659:
766:
1478:
136:
542:
2203:
2661:
586:
111:
424:
1412:
677:) The height of the tooth crown is less than the greatest tooth crown diameter behind the seventh maxillary tooth. The crown length is greater than the crown width in front of the tenth maxillary tooth. The maxilla is long and the frontal is narrow. The frontal bone slightly enters the orbits dorsally.
1895:
sp. (Reptilia; Mosasauridae) dentary in the Sharon
Springs Member of the Pierre Shale (Middle Campanian) of Western Kansas. p. 23-29 in Farley G. H. and Choate, J.R. (eds.), Unlocking the Unknown; Papers Honoring Dr. Richard Zakrzewski, Fort Hays Studies, Special Issue No. 2, 153 p., Fort Hays
683:
Russell, 1975 - The height of the tooth crown is less than the greatest tooth crown diameter behind the fourth maxillary tooth. The crown length is greater than the crown width in front of the tenth maxillary tooth. The maxilla is long and the frontal is broad. The frontal bone does not enter the
712:
2019 from
Morocco. A complete mandible and partial skull was recovered, showing large jaw adductor musculature attachment points indicative of hard shelled prey. A shortened dentary with respect to the Posterior Mandibular Unit relative to other globidensine mosasaurs supports this as well.
1907:(Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale Group of central South Dakota, USA. Pages 167-176 in Martin, J. E. and Parris D. C. (eds.), The Geology and Paleontology of the Late Cretaceous Marine Deposits of the Dakotas. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 427. (
808:
and, to an extent, Mosasauridae in a phylogenetic tree is somewhat unclear and specific placement of genera varies between many morphological and molecular tests. It is generally agreed that
Mosasauridae is a sister group to Pythonomorpha, which includes all snakes. Within Mosasauridae,
713:
Postcranial remains were also recovered and histological analysis of one rib showed increased bone compactness reminiscent of conditions seen in early stages of marine tetrapod evolution, suggesting increased ability to stay submerged for long periods along the sea floor.
465:, plesiosaurs, and other mosasaurs. In some later mosasaur species, their teeth were modified to rend flesh as well. While many other mosasaurs were capable of crushing the shells of ammonites or turtles, none were as specialized for dealing with armored prey as
1899:
Huene, E. von. 1935. Mosasaurier-Zähne von Timor. Centralblatt fur
Mineralogie. Geologic und Palaeontologie; in Verbindung mit dens Neuen Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaeontologie. Stuttgart. Abt. B 10 412-416, 3 figs. (in
568:
are characteristic of
Globidensini. However, the degree of rounding on individual teeth may be indicative of genus or even species. Marginal teeth in Globidens become most subspherical toward the center of the jaws. Additionally,
1425:
was uniquely adapted to take advantage of hard-shelled prey in comparison to other mosasaurs. In addition to a generally robust skull, its teeth are adapted for crushing rather than piercing or tearing. It is believed that
1540:
Cooper, S.L.A.; Marson, K.J.; Smith, R.E.; Martill, D. (2022). "Contrasting preservation in pycnodont fishes reveals first record of regurgitalites from the Upper
Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Moroccan phosphate deposits".
1465:
has been discovered primarily in North
America and in parts of northern and western Africa, such as Morocco and Angola, although specimens from the Middle East and eastern South America have been found as well.
1713:
LeBlanc, Aaron; Mohr, Sydney; Caldwell, Michael (2019). "Insights into the anatomy and functional morphology of durophagous mosasaurines (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from a new species of
Globidens from Morocco".
1864:, a shell-crushing mosasaur (Squamata), from the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale Group, Big Bend area of the Missouri River, central South Dakota. Geological Society of America Special Papers, 427:167-176.
1824:
Aaron R. H. Leblanc, Michael W. Caldwell and
Nathalie Bardet (2012). "A new mosasaurine from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) phosphates of Morocco and its implications for mosasaurine systematics".
556:
had a stout, powerfully built skull. In addition, a few of its notable skull characteristics include a small parietal foramen located entirely within the parietal, tuberosities present on the
619:. However, it may be noted that the original location from which the specimen was taken is not precisely known, as Gilmore was examining a specimen that had been collected earlier.
457:
differed from those of other mosasaurs in being rounded or “globular”, giving rise to its generic name. Most mosasaurs had sharp teeth evolved to grab soft, slippery prey like
1513:
Polcyn, Michael J.; Jacobs, Louis L.; Schulp, Anne S.; Mateus, Octávio (1 March 2010). "The North
African Mosasaur Globidens phosphaticus from the Maastrichtian of Angola".
1683:
499:
had a robustly built skull with tightly-articulating jaws and a strong bite that played a large role in the animal’s ability to penetrate the armor of its shelled prey.
2577:
437:
was a relatively medium-sized mosasaur, measuring about 5–6 metres (16–20 ft) long. It was similar in appearance to other mosasaurs, with its streamlined body,
1746:
Schulp, Anne S.; Jagt, John W. M.; Fonken, Frans (2004-09-10). "New material of the mosasaur Carinodens belgicus from the Upper Cretaceous of the Netherlands".
607:. Using an incomplete specimen made of only of a partial skull with several teeth, a single cervical vertebra, and numerous fragments, Gilmore identified
1811:
Caldwell, M. W. 1999. Squamate phylogeny and the relationships of snakes and mosasauroids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 125(1):115-147
2737:
615:. The genus name was based on the globular structure of the specimen's teeth and the species name on the location in which it was discovered:
2648:
552:
Studies since Gilmore's assessment establish more specific and more complete lists of diagnostic features. Gilmore correctly inferred that
1851:
Massare, J. A. 1987. Tooth Morphology and Prey Preference of Mesozoic Marine Reptiles. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 7(2):121-137.
2816:
1651:"Durophagous Mosasauridae (Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous phosphates of Morocco, with description of a new species of Globidens"
2724:
522:, and the characteristic globular teeth with finely wrinkled enamel. Gilmore concluded that the skull characters were similar to
2801:
1943:
1736:
Zdansky, O. 1935. The occurrence of mosasaurs in Egypt and in Africa in general. Bulletin de l’Institut d’Egypte 17: 83-94.
2796:
123:
1599:
594:
1759:
1442:. Stomach contents of a specimen found in South Dakota support prior assumptions, showing the crushed shells of
828:
of mosasaurs and related taxa modified from Aaron R. H. Leblanc, Michael W. Caldwell and Nathalie Bardet, 2012:
361:, which consists of several genera of predatory marine lizards of various sizes that were prevalent during the
2638:
1579:
Russel, Dale (1975). "A new species of Globidens from South Dakota, and a review of globidentine mosasaurs".
2811:
1179:
564:
with a rostrum anterior to the premaxillary teeth. The rounded teeth with finely wrinkled enamel seen in
2806:
1936:
135:
2821:
2029:
1251:
1022:
1104:
897:
658:
2643:
1491:
1458:
2768:
2679:
1227:
765:
473:
had semispherical teeth with rounded points suited for crushing tough, armored prey, including
2742:
2791:
2763:
2755:
1929:
1880:
Polcyn, M. J., Jacobs, L. L., Schulp, A. S., and Mateus, O. 2010. The North African Mosasaur
1203:
1046:
2202:
1823:
1457:, like other mosasaurs, lived in the warm, shallow seas of the Late Cretaceous, such as the
393:
is probably most well known for the highly rounded, globe-like teeth that give it its name.
2711:
1275:
1087:
510:, made note of characteristics observable in parts of the skull, the teeth, and one of the
8:
1483:
1292:
947:
914:
880:
849:
1918:
from South Dakota. Fieldiana Geology, 33(13): 235-256. (Field Museum of Natural History)
1785:
E. VON HUENE, 1935: not a durophagous mosasaur, but an enigmatic Triassic ichthyosaur".
2664:
1155:
1070:
604:
511:
404:
130:
2750:
2346:
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1763:
1695:
438:
2621:
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2123:
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1865:
1834:
1794:
1755:
1719:
1662:
1550:
1522:
1554:
2614:
2550:
2515:
2471:
2353:
2332:
2269:
2254:
1838:
362:
1798:
1723:
1649:
Bardet, N.; Pereda Suberbiola, X.; Iarochene, M.; Amalik, M.; Bouya, B. (2005).
2487:
2418:
2159:
2105:
1688:(Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the late Campanian-early Maastrichtian of Jordan"
728:
574:
408:
267:
1869:
1667:
1650:
1526:
630:(Russel 1975), which is sometimes used as a secondary type specimen alongside
2785:
2702:
2591:
2563:
2521:
2494:
2453:
2409:
2380:
2139:
2098:
2050:
1767:
1699:
541:
386:
68:
2542:
2436:
2373:
2364:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2278:
2211:
2166:
2132:
2075:
2022:
2001:
1992:
1627:
Lingham-Soliar, T. (1991). "Mosasaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Niger".
835:
784:
780:
560:, a longitudinal crest present on the dorsal surface of the frontal, and a
534:
519:
358:
350:
346:
229:
573:
had thirteen maxillary teeth and either lacked or showed only rudimentary
2607:
2600:
2584:
2556:
2535:
2528:
2480:
2425:
2394:
2339:
2231:
2187:
2173:
2150:
2015:
1008:
754:
524:
43:
2729:
2460:
2446:
2247:
2180:
2084:
2064:
2036:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1443:
789:
783:, which includes several mosasaur lineages, and within that, the Tribe
740:
561:
491:
203:
88:
53:
30:
1648:
2570:
2387:
2240:
2220:
2008:
1508:
1506:
1439:
825:
147:
93:
37:
2673:
1884:
from the Maastrichtian of Angola. Historical Biology, 22(3):175-185.
1561:
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1982:
1976:
1970:
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1431:
751:
482:
478:
338:
216:
187:
167:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
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515:
486:
378:
331:
177:
110:
98:
73:
2716:
2043:
1964:
1903:
Martin, J. E. 2007. A new species of the durophagous mosasaur,
474:
423:
374:
370:
342:
157:
1780:
1617:
557:
462:
450:
382:
334:
1921:
1787:
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen
1411:
1760:
10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0744:NMOTMC]2.0.CO;2
458:
442:
1600:"A new mosasauroid reptile from the Cretaceous of Alabama"
634:. Some specimens previously thought to be new species of
446:
1539:
1512:
1415:
Lateral and oblique, medial view of the left maxilla of
626:, several other species have been identified, including
1860:
Martin, J. E. and Fox, J. E. 2007. Stomach contents of
1644:
1642:
1473:
1712:
1692:
Fossils of the Harrana Fauna and the Adjacent Areas
1694:. Amman: Eternal River Museum of Natural History.
1639:
638:have since been reassigned to other taxa, such as
2783:
1745:
1607:Proceedings of the United States National Museum
1430:was a durophagous predator, eating hard-shelled
1819:
1817:
1626:
1937:
2649:List of mosasaur-bearing stratigraphic units
1814:
514:. He made note of a long snout with a large
690:Bardet et al. 2005 from Morocco and Angola.
611:as a new genus and named his type specimen
2230:
1944:
1930:
1891:Everhart, M.J. 2008. Rare occurrence of a
1781:Eric W.A. Mulder; John W.M. Jagt (2019). "
1591:
109:
1716:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1666:
1914:Russell, Dale A. 1975. A new species of
1410:
764:
657:
584:
540:
422:
1681:
1597:
580:
2784:
1578:
797:is thus regarded as a sister taxon of
2678:
2677:
1925:
717:
506:, based on an incomplete specimen of
662:Holotype maxilla (USNM 6527.jpg) of
726:Zdansky, 1935; now type species of
646:, which is now a type specimen for
642:, or placed in a new taxa, such as
13:
1827:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1748:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1739:
1655:Netherlands Journal of Geosciences
702:Kaddumi, 2009 from central Jordan.
622:Since Gilmore's identification of
296:Bardet and Pereda-Suberbiola, 2005
124:National Museum of Natural History
14:
2833:
760:
2817:Taxa named by Charles W. Gilmore
2660:
2659:
2201:
1476:
787:, which also includes the genus
750:Huene, 1935; reinterpreted as a
738:Dollo 1913; now type species of
577:teeth on the roof of its mouth.
502:Gilmore's initial assessment of
134:
41:
1874:
1854:
1845:
1805:
1774:
1449:
1406:
603:was first described in 1912 by
595:Field Museum of Natural History
403:described, in a publication by
1730:
1706:
1675:
1533:
817:, although some placements of
418:
1:
2802:Fossil taxa described in 1912
2639:Timeline of mosasaur research
1951:
1555:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105111
1497:
779:resides within the subfamily
489:. Like its larger relative,
1839:10.1080/02724634.2012.624145
1598:Gilmore, Charles W. (1912).
821:specimens are questionable.
7:
1896:State University, Hays, KS.
1469:
1180:Plesiotylosaurus crassidens
10:
2838:
2797:Mosasaurs of North America
1461:of North America. So far,
653:
407:(1912). It is used as the
345:classified as part of the
2686:
2657:
2631:
2509:Related groups and genera
2508:
2470:
2435:
2408:
2363:
2322:
2288:
2268:
2210:
2199:
2149:
2122:
2074:
1991:
1959:
1724:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz008
1682:Kaddumi, Hani F. (2009).
1668:10.1017/S0016774600020953
1527:10.1080/08912961003754978
1289:
1272:
1265:
1252:Prognathodon waiparaensis
1248:
1241:
1224:
1217:
1200:
1193:
1176:
1169:
1152:
1145:
1101:
1084:
1067:
1060:
1043:
1036:
1023:Eremiasaurus heterodontus
1019:
1012:
1002:
985:
968:
961:
944:
937:
911:
894:
877:
870:
863:
846:
839:
813:is generally placed near
399:was the first species of
259:
254:
131:Scientific classification
129:
117:
108:
23:
1105:Mosasaurus missouriensis
898:Clidastes moorevillensis
441:, a laterally flattened
369:have been discovered in
16:Extinct genus of lizards
2644:List of mosasaur genera
1799:10.1127/njgpa/2019/0835
1783:Globidens(?) timorensis
1492:List of marine reptiles
1459:Western Interior Seaway
545:Reconstructed skull of
118:Reconstructed skull of
1882:Globidens phosphaticus
1419:
1228:Prognathodon saturator
972:Globidens alabamaensis
773:
671:Globidens alabamaensis
666:
613:Globidens alabamaensis
597:
549:
431:
397:Globidens alabamaensis
357:belongs to the family
330:("Globe teeth") is an
2764:Paleobiology Database
1870:10.1130/2007.2427(12)
1414:
1204:Prognathodon overtoni
1047:Plotosaurus bennisoni
948:"Prognathodon" kianda
768:
724:Globidens aegyptiacus
661:
588:
544:
528:or, more closely, to
426:
29:Temporal range: Late
1909:Globidens schurmanni
1276:Prognathodon solvayi
1156:"Prognathodon" rapax
1088:Mosasaurus hoffmanni
989:Globidens dakotensis
748:Globidens timorensis
581:History of discovery
532:(which is currently
427:Life restoration of
2812:Mosasaurs of Africa
1543:Cretaceous Research
1484:Paleontology portal
1293:Prognathodon currii
915:Clidastes propython
881:Clidastes liodontus
850:Dallasaurus turneri
389:. Among mosasaurs,
1684:"A new species of
1515:Historical Biology
1420:
1071:Mosasaurus conodon
774:
718:Reassigned species
667:
605:Charles W. Gilmore
598:
550:
518:, a large, sturdy
512:cervical vertebrae
432:
405:Charles W. Gilmore
2807:Mosasaurs of Asia
2779:
2778:
2751:Open Tree of Life
2680:Taxon identifiers
2671:
2670:
2504:
2503:
2404:
2403:
2347:Plesioplatecarpus
2290:Plioplatecarpinae
2264:
2263:
2197:
2196:
1581:Fieldiana Geology
1403:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1384:
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1348:
1340:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1115:
926:
925:
673:Gilmore, 1912 - (
323:
322:
317:
305:
297:
289:
281:
273:
250:
2829:
2822:Mooreville Chalk
2772:
2771:
2759:
2758:
2746:
2745:
2733:
2732:
2720:
2719:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2675:
2674:
2663:
2662:
2632:Related articles
2622:Vallecillosaurus
2324:Plioplatecarpini
2320:
2319:
2286:
2285:
2228:
2227:
2205:
2124:Prognathodontini
2072:
2071:
2058:Plesiotylosaurus
1946:
1939:
1932:
1923:
1922:
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1878:
1872:
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1613:(1870): 479–484.
1604:
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1521:(1–3): 175–185.
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736:Globidens fraasi
684:orbits dorsally.
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2723:
2715:
2710:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2682:
2672:
2667:
2653:
2627:
2615:Portunatasaurus
2551:Dolichosauridae
2516:Aigialosauridae
2500:
2472:Yaguarasaurinae
2466:
2431:
2400:
2359:
2354:Plioplatecarpus
2333:Latoplatecarpus
2318:
2284:
2270:Russellosaurina
2260:
2255:Phosphorosaurus
2226:
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2193:
2145:
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1417:G. alabamaensis
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1359:
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1341:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1135:
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1117:
927:
770:G. phosphaticus
763:
720:
688:G. phosphaticus
664:G. alabamaensis
656:
632:G. alabamaensis
593:(bottom view),
583:
508:G. alabamaensis
445:, and powerful
429:G. alabamaensis
421:
365:. Specimens of
363:Late Cretaceous
293:G. phosphaticus
271:
263:G. alabamaensis
247:
239:
226:
213:
200:
133:
120:G. phosphaticus
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2532:
2525:
2512:
2510:
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2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2491:
2488:Russellosaurus
2484:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2441:
2439:
2433:
2432:
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2419:Pannoniasaurus
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2328:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2294:
2292:
2283:
2282:
2274:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2216:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2160:Bentiabasaurus
2155:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2128:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2106:Igdamanosaurus
2102:
2095:
2088:
2080:
2078:
2069:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1886:
1873:
1853:
1844:
1813:
1804:
1793:(1): 107–116.
1773:
1754:(3): 744–747.
1738:
1729:
1705:
1674:
1661:(3): 167–176.
1638:
1616:
1590:
1587:(13): 235–256.
1560:
1532:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1471:
1468:
1451:
1448:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
994:
993:
984:
981:
980:
977:
976:
967:
962:
960:
957:
956:
953:
952:
943:
938:
936:
933:
932:
929:
928:
924:
923:
920:
919:
910:
907:
906:
903:
902:
893:
890:
889:
886:
885:
876:
871:
869:
864:
862:
859:
858:
855:
854:
845:
840:
838:
830:
762:
761:Classification
759:
758:
757:
745:
733:
729:Igdamanosaurus
719:
716:
715:
714:
703:
697:
691:
685:
681:G. dakotaensis
678:
655:
652:
648:Igdamanosaurus
582:
579:
420:
417:
321:
320:
319:
318:
306:
298:
290:
282:
274:
257:
256:
252:
251:
237:
233:
232:
224:
220:
219:
211:
207:
206:
198:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
115:
114:
106:
105:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2834:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2770:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2666:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2592:Tetrapodophis
2589:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2564:Dolichosaurus
2561:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2522:Aigialosaurus
2519:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2496:
2495:Yaguarasaurus
2492:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2454:Taniwhasaurus
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2410:Tethysaurinae
2407:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2381:Goronyosaurus
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2140:Thalassotitan
2137:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2099:Harranasaurus
2096:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2051:Megapterygius
2048:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1848:
1840:
1836:
1833:(1): 82–104.
1832:
1828:
1820:
1818:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1733:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1645:
1643:
1635:(3): 653–670.
1634:
1630:
1629:Palaeontology
1623:
1621:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1556:
1552:
1549:(4). 105111.
1548:
1544:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1474:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1413:
1399:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1381:
1380:
1372:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1336:
1335:
1327:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1121:
1120:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
992:
991:
990:
983:
982:
979:
978:
975:
974:
973:
966:
965:
959:
958:
955:
954:
951:
950:
949:
942:
941:
935:
934:
931:
930:
922:
921:
918:
917:
916:
909:
908:
905:
904:
901:
900:
899:
892:
891:
888:
887:
884:
883:
882:
875:
874:
868:
867:
861:
860:
857:
856:
853:
852:
851:
844:
843:
837:
834:
833:
829:
827:
822:
820:
816:
812:
807:
804:Placement of
802:
800:
796:
792:
791:
786:
782:
778:
771:
767:
756:
753:
749:
746:
743:
742:
737:
734:
731:
730:
725:
722:
721:
711:
707:
704:
701:
698:
696:Martin, 2007.
695:
694:G. schurmanni
692:
689:
686:
682:
679:
676:
672:
669:
668:
665:
660:
651:
649:
645:
644:G. aegypticus
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:G. dakotensis
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
596:
592:
591:G. dakotensis
587:
578:
576:
572:
567:
563:
559:
555:
548:
547:G. dakotensis
543:
539:
537:
536:
531:
527:
526:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
493:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
430:
425:
416:
414:
411:specimen for
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
392:
388:
387:United States
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
349:tribe in the
348:
344:
340:
336:
333:
329:
328:
315:
310:
307:
302:
301:G. schurmanni
299:
294:
291:
288:Kaddumi, 2009
286:
283:
280:Russell, 1975
278:
277:G. dakotensis
275:
272:Gilmore, 1912
269:
264:
261:
260:
258:
253:
249:Gilmore, 1912
246:
245:
238:
235:
234:
231:
225:
222:
221:
218:
212:
209:
208:
205:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
132:
128:
125:
121:
116:
112:
107:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
36:84.9–66
32:
26:
22:
19:
2792:Mosasaurines
2687:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2543:Opetiosaurus
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2437:Tylosaurinae
2424:
2417:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2374:Gavialimimus
2372:
2365:Selmasaurini
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2313:Sarabosaurus
2311:
2306:Ectenosaurus
2304:
2299:Angolasaurus
2297:
2279:Haasiasaurus
2277:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2219:
2212:Halisaurinae
2186:
2179:
2172:
2167:Eremiasaurus
2165:
2158:
2138:
2133:Prognathodon
2131:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2076:Globidensini
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2023:Gnathomortis
2021:
2014:
2007:
2002:Amphekepubis
2000:
1993:Mosasaurinae
1915:
1908:
1904:
1892:
1881:
1876:
1861:
1856:
1847:
1830:
1826:
1807:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1732:
1715:
1708:
1691:
1685:
1677:
1658:
1654:
1632:
1628:
1610:
1606:
1593:
1584:
1580:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1518:
1514:
1462:
1454:
1453:
1450:Paleoecology
1427:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1407:Paleobiology
1291:
1290:
1274:
1273:
1250:
1249:
1226:
1225:
1202:
1201:
1178:
1177:
1154:
1153:
1103:
1102:
1086:
1085:
1069:
1068:
1045:
1044:
1021:
1020:
988:
987:
986:
971:
970:
969:
946:
945:
913:
912:
896:
895:
879:
878:
848:
847:
836:Mosasaurinae
823:
819:Prognathodon
818:
815:Prognathodon
814:
810:
805:
803:
798:
794:
788:
785:Globidensini
781:Mosasaurinae
776:
775:
769:
747:
739:
735:
727:
723:
709:
705:
700:G. hisaensis
699:
693:
687:
680:
675:Generic type
674:
670:
663:
647:
643:
640:Prognathodon
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
621:
612:
608:
600:
599:
590:
570:
565:
553:
551:
546:
535:Prognathodon
533:
530:Brachysaurus
529:
523:
520:frontal bone
507:
503:
501:
496:
490:
470:
466:
454:
434:
433:
428:
412:
400:
396:
395:
390:
366:
359:Mosasauridae
354:
351:Mosasaurinae
347:Globidensini
326:
325:
324:
313:
308:
304:Martin, 2007
300:
292:
285:G. hisaensis
284:
276:
262:
243:
242:
230:Globidensini
217:Mosasauridae
194:
119:
24:
18:
2608:Judeasaurus
2601:Adriosaurus
2585:Pontosaurus
2557:Coniasaurus
2536:Komensaurus
2529:Carsosaurus
2481:Romeosaurus
2426:Tethysaurus
2395:Selmasaurus
2340:Platecarpus
2232:Halisaurini
2188:Plotosaurus
2174:Moanasaurus
2151:Mosasaurini
2030:Jormungandr
2016:Dallasaurus
1009:Mosasaurini
824:Below is a
755:ichthyosaur
525:Platecarpus
419:Description
353:subfamily.
2786:Categories
2578:Primitivus
2461:Tylosaurus
2447:Kaikaifilu
2248:Halisaurus
2181:Mosasaurus
2085:Carinodens
2065:Stelladens
2037:Kourisodon
1498:References
1444:inoceramid
795:Carinodens
790:Carinodens
741:Carinodens
706:G. simplex
562:premaxilla
492:Mosasaurus
339:mosasaurid
309:G. simplex
204:Mosasauria
31:Cretaceous
2688:Globidens
2571:Kaganaias
2388:Khinjaria
2241:Eonatator
2221:Pluridens
2092:Globidens
2009:Clidastes
1963:Kingdom:
1953:Mosasaurs
1916:Globidens
1905:Globidens
1893:Globidens
1862:Globidens
1768:0272-4634
1700:709582892
1686:Globidens
1463:Globidens
1455:Globidens
1440:ammonites
1428:Globidens
1423:Globidens
826:cladogram
811:Globidens
806:Globidens
799:Globidens
777:Globidens
636:Globidens
624:Globidens
609:Globidens
601:Globidens
589:Skull of
575:pterygoid
571:Globidens
566:Globidens
554:Globidens
504:Globidens
497:Globidens
479:ammonites
471:Globidens
467:Globidens
455:Globidens
435:Globidens
413:Globidens
401:Globidens
391:Globidens
367:Globidens
355:Globidens
327:Globidens
244:Globidens
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
25:Globidens
2697:Wikidata
2665:Category
2113:Xenodens
1983:Squamata
1977:Reptilia
1971:Chordata
1969:Phylum:
1965:Animalia
1470:See also
1436:bivalves
1434:such as
1432:mollusks
752:Triassic
708:LeBlanc
487:bivalves
439:flippers
385:and the
341:oceanic
312:LeBlanc
255:Species
210:Family:
188:Squamata
178:Reptilia
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
2756:4945982
2743:1421522
2730:4819776
2717:4518655
2703:Q141401
1981:Order:
1975:Class:
1900:German)
1446:clams.
654:Species
617:Alabama
516:maxilla
483:nautili
475:turtles
379:Morocco
332:extinct
236:Genus:
223:Tribe:
184:Order:
174:Class:
2044:Liodon
1766:
1698:
710:et al.
485:, and
449:. The
375:Brazil
371:Angola
343:lizard
316:, 2019
314:et al.
2769:36396
2738:IRMNG
1603:(PDF)
772:tooth
558:jugal
463:squid
451:teeth
383:Syria
335:genus
195:Clade
2725:GBIF
1764:ISSN
1696:OCLC
1438:and
459:fish
447:jaws
443:tail
409:type
268:Type
44:Preęž’
2712:EoL
1866:doi
1835:doi
1795:doi
1791:293
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538:).
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