Grahame Clark - Knowledge

885:. In it, Clark claimed that education in British schools was a "parody of knowledge" and that rather than emphasising competitiveness and preparing pupils for future careers, education should focus on "human well-being" and helping students to gain an understanding of both themselves and of humanity. He claimed that the teaching of prehistory—a subject he thought to be the inheritance of all humanity—would provide a good basis for a pupil's education. At the conference, he had been among those arguing that after the war the field of archaeology should not be allowed to come under increasing state control, fearing that doing so might result in British archaeology taking on increasingly 733: 1141: 1007:, and realised that it may provide further evidence of a Mesolithic settlement. He oversaw three seasons of excavation at the site, in the summers of 1949, 1950, and 1951. The project was carried out on a shoestring budget under the auspices of Cambridge University and the Prehistoric Society. The project was consciously multidisciplinary, involving botanists from the beginning. Fagan noted that the excavation methods were "adequate, although certainly not up to Mortimer Wheeler standards". He published his results promptly, bringing out preliminary reports in the 1949 and 1950 editions of the 1534:

beloved". He annoyed colleagues by quickly turning any conversations into a talk about his own research. Daniel for instance noted that there was "an alarming and chilling self-centredness . It was so difficult to conduct any reasonable conversation" with him. Mulvaney, who was one of his students, noted that in supervisory meetings, the "austere and busy" Clark "wasted time with derisory gossip concerning his peers, tainted with dogmatic political assertions". Mulvaney nevertheless felt that Clark's "personality blemishes were worth enduring. As years passed he became helpful and friendly."

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was "basically a sympathetic and kind man". Clark was awkward around his students, who were often a little afraid of him. His lecture style was regarded as dry and not entertaining. Clark's biographer noted that his teaching was "at best pedestrian", and that he had a "reputation for poorly prepared lectures", rendering him unpopular as a teacher. According to Coles, Clark's lectures "were generally considered to be rather poorly constructed, and he often wandered from the subject in hand". In several cases he was reported to have given the wrong lecture to a class.

1470:." The archaeologist John Mulvaney stated that, in contrast to the tendency of Childe and other archaeologists to focus on artefact typologies, Clark's "vibrant world embraced landscape, economy and social themes, not simply labelled artefacts". This was reflected in the changing definitions of archaeology that Clark used; in 1927 he claimed that archaeology was "the study of past distribution of culture-traits in time and space, and of the factors governing their distribution", while in 1939 he referred to it as "the study of how men lived in the past". 1695: 1087:. Believing this to be likely evidence of a Neolithic settlement, he oversaw a project of excavation at the site in 1957 and 1958, although left most of the running of the excavation to Higgs. Clark was disappointed that he excavation revealed a number of scatters post-holes and pits but no structures. The site had nevertheless yielded important typological information about Neolithic pottery and provided greater knowledge about the Neolithic period in eastern England. It would prove to be Clark's final major excavation. 48: 435: 939: 1549:. Clark's relationship with these colleagues was mixed; Piggott was a lifelong friend, although Hawkes became his "long-term intellectual adversary". The two publicly disagreed strongly on the place of migration and cultural diffusion in British prehistory; Hawkes believed that cultural development and change was brought about primarily by migration into Britain, whereas Clark argued in favour of indigenous cultural evolution as the best explanation for such changes. 1028: 1390: 1044:. As chair, he encouraged the staff in his department to prioritise their research over teaching, and to prioritise the teaching of graduates over undergraduates. In this position he had little personal contact with the department's students, and encouraged them to go abroad after their education, believing that the best opportunities for archaeological research lay outside Britain. He got on with some of his staff, such as 557: 849:. There, he served in the aerial photograph interpretation unit, where he worked alongside fellow archaeologists like Daniel, Garrod, Piggott, Philips, and McBurney. This grouping allowed for some continuity in the British archaeological community despite the widespread cessation of active research. During this period he lived with his wife and two children at a small, isolated house in 1011:. The final monograph was completed in December 1952 and published by Cambridge University Press in 1954. According to Fagan, it was "one of the classic archaeological monographs of the twentieth century". It was published to good reviews, and helped to establish Clark's reputation among the archaeological community in the United States. A number of American excavations—such as that at 910:'s division of society into the categories of savagery, barbarism, and civilisation, although added the innovation of dividing savagery into higher and lower forms. Fagan later noted that in adopting Tylor's tripartite division, the book was "old-fashioned even for the 1940s". During the summer break of 1947, Clark led a team of undergraduates in the excavation of 549:

attention to it, and most of the archaeological evidence for it consisted of scattered flint tools. Burkitt served as his supervisor, although largely left Clark to his own devices. Clark initially familiarised himself with the evidence for Mesolithic society in continental Europe by travelling to Denmark and Sweden in 1929, where he had a chance meeting with

426:, in his final year at Marlborough Clark gave a talk on the subject of "Progress in Prehistoric Times". By the time that he left the school he was committed to the idea of becoming a professional archaeologist. In this period most prehistoric archaeologists were non-professional hobbyists, and of the few archaeological jobs available most were in museums. 798:, in which he demonstrated his growing interest in ecological and environmental themes. The book established Clark as being at the forefront of Mesolithic archaeology, and was hailed as an important and trend-setting tome which would influence generations of Mesolithic archaeologists before eventually becoming outdated due to more detailed research. 1431:, was published by Cambridge University Press in 1992. The book dealt with concepts of time and place throughout the ages and received few reviews on publication. According to Fagan, Clark's later books were "based on the values of an earlier time and reflect his profound conservatism", perhaps explaining why they received so little attention. 809:. This was a textbook that outlined how to understand past societies through archaeology, and expressed the view that archaeology could be a force for peace in the world by promoting notions of human unity. In the book he condemned Soviet archaeology, believing that the Soviet government had forced archaeologists to support their pre-conceived 1137:, which was published by Cambridge University Press in 1961. Despite its title, over half of the book was devoted to the prehistory of Western and Central Europe, reflecting how little was known about much of the world's distant past at the time. The book proved an immediate success and brought Clark far greater visibility and opportunities. 283:. He remained in Britain, working on aerial reconnaissance, and wrote further archaeological research articles in his spare time. After the war he returned to Cambridge University, where he was employed as a full-time lecturer. Over the course of 1949, 1950, and 1951, he excavated the important Mesolithic settlement site of 553:. On his return to Britain he began a systematic examination of Mesolithic stone tool collections that were held in both museums and private collections across the country, listing these many artefacts within a database. From this he was able to map the distribution of such Mesolithic tool assemblages across the island. 821:, claiming that they used archaeology to promote a "diseased nationalism". Published to good reviews, the book was read widely and revised editions were published in 1947 and 1952. According to the historian of archaeology Pamela Jane Smith, it became "one of Clark's most widely read and respected publications." 632:, helping to establish a basic stratigraphic chronology of the Fenland's development. In 1934 they then carried out a second excavation at Peacock's Farm, which was very important for demonstrating the advantages of interdisciplinary research and for placing British prehistory within an environmental framework. 950:. Clark applied to succeed him, although the position was instead given to Piggott. Piggott then invited Clark to give the Munro Lectures at Edinburgh in 1949. In 1950, he was elected to a fellowship at Peterhouse, a position that he held for the next 45 years. At the college he befriended his colleague 1593:

Clark was dedicated to his family. According to Coles, his wife Mollie "became an indispensable part of Clark's academic life as well as a source of immense happiness to him". After their wedding, the Clarks purchased a house in Barton Road, Cambridge. They lived away from this house during the first

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Coles noted that among continental European scholars, Clark was "the most respected British prehistorian" of his generation. Clark's work was however little known in the United States, where it was eclipsed in the 1960s by the growth of processual archaeology. A less grandiose assessment was left by

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For Fagan, Clark was "one of the most important prehistorians of the twentieth century", an individual whose "intellectual influence on archaeology was enormous", producing a "legacy to prehistory will endure for generations". The historian Adam Stout noted that Clark was "one of the century's most

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degree on the basis of his published work. In this position he avoided formal meetings and made decisions by himself. He failed to obtain many resources for the department from the university administration, with the department therefore remaining small under his tenure. He did however acquire funds

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Physically, Clark was tall and thin, and in his personal life he was intensely private. Fagan described him as "an imposing, remote man who hid his feelings", while presenting "an austere, sometimes forbidding exterior". Coles similarly regarded him as aloof figure, but nevertheless thought that he

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In February 1935, Clark had suggested that the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia rename itself as the Prehistoric Society, thus stretching its remit far beyond East Anglia. A vote on the issue produced an overwhelming majority in support of the change. Membership of the group then grew rapidly; in

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Clark was not a popular figure among the British archaeological community, being regarded as a competitive and remote individual who craved recognition. He was nevertheless regarded as one of the most important prehistorians of his generation. He was particularly noted for his emphasis on exploring

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Clark read omnivorously and produced a steady stream of academic articles in this period. From 1942 to 1948, he published articles on such diverse subjects as water, bees, sheep, fishing, and whale hunting in prehistory. These publications reflected his interest in using recorded folk culture and

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Clark could be arrogant, was ruthless in his criticism of what he considered shoddy work and could be self-absorbed in his research and writing, to the point of rudeness. His was a remote personality... but underneath the austere exterior was the kindest of men, capable of deep love and caring.

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The archaeologists Arkadiusz Marciniak and John Coles stated that Clark was one of the "eminent archaeologists" who helped to establish prehistoric archaeology as a "fully professional discipline" with explicitly outlined goals and methods and an institutional foundation. He was a pioneer in

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According to Fagan, Clark had a "competitive personality" and "craved recognition and an international reputation". Although he had many acquaintances within the archaeological community, he had few friendships with other archaeologists; according to Fagan, he was "not necessarily universally

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became one of its key proponents. The proponents of processualism, then referred to as the "New Archaeology", often rejected what they regarded as the old guard in the profession. Clark stayed out of the theoretical debates between the processualists and adherents of older schools of thought,

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studentship at Peterhouse from 1930 to 1932, and then a Bye Fellowship from 1932 to 1935. At Burkitt's suggestion, he devoted his thesis largely to the Mesolithic—or 'Middle Stone Age'—period of British prehistory. At the time little was known about Mesolithic Britain as few scholars had paid

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to gain a better understanding of prehistoric modes of subsistence. He nevertheless did not use such analogies uncritically, believing that they were mostly of use when there was a continuous historical link between older and more recent communities and where they both lived in very similar

964:, which reflected his interest in ecology and the impact that it had on the economics of human society. The book received mixed reviews, although would be described by Fagan as "arguably the most influential of all Clark's books". It sold widely and was translated into several languages. 388:, where he joined the school's Natural History Society. Aside from his interest in prehistoric tools—which earned him the school nickname "Stones and Bones"—he was also fascinated by the butterflies and moths that could be found in Wiltshire. During his time at the college he visited the 1486:

Clark was fascinated by prehistoric subsistence and social patterns. His approach to prehistory was rooted in the notion that the human race was biologically united and that human diversity arose from responses to changing environments. Smith believed that as of 1939, Clark had become a

1362:. The book was not well received, with many archaeologists working on Scandinavian material deeming it outdated. In 1976, he made a coast-to-coast trip across Canada, and that year chaired the first meeting of the Science-based Archaeological Committee, which had been established by the 704:

with the non-professional W. F. Rankine. The excavation only revealed some stone tools, producing no ecological data and very little evidence of any structures. Although Rankine argued that they should produce a lengthy report, Clark only wrote up the results for a 1939 article in the

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which allowed him to travel across much of Northern and Central Europe. He looked at the technologies and techniques of rural and fishing communities in much of Scandinavia, displaying his interest in the relationship between folk culture and ecology. He expanded the length of the

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Grahame Clark is remembered for his pioneering work in prehistoric economies, in the ecological approach, in the study of organic artefacts, in his initiation of science-based archaeology, in his various excavations and investigative projects, and in his world view of prehistory.

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was fundamentally a simple and direct thinker, with a brilliant gift for getting at the nub of a problem and a breadth of vision that could be astounding. Grahame Clark was conservative, sometimes magisterial, even rude, but his archaeology was sometimes tinged with genius.

471:, which would influence his later archaeological approach to the economies of prehistoric societies. During these years he had continued his research into archaeology on an independent basis, producing articles on prehistoric stone tools that were published in the journals 1639:

In November 1997, a Grahame Clark Memorial Conference was held at the British Academy in London. It was at the conference that John Coles invited Fagan to write Clark's biography. In 2007, an academic symposium was held to mark the centenary of Clark's birth at the

1590:, Clark believed strongly in the importance of individual achievement and human progress, believing that humanity's future lay in the ability of people from different cultures and ideologies to co-operate in order to solve those problems that they had in common. 1133:. In 1959, Clark was elected President of the Prehistoric Society. In his presidential address he called for a less Eurocentric and more global focus on research into prehistory. To this end he produced a one-volume history of global prehistory, resulting in 1280: 683:

to teach a course on "geochronology and climatic history", and the following year his position was upgraded to that of a faculty member. In this position he trained an influential coterie of undergraduates in archaeology between 1935 and 1939, among them

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although in a letter to Coles expressed "distress" at what he saw as students forcing archaeological data to fit their preconceived notions. He rejected the idea that archaeology was a pure science, claiming that this was misguided and "also pathetic".

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influential prehistorians". Coles similarly noted that he was "one of the founders of European and world-wide prehistoric studies, and there are many now who would assert his primacy in these fields over all other prehistorians of the 20th century".

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and believing that unequal levels of consumption allowed for humanity's greatest artistic and cultural creations. In response to these claims, Leach described Clark's political beliefs as "lying well to the right" of British Prime Minister

1606:. When the boat became too dilapidated he replaced it with a cottage in the town in 1957. Clark spent much of his leisure time visiting art galleries, and in later life he began collecting art, as well as Chinese porcelain and Asian jade. 1487:

functionalist. From 1972 onward, Clark became heavily involved in the use of newly developed scientific techniques for the analysis of archaeological material. Influenced by German and Scandinavian archaeological models, Clark drew on

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and died mid-journey. Grahame Clark grew up without a father, instead being raised by his mother and an uncle for whom he had great affection. According to the available evidence, Clark's childhood was a happy one. His family moved to

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Clark began as an archaeologist interested in the use, manufacture, and distribution of implements but quickly became an archaeologist interested in the activities that the use, manufacture, and distribution of implements imply.

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Clark retired as Disney Professor in 1974. From 1973 until 1980 he served as the Master of Peterhouse, in what became some of the happiest years of his life. In 1975, he revised may of his ideas on Mesolithic Northern Europe for

696:. In 1935, he helped to set up the Cambridge University Archaeology Field Unit and was appointed its honorary vice president. He arranged for undergraduate members of the Field Unit to assist him in his March 1935 excavations at 1074:

With his project at Star Carr completed, Clark returned his attention to the excavation of the Iron Age settlement at Micklemoor Hill. He oversaw two further seasons of excavation in 1952 and 1953, which was mostly overseen by

517:, and Childe. Although the Cambridge syllabus did not provide opportunities for excavation, Clark assisted the non-professional archaeologist Eliot Curwen during his excavations of the Whitehawk Neolithic causewayed camp near 643:. By 1934, both Clark and contemporaries like Piggott had become increasingly influential within the British archaeological community. Previously, in February 1933, Burkitt had ensured that Clark was elected a Fellow of the 458:

and while they too turned him down for a scholarship, they admitted him as a "pensioner", or a student who pays for their own tuition. He began his degree in 1927, and during his first two years was enrolled on the history

1446:. While on a cruise in the eastern Mediterranean with his wife, Clark suffered a serious stroke in June 1995, requiring a return home. There, he died in Cambridge on 12 September 1995. A memorial service was held at 1649: 954:, an economic historian whose research into Medieval farming techniques inspired Clark to reassess Neolithic farming. In 1951, he contributed a chapter on the use of folklore in interpreting prehistory for a 901:

Clark was demobilised in 1946. He returned to Cambridge University where he was appointed full lecturer in archaeology, with the department now under the leadership of Garrod. During the war he had written

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in 1938 and 1939. After the war, he decided to excavate an Iron Age settlement nearer to Cambridge using the same techniques as Bersu had used. An amateur archaeologist had found early Iron Age pottery on

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in 1932. The book took a conservative approach to the subject by being heavily artefact-focused, although reflected Clark's growing interest in ecology and the role of Mesolithic society in adapting to

833:. While awaiting enlistment into the British armed forces, Clark took lessons in Russian with Minns in order to enable him to read Soviet archaeological publications. He was then drafted into the 1442:

in 1990. He divided the £100,000 prize money between the British Academy and the Prehistoric Society, allowing both to establish their own prizes. In 1992, the British state then awarded him a

628:. Clark served as the group's honorary secretary, and under him all of the Committee's research projects would be promptly written up and published. The group excavated at Plantation Farm near 865:, which allowed him and his family to relocate back to their Cambridge house in Barton Road. Clark used his daily commute from Cambridge into central London to edit articles submitted for the 1079:, the assistant curator at the Museum of Archaeology. In 1954, Clark was made aware of Neolithic pottery and worked flints that had been discovered through an excavation at Hurst Fen near 5048: 1717:

Clark, Grahame; Mellaart, James; Mallowan, M. E. L; Aldred, Cyril. (1961). The Dawn of Civilisation The First World Survey of Human Cultures in Early Times. London: Thames and Hudson.

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formed the core of Clark's completed thesis, which was titled "The Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Early Metal Age Industries in Britain" and submitted in January 1934. After passing his

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John Grahame Douglas Clark was born on 28 July 1907. He was the eldest son of Maude Ethel Grahame Clark (née Shaw) and Charles Douglas Clark, the latter being a stockbroker and a

5088: 1656:. They noted that up to that point there had been "little in-depth assessment" of Clark's influence in archaeology, in particular in contrast to the large number of Childe. 303:, in 1952 appointed to Cambridge's Disney Chair, and in 1959 elected President of the Prehistoric Society. In later life he travelled the globe more extensively, often as a 651:

described as Clark's tendency to be "extremely critical, even cruel" toward others. During his doctoral studies, he entered a relationship with an archaeology student at

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in the University of Cambridge, there attaining both his undergraduate and then doctoral degree. For the latter, he produced a thesis and published monograph focusing on

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the archaeologist Pamela Jane Smith, who stated that Clark made "major contributions to the establishment of prehistory as an academic subject at Cambridge University".

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was published, a work that was part-biography and part-history of archaeology, discussing the broad diaspora of Cambridge-trained archaeologists. Clark's final book,

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historical evidence to inspire fresh interpretations of the archaeological material. In August 1943, Clark gave the opening address at the 'Future of Archaeology'

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In 1952, Garrod took an early retirement and Clark was selected as her replacement for the Disney Chair. To mark this status, Cambridge University awarded him an

581:—which had recently been developed in Scandinavia—as a means of understanding ancient changes in the vegetation. Influenced by Childe, the book was rooted in the 1060: 869:. Although all meetings of the Prehistoric Society were cancelled for the duration of the war, Clark was able to keep the journal going despite paper rationing. 5073: 1537:

Fagan noted that Clark was one of the four men who dominated British archaeology during the 1950s and early 1960s, along with the Edinburgh-based Piggott, the

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In 1960, Clark returned to Peacock Farm to oversee a small excavation designed to recover material that could be subjected to the newly developed process of

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brought Clark wider visibility and resulted in his first opportunity to visit the United States. In 1952 he was asked to attend the inaugural meeting of the

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devoted to Childe. Fagan later described this chapter as one of Clark's most important papers. Using his Munro Lectures as a basis, Clark also wrote a book,

479: 505:, an unpaid lecturer of private means. Providing himself with a broad-based grounding in archaeology, Clark sat in on lectures given by archaeologists like 4922:

Smith, Pamela Jane (1998). ""A Passionate Connoisseur of Flints": An Intellectual Biography of the Young Grahame Clark based on his pre-war Publications".

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to an upper-middle-class family, Clark developed an early interest in archaeology through his collection of prehistoric flint tools. After an education at

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In February 1932, Clark was elected to the council of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia, and in May 1933 became acting editor of the society's

1542: 725:. Clark also encouraged archaeologists working on non-British prehistory to submit to the journal, and met with the prominent French archaeologist 697: 1207:

prehistory. In May of that year he used the Commonwealth Visiting Scholars' appointment to fund a period in Australia, where he spent time at the

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which synthesised newly discovered radiocarbon dates to argue that farming originally spread across Europe from Greece and the Western Balkans.

307:. In these years, he also wrote more prolifically, although these books typically received a less enthusiastic reception than his earlier work. 1283:, using the trip to spend time in Taiwan, the Philippines, and New Zealand. In 1969, he was then appointed visiting Hitchcock Professor at the 197: 37: 1374:. From 1974 to 1978, he chaired the British Academy's Section Ten, which was devoted to archaeology and anthropology. In 1978 he travelled to 996: 700:, where they discovered a wealth of Bronze Age material. Over the course of 1937 and 1938, he co-ran an excavation of the Mesolithic site at 1419:

which was highly critical, arguing that Clark's functionalist and culturally evolutionary approach was outdated. He then produced a sequel,

1409:, in which he argued that cultural diversity underlay the process of humanisation. The book received few reviews, including one produced by 992:, and Clark began an excavation of the site in 1948. However, before Clark could finish the excavation, he was distracted by a new project. 1319: 748:

in Norway and Sweden, looking at the region's prehistoric rock art, on the subject of which Clark then produced an illustrated article for

189: 29: 4082: 773: 776:. Clark and Rust got on well and remained in contact for many years. Crossing to Denmark, the trio were involved in a car crash near to 5098: 5063: 5058: 1714:

Clark, J. Grahame D. (1954). Excavations At Star Carr: An Early Mesolithic Site at Seamer, near Scarborough, Yorkshire. CUP Archive.

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in 1970. He published a classification system of five "lithic modes" or types of stone tools in 1969, which is still in use today.

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ecological, functionalist approaches to archaeology, as well as the first archaeologist to write a global prehistory of humankind.

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and Margaret Godwin; it represented a loose association of specialists in different academic fields who all had an interest in the

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as a visiting professor. That same year, Clark returned to the subject of Star Carr to publish a book for undergraduate students,

5068: 752:. Later that year, the couple and Philips embarked on a road trip across northern Europe, visiting archaeological sites like the 1071:, and in 1953 he gave the Academy's Reckitt Archaeological Lecture, which he devoted to a discussion of prehistoric economies. 1423:, which allowed him to discuss his interest in art; it was published by Cambridge University Press in 1986. In 1989, Clark's 1577:, Clark promoted what he saw as the benefits of social hierarchy, viewing socio-economic inequalities as an impetus towards 1144:

During the 1960s, Clark spent increasing time visiting archaeological sites across the world, including Çatalhöyük in Turkey

1105:, who became his good friend. In 1957, he returned to the U.S. to teach for a semester as the Grant McCurdy Lecturer at 1067:, as well as the Prehistoric Society, of whose journal he remained editor. In 1951, he had been elected a Fellow of the 4940: 4856: 4837: 4795: 1720:

Clark, Grahame & Piggott, Stuart (1965). Prehistoric Societies. Hutchinson. (The History of Human Societies series)

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was devoted to him, while in 1976, Gale de Giberne Sieveking, Ian H. Longworth, and Kenneth E. Wilson produced the

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Clark, J. Grahame D. (1936). The Mesolithic Settlement of Northern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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at Childe's recommendation. In February 1934 he was made a permanent council member and honorary editor of the

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and was sent to fight overseas. He survived the war, but during his return to Britain in 1919 succumbed to the

143: 1310:. Towards the end of his career, Clark was given a range of awards in recognition of his research output: the 1109:. In 1958, Clark published his last piece of original research on the Mesolithic, an article on trapez-shaped 1232: 193: 33: 647:. Clark himself was however unpopular in many archaeological circles, a result of what his later biographer 442:

In 1920s, Britain there were few universities that taught courses in prehistory or archaeology. One was the

5038: 1164:. He did not personally lead the excavation, which took place in 1961, instead leaving that to his student 1064: 878: 447: 1704:

Clark, J. Grahame D. (1977). World Prehistory: In New Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

1152:. He also grew increasingly interested in Greek prehistory, and gained a permit to excavate the Neolithic 541:'s excavations, although never worked on them. Clark graduated in 1930 with a first-class honours degree. 4867: 1252: 1645: 1323: 791: 569: 995:

In 1948, Clark was informed about a Mesolithic flint scatter that had been found in peaty deposits at

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In July 1935, Cambridge University's Department of Anthropology and Archaeology employed Clark as an

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Clark learned to excavate while assisting the project at the Trundle, an Iron Age hillfort in Sussex.

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Mulvaney, John (2010). "Grahame Clark in the Antipodes". In Arkadiusz Marciniak; John Coles (eds.).

1694: 1652:. On the basis of the conference, in 2010, Marciniak and Coles published a co-edited volume titled 1363: 389: 249: 1366:

in order to distribute funds to archaeological projects. In 1977, he published a third edition of

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indigenous community. In November 1965, he undertook a lecture tour of the U.S., giving talks at

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Marciniak, Arkadiusz; Coles, John (2010). "Preface". In Arkadiusz Marciniak; John Coles (eds.).

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part of the Second World War, although they returned in 1944. Here, Clark took an interest in

4995: 1244: 923: 922:, revealing evidence of early Romano-British activity. In 1947 and in 1948, he was awarded a 858: 590: 582: 487: 455: 344:. The family were upper middle-class and moderately prosperous. They lived in the village of 241: 226: 164: 115: 713:

1935 it had 353 members, and this had increased to 668 in 1938. Under Clark's lead, the new

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ideas about societal and economic development. He also condemned the use of archaeology in

443: 370: 1188:. Clark then furthered his interest in south-eastern Europe by writing an article for the 8: 1080: 874: 522: 491: 402: 381: 237: 501:—whose ideas influenced Clark—while the archaeology curriculum was largely organised by 4910: 1683: 1546: 1402: 1303: 1161: 1149: 1106: 1016: 802: 721:, and emphasised interdisciplinary examinations that took into account the work of the 680: 656: 361: 312: 245: 1185: 906:, and it was published by Cobbett Press in 1946. The book utilised the anthropologist 5005: 4936: 4914: 4852: 4833: 4814: 4807: 4791: 4767: 1705: 1687: 1583: 1434:

In his final years, Clark continued to receive recognition for his achievements. The

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published articles by prominent archaeologists like Childe, Piggott, Philips, and

589:, presenting different styles of Mesolithic tool as representations of different ' 550: 414:, and he published articles on prehistoric tools in the Natural History Society's 1666:

Clark, Grahame (1985). "The Prehistoric Society: From East Anglia to the World".

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In 1928, Clark began his studies in archaeology, which was then taught alongside

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Over the coming years he would also sit on a range of committees, including the

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within the university's anthropology department. The department was run by the

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Clark gained his undergraduate and doctoral degrees from Peterhouse, Cambridge.

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Creating Prehistory: Druids, Ley Hunters and Archaeologists in Pre-War Britain

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and a British knighthood, and he was the subject of a posthumous biography by

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by an amateur archaeologist, John Moore. Clark visited this site, known as

985: 946:

In 1946, Childe resigned as the Abercromby Professor of Archaeology at the

890: 814: 726: 689: 668: 629: 621: 620:. In 1932, he co-founded the Fenland Research Committee with the botanists 374: 341: 4786:

Coles, John (2010). "Preface". In Arkadiusz Marciniak; John Coles (eds.).

3376: 3244: 2354: 938: 315:. His career was recognised by a number of accolades, including the Dutch 248:. In 1932, he co-founded the Fenland Research Committee, through which he 4978: 4712: 3828: 2584: 1492: 1335: 1130: 1049: 956: 886: 862: 769: 718: 660: 648: 498: 320: 1861: 1180:. After his visited the excavation, Clark proceeded to Turkey to visit 1076: 784: 741: 736:

In 1936, Clark was guided around the Danebirke by German archaeologists

578: 526: 446:, although Clark was unsuccessful in attaining a scholarship to attend 345: 138: 133: 110: 4884: 4851:. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 27–46. 4832:. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. ix–xv. 2474: 1389: 783:

Mollie and Grahame were recruited by Charles Phillips to excavate the

4790:. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 4–26. 3992: 3960: 3944: 3812: 1603: 1595: 1375: 1281:

International Conference of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences

1196: 1110: 1027: 1004: 976: 919: 753: 745: 664: 598: 385: 353: 284: 84: 3362: 3360: 2969: 1573:, an ideological standpoint nurtured since his youth. In books like 3009: 3007: 2990: 2988: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2149: 2066: 1779: 1641: 1602:

sailing, and for many years had a houseboat at the coastal town of

1488: 1118: 915: 625: 518: 253: 2523: 2521: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2082: 2006: 1990: 1925: 1923: 1795: 1598:

and proudly displayed his garden to visitors. Clark had a love of

740:

In the summer of 1936, Clark married Mollie in St Peter's Church,

4619: 4603: 4587: 4487: 3976: 3896: 3860: 3844: 3768: 3752: 3681: 3665: 3637: 3518: 3450: 3357: 3260: 1587: 1578: 1538: 1318:

in 1967, the Wenner-Gren Foundation's Viking Fund Medal in 1971,

1228: 1122: 1084: 989: 810: 777: 701: 529:. It was at the latter that he befriended two fellow excavators, 349: 296: 292: 65: 4654: 4652: 4650: 3796: 3697: 3490: 3341: 3129: 3113: 3004: 2985: 2929: 2886: 2768: 2726: 2686: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1740: 1738: 1223:'s excavation of the Curracurrang rock shelter and was taken by 556: 213:

and palaeoeconomics. He spent most of his career working at the

2628: 2518: 2502: 2458: 2442: 2426: 2333: 2050: 2022: 1920: 1599: 1276: 1157: 525:, an Iron Age hillfort and Neolithic causewayed enclosure near 460: 400:, and became an early subscriber to the archaeological journal 4893:

Smith, Pamela Jane (1997). "Grahame Clark's New Archaeology".

2374: 659:. In June 1933 the couple assisted Philips' excavation of the 4647: 1811: 1735: 780:, with the Clarks requiring hospitalisation for three weeks. 544:

Clark then registered as a doctoral student, being awarded a

4809:

Grahame Clark: An Intellectual Biography of an Archaeologist

4743: 5049:

Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II

4733: 4731: 1036: 537:, who became lifelong friends. He also visited a number of 233: 201:(28 July 1907 – 12 September 1995), who often published as 4355: 4256: 4254: 4142: 4140: 2289: 1338:'s were also produced in his honour: a 1971 volume of the 1203:

in New Zealand, using the opportunity to learn more about

4515: 4475: 4427: 4164: 4083:"Sir Grahame Clark - Archeologist, 88, Studied Stone Age" 3784: 3653: 3409: 3232: 1401:

was published, based on his 1979 Munro Lecture. In 1982,

931:

in the years following the war, now aided by Piggott and

829:

Clark's archaeological career was put on hold during the

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Clark giving his Erasmus Prize acceptance speech in 1990

612:

While conducting his research, he published a number of

260:

and played an instrumental role in transforming it into

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Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England

5089:

Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences

4302: 4300: 2649: 2647: 2559: 2557: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2402: 2323: 2321: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2115: 2113: 2098: 1968: 1966: 1951: 1910: 1908: 1644:

in Poland; it was co-organised by the museum with the

4969:

Disney Professor of Archaeology, Cambridge University

4688: 4635: 4575: 4563: 4551: 4539: 4527: 4503: 4463: 4451: 4415: 4379: 4367: 4324: 4312: 4278: 4266: 4239: 4227: 4200: 4188: 4176: 4152: 4125: 4101: 4060: 4008: 3932: 3740: 3728: 3625: 3573: 3558: 3546: 3534: 3506: 3478: 3466: 3438: 3421: 3392: 3329: 3317: 3276: 3220: 3208: 3196: 845:, being posted to the central interpretative unit at 480:

Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society of East Anglia

4664: 4403: 4391: 4343: 4212: 3181: 3169: 3145: 3086: 3074: 3062: 3047: 3035: 3023: 2957: 2917: 2902: 2874: 2862: 2850: 2835: 2811: 2796: 2747: 2714: 2702: 2659: 2137: 1846: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1271:. In 1968, he published a revised second edition of 1101:. At the event Clark met the American archaeologist 1019:—were influenced by its multidisciplinary approach. 4700: 4676: 4297: 4113: 2644: 2616: 2604: 2578:

The Sutton Hoo Story: Encounters with Early England

2554: 2537: 2490: 2414: 2390: 2318: 2301: 2257: 2245: 2213: 2201: 2177: 2125: 2110: 2038: 1978: 1963: 1939: 1905: 1893: 1458:According to Fagan, Clark was "more concerned with 1227:to witness a living hunter-gatherer society at the 1199:as he spent time as the William Evans Professor at 4806: 1881: 1827: 1760: 1565:Throughout his life, Clark remained a practising 1195:In early 1964, Clark made his first visit to the 1048:and McBurney, although not with others, such as 942:Mesolithic barbed spear points found at Star Carr 5015: 593:', which in turn represented different peoples. 429: 406:. His interest in archaeology was encouraged by 1674:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 1–14. 1650:Committee of Pre- and Proto-historical Sciences 1407:The Identity of Man as Seen by an Archaeologist 1360:The Earlier Stone Age Settlement of Scandinavia 4827: 4749: 4722: 4658: 1503:during the mid-20th century, when his student 1378:to attend the Wheeler Memorial Lecture of the 1040:to hire a research assistant, the first being 609:in London, Clark was awarded his PhD in 1934. 311:the economies and environmental conditions of 5074:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire 568:, which was published to critical acclaim by 1320:Commander of the Order of the British Empire 971:'s excavation of the Iron Age settlement of 824: 796:The Mesolithic Settlement of Northern Europe 169:Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, 1429:Space, Time, and Man: A Prehistorian's View 1347:Problems in Economic and Social Archaeology 1168:, who was assisted by fellow students like 1117:. That year he also spent time in France's 896: 1453: 46: 4883: 1308:Star Carr: A Case Study in Bioarchaeology 4846: 4445: 4146: 4075: 3619: 3599: 1388: 1298:In 1970, Clark retired as editor of the 1139: 1026: 1022: 937: 731: 674: 555: 433: 264:in 1935. He served as the editor of its 4768:"John Grahame Douglas Clark, 1907–1995" 1609: 1326:'s Lucy Wharton old Medal in 1974, the 1287:; his lectures there were published as 1095:Wenner Gren Foundation for Anthropology 564:On the basis of this research he wrote 295:, and the Neolithic site of Hurst Fen, 5044:People educated at Marlborough College 5016: 4872:Bulletin of the History of Archaeology 2575: 1668:Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 1352: 1349:, which again was dedicated to Clark. 962:Prehistoric Europe: the Economic Basis 772:'s excavation of a Mesolithic site at 715:Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 707:Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 331: 299:. In 1951 he was made a Fellow of the 270:Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 4930: 4921: 4892: 4865: 4804: 4785: 4765: 4737: 4718: 4706: 4694: 4682: 4670: 4641: 4629: 4625: 4613: 4609: 4597: 4593: 4581: 4569: 4557: 4545: 4533: 4521: 4509: 4497: 4493: 4481: 4469: 4457: 4433: 4421: 4409: 4397: 4385: 4373: 4361: 4349: 4337: 4318: 4306: 4291: 4272: 4260: 4245: 4233: 4221: 4206: 4194: 4182: 4170: 4158: 4131: 4119: 4107: 4069: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4014: 4002: 3998: 3986: 3982: 3970: 3966: 3954: 3950: 3938: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3906: 3902: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3870: 3866: 3854: 3850: 3838: 3834: 3822: 3818: 3806: 3802: 3790: 3778: 3774: 3762: 3758: 3746: 3734: 3719: 3707: 3703: 3691: 3687: 3675: 3671: 3659: 3647: 3643: 3631: 3615: 3611: 3595: 3591: 3579: 3567: 3552: 3540: 3528: 3524: 3512: 3500: 3496: 3484: 3472: 3460: 3456: 3444: 3432: 3415: 3403: 3386: 3382: 3370: 3366: 3351: 3347: 3335: 3323: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3291: 3270: 3266: 3254: 3250: 3238: 3226: 3214: 3202: 3190: 3175: 3163: 3151: 3139: 3135: 3123: 3119: 3107: 3095: 3080: 3068: 3056: 3041: 3029: 3017: 3013: 2998: 2994: 2979: 2975: 2963: 2951: 2939: 2935: 2923: 2911: 2896: 2892: 2880: 2868: 2856: 2844: 2829: 2817: 2805: 2790: 2778: 2774: 2762: 2741: 2737: 2720: 2708: 2696: 2692: 2680: 2668: 2653: 2638: 2634: 2622: 2610: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2563: 2548: 2531: 2527: 2512: 2508: 2496: 2484: 2480: 2468: 2464: 2452: 2448: 2436: 2432: 2420: 2408: 2396: 2384: 2380: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2348: 2344: 2327: 2312: 2295: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2263: 2251: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2219: 2207: 2195: 2183: 2171: 2159: 2155: 2143: 2131: 2119: 2104: 2092: 2088: 2076: 2072: 2060: 2056: 2044: 2032: 2028: 2016: 2012: 2000: 1996: 1984: 1972: 1957: 1945: 1933: 1929: 1914: 1899: 1887: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1855: 1840: 1821: 1817: 1805: 1801: 1789: 1785: 1773: 1754: 1750: 1665: 1499:Clark encountered the development of 881:. This address was then published in 256:. He was also a senior member of the 1622:— Arkadiusz Marciniak and John Coles 1184:excavation of the Neolithic site at 857:. In 1944 he was transferred to the 760:. In Germany they spent time at the 729:on the latter's visit to Cambridge. 380:In 1921 Clark began an education at 373:, a coastal town on the edge of the 4868:"Clark and Prehistory at Cambridge" 1372:World Prehistory in New Perspective 967:Clark had been very impressed with 13: 4775:Proceedings of the British Academy 2580:. Woodbridge: Boydell. p. 16. 1425:Prehistory at Cambridge and Beyond 1063:, the management committee of the 258:Prehistoric Society of East Anglia 14: 5110: 3722:World prehistory: A new synthesis 1285:University of California-Berkeley 474:Sussex Archaeological Collections 424:The Dawn of European Civilisation 281:Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve 252:several prehistoric sites in the 5099:Disney Professors of Archaeology 5064:Masters of Peterhouse, Cambridge 5059:Fellows of Peterhouse, Cambridge 4935:. Malden and Oxford: Blackwall. 3713: 1693: 1511: 1279:to Japan in order to attend the 209:who specialised in the study of 5054:Alumni of Peterhouse, Cambridge 4996:Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge 4813:. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 4758: 2569: 1659: 1302:. In 1972, Clark spent time at 577:by discussing the technique of 219:Disney Professor of Archaeology 5069:Fellows of the British Academy 1642:Archaeology Museum of Biskupin 1380:Archaeological Survey of India 1334:'s Chandra Medal in 1979. Two 1330:' Gold Medal in 1978, and the 1293:University of California Press 889:characteristics, as it had in 616:in scholarly journals such as 587:culture-historical archaeology 186:Sir John Grahame Douglas Clark 144:culture-historical archaeology 1: 3724:. Cambridge University Press. 1724: 1569:. Politically, he was deeply 1397:In 1980, Clark's short book, 1233:Pennsylvania State University 935:as his editorial assistants. 904:From Savagery to Civilisation 595:The Mesolithic Age in Britain 566:The Mesolithic Age in Britain 430:University education: 1927–34 279:, Clark was drafted into the 4849:Grahame Clark and His Legacy 4830:Grahame Clark and His Legacy 4788:Grahame Clark and His Legacy 1729: 1654:Grahame Clark and His Legacy 1135:World Prehistory: An Outline 326: 7: 4866:Smith, Pamela Jane (1996). 1448:Little St Mary's, Cambridge 657:Gwladys Maud "Mollie" White 360:, Charles Clark joined the 10: 5115: 4750:Marciniak & Coles 2010 4723:Marciniak & Coles 2010 4659:Marciniak & Coles 2010 1646:Polish Academy of Sciences 1496:environmental conditions. 1324:University of Pennsylvania 792:Cambridge University Press 744:. They then embarked on a 570:Cambridge University Press 463:. He attended lectures by 59:John Grahame Douglas Clark 5002: 4993: 4985: 4975: 4966: 4958: 4953: 4907:10.1017/s0003598x00084490 1680:10.1017/S0079497X0000699X 1013:Ozette indigenous village 825:Second World War: 1939–45 768:, who took them to visit 653:Girton College, Cambridge 601:, which was conducted by 448:St John's College, Oxford 422:'s influential 1925 book 390:archaeological excavation 356:. At the outbreak of the 217:, where he was appointed 179: 157: 149:environmental archaeology 126: 121: 109: 104: 100: 92: 73: 54: 45: 23: 5094:Royal Air Force officers 3257:, pp. 143, 169–170. 1364:Science Research Council 1253:Colorado Women's College 1065:Institute of Archaeology 897:Post-war period: 1946–51 879:Institute of Archaeology 272:, from 1933 until 1970. 2576:Carver, Martin (2017). 1545:, and the Oxford-based 1454:Archaeological approach 1405:then published Clark's 1312:Smithsonian Institution 1057:Ancient Monuments Board 948:University of Edinburgh 807:Archaeology and Society 785:Sutton Hoo Mound 1 ship 663:atop Giant's Hill near 583:theoretical perspective 507:Gertrude Caton Thompson 452:University of Cambridge 262:The Prehistoric Society 215:University of Cambridge 171:University of Cambridge 5034:English archaeologists 1619: 1557: 1521: 1501:processual archaeology 1478: 1462:happened rather than 1436:Netherlands Foundation 1394: 1328:Society of Antiquaries 1249:University of Colorado 1241:University of Michigan 1145: 1032: 943: 737: 645:Society of Antiquaries 561: 439: 221:from 1952 to 1974 and 5084:English prehistorians 4805:Fagan, Brian (2001). 3614:, pp. 375, 377; 3385:, pp. 372, 375; 2487:, pp. 62, 63–64. 2298:, pp. 54–55, 58. 1804:, pp. 357, 358; 1614: 1552: 1516: 1473: 1421:Symbols of Excellence 1392: 1382:at the invitation of 1289:Aspects of Prehistory 1269:The Stone Age Hunters 1257:Prehistoric Societies 1245:University of Chicago 1143: 1030: 1023:Disney Chair: 1952–72 941: 924:Leverhulme Fellowship 859:Air Historical Branch 735: 675:Early career: 1935–39 626:East Anglian Fenlands 559: 488:physical anthropology 454:, he applied to join 437: 165:Peterhouse, Cambridge 116:Peterhouse, Cambridge 16:British archaeologist 4989:John Charles Burkill 4931:Stout, Adam (2008). 4364:, pp. xiii–xiv. 4033:, pp. 248–250; 3921:, pp. 383–384; 3837:, pp. 381–382; 3618:, pp. 218–221; 3598:, pp. 216–218; 2075:, pp. 359–360; 1788:, pp. 357–358; 1610:Reception and legacy 1209:University of Sydney 908:Edward Burnett Tylor 444:University of Oxford 5039:People from Bromley 4924:Archaeologia Polona 4524:, pp. 240–241. 4484:, pp. 253–254. 4436:, pp. 172–173. 4173:, pp. 386–387. 4089:. 18 September 1995 4005:, pp. 246–248. 3973:, pp. 243–246. 3957:, pp. 238–241. 3841:, pp. 230–234. 3825:, pp. 229–230. 3793:, pp. 227–228. 3662:, pp. 223–224. 3418:, pp. 182–184. 3389:, pp. 173–174. 3241:, pp. 164–165. 3166:, pp. 146–147. 3110:, pp. 180–181. 2982:, pp. 138–139. 2954:, pp. 128–129. 2832:, pp. 113–114. 2793:, pp. 112–113. 2683:, pp. 107–108. 1575:The Identity of Man 1481:— Pamela Jane Smith 1353:Later life: 1973–95 492:social anthropology 465:economic historians 382:Marlborough College 332:Early life: 1907–27 238:Marlborough College 229:from 1973 to 1980. 105:Academic background 4766:Coles, J. (1997). 4740:, pp. xi–xii. 4087:The New York Times 3720:Clark, G. (1969). 2198:, pp. 30, 46. 2174:, pp. 32, 43. 2162:, pp. 30, 43. 1547:Christopher Hawkes 1399:Mesolithic Prelude 1395: 1304:Uppsala University 1263:published Clark's 1219:. He also visited 1150:radiocarbon dating 1146: 1107:Harvard University 1091:Prehistoric Europe 1033: 944: 805:published Clark's 794:published Clark's 738: 681:assistant lecturer 562: 440: 366:influenza pandemic 362:West Kent Regiment 313:prehistoric Europe 305:visiting professor 246:Mesolithic Britain 240:, he proceeded to 5012: 5011: 5006:Hugh Trevor-Roper 5003:Succeeded by 4976:Succeeded by 4954:Academic offices 4926:. 35–36: 385–408. 4885:10.5334/bha.06103 4263:, pp. 20–21. 3622:, pp. 38–39. 2411:, pp. 66–67. 2286:, pp. 53–54. 2107:, pp. 25–28. 2095:, pp. 64–65. 2019:, pp. 20–21. 2003:, pp. 18–19. 1960:, pp. 16–17. 1584:Margaret Thatcher 1265:coffee table book 1261:Thames and Hudson 1237:Temple University 1217:Australian Museum 1213:Queensland Museum 1129:'s excavation of 1121:region, visiting 839:Volunteer Reserve 614:research articles 450:. Turning to the 412:O. G. S. Crawford 398:Alexander Keiller 254:East Anglian Fens 211:Mesolithic Europe 183: 182: 77:12 September 1995 25:Sir Grahame Clark 5106: 5079:Knights Bachelor 4986:Preceded by 4959:Preceded by 4951: 4950: 4946: 4927: 4918: 4889: 4887: 4862: 4843: 4824: 4812: 4801: 4782: 4772: 4753: 4747: 4741: 4735: 4726: 4725:, pp. ix–x. 4716: 4710: 4704: 4698: 4692: 4686: 4680: 4674: 4668: 4662: 4656: 4645: 4639: 4633: 4623: 4617: 4607: 4601: 4591: 4585: 4579: 4573: 4567: 4561: 4555: 4549: 4543: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4443: 4437: 4431: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4401: 4395: 4389: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4353: 4347: 4341: 4335: 4322: 4316: 4310: 4304: 4295: 4289: 4276: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4249: 4243: 4237: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4210: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4168: 4162: 4156: 4150: 4144: 4135: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4058: 4044: 4038: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 3996: 3990: 3980: 3974: 3964: 3958: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3916: 3910: 3900: 3894: 3880: 3874: 3864: 3858: 3848: 3842: 3832: 3826: 3816: 3810: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3772: 3766: 3756: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3717: 3711: 3701: 3695: 3685: 3679: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3651: 3641: 3635: 3629: 3623: 3609: 3603: 3589: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3464: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3419: 3413: 3407: 3401: 3390: 3380: 3374: 3364: 3355: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3315: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3274: 3264: 3258: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3218: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3133: 3127: 3117: 3111: 3105: 3099: 3093: 3084: 3078: 3072: 3066: 3060: 3054: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3011: 3002: 2992: 2983: 2973: 2967: 2961: 2955: 2949: 2943: 2933: 2927: 2921: 2915: 2909: 2900: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2842: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2745: 2735: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2657: 2651: 2642: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2552: 2546: 2535: 2525: 2516: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2478: 2472: 2462: 2456: 2446: 2440: 2430: 2424: 2418: 2412: 2406: 2400: 2394: 2388: 2378: 2372: 2358: 2352: 2342: 2331: 2325: 2316: 2310: 2299: 2293: 2287: 2273: 2267: 2261: 2255: 2249: 2243: 2229: 2223: 2217: 2211: 2205: 2199: 2193: 2187: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2163: 2153: 2147: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2117: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2086: 2080: 2070: 2064: 2054: 2048: 2042: 2036: 2026: 2020: 2010: 2004: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1961: 1955: 1949: 1943: 1937: 1927: 1918: 1912: 1903: 1897: 1891: 1885: 1879: 1865: 1859: 1858:, pp. 9–10. 1853: 1844: 1838: 1825: 1815: 1809: 1799: 1793: 1783: 1777: 1771: 1758: 1748: 1698: 1697: 1691: 1623: 1561: 1525: 1482: 1438:awarded him the 1368:World Prehistory 1273:World Prehistory 1201:Otago University 1127:Hallam L. Movius 831:Second World War 766:Gustav Schwantes 762:Schleswig Museum 723:natural sciences 694:J. Desmond Clark 686:Charles McBurney 539:Mortimer Wheeler 496:Disney Professor 420:V. Gordon Childe 277:Second World War 266:academic journal 205:, was a British 200: 80: 50: 40: 21: 20: 5114: 5113: 5109: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5103: 5014: 5013: 5008: 4999: 4991: 4981: 4972: 4964: 4949: 4943: 4859: 4840: 4821: 4798: 4770: 4761: 4756: 4748: 4744: 4736: 4729: 4717: 4713: 4705: 4701: 4693: 4689: 4681: 4677: 4669: 4665: 4657: 4648: 4640: 4636: 4628:, p. 382; 4624: 4620: 4612:, p. 368; 4608: 4604: 4596:, p. 383; 4592: 4588: 4580: 4576: 4568: 4564: 4556: 4552: 4544: 4540: 4532: 4528: 4520: 4516: 4508: 4504: 4496:, p. 254; 4492: 4488: 4480: 4476: 4468: 4464: 4456: 4452: 4444: 4440: 4432: 4428: 4420: 4416: 4408: 4404: 4396: 4392: 4384: 4380: 4372: 4368: 4360: 4356: 4348: 4344: 4336: 4325: 4317: 4313: 4305: 4298: 4290: 4279: 4271: 4267: 4259: 4252: 4244: 4240: 4232: 4228: 4220: 4213: 4205: 4201: 4193: 4189: 4181: 4177: 4169: 4165: 4157: 4153: 4145: 4138: 4130: 4126: 4118: 4114: 4106: 4102: 4092: 4090: 4081: 4080: 4076: 4068: 4061: 4053:, p. 250; 4049:, p. 386; 4045: 4041: 4029:, p. 386; 4025: 4021: 4013: 4009: 4001:, p. 385; 3997: 3993: 3985:, p. 374; 3981: 3977: 3969:, p. 385; 3965: 3961: 3953:, p. 385; 3949: 3945: 3937: 3933: 3925:, p. 235; 3917: 3913: 3905:, p. 375; 3901: 3897: 3889:, p. 225; 3885:, p. 384; 3881: 3877: 3869:, p. 382; 3865: 3861: 3853:, p. 378; 3849: 3845: 3833: 3829: 3821:, p. 383; 3817: 3813: 3805:, p. 194; 3801: 3797: 3789: 3785: 3777:, p. 378; 3773: 3769: 3761:, p. 381; 3757: 3753: 3745: 3741: 3733: 3729: 3718: 3714: 3706:, p. 224; 3702: 3698: 3690:, p. 378; 3686: 3682: 3674:, p. 376; 3670: 3666: 3658: 3654: 3646:, p. 379; 3642: 3638: 3630: 3626: 3610: 3606: 3594:, p. 375; 3590: 3586: 3578: 3574: 3566: 3559: 3551: 3547: 3539: 3535: 3527:, p. 376; 3523: 3519: 3511: 3507: 3499:, p. 186; 3495: 3491: 3483: 3479: 3471: 3467: 3459:, p. 375; 3455: 3451: 3443: 3439: 3431: 3422: 3414: 3410: 3402: 3393: 3381: 3377: 3369:, p. 372; 3365: 3358: 3350:, p. 172; 3346: 3342: 3334: 3330: 3322: 3318: 3310:, p. 172; 3306:, p. 373; 3302: 3298: 3290: 3277: 3269:, p. 371; 3265: 3261: 3253:, p. 371; 3249: 3245: 3237: 3233: 3225: 3221: 3213: 3209: 3201: 3197: 3189: 3182: 3174: 3170: 3162: 3158: 3150: 3146: 3138:, p. 401; 3134: 3130: 3122:, p. 370; 3118: 3114: 3106: 3102: 3094: 3087: 3079: 3075: 3067: 3063: 3055: 3048: 3040: 3036: 3028: 3024: 3016:, p. 369; 3012: 3005: 2997:, p. 371; 2993: 2986: 2978:, p. 371; 2974: 2970: 2962: 2958: 2950: 2946: 2938:, p. 369; 2934: 2930: 2922: 2918: 2910: 2903: 2895:, p. 368; 2891: 2887: 2879: 2875: 2867: 2863: 2855: 2851: 2843: 2836: 2828: 2824: 2816: 2812: 2804: 2797: 2789: 2785: 2777:, p. 368; 2773: 2769: 2761: 2748: 2740:, p. 368; 2736: 2727: 2719: 2715: 2707: 2703: 2695:, p. 399; 2691: 2687: 2679: 2675: 2667: 2660: 2652: 2645: 2637:, p. 366; 2633: 2629: 2621: 2617: 2609: 2605: 2593:, p. 366; 2589: 2585: 2574: 2570: 2562: 2555: 2547: 2538: 2530:, p. 361; 2526: 2519: 2511:, p. 365; 2507: 2503: 2495: 2491: 2483:, p. 363; 2479: 2475: 2467:, p. 363; 2463: 2459: 2451:, p. 362; 2447: 2443: 2435:, p. 398; 2431: 2427: 2419: 2415: 2407: 2403: 2395: 2391: 2379: 2375: 2367:, p. 367; 2359: 2355: 2347:, p. 360; 2343: 2334: 2326: 2319: 2311: 2302: 2294: 2290: 2282:, p. 391; 2278:, p. 364; 2274: 2270: 2262: 2258: 2250: 2246: 2238:, p. 391; 2234:, p. 364; 2230: 2226: 2218: 2214: 2206: 2202: 2194: 2190: 2182: 2178: 2170: 2166: 2158:, p. 365; 2154: 2150: 2142: 2138: 2130: 2126: 2118: 2111: 2103: 2099: 2091:, p. 365; 2087: 2083: 2071: 2067: 2059:, p. 359; 2055: 2051: 2043: 2039: 2031:, p. 360; 2027: 2023: 2015:, p. 358; 2011: 2007: 1999:, p. 359; 1995: 1991: 1983: 1979: 1971: 1964: 1956: 1952: 1944: 1940: 1932:, p. 358; 1928: 1921: 1913: 1906: 1898: 1894: 1886: 1882: 1870:, p. 358; 1866: 1862: 1854: 1847: 1839: 1828: 1820:, p. 358; 1816: 1812: 1800: 1796: 1792:, pp. 2–3. 1784: 1780: 1772: 1761: 1753:, p. 357; 1749: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1692: 1662: 1625: 1621: 1612: 1563: 1559: 1527: 1523: 1514: 1505:David L. Clarke 1484: 1480: 1456: 1370:, now retitled 1355: 1332:Asiatic Society 1170:David L. Clarke 1069:British Academy 1025: 1001:North Yorkshire 982:Micklemoor Hill 973:Little Woodbury 912:Bullock's Haste 899: 855:Buckinghamshire 835:Royal Air Force 827: 677: 603:Thomas Kendrick 579:pollen analysis 546:Hugo de Balsham 535:Charles Philips 515:Leonard Woolley 432: 358:First World War 338:reserve officer 334: 329: 301:British Academy 289:North Yorkshire 188: 175: 153: 88: 82: 78: 69: 63: 61: 60: 41: 28: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5112: 5102: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5010: 5009: 5004: 5001: 4992: 4987: 4983: 4982: 4977: 4974: 4965: 4962:Dorothy Garrod 4960: 4956: 4955: 4948: 4947: 4942:978-1405155052 4941: 4928: 4919: 4890: 4863: 4858:978-1443822220 4857: 4844: 4839:978-1443822220 4838: 4825: 4819: 4802: 4797:978-1443822220 4796: 4783: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4754: 4742: 4727: 4711: 4699: 4697:, p. 376. 4687: 4675: 4663: 4646: 4644:, p. 230. 4634: 4632:, p. 222. 4618: 4616:, p. 113. 4602: 4600:, p. 230. 4586: 4584:, p. 383. 4574: 4572:, p. 361. 4562: 4560:, p. 253. 4550: 4548:, p. 245. 4538: 4536:, p. 240. 4526: 4514: 4512:, p. 256. 4502: 4500:, p. 116. 4486: 4474: 4472:, p. 178. 4462: 4460:, p. 177. 4450: 4438: 4426: 4424:, p. 173. 4414: 4402: 4390: 4388:, p. 370. 4378: 4376:, p. 170. 4366: 4354: 4342: 4340:, p. xii. 4323: 4321:, p. 189. 4311: 4296: 4294:, p. xiv. 4277: 4275:, p. 378. 4265: 4250: 4248:, p. 136. 4238: 4236:, p. 111. 4226: 4211: 4209:, p. 403. 4199: 4197:, p. 119. 4187: 4185:, p. 386. 4175: 4163: 4161:, p. 385. 4151: 4136: 4134:, p. 226. 4124: 4112: 4110:, p. 252. 4100: 4074: 4072:, p. 251. 4059: 4039: 4019: 4017:, p. 264. 4007: 3991: 3989:, p. 194. 3975: 3959: 3943: 3941:, p. 237. 3931: 3911: 3909:, p. 213. 3895: 3875: 3873:, p. 235. 3859: 3857:, p. 223. 3843: 3827: 3811: 3795: 3783: 3781:, p. 227. 3767: 3765:, p. 166. 3751: 3749:, p. 381. 3739: 3737:, p. 227. 3727: 3712: 3696: 3694:, p. 224. 3680: 3678:, p. 222. 3664: 3652: 3650:, p. 191. 3636: 3634:, p. 221. 3624: 3604: 3584: 3582:, p. 213. 3572: 3570:, p. 211. 3557: 3555:, p. 223. 3545: 3543:, p. 197. 3533: 3531:, p. 196. 3517: 3515:, p. 187. 3505: 3489: 3487:, p. 210. 3477: 3475:, p. 179. 3465: 3463:, p. 210. 3449: 3447:, p. 185. 3437: 3435:, p. 184. 3420: 3408: 3406:, p. 181. 3391: 3375: 3373:, p. 185. 3356: 3340: 3338:, p. 193. 3328: 3326:, p. 229. 3316: 3296: 3294:, p. 172. 3275: 3273:, p. 170. 3259: 3243: 3231: 3229:, p. 164. 3219: 3217:, p. 163. 3207: 3205:, p. 152. 3195: 3193:, p. 155. 3180: 3178:, p. 149. 3168: 3156: 3154:, p. 146. 3144: 3142:, p. 146. 3128: 3126:, p. 146. 3112: 3100: 3098:, p. 180. 3085: 3083:, p. 142. 3073: 3071:, p. 139. 3061: 3059:, p. 141. 3046: 3044:, p. 138. 3034: 3032:, p. 135. 3022: 3020:, p. 135. 3003: 3001:, p. 139. 2984: 2968: 2966:, p. 127. 2956: 2944: 2942:, p. 128. 2928: 2926:, p. 126. 2916: 2914:, p. 190. 2901: 2899:, p. 125. 2885: 2883:, p. 125. 2873: 2871:, p. 115. 2861: 2859:, p. 117. 2849: 2847:, p. 116. 2834: 2822: 2820:, p. 133. 2810: 2808:, p. 120. 2795: 2783: 2781:, p. 112. 2767: 2765:, p. 112. 2746: 2744:, p. 111. 2725: 2723:, p. 110. 2713: 2711:, p. 399. 2701: 2699:, p. 109. 2685: 2673: 2671:, p. 107. 2658: 2643: 2627: 2615: 2603: 2597:, p. 73; 2583: 2568: 2553: 2536: 2517: 2501: 2489: 2473: 2457: 2441: 2425: 2413: 2401: 2389: 2383:, p. 11; 2373: 2363:, p. 11; 2353: 2332: 2317: 2300: 2288: 2268: 2256: 2244: 2224: 2212: 2200: 2188: 2176: 2164: 2148: 2146:, p. 388. 2136: 2124: 2109: 2097: 2081: 2065: 2049: 2037: 2021: 2005: 1989: 1977: 1962: 1950: 1938: 1919: 1904: 1892: 1880: 1860: 1845: 1826: 1810: 1794: 1778: 1759: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1710:978-0521291781 1702: 1699: 1661: 1658: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1551: 1543:Roger Atkinson 1515: 1513: 1510: 1472: 1455: 1452: 1354: 1351: 1316:Hodgkins Medal 1259:, and in 1967 1225:Norman Tindale 1182:James Mellaart 1174:Charles Higham 1024: 1021: 952:Michael Postan 933:Kenneth Oakley 898: 895: 826: 823: 803:Methuen and Co 698:Mildenhall Fen 676: 673: 607:British Museum 575:climate change 531:Stuart Piggott 511:Dorothy Garrod 469:Michael Postan 431: 428: 333: 330: 328: 325: 203:J. G. D. Clark 181: 180: 177: 176: 174: 173: 167: 161: 159: 155: 154: 152: 151: 146: 141: 136: 130: 128: 127:Sub-discipline 124: 123: 119: 118: 113: 107: 106: 102: 101: 98: 97: 96:United Kingdom 94: 90: 89: 83: 81:(aged 88) 75: 71: 70: 64: 58: 56: 52: 51: 43: 42: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5111: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5021: 5019: 5007: 4998: 4997: 4990: 4984: 4980: 4971: 4970: 4963: 4957: 4952: 4944: 4938: 4934: 4929: 4925: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4864: 4860: 4854: 4850: 4845: 4841: 4835: 4831: 4826: 4822: 4820:0-8133-3602-3 4816: 4811: 4810: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4789: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4769: 4764: 4763: 4751: 4746: 4739: 4734: 4732: 4724: 4721:, p. 2; 4720: 4715: 4708: 4703: 4696: 4691: 4684: 4679: 4673:, p. 33. 4672: 4667: 4661:, p. ix. 4660: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4643: 4638: 4631: 4627: 4622: 4615: 4611: 4606: 4599: 4595: 4590: 4583: 4578: 4571: 4566: 4559: 4554: 4547: 4542: 4535: 4530: 4523: 4518: 4511: 4506: 4499: 4495: 4490: 4483: 4478: 4471: 4466: 4459: 4454: 4448:, p. 30. 4447: 4446:Mulvaney 2010 4442: 4435: 4430: 4423: 4418: 4412:, p. 96. 4411: 4406: 4400:, p. 12. 4399: 4394: 4387: 4382: 4375: 4370: 4363: 4358: 4352:, p. 14. 4351: 4346: 4339: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4320: 4315: 4308: 4303: 4301: 4293: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4274: 4269: 4262: 4257: 4255: 4247: 4242: 4235: 4230: 4224:, p. 21. 4223: 4218: 4216: 4208: 4203: 4196: 4191: 4184: 4179: 4172: 4167: 4160: 4155: 4149:, p. 29. 4148: 4147:Mulvaney 2010 4143: 4141: 4133: 4128: 4121: 4116: 4109: 4104: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4071: 4066: 4064: 4057:, p. 26. 4056: 4052: 4048: 4043: 4037:, p. 25. 4036: 4032: 4028: 4023: 4016: 4011: 4004: 4000: 3995: 3988: 3984: 3979: 3972: 3968: 3963: 3956: 3952: 3947: 3940: 3935: 3929:, p. 22. 3928: 3924: 3920: 3915: 3908: 3904: 3899: 3893:, p. 23. 3892: 3888: 3884: 3879: 3872: 3868: 3863: 3856: 3852: 3847: 3840: 3836: 3831: 3824: 3820: 3815: 3809:, p. 22. 3808: 3804: 3799: 3792: 3787: 3780: 3776: 3771: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3748: 3743: 3736: 3731: 3723: 3716: 3710:, p. 20. 3709: 3705: 3700: 3693: 3689: 3684: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3661: 3656: 3649: 3645: 3640: 3633: 3628: 3621: 3620:Mulvaney 2010 3617: 3613: 3608: 3602:, p. 37. 3601: 3600:Mulvaney 2010 3597: 3593: 3588: 3581: 3576: 3569: 3564: 3562: 3554: 3549: 3542: 3537: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3514: 3509: 3503:, p. 15. 3502: 3498: 3493: 3486: 3481: 3474: 3469: 3462: 3458: 3453: 3446: 3441: 3434: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3417: 3412: 3405: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3372: 3368: 3363: 3361: 3354:, p. 14. 3353: 3349: 3344: 3337: 3332: 3325: 3320: 3314:, p. 13. 3313: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3293: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3272: 3268: 3263: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3240: 3235: 3228: 3223: 3216: 3211: 3204: 3199: 3192: 3187: 3185: 3177: 3172: 3165: 3160: 3153: 3148: 3141: 3137: 3132: 3125: 3121: 3116: 3109: 3104: 3097: 3092: 3090: 3082: 3077: 3070: 3065: 3058: 3053: 3051: 3043: 3038: 3031: 3026: 3019: 3015: 3010: 3008: 3000: 2996: 2991: 2989: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2965: 2960: 2953: 2948: 2941: 2937: 2932: 2925: 2920: 2913: 2908: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2882: 2877: 2870: 2865: 2858: 2853: 2846: 2841: 2839: 2831: 2826: 2819: 2814: 2807: 2802: 2800: 2792: 2787: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2764: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2722: 2717: 2710: 2705: 2698: 2694: 2689: 2682: 2677: 2670: 2665: 2663: 2656:, p. 97. 2655: 2650: 2648: 2641:, p. 96. 2640: 2636: 2631: 2625:, p. 89. 2624: 2619: 2613:, p. 87. 2612: 2607: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2579: 2572: 2566:, p. 94. 2565: 2560: 2558: 2551:, p. 91. 2550: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2534:, p. 91. 2533: 2529: 2524: 2522: 2515:, p. 65. 2514: 2510: 2505: 2499:, p. 65. 2498: 2493: 2486: 2482: 2477: 2471:, p. 63. 2470: 2466: 2461: 2455:, p. 62. 2454: 2450: 2445: 2439:, p. 95. 2438: 2434: 2429: 2423:, p. 58. 2422: 2417: 2410: 2405: 2399:, p. 66. 2398: 2393: 2387:, p. 65. 2386: 2382: 2377: 2371:, p. 65. 2370: 2366: 2362: 2357: 2351:, p. 45. 2350: 2346: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2330:, p. 45. 2329: 2324: 2322: 2315:, p. 61. 2314: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2297: 2292: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2266:, p. 59. 2265: 2260: 2254:, p. 52. 2253: 2248: 2242:, p. 52. 2241: 2237: 2233: 2228: 2222:, p. 48. 2221: 2216: 2210:, p. 49. 2209: 2204: 2197: 2192: 2186:, p. 33. 2185: 2180: 2173: 2168: 2161: 2157: 2152: 2145: 2140: 2134:, p. 30. 2133: 2128: 2122:, p. 28. 2121: 2116: 2114: 2106: 2101: 2094: 2090: 2085: 2079:, p. 25. 2078: 2074: 2069: 2063:, p. 19. 2062: 2058: 2053: 2047:, p. 10. 2046: 2041: 2035:, p. 21. 2034: 2030: 2025: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1987:, p. 15. 1986: 1981: 1975:, p. 17. 1974: 1969: 1967: 1959: 1954: 1948:, p. 14. 1947: 1942: 1936:, p. 16. 1935: 1931: 1926: 1924: 1917:, p. 16. 1916: 1911: 1909: 1902:, p. 13. 1901: 1896: 1890:, p. 11. 1889: 1884: 1877: 1874:, p. 4; 1873: 1869: 1864: 1857: 1852: 1850: 1842: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1775: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1734: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1700: 1696: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1663: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1624: 1618: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1562: 1560:— Brian Fagan 1556: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1524:— Brian Fagan 1520: 1512:Personal life 1509: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1483: 1477: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1440:Erasmus Prize 1437: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1391: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1344:edited volume 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1322:in 1971, the 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1221:Vincent Megaw 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1178:Colin Renfrew 1175: 1171: 1167: 1166:Robert Rodden 1163: 1159: 1155: 1154:Nea Nikomedia 1151: 1142: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1103:Gordon Willey 1100: 1099:New York City 1096: 1092: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1029: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 993: 991: 987: 983: 978: 974: 970: 969:Gerhard Bersu 965: 963: 959: 958: 953: 949: 940: 936: 934: 930: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 894: 892: 888: 887:nationalistic 884: 880: 876: 870: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 851:Little Marlow 848: 847:RAF Medmenham 844: 843:pilot officer 840: 836: 832: 822: 820: 819:Fascist Italy 816: 812: 808: 804: 799: 797: 793: 788: 786: 781: 779: 775: 771: 767: 764:and met with 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 734: 730: 728: 724: 720: 716: 710: 708: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 682: 672: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 633: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 610: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 571: 567: 558: 554: 552: 551:Sophus Müller 547: 542: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 503:Miles Burkitt 500: 497: 493: 489: 484: 482: 481: 476: 475: 470: 466: 462: 457: 453: 449: 445: 436: 427: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 404: 399: 395: 394:Windmill Hill 391: 387: 383: 378: 376: 372: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 324: 322: 318: 317:Erasmus Prize 314: 308: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 273: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 230: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 208: 207:archaeologist 204: 199: 195: 191: 187: 178: 172: 168: 166: 163: 162: 160: 156: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 131: 129: 125: 122:Academic work 120: 117: 114: 112: 108: 103: 99: 95: 91: 86: 76: 72: 67: 57: 53: 49: 44: 39: 35: 31: 22: 19: 4994: 4967: 4932: 4923: 4898: 4894: 4875: 4871: 4848: 4829: 4808: 4787: 4778: 4774: 4759:Bibliography 4752:, p. x. 4745: 4714: 4709:, p. 9. 4702: 4690: 4685:, p. 5. 4678: 4666: 4637: 4621: 4605: 4589: 4577: 4565: 4553: 4541: 4529: 4517: 4505: 4489: 4477: 4465: 4453: 4441: 4429: 4417: 4405: 4393: 4381: 4369: 4357: 4345: 4314: 4309:, p. 1. 4268: 4241: 4229: 4202: 4190: 4178: 4166: 4154: 4127: 4122:, p. 4. 4115: 4103: 4091:. Retrieved 4086: 4077: 4042: 4022: 4010: 3994: 3978: 3962: 3946: 3934: 3914: 3898: 3878: 3862: 3846: 3830: 3814: 3798: 3786: 3770: 3754: 3742: 3730: 3721: 3715: 3699: 3683: 3667: 3655: 3639: 3627: 3607: 3587: 3575: 3548: 3536: 3520: 3508: 3492: 3480: 3468: 3452: 3440: 3411: 3378: 3343: 3331: 3319: 3299: 3262: 3246: 3234: 3222: 3210: 3198: 3171: 3159: 3147: 3131: 3115: 3103: 3076: 3064: 3037: 3025: 2971: 2959: 2947: 2931: 2919: 2888: 2876: 2864: 2852: 2825: 2813: 2786: 2770: 2716: 2704: 2688: 2676: 2630: 2618: 2606: 2601:, p. 8. 2586: 2577: 2571: 2504: 2492: 2476: 2460: 2444: 2428: 2416: 2404: 2392: 2376: 2356: 2291: 2271: 2259: 2247: 2227: 2215: 2203: 2191: 2179: 2167: 2151: 2139: 2127: 2100: 2084: 2068: 2052: 2040: 2024: 2008: 1992: 1980: 1953: 1941: 1895: 1883: 1878:, p. 4. 1863: 1843:, p. 3. 1824:, p. 3. 1813: 1808:, p. 3. 1797: 1781: 1776:, p. 2. 1757:, p. 2. 1671: 1667: 1660:Publications 1653: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1620: 1615: 1592: 1574: 1571:conservative 1564: 1558: 1553: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1522: 1517: 1498: 1485: 1479: 1474: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1457: 1433: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1414: 1411:Edmund Leach 1406: 1398: 1396: 1384:B. 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649:Brian Fagan 641:Proceedings 637:Proceedings 523:The Trundle 499:Ellis Minns 321:Brian Fagan 275:During the 93:Citizenship 5018:Categories 5000:1973–1980 4973:1952–1974 4781:: 357–387. 4738:Fagan 2001 4719:Fagan 2001 4707:Smith 1996 4695:Coles 1997 4683:Coles 2010 4671:Stout 2008 4642:Fagan 2001 4630:Fagan 2001 4626:Coles 1997 4614:Fagan 2001 4610:Coles 1997 4598:Fagan 2001 4594:Coles 1997 4582:Coles 1997 4570:Coles 1997 4558:Fagan 2001 4546:Fagan 2001 4534:Fagan 2001 4522:Fagan 2001 4510:Fagan 2001 4498:Stout 2008 4494:Fagan 2001 4482:Fagan 2001 4470:Fagan 2001 4458:Fagan 2001 4434:Fagan 2001 4422:Fagan 2001 4410:Fagan 2001 4398:Coles 2010 4386:Coles 1997 4374:Fagan 2001 4362:Fagan 2001 4350:Coles 2010 4338:Fagan 2001 4319:Fagan 2001 4307:Fagan 2001 4292:Fagan 2001 4273:Coles 1997 4261:Coles 2010 4246:Fagan 2001 4234:Fagan 2001 4222:Coles 2010 4207:Smith 1998 4195:Fagan 2001 4183:Smith 1998 4171:Smith 1998 4159:Smith 1998 4132:Fagan 2001 4120:Coles 2010 4108:Fagan 2001 4093:20 October 4070:Fagan 2001 4055:Coles 2010 4051:Fagan 2001 4047:Coles 1997 4035:Coles 2010 4031:Fagan 2001 4027:Coles 1997 4015:Fagan 2001 4003:Fagan 2001 3999:Coles 1997 3987:Fagan 2001 3983:Coles 1997 3971:Fagan 2001 3967:Coles 1997 3955:Fagan 2001 3951:Coles 1997 3939:Fagan 2001 3927:Coles 2010 3923:Fagan 2001 3919:Coles 1997 3907:Fagan 2001 3903:Coles 1997 3891:Coles 2010 3887:Fagan 2001 3883:Coles 1997 3871:Fagan 2001 3867:Coles 1997 3855:Fagan 2001 3851:Coles 1997 3839:Fagan 2001 3835:Coles 1997 3823:Fagan 2001 3819:Coles 1997 3807:Coles 2010 3803:Fagan 2001 3791:Fagan 2001 3779:Fagan 2001 3775:Coles 1997 3763:Fagan 2001 3759:Coles 1997 3747:Coles 1997 3735:Fagan 2001 3708:Coles 2010 3704:Fagan 2001 3692:Fagan 2001 3688:Coles 1997 3676:Fagan 2001 3672:Coles 1997 3660:Fagan 2001 3648:Fagan 2001 3644:Coles 1997 3632:Fagan 2001 3616:Fagan 2001 3612:Coles 1997 3596:Fagan 2001 3592:Coles 1997 3580:Fagan 2001 3568:Fagan 2001 3553:Fagan 2001 3541:Fagan 2001 3529:Fagan 2001 3525:Coles 1997 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2857:Fagan 2001 2845:Fagan 2001 2830:Fagan 2001 2818:Fagan 2001 2806:Fagan 2001 2791:Fagan 2001 2779:Fagan 2001 2775:Coles 1997 2763:Fagan 2001 2742:Fagan 2001 2738:Coles 1997 2721:Fagan 2001 2709:Smith 1998 2697:Fagan 2001 2693:Smith 1998 2681:Fagan 2001 2669:Fagan 2001 2654:Fagan 2001 2639:Fagan 2001 2635:Coles 1997 2623:Fagan 2001 2611:Fagan 2001 2599:Coles 2010 2595:Fagan 2001 2591:Coles 1997 2564:Fagan 2001 2549:Fagan 2001 2532:Fagan 2001 2528:Coles 1997 2513:Fagan 2001 2509:Coles 1997 2497:Fagan 2001 2485:Fagan 2001 2481:Coles 1997 2469:Fagan 2001 2465:Coles 1997 2453:Fagan 2001 2449:Coles 1997 2437:Fagan 2001 2433:Smith 1998 2421:Fagan 2001 2409:Fagan 2001 2397:Fagan 2001 2385:Fagan 2001 2381:Smith 1996 2369:Fagan 2001 2365:Coles 1997 2361:Smith 1996 2349:Fagan 2001 2345:Coles 1997 2328:Fagan 2001 2313:Fagan 2001 2296:Fagan 2001 2284:Fagan 2001 2280:Smith 1998 2276:Coles 1997 2264:Fagan 2001 2252:Fagan 2001 2240:Fagan 2001 2236:Smith 1998 2232:Coles 1997 2220:Fagan 2001 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410:s editor, 408:Antiquity' 348:, near to 346:Shortlands 242:Peterhouse 227:Peterhouse 139:Mesolithic 134:Prehistory 111:Alma mater 4915:163205936 4901:: 11–30. 4895:Antiquity 1730:Footnotes 1688:131148360 1604:Aldeburgh 1596:gardening 1567:Christian 1376:New Delhi 1197:Antipodes 1162:Macedonia 1125:cave and 1005:Star Carr 977:Wiltshire 920:Cottenham 883:Antiquity 861:based in 790:In 1936, 787:in 1939. 774:Meiendorf 754:Danevirke 750:Antiquity 746:honeymoon 665:Skendleby 618:Antiquity 599:oral exam 521:and then 403:Antiquity 386:Wiltshire 354:West Kent 327:Biography 285:Star Carr 250:excavated 87:, England 85:Cambridge 68:, England 1648:and the 1489:folklore 1119:Dordogne 1113:for the 916:Car Dyke 801:In 1939 756:and the 591:cultures 519:Brighton 477:and the 232:Born in 1588:elitist 1579:liberty 1541:-based 1539:Cardiff 1403:Methuen 1291:by the 1229:Papunya 1123:Lascaux 1085:Suffolk 990:Norfolk 811:Marxist 778:Randers 702:Farnham 605:at the 416:Reports 396:run by 371:Seaford 350:Bromley 340:in the 297:Suffolk 293:Norfolk 66:Bromley 4939: 4913: 4855: 4836: 4817: 4794: 1708: 1686: 1600:dinghy 1416:Nature 1277:Moscow 1251:, and 1247:, the 1243:, the 1239:, the 1176:, and 1158:Veroia 837:(RAF) 692:, and 655:named 461:tripos 268:, the 223:Master 4911:S2CID 4771:(PDF) 1684:S2CID 1586:. An 1205:Maori 984:near 918:near 841:as a 622:Harry 467:like 196: 192: 36: 32: 4937:ISBN 4853:ISBN 4834:ISBN 4815:ISBN 4792:ISBN 4095:2015 1706:ISBN 1491:and 1460:what 1413:for 1037:Sc.D 817:and 533:and 490:and 234:Kent 74:Died 55:Born 4903:doi 4880:doi 1676:doi 1468:why 1466:or 1464:how 1314:'s 1097:in 1083:in 1015:in 999:in 988:in 975:in 585:of 392:of 384:in 352:in 287:in 225:of 198:FSA 194:FBA 190:CBE 38:FSA 34:FBA 30:CBE 5020:: 4909:. 4899:71 4897:. 4874:. 4870:. 4779:94 4777:. 4773:. 4730:^ 4649:^ 4326:^ 4299:^ 4280:^ 4253:^ 4214:^ 4139:^ 4085:. 4062:^ 3560:^ 3423:^ 3394:^ 3359:^ 3278:^ 3183:^ 3088:^ 3049:^ 3006:^ 2987:^ 2904:^ 2837:^ 2798:^ 2749:^ 2728:^ 2661:^ 2646:^ 2556:^ 2539:^ 2520:^ 2335:^ 2320:^ 2303:^ 2112:^ 1965:^ 1922:^ 1907:^ 1848:^ 1829:^ 1762:^ 1737:^ 1682:. 1672:51 1670:. 1386:. 1267:, 1235:, 1211:, 1172:, 1059:, 1052:. 893:. 853:, 709:. 688:, 671:. 667:, 513:, 509:, 483:. 323:. 4945:. 4917:. 4905:: 4888:. 4882:: 4876:6 4861:. 4842:. 4823:. 4800:. 4097:. 1690:. 1678::

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