:
1156:
1053:
929:
818:
793:
617:
380:
325:
281:
273:
249:
227:
208:
119:
48:
Heavy equipment vehicles of various types parked near a highway construction site
232:
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4635:
4552:
4356:
4118:
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3251:
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1134:
1129:
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1114:
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1104:
993:
828:
651:
592:
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410:
406:
368:
237:
131:
4673:
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4771:
4610:
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4207:
3529:
3514:
3509:
3394:
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3186:
3079:
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2228:
2135:
1811:
1633:
1602:
1505:
1063:
1028:
914:
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887:
868:
863:
305:
285:
3978:
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1823:
1689:
1612:
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3311:
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3241:
3121:
3089:
3074:
3021:
3005:
2687:"Volvo CE gets $ 2M grant to test electric excavator, loader in California"
2445:
2064:
2040:
1843:
1766:
1048:
1023:
1003:
848:
823:
813:
808:
760:
538:
364:
301:
244:
200:
76:
3843:
3778:
1701:
for various construction applications. While many types of equipment have
924:
4801:
4498:
4381:
4320:
3889:
3539:
3331:
3246:
3126:
3059:
3054:
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2440:
2321:
2068:
1762:
1646:
1628:
1607:
1591:
1523:
1474:
1253:
L bulldozer, excavators and other heavy equipment vehicles parked near a
1018:
1013:
955:
944:
939:
919:
853:
729:
360:
356:
344:
289:
213:
196:
114:
106:
Heavy equipment has been used since at least the 1st century BC when the
100:
3940:
3865:
3766:
4625:
4605:
4493:
4305:
4300:
4222:
4212:
4093:
3838:
3758:
3519:
3220:
3027:
3000:
2475:
2465:
2435:
2214:
2084:
2076:
1982:
1974:
1885:
1566:
1534:
971:
882:
838:
788:
694:
689:
463:
151:
4781:
4761:
4647:
4463:
4448:
4064:
4006:
3806:
3499:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3364:
3354:
3171:
3161:
3116:
3111:
3010:
2787:
1833:
1331:
1187:
959:
897:
622:
602:
543:
527:
431:
188:
110:
88:
4811:
4698:
4428:
4403:
4330:
4247:
3913:
3494:
3454:
3369:
3306:
3279:
3215:
3210:
3181:
2951:
2591:
2561:
2490:
2307:
1978:
1378:
1223:
950:
858:
442:
313:
297:
204:
3966:
3954:
2635:
Haycraft, William R. (2011). "History of
Construction Equipment".
376:
neither of which could be provided by the technology of that time.
4751:
4723:
4408:
4335:
4325:
4315:
4310:
4018:
3990:
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3414:
3346:
3336:
3316:
3301:
3274:
3269:
3231:
2995:
2566:
2556:
2515:
2369:
1998:
1561:
1510:
1437:
1362:
1277:
1163:
627:
607:
575:
517:
452:
447:
437:
3901:
3037:
744:(payloader, front loader, wheel loader, integrated tool carrier)
4733:
4728:
4718:
4708:
4640:
4413:
4361:
4171:
4014:
3930:
3853:
3524:
3431:
3236:
2909:
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2383:
2290:
1547:
1433:
1254:
1203:
981:
699:
684:
563:
490:
372:
256:
3754:
228:
From horses, through steam and diesel, to electric and robotic
92:
4186:
3326:
2882:"Construction equipment manufacturers: world equipment sales"
2860:
2480:
2470:
2352:
2259:
2197:
2166:
2015:
1816:
1806:
1641:
1518:
1440:
1167:
135:
4002:
3802:
1498:
320:
is a present-day brand from these days, starting out as the
4181:
4176:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4141:
3225:
2954:
2485:
2245:
2183:
1968:
1698:
340:
2741:"Construction Equipment Goes Electric, But Hurdles Remain"
1681:
1666:
44:
3261:
3202:
2798:
2530:
612:
2788:
U.S. Department of Labor – Occupational
Outlook Handbook
2767:"Caterpillar Announces Acquisition of Robotic Expertise"
2607:, the trade association for heavy equipment distributors
1365:
equipped with a large bucket elevated by hydraulic rams.
30:"Heavy machinery" redirects here. For other uses, see
2095:
The largest 10 heavy equipment manufacturers in 2022
184:The use of heavy equipment has a long history; the
2637:Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
1409:projects in a combat environment. In the picture:
296:became the major power source of heavy equipment.
27:Vehicles designed for executing construction tasks
180:Wheel Loaders and other industrial trucks parked
37:"Earthmover" redirects here. For other uses, see
4826:
2950:
2405:
2079:. The popular manufacturers of these models are
1318:Heavy duty excavator with large bucket equipped.
324:. The first mass-produced heavy machine was the
2219:
2126:
1757:A heavy equipment operator drives and operates
1489:Temporary roads deployment complex during the "
383:were used from the 1950s and onwards, and made
123:when it was powered via human or animal labor.
3697:
2936:
2312:
1706:There are three types of off-the-road tires,
3711:
2711:
1944:= $ 350,000 – ( 3 x $ 350,000/5) = $ 140,000
252:; a precursor to modern engineering vehicles
1746:
3704:
3690:
2943:
2929:
2738:
2712:Gruver Doyle, Marcia (November 18, 2019).
1714:for slow moving earthmoving machines, and
1346:Komatsu Dozer pushing coal on the job site
1499:Implements and hydromechanical work tools
2634:
2374:
2281:
2090:
1688:
1680:
263:
255:
243:
231:
175:
43:
2769:(Press release). Caterpillar. June 2020
2661:
2343:
2250:
2188:
2157:
1667:Traction: Off-the-road tires and tracks
339:. The use of tracks became popular for
191:(1st century BCE) gave descriptions of
14:
4827:
2684:
413:) commercial solutions to the market.
126:Heavy equipment functions through the
3685:
2924:
1697:Heavy equipment requires specialized
1238:Fixed crane in a coal mine in Germany
3575:
1222:are driven with a drilling machine,
216:was invented around 1500. The first
3597:
1983:filters (oil, air, fuel, hydraulic)
83:or other large construction tasks.
24:
2799:V. J. Davies, Ken Tomasin (1996).
2662:Lambert, Fred (January 29, 2019).
2649:10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000374
2526:Navistar International Corporation
2087:in Germany, even for US vehicles.
1860:N = equipment useful life (years)
873:Knuckleboom loader (trailer mount)
25:
4856:
3722:Offshore geotechnical engineering
2902:
2739:Rubenstone, Jeff (June 5, 2019).
2605:Associated Equipment Distributors
2043:, while a minor repair is normal
1952:
1796:
1783:
1571:hydraulic tilting bucket (4-in-1)
834:Electric overhead traveling crane
260:An early gasoline-powered tractor
79:tasks, most frequently involving
4013:
4001:
3989:
3977:
3965:
3953:
3939:
3929:
3912:
3900:
3888:
3876:
3864:
3852:
3830:
3801:
3789:
3777:
3765:
3753:
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3574:
3553:
3552:
3036:
2908:
2407:
2376:
2345:
2314:
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2252:
2221:
2190:
2159:
2128:
1482:
1462:
1447:
1418:
1391:
1370:
1351:
1339:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1284:
1262:
1243:
1231:
1211:
1195:
1179:
1166:and is characterized by a steel
1148:
363:, or a cart or wagon drawn by a
284:, that can be configured as the
32:Heavy machinery (disambiguation)
2874:
2861:"Heavy Equipment parts catalog"
2853:
2836:
1218:Iron bar reinforced foundation
1009:Horizontal directional drilling
947:(road roller, roller compactor)
675:Construction and mining tractor
143:as a primary source of motion.
2819:
2792:
2781:
2759:
2732:
2705:
2685:McLoud, Don (April 24, 2020).
2678:
2655:
2628:
2339:Hitachi Construction Machinery
2023:replacement of high-wear items
1693:Caterpillar track (circa 2009)
1582:mechanical pulverizer, crusher
172:History of steam road vehicles
75:specially designed to execute
18:Heavy equipment (construction)
13:
1:
4372:Mechanically stabilized earth
2621:
2430:Other manufacturers include:
1867:= Annual depreciation amount
1685:Continuous track (circa 1909)
1387:Military engineering vehicles
680:Construction and mining truck
479:Military engineering vehicles
304:engines were used, but today
4124:Hydraulic conductivity tests
2802:Construction Safety Handbook
2611:Construction equipment theft
2277:Volvo Construction Equipment
1471:armoured engineering vehicle
1306:Grader cleaning and leveling
982:Underground mining equipment
103:, and control/information.
7:
4685:Stress distribution in soil
2598:
2456:Case Construction Equipment
1074:Highway bottom dump (stiff)
294:internal-combustion engines
292:. During the 20th century,
39:Earthmover (disambiguation)
10:
4861:
3835:Pore pressure measurement
2060:Model construction vehicle
2057:
2020:3rd party service contract
1857:= some year in the future
1750:
1710:for earthmoving machines,
1670:
401:are currently developing (
322:Holt Manufacturing Company
268:Heavy equipment circa 1922
240:digging water-supply ditch
165:
161:
36:
29:
4742:
4697:
4596:
4588:Preconsolidation pressure
4560:
4551:
4524:
4344:
4293:
4280:
4195:
4149:
4140:
4063:
3983:Standard penetration test
3741:
3728:
3719:
3548:
3447:
3345:
3260:
3201:
3135:
3085:Hemispherical photography
3045:
3034:
2965:
2546:Orenstein and Koppel GmbH
2461:Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2053:
2012:
1995:
1962:
1917:
1852:
1769:projects. Typically only
1657:vibratory plate compactor
1159:N bulldozer evolved from
1141:
1069:Highway 10 yard rear dump
351:, built since the 1920s.
4084:California bearing ratio
3882:Rotary-pressure sounding
3713:Geotechnical engineering
3645:Machine and metalworking
3390:Lombard Steam Log Hauler
2496:Hyundai Heavy Industries
1753:Heavy equipment operator
1747:Heavy equipment operator
940:Pneumatic tire compactor
416:
337:Lombard Steam Log Hauler
4504:Geosynthetic clay liner
4479:Expanded clay aggregate
4099:Proctor compaction test
4040:Crosshole sonic logging
4026:Nuclear densometer test
3783:Geo-electrical sounding
3655:Measuring and alignment
2745:Engineering News-Record
1588:pavement removal bucket
1436:which is subsidiary of
1274:Garzweiler surface mine
1270:Bucket wheel excavators
1031:(rototiller, rotovator)
349:bucket-wheel excavators
310:Mechanical transmission
168:History of construction
87:usually comprises five
4840:Construction equipment
4767:Earthquake engineering
4578:Lateral earth pressure
4203:Hydraulic conductivity
4054:Wave equation analysis
4033:Exploration geophysics
3925:Deformation monitoring
3894:Rotary weight sounding
2577:Takeuchi Manufacturing
1694:
1686:
1621:sheep's foot compactor
1381:on a tracked grinder
523:Bucket-wheel excavator
378:
269:
261:
253:
241:
186:ancient Roman engineer
181:
108:ancient Roman engineer
69:construction equipment
49:
3945:Settlement recordings
3870:Rock control drilling
3771:Cone penetration test
2091:Notable manufacturers
1778:occupational medicine
1692:
1684:
1578:material handling arm
977:Tunnel boring machine
662:Wheel tractor-scraper
353:
335:vehicle was the 1901
331:The first commercial
267:
259:
247:
235:
179:
166:Further information:
65:construction vehicles
47:
4845:Engineering vehicles
4807:Agricultural science
4509:Cellular confinement
3620:Cutting and abrasive
3602:WikiProject Forestry
2917:at Wikimedia Commons
2110:Sales (billion USD)
785:Aerial work platform
640:Pipelayer (sideboom)
534:Long reach excavator
503:Amphibious excavator
434:(dozer, track dozer)
409:) or have launched (
222:Marc Isambard Brunel
128:mechanical advantage
81:earthwork operations
4699:Numerical analysis
4583:Overburden pressure
4573:Pore water pressure
4353:Shoring structures
4228:Reynolds' dilatancy
4129:Water content tests
4114:Triaxial shear test
4074:Soil classification
4047:Pile integrity test
3145:Aerial firefighting
1936:= 3 years from now
1202:The wheel trencher
1037:Hydraulic machinery
956:Vibratory compactor
893:Telescopic handlers
844:Level luffing crane
804:Bulk-handling crane
799:Block-setting crane
474:Crawler-transporter
399:number of companies
73:heavy-duty vehicles
4674:Slab stabilisation
4654:Stability analysis
3485:Hydraulic debarker
3460:Firewood processor
2805:. Thomas Telford.
2067:metal promotional
1822:major repairs and
1695:
1687:
1411:IDF Caterpillar D9
1135:Street sweep dozer
1130:Street sweep truck
1115:Concrete mix dozer
1110:Concrete mix truck
712:Articulated hauler
513:Dragline excavator
270:
262:
254:
242:
182:
50:
4822:
4821:
4693:
4692:
4669:Sliding criterion
4631:Response spectrum
4547:
4546:
4377:Pressure grouting
4276:
4275:
4136:
4135:
4089:Direct shear test
3795:Permeability test
3679:
3678:
3490:Log house moulder
3016:Tree planting bar
2991:Groasis Waterboxx
2913:Media related to
2427:
2426:
2029:
2028:
1950:
1949:
1819:from depreciation
1703:continuous tracks
1677:Caterpillar track
1673:Off-the-road tire
1535:demolition shears
1528:clam shell bucket
1427:Huta Stalowa Wola
1403:armored bulldozer
1190:Komatsu PC210-LC.
1078:pup (belly train)
773:Skid-steer loader
767:Skid-steer loader
554:Walking excavator
549:Suction excavator
508:Compact excavator
469:Artillery tractor
278:combine harvester
218:tunnelling shield
16:(Redirected from
4852:
4681:Bearing capacity
4568:Effective stress
4558:
4557:
4459:Land reclamation
4399:Land development
4294:Natural features
4291:
4290:
4258:Specific storage
4147:
4146:
4079:Atterberg limits
4017:
4005:
3993:
3981:
3969:
3957:
3943:
3933:
3918:Screw plate test
3916:
3904:
3892:
3880:
3868:
3856:
3834:
3805:
3793:
3781:
3769:
3757:
3739:
3738:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3683:
3682:
3600:
3599:
3578:
3577:
3556:
3555:
3535:Wood-drying kiln
3470:Forestry mulcher
3420:Washington Winch
3322:Portable sawmill
3137:Fire suppression
3040:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2922:
2921:
2912:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2857:
2851:
2840:
2834:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2796:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2720:. Randall-Reilly
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2693:. Randall-Reilly
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2632:
2417:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2293:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2262:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2169:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2098:
2097:
1960:
1959:
1850:
1849:
1807:purchase expense
1738:log-skidder and
1574:landscape tiller
1558:hydraulic hammer
1543:excavator bucket
1539:equipment bucket
1486:
1466:
1451:
1425:The militarized
1422:
1398:The militarized
1395:
1374:
1355:
1343:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1288:
1266:
1247:
1235:
1215:
1199:
1183:
1152:
1120:Lowboy (trailer)
1096:Highway transfer
1087:Highway end dump
1059:Pushback tractor
935:Pavement milling
878:Straddle carrier
779:Material handler
726:(soil compactor)
700:Mining equipment
385:containerization
381:Container cranes
333:continuous track
318:Caterpillar Inc.
220:was patented by
141:hydraulic drives
21:
4860:
4859:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4835:Heavy equipment
4825:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4797:Earth materials
4738:
4700:
4689:
4598:
4592:
4543:
4520:
4474:Earth structure
4469:Erosion control
4367:Ground freezing
4357:Retaining walls
4340:
4282:
4272:
4233:Angle of repose
4191:
4132:
4066:
4059:
4058:
4019:Visible bedrock
3971:Simple sounding
3959:Shear vane test
3735:instrumentation
3734:
3732:
3724:
3715:
3710:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3544:
3443:
3341:
3290:safety features
3285:safety clothing
3256:
3197:
3131:
3095:Increment borer
3041:
3032:
2970:
2961:
2949:
2915:Heavy equipment
2905:
2900:
2899:
2890:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2866:
2864:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2841:
2837:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2797:
2793:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2737:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2718:Equipment World
2710:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2691:Equipment World
2683:
2679:
2669:
2667:
2660:
2656:
2643:(10): 720–723.
2633:
2629:
2624:
2616:Non-road engine
2601:
2596:
2429:
2408:
2406:
2377:
2375:
2346:
2344:
2315:
2313:
2284:
2282:
2253:
2251:
2222:
2220:
2191:
2189:
2160:
2158:
2129:
2127:
2113:Share of total
2093:
2073:heavy equipment
2062:
2056:
2050:
1955:
1943:
1911:
1899:
1875:
1866:
1841:
1799:
1786:
1771:skilled workers
1759:heavy equipment
1755:
1749:
1679:
1671:Main articles:
1669:
1664:
1625:skeleton bucket
1585:multi processor
1524:bulldozer blade
1501:
1494:
1487:
1478:
1467:
1458:
1452:
1443:
1423:
1414:
1396:
1382:
1375:
1366:
1356:
1347:
1344:
1335:
1328:
1319:
1316:
1307:
1304:
1295:
1289:
1280:
1267:
1258:
1248:
1239:
1236:
1227:
1216:
1207:
1200:
1191:
1184:
1175:
1157:Caterpillar D10
1153:
1144:
1139:
1054:Ballast tractor
988:Hydromatic tool
819:Container crane
730:Soil stabilizer
664:(belly scraper)
623:Wheel forwarder
618:Track harvester
455:(wheel tractor)
419:
326:Fordson tractor
282:traction engine
250:portable engine
230:
209:De architectura
193:heavy equipment
174:
164:
120:De architectura
85:Heavy equipment
57:heavy machinery
53:Heavy equipment
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4858:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4744:Related fields
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4703:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4664:Classification
4661:
4656:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4636:Seismic hazard
4633:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4602:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4564:
4562:
4555:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4530:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4350:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4288:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4263:Shear strength
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4238:Friction angle
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4153:
4151:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4119:Oedometer test
4116:
4111:
4109:Sieve analysis
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4010:
4009:
3998:
3997:
3995:Total sounding
3986:
3985:
3974:
3973:
3962:
3961:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3937:
3921:
3920:
3909:
3908:
3897:
3896:
3885:
3884:
3873:
3872:
3861:
3860:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3798:
3797:
3786:
3785:
3774:
3773:
3762:
3761:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3736:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3709:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3686:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:Types of tools
3606:
3605:
3604:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3465:Forest railway
3462:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3429:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3360:Feller buncher
3357:
3351:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3252:Splitting maul
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3184:
3179:
3177:Fire retardant
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3141:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3065:Biltmore stick
3062:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2963:
2962:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2904:
2903:External links
2901:
2898:
2897:
2873:
2852:
2835:
2818:
2811:
2791:
2780:
2758:
2731:
2704:
2677:
2654:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2541:Track Marshall
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2501:Ingersoll Rand
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2451:Bobcat Company
2448:
2443:
2438:
2432:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:United Kingdom
2403:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2092:
2089:
2058:Main article:
2055:
2052:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2004:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1971:
1954:
1953:Operating cost
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1928:purchase price
1916:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1902:purchase price
1897:
1883:
1882:
1878:purchase price
1873:
1864:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1829:property taxes
1826:
1820:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1798:
1797:Ownership cost
1795:
1791:operating cost
1785:
1784:Equipment cost
1782:
1751:Main article:
1748:
1745:
1716:load and carry
1668:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1597:power take-off
1594:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1479:
1468:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1446:
1444:
1430:backhoe loader
1424:
1417:
1415:
1400:Caterpillar D9
1397:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1367:
1357:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1338:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1298:
1296:
1290:
1283:
1281:
1268:
1261:
1259:
1251:Caterpillar D9
1249:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1217:
1210:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1176:
1154:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1125:Street sweeper
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1105:Concrete mixer
1102:
1100:Transfer train
1093:
1084:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1033:
1032:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
994:Ballast tamper
985:
984:
979:
974:
963:
962:
953:
951:Slipform paver
948:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
829:Overhead crane
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
776:
775:
764:
763:
752:
751:
745:
733:
732:
727:
715:
714:
703:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
666:
665:
659:
654:
652:Fresno scraper
643:
642:
631:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
593:Feller buncher
584:
583:
581:Backhoe loader
578:
567:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
494:
493:
482:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
450:
445:
440:
435:
423:
418:
415:
411:Built Robotics
371:, levers, and
369:inclined plane
308:are dominant.
306:diesel engines
238:Fresno scraper
229:
226:
163:
160:
132:simple machine
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4857:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4772:Geomorphology
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4696:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4616:Consolidation
4614:
4612:
4611:Frost heaving
4609:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4595:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4489:Geosynthetics
4487:
4485:
4484:Crushed stone
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4439:Cut-and-cover
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4279:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4208:Water content
4206:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4062:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3906:Sample series
3903:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3740:
3737:
3731:
3730:Investigation
3727:
3723:
3718:
3714:
3707:
3702:
3700:
3695:
3693:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3530:Whoopie sling
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3515:Chainsaw mill
3513:
3511:
3510:Stump grinder
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3080:Diameter tape
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2972:afforestation
2968:
2967:Tree planting
2964:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2934:
2932:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2862:
2856:
2849:
2848:0-13-598327-4
2845:
2839:
2832:
2831:0-07-232176-8
2828:
2822:
2814:
2812:0-7277-2519-X
2808:
2804:
2803:
2795:
2789:
2784:
2768:
2762:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2665:
2658:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2582:Wacker Neuson
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2229:United States
2218:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2136:United States
2125:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2099:
2096:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1888:(BV) in year
1887:
1881:
1879:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1812:salvage value
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1794:
1792:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1691:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1634:stump grinder
1632:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:rotating grab
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1603:quick coupler
1601:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1342:
1337:
1334:(tamping tip)
1333:
1326:
1321:
1314:
1309:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1064:Railcar mover
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1029:Rotary tiller
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
990:
989:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
968:
967:
961:
957:
954:
952:
949:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
915:Asphalt plant
913:
911:
910:Asphalt paver
908:
907:
906:
905:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
888:Reach stacker
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
870:
869:Grapple truck
867:
865:
864:Garbage truck
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
786:
783:
782:
781:
780:
774:
771:
770:
769:
768:
762:
759:
758:
757:
756:
749:
746:
743:
740:
739:
738:
737:
731:
728:
725:
722:
721:
720:
719:
713:
710:
709:
708:
707:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
672:
671:
670:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
649:
648:
647:
641:
638:
637:
636:
635:
629:
628:Wheel skidder
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
589:
588:
582:
579:
577:
574:
573:
572:
571:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
499:
498:
492:
489:
488:
487:
486:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
459:Track tractor
457:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
433:
430:
429:
428:
427:
422:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
391:
388:
386:
382:
377:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:steam tractor
283:
279:
275:
266:
258:
251:
246:
239:
234:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
187:
178:
173:
169:
159:
157:
153:
149:
144:
142:
137:
133:
129:
124:
122:
121:
116:
112:
109:
104:
102:
99:, structure,
98:
94:
91:systems: the
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
46:
40:
33:
19:
4792:Biogeography
4787:Hydrogeology
4777:Soil science
4757:Geochemistry
4516:Infiltration
4444:Cut and fill
4387:Soil nailing
4253:Permeability
4218:Bulk density
3935:Inclinometer
3858:Ram sounding
3743:
3579:
3557:
3475:Hand compass
3427:Steam donkey
3312:Lumber edger
3297:Crosscut saw
3242:Log splitter
3167:Fire flapper
3122:Tree caliper
3090:Inclinometer
3075:Cruising rod
3024:(Tuley tube)
3022:Tree shelter
3018:(dibble bar)
3006:Root trainer
2958:
2889:. Retrieved
2885:
2876:
2865:. Retrieved
2855:
2838:
2821:
2801:
2794:
2783:
2771:. Retrieved
2761:
2749:. Retrieved
2744:
2734:
2722:. Retrieved
2717:
2707:
2695:. Retrieved
2690:
2680:
2668:. Retrieved
2657:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2446:BEML Limited
2428:
2319:
2094:
2072:
2069:scale models
2063:
2049:
2041:service life
2037:minor repair
2036:
2033:major repair
2032:
2030:
2006:repair labor
2003:repair parts
1956:
1933:
1932:
1930:= $ 350,000
1927:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1884:
1877:
1871:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1844:Depreciation
1842:
1800:
1787:
1775:
1767:construction
1756:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1726:earthmover,
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1696:
1493:" exhibition
1360:front loader
1161:tracked-type
1049:Tractor unit
1042:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1024:Post pounder
1004:Drilling rig
987:
986:
965:
964:
903:
902:
849:Mobile crane
824:Gantry crane
814:Aerial crane
809:Crane vessel
778:
777:
766:
765:
761:Track loader
755:Track loader
754:
753:
735:
734:
717:
716:
705:
704:
668:
667:
645:
644:
633:
632:
586:
585:
569:
568:
539:Power shovel
496:
495:
484:
483:
425:
424:
420:
396:
392:
389:
379:
365:draft animal
354:
330:
271:
236:Horse-drawn
207:
201:ancient Rome
183:
158:equipment".
155:
147:
145:
125:
118:
113:described a
105:
84:
77:construction
71:, refers to
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
51:
4802:Archaeology
4526:Foundations
4499:Geomembrane
4382:Slurry wall
4321:Water table
4285:Interaction
4281:Structures
4268:Sensitivity
4065:Laboratory
3670:Woodworking
3540:Woodchipper
3332:Two-man saw
3247:Marking axe
3228:(shake axe)
3127:Wedge prism
3100:Rangefinder
3060:Angle gauge
3047:Mensuration
2980:Caulk boots
2863:. AGA Parts
2747:. BNP Media
2572:ST Kinetics
2536:New Holland
2441:Atlas Copco
2322:Switzerland
2122:Caterpillar
2045:maintenance
1817:tax savings
1763:engineering
1722:compactor,
1647:tiltrotator
1638:stump shear
1629:snow blower
1592:pile driver
1491:Armiya 2021
1475:German Army
1469:PiPz Dachs
1407:earthmoving
1405:allows for
1186:The bucket
1019:Pile driver
1014:Earth auger
999:Attachments
966:Underground
920:Cold planer
854:Travel lift
748:Skip loader
724:Wheel dozer
706:Articulated
403:Caterpillar
361:wheelbarrow
357:hand shovel
345:World War I
290:steamroller
214:pile driver
101:power train
61:earthmovers
4829:Categories
4659:Mitigation
4641:Shear wave
4626:Earthquake
4621:Compaction
4606:Permafrost
4597:Phenomena/
4494:Geotextile
4419:Embankment
4409:Excavation
4346:Earthworks
4306:Vegetation
4301:Topography
4223:Thixotropy
4213:Void ratio
4196:Properties
4094:Hydrometer
3839:Piezometer
3759:Core drill
3558:Categories
3380:Helicopter
3221:Brush hook
3055:3D scanner
3028:Tree spade
3001:Pottiputki
2891:2023-12-02
2867:2020-09-30
2666:. Electrek
2622:References
2476:Fiat-Allis
2466:CNH Global
2436:Anhui Heli
2215:John Deere
2077:1:50 scale
1975:lubricants
1886:Book value
1567:hydraulics
1531:cold plane
1515:bale spear
1358:A wheeled
1206:SMC 200 R.
972:Roadheader
883:Sidelifter
839:Ring crane
789:Lift table
695:Haul truck
690:Dump truck
464:Locomotive
387:possible.
152:powerplant
4782:Hydrology
4762:Petrology
4650:analysis
4648:Landslide
4553:Mechanics
4464:Track bed
4449:Fill dirt
4434:Terracing
4007:Trial pit
3822:Statnamic
3807:Load test
3590:equipment
3568:equipment
3520:Tree tyer
3500:Log flume
3480:Hand hook
3410:Skid cone
3405:Pike pole
3400:Pickaroon
3385:Log truck
3375:Harvester
3365:Forwarder
3355:Cant hook
3189:(rakehoe)
3172:Fire rake
3162:Driptorch
3117:Relascope
3112:Microtome
3011:Seed trap
2959:equipment
2548:(O&K)
1979:lube oils
1834:insurance
1824:overhauls
1708:transport
1661:wheel saw
1454:Military
1332:compactor
1330:Landfill
1257:in Israel
1188:excavator
1091:side dump
960:Compactor
898:Tow truck
718:Compactor
634:Pipelayer
613:Power saw
603:Forwarder
598:Harvester
544:Reclaimer
528:Excavator
497:Excavator
432:Bulldozer
328:in 1917.
224:in 1818.
189:Vitruvius
146:The word
111:Vitruvius
93:implement
89:equipment
4812:Agrology
4701:software
4599:problems
4429:Causeway
4404:Landfill
4331:Subgrade
4248:Porosity
4243:Cohesion
3625:Forestry
3615:Cleaning
3495:Log pond
3455:Denailer
3370:Go-devil
3307:Head saw
3280:Chainsaw
3216:Broadaxe
3211:Billhook
3182:Helitack
2987:(hoedag)
2952:Forestry
2886:Statista
2773:July 14,
2751:July 14,
2724:July 14,
2697:July 14,
2670:July 14,
2599:See also
2592:Zoomlion
2562:Rototilt
2491:Hidromek
2308:Liebherr
2107:Country
2104:Company
2065:Die-cast
1920:example:
1761:used in
1734:loader,
1730:grader,
1652:trencher
1379:conveyor
1224:concrete
1164:tractors
925:Cure rig
859:Forklift
750:(skippy)
559:Trencher
530:(digger)
443:Snowplow
314:forklift
298:Kerosene
288:and the
274:portable
205:treatise
97:traction
4752:Geology
4724:SVSlope
4534:Shallow
4454:Grading
4392:Tieback
4336:Subsoil
4326:Bedrock
4316:Topsoil
4311:Terrain
4104:R-value
4067:testing
3817:Dynamic
3744:in situ
3742:Field (
3650:Masonry
3640:Kitchen
3580:Commons
3505:Machete
3415:Skidder
3347:Logging
3337:Whipsaw
3317:Polesaw
3302:Dragsaw
3275:Bucksaw
3270:Bow saw
3232:Hatchet
3193:Pulaski
2996:Mattock
2833:, 2002.
2567:Shantui
2557:Poclain
2516:LiuGong
2511:Kobelco
2370:Sandvik
2153:Komatsu
1999:repairs
1965:F.O.G.
1838:storage
1562:hoe ram
1553:grapple
1511:backhoe
1473:of the
1456:scraper
1438:LiuGong
1377:Folded
1363:tractor
1278:Germany
1043:Highway
657:Scraper
646:Scraper
608:Skidder
576:Backhoe
570:Backhoe
518:Dredger
453:Tractor
448:Skidder
438:Snowcat
426:Tractor
373:pulleys
343:during
302:ethanol
203:in his
162:History
4734:Plaxis
4729:UTEXAS
4719:SVFlux
4709:SEEP2D
4561:Forces
4414:Trench
4362:Gabion
4172:Gravel
3812:Static
3660:Mining
3630:Garden
3525:Tsakat
3432:Yarder
3395:Peavey
3237:Labrys
3187:McLeod
2985:Hoedad
2850:, 2000
2846:
2829:
2809:
2587:Yanmar
2552:Paccar
2521:MARAIS
2506:Kubota
2412:
2384:Sweden
2381:
2350:
2291:Sweden
2288:
2257:
2226:
2195:
2175:10.7%
2164:
2144:16.3%
2133:
2081:Conrad
2054:Models
1988:Grease
1924:N = 5
1613:ripper
1477:(2008)
1434:Poland
1293:loader
1291:Wheel
1255:quarry
1204:MARAIS
1142:Images
1082:triple
945:Roller
904:Paving
742:Loader
736:Loader
685:Dumper
669:Mining
587:Timber
564:Yarder
491:Grader
485:Grader
407:Bobcat
212:. The
197:cranes
134:, the
4714:STABL
4187:Loess
4150:Types
3665:Power
3585:tools
3563:tools
3448:Other
3437:swing
3327:Resaw
3150:DC-10
3105:laser
3070:Chain
2955:tools
2481:HEPCO
2471:Demag
2423:3.0%
2392:3.4%
2361:4.0%
2353:Japan
2330:4.3%
2299:4.3%
2268:5.2%
2260:China
2237:5.4%
2206:5.8%
2198:China
2167:Japan
2035:or a
2016:tires
1973:Oil:
1863:and D
1699:tires
1642:thumb
1599:(PTO)
1548:forks
1519:broom
1506:auger
1441:China
1220:piles
1172:earth
1168:blade
930:Paver
794:Crane
417:Types
341:tanks
148:plant
136:ratio
130:of a
115:crane
67:, or
4539:Deep
4182:Loam
4177:Peat
4167:Sand
4162:Silt
4157:Clay
4142:Soil
3844:Well
3635:Hand
3262:Saws
3226:Froe
3203:Axes
3155:UAVs
2957:and
2844:ISBN
2827:ISBN
2807:ISBN
2775:2020
2753:2020
2726:2020
2699:2020
2672:2020
2486:HIAB
2389:7,8
2265:11,9
2246:Sany
2234:12,5
2203:13,4
2184:XCMG
2172:24,7
2141:37,5
2101:No.
2083:and
1969:Fuel
1765:and
1712:work
1675:and
1608:rake
1155:The
1089:and
405:and
300:and
195:and
170:and
4424:Cut
3733:and
2645:doi
2641:137
2531:NCK
2420:7,0
2401:JCB
2358:9,2
2327:9,9
2296:9,9
2085:NZG
2071:of
1908:x D
1904:– (
1880:/ N
1432:in
1413:R.
1272:in
199:in
156:and
117:in
4831::
4683:*
2884:.
2743:.
2716:.
2689:.
2639:.
2397:10
1981:,
1977:,
1940:BV
1900:=
1896:BV
1876:=
1793:.
1740:ML
1736:LS
1560:,
1276:,
1098:,
1080:,
1076:,
958:,
871:,
787:,
316:.
248:A
95:,
63:,
59:,
55:,
4287:)
4283:(
3746:)
3705:e
3698:t
3691:v
2969:,
2944:e
2937:t
2930:v
2894:.
2870:.
2815:.
2777:.
2755:.
2728:.
2701:.
2674:.
2651:.
2647::
2366:9
2335:8
2304:7
2273:6
2242:5
2211:4
2180:3
2149:2
2118:1
1942:3
1934:m
1912:)
1910:n
1906:m
1898:m
1890:m
1874:n
1872:D
1865:n
1855:m
1732:L
1728:G
1724:E
1720:C
1174:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
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