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Heartbreak House

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the shape of the stern of a ship. Lady Utterword, Shotover's other daughter, arrives from Australia, but he pretends not to recognise her. Hesione says they are running out of money. Shotover needs to invent a weapon of mass destruction. His last invention, a lifeboat, did not bring in much cash. Ellie intends to marry businessman Boss Mangan, but she really loves a man she met in the National Gallery. Unfortunately, her fiancé is a ruthless scoundrel, her father's a bumbling prig, and it turns out that the man she's in love with is Hector, Hesione's husband, who spends his time telling romantic lies to women. Marriage to Mangan will be the sensible choice.
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that the ship of England will founder, as the captain is drunk and the crew are all gambling. The maid enters with news that an air-raid is about to happen. The lights are switched off, but Hector switches them back on to demonstrate his lack of concern about the threat. A bomb lands in the garden, blowing up Shotover's store of dynamite and killing Mangan and the burglar who were hiding there. When it is over everyone says how bored they are. They hope the bombs will come again tomorrow.
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dramatically, not to point the way. As a result some critics have exalted his detachment into an end in itself and attacked Shaw as the perverter of the master. But this is to ignore the fact that Chekhov himself found the lack of commitment in contemporary writing its greatest failure and contemporary nihilism the age's bane.
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home with his message. As Shaw himself put it, "The funny old captain, having lured them into his ship by his sallies, ties them up to the gangway and gives them a moral dozen." The result is Chekhov reorchestrated, so to speak, with tubas and drums added, to allow for the playing of a Dies Irae at the end.
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One of Shaw's most important and evident themes is reality versus appearances. By the end of the play, each character is revealed to be nothing like who they appeared to be in the beginning. Mangan, who was reported to be "a Napoleon of industry" is revealed in the third act to be virtually penniless
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in November 1920. According to A. C. Ward, the work argues that "cultured, leisured Europe" was drifting toward destruction, and that "Those in a position to guide Europe to safety failed to learn their proper business of political navigation". The "Russian manner" of the subtitle refers to the style
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Shaw's avowed literary strategy, as we have seen, was to appeal to the most highly developed taste of the intelligentsia he was attacking. Shaw knew that Captain Shotover, his spokesman in the play, must first of all, like Coleridge's Ancient Mariner, hold his audience spellbound if he was to strike
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there is more than the merest hint or tiny reflection of Chekhov's true method, none of that pure, pains-taking economy and drawing, none of that humility of vision, none of that shy certainty of intuition. And Mr. Shaw's play has none of the variety in emotional rhythm that Chekhov's has, either in
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Thomas Whitaker says that Shaw differs markedly from Chekhov by presenting his characters as mercurial "rhetorical puppets" which gives them a "surprisingly rich vitality... a heartbroken adolescent can instantly become a cynic on the prowl, a maternal confidante can also be a seductive hostess and
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Lady Utterword says that everything will be put to right if only they get some horses. Every English family should have horses. Mangan declares that he is to head a government department, but Ellie suddenly announces that she cannot marry him as she is now Shotover's "white wife". Shotover predicts
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Ellie Dunn, her father, and her fiancé are invited to one of Hesione Hushabye’s infamous dinner parties, to be held at the house of her father, the eccentric Captain Shotover, an inventor in his late eighties who is trying to create a "psychic ray" that will destroy dynamite. The house is built in
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A burglar is captured. They say they do not want to prosecute him, but he insists he will turn himself in unless they pay him not to. It turns out that the burglar is one of Shotover's old crewmen. He confesses that he is not a real burglar. He deliberately gets himself captured to get charitable
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is not often performed due to its complex structure; however it is argued that the genius of the play cannot be fully appreciated without seeing it in performance. Its subject-matter is the ignorance and indifference exhibited by the upper and upper-middle classes to the First World War and its
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Though his characters often talk grandly and eloquently about the future of humanity, it is obvious that they are not going to act on their convictions, and Chekhov records their orations with a sympathy that is undercut with humorous skepticism. His aim is to present men and women to us
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The play was first performed in New York at the Garrick Theatre in November 1920, with Albert Perry as Shotover and Elizabeth Risdon as Ellie Dunn. It was first presented in England on 18 October 1921, at the Royal Court, with Ellen O'Malley as Ellie and Brember Wills as Shotover.
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Critics have taken very different views about Shaw's adaptation of Chekhov. Louis Kronenberger says that Shaw "turns Chekhov into a sort of literary Hyde Park soapbox dialectic for the theatre...We should be brow-beaten indeed to accept the idea that in
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assistance from his victims. Shotover laments that the younger generation have lost their romance. Ellie suggests that she should marry Shotover, but he says he's already married to a black Jamaican wife, though it's possible she's now dead.
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The house could arguably be a metaphorical reference to a ship which must be guided capably, not only by its crew, but also its passengers. Each character in the house represents to some degree a facet of
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Mazzini's belief in fate ruling his life reinforces his feeble ability to control his situation and according to the captain dooms the ship to destruction unless competent navigation can be learned:
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as Captain Shotover, Blair Williams as Hector, Patrick McManus as Mazzini, Laurie Paton as Ariadne, Benedict Campbell as Mangan and Robin Evans Willis as Ellie. It also formed part of
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consequences. The self-indulgence and lack of understanding of the high-class characters are central issues in British society at the time that the play illuminates.
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with passivity, equally pointless. Both groups share the delusion that their worlds could continue to travel in tandem forever, which they did until Sarajevo.
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an emasculating wife, a philandering lapdog can be a shrewd judge of character and an offstage hero, and a mad hatter can be a mad Lear and a mad Shaw."
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and incapable of running his own businesses. It is in fact Mazzini who runs Mangan's businesses although he at first appears mild and incompetent.
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is thus a redistillation of Chekhov and at the same time a passing beyond him, for Chekhov's world is static and directionless.
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upper middle-class (those of Heartbreak House). The "horsey set" are identified with activity, most of it pointless; the
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In 2018, the play was staged Off-Broadway from 28 August to 29 September. The production was directed by
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Captain Shotover: "Navigation. Learn it and live; or leave it and be damned." (p. 141)
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as Ellie Dunn in the original 1920 production. This scene was inspired by Millais' painting
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With an Introduction and notes by Ward. A.C. London: Longmans Green and Co Ltd. 1961.
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In the preface to the play Shaw acknowledges his debt to Chekhov, in particular to
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in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada: most notably in 1968 directed by
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as Shotover (a role for which he was nominated for a Tony), and featuring
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It is available on VHS based on the 1985 television version directed by
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Heartbreak House: A Fantasia in the Russian Manner on English Themes.
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Heartbreak House: A Fantasia in the Russian Manner on English Themes
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Heartbreak House A Fantasia in the Russian Manner on English Themes
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revival was mounted in 1984, with an all star cast headed by Sir
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The Twelve Seasons of the Edinburgh Gateway Company, 1953 - 1965
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Heartbreak House, Great Catherine, and playlets about the war.
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upper-class into two facets: the traditional country-based
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tone or in profound self-revelation among the characters."
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A dinner party at an eccentric household during World War I
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The Intelligent Woman's Guide to Socialism and Capitalism
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The Adventures of the Black Girl in Her Search for God
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Black, London, 1929, p.221 262:Louis Crompton, in contrast, says that, 1033: 888:BBC Play of the Month: Heartbreak House 810:Violet M. Broad & C. Lewis Broad , 1664: 773:George Bernard Shaw: A Critical Survey 364: 239: 1411:The Simpleton of the Unexpected Isles 1007: 865:Great Performances: Heartbreak House 1390:How These Doctors Love One Another! 928: 840:, St. Giles Press, Edinburgh, p. 55 403:In 1965 the play was staged by the 344: 308:, Ellie a struggling member of the 13: 1453:In Good King Charles's Golden Days 851:"Heartbreak House at Theatricalia" 836:Edinburgh Gateway Company (1965), 324:(those of Horseback Hall) and the 297:British society, Mangan being the 14: 1693: 1334:Annajanska, the Bolshevik Empress 1187:Passion, Poison, and Petrifaction 944: 909: 463:During their 1982–83 season, the 1598:Charlotte Payne-Townshend (wife) 987: 966:Heartbreak House by Bernard Shaw 453:directed by Jonathon Hales with 202: 178: 1215:The Shewing-Up of Blanco Posnet 1145:Captain Brassbound's Conversion 922: 903: 880: 857: 843: 830: 449:In 1981 it was produced at the 282: 169: 1629:George Bernard Shaw: His Plays 1201:The Interlude at the Playhouse 978:​Heartbreak House​ 817: 804: 799:Fields of Play in Modern Drama 791: 778: 765: 752: 726: 713: 700: 1: 694: 635:25–27 July 2014, produced by 585:Denver Center Theatre Company 185:Albert Perry as Shotover and 132: 1677:Plays by George Bernard Shaw 1250:The Dark Lady of the Sonnets 386:Pasadena Community Playhouse 312:and so on. Shaw divides the 7: 997:public domain audiobook at 683:New York, Brentano's (1919) 673: 581:Chichester Festival Theatre 16:Play by George Bernard Shaw 10: 1698: 1173:How He Lied to Her Husband 983:Internet Broadway Database 631:The play was performed at 467:had a production starring 451:Royal Exchange, Manchester 287: 1590: 1558: 1538: 1522:Cashel Byron's Profession 1497: 1229:The Fascinating Foundling 1050: 1041: 910:Keddy, Genevieve Rafter. 660:'s loose film adaptation 405:Edinburgh Gateway Company 95: 82: 74: 66: 55: 47: 37: 28: 23: 1581:Quintessence of Ibsenism 1460:The British Party System 1166:John Bull's Other Island 1089:Mrs. Warren's Profession 935:Gingold Theatrical Group 652:Gingold Theatrical Group 396:as Captain Shotover and 374:played Lady Utterword. 1682:Plays about World War I 1650:Twain and Shaw Do Lunch 1152:The Admirable Bashville 760:History of Modern Drama 668:Skorbnoye beschuvstviye 418:in a production by the 353: 1515:Love Among the Artists 1432:Arthur and the Acetone 1264:Androcles and the Lion 1236:The Glimpse of Reality 304:, Hesione the flighty 276: 192:The North-West Passage 1567:The Perfect Wagnerite 1529:An Unsocial Socialist 1320:Augustus Does His Bit 1313:The Inca of Perusalem 477:in 1982, directed by 388:in 1938, directed by 264: 129:, which Shaw adapts. 116:is a play written by 1636:Great Contemporaries 1439:Cymbeline Refinished 1194:The Doctor's Dilemma 1138:Caesar and Cleopatra 1124:The Devil's Disciple 771:Louis Kronenberger, 670:) was made in 1987. 612:version directed by 210:Geraldine Fitzgerald 165:Burglar (Billy Dunn) 1383:Too True to Be Good 1035:George Bernard Shaw 719:Stanley Weintraub, 414:It was directed by 365:Play in performance 240:Relation to Chekhov 118:George Bernard Shaw 42:George Bernard Shaw 1622:production history 1481:Shakes versus Shav 1348:Back to Methuselah 1257:Fanny's First Play 1117:You Never Can Tell 1110:The Man of Destiny 931:"Heartbreak House" 823:Alexander, Diane, 786:Shaw the Dramatist 734:"Heartbreak House" 663:Mournful Unconcern 507:Oliver Ford Davies 247:The Cherry Orchard 159:Boss Alfred Mangan 1659: 1658: 1488:Why She Would Not 1474:Farfetched Fables 1425:The Millionairess 1418:The Six of Calais 1362:Jitta's Atonement 971:Project Gutenberg 916:BroadwayWorld.com 658:Aleksandr Sokurov 609:Play of the Month 513:as the Burglar. 475:Haymarket Theatre 256:Heartbreak House 162:Randall Utterword 109: 108: 67:Original language 1689: 1613:Shavian alphabet 1467:Buoyant Billions 1341:Heartbreak House 1159:Man and Superman 1096:Arms and the Man 1075:Widowers' Houses 1028: 1021: 1014: 1005: 1004: 994:Heartbreak House 991: 990: 973: 952:Heartbreak House 939: 938: 929:Staller, David. 926: 920: 919: 907: 901: 900: 884: 878: 877: 861: 855: 854: 847: 841: 834: 828: 821: 815: 808: 802: 795: 789: 784:Louis Crompton, 782: 776: 769: 763: 756: 750: 749: 747: 745: 730: 724: 717: 711: 704: 650:and produced by 622:Lesley-Anne Down 561:Paxton Whitehead 538:George N. Martin 489:(Hesione), with 487:Vanessa Redgrave 440:Patience Collier 420:National Theatre 416:John Schlesinger 378:Heartbreak House 345:Character traits 336: 269:Heartbreak House 206: 187:Elisabeth Risdon 182: 150:Hesione Hushabye 144:Captain Shotover 33: 24:Heartbreak House 21: 20: 1697: 1696: 1692: 1691: 1690: 1688: 1687: 1686: 1662: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1586: 1554: 1534: 1493: 1306:O'Flaherty V.C. 1292:Great Catherine 1208:Getting Married 1082:The Philanderer 1046: 1037: 1032: 988: 963: 957:Standard Ebooks 947: 942: 927: 923: 908: 904: 885: 881: 862: 858: 849: 848: 844: 835: 831: 822: 818: 809: 805: 796: 792: 783: 779: 770: 766: 758:David Krasner, 757: 753: 743: 741: 732: 731: 727: 718: 714: 706:Shaw, Bernard. 705: 701: 697: 686:Shaw, Bernard. 679:Shaw, Bernard. 676: 604:Rosemary Harris 573:Caedmon Records 565:Tony Van Bridge 530:Rosemary Harris 505:(Boss Mangan), 495:Felicity Kendal 485:(Shotover) and 465:Guthrie Theater 367: 356: 347: 330: 290: 285: 272: 242: 225: 224: 223: 222: 221: 218:Mercury Theatre 207: 198: 197: 196: 183: 172: 156:Hector Hushabye 135: 122:Garrick Theatre 60:Garrick Theatre 56:Place premiered 17: 12: 11: 5: 1695: 1685: 1684: 1679: 1674: 1657: 1656: 1654: 1653: 1646: 1639: 1632: 1625: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1585: 1584: 1577: 1570: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1555: 1553: 1552: 1544: 1542: 1536: 1535: 1533: 1532: 1525: 1518: 1511: 1503: 1501: 1495: 1494: 1492: 1491: 1484: 1477: 1470: 1463: 1456: 1449: 1442: 1435: 1428: 1421: 1414: 1407: 1400: 1397:Village Wooing 1393: 1386: 1379: 1376:The Apple Cart 1372: 1365: 1358: 1351: 1344: 1337: 1330: 1323: 1316: 1309: 1302: 1299:The Music Cure 1295: 1288: 1281: 1274: 1267: 1260: 1253: 1246: 1239: 1232: 1225: 1222:Press Cuttings 1218: 1211: 1204: 1197: 1190: 1183: 1176: 1169: 1162: 1155: 1148: 1141: 1134: 1127: 1120: 1113: 1106: 1099: 1092: 1085: 1078: 1071: 1068:Un Petit Drame 1064: 1056: 1054: 1048: 1047: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1031: 1030: 1023: 1016: 1008: 1002: 1001: 985: 974: 961: 959: 946: 945:External links 943: 941: 940: 921: 902: 879: 856: 842: 829: 816: 803: 790: 777: 764: 751: 725: 712: 698: 696: 693: 692: 691: 684: 675: 672: 637:Michael Friend 614:Cedric Messina 569:Frances Hyland 469:Julianne Moore 407:, directed by 366: 363: 355: 352: 346: 343: 289: 286: 284: 281: 241: 238: 208: 201: 200: 199: 184: 177: 176: 175: 174: 173: 171: 168: 167: 166: 163: 160: 157: 154: 151: 148: 147:Lady Utterword 145: 142: 141:Nurse Guinness 139: 134: 131: 107: 106: 97: 93: 92: 84: 80: 79: 76: 72: 71: 68: 64: 63: 57: 53: 52: 49: 48:Date premiered 45: 44: 39: 35: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1694: 1683: 1680: 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1669: 1667: 1652: 1651: 1647: 1645: 1644: 1640: 1638: 1637: 1633: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1623: 1619: 1618:Shaw Festival 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1603:Shaw's Corner 1601: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1583: 1582: 1578: 1576: 1575: 1571: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1551: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1540:Short stories 1537: 1531: 1530: 1526: 1524: 1523: 1519: 1517: 1516: 1512: 1510: 1509: 1505: 1504: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1490: 1489: 1485: 1483: 1482: 1478: 1476: 1475: 1471: 1469: 1468: 1464: 1462: 1461: 1457: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1448: 1447: 1443: 1441: 1440: 1436: 1434: 1433: 1429: 1427: 1426: 1422: 1420: 1419: 1415: 1413: 1412: 1408: 1406: 1405: 1401: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1392: 1391: 1387: 1385: 1384: 1380: 1378: 1377: 1373: 1371: 1370: 1366: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1357: 1356: 1352: 1350: 1349: 1345: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1324: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1315: 1314: 1310: 1308: 1307: 1303: 1301: 1300: 1296: 1294: 1293: 1289: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1280: 1279: 1278:Beauty's Duty 1275: 1273: 1272: 1268: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1259: 1258: 1254: 1252: 1251: 1247: 1245: 1244: 1240: 1238: 1237: 1233: 1231: 1230: 1226: 1224: 1223: 1219: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1210: 1209: 1205: 1203: 1202: 1198: 1196: 1195: 1191: 1189: 1188: 1184: 1182: 1181: 1180:Major Barbara 1177: 1175: 1174: 1170: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1160: 1156: 1154: 1153: 1149: 1147: 1146: 1142: 1140: 1139: 1135: 1133: 1132: 1128: 1126: 1125: 1121: 1119: 1118: 1114: 1112: 1111: 1107: 1105: 1104: 1100: 1098: 1097: 1093: 1091: 1090: 1086: 1084: 1083: 1079: 1077: 1076: 1072: 1070: 1069: 1065: 1063: 1062: 1058: 1057: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1036: 1029: 1024: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1010: 1009: 1006: 1000: 996: 995: 986: 984: 980: 979: 975: 972: 968: 967: 962: 960: 958: 954: 953: 949: 948: 936: 932: 925: 917: 913: 906: 899: 894: 890: 889: 883: 876: 871: 867: 866: 860: 852: 846: 839: 833: 826: 820: 813: 807: 800: 797:T. Whitaker, 794: 787: 781: 774: 768: 761: 755: 740:, May 2, 1938 739: 735: 729: 722: 716: 709: 703: 699: 689: 685: 682: 678: 677: 671: 669: 665: 664: 659: 655: 653: 649: 648:David Staller 644: 642: 641:Abbey Theatre 638: 634: 633:Shaw's Corner 629: 627: 626:Siân Phillips 624:as Ellie and 623: 620:as Shotover, 619: 615: 611: 610: 605: 602:as Ellie and 601: 598:as Shotover, 597: 593: 588: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 557:Jessica Tandy 554: 550: 549:Shaw Festival 545: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 514: 512: 508: 504: 500: 499:Imogen Stubbs 496: 492: 491:Daniel Massey 488: 484: 483:Paul Scofield 480: 476: 471: 470: 466: 461: 460: 459:Lynsey Baxter 456: 452: 447: 445: 444:Kate Nelligan 441: 437: 436:Eileen Atkins 433: 432:Colin Blakely 429: 426:in 1975 with 425: 421: 417: 412: 410: 406: 401: 399: 398:George Reeves 395: 391: 387: 382: 379: 375: 373: 362: 359: 351: 342: 340: 334: 329: 328: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 300: 299:nouveau riche 296: 280: 275: 270: 263: 260: 257: 251: 249: 248: 237: 233: 229: 219: 215: 211: 205: 194: 193: 188: 181: 164: 161: 158: 155: 152: 149: 146: 143: 140: 137: 136: 130: 128: 127:Anton Chekhov 123: 119: 115: 114: 105: 101: 98: 94: 91: 88: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 58: 54: 51:November 1920 50: 46: 43: 40: 36: 32: 27: 22: 19: 1648: 1641: 1634: 1627: 1608:Shaw Theatre 1579: 1572: 1565: 1547: 1527: 1520: 1513: 1506: 1486: 1479: 1472: 1465: 1458: 1451: 1444: 1437: 1430: 1423: 1416: 1409: 1404:On the Rocks 1402: 1395: 1388: 1381: 1374: 1367: 1360: 1353: 1346: 1340: 1339: 1332: 1327:Macbeth Skit 1325: 1318: 1311: 1304: 1297: 1290: 1283: 1276: 1269: 1262: 1255: 1248: 1241: 1234: 1227: 1220: 1213: 1206: 1199: 1192: 1185: 1178: 1171: 1164: 1157: 1150: 1143: 1136: 1129: 1122: 1115: 1108: 1101: 1094: 1087: 1080: 1073: 1066: 1061:Passion Play 1059: 1044:Bibliography 993: 977: 964: 950: 934: 924: 915: 905: 887: 882: 864: 859: 845: 837: 832: 824: 819: 811: 806: 798: 793: 785: 780: 772: 767: 759: 754: 742:. Retrieved 728: 720: 715: 707: 702: 687: 680: 667: 661: 656: 645: 630: 628:as Hesione. 618:John Gielgud 607: 596:Rex Harrison 592:Anthony Page 589: 584: 577:Michael Ball 546: 542:Tom Aldredge 522:Rex Harrison 515: 503:David Calder 472: 462: 455:Eleanor Bron 448: 413: 409:Victor Carin 402: 394:Gilmor Brown 383: 377: 376: 368: 360: 357: 348: 338: 326: 298: 291: 283:Major themes 277: 268: 265: 261: 255: 252: 245: 243: 234: 230: 226: 216:in the 1938 214:Orson Welles 190: 170:Plot summary 153:Mazzini Dunn 112: 111: 110: 18: 1559:Non-fiction 1243:Misalliance 744:2 September 639:and by the 553:Val Gielgud 509:(Dunn) and 497:(Ariadne), 479:Trevor Nunn 428:Anna Massey 390:Hale McKeen 372:Edith Evans 331: [ 322:aristocracy 310:bourgeoisie 104:World War I 90:tragicomedy 1672:1919 plays 1666:Categories 1508:Immaturity 1369:Saint Joan 1131:The Gadfly 825:Playhouse! 695:References 600:Amy Irving 526:Amy Irving 493:(Hector), 302:capitalist 220:production 138:Ellie Dunn 133:Characters 87:Chekhovian 62:, New York 38:Written by 1285:Pygmalion 1271:Overruled 555:and with 534:Dana Ivey 511:Joe Melia 501:(Ellie), 314:Edwardian 295:Edwardian 999:LibriVox 738:Playbill 674:Editions 518:Broadway 516:A major 339:rentiers 306:Bohemian 1591:Related 1103:Candida 981:at the 616:, with 594:, with 424:Old Vic 422:at the 392:, with 327:rentier 288:Society 100:England 96:Setting 75:Subject 70:English 1499:Novels 1446:Geneva 895:  872:  318:gentry 1052:Plays 335:] 83:Genre 893:IMDb 870:IMDb 746:2015 567:and 540:and 457:and 442:and 354:Fate 320:and 212:and 969:at 955:at 891:at 868:at 125:of 1668:: 933:. 914:. 736:. 563:, 559:, 544:. 536:, 532:, 528:, 446:. 438:, 434:, 430:, 411:. 333:fr 102:, 1624:) 1620:( 1027:e 1020:t 1013:v 937:. 918:. 853:. 748:. 666:( 195:.

Index


George Bernard Shaw
Garrick Theatre
Chekhovian
tragicomedy
England
World War I
George Bernard Shaw
Garrick Theatre
Anton Chekhov

Elisabeth Risdon
The North-West Passage

Geraldine Fitzgerald
Orson Welles
Mercury Theatre
The Cherry Orchard
Edwardian
capitalist
Bohemian
bourgeoisie
Edwardian
gentry
aristocracy
rentier
fr
Edith Evans
Pasadena Community Playhouse
Hale McKeen

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