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804:. Liberman, Cooper, Shankweiler, and Studdert-Kennedy summarized and interpreted fifteen years of research in "Perception of the Speech Code", still among the most cited papers in the speech literature. It set the agenda for many years of research at Haskins and elsewhere by describing speech as a code in which speakers overlap (or coarticulate) segments to form syllables. Researchers at Haskins connected their first computer to a speech synthesizer designed by Haskins Laboratories' engineers.
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to resolve the acoustic complexity: they hypothesized that we perceive speech by tapping into a biological specialization, a speech module, that contains knowledge of the acoustic consequences of articulation. Liberman, aided by
Frances Ingemann and others, organized the results of the work on speech
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to measure brain activity associated with understanding sentences. Philip Rubin, Louis
Goldstein and Mark Tiede designed a radical revision of the articulatory synthesis model, known as CASY the configurable articulatory synthesizer. This 3-dimensional model of the vocal tract permits researchers to
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In 1970, Haskins
Laboratories moved to New Haven, Connecticut, and entered into affiliation agreements with Yale University and the University of Connecticut; Haskins remains fully independent of both Yale and UConn, administratively and financially. The lab's original location in New Haven, at 270
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In
December 2015, Haskins Laboratories convened a Global Literacy Summit. This was a three-day meeting of scientists and representatives from governmental and non-governmental organizations around the globe, who are working with programs in the developing world to support literacy and education in
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and Jorge C. Lucero studied the development of laryngeal and aerodynamic control in children's speech. In March 2005 Haskins
Laboratories moved to a new, state-of-the-art facility on the 9th floor of a commercial building at 300 George Street in New Haven. This provides about 11,000 square feet of
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veterans. Experimental psychologist Alvin
Liberman joined Haskins Laboratories to assist in developing a "sound alphabet" to represent the letters in a text for use in a reading machine for the blind. Luigi Provasoli joined Haskins Laboratories to set up a research program in
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allowed investigators to assemble the first automatic text-to-speech reading machine. By the end of the decade this technology had advanced to the point where commercial concerns assumed the task of designing and manufacturing reading machines for the blind.
833:, Donald Shankweiler, and Alvin Liberman teamed up with Ignatius Mattingly to study the relationship between speech perception and reading, a topic implicit in Haskins Laboratories' research program since its inception. They developed the concept of
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In 2000, Anne Fowler and Susan Brady launched the Early
Reading Success (ERS) program, part of the Haskins Literacy Initiative which promotes the science of teaching reading. The ERS program was a demonstration project examining the efficacy of
888:. This paved the way for a view of speech as a dynamic pattern of trajectories through articulatory-acoustic space. Philip Rubin and colleagues developed Paul Mermelstein's anatomically simplified vocal tract model, originally worked on at
1059:, used here to monitor articulators that cannot be seen, and Optotrak, an opto-electronic position-tracking device, used here to monitor visible articulators. Christine Shadle joined Haskins in 2004 to head up a project investigating the
612:: HL is equipped with a Vicon motion capture system with one Basler high-speed digital camera, six Vicon MX T-20 cameras and a Vicon MX Giganet for synching camera data and connecting cameras to the data capture computer.
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instruction for teachers of children in kindergarten through second grade. The
Mastering Reading Instruction program, which combines professional development with Haskins-trained mentors, was a continuation of ERS.
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652:. The history presented here focuses on the research program of the division of Haskins Laboratories that, since the 1940s, has been most well known for its work in the areas of speech, language, and reading.
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theory of speech perception: listeners perceive gestures not by means of a specialized decoder, as in the motor theory, but because information in the acoustic signal specifies the gestures that form it.
1792:"St. John's University -- Academics & Schools -- Graduate -- St. John's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences -- Departments and Institutes -- Speech, Communication Sciences and Theatre -- Overview"
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looked for simplification at the level of articulatory action in the voicing of certain contrasting consonants. They showed that many acoustic properties of voicing contrasts arise from variations in
686:, and other fields in Cambridge, MA and Schenectady. In 1939 Haskins Laboratories moved its center to New York City. Seymour Hutner joined the staff to set up a research program in microbiology,
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of Yale
University was named President and Director of Research, succeeding Carol Fowler who remains at Haskins as a Senior Advisor. In 2009, Haskins released a new Strategic Plan featuring new
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Haskins
Laboratories is equipped, in-house, with a comprehensive suite of tools and capabilities to advance its mission of research into language and literacy. As of 2014, these included:
884:, Rubin, and colleagues to show that listeners can perceive continuous speech without traditional speech cues from a pattern of sinewaves that track the changing resonances of the
916:, in a variety of languages. Cross-language work on reading, including investigations of the brain process involved, remains a large part of Haskins Laboratories' program today.
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deficits. Evidence rejected broader cognitive deficits underlying reading difficulties and raised questions about impaired phonological representations in disabled readers.
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Many researchers have contributed to scientific breakthroughs at Haskins Laboratories since its founding. All of them are indebted to the pioneering work and leadership of
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1108:, literacy). The Training Institute serves to communicate this knowledge to the public through accessible seminars, small conferences, and intern and training positions.
735:, a machine that converts pictures of the acoustic patterns of speech back into sound. With this device, Alvin Liberman, Cooper, and Pierre Delattre (and later joined by
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743:, Arthur Abramson, and others), discovered the acoustic cues for the perception of phonetic segments (consonants and vowels). Liberman and colleagues proposed a
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The Haskins Training Institute was established in 2011 to provide direct educational opportunities in Haskins Laboratories' core areas of research (language,
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A. M., Liberman, A. M., K. S. Harris, H. S. Hoffman & B. C. Griffith. The discrimination of speech sounds within and across phoneme boundaries.
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related the work to contemporary cognitive theory and provided expertise in experimental design and data analysis. Under the broad rubric of the "
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845:", this is the core of the lab's present program of reading pedagogy. Patrick Nye joined Haskins Laboratories to lead a team working on the
800:(nonspeech) perception by finding that phonetic structure devoid of meaning is an integral part of language, typically processed in the left
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vibration and the end of a consonant. Their work has been widely replicated and elaborated, here and abroad, over the following decades.
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rules to write the first computer program for synthesizing continuous speech from a phonetically spelled input. A further step toward a
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1973:
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892:, into the first articulatory synthesizer that can be controlled in a physically meaningful way and used for interactive experiments.
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http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JASMAN000035000011001911000004&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes
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In 1973, Franklin S. Cooper was selected to form a panel of six experts charged with investigating the famous 18-minute gap in the
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Katherine Safford Harris, Frederica Bell-Berti and colleagues studied the phasing and cohesion of articulatory speech gestures.
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https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/display_990/131628174/11_2020_prefixes_01-16%2F131628174_201912_990_2020112417456554
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https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/display_990/131628174/11_2020_prefixes_01-16%2F131628174_201912_990_2020112417456554
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https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/display_990/131628174/11_2020_prefixes_01-16%2F131628174_201912_990_2020112417456554
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for the blind combined Mattingly's program with an automatic look-up procedure for converting alphabetic text into strings of
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Franklin S. Cooper and Katherine Safford Harris, working with Peter MacNeilage, were the first researchers in the U.S. to use
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Studies of different writing systems supported the controversial hypothesis that all reading necessarily activates the
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technique (presenting different nonsense syllables simultaneously to opposite ears) to demonstrate the dissociation of
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1009:, Goldstein, Rubin and colleagues extended this work to study the relation between speech production and perception.
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723:. The program in marine biology moved to Yale University in 1970 and disbanded with Provasoli's retirement in 1978.
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and colleagues demonstrated functional synergies in speech gestures experimentally. Elliot Saltzman developed a
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1312:: Proceedings of a Conference to Honor Alvin M. Liberman. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum: 1991. (Paperback,
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form of a word before, or at the same time, as its meaning. Work included experiments by Georgije Lukatela,
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1987:
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A. M. Liberman, F. S. Cooper, D. S. Shankweiler, and M. Studdert-Kennedy. Perception of the speech code.
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using a robot arm to influence jaw movement. Douglas Whalen and Khalil Iskarous pioneered the pairing of
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615:
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489:; it remains fully independent, administratively and financially, of both Yale and UConn. Haskins is a
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data with brain activity measures for investigating reading processes in normal and disabled readers.
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and Franklin S. Cooper established Haskins Laboratories in 1935. It was originally affiliated with
602:: Haskins has access to MRI scanners through agreements with the University of Connecticut and the
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language. A guiding perspective of their research is to view speech and language as emerging from
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992:(fMRI) to reveal brain activity associated with reading and reading disabilities. Pugh,
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in New York. The two identically named organizations are no longer formally affiliated.
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asked Haskins Laboratories to evaluate and develop technologies for assisting blinded
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action and implemented the theory as a working model of speech production. Linguists
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Please help update this to reflect recent events or newly available information.
2266:"Scientists' sexual-harassment case sparks protests at University of Rochester"
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In 2019, David Lewkowicz joined Haskins after leaving Northeastern University.
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model are combined into a gestural computational model of speech production.
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606:. On-site, HL has a Linux computer cluster dedicated to analysis of MRI data.
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and international community of researchers that conducts basic research on
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1810:"CSR Staff Directory (List View) | NIH Center for Scientific Review"
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Language by Ear and by Eye: The Relationships between Speech and Reading
996:, Weija Ni, Einar Mencl, and colleagues developed novel applications of
2016:
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Speech Science Primer: Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception of Speech
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Speech Science Primer: Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception of Speech
768:, to study the neuromuscular organization of speech. Leigh Lisker and
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Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Conference
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Producing Speech: Contemporary Issues, for Katherine Safford Harris
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Producing Speech: Contemporary Issues, for Katherine Safford Harris
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knowledge. Articulatory phonology, the task dynamic model, and the
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Crown Street (from 1970 to 2005), was leased from Yale University.
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618:: HL has a TechEn CW6 8x8 system (four emitters; eight detectors).
481:, since 1970. Haskins has formal affiliation agreements with both
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Various researchers developed compatible theoretical accounts of
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1276:. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA: 1972. (Paperback edition, 1974,
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1339:, October 22–25, 1995, Vancouver, Canada. Copyright 1995, IEEE.
1253:. Second Edition. Williams & Williams, Baltimore, MD, 1984.
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522:
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1693:. Second Edition. Williams & Williams, Baltimore, MD, 1984
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for the blind. The project culminated when the addition of an
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Ignatius G. Mattingly & Michael Studdert-Kennedy (Eds.),
1605:"Smithsonian Speech Synthesis History Project (Ss_btl2.HTM)"
459:
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and colleagues explored the neurological underpinning of
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and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as
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in Schenectady, NY. Caryl Haskins conducted research in
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2148:"Departamento de Ciências da Computação - CIC - 404"
1310:
Modularity and the Motor Theory of Speech Perception
1272:
James F. Kavanagh and Ignatius G. Mattingly (eds.),
537:
as the critical preparation for learning to read an
533:
for the blind to developing the landmark concept of
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Biological research institutes in the United States
529:and development of an early working prototype of a
1067:. Donald Shankweiler and David Braze developed an
588:: HL is equipped with 3 SR Research eye-trackers.
1591:"Franklin S. Cooper, expert on speech perception"
1512:http://www.haskins.yale.edu/featured/patplay.html
1501:http://www.haskins.yale.edu/featured/patplay.html
1017:, Anne Fowler, and others explored whether weak
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1571:"The Crisis: The Secretary and the Tapes Tangle"
964:, in which gestures are the basic units of both
544:
77:, potentially preventing the article from being
2276:(7672). Macmillan Publishers Limited: 315–316.
563:BioSemi 264 electrode, 24 bit Active Two System
525:innovation, from creating systems of rules for
2106:"Christine Shadle | Haskins Laboratories"
1937:http://www.haskins.yale.edu/staff/fowlera.html
2428:Non-profit organizations based in Connecticut
1267:. Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, 2005.
708:Office of Scientific Research and Development
517:. Haskins Laboratories has a long history of
1325:Smithsonian Speech Synthesis History Project
748:cues into a groundbreaking set of rules for
182:, which are uninformative and vulnerable to
197:and maintains a consistent citation style.
50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1689:Gloria J. Borden and Katherine S. Harris.
1474:"Center for Community Action and Research"
1447:The Science of the Spoken and Written Word
1265:The Science of the Spoken and Written Word
1249:Gloria J. Borden and Katherine S. Harris.
566:EGI 128 electrode, Geodesic EEG System 300
275:
97:reliable, independent, third-party sources
2289:
2134:"David Braze | Haskins Laboratories"
1025:in poor readers are tied specifically to
257:Learn how and when to remove this message
239:Learn how and when to remove this message
115:Learn how and when to remove this message
1673:"College / School 2 Col. Document Title"
91:by replacing them with more appropriate
1260:. Yvonix, New Haven, Connecticut, 2000.
1258:A Bio-Biography of Caryl Parker Haskins
776:, the relative phasing of the onset of
74:too closely associated with the subject
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1972:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1847:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1523:https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0748408576
1333:. Pattern playback from 1950 to 1995.
988:was among the first scientists to use
2373:Cognitive science research institutes
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1291:. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA: 1996.
990:functional magnetic resonance imaging
1488:"Pattern Playback from 1950 to 1995"
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189:Please consider converting them to
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2378:Research institutes in Connecticut
1303:Journal of Experimental Psychology
1119:joined Haskins, after leaving the
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2393:Organizations established in 1935
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745:motor theory of speech perception
477:, founded in 1935 and located in
31:This article has multiple issues.
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2213:"Haskins Global Literacy Summit"
2088:"NDI: Products: Optotrak Certus"
1579:. December 10, 1973. p. 11.
1421:"Tax Exempt Organization Search"
880:program, which was then used by
731:Franklin S. Cooper invented the
594:1 Model Eyelink 1000plus system.
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72:may rely excessively on sources
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572:Electromagnetic articulography
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2013:"Haskins Literacy Initiative"
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764:techniques, pioneered at the
591:2 Model Eyelink 1000 systems.
545:Research tools and facilities
475:501(c) non-profit corporation
2187:"Haskins Training Institute"
851:optical character recognizer
7:
2328:. Haskins Laboratories, Inc
2245:. Haskins Laboratories, Inc
2219:. Haskins Laboratories, Inc
2193:. Haskins Laboratories, Inc
1112:disadvantaged populations.
1005:images of actual speakers.
10:
2449:
872:Building on earlier work,
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616:Near infrared spectroscopy
600:Magnetic resonance imaging
471:Haskins Laboratories, Inc.
2423:University of Connecticut
2388:Linguistics organizations
2291:10.1038/nature.2017.22620
2264:Witze, Alexandra (2017).
1071:laboratory that combines
752:by the Pattern Playback.
539:alphabetic writing system
487:University of Connecticut
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786:Michael Studdert-Kennedy
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737:Katherine Safford Harris
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2433:501(c)(3) organizations
1988:"Early Reading Success"
1445:"Haskins Laboratories,
1396:www.concord-sots.ct.gov
1187:experimental psychology
1121:University of Rochester
604:Yale School of Medicine
312:Non-profit organization
2162:"Haskins Laboratories"
2038:"Haskins Laboratories"
1777:Frederica Bell-Berti.
1623:"Haskins Laboratories"
1305:, 54, 358 - 368, 1957.
1289:Speech: A Special Code
1263:Haskins Laboratories.
1242:Frederica Bell-Berti.
1201:phonological awareness
1180:cognitive neuroscience
1159:categorical perception
974:articulatory synthesis
962:articulatory phonology
912:, Laurie Feldman, and
559:Electroencephalography
479:New Haven, Connecticut
359:New Haven, Connecticut
1222:visual word form area
505:, including those of
372:Research and analysis
2359:at Wikimedia Commons
2357:Haskins Laboratories
2326:Haskins Laboratories
2243:Haskins Laboratories
2217:Haskins Laboratories
2191:Haskins Laboratories
1298:, 74, 1967, 431-461.
1296:Psychological Review
1256:Alice B. Dadourian.
843:alphabetic principle
634:Caryl Parker Haskins
503:biological processes
357:300 George St #900,
281:Haskins Laboratories
270:Haskins Laboratories
2282:2017Natur.549..315W
2120:"RePORT ⟩ RePORTER"
1648:"Georgije Lukatela"
1287:Alvin M. Liberman.
802:cerebral hemisphere
766:University of Tokyo
622:Ultrasound sonogram
271:
2408:Speech recognition
2239:"Richard N. Aslin"
1215:reading disability
1194:orthographic depth
1146:Hollis Scarborough
1011:Donald Shankweiler
994:Donald Shankweiler
878:sinewave synthesis
835:phonemic awareness
806:Ignatius Mattingly
790:dichotic listening
782:Donald Shankweiler
665:Harvard University
638:Franklin S. Cooper
535:phonemic awareness
513:, and conspecific
473:is an independent
440:$ 5,814,864 (2019)
432:$ 4,955,859 (2019)
303:Franklin S. Cooper
269:
2355:Media related to
2322:"David Lewkowicz"
2063:"Khalil Iskarous"
1781:. Springer, 1995.
1704:"Elliot Saltzman"
1327:, August 1, 1989.
1246:. Springer, 1995.
1208:psycholinguistics
1173:cognitive science
1152:See also (topics)
1130:See also (people)
1106:speech production
1102:speech perception
1061:speech production
954:Catherine Browman
946:dynamical systems
942:J. A. Scott Kelso
925:speech perception
921:speech production
890:Bell Laboratories
867:Watergate scandal
831:Isabelle Liberman
762:electromyographic
491:multidisciplinary
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1073:eye tracking
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874:Philip Rubin
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409:Carol Fowler
383:Kenneth Pugh
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105:January 2020
102:
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71:
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2249:9 September
1049:David Ostry
1015:Susan Brady
968:action and
935:proposed a
931:knowledge.
886:vocal tract
523:theoretical
515:interaction
460:haskinslabs
446:Employees
229:August 2022
2367:Categories
2332:31 January
2172:2009-11-03
2073:2006-12-04
2048:2006-12-04
2023:2006-12-04
1998:2016-12-22
1959:2006-11-29
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1459:2006-11-29
1430:2020-09-01
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1236:References
1065:fricatives
1063:goals for
1057:ultrasound
1023:perception
1001:replicate
950:synergetic
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778:vocal cord
706:The U. S.
507:adaptation
378:Key people
324:13-1628174
319:Tax ID no.
195:verifiable
89:improve it
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820:symbols.
692:nutrition
681:radiation
450:83 (2019)
428:Revenue
387:president
345:education
180:bare URLs
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93:citations
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1082:Ken Pugh
966:phonetic
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710:, under
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485:and the
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341:literacy
337:language
184:link rot
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178:uses
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52:)
48:(
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