2590:
2503:
2518:
2489:
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2167:
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43:
4137:
2147:
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766:
123:
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2187:, acting as regent in Bohemia, hurriedly collected a force of mercenaries and tried to gain control of Prague, which led to severe fighting. After a considerable part of the city had been damaged or destroyed, the parties declared a truce on 13 November. The nobles, sympathetic to the Hussite cause, but supporting the regent, promised to act as mediators with Sigismund, while the citizens of Prague consented to restore to the royal forces the castle of
3021:
5102:
2656:
3137:
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3123:
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2680:, which had been under Utraquist rule, espoused the doctrine of Tábor and called Žižka to its aid. After several military successes gained by Žižka in 1423 and the following year, a treaty of peace between the Hussite factions was concluded on 13 September 1424 at Libeň, a village near Prague (now part of that city).
2411:
accepted that the
Kingdom of Bohemia was an elective monarchy elected by the nobles, and thus, the regent of the kingdom (Čeněk of Wartenberg) also explicitly stated that Sigismund had not been elected as a reason for Sigismund's claim to not be accepted. A firm adherent of the Church of Rome, Sigismund was aided by
2140:"), where several were killed by the fall, after a rock was allegedly thrown from the town hall and hit Želivský. It has been suggested that Wenceslaus was so stunned by the defenestration that it caused his death on 16 August 1419. Alternatively, it is possible that he may have just died of natural causes.
2928:
The moderate party thus obtained the upper hand and wanted to find a compromise between the council and the
Hussites. It formulated its demands in a document which was accepted by the Church of Rome in a slightly modified form, and which is known as "the compacts". The compacts, mainly founded on the
2812:
The almost uninterrupted series of victories of the
Hussites now rendered vain all hope of subduing them by force of arms. Moreover, the conspicuously democratic character of the Hussite movement caused the German princes, who were afraid that such ideas might spread to their own countries, to desire
2672:
of
Denmark, who had landed in Germany with a large force intending to take part in the crusade, soon returned to his own country. Free for a time from foreign threat, the Hussites invaded Moravia, where a large part of the population favored their creed, but paralysed again by dissensions, they soon
2446:
3. The secular power over riches and worldly goods which the clergy possesses in contradiction to Christ's precept, to the prejudice of its office and to the detriment of the secular arm, shall be taken and withdrawn from it, and the clergy itself shall be brought back to the evangelical rule and an
2580:
Bohemia was for a time free from foreign intervention, but internal discord again broke out, caused partly by theological strife and partly by the ambition of agitators. On 9 March 1422, Jan Želivský was arrested by the town council of Prague and beheaded. There were troubles at Tábor also, where a
2423:
in
Bohemia". Sigismund and many German princes arrived before Prague on 30 June at the head of a vast army of crusaders from all parts of Europe, largely consisting of adventurers attracted by the hope of pillage. They immediately began a siege of the city, which had, however, soon to be abandoned.
2256:
in March 1420. In these battles, Žižka employed transport carriages as wagon forts to stop the enemy's cavalry charge. The main weight of the fighting rested on militiamen armed with cold weapons, but firearms shooting from behind the safety of the wagon forts proved to be very effective. Following
2240:
When the
Hussite revolt started in 1419, the Hussite militias heavily depended on converted farm equipment and weapons looted from castle and town armories, including early firearms. Hussite militia comprised mostly commoners without prior military experience and included both men and women. Use of
2260:
Throughout 1420 and most of 1421, the
Hussite tactical use of wagon forts and firearms was defensive. The wagon's wall was stationary, and firearms were used to break the initial charge of the enemy. After this, firearms played an auxiliary role, supporting mainly cold weapons-based defense at the
2410:
After the death of his childless brother
Wenceslaus, Sigismund inherited a claim on the Bohemian crown, though it was then, and remained until much later, in question whether Bohemia was a hereditary or an elective monarchy, especially since the line through which Sigismund claimed the throne had
2634:
On his departure, civil war broke out, the
Taborites opposing in arms the more moderate Utraquists, who at this period are also called by the chroniclers the "Praguers", as Prague was their principal stronghold. On 27 April 1423, Žižka now again leading, the Taborites defeated the Utraquist army
2667:
Papal influence had succeeded in calling forth a new crusade against
Bohemia, but it resulted in complete failure. In spite of the endeavours of their rulers, Poles and Lithuanians did not wish to attack the kindred Czechs; the Germans were prevented by internal discord from taking joint action
2300:
The year 1421 marked not only a shift in the importance of firearms, from auxiliary to primary weapons of Hussite militia, but also the establishment of the Čáslav diet of formal legal duty for all inhabitants to obey the call to arms of the elected provisional government. For the first time in
2296:
Late in the night between 21 and 22 December 1421, Žižka ordered an attack against the enemy's main camp. The attack was conducted by using a gradually moving wagon wall. Instead of the usual infantry raids beyond the wagons, the attack relied mainly on the use of ranged weapons from the moving
1935:), he suppressed the religion of the Hussites, yet it continued to spread. When King Wenceslaus IV died of natural causes a few years later, the tension stemming from the Hussites grew stronger. In Prague and various other parts of Bohemia, the Catholic Germans living there were forced out.
2236:
Late 14th and early 15th century saw gradually increasing use of firearms in siege operations both by defenders and attackers. Weight, lack of accuracy and cumbersome use of early types limited their employment to static operations and prevented wider use in open battlefield or by civilian
2199:(25 March 1420), the first pitched battle of the Hussite Wars. After Sudoměř, he moved to Ústí, one of the earliest meeting places of the Hussites. Not considering its situation sufficiently strong, he moved to the neighboring new settlement of the Hussites, called by the biblical name of
2071:
Disorder broke out in various parts of Bohemia and drove many Catholic priests from their parishes. Almost from the beginning, the Hussites were divided into two main groups, though many minor divisions also arose among them. Shortly before his death, Hus had accepted the doctrine of
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and, in 1567, obtained the repeal of the Compacts which no longer seemed sufficiently far-reaching. From the end of the 16th century, the inheritors of the Hussite tradition in Bohemia were included in the more general name of "Protestants" borne by the adherents of the Reformation.
1946:
against the Hussites, and large numbers of crusaders came from all over Europe to fight. They made early advances, forcing the Hussites back and taking Prague. However, the Hussites reorganized and took back nearly all the land they had lost, resulting in the failure of the crusade.
2822:, and representatives of all Christian creeds, should also be present. Before definitely giving its consent to peace negotiations, the Roman Church determined on making a last effort to reduce the Hussites to subjection; this resulted in the fifth Crusade against the Hussites.
2777:. These raids were against countries that had supplied the Germans with men during the anti-Hussite crusades, to deter further participation. However, the raids did not have the desired effect; these countries kept supplying soldiers for the crusades against the Hussites.
2293:. Žižka positioned his forces between the town of Kutná Hora, which pledged allegiance to the Hussite cause, and the main camp of the enemy, leaving supplies in the well-defended town. However uprising of ethnic German townsmen led the town into Crusader's control.
2502:
2589:
2304:
Firearms design underwent fast development during the Hussite Wars, and their civilian possession became a matter of course throughout the war as well as after its end in 1434. The word used for one type of handheld firearm used by the Hussites,
2214:—and by rejecting most of the ceremony of the Roman Catholic Church. The ecclesiastical organization of Tabor had a somewhat puritanical character, and the government was established on a thoroughly democratic basis. Four captains of the people (
2968:
At the end of the Hussite Wars in 1431, the lands of Bohemia had been totally ravaged. According to some estimates, the population of the Czech lands, estimated at 2.80–3.37 million around 1400, fell to 1.50–1.85 million by 1526. The adjacent
2622:
His authority was recognized by the Utraquist nobles, the citizens of Prague, and the more moderate of the Taborites, but he failed to bring the Hussites back into the church. On a few occasions, he fought against both the Taborites and the
2556:. After an unsuccessful attempt of storming the city, the crusaders retreated somewhat ingloriously on hearing that the Hussite troops were approaching. Sigismund only arrived in Bohemia at the end of 1421. He took possession of the town of
2442:
2. The sacrament of the most Holy Eucharist shall be freely administered in the two kinds, that is bread and wine, to all the faithful in Christ who are not precluded by mortal sin – according to the word and disposition of Our Saviour.
3062:, a member of the Brethren, claimed for the members of his church that they were the genuine inheritors of the doctrines of Hus. After the beginning of the German Reformation, many Utraquists adopted to a large extent the doctrines of
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in Germany was left in such bad shape after the Hussite Wars that the impoverishment of the people was still evident in 1476. The poor conditions contributed directly to the peasant conspiracy that broke out that same year in
2237:
individuals. Nevertheless, lack of guild monopolies and low training requirements led to their relatively low price. This together with high effectiveness against armour led to their popularity for castle and town defenses.
2182:
The death of Wenceslaus resulted in renewed troubles in Prague and in almost all parts of Bohemia. Many Catholics, mostly Germans—mostly still faithful to the Pope—were expelled from the Bohemian cities. Wenceslaus's widow
3094:
2478:), and towards the end of October 1420 the garrison was on the point of capitulating through famine. Sigismund tried to relieve the fortress but was decisively defeated by the Hussites on 1 November near the village of
2047:
to end the Schism and resolve other religious controversies. Hus went to the Council, under a safe-conduct from Sigismund, but was imprisoned, tried, and executed on 6 July 1415. The knights and nobles of Bohemia and
1962:, but none achieved their objectives. The Lithuanians and Poles did not wish to attack the Czechs, Germany was having internal conflicts and could not muster up a sufficient force to battle the Hussites, and the
2858:
and began besieging it. On 14 August, a Hussite relief army arrived, reinforced with some 6,000 Polish Hussites and under the command of Prokop the Great, and it completely routed the crusaders at the resulting
2517:
2898:, and many others, arrived at Basel on 4 January 1433. No agreement could be reached, but negotiations were not broken off, and a change in the political situation of Bohemia finally resulted in a settlement.
2257:
this experience, Žižka ordered mass manufacturing of war wagons according to a universal template as well as manufacturing of new types of firearms that would be more suitable for use in the open battlefield.
3997:
dictated a letter threatening to lead a crusading army against the Hussites unless they returned to "the Catholic Faith and the original Light". This link contains a translation of the letter plus notes and
3623:"Historie civilního držení zbraní: Zřízení o ručnicích – česká zbraňová legislativa v roce 1524 [History of civilian firearms possession: Enactment on Firearms – Czech firearms legislation in 1524]"
2817:
which had been summoned to meet on 3 March 1431. The Roman See reluctantly consented to the presence of heretics at this council but indignantly rejected the suggestion of the Hussites that members of the
2286:. The wagons and firearms were used on the move, at this point still only defensively. Žižka avoided the main camp of the enemy and employed the moving wagon forts in order to cover his retreating troops.
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4. All mortal sins, and in particular all public and other disorders, which are contrary to God's law shall in every rank of life be duly and judiciously prohibited and destroyed by those whose office it
843:
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On 15 October 1431, the Council of Basel issued a formal invitation to the Hussites to take part in its deliberations. Prolonged negotiations ensued, but a Hussite embassy, led by Prokop and including
2713:
Despite this result, the death of Jan Žižka caused many, including Pope Martin V, to believe that the Hussites were much weakened. Martin proclaimed yet another crusade in 1427. He appointed Cardinal
2068:. He had been persuaded by the Council that Hus was a heretic. He sent threatening letters to Bohemia declaring that he would shortly drown all Wycliffites and Hussites, greatly incensing the people.
1022:
3032:
The Utraquist creed, frequently varying in its details, continued to be that of the established church of Bohemia until all non-Catholic religious services were prohibited shortly after the
2727:
Korybut was imprisoned in 1427 for allegedly conspiring to surrender the Hussite forces to Sigismund of Hungary. He was released in 1428 and participated in the Hussite invasion of Silesia.
871:
2552:) was sternly suppressed by Žižka. Shortly afterwards, a new crusade against the Hussites was undertaken. A large German army entered Bohemia and in August 1421 laid siege to the town of
2730:
After a few years, Korybut returned to Poland with his men. Korybut and his Poles did not really want to leave, but the pope threatened to call a crusade against Poland if they did not.
2804:
later wrote that they had "greeted the sea with a wild Czech song about God's warriors, and filled their water bottles with brine in token that the Baltic once more obeyed the Slavs."
3395:. In some cases, German burghers took part in a defense of city during a Hussite siege. This seriously caused hostility between the Slavic Czechs and the German population of Bohemia.
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medieval European history, this was not put in place in order to fulfill duties to a feudal lord or to the church, but in order to participate in the defense of the country.
1012:
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The Kingdom of Bohemia under the Hussite movement was controlled by various Hussite unions (factions) led by hetmans (military commanders), the most strongest of which were
909:
2706:
In 1426, the Hussites were attacked again by foreign enemies. In June 1426, Hussite forces, led by Prokop and Sigismund Korybut, significantly defeated the invaders in the
2012:. His preaching was widely heeded in Bohemia, and provoked suppression by the church, which had declared many of Wycliffe's ideas heretical. In 1411, in the course of the
3341:), where were incorporated into Hungarian forces as mercenaries. During the invasion they were characterized by cruelty to civilians and increased plundering of villages.
3979:
2125:, near the spot where the town of Tábor was founded soon afterwards. At these meetings, they violently denounced Sigismund, and the people everywhere prepared for war.
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The Holy Sacrament is to be given freely in both kinds to all Christians in Bohemia and Moravia, and to those elsewhere who adhere to the faith of these two countries.
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1414:
889:
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meaning "crowd" for its intended use of shooting stone and iron shots against mass enemy forces). Other types of firearms commonly used by the Hussites included
2241:
crossbows and firearms became critical as those weapons didn't require extensive training, nor did their effectiveness rely on the operator's physical strength.
1192:
3622:
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2950:(Iglau), in Moravia, by King Sigismund, the Hussite delegates, and the representatives of the Roman Catholic Church. The latter, however, refused to recognize
2548:, for a time obtained almost unlimited authority over the lower classes of the townsmen, and at Tábor, a religious communistic movement (that of the so-called
2036:
in Bohemia. Hus bitterly denounced this and explicitly quoted Wycliffe against it, provoking further complaints of heresy but winning much support in Bohemia.
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peace. Many Hussites, particularly the Utraquist clergy, were also in favour of peace. Negotiations for this purpose were to take place at the ecumenical
1197:
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5067:
3056:– to a certain extent continued the Taborite traditions, and in the 15th and 16th centuries included most of the strongest opponents of Rome in Bohemia.
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In spite of the departure of many prominent Hussites, the troubles at Prague continued. On 30 July 1419, a Hussite procession headed by the priest
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to the Council of Constance on 2 September 1415, which condemned the execution of Hus in the strongest language. This angered Sigismund, who was "
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1238:
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Firearms were first used in the field as a provisional last resort together with wagon forts. Significantly outnumbered Hussite militia led by
1270:
4004:
3555:"Unikátní české výročí: 600 let civilního držení palných zbraní [Unique Czech anniversary: 600 years of civilian firearms possession]"
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1954:, internal strife followed. Seeing that the Hussites were weakened, the Germans undertook another crusade but were defeated by Žižka at the
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preached during his absence by his adherents at Prague: the obligation of the faithful to receive communion in both kinds, bread and wine (
2008:
denounced what he judged as the corruption of the church and the papacy, and he promoted some of the reformist ideas of English theologian
3417:
The Poles supported the Czech Hussites in their efforts, except when Hussitism spread to Poland. The Polish Hussites were defeated in the
2439:
1. The word of God shall be preached and made known in the kingdom of Bohemia freely and in an orderly manner by the priests of the Lord.
2683:
Sigismund Korybut, who had returned to Bohemia in 1424 with 1,500 troops, helped broker this peace. After Žižka's death in October 1424,
2631:
with Sigismund of Hungary in 1423, they recalled Sigismund Korybut to Lithuania, under pressure from Sigismund of Hungary and the pope.
2482:. The castles of Vyšehrad and Hradčany now capitulated, and shortly afterwards, almost all Bohemia fell into the hands of the Hussites.
2459:, who considered them prejudicial to the authority of the pope. Hostilities therefore continued. However, Sigismund was defeated at the
2455:
These articles, which contain the essence of the Hussite doctrine, were rejected by King Sigismund, mainly through the influence of the
2136:
in Prague and threw the king's representatives, the burgomaster, and some town councillors from the windows into the street (the first "
5161:
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2800:. There, they performed a great victory celebration to show that nothing but the ocean could stop the Hussites. The Prussian historian
2644:
31:
2997:. Matthias invaded with the pretext of returning Bohemia to Catholicism. The Czech Catholic Estates elected Matthias King of Bohemia.
2901:
In 1434, war again broke out between the Utraquists and the Taborites. On 30 May 1434, the Taborite army, led by Prokop the Great and
1988:
and formed a major spontaneous military power. The Hussite Wars were notable for the extensive use of early handheld firearms such as
4486:
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supported the Hussite revolution in the hope of receiving the Bohemian royal crown for itself. For this purpose the Lithuanian duke
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of England as the papal legate of Germany, Hungary, and Bohemia, to lead the crusader forces. The crusaders were defeated at the
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level of the wagon wall. Counterattacks were done by cold weapons-armed infantry and cavalry charges outside of the wagon forts.
2206:
Tábor soon became the center of the most militant Hussites, who differed from the Utraquists by recognizing only two sacraments—
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1711:
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of 1485 finished a long series of religious conflicts in the Czech lands and constituted a definitive end to the Hussite Wars.
2615:. Vytautas accepted it, with the condition that the Hussites reunite with the Catholic Church. In 1422, Žižka accepted Prince
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The Hussites invaded parts of Germany several times, but they made no attempt to occupy permanently any part of the country.
2687:
took command of the Taborites. Korybut, who had come in defiance of Władysław II and Vytautas, also became a Hussite leader.
472:
1966:
left the Czech border to go back to his home. As the conflicts went on, the Hussites also made raids into German territory.
2864:
1942:, who had inherited the throne, was outraged by the spread of Hussitism. He received permission from the pope to launch a
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4906:
3720:"An Alsatian Nobleman's Account of the Second Crusade against the Hussites: New Edition, Translation, and Interpretation"
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in 1620. The Taborite party never recovered from its defeat at Lipany, and after the town of Tábor had been captured by
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The first mobile use of war wagons and firearms took place during the Hussite breakthrough of Catholic encirclement at
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of Poland, who, under pressure from his own advisors, refused it. The crown was then offered to Władysław's cousin,
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Under the influence of Sigismund, Wenceslaus endeavoured to stem the Hussite movement. A number of Hussites led by
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During the Hussite Wars, the Hussites launched raids against many bordering countries. The Hussites called them
2431:". This document, the most important of the Hussite period, ran, in the wording of the contemporary chronicler,
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2080:). This doctrine became the watchword of the moderate Hussites known as the Utraquists or Calixtines, from the
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wagons. Nighttime use of firearms proved extremely effective, not only practically but also psychologically.
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Compromise between moderate Hussites and the Catholic Church; both join forces to fight the radical Hussites
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2191:, which had fallen into their hands. Žižka, who disapproved of this compromise, left Prague and retired to
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The word of God is to be freely and truthfully preached by the priests of the Lord, and by worthy deacons.
2891:
2784:, some Hussite troops helped the Poles. In 1433, a Hussite army of 7,000 men marched through Neumark into
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1955:
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3465:. New York Public Library: Cincinnati : Jennings and Graham ; New York : Eaton and Mains.
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but whose actual founders were Brother Gregory, a nephew of Archbishop Rokycany, and Michael, curate of
2540:
Internal troubles prevented the followers of Hus from fully capitalizing on their victory. At Prague, a
1744:
204:, signed by Emperor Sigismund and Catholic and Hussite representatives, effectively end the Hussite Wars
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2195:. Unable to maintain himself there he marched to southern Bohemia. He defeated the Catholics at the
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The moderate Hussites are recognized by the Catholic Church and allowed to practice their own rite
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came to Bohemia and was designed by the Hussites as their additional hetman (military commander).
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is set in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (mostly Silesia and Bohemia) during the Hussite Wars.
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The first true engagement where firearms played primary role happened a month later during the
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2218:) were elected, one of whom was Žižka, and a very strict military discipline was instituted.
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and forbade all Catholics from continuing to serve him. In 1468, the Kingdom of Bohemia was
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The priests in the time of the law of grace shall claim no ownership of worldly possessions.
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The "Praguers" were a Hussite union in central Bohemia and centered in the capital city of
3199:
The Hussite movement was formed by pilgrims and followers in southern and western Bohemia,
3111:, focuses on a girl named Šárka who joins the Hussite Wars after the deaths of her family.
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of Plzeň remained the major power of the Bohemian loyalists and Catholicism of the entire
2757:("glorious rides"). Especially under the leadership of Prokop the Great, Hussites invaded
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as archbishop of Prague, who had been elected to that dignity by the estates of Bohemia.
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2867:" ("Ye Who are Warriors of God"), the invading papal forces immediately took to flight.
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and the Roman Catholic Church and were allowed to practice their somewhat variant rite.
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2796:. They eventually reached the mouth of the Vistula where it enters the Baltic Sea near
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All mortal sins shall be punished and extirpated by those whose office it is so to do.
2863:. According to legend, upon seeing the Hussite banners and hearing their battle hymn "
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4710:
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4685:
4552:
4458:
4403:
4296:
4197:
4177:
4171:
4101:
4086:
3958:
3939:
3915:
3881:
3853:
3825:
3803:
3764:
3739:
3587:
3293:
3079:
2994:
2669:
2616:
2603:. Because of this, Jan Žižka arranged for the crown of Bohemia to be offered to King
2593:
2545:
2184:
2129:
2061:
1963:
1814:
1619:
1536:
1427:
1332:
1126:
820:
760:
671:
659:
543:
431:
201:
169:
3761:
Treitschke's Origins of Prussianism (Routledge Revivals) : the Teutonic Knights
1774:
5062:
5011:
5006:
4946:
4911:
4823:
4780:
4750:
4672:
4590:
4560:
4393:
3735:
3731:
3388:
3174:
2906:
2879:
2814:
2718:
2707:
2684:
2660:
2029:
1849:
1809:
1804:
1651:
1614:
1579:
1574:
1472:
1442:
1407:
1337:
1310:
1215:
1067:
1044:
1031:
875:
862:
834:
806:
751:
738:
733:
585:
570:
521:
462:
317:
173:
2905:, who both fell in the battle, was totally defeated and almost annihilated at the
5072:
4986:
4956:
4680:
4597:
4364:
4306:
4008:
3933:
3929:
3798:
3221:
3082:
2951:
2887:
2847:
2695:
2628:
2357:
1978:
1901:
1834:
1624:
1549:
1450:
1387:
1382:
1357:
1342:
1327:
1177:
680:
409:
384:
256:
195:
2627:
to try to force them into reuniting. After Władysław II and Vytautas signed the
2339:
1912:
and other Hussite spin-offs. These wars lasted from 1419 to approximately 1434.
4976:
4921:
4875:
4828:
4808:
4652:
4575:
4443:
4328:
4280:
4240:
4164:
3435:
3405:
3334:
3313:
3277:
3128:
2714:
2318:
2306:
2245:
2088:
2013:
1951:
1644:
1544:
1397:
1362:
1347:
1202:
723:
643:
150:
4022:
3522:
3503:
2114:), a name they adopted after the death of their leader and general Jan Žižka.
5140:
4735:
4448:
4316:
4246:
4192:
3179:
3063:
2854:, crossed the Bohemian border. On 8 August the crusaders reached the town of
2793:
2412:
2121:
left Prague. They held meetings in various parts of Bohemia, particularly at
2009:
1372:
1367:
1352:
1322:
983:
765:
533:
528:
489:
484:
4018:
3508:. University of Toronto Library: London : Dent, New York : Dutton.
2557:
2528:
1904:, as well as various Hussite factions. At a late stage of the conflict, the
4901:
4602:
4122:
3477:
2982:
2912:
The Polish Hussite movement also came to an end. Polish royal troops under
2851:
2456:
1989:
1460:
651:
2855:
2427:
The united Hussites formulated their demands in a statement known as the "
2313:, later found its way through German and French into English as the term "
5052:
4755:
4662:
4544:
4234:
4223:
4182:
3994:
3367:
3067:
2895:
2619:
of Lithuania (nephew of Władysław II) as regent of Bohemia for Vytautas.
2466:
Though Sigismund had retired from Prague, his troops held the castles of
2200:
2033:
1908:
changed sides in 1432 to fight alongside Roman Catholics and opposed the
1685:
1477:
989:
946:
447:
222:
3438:, along with others, perhaps survived the wars and then lived in secret.
2975:
2471:
2467:
2188:
4627:
4513:
4218:
3876:
3848:
3404:
Participated in the Third anti-Hussite Crusade under the leadership of
2424:
Negotiations took place for a settlement of the religious differences.
2349:
1993:
1932:
1905:
4027:
3820:
3053:
3020:
2870:
2479:
4936:
4705:
4359:
4354:
4096:
3217:
2655:
2541:
2211:
2099:
2073:
1974:
1970:
1909:
697:
328:
251:
3338:
30:"Bohemian Wars" redirects here. For the later war over Bohemia, see
4971:
4848:
4725:
4372:
4349:
4228:
4158:
4080:
3353:
was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 1433. Until that, he had invaded
3225:
2789:
2624:
2608:
2549:
2326:
2017:
1984:
The Hussite community included much of the Czech population of the
1943:
1889:
1280:
707:
688:
538:
405:
333:
293:
284:
274:
261:
237:
228:
114:
3204:
3200:
2946:
On 5 July 1436, the compacts were formally accepted and signed at
2553:
2192:
2107:
451:
4612:
4274:
4117:
3583:
A History of the Crusades: The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries
3320:
was the king of Hungary and at the same time the king of Croatia.
3263:
The Hussites of Žatec and Louny were a union in Northern Bohemia.
3229:
3136:
3010:
3006:
2998:
2947:
2785:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2758:
2416:
2207:
2153:
2049:
2005:
1916:
703:
388:
343:
122:
3783:
Frederick Engels, "The Peasant War in Germany" contained in the
3040:
in 1452, Utraquist religious worship was established there. The
2419:"for the destruction of the Wycliffites, Hussites and all other
3384:
3330:
3242:
2797:
2762:
2743:
2447:
apostolic life such as that which Christ and his apostles led.
2420:
2393:
2365:
2314:
1977:
faction. The Hussites agreed to submit to the authority of the
1950:
After the reins of the Hussite army were handed over to yeoman
1920:
1897:
1172:
625:
425:
2508:
Jan Žižka with a Hussite priest looking over Prague after the
2352:). As regards cannons, apart from houfnice, Hussites employed
2081:
1959:
3785:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 10
3763:(ebook ed.). Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 128.
188:
The radical Hussites are defeated, and their rites forbidden
1248:
3799:
Jan Hus: Religious Reform and Social Revolution in Bohemia
4503:
indicate their inclusion to be controversial or disputed.
1915:
The unrest began after pre-Protestant Christian reformer
1726:
3517:
3515:
3024:
The battle of Wenzenbach between the troops of Emperor
2248:
repulsed surprise assaults by heavy cavalry during the
3512:
3254:
The Orebites were a Hussite union in Eastern Bohemia.
3013:
proper remained faithful to George of Poděbrady. The
2474:. The citizens of Prague laid siege to Vyšehrad (see
3911:
Warrior of God: Jan Žižka and the Hussite Revolution
3608:
Warrior of God: Jan Zizka and the Hussite Revolution
3118:
2584:
1969:
The wars eventually ended in 1434 when the moderate
3548:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3430:Considered and persecuted by Hussites as heretics.
2871:
New negotiations and the defeat of radical Hussites
2834:Hussites persecuting the German soldiers after the
2643:; shortly afterwards an armistice was concluded at
2576:
Lands of the Bohemian Crown during the Hussite Wars
2415:, who issued a bull on 17 March 1420 proclaiming a
3787:(International Publishers: New York, 1978) p. 428.
3523:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Austro-Hungarian Monarchy"
2842:On 1 August 1431, a large army of crusaders under
2317:". The name of a cannon used by the Hussites, the
172:(Utraquists or Calixtines) and Catholics over the
3497:
3495:
3469:
2221:
1888:, were a series of civil wars fought between the
5138:
3952:
3533:
3182:(Painting: "The meeting at Křížky: Sub utraque")
2560:but was decisively defeated by Jan Žižka at the
2052:, who were in favour of church reform, sent the
1919:was executed by the Catholic Church in 1415 for
3928:
3357:as the king of Germany and the king of Hungary.
3758:
3492:
2920:in 1439, bringing the Hussite Wars to an end.
2733:
2690:
2581:more radical party opposed Žižka's authority.
2535:
2344:, an infantry weapon heavier than píšťala and
2064:, though not yet Emperor) and brother of King
4529:
4043:
3907:
2825:
2650:
2405:
2232:History of Czech civilian firearms possession
2098:). The more extreme Hussites became known as
1973:faction of the Hussites defeated the radical
1712:
1264:
2599:The Hussites were aided at various times by
2172:The devil is selling indulgences, Jena Codex
1958:. Three more crusades were attempted by the
3272:The Orebites renamed themselves "Orphans" (
2177:
4536:
4522:
4470:Triumph of the Cross (Girolamo Savonarola)
4050:
4036:
3885:(in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. 25 April 2019
3452:
3434:, a famed Adamite leader involved against
3391:remained loyal to the Catholic Church and
1719:
1705:
1271:
1257:
127:Battle of Hussites and Catholic crusaders,
4487:Comparison of Catharism and Protestantism
2782:war between Poland and the Teutonic Order
2110:, which became their centre; or Orphans (
2032:. To raise money for this, he proclaimed
2004:Starting around 1402, priest and scholar
375:Polish–Hussite invasion of Prussia (1433)
87:Learn how and when to remove this message
4543:
3857:(in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. 11 May 2014
3829:(in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. 23 May 2013
3652:. Československý vědecký ústav vojenský.
3586:, Univ of Wisconsin Press, p. 604,
3019:
2874:
2829:
2737:
2694:
2654:
2588:
2571:
50:This article includes a list of general
4057:
3702:
3614:
3337:nation settled on Hungarian territory (
1927:of Bohemia had plans to be crowned the
14:
5139:
3877:"大西巷一「乙女戦争」約6年の歴史に幕、15世紀の宗教戦争を描いた歴史巨編"
3692:(4 ed.). 1956. pp. Howitzer.
3650:Ohlasy husitského válečnictví v Evropě
3620:
3605:
3579:
3552:
3501:
3475:
3383:Hussitism spread especially among the
3048:) - whose intellectual originator was
2392:A model of a Hussite warrior behind a
1068:
27:15th-century religious wars in Bohemia
4517:
4267:
4031:
3717:
3690:The Concise Oxford English Dictionary
3458:
3074:
2567:
1900:, and European monarchs loyal to the
1700:
1252:
5167:Wars involving the Holy Roman Empire
3991:Joan of Arc's Letter to the Hussites
3647:
3641:
3186:
2024:proclaimed a "crusade" against King
1892:and the combined Catholic forces of
36:
5121:
4566:Decline of the Western Roman Empire
3935:A History of the Hussite Revolution
2844:Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg
24:
4658:Growth of the Eastern Roman Empire
4464:Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards
3901:
3662:
2929:articles of Prague, declare that:
2923:
2325:, gave rise to the English term, "
1317:In the Holy Land (1095–1291)
1301:Military order (religious society)
933:Polish–Hussite invasion of Prussia
56:it lacks sufficient corresponding
32:Bohemian–Hungarian War (1468–1478)
25:
5178:
5162:Wars involving the Teutonic Order
5088:Historiography in the Middle Ages
3972:
3759:Von Treitschke, Heinrich (2013).
3203:and in the newly founded town of
2585:Polish and Lithuanian involvement
639:Various mercenaries and crusaders
5120:
5111:
5110:
5100:
4135:
3149:
3135:
3121:
3028:and the Czech Utraquists in 1504
2985:excommunicated the Hussite king
2516:
2501:
2487:
2385:
2373:
2165:
2145:
764:
121:
41:
4586:Christianity in the Middle Ages
4581:Decline of Hellenistic religion
3869:
3841:
3813:
3790:
3777:
3752:
3711:
3707:(in German). pp. Haubitze.
3696:
3682:
3656:
3621:Gawron, Tomáš (November 2019).
3599:
3573:
3424:
3411:
3398:
3377:
3360:
3344:
2668:against the Hussites; and King
1085:William Schwihau von Riesenberg
854:Jan Pardus of Horka and Vratkov
4864:Crisis of the late Middle Ages
3736:10.1080/28327861.2016.12220069
3580:Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1975),
3553:Gawron, Tomáš (January 2021).
3476:Shahan, Thomas Joseph (1908).
3323:
3299:
3283:
3266:
3257:
3248:
3235:
3210:
3193:
2807:
2222:Use of war wagons and firearms
1423:Crusades after Acre, 1291–1399
13:
1:
5038:Disability in the Middle Ages
4711:Rise of the Republic of Genoa
4643:Rise of the Venetian Republic
3445:
3015:religious peace of Kutná Hora
2964:Religious peace of Kutná Hora
2916:defeated the Hussites at the
2156:at the Council of Constance,
4019:Jan Hus and the Hussite Wars
4014:The Bohemian War (1420–1434)
3849:"大西巷一「乙女戦争」2巻発売、描き下ろしの購入特典も"
3821:"月刊アクション創刊に先駆け、公式サイトで試し読み開始"
3479:"Council of Constance"
3462:John Huss : The Witness
3387:-speaking people, while the
3034:Battle of the White Mountain
2957:
2659:Jan Žižka leading troops of
1894:Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund
1278:
1028:Henry of Kravaře and Plumlov
785:Hynek Krušina of Lichtenburg
7:
4002:Tactics of the Hussite Wars
3993:(23 March 1430) – In 1430,
3669:Online Etymology Dictionary
3114:
3009:soon accepted his rule but
2734:Glorious rides (chevauchée)
2691:Fourth anti-Hussite crusade
2536:Second anti-Hussite crusade
844:Aleš Vřešťovský of Rýzmburk
155:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
10:
5183:
4839:Rise of the Ottoman Empire
3165:Bartholomaeus of Drahonice
3100:(2013), a manga series by
2961:
2846:, accompanied by Cardinal
2826:Fifth anti-Hussite crusade
2663:, Jena Codex, 15th century
2651:Third anti-Hussite crusade
2406:First anti-Hussite crusade
2225:
1999:
849:Chval Řepický of Machovice
457:Bohemian Catholic nobility
141:30 July 1419 – 30 May 1434
29:
5157:European wars of religion
5096:
5025:
4884:
4779:
4766:Mongol invasion of Europe
4671:
4551:
4495:
4479:
4436:
4386:
4337:
4312:Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples
4260:
4211:
4151:
4144:
4133:
4110:
4072:
4065:
4023:Medieval Archives Podcast
3980:"Hussite Museum in Tábor"
3953:Stephen Turnbull (2004).
2252:in December 1419 and the
2028:, the protector of rival
1740:
1291:Ideology and institutions
1288:
1054:Hynce Ptáček of Pirkstein
1023:Mikeš Divůček of Jemniště
1013:Jan Všembera of Boskovice
872:Ondřej Keřský of Řimovice
826:Jan Tovačovský of Cimburk
713:
214:
133:
120:
108:
103:
4421:Savoyard–Waldensian wars
4302:Johann Ruchrat von Wesel
3955:The Hussite Wars 1419–36
3502:Lützow, Francis (1914).
2993:by the king of Hungary,
2894:, the "English Hussite"
2746:from an original in the
2275:in November 1421 at the
2178:The outbreak of fighting
2138:Defenestration of Prague
1229:Diviš Bořek of Miletínek
1162:Johann of Pfalz-Neumarkt
1157:Frederick of Brandenburg
1059:Hynčík Pflug of Rabstein
905:Jan Hvězda of Vícemilice
777:Diviš Bořek of Miletínek
672:Moderate Hussite faction
267:Union of Žatec and Louny
129:Jena Codex, 15th century
4721:Investiture Controversy
4691:Second Bulgarian Empire
4007:18 October 2019 at the
3606:Verney, Victor (2009),
3351:Sigismund of Luxembourg
3318:Sigismund of Luxembourg
2865:Ktož jsú boží bojovníci
2820:Eastern Orthodox Church
2802:Heinrich von Treitschke
2742:Re-creation of Hussite
2699:Statue of Jan Žižka on
2613:Grand Duke of Lithuania
2429:Four Articles of Prague
1102:Půta III of Častolovice
885:Petr Zmrzlík of Svojšín
800:Bohuslav von Schwanberg
318:Radical Hussite faction
192:Sigismund of Luxembourg
111:European religious wars
71:more precise citations.
5078:Post-classical history
4834:Fall of Constantinople
4741:Capet–Plantagenet feud
4608:First Bulgarian Empire
3908:Victor Verney (2009).
3718:Hardy, Duncan (2016).
3703:Hermann, Paul (1960).
3029:
2914:Władysław III of Varna
2890:, the Taborite bishop
2883:
2839:
2750:
2703:
2664:
2596:
2577:
2562:Battle of Německý Brod
2453:
2322:
2310:
2228:Wagenburg (wagon fort)
1956:Battle of Německý Brod
1938:Wenceslaus's brother,
1208:William the Victorious
1147:Frederick II of Saxony
1000:Bohuslav of Schwanberg
995:Ulrich II of Rosenberg
965:Spytko III of Melsztyn
714:Commanders and leaders
635:(several participated)
5152:15th-century crusades
3957:. Osprey Publishing.
3485:Catholic Encyclopedia
3459:Kuhns, Oscar (1907).
3157:Czech Republic portal
3023:
2971:Bishopric of Würzburg
2962:Further information:
2878:
2833:
2741:
2698:
2673:returned to Bohemia.
2658:
2605:Władysław II Jagiełło
2592:
2575:
2510:Battle of Vítkov Hill
2495:Battle of Vítkov Hill
2461:Battle of Vítkov Hill
2437:
2380:The Hussite Wagenburg
2106:), after the town of
2066:Wenceslaus of Bohemia
2054:protestatio Bohemorum
1193:Scibor II. Sciborowic
890:Jan Talafús of Ostrov
790:Jakoubek of Vřesovice
223:Bohemia & Moravia
5058:Medieval reenactment
4854:Renaissance Humanism
4761:Medieval Warm Period
4731:Republic of Florence
4545:European Middle Ages
4454:Jistebnice hymn book
4345:Bohemian Reformation
4287:Mikuláš of Pelhřimov
4092:Gottschalk of Orbais
3986:on 11 November 2014.
3705:Deutsches Wörterbuch
3648:Titz, Karel (1922).
3170:German Peasants' War
2892:Mikuláš of Pelhřimov
2291:Battle of Kutná Hora
2045:Council of Constance
2041:Sigismund of Hungary
1167:Albert II of Austria
900:Bedřich of Strážnice
632:Free imperial cities
4771:Kingdom of Portugal
4638:Old Church Slavonic
4623:Anglo-Saxon England
4409:Peace of Kutná Hora
4323:Girolamo Savonarola
4059:Proto-Protestantism
3914:. Frontline Books.
3333:(or Kumans) were a
3143:Christianity portal
3080:Andrzej Sapkowski's
3038:George of Poděbrady
2987:George of Poděbrady
2882:, romantic painting
2861:Battle of Domažlice
2838:, romantic painting
2836:Battle of Domažlice
2637:Čeněk of Wartenberg
2564:on 6 January 1422.
2433:Laurence of Brezova
2396:shield, carrying a
2026:Ladislaus of Naples
1675:Crusade of the Poor
1112:John of Münsterberg
1092:Konrad IV the Elder
1008:Čeněk of Wartenberg
943:Sudivoj of Ostroróg
940:Mikuláš of Michalów
816:Čeněk of Wartenberg
277:nobility and cities
4952:In popular culture
4917:Crusading movement
4789:Hundred Years' War
4648:Civitas Schinesghe
4633:Carolingian Empire
4618:Kingdom of Croatia
4571:Barbarian kingdoms
4426:Piedmontese Easter
4203:Marsilius of Padua
3938:. Wipf and Stock.
3419:battle of Grotniki
3372:Kingdom of Bohemia
3075:In popular culture
3060:John Amos Comenius
3030:
2918:Battle of Grotniki
2884:
2840:
2751:
2704:
2665:
2597:
2578:
2568:Bohemian civil war
2476:Battle of Vyšehrad
2087:(the chalice), in
2078:sub utraque specie
2058:King of the Romans
1986:Kingdom of Bohemia
1929:Holy Roman Emperor
1886:Hussite Revolution
1880:, also called the
1602:Against Christians
1306:Crusade indulgence
1296:Crusading movement
1224:Zbigniew Oleśnicki
1183:Otto of Ziegenheim
1088:Theobald of Dolany
1076:Rupert II of Lubin
1018:Peter of Sternberg
621:Brunswick-Lüneburg
18:Hussite Revolution
5134:
5133:
5043:Basic topics list
4844:Swiss mercenaries
4794:Wars of the Roses
4701:Kingdom of Poland
4686:Holy Roman Empire
4553:Early Middle Ages
4511:
4510:
4459:Ecclesiae Regimen
4416:Mérindol massacre
4404:Compacts of Basel
4382:
4381:
4297:Johannes von Goch
4256:
4255:
4198:Matthias of Janov
4188:Milíč of Kroměříž
4178:Arnold of Brescia
4172:Henry of Lausanne
4131:
4130:
4102:Berengar of Tours
4087:Claudius of Turin
3964:978-1-84176-665-2
3945:978-1-59244-631-5
3921:978-1-84832-516-6
3808:978-1-84885-142-9
3796:Thomas A. Fudge,
3663:Harper, Douglas.
3610:, Frontline Books
3527:www.newadvent.org
3393:Emperor Sigismund
3294:Sigismund Korybut
3187:Explanatory notes
3042:Moravian Brethren
2995:Matthias Corvinus
2903:Prokop the Lesser
2617:Sigismund Korybut
2594:Sigismund Korybut
2277:Battle of Žlutice
2254:Battle of Sudoměř
2197:Battle of Sudoměř
2185:Sophia of Bavaria
2062:Holy Roman Empire
1996:by the Hussites.
1931:(requiring papal
1873:
1872:
1694:
1693:
1680:Shepherds' (1320)
1670:Shepherds' (1251)
1654:(1096–1320)
1604:(1209–1588)
1539:(1147–1410)
1417:(1291–1717)
1247:
1246:
1212:Erasmus Fischborn
1132:Hanuš of Polensko
1127:Albert of Koldice
1081:John XII of Bucka
1041:Hanuš of Kolowrat
1004:
910:Ojíř of Očedělice
895:Kuneš of Bělovice
831:Hanuš of Kolowrat
821:Sigismund Korybut
804:
795:Jan Roháč of Dubá
781:
772:Jan Čapek of Sány
748:Prokop the Lesser
432:Holy Roman Empire
210:
209:
170:moderate Hussites
97:
96:
89:
16:(Redirected from
5174:
5124:
5123:
5114:
5113:
5104:
5063:Medieval studies
4907:Church and State
4781:Late Middle Ages
4673:High Middle Ages
4591:Christianization
4561:Migration Period
4538:
4531:
4524:
4515:
4514:
4394:Oldcastle Revolt
4338:Sects and groups
4265:
4264:
4212:Sects and groups
4149:
4148:
4139:
4111:Sects and groups
4070:
4069:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4029:
4028:
3987:
3982:. Archived from
3968:
3949:
3925:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3845:
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3794:
3788:
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3775:
3774:
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3750:
3749:
3715:
3709:
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3700:
3694:
3693:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3645:
3639:
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3636:
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3618:
3612:
3611:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3550:
3531:
3530:
3519:
3510:
3509:
3505:The Hussite Wars
3499:
3490:
3489:
3481:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3456:
3439:
3428:
3422:
3415:
3409:
3402:
3396:
3389:Bohemian Germans
3381:
3375:
3364:
3358:
3348:
3342:
3327:
3321:
3303:
3297:
3287:
3281:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3255:
3252:
3246:
3239:
3233:
3214:
3208:
3197:
3175:Schmalkaldic War
3159:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3145:
3140:
3139:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3110:
3098:
2907:Battle of Lipany
2880:Battle of Lipany
2815:Council of Basel
2748:Museum of Prague
2719:Battle of Tachov
2708:Battle of Aussig
2685:Prokop the Great
2661:Radical Hussites
2641:Battle of Hořice
2520:
2505:
2491:
2389:
2377:
2343:
2285:
2274:
2250:Battle of Nekmíř
2169:
2149:
2030:Pope Gregory XII
1735:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1698:
1697:
1408:Fall of Outremer
1311:Papal income tax
1283:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1250:
1249:
1233:
1216:Paul von Rusdorf
1142:Boso of Vitzthum
1070:
1049:
1036:
1002:
880:
867:
839:
811:
802:
779:
768:
756:
743:
734:Prokop the Great
676:
636:
586:Bavaria-Landshut
567:
566:
557:
556:
508:
480:Silesian duchies
463:German Bohemians
350:
349:
340:
339:
324:
323:
313:
312:
308:
247:
246:
235:
234:
229:Hussite movement
174:radical Hussites
135:
134:
125:
101:
100:
92:
85:
81:
78:
72:
67:this article by
58:inline citations
45:
44:
37:
21:
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5137:
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5135:
5130:
5092:
5073:Neo-medievalism
5021:
4957:Itinerant court
4880:
4775:
4696:Georgian Empire
4681:Norman Conquest
4667:
4613:Frankish Empire
4547:
4542:
4512:
4507:
4506:
4491:
4475:
4432:
4378:
4333:
4307:Wessel Gansfort
4252:
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4127:
4106:
4061:
4056:
4009:Wayback Machine
3978:
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3965:
3946:
3930:Howard Kaminsky
3922:
3904:
3902:Further reading
3899:
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3189:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3104:
3102:Kouichi Ohnishi
3092:
3083:Hussite Trilogy
3077:
2966:
2960:
2952:John of Rokycan
2926:
2924:Peace agreement
2888:John of Rokycan
2873:
2828:
2810:
2736:
2693:
2653:
2629:Treaty of Melno
2587:
2570:
2538:
2531:
2521:
2512:
2506:
2497:
2492:
2408:
2401:
2390:
2381:
2378:
2337:
2279:
2268:
2234:
2226:Main articles:
2224:
2180:
2173:
2170:
2161:
2150:
2060:" (head of the
2002:
1979:king of Bohemia
1964:king of Denmark
1923:. Because King
1902:Catholic Church
1874:
1869:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1695:
1690:
1660:People's (1096)
1284:
1279:
1277:
1243:
1237:Picard/Adamite
1234:
1231:
1220:Hińcza of Rogów
1198:Michael Országh
1188:Đurađ Branković
1178:Julian Cesarini
1122:Těma of Koldice
1097:Přemek of Opava
1064:Henry of Hradec
1045:
1032:
969:
876:
863:
835:
807:
752:
739:
704:Radical Picards
702:
694:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
648:Order of Rhodes
646:
634:
564:
563:
554:
553:
504:
414:
399:Polish Hussites
397:
393:
391:as mercenaries
387:
385:Pomerania-Stolp
383:
379:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
347:
346:
337:
336:
321:
320:
310:
309:
302:
244:
243:
236:
232:
231:
227:
196:King of Bohemia
179:
168:Victory of the
157:
128:
126:
93:
82:
76:
73:
63:Please help to
62:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5180:
5170:
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5159:
5154:
5149:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5118:
5108:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5068:Misconceptions
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
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4999:
4994:
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4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4876:Little Ice Age
4873:
4872:
4871:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4829:Western Schism
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4785:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
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4763:
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4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4583:
4578:
4576:Late antiquity
4573:
4568:
4563:
4557:
4555:
4549:
4548:
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4540:
4533:
4526:
4518:
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4446:
4444:Wycliffe Bible
4440:
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4418:
4413:
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4411:
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4396:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4365:Czech Brethren
4362:
4357:
4352:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4329:Luke of Prague
4326:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4292:Petr Chelčický
4289:
4284:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4243:
4241:Friends of God
4238:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4168:
4165:Peter of Bruys
4161:
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4016:
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3999:
3988:
3974:
3973:External links
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3944:
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3897:
3896:
3868:
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3770:978-1134582211
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3745:978-1315305738
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3655:
3640:
3613:
3598:
3593:978-0299066703
3592:
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3491:
3488:. Vol. 4.
3468:
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3449:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3440:
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3406:Henry Beaufort
3397:
3376:
3359:
3343:
3322:
3314:personal union
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3129:History portal
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3050:Petr Chelčický
3046:Unitas Fratrum
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2715:Henry Beaufort
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2678:Hradec Králové
2652:
2649:
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2583:
2569:
2566:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2525:King Sigismund
2522:
2515:
2513:
2507:
2500:
2498:
2493:
2486:
2463:on July 1420.
2435:, as follows:
2407:
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2179:
2176:
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2174:
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2162:
2160:, 15th century
2151:
2144:
2119:Mikuláš of Hus
2014:Western Schism
2001:
1998:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
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1734:and afterwards
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4736:Scholasticism
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4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4539:
4534:
4532:
4527:
4525:
4520:
4519:
4516:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4449:Hussite Bible
4447:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4385:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4318:
4317:Lorenzo Valla
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4259:
4249:
4248:
4247:Petrobrusians
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4193:John Wycliffe
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4138:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4053:
4048:
4046:
4041:
4039:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3966:
3960:
3956:
3951:
3947:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3884:
3883:
3882:Comic Natalie
3878:
3872:
3856:
3855:
3854:Comic Natalie
3850:
3844:
3828:
3827:
3826:Comic Natalie
3822:
3816:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3780:
3772:
3766:
3762:
3755:
3747:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3714:
3706:
3699:
3691:
3685:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3651:
3644:
3628:
3627:zbrojnice.com
3624:
3617:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3576:
3560:
3559:zbrojnice.com
3556:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3516:
3507:
3506:
3498:
3496:
3487:
3486:
3480:
3472:
3464:
3463:
3455:
3451:
3437:
3433:
3432:Adam de Rohan
3427:
3420:
3414:
3407:
3401:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3295:
3291:
3286:
3280:death (1424).
3279:
3275:
3269:
3260:
3251:
3244:
3238:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3192:
3181:
3180:The Slav Epic
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3147:
3144:
3138:
3133:
3130:
3119:
3112:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3064:Martin Luther
3061:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2977:
2972:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2881:
2877:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2837:
2832:
2823:
2821:
2816:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2794:Vistula River
2791:
2788:and captured
2787:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2755:Spanilé jízdy
2749:
2745:
2740:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2702:
2697:
2688:
2686:
2681:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2662:
2657:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2591:
2582:
2574:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2544:, the priest
2543:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2514:
2511:
2504:
2499:
2496:
2490:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2457:papal legates
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2413:Pope Martin V
2399:
2395:
2388:
2383:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2134:New Town Hall
2131:
2126:
2124:
2123:Sezimovo Ústí
2120:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2043:convened the
2042:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2010:John Wycliffe
2007:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1925:Wenceslaus IV
1922:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1882:Bohemian Wars
1879:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1730:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1689:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
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1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
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1553:
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1542:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
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1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
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1484:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1403:Lord Edward's
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1240:
1239:Adam de Rohan
1236:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1117:John of Żagań
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
985:
984:Pope Martin V
981:
979:
978:
974:
973:
971:
966:
963:
961:
960:Vladislaus II
958:
957:
956:
955:
948:
945:
942:
939:
938:
937:
936:
934:
926:
925:Mikuláš Sokol
923:
921:
920:Petr Hromádka
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
879:
873:
870:
868:
866:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
838:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
810:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
778:
775:
773:
770:
767:
762:
759:
757:
755:
749:
746:
744:
742:
736:
735:
731:
729:
726:
725:
721:
720:
718:
717:
712:
709:
705:
701:
699:
690:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
638:
633:
630:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
562:
559:
552:
549:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
534:Lower Lusatia
532:
530:
529:Upper Lusatia
527:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
507:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
482:
481:
478:
474:
471:
470:
469:
466:
464:
461:
458:
455:
453:
449:
446:
445:
444:
441:
440:
439:
437:
433:
427:
424:
423:
422:
421:
417:
413:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
376:
370:
368:
364:
363:Supported by:
360:
356:
345:
342:
335:
332:
330:
327:
326:
325:
319:
306:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
288:
287:
286:
283:
276:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
248:
242:
239:
230:
226:
224:
219:
218:
213:
203:
199:
197:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
175:
171:
167:
166:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:, mostly the
152:
148:
145:
144:
140:
137:
136:
132:
124:
119:
116:
112:
107:
102:
99:
91:
88:
80:
70:
66:
60:
59:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
5147:Hussite Wars
4897:Architecture
4869:Great Famine
4859:Universities
4799:Hussite Wars
4798:
4716:Great Schism
4603:Papal States
4500:
4468:
4399:Hussite Wars
4398:
4371:
4321:
4279:
4261:1400–1500 AD
4245:
4233:
4170:
4163:
4145:1100–1400 AD
4123:Berengarians
4079:
3984:the original
3954:
3934:
3910:
3887:. Retrieved
3880:
3871:
3859:. Retrieved
3852:
3843:
3831:. Retrieved
3824:
3815:
3797:
3792:
3784:
3779:
3760:
3754:
3727:
3723:
3713:
3704:
3698:
3689:
3684:
3672:. Retrieved
3668:
3658:
3649:
3643:
3631:. Retrieved
3626:
3616:
3607:
3601:
3582:
3575:
3563:. Retrieved
3558:
3526:
3504:
3483:
3471:
3461:
3454:
3426:
3413:
3400:
3379:
3362:
3346:
3325:
3301:
3285:
3273:
3268:
3259:
3250:
3237:
3212:
3195:
3088:
3087:
3078:
3058:
3045:
3031:
3026:Maximilian I
2983:Pope Paul II
2980:
2967:
2945:
2927:
2911:
2900:
2885:
2852:papal legate
2841:
2811:
2779:
2754:
2752:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2712:
2705:
2682:
2676:The city of
2675:
2666:
2633:
2621:
2598:
2579:
2546:Jan Želivský
2539:
2465:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2426:
2409:
2397:
2361:
2353:
2345:
2330:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2263:
2259:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2215:
2205:
2181:
2130:Jan Želivský
2127:
2116:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2053:
2038:
2003:
1990:hand cannons
1983:
1968:
1949:
1937:
1914:
1885:
1881:
1878:Hussite Wars
1877:
1875:
1790:Německý Brod
1729:Hussite Wars
1728:
1684:
1650:
1649:
1639:
1600:
1599:
1535:
1534:
1478:Holy Leagues
1413:
1412:
1316:
1315:
1290:
1232:(since 1423)
1046:
1033:
982:
975:
953:
952:
930:
929:
915:Jan Královec
877:
864:
836:
808:
761:Jan Želivský
753:
740:
732:
722:
708:Neo-Adamites
695:
675:(since 1423)
667:
652:Papal States
642:
565:(since 1423)
555:(until 1423)
430:
404:
403:
394:
373:
372:
362:
354:
353:
348:(since 1424)
338:(until 1424)
316:
280:
221:
220:
215:Belligerents
109:Part of the
104:Hussite Wars
98:
83:
74:
55:
5126:WikiProject
5053:Medievalism
4892:Agriculture
4756:Manorialism
4751:Communalism
4746:Monasticism
4663:Reconquista
4653:Kievan Rus'
4235:Strigolniki
4224:Waldensians
4183:Peter Waldo
4066:400–1100 AD
3998:commentary.
3995:Joan of Arc
3889:10 November
3861:10 November
3833:10 November
3730:: 199–221.
3368:Landfrieden
3105: [
3093: [
3090:Dívčí Válka
3068:John Calvin
2896:Peter Payne
2808:Peace talks
2701:Vítkov Hill
2338: [
2280: [
2269: [
2266:Vladař Hill
2152:Burning of
2034:indulgences
1994:wagon forts
1840:Hiltersried
1760:Vítkov Hill
1732:(1419–1434)
1686:Reconquista
1635:Despenser's
1610:Albigensian
1438:Alexandrian
1137:Frederick I
990:Pippo Spano
954:Supporters:
947:Bogislav IX
581:Brandenburg
506:Münsterberg
448:Landfrieden
303: [
69:introducing
5141:Categories
5048:Land terms
5002:Technology
4982:Philosophy
4962:Literature
4927:Demography
4628:Viking Age
4437:Literature
4219:Arnoldists
3674:18 January
3665:"howitzer"
3633:1 November
3629:(in Czech)
3561:(in Czech)
3446:References
3312:were in a
2558:Kutná Hora
2529:Kutná Hora
2523:Escape of
2400:on his arm
2350:fauconneau
2158:Jena Codex
2022:John XXIII
1933:coronation
1906:Utraquists
1780:Kutná Hora
1688:(722–1492)
1665:Children's
1585:Lithuanian
576:Palatinate
459:and cities
412:loyalists:
52:references
5033:Dark Ages
4942:Household
4937:Hastilude
4706:Feudalism
4360:Utraquism
4355:Taborites
4281:Jan Žižka
4097:Ratramnus
3565:1 January
3436:Jan Žižka
3290:Lithuania
3218:Taborites
2981:In 1466,
2958:Aftermath
2856:Domažlice
2780:During a
2542:demagogue
2346:tarasnice
2335:hákovnice
2246:Jan Žižka
2212:Communion
2132:attacked
2100:Taborites
2092:Kališníci
2074:Utraquism
2039:In 1414,
1971:Utraquist
1952:Jan Žižka
1940:Sigismund
1910:Taborites
1830:Waidhofen
1825:Domažlice
1745:Živohoště
1620:Stedinger
1468:Nicopolis
1433:Smyrniote
1428:Aragonese
1333:Norwegian
1152:Louis III
1003:(1419–22)
977:Sigismund
949:of Słupsk
803:(1422–25)
780:(1420–23)
724:Jan Žižka
696:Splitted
606:Thuringia
406:Crusaders
359:Lithuania
329:Taborites
322:(1423–34)
311:(1420–21)
300:New Tábor
252:Taborites
245:(1420–23)
233:(1419–20)
5116:Category
5083:Timeline
4972:Minstrel
4967:Medicine
4849:Chivalry
4804:Burgundy
4726:Crusades
4373:Piagnoni
4350:Hussites
4229:Lollardy
4159:Tanchelm
4081:Jovinian
4005:Archived
3932:(2004).
3810:, p. 173
3724:Crusades
3276:) after
3226:Orebites
3222:Praguers
3115:See also
2976:Würzburg
2848:Cesarini
2790:Dirschau
2670:Eric VII
2645:Konopilt
2625:Orebites
2609:Vytautas
2550:Adamites
2472:Hradčany
2468:Vyšehrad
2421:heretics
2354:bombarda
2327:howitzer
2323:houfnice
2216:hejtmané
2189:Vyšehrad
2104:Táborité
2018:Antipope
1975:Taborite
1890:Hussites
1865:Grotniki
1860:Sellnitz
1785:Nebovidy
1770:Vyšehrad
1630:Bohemian
1615:Drenther
1580:Prussian
1575:Livonian
1554:Swedish
1537:Northern
1447:Barbary
1443:Savoyard
1338:Venetian
1281:Crusades
698:taborite
691:nobility
686:Bohemian
681:Praguers
616:Würzburg
539:Egerland
500:Świdnica
410:Catholic
334:Orebites
296:nobility
291:Moravian
285:Hussites
282:Moravian
272:Bohemian
262:Orebites
257:Praguers
194:becomes
146:Location
115:Crusades
113:and the
77:May 2018
5026:Related
5012:Warfare
5007:Theatre
4997:Slavery
4992:Science
4947:Hunting
4912:Cuisine
4885:Culture
4824:Castile
4819:England
4501:Italics
4275:Jan Hus
4118:Pataria
3421:(1439).
3355:Bohemia
3310:Croatia
3306:Hungary
3278:Žižka's
3274:Sirotci
3232:), etc.
3230:Osphans
3228:(later
3066:and of
3054:Žamberk
3011:Bohemia
3007:Lusatia
3003:Silesia
2999:Moravia
2991:invaded
2948:Jihlava
2792:on the
2786:Prussia
2775:Meissen
2771:Lusatia
2767:Hungary
2759:Silesia
2639:at the
2480:Pankrác
2417:crusade
2398:píšťala
2311:píšťala
2208:Baptism
2154:Jan Hus
2112:Sirotci
2050:Moravia
2006:Jan Hus
2000:Origins
1944:crusade
1917:Jan Hus
1884:or the
1815:Kratzau
1800:Malešov
1755:Sudoměř
1652:Popular
1640:Hussite
1625:Bosnian
1590:Russian
1550:Wendish
1393:Catalan
1383:Seventh
1378:Barons'
1066: (
1047:†
1034:†
878:†
865:†
837:†
809:†
754:†
741:†
689:Hussite
668:Allies:
656:England
626:Swabian
596:Cologne
571:Austria
551:Meissen
544:Kladsko
522:Troppau
517:Wrocław
473:Olomouc
468:Moravia
420:Croatia
416:Hungary
395:Poland:
389:Orphans
355:Allies:
344:Orphans
294:Hussite
275:Hussite
241:Bohemia
238:Hussite
65:improve
5106:Portal
4987:Poetry
4814:France
4387:Events
4268:People
4152:People
4073:People
3961:
3942:
3918:
3806:
3767:
3742:
3590:
3339:Kunság
3335:Turkic
3331:Cumans
3243:Prague
2798:Danzig
2773:, and
2763:Saxony
2744:pavise
2635:under
2611:, the
2601:Poland
2394:Pavise
2366:cannon
2360:) and
2358:mortar
2315:pistol
2096:kalich
2094:(from
1960:papacy
1921:heresy
1898:Papacy
1896:, the
1850:Lipany
1845:Pilsen
1820:Trnava
1810:Tachov
1805:Aussig
1795:Hořice
1750:Nekmíř
1545:Kalmar
1398:Eighth
1363:Fourth
1348:Second
1173:Walsee
1043:
1030:
874:
861:
833:
805:
763:
750:
737:
700:group:
664:Poland
660:Serbia
628:cities
561:Saxony
434:(also
426:Cumans
381:Poland
367:Poland
162:Result
54:, but
5017:Women
4977:Music
4932:Domes
4922:Dance
4809:Milan
4480:Other
3385:Czech
3205:Tábor
3201:Plzeň
3109:]
3097:]
2554:Žatec
2527:from
2342:]
2319:Czech
2307:Czech
2284:]
2273:]
2201:Tábor
2193:Plzeň
2108:Tábor
2089:Czech
2085:calix
2082:Latin
1835:Ilava
1765:Tábor
1595:Tatar
1473:Varna
1373:Sixth
1368:Fifth
1353:Third
1323:First
611:Hesse
601:Mainz
591:Trier
512:Żagań
495:Oława
452:Plzeň
307:]
3959:ISBN
3940:ISBN
3916:ISBN
3891:2022
3863:2022
3835:2022
3804:ISBN
3765:ISBN
3740:ISBN
3676:2014
3635:2019
3588:ISBN
3567:2021
3366:The
3329:The
3308:and
3005:and
2470:and
2362:dělo
2331:houf
2230:and
2210:and
1992:and
1876:The
1855:Křeč
1775:Brüx
1568:1293
1563:1249
1558:1150
1528:1717
1523:1684
1518:1594
1513:1571
1508:1538
1503:1535
1498:1526
1493:1511
1488:1495
1483:1332
1461:1399
1456:1398
1451:1390
1388:1267
1358:1197
1343:1129
1328:1101
490:Nysa
485:Oels
408:and
200:The
138:Date
4902:Art
4021:on
3732:doi
2850:as
2451:is.
2368:).
2329:" (
2016:, "
1069:DOW
450:of
5143::
3879:.
3851:.
3823:.
3802:,
3738:.
3728:15
3726:.
3722:.
3667:.
3625:.
3557:.
3535:^
3525:.
3514:^
3494:^
3482:.
3316:.
3224:,
3220:,
3107:ja
3095:ja
3001:,
2978:.
2909:.
2769:,
2765:,
2761:,
2721:.
2710:.
2647:.
2340:cs
2321::
2309::
2282:cs
2271:cs
2203:.
2020:"
438:)
305:cs
4537:e
4530:t
4523:v
4051:e
4044:t
4037:v
3967:.
3948:.
3924:.
3893:.
3865:.
3837:.
3773:.
3748:.
3734::
3678:.
3637:.
3569:.
3529:.
3408:.
3374:.
3245:.
3207:.
3044:(
2364:(
2356:(
2348:(
2102:(
1720:e
1713:t
1706:v
1272:e
1265:t
1258:v
1072:)
935::
728:#
706:/
418:-
377::
225::
176::
90:)
84:(
79:)
75:(
61:.
34:.
20:)
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