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260:, before making landfall as a Category 3 hurricane on Long Island on Wednesday, September 21. It is estimated that the hurricane killed 682 people, damaged or destroyed more than 57,000 homes, and caused property losses estimated at $ 306 million ($ 4.7 billion in 2024). Also, numerous others estimate the real damage between $ 347 million and almost $ 410 million. Damaged trees and buildings were still seen in the affected areas as late as 1951. It remains the most powerful and deadliest hurricane to ever strike New York and New England in history, perhaps eclipsed in landfall intensity only by the
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the former light keeper and a couple who left their summer cottages near the lighthouse and sought shelter in what they thought was the sturdier light keeper's home. Light keeper George T. Gustavus was thrown free from the wreckage of the house and was saved by an island resident who held a branch into the water from the cliffs farther down the coast. Gustavus and Milton Chase, the owner of the island's power plant, reactivated the light during the storm by running a cable from the plant to the light and installing a light bulb, marking the first time that it was illuminated with electricity.
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484:; this figure remained unchanged in reanalysis and serves as the storm's peak strength, although the reanalysis project noted that "considerable uncertainty" remains regarding the magnitude of the storm's maximum intensity at sea. Concurrently, the hurricane began to interact with the cold front over the East Coast, causing the tropical cyclone to curve northward towards the northeastern United States; the presence of the subtropical ridge to the east and the stationary nature of the frontal boundary prevented the storm from continuing to curve out to sea.
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1200:, where the winds and flooding killed 99 people. In Springfield, the river rose six to 10 feet (3 m) above flood stage, causing significant damage. Up to 6 in (150 mm) of rain fell across western Massachusetts, which combined with over 4 in (100 mm) that had fallen a few days earlier to produce widespread flooding. Flash flooding on the Chicopee River washed away the Chicopee Falls Bridge, while the Connecticut River flooded most of the Willimansett section. Residents of
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641:. The advisory, however, underestimated the storm's intensity and said that it was farther south than it actually was. The office had yet to forward any information about the hurricane to the New York City office. At 10:00 am EDT, the bureau downgraded the hurricane to a tropical storm. The 11:30 am advisory mentioned gale-force winds but nothing about a tropical storm or hurricane.
1137:. Two passengers drowned while attempting to escape before the crew was able to clear the debris and get the train moving. Along the Stonington shorefront, buildings were swept off their foundations and found two miles (3.2 km) inland. Rescuers found live fish and crabs in kitchen drawers and cabinets while searching for survivors in the homes in
834:, this led to some complications to the relief effort. However, the unions made critical exceptions for relief supplies. Moving food supplies to relief depots, ballots for the New York primary before the hurricane hit while people were evacuating, and manning 1,000 relief sanitation trucks deployed by
1354:, it tracked into southern Quebec. By the time the system initially crossed into Canada, it continued to produce heavy rain and very strong winds, but interaction with land had caused the system to weaken significantly. Still, many trees were blown down. Otherwise, damage in this region was minimal.
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with maximum sustained winds of 120 mph (190 km/h) and a pressure of 941 mbar (941 hPa; 27.8 inHg), making it the strongest tropical cyclone to hit the New York City area. It was moving rapidly northward at 47 mph (76 km/h), enhancing the intensity of the winds east
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suffered a direct blow from the storm surge, which measured 17 feet 5 inches (5.31 m) at Sandy Point. The masonry tower was slightly damaged, but the adjoining light keeper's home was utterly destroyed and washed out to sea. The light keeper's wife and son were both killed, as well as
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Over 35% of New
England's total forest area was affected. In all, over 2.7 billion board feet of trees fell because of the storm, although 1.6 billion board feet of the trees were salvaged. The Northeastern Timber Salvage Administration (NETSA) was established to deal with the extreme fire
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In total, 4,500 cottages, farms, and other homes were reported destroyed and 25,000 homes were damaged. Other damages included 26,000 automobiles destroyed and 20,000 electrical poles toppled. The hurricane also devastated the forests of the
Northeast, knocking down an estimated two billion trees in
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storm was 75 mi (120 km) east-southeast of
Atlantic City and would pass over Long Island and Connecticut. Re-analysis of the storm suggests that the hurricane was farther north and just 50 mi (80 km) from Fire Island, and that it was stronger and larger than the advisory stated.
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radio listeners – to the skepticism of his peers – that the hurricane would hit New
England. At 2:00 pm, hurricane-force gusts were occurring on Long Island's South Shore and near hurricane-force gusts on the coast of Connecticut. The Washington office issued an advisory saying that the
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developed just west of
Chicago, generating a strong influx of cooler air from Canada into the eastern United States and thus forming a sharp cold front over the region; this frontal boundary resulted in a channel of moist, tropical air being steered northwards into New England. At 18:00 UTC (2 p.m.
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and wind. Damage was estimated at $ 308 million (equivalent to $ 6.67 billion in 2023), making it among the most costly hurricanes to strike the U.S. mainland. It is estimated that, if an identical hurricane had struck in 2005, it would have caused $ 39.2 billion in damage due to
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both owned large forests managed by their forestry departments, but both forests were wiped out by the hurricane. However, Yale had a backup forest at Great
Mountain in northwestern Connecticut which was spared from the totality of the damages, and they were able to keep their forestry program
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Eastern
Connecticut was on the eastern side of the hurricane. Long Island acted as a buffer against large ocean surges, but the waters of Long Island Sound rose to great heights. Small shoreline towns to the east of New Haven experienced much destruction from the water and winds, and the 1938
441:. It was inferred to have reached hurricane intensity over the central Atlantic by September 15, though ship observations became increasingly sparse as the cyclone tracked farther away from land. The first definitive indication of a tropical cyclone at sea was a report from the Brazilian ship
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was worse, however; total damage there was stated to be $ 500,000 (1938 dollars, $ 6.5 million in 2005), which included the destruction of 10 bridges. Much of the lower downtown burned because floodwaters prevented firefighters from reaching and extinguishing the blaze. Other
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three years earlier. When the storm turned north, the office issued warnings for the
Carolina coast and transferred authority to the bureau's headquarters in Washington. Both the Jacksonville and Washington, DC offices expected the cyclone to reach the ocean off North Carolina and then head
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hurricane holds the record for the worst natural disaster in
Connecticut's 350-year history. The mean low-water storm tide was 14.1 ft (4.3 m) at Stamford, 12.8 ft (3.9 m) at Bridgeport, and 10.58 ft (3.22 m) at New London, which remains a record high.
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registered sustained winds of 121 mph (195 km/h) and a peak gust of 186 mph (299 km/h), which is the strongest hurricane-related surface wind gust ever recorded in the United States. A 50 ft (15 m) wave, the tallest of the storm, was recorded at
1004:. Napatree is now a wildlife refuge with no human inhabitants. Concrete staircases and boardwalk bases destroyed by the hurricane can still be found when sand levels are low on some beaches. The boardwalk along Easton's Beach in Newport was completely destroyed by the storm.
499:. At 12:00 UTC (8 a.m. EST) that day, the storm was estimated to have a barometric pressure of 940 mbar (940 hPa; 28 inHg); this is the hurricane's lowest documented pressure. At 19:45 UTC (3:45 p.m. EST), the hurricane made landfall on Long Island over
717:. Due to the lack of technology in 1938, Long Island residents were not warned of the hurricane's arrival, leaving no time to prepare or evacuate. " The winds reached up to 150 mph (240 km/h), with waves surging to around 25–35 feet (7.6–10.7 m) high.
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noted that the knowledge of the storm's existence at the time remained tenuous until
September 17 when the cyclone had already increased to a hurricane. Based on land and marine observations, the reanalysis project concluded that the 1938 hurricane began as a
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of the center; in addition, its forward motion displaced its center of circulation 17 mi (27 km) away from the point of minimum barometric pressure. Weather Bureau forecaster Charles Pierce argued that the hurricane became extratropical off of the
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model of a 100-year storm, and one estimate is that this water level "reflects a storm occurring roughly once every 400 years." A study of sand deposits also gives evidence that this was the strongest hurricane to hit Rhode Island in over 300 years. The
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at the head of New London Harbor was found on a sand bar two miles (3.2 km) away. Interior sections of the state experienced widespread flooding as the hurricane's torrential rains fell on soil already saturated from previous storms. The
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was first swept by the winds and storm surge, after which the waterfront business district caught fire and burned out of control for 10 hours. Stately homes along Ocean Beach were leveled by the storm surge. The permanently anchored 240-ton
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received considerable damage. As in Vermont, very high winds brought down numerous trees and electric lines, but rainfall totals in New Hampshire were significantly less than those in other states. Only 1 inch (25 mm) of rain fell in
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508:, though Charles J. Neumann, Frances P. Ho, and the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project suggested that it was tropical but in the process of extratropical transition at landfall. Afterwards, it quickly tracked across Long Island and
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around 8:00 pm. Hurricane-force winds caused extensive damage to trees, buildings, and power lines. Over 2,000 miles (3,200 km) of public roads were blocked, and it took months for crews to reopen some of the roads. In
973:, seven children were killed when their school bus was blown into Mackerel Cove. Mobs looted stores in downtown Providence, often before the flood waters had fully subsided and due in part to the economic difficulties of the
905:. Many other smaller roads were wiped away in the storm surge. So extensive was the storm surge and overwash on eastern Long Island, that rescue works had to use utility maps to figure out were roads and homes had been.
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into New England. A noon meeting was called and Pierce presented his conclusion, but he was overruled by "celebrated" chief forecaster Charles Mitchell and his senior staff. In Boston, meteorologist E.B. Rideout told his
460:) within hurricane-force winds on September 17. Based on this observation, the hurricane had maximum sustained winds of 125 mph (201 km/h), making it the equivalent of a high-end Category 3 hurricane on the
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on September 9 off the coast of West Africa, but the United States Weather Bureau was unaware that a tropical cyclone existed until September 16 when ships reported strong winds and rough seas 350 miles northeast of
792:. The highest winds were from the north to northwest on the back side of the storm. The storm surge was 8.5 ft (2.6 m) at the Battery and the Mean Low Water storm tide was 16.75 ft (5.11 m) at
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The orientation of Eastern Long Island facing due south, made it extremely exposed to the storm surge and intense winds. The estimated peak storm tide in parts of eastern Long Island was 20 ft (6.1 m).
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New York and New England. Freshwater flooding was minimal, however, as the quick passage of the storm decreased local rainfall totals, with only a few small areas receiving over 10 inches (250 mm).
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recorded sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) with gusts to 80 mph (130 km/h), and a gust of 90 mph (140 km/h) was recorded 500 ft (150 m) above ground at the
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suffered substantial damage. The storm blew down the movie theater on Front Street in Greenport on the North Fork of Long Island. The fishing industry was destroyed, as was half of the apple crop.
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just off the coast of West Africa at 12:00 UTC (8 a.m. Eastern Standard Time) on September 9, becoming the sixth tropical cyclone of the season. The depression gradually strengthened, becoming a
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waded to safety from her Old Saybrook beach home, narrowly escaping death. She stated in her 1991 book that 95% of her personal belongings were either lost or destroyed, including her first
965:, it was restricted by the Bay's funnel shape and rose to 15.8 ft (4.8 m) above normal spring tides, resulting in more than 13 feet (4.0 m) of water in some areas of downtown
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Many homes and structures were destroyed along the coast, as well as many structures inland along the hurricane's path, and entire beach communities were obliterated on the coast.
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1938:
Landsea, Christopher W.; Hagen, Andrew; Bredemeyer, William; Carrasco, Cristina; Glenn, David A.; Santiago, Adrian; Strahan-Sakoskie, Donna; Dickinson, Michael (August 12, 2013).
625:, office of the weather bureau issued a warning on September 19 that a hurricane might hit Florida. Residents and authorities made extensive preparations, as they had endured the
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Landsea, Christopher W.; Hagen, Andrew; Bredemeyer, William; Carrasco, Cristina; Glenn, David A.; Santiago, Adrian; Strahan-Sakoskie, Donna; Dickinson, Michael (March 12, 2014).
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1334:, buildings and trees were damaged and power outages occurred. Storm surge was minimal, and winds remained below hurricane strength. The storm did not claim any lives in Maine.
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The metropolitan area escaped the worst of the wind and storm surge because it was hit by the storm's weaker western side. Winds were recorded at 60 mph (97 km/h) at
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EST) on September 19, the tropical cyclone strengthened further into a Category 5-equivalent hurricane with sustained winds of 160 mph (260 km/h) while north of the
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hazard that the fallen timber had created. In many locations, roads from the fallen tree removal were visible decades later, and some became trails still used today. The
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The western periphery of the hurricane brought heavy rain and gusty winds to Delaware and southeastern Maryland. Damage, if any, is believed to have been minimal.
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were stranded for days and relied on air-dropped food and medicine. After the flood receded, the town's Main Street was a chasm in which sewer pipes could be seen.
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Ten new inlets were created on eastern Long Island. The surge rearranged the sand at the Cedar Point Lighthouse so that the island became connected to what is now
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was completed in 1966 because of the massive flooding from the 1938 storm, and from the even higher 14.4-foot (4.4 m) storm surge that resulted from 1954's
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by 00:00 UTC on September 22 (September 21, 8:00 p.m. EST). Following this transition, the remnants continued to weaken before they dissipated over southeastern
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and full moon, and the hurricane produced storm tides of 14 to 18 feet (5 m) along most of the Connecticut coast, with 18 to 25-foot (8 m) tides from
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The storm surge was especially violent along the Rhode Island coastline, sweeping hundreds of summer cottages out to sea. As the surge drove northward through
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four days later, making it a Category 5-equivalent hurricane. The storm was propelled northward, rapidly paralleling the East Coast before making landfalls on
1280:. The storm killed five people in Vermont. Sugar maple groves were damaged. It is the only system on record to have entered the state as a tropical cyclone.
621:. Normally, tropical cyclones approach the eastern Bahamas then slowly recurve north and northeast off the United States East Coast and move out to sea. The
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873:, residents of 50 homes needed to be rescued by rowboat when heavy rain the previous few days combined with the rain from the hurricane to overflow a pond.
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Following landfall, the storm merges with the trough of low-pressure, isolating it from tropical air and completing extratropical transition on September 22
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2011:
Schott, Timothy; Landsea, Chris; Hafele, Gene; Lorens, Jeffrey; Taylor, Arthur; Thurm, Harvey; Ward, Bill; Willis, Mark; Zaleski, Walt (February 1, 2012).
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The extratropical low pulls in cold air from the north, allowing it to strengthen and develop a cold front over the Eastern United States on September 19
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was obliterated, resulting in 29 deaths. There were 21 other deaths through the rest of the east end of Long Island. The storm surge temporarily turned
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284:. It reached hurricane strength on September 15 and continued to strengthen to a peak intensity of 160 mph (260 km/h) near the southeastern
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That day, 28 year-old rookie Charles Pierce was standing in for two veteran meteorologists. He concluded that the storm would be squeezed between a
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As the hurricane accelerated northward, it gradually weakened. On the morning of September 21, it passed roughly 75 mi (121 km) east of
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and dozens of cottages washed into the ocean. Crops sustained wind damage. The maximum recorded wind gust was 70 mph (110 km/h) at
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by carving out a large section of barrier island separating Shinnecock Bay from the Atlantic. The storm toppled the landmark steeple of the
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got stuck in the terminal with 200 passengers aboard. Bridges and tunnels into Manhattan were closed until the following afternoon. 95% of
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as a slightly weaker hurricane with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h), making it one of only three recorded tropical cyclones to hit
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3132:"Fire, floods, flu: Natural disasters in Vermont – At nature's mercy: Vermonters prove their mettle through floods, flu, and blizzards"
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under eight feet of water. Two-thirds of the boats sank in New Bedford harbor. Several homes were washed away on Atlantic Boulevard in
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The hurricane continued to slowly strengthen and track westward at around 20 mph (32 km/h) about the southern periphery of a
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as a Category 3 hurricane on September 21, with estimated sustained winds of 115–120 mph. After moving inland, it transitioned into an
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In New York City and Long Island, schools were dismissed early. Extensive street flooding occurred because debris blocked drains. The
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2683:"Mayor Proclaims Truck Emergency; Uses City Fleet; Sanitation Vehicles Manned by Strikers After Employers Reject City Hall Proposal"
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to strike the United States. The storm formed near the coast of Africa on September 9, becoming a Category 5 hurricane on the
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A major hurricane is a storm that ranks as Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. According to the
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The strengthening of the subtropical ridge over Bermuda steers the hurricane west, while an extratropical low forms over the
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At 9:00 am EDT on September 21, the Washington office issued northeast storm warnings north of Atlantic City and south of
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Development of synoptic features contributing to the track and extratropical transition of the 1938 New England hurricane
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The western side of the hurricane caused sustained tropical storm-force winds, high waves, and storm surge along the
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was swept off its base and into the waves, killing lighthouse keeper Walter Eberle. His body was never found. The
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A New Deal for Disaster: The 'Hurricane of 1938' and Federal Disaster Relief Operations, Suffolk County, New York
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communities also suffered considerable damage to forest resources. In New Hampshire, 13 people perished. At
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September 1938: The most powerful hurricane on record to ever impact the region makes landfall near Fire Island.
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2140:. NYC's Risk Landscape: A Guide to Hazard Mitigation (Report). New York, New York: City of New York. p. 49
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Extratropical transition gradually begins as the hurricane interacts with the frontal boundary on September 21
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Landsea, Chris (June 1, 2016). "E23) What is the complete list of continental U.S. landfalling hurricanes?".
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army airfield was buffeted by winds of nearly 100 mph (160 km/h) and was under knee-deep water. In
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recorded the highest water level of the storm at 11.5 feet (4 m) above mean sea level, according to a
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with sand and other natural earth minerals, creating an additional common border between Winthrop and
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was completely swept away, a small cape that housed nearly 40 families between the Atlantic Ocean and
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as major hurricanes since 1900. The storm rapidly weakened, completing extratropical transition over
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The US Weather Bureau was not aware of the existence of the 1938 hurricane until it was northeast of
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was under 3 feet (1 m) of water at the height of the storm, and the boardwalk was destroyed in
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located to the west and a high-pressure area to the east, and that it would be forced to ride up a
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review of book: 'Thirty-Eight, The Hurricane that Transformed New England', by Stephen Long 2016
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for several minutes to a few hours. Railroad and ferry services were suspended for a time. The
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running, which maintains operation today. Harvard's program, however, was reduced as a result.
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The hurricane begins to be pulled northward by the quasi-stationary cold front on September 20
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30:"Long Island Express" redirects here. For the auxiliary Interstate Highway signed I-495, see
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Taken by Storm, 1938: A Social and Meteorological History of the Great New England Hurricane
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3037:"Daily Discussion and Climate Summary – Anniversary of Great New England Hurricane of 1938"
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The Weather Doctor Almanac 2008 The Great Hurricane of 1938: The Long Island Express Part 2
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in the aftermath of the hurricane; the Travelers Insurance Co. building appears in the back
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2344:"New England 'Blowdown' Timber and Forest Fire Hazard Caused by the Sept. 1938 Hurricane"
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as a Category 1 hurricane at approximately 6:00 pm EDT, reaching northern Vermont,
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in that it did not take the typical track as it approached the area of the southeastern
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2164:"A3) What is a super-typhoon? What is a major hurricane? What is an intense hurricane?"
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from New Haven to Providence was particularly hard hit, as countless bridges along the
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National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, New York; Roger K. Brickner (2015).
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transforming Deer Island at the peninsula's southern tip into an island by name only.
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Ultimately the storm became the deadliest and costliest storm in Connecticut history.
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1940:"On-line Supplement for A Reanalysis of the 1931 to 1943 Atlantic Hurricane Database"
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were destroyed or flooded, severing rail connections to badly affected towns such as
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3446:"Natural restocking of forests following the 1938 hurricane in Central New England"
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2450:"One for the Ages: The Hurricane of 1938 Battered New England's Woods 75 Years Ago"
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2081:"Timeline of Events from 'The Long Island Express: Tracking the Hurricane of 1938'"
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1410:– A major hurricane that passed through New England in 2011, following its landfall
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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
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1821:(16). Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 6093–6118.
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Yacht Club. Similar scenes occurred in other locations on the north shore. The
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3214:"Hurricane Hazards in the Northeast – A Re-appraisal based on recent research"
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was washed clean of its text when its vault was flooded in a Providence bank.
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2775:"Hurricane Loss Put at least $ 100,000,000 Long Island Press January 2, 1939"
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Surface weather map depicting the hurricane's first landfall on Long Island.
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shows how federal relief efforts led to the modern disaster-response system
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Oliver Peterson (June 13, 2007). "Push is on to rebuild church steeple".
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3504:
2984:
2821:
2106:
National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office Boston, Massachusetts.
2012:
3490:
800:
449:
144:
889:. About 50 people perished in the storm's wake. The Dune Road area of
885:
A mean low water storm tide of 8 ft (2.4 m) was recorded at
3373:
What Do You Do with a Disaster?' Providence and the Hurricane of 1938
3069:"September 21, 1938: Storm of the Century hits Boston's Braves Field"
812:
808:
788:. Winds were estimated at 120 mph (190 km/h) on top of the
3472:
1300:
Even though the storm center tracked further west, through Vermont,
2286:"Ranked Using 2005 Inflation, Population, and Wealth Normalization"
1219:, and their foundations can still be found on the beach today. The
986:
830:
During the hurricane, starting before it hit and continuing after,
2058:(8). Washington, D.C.: American Meteorological Society: 237–285.
1997:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1949:. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1891:(9). Washington, D.C.: Americal Meteorological Society: 286–288.
1787:. Miami, Florida: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1288:
1260:
1107:, buildings were found as wreckage across coastal roads. Actress
832:
a citywide trucker strike occurred across both NYC and New Jersey
724:
618:
525:
521:
472:
301:
285:
281:
2709:"22 Sep 1938, p. 9 – The Brooklyn Daily Eagle at Newspapers.com"
2200:(FAQ). 4.9. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
2172:(FAQ). 4.9. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
1479:, those three cyclones were the 1938 New England hurricane, the
938:
2048:"The Meteorological History of the Hurricane of Sept. 21, 1938"
1196:
The eye of the storm followed the Connecticut River north into
209:
51:
Weather map from September 21 depicting the storm off the
3096:"The Great Hurricane of 1938: The Long Island Express, Part 3"
2864:
NewportRI.com l News and information for Newport, Rhode Island
2417:"1938 'Long Island Express' Hurricane: could it happen again?"
1937:
1805:
1157:
was forced out of its banks, inundating cities and towns from
861:
was forced to wait out the storm on the second floor of their
3275:. New England Remembers. Beverly, MA: Commonwealth Editions.
1331:
1036:
3190:
2542:. US Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Weather Service
2239:. US Department of Commerce, NOAA, National Weather Service
1192:
Devastated landscape around Marchmont on September 23, 1938
953:
Water levels of the 1815 and 1938 hurricanes are marked at
720:
654:
340:
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
335:
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
3405:
A Wind to Shake the World: The Story of the 1938 Hurricane
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
969:. Several motorists were drowned in their automobiles. In
408:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
360:
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
355:
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
2752:
2650:"Truck Strike's End To Be Asked Today; Relief Food Moved"
2065:
10.1175/1520-0493(1939)67<237:TMHOTN>2.0.CO;2
2010:
1808:"A Reanalysis of the 1931–43 Atlantic Hurricane Database"
1620:"$ 306,000,000 in 1938 is worth $ 6,734,734,468.09 today"
1416:– A powerful storm that caused significant damage in the
807:(Con Ed) plant at 133rd Street, causing power to fail in
350:
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
3384:
Thirty-Eight: The Hurricane That Transformed New England
3292:
Thirty-Eight, The Hurricane that Transformed New England
1035:
study. This storm level is 3 feet (1 m) above the
771:
345:
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2431:
2212:
1906:
10.1175/1520-0493(1938)66<286:HOST>2.0.CO;2
1569:. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 2003. Archived from
1537:"The Great Hurricane of 1938 - The Long Island Express"
188:
Southeastern United States, Northeastern United States
2960:"Dennis Bowman: '38 Hurricane was no '100-year storm'"
2617:"Truck Firms Halt the Mayor's Plan; Drivers Accept It"
2018:. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. p. 3
1779:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory.
897:
into an island as it flooded across the South Fork at
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2370:"The Great Hurricane of 1938 – Peeling Back the Bark"
2300:"The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996"
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
857:
was heavily damaged. The wife of New York City mayor
2517:
1509:"Hurricane Sandy Isn't NYC's First Freak Superstorm"
1477:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
1361:
827:
lost power, where floods brought traffic to a halt.
756:. The surge inundated several coastal communities;
637:, and southeast storm warnings from Block Island to
365:
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
2237:"The Great New England Hurricane of 1938 – History"
1799:
1125:, beach cottages were flattened or swept away. The
3597:
3011:"Katharine Hepburn's Beloved Summer Home for Sale"
2731:
1976:"Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)"
1920:
1444:List of wettest tropical cyclones in Massachusetts
697:. An additional 708 people were reported injured.
670:A postcard view of flooding from the hurricane at
989:—including the entire coastline of Rhode Island.
4258:
3211:
3186:"Long Island Express Hurricane – September 1938"
2928:
2926:
2748:"WGBH American Experience. The Hurricane of '38"
2473:
2471:
2161:
977:. The tide was higher than usual because of the
252:) was one of the deadliest and most destructive
3129:
3024:Hurricane of 1938: Connecticut's Worst Disaster
2812:
2311:
2309:
2189:
2187:
1756:"How a hurricane changed New England's forests"
1653:. New York Annual Meeting October 18–21, 1998.
1567:"Sudden Sea – The Great Hurricane of 1938"
512:before making a second and final landfall near
2953:
2951:
2193:
2072:
1675:
1239:The storm filled in a former waterway between
1023:The original parchment of the 1764 Charter of
685:Approximately 600 people died in the storm on
448:which documented a barometric pressure of 958
271:on September 16th. The storm developed into a
4018:
3583:
2923:
2468:
2438:R, J. "The Long Island Express". weatherwise.
2126:
4190:
4185:
4178:
4173:
4142:
4137:
4118:
4113:
4094:
4089:
4070:
4065:
3238:
3026:, Connecticuthistory.org, September 21, 2019
2853:
2851:
2590:
2588:
2410:
2408:
2306:
2184:
2133:Van Lenten, Christine, ed. (November 2014).
1871:
1869:
1867:
1772:
4287:1938 natural disasters in the United States
3517:The 1938 New England Hurricane Introduction
3401:
3369:
3268:
3243:. Canadian Hurricane Centre. Archived from
2948:
2087:. Upton, New York: National Weather Service
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
1420:in 2012, mostly as an extratropical cyclone
1350:As the hurricane was transitioning into an
1243:'s Point Shirley neighborhood and Boston's
838:with supplies after the hurricane had hit.
4372:September 1938 events in the United States
4025:
4011:
3590:
3576:
3402:Scotti, R. A.; Allen, Everett S. (2003) .
3088:
2806:
2792:"Hurricane of 1938 May Still Be the Champ"
2483:
2132:
682:changes in population and infrastructure.
677:The majority of the storm damage was from
219:
45:
3480:
2935:"Storm Tides in Twelve Tropical Cyclones"
2848:
2585:
2540:"The Great New England Hurricane of 1938"
2405:
2381:
2379:
2108:"The Great New England Hurricane of 1938"
2099:
2063:
2013:"The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale"
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1904:
1875:
1864:
1678:"A Hurricane Andrew Message for Insurers"
707:New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad
307:
246:Great Long Island - New England Hurricane
3387:. New Haven, CN: Yale University Press.
3241:"History of Tropical Cyclones in Canada"
3157:
2112:NWS Boston – The Great Hurricane of 1938
2030:
1753:
1560:
1558:
1506:
1337:
1287:
1187:
1175:
1071:
1055:
948:
937:
665:
608:
486:
311:
3548:Costliest Atlantic hurricanes on Record
3426:Sudden Sea: The Great Hurricane of 1938
3335:Bergman, Jonathan C. (September 2007).
3334:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2272:United States National Hurricane Center
2085:The Great New England Hurricane of 1938
1878:"Hurricane of September 16 to 22, 1938"
1617:
740:and destroyed much of the boardwalk in
424:in 2012, and Weather Bureau forecaster
14:
4259:
3422:
3315:
3216:. Fairfield University. Archived from
3074:Society for American Baseball Research
2957:
2829:"Weather History of the '38 Hurricane"
2385:
2376:
2114:. Boston, MA: National Weather Service
2045:
1961:
1876:Tannehill, Ivan Ray (September 1938).
1747:
1593:"New England Numbers Hurricane of '38"
1531:
1529:
1429:List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
876:
4357:Natural disasters in New York (state)
4006:
3571:
3443:
3348:
3008:
2414:
2388:"Dreading a Replay of 1938 Hurricane"
2155:
2004:
1555:
772:New York City and western Long Island
418:Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project
3380:
3370:Goudsouzian, Aram (September 2004).
3355:. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
3289:
3158:Cotterly, Wayne (October 21, 2012).
2958:Bowman, Dennis (September 5, 2015).
2932:
2911:. Brown University. 1945. p. 31
2567:"Catastrophe: Abyss from the Indies"
2554:
2496:. National Park Service. Summer 1991
1726:
1676:Karen M. Clark (November 12, 2017).
1449:
924:. The steeple has not been rebuilt.
920:, which was the tallest building in
3320:. American Meteorological Society.
2985:"Fox Point Hurricane Barrier Facts"
1754:Lefebvre, Paul (October 19, 2016).
1526:
1507:Voorhees, Josh (October 29, 2012).
1464:Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
1121:, which was later found intact. In
462:Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
24:
4362:Natural disasters in New York City
4214:
4209:
4202:
4197:
3429:. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
3408:. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
3309:
3239:Staff Writer (September 7, 2005).
3130:Nancy Bazilchuk (March 29, 1999).
2675:
2046:Pierce, Charles H. (August 1939).
1655:Record of the Society of Actuaries
1599:. Yankee Magazine. August 19, 2008
1564:
901:and obliterated the tracks of the
803:flowed three blocks and flooded a
25:
4383:
4367:Natural disasters in Rhode Island
4226:
4221:
4154:
4149:
4106:
4101:
3498:
2906:"The Charter of Brown University"
2857:
2162:Goldenburg, Stan (June 1, 2016).
1182:Winchendon Springs, Massachusetts
4352:Natural disasters in Connecticut
4267:1930s Atlantic hurricane seasons
4241:
4240:
4130:
4125:
4082:
4077:
4043:
3986:
3977:
3976:
3341:. Vol. 20. pp. 15–39.
2386:Rather, John (August 28, 2005).
1992:
1781:"Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale"
1392:
1378:
1364:
1283:
1184:taken during the summer of 1938.
1171:
912:. The surging water created the
613:The 1938 hurricane suprised the
593:
581:
569:
557:
541:
400:
390:
380:
262:Great Colonial Hurricane of 1635
4166:
4161:
4058:
4053:
3376:. Vol. 62. pp. 26–48.
3262:
3232:
3205:
3178:
3160:"New England Hurricane of 1938"
3151:
3123:
3114:
3061:
3029:
3017:
3002:
2977:
2898:
2885:"Prudence Island Light history"
2877:
2784:
2767:
2722:
2701:
2642:
2609:
2508:
2442:
2362:
2336:
2292:
2278:
2260:
2251:
1765:. Barton, Vermont. p. B1.
1469:
1456:
1292:Damage done to pine forests in
933:
4332:Hurricanes in New York (state)
4297:Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
4035:1938 Atlantic hurricane season
3599:Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
3009:Glink, Ilyce (July 12, 2011).
2419:. Home and Garden, Hampton.com
1720:
1695:
1669:
1647:An Actuary Reads the Newspaper
1638:
1611:
1585:
1500:
1439:List of New England hurricanes
1051:
422:1938 Atlantic hurricane season
258:Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale
232:1938 Atlantic hurricane season
13:
1:
2581:– via content.time.com.
2437:
1481:1944 Great Atlantic hurricane
1236:was called during the storm.
1180:Aerial photo of Marchmont in
731:
250:Long Island Express Hurricane
27:Category 5 Atlantic hurricane
2480:. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
1494:
1207:To the east, the surge left
811:north of 59th Street and in
615:United States Weather Bureau
475:. On September 18, a strong
134:160 mph (260 km/h)
7:
4327:Hurricanes in New Hampshire
4317:Hurricanes in Massachusetts
3316:Aviles, Lourdes B. (2012).
1434:List of Delaware hurricanes
1424:List of Atlantic hurricanes
1357:
1042:Fox Point Hurricane Barrier
10:
4388:
4337:Hurricanes in Rhode Island
3510:November 12, 2012, at the
3444:Spurr, Stephen H. (1956).
3269:Goudsouzian, Aram (2004).
3100:The Weather Doctor Almanac
2257:Goudsouzian, pp. 11–12, 57
2197:Frequently Asked Questions
2169:Frequently Asked Questions
1978:(Database). United States
1703:"Hurricane 1938 Aftermath"
1657:. Vol. 24, no. 3
1626:. Official Data Foundation
1418:Northeastern United States
1254:
1133:became stuck in debris at
1091:In the shoreline towns of
752:between Atlantic City and
635:Block Island, Rhode Island
242:1938 New England Hurricane
109:Category 5 major hurricane
40:1938 New England hurricane
29:
4322:Hurricanes in New England
4302:Hurricanes in Connecticut
4236:
4050:
4041:
4033:Tropical cyclones of the
3972:
3943:
3896:
3837:
3814:
3785:
3756:
3715:
3692:
3675:
3628:
3605:
3556:
3545:
3529:
3352:The Great Hurricane: 1938
3294:. Yale University Press.
3212:Nicholas K. Coch (2005).
3137:The Burlington Free Press
1980:National Hurricane Center
1835:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00503.1
1345:
944:Island Park, Rhode Island
661:
244:(also referred to as the
227:
215:
184:
176:$ 306 million (1938
172:
164:
159:
138:
130:
114:
107:
92:
82:
67:
60:
44:
3992:Tropical cyclones portal
2317:"Damage Caused by Storm"
1624:CPI Inflation Calculator
1372:Tropical cyclones portal
1325:
1294:Wolfeboro, New Hampshire
630:harmlessly out to sea.
3522:The Long Island Express
2860:"I was never so scared"
2728:Goudsouzian, pp. 13–14
2596:"The Hurricane of 1938"
2268:"Hurricanes in History"
1466:was formulated in 1969.
998:Little Narragansett Bay
983:New London, Connecticut
910:Cedar Point County Park
4347:History of Long Island
4307:Hurricanes in Delaware
3423:Scotti, R. A. (2008).
3381:Long, Stephen (2016).
3349:Burns, Cherie (2005).
3290:Long, Stephen (2016).
2964:The Providence Journal
2656:. September 19, 1938.
2623:. September 27, 1938.
2052:Monthly Weather Review
1885:Monthly Weather Review
1785:Miami Regional Library
1297:
1296:, 1938, by Peter Roome
1193:
1185:
1115:for her appearance in
1084:
1069:
958:
946:
754:Brigantine, New Jersey
715:Westerly, Rhode Island
674:
650:trough of low pressure
514:New Haven, Connecticut
492:
437:less than a day after
413:
308:Meteorological history
62:Meteorological history
32:Long Island Expressway
4342:Hurricanes in Vermont
4292:Cape Verde hurricanes
3272:The Hurricane of 1938
3047:Milton, Massachusetts
3042:Blue Hill Observatory
2350:on September 22, 2013
1543:on September 25, 2014
1352:extratropical cyclone
1338:Maryland and Delaware
1291:
1221:Blue Hill Observatory
1191:
1179:
1075:
1066:Hartford, Connecticut
1059:
1017:Prudence Island Light
952:
941:
903:Long Island Rail Road
790:Empire State Building
687:Long Island, New York
669:
623:Jacksonville, Florida
609:Forecasting the storm
490:
477:extratropical cyclone
439:tropical cyclogenesis
406:Extratropical cyclone
315:
298:extratropical cyclone
290:Long Island, New York
3536:(San Felipe Segundo)
3505:The Hurricane of '38
3220:on September 4, 2006
3049:. September 21, 2010
2689:. September 28, 1938
1727:Lane, F. W. (1966).
1386:United States portal
672:Buzzards Bay station
327:Saffir–Simpson scale
300:and dissipated over
139:Lowest pressure
4312:Hurricanes in Maine
4277:1938 in the Bahamas
3465:1956Ecol...37..443S
3120:Goudsouzian, page 5
2794:. September 3, 2010
2415:Flotteron, Nicole.
1897:1938MWRv...66..286T
1827:2014JCli...27.6093L
918:Old Whaler's Church
877:Eastern Long Island
859:Fiorello La Guardia
817:Staten Island Ferry
805:Consolidated Edison
786:Daily News Building
748:was destroyed over
627:Labor Day Hurricane
431:tropical depression
396:Subtropical cyclone
273:tropical depression
41:
3648:"Cuba–Brownsville"
3247:on October 2, 2006
3013:. CBS Money Watch.
2815:East Hampton Press
2687:The New York Times
2654:The New York Times
2621:The New York Times
2514:Goudsouzian, p. 13
2491:"HABS No. NJ-1032"
2454:Northern Woodlands
1947:Journal of Climate
1815:Journal of Climate
1573:on January 2, 2007
1298:
1259:The storm entered
1194:
1186:
1085:
1070:
959:
947:
675:
646:high-pressure area
501:Bellport, New York
493:
471:centered over the
426:Ivan Ray Tannehill
414:
151:); <27.76
131:Highest winds
116:1-minute sustained
100:September 23, 1938
96:September 23, 1938
88:September 22, 1938
39:
4254:
4253:
4000:
3999:
3566:
3565:
3557:Succeeded by
3436:978-0-316-73911-5
3394:978-0-300-20951-8
3327:978-1-878220-37-0
3301:978-0-300-20951-8
3282:978-1-889833-75-0
2933:Jarvinen, Brian.
2573:. October 3, 1938
2323:on April 30, 2006
1730:The Elements Rage
1450:Explanatory notes
1232:game against the
1155:Connecticut River
1109:Katharine Hepburn
1007:A few miles from
891:Westhampton Beach
746:Brigantine Bridge
528:on September 23.
510:Long Island Sound
469:subtropical ridge
304:on September 23.
254:tropical cyclones
238:
237:
207:
168:682 to 800 direct
75:September 9, 1938
71:September 9, 1938
18:Hurricane of 1938
16:(Redirected from
4379:
4282:1938 meteorology
4244:
4243:
4224:
4212:
4200:
4188:
4176:
4164:
4152:
4140:
4128:
4116:
4104:
4092:
4080:
4068:
4056:
4047:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4004:
4003:
3990:
3980:
3979:
3683:"Great Atlantic"
3592:
3585:
3578:
3569:
3568:
3540:1926 Great Miami
3530:Preceded by
3527:
3526:
3494:
3484:
3450:
3440:
3419:
3398:
3377:
3366:
3345:
3331:
3305:
3286:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3166:on March 1, 2012
3162:. Archived from
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3127:
3121:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3092:
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3027:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2989:providenceri.com
2981:
2975:
2974:
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2893:
2891:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2855:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2831:. Archived from
2825:
2819:
2818:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2771:
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2429:
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2424:
2412:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2383:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2346:. Archived from
2340:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2319:. Archived from
2313:
2304:
2303:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2249:
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2210:
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2147:
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2096:
2094:
2092:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2043:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2017:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1972:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1944:
1935:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1882:
1873:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1812:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1682:Actuarial Review
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1652:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1562:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1539:. Archived from
1533:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1504:
1488:
1473:
1467:
1460:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1129:passenger train
1076:Tobacco barn in
1025:Brown University
1013:Whale Rock Light
1009:Conanicut Island
979:autumnal equinox
975:Great Depression
963:Narragansett Bay
955:Old Market House
914:Shinnecock Inlet
836:Mayor La Guardia
597:
585:
573:
561:
545:
482:Turks and Caicos
404:
403:
394:
393:
386:Tropical cyclone
384:
383:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
223:
189:
155:
110:
103:
101:
78:
76:
63:
49:
42:
38:
21:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4054:
4048:
4037:
4031:
4001:
3996:
3968:
3939:
3892:
3833:
3810:
3781:
3752:
3711:
3688:
3671:
3624:
3601:
3596:
3562:
3551:
3543:
3537:
3535:
3533:1928 Okeechobee
3512:Wayback Machine
3501:
3473:10.2307/1930166
3448:
3437:
3416:
3395:
3363:
3328:
3312:
3310:Further reading
3302:
3283:
3265:
3260:
3250:
3248:
3237:
3233:
3223:
3221:
3210:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3167:
3156:
3152:
3142:
3140:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3079:
3077:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3022:
3018:
3007:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2956:
2949:
2937:
2931:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2856:
2849:
2838:
2836:
2835:on May 13, 2006
2827:
2826:
2822:
2811:
2807:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2746:
2745:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2576:
2574:
2565:
2564:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2476:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2396:
2394:
2384:
2377:
2372:. June 8, 2010.
2368:
2367:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2326:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2192:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2160:
2156:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2077:
2073:
2044:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2005:
1993:
1985:
1983:
1982:. April 5, 2023
1974:
1973:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1942:
1936:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1880:
1874:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1810:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1777:
1773:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1725:
1721:
1711:
1709:
1707:The PBS Network
1701:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1563:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1517:
1515:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1485:Hurricane Carol
1474:
1470:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1414:Hurricane Sandy
1408:Hurricane Irene
1398:
1393:
1391:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1348:
1340:
1328:
1286:
1257:
1174:
1054:
1046:Hurricane Carol
936:
879:
847:Port Washington
774:
734:
664:
639:Eastport, Maine
611:
606:
605:
604:
601:
598:
589:
586:
577:
574:
565:
562:
553:
552:on September 18
546:
535:
534:
412:
411:
410:
409:
401:
398:
391:
388:
381:
378:
372:
371:
367:
366:
362:
361:
357:
356:
352:
351:
347:
346:
342:
341:
337:
336:
332:
330:
321:
317:
310:
228:
208:, southwestern
160:Overall effects
142:
108:
99:
97:
74:
72:
61:
56:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4385:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4272:1938 in Canada
4269:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4220:
4208:
4196:
4184:
4172:
4160:
4148:
4136:
4124:
4112:
4100:
4088:
4076:
4064:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4030:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4007:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3984:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3960:
3954:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3931:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3907:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3825:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3744:
3738:
3732:
3726:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3703:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3616:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3595:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3572:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3555:
3544:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3500:
3499:External links
3497:
3496:
3495:
3482:2027.42/119055
3459:(3): 443–451.
3441:
3435:
3420:
3414:
3399:
3393:
3378:
3367:
3361:
3346:
3332:
3326:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3300:
3287:
3281:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3231:
3204:
3177:
3150:
3122:
3113:
3087:
3060:
3028:
3016:
3001:
2976:
2947:
2922:
2897:
2876:
2847:
2820:
2805:
2783:
2766:
2730:
2721:
2700:
2674:
2641:
2608:
2584:
2553:
2516:
2507:
2482:
2467:
2441:
2430:
2404:
2392:New York Times
2375:
2361:
2335:
2305:
2291:
2277:
2259:
2250:
2211:
2183:
2154:
2125:
2098:
2071:
2029:
2003:
1960:
1919:
1863:
1798:
1771:
1746:
1739:
1733:. p. 16.
1719:
1694:
1668:
1637:
1610:
1597:NewEngland.com
1584:
1565:Scotti, R. A.
1554:
1525:
1513:Slate Magazine
1498:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1468:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1411:
1404:
1403:
1389:
1375:
1359:
1356:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1327:
1324:
1316:Mt. Washington
1285:
1282:
1269:Lake Champlain
1256:
1253:
1173:
1170:
1053:
1050:
994:Napatree Point
935:
932:
887:Port Jefferson
878:
875:
871:Williston Park
773:
770:
733:
730:
663:
660:
610:
607:
603:
602:
599:
592:
590:
587:
580:
578:
575:
568:
566:
563:
556:
554:
547:
540:
537:
536:
532:
531:
530:
435:tropical storm
399:
389:
379:
374:
373:
331:
324:
323:
322:
319:
318:
309:
306:
236:
235:
225:
224:
213:
212:
190:(particularly
186:
185:Areas affected
182:
181:
174:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
157:
156:
140:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
112:
111:
105:
104:
94:
90:
89:
86:
80:
79:
69:
65:
64:
58:
57:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4384:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4247:
4239:
4238:
4235:
4229:
4217:
4205:
4193:
4181:
4169:
4157:
4145:
4133:
4121:
4109:
4097:
4085:
4073:
4061:
4046:
4040:
4036:
4028:
4023:
4021:
4016:
4014:
4009:
4008:
4005:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3667:
3666:"New England"
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3593:
3588:
3586:
3581:
3579:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3561:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3541:
3534:
3528:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3421:
3417:
3415:0-316-03426-6
3411:
3407:
3406:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3368:
3364:
3362:0-87113-893-X
3358:
3354:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3303:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3246:
3242:
3235:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3165:
3161:
3154:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3126:
3117:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3080:September 21,
3076:
3075:
3070:
3064:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3025:
3020:
3012:
3005:
2994:September 19,
2990:
2986:
2980:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2952:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2927:
2907:
2901:
2886:
2880:
2865:
2861:
2854:
2852:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2816:
2809:
2793:
2787:
2776:
2770:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2725:
2710:
2704:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2541:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2511:
2492:
2486:
2479:
2474:
2472:
2456:. Autumn 2013
2455:
2451:
2445:
2434:
2418:
2411:
2409:
2393:
2389:
2382:
2380:
2371:
2365:
2354:September 22,
2349:
2345:
2339:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2310:
2301:
2295:
2287:
2281:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2254:
2238:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2199:
2198:
2190:
2188:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2136:
2129:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1999:public domain
1986:September 23,
1981:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1764:
1763:The Chronicle
1757:
1750:
1742:
1740:0-8019-5088-0
1736:
1732:
1731:
1723:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1656:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1625:
1621:
1618:Ian Webster.
1614:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1559:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1499:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1465:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1400:Canada portal
1390:
1387:
1376:
1373:
1362:
1355:
1353:
1343:
1335:
1333:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1302:New Hampshire
1295:
1290:
1284:New Hampshire
1281:
1279:
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3853: (2004)
3847: (2003)
3830: (1998)
3824: (1992)
3807: (1989)
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3795: (1980)
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3772: (1977)
3766: (1971)
3749: (1969)
3743: (1967)
3737: (1966)
3731: (1961)
3725: (1961)
3708: (1955)
3702: (1953)
3685: (1944)
3668: (1938)
3665:
3662: (1935)
3656: (1933)
3644: (1932)
3638: (1932)
3621: (1928)
3619:"Okeechobee"
3615: (1924)
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1309:. Damage at
1299:
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1234:Chicago Cubs
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1167:
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1105:Old Saybrook
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1086:
1082:Sheldon Dick
1060:Flooding in
1022:
1006:
1000:just off of
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960:
957:, Providence
934:Rhode Island
928:Wading River
926:
907:
884:
880:
851:J. P. Morgan
840:
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782:Battery Park
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738:Jersey Shore
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241:
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230:
229:Part of the
200:Rhode Island
115:
53:Mid-Atlantic
36:
3660:"Labor Day"
3538:(Tied with
2890:February 9,
2869:October 11,
2798:February 9,
2759:February 9,
2714:February 9,
2601:February 9,
2577:February 9,
2546:February 9,
2460:February 9,
2243:February 9,
1712:October 10,
1687:October 10,
1661:October 10,
1547:February 9,
1320:Cog Railway
1245:Deer Island
1213:New Bedford
1080:, 1938, by
1078:Connecticut
1052:Connecticut
691:Connecticut
679:storm surge
550:Great Lakes
518:Connecticut
506:Outer Banks
294:Connecticut
269:Puerto Rico
192:Connecticut
4261:Categories
4192:Depression
4180:Depression
4144:Depression
4120:Depression
4096:Depression
4072:Depression
3197:August 20,
3143:August 19,
3106:August 20,
3053:August 20,
1518:August 23,
1274:Montpelier
1265:Burlington
1226:Gloucester
1217:Fall River
1163:Middletown
1145:New London
1135:Stonington
1127:NYNH&H
1002:Watch Hill
967:Providence
942:Damage in
922:Sag Harbor
865:cottage.
853:estate in
801:East River
766:Sandy Hook
732:New Jersey
711:Shore Line
376:Storm type
165:Fatalities
93:Dissipated
3654:"Tampico"
3636:"Bahamas"
2915:April 10,
2662:0362-4331
2629:0362-4331
2327:April 30,
1843:0894-8755
1495:Citations
1278:Castleton
1150:lightship
1131:Bostonian
1101:Westbrook
985:east to
971:Jamestown
863:Northport
855:Glen Cove
813:the Bronx
809:Manhattan
689:, and in
4246:Category
3982:Category
3508:Archived
3170:March 1,
2204:June 15,
2176:June 15,
2144:June 15,
2118:June 15,
2091:June 15,
2022:June 15,
1953:June 15,
1912:June 15,
1856:June 15,
1791:June 15,
1630:April 8,
1603:April 8,
1487:in 1954.
1358:See also
1241:Winthrop
1209:Falmouth
1159:Hartford
1123:Old Lyme
987:Cape Cod
899:Napeague
762:Bay Head
758:Wildwood
456:; 28.29
445:Alegrete
370:Unknown
278:San Juan
248:and the
196:New York
143:<940
3934:Lorenzo
3922:Michael
3904:Matthew
3863:Katrina
3799:Gilbert
3747:Camille
3491:1930166
3461:Bibcode
3453:Ecology
3251:May 20,
3224:May 20,
2839:May 13,
2693:June 7,
2667:July 6,
2634:July 6,
2500:May 19,
1893:Bibcode
1851:1785238
1823:Bibcode
1307:Concord
1261:Vermont
1255:Vermont
1097:Clinton
1093:Madison
1029:Newport
895:Montauk
725:Harvard
619:Bahamas
526:Ontario
522:Vermont
473:Bermuda
320:Map key
302:Ontario
286:Bahamas
282:Bahamas
217:IBTrACS
98: (
73: (
3928:Dorian
3845:Isabel
3822:Andrew
3741:Beulah
3729:Hattie
3723:Esther
3650:(1933)
3642:"Cuba"
3613:"Cuba"
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3391:
3359:
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3279:
3102:. 2008
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1346:Quebec
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1249:Boston
1139:Mystic
1103:, and
744:. The
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210:Quebec
202:, and
173:Damage
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4204:Seven
4108:Three
3963:Beryl
3944:2020s
3916:Maria
3897:2010s
3887:Felix
3875:Wilma
3857:Emily
3838:2000s
3828:Mitch
3815:1990s
3793:Allen
3786:1980s
3776:David
3770:Anita
3764:Edith
3757:1970s
3716:1960s
3706:Janet
3700:Carol
3693:1950s
3676:1940s
3629:1930s
3606:1920s
3560:Carol
3487:JSTOR
3449:(PDF)
2938:(PDF)
2909:(PDF)
2778:(PDF)
2494:(PDF)
2138:(PDF)
2135:"4.1"
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1943:(PDF)
1881:(PDF)
1847:S2CID
1811:(PDF)
1759:(PDF)
1651:(PDF)
1332:Maine
1326:Maine
1113:Oscar
1037:SLOSH
819:boat
120:SSHWS
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4228:Nine
4156:Five
4132:Four
3910:Irma
3881:Dean
3869:Rita
3851:Ivan
3805:Hugo
3735:Inez
3553:1938
3431:ISBN
3410:ISBN
3389:ISBN
3357:ISBN
3322:ISBN
3296:ISBN
3277:ISBN
3253:2009
3226:2009
3199:2013
3191:NOAA
3172:2012
3145:2013
3108:2013
3082:2024
3055:2013
2996:2013
2971:2015
2942:NOAA
2917:2017
2892:2017
2871:2016
2841:2006
2800:2017
2761:2017
2716:2017
2695:2023
2669:2023
2658:ISSN
2636:2023
2625:ISSN
2603:2017
2579:2017
2571:Time
2548:2017
2502:2018
2462:2017
2425:2012
2399:2012
2356:2013
2329:2006
2245:2017
2206:2016
2178:2016
2146:2016
2120:2016
2093:2016
2024:2016
1988:2024
1955:2016
1914:2016
1858:2016
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1793:2016
1735:ISBN
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1663:2021
1632:2024
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1549:2017
1520:2019
1462:The
1228:. A
1211:and
1202:Ware
1033:NOAA
723:and
721:Yale
693:and
655:WEEI
458:inHg
450:mbar
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