72:
252:
44:
193:
syndrome, hypermobility type (EDS-HT), which some researchers believed were the same condition. While hypermobility spectrum disorders are most analogous to JHS, the 2017 diagnostic criteria for hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome excludes many people who fit the old criteria, who would instead be diagnosed with hypermobility spectrum disorders.
283:
and therefore its less-strict criteria are only comparable to the criteria of hEDS. As those with HSD experience a considerable amount of discomfort, it is important to focus on the treatment, not the labels. The severity of each condition can be equivalent. In particular, musculoskeletal involvement
271:
The
Beighton Score can be used to determine generalised joint hypermobility (GJH) related to hypermobility syndrome. The newer term "generalised hypermobility spectrum disorder" includes people with generalised joint hypermobility, often determined using the Beighton Score, and other symptoms. Those
267:
or categorised as nothing more than perhaps an achy body from lack of exercise, medical professionals may diagnose those affected incorrectly and not adequately investigate the symptoms. Due to these circumstances many affected individuals can live not knowing they have it. As a result, those
192:
The term "hypermobility spectrum disorder" was coined in 2017 after criteria for hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome were made more restrictive. In part, this classification change was designed to address the overlap between joint hypermobility syndrome and what was then known as Ehlers–Danlos
284:
is a requirement for diagnosis with any form of hypermobility spectrum disorder but not for hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. Like hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, hypermobility spectrum disorders are associated with
730:
E. Connelly, A. Hakim, S. Davenport, J. Simmonds. "A study exploring the prevalence of joint hypermobility syndrome in patients attending a musculoskeletal triage clinic." Physiother. Pract. Res., 36 (1) (2015), pp.
719:
272:
who do not meet the
Beighton Score criteria may be diagnosed with historical joint hypermobility spectrum disorder, peripheral hypermobility spectrum disorder, or localised hypermobility spectrum disorder.
189:
Hypermobility spectrum disorders are diagnosed when individuals have symptomatic joint hypermobility but do not meet the criteria for other connective tissue disorders, such as Ehlers–Danlos syndrome.
377:
407:
138:
that affects joints and ligaments. Different forms and sub-types have been distinguished, but it does not include asymptomatic joint hypermobility, sometimes known as
439:"Prevalence of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome: A Retrospective Study"
259:
Being diagnosed with hypermobility syndrome can be a difficult task. There is a lack of wide understanding of the condition and it can be considered a
145:
Symptoms can include the inability to walk properly or for long distances, and pain in affected areas. Some people with HSD have hypersensitive
280:
517:
Issues and
Management of Joint Hypermobility. A Guide for the Ehlers–danlos Syndrome Hypermobility Type and the Hypermobility Syndrome
385:
174:
268:
affected without a proper diagnosis can easily injure themselves and not take proper care to ensure they go about working safely.
304:, particularly exercise, is the main treatment for the condition, although there is only limited evidence for its effectiveness.
196:
Hypermobility syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorders do not include people with asymptomatic hypermobility or people with
276:
279:, the criteria for hypermobile spectrum disorder are less strict. However, these criteria are differentiated from criteria of
415:
747:
200:
but no other symptoms. Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorders may be equally severe.
300:
Treating hypermobility syndrome can be difficult. The condition has no direct cure, but its symptoms can be treated.
693:"Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) vs. hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD): What's the difference?"
408:"Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program"
752:
548:
Castori, Marco; Tinkle, Brad; Levy, Howard; Grahame, Rodney; Malfait, Fransiska; Hakim, Alan (March 2017).
170:
166:
692:
135:
531:
757:
607:
Castori, Marco; Tinkle, Brad; Levy, Howard; Grahame, Rodney; Malfait, Fransiska; Hakim, Alan (2017).
334:
Prevalence of the condition is unknown, but can be high in those attending musculoskeletal services.
71:
285:
666:
264:
197:
89:
8:
158:
85:
465:
438:
139:
80:
648:
640:
589:
581:
470:
56:
630:
620:
571:
561:
460:
450:
289:
260:
243:
Other symptoms can appear and not everyone affected experiences the same symptoms.
162:
103:
609:"A framework for the classification of joint hypermobility and related conditions"
550:"A framework for the classification of joint hypermobility and related conditions"
251:
741:
644:
585:
491:
351:
301:
150:
652:
635:
593:
576:
474:
236:
61:
554:
American
Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics
625:
613:
American
Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics
608:
566:
549:
437:
Kindgren, Erik; Perez, Antonia Quiñones; Knez, Rajna (10 February 2021).
318:
455:
322:
65:
43:
215:
208:
Some common symptoms of hypermobility spectrum disorder include:
154:
93:
178:
263:. As hypermobility syndrome can be easily mistaken for being
146:
606:
547:
221:
Swelling around the joint when joint is being exerted;
486:
484:
378:"Hypermobility Disorders- An Update for Clinicans"
690:
436:
739:
492:"What are the hypermobility spectrum disorders?"
481:
169:. There is a strong association between HSD and
292:disorders, and pelvic and bladder dysfunction.
233:Varying pain levels around the affected areas.
317:Taking over the counter pain killers such as
275:In comparison to the diagnostic criteria of
218:(typically when affected area is the legs);
212:Joint pain (pain can arise in every joint)
70:
42:
634:
624:
575:
565:
464:
454:
314:Placing an ice pack on the affected area;
527:
525:
250:
175:attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
118:), related to earlier diagnoses such as
740:
443:Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
522:
203:
543:
541:
539:
165:connective tissue disorders such as
16:Heritable connective tissue disorder
382:Hypermobility Syndromes Association
13:
277:hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
161:. It is somewhat similar to other
14:
769:
536:
375:
184:
724:
713:
684:
667:"Assessing Joint Hypermobility"
659:
112:Hypermobility spectrum disorder
27:Hypermobility spectrum disorder
600:
509:
430:
400:
369:
344:
1:
337:
329:
307:Treatments for pain include:
519:, Left Paw Press, USA (2008)
311:Bandaging the affected area;
295:
246:
171:neurodevelopmental disorders
128:joint hypermobility syndrome
37:Joint hypermobility syndrome
7:
153:. It can also cause severe
10:
774:
748:Syndromes affecting joints
136:connective tissue disorder
671:The Ehlers–Danlos Society
496:The Ehlers Danlos Society
412:rarediseases.info.nih.gov
356:The Ehlers–Danlos Society
99:
79:
55:
50:
41:
31:
26:
179:autism spectrum disorder
691:Ehlers–Danlos Society.
286:orthostatic tachycardia
167:Ehlers–Danlos syndromes
256:
120:hypermobility syndrome
35:Hypermobility syndrome
700:Ehlers–Danlos Society
254:
227:Weaker immune system;
157:and some cases cause
626:10.1002/ajmg.c.31539
567:10.1002/ajmg.c.31539
90:musculoskeletal pain
753:Syndromes with ADHD
720:Palmer et al., 2014
532:Palmer et al., 2017
456:10.2147/NDT.S290494
159:depressive episodes
86:Joint hypermobility
418:on 20 January 2023
257:
204:Signs and symptoms
198:double-jointedness
140:double-jointedness
134:) is a heritable
109:
108:
51:Hypermobile thumb
21:Medical condition
765:
758:Syndromic autism
732:
728:
722:
717:
711:
710:
708:
706:
697:
688:
682:
681:
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663:
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638:
628:
604:
598:
597:
579:
569:
545:
534:
529:
520:
513:
507:
506:
504:
502:
488:
479:
478:
468:
458:
434:
428:
427:
425:
423:
414:. Archived from
404:
398:
397:
395:
393:
384:. Archived from
373:
367:
366:
364:
362:
348:
290:gastrointestinal
75:
74:
46:
24:
23:
773:
772:
768:
767:
766:
764:
763:
762:
738:
737:
736:
735:
729:
725:
718:
714:
704:
702:
695:
689:
685:
675:
673:
665:
664:
660:
636:1854/LU-8510229
605:
601:
577:1854/LU-8510229
546:
537:
530:
523:
514:
510:
500:
498:
490:
489:
482:
435:
431:
421:
419:
406:
405:
401:
391:
389:
374:
370:
360:
358:
350:
349:
345:
340:
332:
298:
281:other EDS types
261:zebra condition
249:
206:
187:
69:
36:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
771:
761:
760:
755:
750:
734:
733:
723:
712:
683:
658:
619:(1): 148–157.
599:
560:(1): 148–157.
535:
521:
508:
480:
429:
399:
388:on 5 June 2018
368:
352:"What Is HSD?"
342:
341:
339:
336:
331:
328:
327:
326:
315:
312:
297:
294:
265:double-jointed
255:Beighton score
248:
245:
241:
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234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
213:
205:
202:
186:
185:Classification
183:
107:
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101:
97:
96:
83:
77:
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59:
53:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
33:
29:
28:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
770:
759:
756:
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749:
746:
745:
743:
727:
721:
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694:
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672:
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654:
650:
646:
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637:
632:
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603:
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587:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
559:
555:
551:
544:
542:
540:
533:
528:
526:
518:
515:B.T. Tinkle,
512:
497:
493:
487:
485:
476:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
448:
444:
440:
433:
417:
413:
409:
403:
387:
383:
379:
376:Hakim, Alan.
372:
357:
353:
347:
343:
335:
324:
320:
316:
313:
310:
309:
308:
305:
303:
302:Physiotherapy
293:
291:
287:
282:
278:
273:
269:
266:
262:
253:
244:
238:
237:Muscle spasms
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
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211:
210:
209:
201:
199:
194:
190:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
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156:
152:
151:immune system
149:and a weaker
148:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
87:
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78:
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67:
63:
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58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
34:
30:
25:
19:
726:
715:
703:. Retrieved
699:
686:
674:. Retrieved
670:
661:
616:
612:
602:
557:
553:
516:
511:
499:. Retrieved
495:
446:
442:
432:
420:. Retrieved
416:the original
411:
402:
390:. Retrieved
386:the original
381:
371:
359:. Retrieved
355:
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306:
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195:
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188:
144:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
110:
62:Rheumatology
18:
449:: 379–388.
319:paracetamol
230:Muscle pain
224:Depression;
32:Other names
742:Categories
705:31 January
501:20 October
338:References
330:Prevalence
216:Exhaustion
645:1552-4876
586:1552-4876
323:ibuprofen
296:Treatment
247:Diagnosis
57:Specialty
653:28145606
594:28145606
475:33603376
173:such as
81:Symptoms
66:genetics
466:7882457
422:19 June
163:genetic
155:fatigue
126:), and
104:Genetic
94:fatigue
676:30 May
651:
643:
592:
584:
473:
463:
392:30 May
361:30 May
147:nerves
100:Causes
68:
731:43-53
696:(PDF)
707:2019
678:2018
649:PMID
641:ISSN
590:PMID
582:ISSN
503:2020
471:PMID
424:2017
394:2018
363:2018
177:and
631:hdl
621:doi
617:175
572:hdl
562:doi
558:175
461:PMC
451:doi
321:or
132:JHS
124:HMS
116:HSD
744::
698:.
669:.
647:.
639:.
629:.
615:.
611:.
588:.
580:.
570:.
556:.
552:.
538:^
524:^
494:.
483:^
469:.
459:.
447:17
445:.
441:.
410:.
380:.
354:.
288:,
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142:.
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709:.
680:.
655:.
633::
623::
596:.
574::
564::
505:.
477:.
453::
426:.
396:.
365:.
325:.
239:.
130:(
122:(
114:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
