1335:
the difference in rate between genders are: "the lower status of
Chinese women, love, marriage, marital infidelity, and family problems, the methods used to commit suicide, and mental health of Chinese women." Another explanation for increased suicide in women in China is that pesticides are easily accessible and tend to be used in many suicide attempts made by women. The rate of nonlethal suicidal behavior is 40 to 60 percent higher in women than it is in men. This is due to the fact that more women are diagnosed as depressed than men, and also that depression is correlated with suicide attempts. However, thanks to urbanization, suicide rates in China – for both women and men – have dropped by 64% from 1990 to 2016.
19:
1278:. Some researchers attribute the higher rates in former Soviet countries to be a remnant of recent political instability. An increased focus on family led to females becoming more highly valued. Rapid economic fluctuations prevented males from providing fully for their families, which prevented them from fulfilling their traditional gender role. Combined, these factors could account for the gender gap. Other research indicates that higher instances of alcoholism among males in these nations may be to blame. In 2014, suicides rates amongst under-45 men in UK reached a 15-year high of 78% of the total 5,140.
885:
such as hanging, carbon-monoxide poisoning, and firearms. This is in contrast to females, who tend to rely on drug overdosing. While overdosing can be deadly, it is less immediate and therefore more likely to be caught before death occurs. In Europe, where the gender discrepancy is the greatest, a study found that the most frequent method of suicide among both genders was hanging; however, the use of hanging was significantly higher in males (54.3%) than in females (35.6%). The same study found that the second most common methods were firearms (9.7%) for men and poisoning by drugs (24.7%) for women.
334:
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Organization. Cultural beliefs regarding individualism were most closely tied to the gender gap; countries that placed a higher value on individualism showed higher rates of male suicide. Power-distance, defined as the social separation of people based on finances or status, was negatively correlated with suicide. However, countries with high levels of power-distance had higher rates of female suicide. The study ultimately found that stabilizing cultural factors had a stronger effect on suicide rates for women than men.
2734:(American Indian/Alaska Native males) and the lowest risk group (African American females). As can be seen in Figure 2, there is also a great deal of variability in rates of nonlethal suicide attempts. Specifically, suicide attempts are highest among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) females, followed by Latinas, AI/AN males, and Asian American/Pacific Islander (AA/PI) females; suicide attempts are lowest among African American and White adolescent males.
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is a charity in the UK that attempts to highlight this issue for public discussion. Some studies have found that because young females are at a higher risk of attempting suicide, policies tailored towards this demographic are most effective at reducing overall rates. Researchers have also recommended
812:
to openly discuss suicide, and low availability of data are obstacles leading to poor data quality for both suicide and suicide attempts. The organization states that "given the sensitivity of suicide – and the illegality of suicidal behaviour in some countries – it is likely that under-reporting and
1330:
In most countries, the majority of suicides are by men but in China, women are slightly more likely to die by suicide than men. In 2015 China's ratio was around 8 males for every 10 females. According to the WTO, as of 2016, the suicide rates in China for men and women were almost the same – 9.1 for
1257:
Within the United States, there are variances in rates of suicide by ethnic group. For example, from 1999 to 2004, the rate of suicide for Native
American adolescent males is nearly 20 per 100,000, while the rate for African-American females is roughly 1 per 100,000. According to the CDC, as of 2013
909:
address different methods of reducing suicide, but do not recognize the separate needs of males and females. In 2002, the
English Department of Health launched a suicide prevention campaign that was aimed at high-risk groups including young men, prisoners, and those with mental health disorders. The
884:
The reported difference in suicide rates for males and females is partially a result of the methods used by each gender. Although females attempt suicide at a higher rate, they are more likely to use methods that are less immediately lethal. Males frequently die by suicide via high mortality actions
2733:
Evidence of racial and ethnic differences is readily apparent in the rates of lethal and nonlethal suicidal behaviors among different groups of adolescents. For example, as can be seen in Figure 1, the rate of suicide deaths among adolescents differs by a factor of 20 between the highest risk group
1334:
Traditional gender roles in China hold women responsible for keeping the family happy and intact. Suicide for women in China is shown in literature to be an acceptable way to avoid disgrace that may be brought to themselves or their families. According to a 2002 review, the most common reasons for
849:
are risk factors for suicide in both genders, but the effect is somewhat mitigated for females. In the
Western world, females are more likely to maintain social and familial connections that they can turn to for support after losing their spouse. Another factor closely tied to gender roles is male
114:
are between two and four times more frequent among females. Researchers have partly attributed the difference between suicide and attempted suicide among the sexes to males using more lethal means to end their lives. Other reasons, including disparities in the strength or genuineness of suicidal
788:
The role that gender plays as a risk factor for suicide has been studied extensively. While females, particularly those under the age of 25, show higher rates of non-fatal suicidal behavior and suicide thoughts, and attempt suicide more frequently than males do, males have a much higher rate of
869:
In 2003, a group of sociologists examined the gender and suicide gap by considering how cultural factors impacted suicide rates. The four cultural factors – power-distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity – were measured for 66 countries using data from the World Health
1253:
Since the 1950s, typically males die from suicide three to five times more often than females. Use of mental health resources may be a significant contributor to the gender difference in suicide rates in the US. Studies have shown that females are 13–21% more likely than males to receive a
1314:). The contrast is even greater today, with WHO statistics showing China as the only country where the suicide rate of females matches or exceeds that of males. Barraclough found that the female rates of those aged 5–14 equaled or exceeded the male rates only in 14 countries, mainly in
109:
Globally, death by suicide occurred about 1.8 times more often among males than among females in 2008, and 1.7 times in 2015. In the
Western world, males die by suicide three to four times more often than do females. This greater male frequency is increased in those over the age of 65.
861:. One theory put forward for the smaller gap is the increased burden of motherhood due to cultural norms. In regions where the identity of females is constructed around the family, having young children may correlate with lower risks for suicide. At the same time, stigma attached to
888:
Some research says that males using deadlier means to die by suicide cannot be the only reason for the gender disparity. One reason for this may be that men who try to commit suicide may have a stronger and more genuine will to end their own lives, while women engage in more
1258:
the suicide rates of Whites and Native
Americans are more than twice the rates of African Americans and Hispanics. However, whites have a lower suicide attempt rate than Hispanics, and black and white males had the lowest rate of suicide attempts.
22:
World map of male to female ratios of suicide rates in 2015 (blue means more male suicides). Below the world maps of male (left) and female (right) suicide rates per 100,000 inhabitants used to derive the ratios (red means higher rates).
1254:
psychiatric affective diagnosis. 72–89% of females who died by suicide had contact with a mental health professional at some point in their life and 41–58% of males who died by suicide had contact with a mental health professional.
844:
Various other factors have been put forward as the cause of the gender paradox. Part of the gap may be explained by heightened levels of stress that result from traditional gender roles. For example, the death of a spouse and
829:. According to literature on gender and suicide, male suicide rates are explained in terms of traditional gender roles. Male gender roles tend to emphasize greater levels of strength, independence, risk-taking behavior,
1238:
The incidence of suicide is vastly higher among males than females among all age groups in most of the world. As of 2015, almost two-thirds of worldwide suicides (representing about 1.5% of all deaths) are by men.
865:
or having children outside of marriage can contribute to higher rates of suicide among women. Men are more likely to commit suicide who are from less affluent areas, than men who are from more affluent areas.
2515:"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
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is the most prominent example. In 1979–81, out of 74 countries with a non-zero suicide rate, 69 countries had male suicide rates greater than females, two reported equal rates for the sexes (
1527:
2103:
Schrijvers DL, Bollen J, Sabbe BG (May–October 2011). "The gender paradox in suicidal behavior and its impact on the suicidal process". In Milner A, Kõlves KE, De Leo D (eds.).
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1927:
Freeman, Aislinné; Mergl, Roland; Kohls, Elisabeth; Székely, András; Gusmao, Ricardo; Arensman, Ella; Koburger, Nicole; Hegerl, Ulrich; Rummel-Kluge, Christine (2017-06-29).
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Chang, B; Gitlin, D; Patel, R (September 2011). "The depressed patient and suicidal patient in the emergency department: evidence-based management and treatment strategies".
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Many researchers have attempted to find explanations for why gender is such a significant indicator for suicide. A common explanation relies on the social constructions of
2462:
Thompson, Martie; et al. (2011). "Examining Gender
Differences in Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts Made 1 and 7 Years Later in a Nationally Representative Sample".
1266:
The gender-suicide gap is generally highest in
Western countries. Among the nations of Europe, the gender gap is particularly large in Eastern European countries such as
2003:"Critical Suicide Theory and Research -- From the Gender Paradox to Cultural Scripts of Suicidal Behaviors: Interview with Professor Silvia Sara Canetto | Episode 73"
3609:
1834:
Lee Ellis; Scott
Hershberger; Evelyn Field; Scott Wersinger; Sergio Pellis; David Geary; Craig Palmer; Katherine Hoyenga; Amir Hetsroni; Kazmer Karadi (2013).
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more aggressive and long-term treatments and follow up for males that show indications of suicidal thoughts. Shifting cultural attitudes about
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775:
624:
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Schrijvers DL, Bollen J, Sabbe BG (April 2012). "The gender paradox in suicidal behavior and its impact on the suicidal process".
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Goldston, David B.; Sherry Davis Molock; Leslie B. Whitbeck; Jessica L. Murakami; Luis H. Zayas; Gordon C. Nagayama Hall (2008).
2113:
902:
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2076:
Payne, Sarah; et al. (2008). "The social construction of gender and its influence on suicide: a review of the literature".
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Cibis, Anna; Mergl, Roland; Bramesfeld, Anke; Althaus, David; Niklewski, GĂĽnter; Schmidtke, Armin; Hegerl, Ulrich (2012-01-01).
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Kung, Hsiang-Ching; et al. (2003). "Risk factors for male and female suicide decedents ages 15–64 in the United States".
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679:
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Möller-Leimkühler, Anne Maria (Feb 2003). "The gender gap in suicide and premature death or: why are men so vulnerable?".
893:". Other research suggests that even when men and women use the same methods, men are still more likely to die from them.
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568:
543:
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3730:
3330:
2355:
2264:
Stack, Steven (1990). "New Micro-Level Data on the Impact of
Divorce on Suicide, 1959–1980: A Test of Two Theories".
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and suicidal behavior between males and females (among both adults and adolescents). While females more often have
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Barlow, D. H., and V. M. Durand. Abnormal psychology, an integrative approach. Wadsworth Pub Co, 2011. Print.
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Schrijvers, Didier (2012). "The gender paradox in suicidal behavior and its impact on the suicidal process".
768:
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106:, males die by suicide more frequently. This discrepancy is also known as the gender paradox in suicide.
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3393:
3232:
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Rudmin, Lloyd Webster (2003). "Questions of Culture, Age, and Gender in the Epidemiology of Suicide".
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2563:"Deaths by suicide per 100,000 resident population in the United States from 1950 to 2015, by gender"
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837:. Reinforcement of this gender role often prevents males from seeking help for suicidal feelings and
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and norms, and especially ideas about masculinity, may also contribute to closing the gender gap.
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A higher male mortality from suicide is also evident from data of non-Western countries: the
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because of societal expectations that they should provide for themselves and their families.
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2938:
509:
342:
Suicide rate per 100,000 males (left) and per 100,000 females (right) (data from 1978–2008)
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8:
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3325:
2411:"Suicide methods in Europe: a gender-specific analysis of countries participating in the
1989:
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misclassification are greater problems for suicide than for most other causes of death."
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2514:
2439:
2410:
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2027:
1990:"Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adults aged ≥18 years-United States, 2008-2009."
1963:
1928:
1551:
1522:
858:
634:
207:
2622:
2530:
1879:"Preference of lethal methods is not the only cause for higher suicide rates in males"
1731:
Stern, Theodore A.; Fava, Maurizio; Wilens, Timothy E.; Rosenbaum, Jerrold F. (2015).
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2695:"Cultural Considerations in Adolescent Suicide Prevention and Psychosocial Treatment"
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103:
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1667:
Holzer, Dr Jacob; Kohn, Dr Robert; Ellison, Dr James; Recupero, Dr Patricia (2017).
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1958:
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1349:
1303:
4695:
2609:
Murphy, George E. (1998). "Why Women are Less Likely Than Men to Commit Suicide".
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111:
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3742:
3705:
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3551:
3430:
2584:
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3000:
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2239:
2199:
2153:
1972:
1910:
1712:
1560:
916:
851:
4273:
2939:"GHO | By category | Suicide rate estimates, crude - Estimates by country"
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1541:
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employment status. Males' vulnerability may be heightened during times of
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5399:
5343:
5181:
4966:
4665:
4484:
3911:
3720:
3420:
3252:
862:
656:
1441:
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5434:
5429:
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4421:
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2513:
GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (8 October 2016).
2320:
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98:
rates have been shown to be significant. There are different rates of
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3916:
3906:
1287:
1267:
990:
964:
2312:
5548:
5308:
5013:
3752:
3747:
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1016:
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Anne Gulland, Global health security correspondent (8 June 2019).
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1734:
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1172:
1146:
1120:
1094:
253:
161:
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male versus 10.3 for female (the rate is per 100,000 people).
3516:
2217:
1307:
1299:
1219:
809:
300:
3016:"Drop in suicide rate in China fuels global fall in deaths"
1876:
1319:
1302:), while three reported female rates exceeding male rates (
3346:
2096:
1792:
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Incidence of male–female suicide ratio by country (2015)
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2112:. Vol. 6. pp. 56–57. Archived from
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2340:International Handbook of Suicide Prevention
2162:
2075:
1567:
4303:
2688:
2686:
2602:
1603:"Age-standardized rates, male:female ratio"
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3369:
3355:
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2967:"An Overview of Suicide Research in China"
2259:
2257:
1984:
1982:
1769:. World Health Organization. p. 191.
907:American Foundation for Suicide Prevention
776:
762:
124:Incidence of male–female suicide ratio by
2990:
2955:
2718:
2538:
2506:
2438:
2419:Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health
2408:
2213:
2211:
2209:
1962:
1944:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1550:
1540:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1433:
1431:
5460:Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
2683:
2336:"Antidepressants and Suicide Prevention"
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1829:
1827:
1788:
1786:
1673:. Oxford University Press. p. 284.
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
896:
17:
2768:
2642:
2640:
2333:
2254:
1979:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1636:; Stanley Sue; Diane Sue (2012-01-01).
1595:
903:Department of Health and Human Services
5645:
2831:Lester, Patterns, Table 3.3, pp. 31-33
2292:
2206:
1687:
1620:
1520:
1507:
1428:
1281:
4952:Psychological effects of Internet use
4277:
3350:
3059:
2589:Adolescent Teenage Suicide Prevention
2060:
1922:
1920:
1865:
1824:
1793:Updesh Kumar; Manas K Mandal (2010).
1783:
1486:
1386:
2637:
2413:European Alliance Against Depression
2028:"Suicide - Challenges and obstacles"
1762:
1751:
1719:
1480:
1356:List of suicides in the 21st century
4932:Digital media use and mental health
2809:
2106:Suicide Research: Selected Readings
2044:
1766:World Report on Violence and Health
1464:
13:
4563:Automatic and controlled processes
2869:J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry
2266:Journal of Marriage and the Family
2179:Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
1917:
1414:. SAGE Publications. p. 403.
14:
5684:
4972:Smartphones and pedestrian safety
3806:List of countries by suicide rate
2334:Goldney, Robert D. (2011-06-21).
912:Campaign Against Living Miserably
804:(WHO), challenges represented by
5623:
5610:
5598:
5597:
4997:Mobile phones and driving safety
3811:Antidepressants and suicide risk
3126:
2881:10.1097/00004583-198705000-00027
2476:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.07.018
1411:The Psychology of Sex and Gender
1242:
1191:
1165:
1139:
1113:
1087:
1061:
1035:
1009:
983:
957:
857:The gender gap is less stark in
471:
332:
323:
115:thoughts, have also been given.
4900:Computer-mediated communication
3007:
2931:
2909:
2860:
2834:
2825:
2803:
2739:
2577:
2490:
2455:
2409:Varnik, A; et al. (2008).
2327:
2038:
1995:
1660:
1639:Understanding abnormal behavior
1444:. Springer Nature. p. 32.
1290:, often considered part of the
901:In the United States, both the
5177:Empathising–systemising theory
4480:female intrasexual competition
4417:Evolutionarily stable strategy
3261:Age disparity in relationships
2810:Men, Telegraph (19 Nov 2014).
2373:Journal of Affective Disorders
2134:Journal of Affective Disorders
1883:Journal of Affective Disorders
1458:
665:age disparity in relationships
1:
5537:Standard social science model
4590:Cognitive tradeoff hypothesis
3839:heads of state and government
2623:10.1016/S0010-440X(98)90057-8
2531:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1
1361:
922:
791:the gender paradox in suicide
96:Gender differences in suicide
5385:Missing heritability problem
4977:Social aspects of television
4600:Evolution of nervous systems
4568:Computational theory of mind
2971:Archives of Suicide Research
2753:. 2016-02-16. Archived from
2464:Journal of Adolescent Health
2301:American Sociological Review
1249:Suicide in the United States
7:
5631:Evolutionary biology portal
3942:Suicide prevention contract
3376:
1701:Emergency Medicine Practice
1345:Mental disorders and gender
1338:
926:
874:Differing methods by gender
118:
10:
5689:
5592:Evolutionary psychologists
5465:Trivers–Willard hypothesis
5380:Human–animal communication
5092:Ovulatory shift hypothesis
4942:Imprinted brain hypothesis
4910:Human–computer interaction
3394:Assessment of suicide risk
2591:. FamilyFirstAid.org. 2001
2348:10.1002/9781119998556.ch26
2090:10.1016/j.jomh.2007.11.002
1246:
1217:
1189:
1163:
1137:
1111:
1085:
1059:
1033:
1007:
981:
955:
877:
816:
789:suicide. This is known as
298:
275:
252:
229:
206:
183:
160:
5673:Sex differences in humans
5586:
5512:Environmental determinism
5483:Cultural selection theory
5475:
5370:Evolutionary epistemology
5357:
5284:evolutionary neuroscience
5246:
5239:
5137:
5012:
4957:Rank theory of depression
4880:
4804:
4706:
4512:
4505:
4459:Parent–offspring conflict
4368:
4311:
4003:
3950:
3854:
3819:
3791:
3597:
3444:
3384:
3291:
3199:
3135:
3124:
3093:
3087:Sex differences in humans
2983:10.1080/13811110208951174
2789:10.1080/09595230802093778
2711:10.1037/0003-066x.63.1.14
2661:10.1007/s00127-003-0656-x
2585:"Teen Suicide Statistics"
2503:. Retrieved May 16, 2014.
2501:World Health Organization
2497:WHO on Suicide Prevention
2385:10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.050
2232:10.1007/s00406-003-0397-6
2146:10.1016/j.jad.2011.03.050
1946:10.1186/s12888-017-1398-8
1895:10.1016/j.jad.2011.08.032
1763:Krug, Etienne G. (2002).
1578:"Estimates for 2000–2012"
1493:. Springer. p. 127.
1380:World Health Organization
1261:
802:World Health Organization
465:Sex differences in humans
5405:Cultural group selection
5289:Biocultural anthropology
4982:Societal impacts of cars
4915:Media naturalness theory
4605:Fight-or-flight response
3579:Suicide and the Internet
3542:Social media and suicide
2611:Comprehensive Psychiatry
2431:10.1136/jech.2007.065391
2047:"Self-directed violence"
2007:Dr. Sally Spencer-Thomas
1521:Värnik, P (March 2012).
1487:Korin, Maya Rom (2016).
1467:"Self-directed violence"
1325:
5605:Evolutionary psychology
5569:Sociocultural evolution
5410:Dual inheritance theory
4867:Personality development
4328:Theoretical foundations
4305:Evolutionary psychology
2192:10.1111/1467-9450.00357
2078:Journal of Men's Health
5527:Social constructionism
5522:Psychological nativism
5497:Biological determinism
5445:Recent human evolution
5440:Punctuated equilibrium
5263:Behavioral epigenetics
5258:evolutionary economics
5227:Variability hypothesis
5172:Emotional intelligence
4905:Engineering psychology
4595:Evolution of the brain
3228:Emotional intelligence
3101:Sexual differentiation
1707:(9): 1–23, quiz 23–4.
1523:"Suicide in the world"
797:and Isaac Sakinofsky.
625:Emotional intelligence
488:Sexual differentiation
92:
5554:Multilineal evolution
5517:Nature versus nurture
5476:Theoretical positions
5324:Functional psychology
5319:Evolutionary medicine
5294:Biological psychiatry
5002:Texting while driving
4992:Lead–crime hypothesis
4852:Cognitive development
4837:Caregiver deprivation
4348:Gene selection theory
3512:Philosophy of suicide
2814:. The Daily Telegraph
2699:American Psychologist
1542:10.3390/ijerph9030760
897:Preventive strategies
823:hegemonic masculinity
277:Eastern Mediterranean
21:
5507:Cultural determinism
5314:Evolutionary biology
5299:Cognitive psychology
5247:Academic disciplines
4895:Cognitive ergonomics
4862:Language acquisition
4842:Childhood attachment
4655:Wason selection task
4549:Behavioral modernity
4338:Cognitive revolution
4321:Evolutionary thought
3829:Suicide in antiquity
3617:Bullying and suicide
3502:Interpersonal theory
3497:Identity performance
3477:Dysfunctional family
3416:Suicide intervention
2747:"Suicide Statistics"
2525:(10053): 1459–1544.
2119:on 24 September 2017
1803:India. p. 139.
613:Emotional expression
5574:Unilineal evolution
5339:Population genetics
5124:Sexy son hypothesis
5062:Hormonal motivation
5042:Concealed ovulation
4583:Dual process theory
4454:Parental investment
3887:Diseases of despair
3877:Consensual homicide
3844:in the 21st century
3674:Jumping from height
2848:on January 22, 2012
1352:(antiquity-present)
1282:Non-Western nations
929:
795:Silvia Sara Canetto
793:, a term coined by
515:Scientific measures
459:Part of a series on
129:
5653:Gender and society
5532:Social determinism
5415:Fisher's principle
5375:Great ape language
5365:Cultural evolution
5334:Philosophy of mind
5167:Division of labour
5129:Westermarck effect
5077:Mating preferences
4987:Distracted driving
4721:Literary criticism
4578:Domain specificity
4558:modularity of mind
3731:London Underground
3589:Workplace bullying
3426:Suicide prevention
3044:has generic name (
2009:. 10 November 2020
927:
859:developing nations
635:Gender empathy gap
208:South Eastern Asia
123:
93:
5640:
5639:
5618:Psychology portal
5582:
5581:
5425:Hologenome theory
5395:Unit of selection
5390:Primate cognition
5304:Cognitive science
5235:
5234:
5106:Sexual attraction
5082:Mating strategies
4847:Cinderella effect
4777:Moral foundations
4681:Visual perception
4573:Domain generality
4542:Facial expression
4490:Sexual dimorphism
4449:Natural selection
4395:Hamiltonian spite
4271:
4270:
3985:Music subcultures
3882:Depression (mood)
3537:Social inequality
3411:Suicidal ideation
3344:
3343:
3316:Gender inequality
1851:978-1-136-87493-2
1810:978-81-321-0499-5
1801:SAGE Publications
1776:978-92-4-154561-7
1744:978-0-323-32899-9
1680:978-0-19-937466-3
1653:978-1-111-83459-3
1500:978-1-48-997711-3
1451:978-3-03-082465-5
1421:978-1-50-633133-1
1236:
1235:
891:suicidal gestures
800:According to the
786:
785:
720:Gender inequality
317:
316:
104:suicidal thoughts
5680:
5627:
5614:
5601:
5600:
5244:
5243:
5240:Related subjects
5027:Adult attachment
4554:Cognitive module
4510:
4509:
4497:Social selection
4471:Costly signaling
4466:Sexual selection
4353:Modern synthesis
4298:
4291:
4284:
4275:
4274:
4246:military veteran
4231:Assisted suicide
4219:Assisted suicide
3834:List of suicides
3629:Charcoal-burning
3605:Assisted suicide
3557:Suicide survivor
3547:Social rejection
3482:Economic anxiety
3371:
3364:
3357:
3348:
3347:
3159:Mental disorders
3130:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3057:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2994:
2962:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2893:
2892:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2844:. Archived from
2838:
2832:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2722:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2644:
2635:
2634:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2542:
2510:
2504:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2442:
2406:
2397:
2396:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2215:
2204:
2203:
2173:
2160:
2157:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2111:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2073:
2058:
2057:
2051:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
1999:
1993:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1966:
1948:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1874:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1842:Psychology Press
1831:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1760:
1749:
1748:
1728:
1717:
1716:
1696:
1685:
1684:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1644:Cengage Learning
1629:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1554:
1544:
1518:
1505:
1504:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1405:
1384:
1383:
1372:
1350:List of suicides
1304:Papua New Guinea
1197:
1195:
1194:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1015:
1013:
1012:
989:
987:
986:
963:
961:
960:
948:
930:
778:
771:
764:
750:equality paradox
745:Sociolinguistics
549:Mental disorders
475:
456:
455:
445:
437:
429:
421:
413:
405:
397:
389:
381:
373:
365:
357:
349:
336:
327:
282:
259:
236:
213:
190:
167:
153:
140:
139:(% of world pop)
130:
122:
112:Suicide attempts
86:
74:
64: Less than
63:
53: Less than
52:
42: Less than
41:
31: Less than
30:
5688:
5687:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5578:
5564:Neoevolutionism
5471:
5455:Species complex
5420:Group selection
5358:Research topics
5353:
5329:Neuropsychology
5231:
5217:Substance abuse
5139:Sex differences
5133:
5047:Coolidge effect
5008:
4920:Neuroergonomics
4885:
4876:
4800:
4702:
4636:Folk psychology
4517:
4501:
4371:
4364:
4307:
4302:
4272:
4267:
4251:Native American
3999:
3946:
3927:Suicide methods
3922:Suicide attempt
3850:
3815:
3801:Sex differences
3787:
3593:
3584:Toxic workplace
3532:School bullying
3522:Religious views
3440:
3380:
3375:
3345:
3340:
3287:
3195:
3179:Substance abuse
3154:Life expectancy
3131:
3122:
3089:
3084:
3054:
3053:
3041:
3040:
3031:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3012:
3008:
2963:
2956:
2947:
2945:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2922:
2920:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2896:
2865:
2861:
2851:
2849:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2817:
2815:
2808:
2804:
2773:
2769:
2760:
2758:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2691:
2684:
2645:
2638:
2607:
2603:
2594:
2592:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2511:
2507:
2495:
2491:
2460:
2456:
2407:
2400:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2332:
2328:
2313:10.2307/2096076
2297:
2293:
2262:
2255:
2216:
2207:
2174:
2163:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2097:
2074:
2061:
2049:
2043:
2039:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2012:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1987:
1980:
1925:
1918:
1875:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1844:. p. 387.
1832:
1825:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1761:
1752:
1745:
1729:
1720:
1697:
1688:
1681:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1646:. p. 255.
1634:Derald Wing Sue
1630:
1621:
1611:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1576:
1575:
1568:
1519:
1508:
1501:
1485:
1481:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1406:
1387:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1341:
1328:
1284:
1264:
1251:
1245:
1192:
1190:
1166:
1164:
1140:
1138:
1114:
1112:
1088:
1086:
1062:
1060:
1036:
1034:
1010:
1008:
984:
982:
958:
956:
946:
945:
940:
925:
899:
882:
880:Suicide methods
876:
831:economic status
819:
782:
569:substance abuse
544:Life expectancy
454:
453:
452:
451:
450:
447:
443:
439:
438: 33.0–36.5
435:
431:
430: 29.5–33.0
427:
423:
422: 26.0–29.5
419:
415:
414: 22.5–26.0
411:
407:
406: 19.0–22.5
403:
399:
398: 12.0–19.0
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
339:
338:
337:
329:
328:
280:
257:
234:
231:Western Pacific
211:
188:
165:
151:
150:
145:
138:
121:
91:
88:
84:
80:
72:
68:
61:
57:
50:
46:
39:
35:
28:
12:
11:
5:
5686:
5676:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5634:
5621:
5608:
5595:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5485:
5479:
5477:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5361:
5359:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5269:
5260:
5250:
5248:
5241:
5237:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5143:
5141:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5108:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5018:
5016:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4947:Mind-blindness
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4891:
4889:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4821:
4816:
4810:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4747:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4712:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4642:
4640:theory of mind
4633:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4551:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4523:
4521:
4507:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4473:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4407:Baldwin effect
4404:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4301:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4278:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4214:United Kingdom
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4007:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3960:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3872:Caring letters
3869:
3867:Animal suicide
3864:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3831:
3825:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3797:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3758:Suicide attack
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3738:Self-sacrifice
3735:
3734:
3733:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3691:Murder–suicide
3688:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3448:
3446:
3445:Social aspects
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3399:Crisis hotline
3396:
3390:
3388:
3386:Suicide crisis
3382:
3381:
3374:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3351:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3336:Social support
3333:
3331:Social capital
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3156:
3151:
3145:
3143:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3060:
3052:
3051:
3006:
2977:(2): 167–184.
2954:
2930:
2908:
2894:
2859:
2833:
2824:
2802:
2783:(4): 361–373.
2767:
2738:
2682:
2655:(8): 419–426.
2636:
2617:(4): 165–175.
2601:
2576:
2565:. statista.com
2554:
2505:
2489:
2470:(4): 391–397.
2454:
2425:(6): 545–551.
2398:
2363:
2356:
2326:
2307:(4): 553–574.
2291:
2278:10.2307/352844
2272:(1): 119–127.
2253:
2205:
2186:(4): 373–381.
2161:
2159:
2158:
2140:(1–2): 19–26.
2095:
2059:
2037:
2034:. August 2017.
2019:
1994:
1978:
1933:BMC Psychiatry
1916:
1864:
1850:
1823:
1809:
1782:
1775:
1750:
1743:
1718:
1686:
1679:
1659:
1652:
1619:
1594:
1566:
1506:
1499:
1479:
1457:
1450:
1427:
1420:
1385:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1340:
1337:
1327:
1324:
1283:
1280:
1263:
1260:
1247:Main article:
1244:
1241:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1006:
1002:
1001:
998:
993:
980:
976:
975:
972:
967:
954:
950:
949:
942:
937:
934:
924:
921:
898:
895:
878:Main article:
875:
872:
818:
815:
784:
783:
781:
780:
773:
766:
758:
755:
754:
753:
752:
747:
742:
740:Social support
737:
735:Social capital
732:
727:
722:
717:
716:
715:
705:
697:
696:
692:
691:
690:
689:
688:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
638:
637:
627:
622:
621:
620:
610:
605:
597:
596:
586:
585:
584:
583:
578:
577:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
546:
541:
533:
532:
522:
521:
520:
519:
518:
517:
507:
502:
497:
496:
495:
482:
481:
477:
476:
468:
467:
461:
460:
449:
448:
446: >36.5
442:
440:
434:
432:
426:
424:
418:
416:
410:
408:
402:
400:
394:
392:
390: 8.5–12.0
386:
384:
378:
376:
370:
368:
362:
360:
354:
352:
346:
343:
341:
340:
331:
330:
322:
321:
320:
319:
318:
315:
314:
309:
304:
297:
293:
292:
289:
284:
274:
270:
269:
266:
261:
251:
247:
246:
243:
238:
228:
224:
223:
220:
215:
205:
201:
200:
197:
192:
182:
178:
177:
174:
169:
159:
155:
154:
147:
142:
134:
120:
117:
90:
89:
83:
81:
71:
69:
60:
58:
49:
47:
38:
36:
27:
24:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5685:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5668:Suicide rates
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5633:
5632:
5626:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5613:
5609:
5607:
5606:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5559:Neo-Darwinism
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5544:Functionalism
5542:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5502:Connectionism
5500:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5492:indeterminism
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5474:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5356:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5245:
5242:
5238:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5212:Schizophrenia
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5197:Mental health
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5136:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5072:Mate guarding
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5032:Age disparity
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4962:Schizophrenia
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4887:Mental health
4883:
4882:Human factors
4879:
4873:
4872:Socialization
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4832:paternal bond
4829:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4797:
4794:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4770:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4731:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4697:
4696:NaĂŻve physics
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4663:
4662:Motor control
4660:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4621:
4620:Ophidiophobia
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4610:Arachnophobia
4608:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4537:Display rules
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4439:Kin selection
4437:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4367:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4333:Adaptationism
4331:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4299:
4294:
4292:
4287:
4285:
4280:
4279:
4276:
4264:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4226:United States
4224:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:By subculture
3949:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3902:Perfectionism
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3743:Banzai charge
3741:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3706:Sokushinbutsu
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3696:Vatakkiruttal
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:Suicide types
3596:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3552:Social stigma
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3437:
3436:Warning signs
3434:
3432:
3431:Suicide watch
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3372:
3367:
3365:
3360:
3358:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3174:Schizophrenia
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3081:
3076:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3047:
3035:
3021:
3020:The Telegraph
3017:
3010:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2959:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2918:
2912:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2828:
2813:
2806:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2757:on 2015-04-23
2756:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2689:
2687:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2643:
2641:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2564:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2405:
2403:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2359:
2357:9780470683842
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2258:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2115:
2108:
2107:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1921:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1853:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1830:
1828:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1789:
1787:
1778:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1746:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1682:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1663:
1655:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1535:(3): 760–71.
1534:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1502:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1483:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1453:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1434:
1432:
1423:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1336:
1332:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1316:South America
1313:
1312:French Guiana
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1243:United States
1240:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1004:
1003:
999:
997:
994:
992:
978:
977:
973:
971:
968:
966:
952:
951:
947:(per 100,000)
943:
938:
935:
932:
931:
920:
918:
913:
908:
904:
894:
892:
886:
881:
871:
867:
864:
860:
855:
853:
848:
842:
840:
836:
835:individualism
832:
828:
824:
814:
811:
807:
806:social stigma
803:
798:
796:
792:
779:
774:
772:
767:
765:
760:
759:
757:
756:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
714:
711:
710:
709:
706:
704:
701:
700:
699:
698:
694:
693:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
636:
633:
632:
631:
628:
626:
623:
619:
616:
615:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
600:
599:
598:
595:
591:
588:
587:
582:
579:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
564:schizophrenia
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
536:
535:
534:
531:
527:
524:
523:
516:
513:
512:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
494:
491:
490:
489:
486:
485:
484:
483:
479:
478:
474:
470:
469:
466:
463:
462:
458:
457:
441:
433:
425:
417:
409:
401:
393:
385:
382: 5.8–8.5
377:
374: 5.0–5.8
369:
366: 1.0–5.0
361:
358: <1.0
353:
350: No data
345:
344:
335:
326:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
302:
295:
294:
290:
288:
285:
283:
278:
272:
271:
267:
265:
262:
260:
255:
249:
248:
244:
242:
239:
237:
232:
226:
225:
221:
219:
216:
214:
209:
203:
202:
198:
196:
193:
191:
186:
180:
179:
175:
173:
170:
168:
163:
157:
156:
152:(per 100,000)
148:
143:
141:
135:
132:
131:
127:
116:
113:
107:
105:
101:
97:
87: No data
82:
78:
70:
67:
59:
56:
48:
45:
37:
34:
26:
25:
20:
16:
5658:Men's health
5629:
5616:
5603:
5590:
5349:Sociobiology
5221:
5207:Neuroscience
5187:Intelligence
4733:Anthropology
4686:Color vision
4671:Multitasking
4650:Flynn effect
4645:Intelligence
4627:Folk biology
4370:Evolutionary
4167:Saudi Arabia
3932:Suicide note
3892:Echo chamber
3800:
3793:Epidemiology
3778:Suicide pill
3527:Right to die
3238:Intelligence
3201:Neuroscience
3183:
3149:Autoimmunity
3042:|first=
3023:. Retrieved
3019:
3009:
2974:
2970:
2946:. Retrieved
2942:
2933:
2923:11 September
2921:. Retrieved
2911:
2875:(3): 434–5.
2872:
2868:
2862:
2852:November 16,
2850:. Retrieved
2846:the original
2836:
2827:
2816:. Retrieved
2805:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2759:. Retrieved
2755:the original
2750:
2741:
2732:
2705:(1): 14–31.
2702:
2698:
2652:
2648:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2593:. Retrieved
2588:
2579:
2569:12 September
2567:. Retrieved
2557:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2492:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2379:(2): 19–26.
2376:
2372:
2366:
2339:
2329:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2269:
2265:
2223:
2219:
2183:
2177:
2137:
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2114:the original
2105:
2098:
2084:(1): 23–35.
2081:
2077:
2053:
2045:WHO (2002).
2040:
2031:
2022:
2011:. Retrieved
2006:
1997:
1936:
1932:
1886:
1882:
1855:. Retrieved
1836:
1814:. Retrieved
1795:
1765:
1733:
1704:
1700:
1669:
1662:
1638:
1612:10 September
1610:. Retrieved
1606:
1597:
1585:. Retrieved
1581:
1532:
1526:
1489:
1482:
1473:
1465:WHO (2002).
1460:
1440:
1410:
1370:
1333:
1329:
1285:
1265:
1256:
1252:
1237:
1230:
1226:1.7 : 1
1225:
1218:
1208:
1204:3.3 : 1
1203:
1178:3.0 : 1
1177:
1152:5.8 : 1
1151:
1126:6.7 : 1
1125:
1100:6.7 : 1
1099:
1074:6.5 : 1
1073:
1048:5.0 : 1
1047:
1022:5.2 : 1
1021:
996:5.8 : 1
995:
970:4.4 : 1
969:
944:Suicide Rate
917:gender roles
900:
887:
883:
868:
856:
852:unemployment
843:
820:
799:
790:
787:
642:Intelligence
590:Neuroscience
573:
539:Autoimmunity
311:
307:1.8 : 1
306:
299:
287:1.1 : 1
286:
279:
264:2.2 : 1
263:
256:
241:1.3 : 1
240:
233:
218:1.5 : 1
217:
210:
195:3.6 : 1
194:
187:
172:4.0 : 1
171:
164:
149:Suicide Rate
137:
108:
95:
94:
77:4.0 : 1
76:
66:4.0 : 1
65:
55:3.0 : 1
54:
44:1.7 : 1
43:
33:1.0 : 1
32:
15:
5488:Determinism
5400:Coevolution
5344:Primatology
5182:Gender role
5087:Orientation
4967:Screen time
4824:Affectional
4806:Development
4485:Mate choice
4412:By-products
4380:Adaptations
4343:Cognitivism
4204:Switzerland
4177:South Korea
4011:Afghanistan
3912:Self-hatred
3721:Prayopavesa
3574:Terminology
3562:bereavement
3507:Legislation
3421:Suicidology
3309:in the U.S.
3253:Neurosexism
3191:Stroke care
3113:In research
2342:: 457–471.
2123:27 December
2054:www.who.int
1889:(1): 9–16.
1632:David Sue;
1474:www.who.int
939:Male–Female
863:infertility
713:in the U.S.
657:Neurosexism
581:Stroke care
500:In research
144:Male–Female
5647:Categories
5435:Population
5430:Lamarckism
5276:behavioral
5254:Behavioral
5202:Narcissism
5147:Aggression
4937:Hypophobia
4927:Depression
4814:Attachment
4796:Universals
4760:Psychology
4738:Biological
4726:Musicology
4716:Aesthetics
4615:Basophobia
4422:Exaptation
4400:Reciprocal
4182:LGBT youth
4137:Mozambique
4122:Kazakhstan
4021:Bangladesh
4004:By country
3963:LGBT youth
3897:Last words
3711:Sallekhana
3669:Immolation
3644:Familicide
3569:Literature
3487:Euthanasia
3462:Altruistic
3321:Leadership
3266:Attraction
3257:Sexuality
3248:Narcissism
3213:Aggression
3205:Psychology
3169:Depression
3118:Physiology
3025:2019-06-22
2948:2019-06-22
2818:2014-11-20
2761:2015-10-30
2595:2006-04-11
2226:(1): 1–8.
2013:2022-01-18
1939:(1): 234.
1362:References
1296:Seychelles
1043:Kazakhstan
923:Statistics
839:depression
827:femininity
725:Leadership
670:attraction
661:Sexuality
652:Narcissism
618:Aggression
594:psychology
559:depression
510:Dimorphism
505:Physiology
126:WHO region
79:or greater
5280:cognitive
5272:Affective
5157:Cognition
5111:Sexuality
5097:Pair bond
4857:Education
4514:Cognition
4432:Inclusive
4372:processes
4360:Criticism
4194:Sri Lanka
4172:Singapore
4127:Lithuania
4078:Hong Kong
4061:Greenland
4016:Australia
3990:Prisoners
3917:Suffering
3907:Self-harm
3783:Vehicular
3679:locations
3467:Awareness
3304:Education
3292:Sociology
3218:Cognition
3106:Disorders
3034:cite news
1955:1471-244X
1903:0165-0327
1587:24 August
1288:Caribbean
1268:Lithuania
991:Lithuania
965:Sri Lanka
708:Education
695:Sociology
603:Cognition
493:disorders
5663:Suicides
5549:Memetics
5309:Ethology
5267:genetics
5102:Physical
5067:Jealousy
5022:Activity
4828:maternal
4784:Religion
4772:Morality
4750:Language
4631:taxonomy
4444:Mismatch
4390:Cheating
4385:Altruism
4152:Pakistan
4036:Cameroon
3980:Military
3768:By pilot
3753:Senicide
3748:Kamikaze
3726:By train
3639:Epidemic
3472:Bullying
3457:Advocacy
3326:Religion
3281:Jealousy
3137:Medicine
3001:20686645
2797:18584385
2729:18193978
2677:23269254
2669:12910337
2549:27733281
2484:21402269
2449:18477754
2393:21529962
2248:23629557
2240:12664306
2200:12887559
2154:21529962
1973:28662694
1911:21937122
1857:March 4,
1816:March 4,
1713:22164363
1561:22690161
1339:See also
1199:Suriname
1017:Mongolia
905:and the
730:Religion
685:jealousy
526:Medicine
185:Americas
119:Overview
100:suicides
5450:Species
5222:Suicide
5057:Fantasy
5037:Arousal
4819:Bonding
4708:Culture
4532:Display
4519:Emotion
4427:Fitness
4316:History
4263:Uruguay
4256:teenage
4241:farmers
4236:college
4209:Ukraine
4157:Romania
4147:Nigeria
4112:Ireland
4100:farmers
4083:student
4056:Denmark
4026:Belarus
3958:Doctors
3937:Tourism
3862:Anguish
3855:Related
3821:History
3701:Seppuku
3659:Hanging
3654:Gunshot
3634:Copycat
3492:Failure
3378:Suicide
3276:Fantasy
3233:Empathy
3184:Suicide
3094:Biology
2992:2913725
2889:3496328
2720:2662358
2631:9675500
2540:5388903
2440:2569832
2321:2096076
2032:who.int
1964:5492308
1552:3367275
1382:. 2015.
1276:Hungary
1272:Belarus
1215:–
1069:Belarus
936:Country
847:divorce
817:Factors
680:fantasy
630:Empathy
574:suicide
480:Biology
296:–
189:(13.5%)
136:Region
128:(2008)
5628:
5615:
5602:
5192:Memory
5152:Autism
5119:female
5052:Desire
4789:Origin
4765:Speech
4755:Origin
4527:Affect
4199:Sweden
4162:Russia
4132:Mexico
4073:Guyana
4068:Greece
4051:France
4041:Canada
4031:Bhutan
3973:Mormon
3763:By cop
3649:Forced
3271:Desire
3243:Memory
3223:Coping
3164:Autism
3141:Health
2999:
2989:
2887:
2795:
2727:
2717:
2675:
2667:
2629:
2547:
2537:
2519:Lancet
2482:
2447:
2437:
2391:
2354:
2319:
2286:352844
2284:
2246:
2238:
2198:
2152:
1971:
1961:
1953:
1909:
1901:
1848:
1807:
1773:
1741:
1711:
1677:
1650:
1559:
1549:
1497:
1448:
1418:
1310:, and
1274:, and
1262:Europe
1196:
1173:Guyana
1170:
1147:Russia
1144:
1121:Latvia
1118:
1095:Poland
1092:
1066:
1040:
1014:
988:
962:
833:, and
808:, the
675:desire
647:Memory
608:Coping
554:autism
530:health
444:
436:
428:
420:
412:
404:
396:
388:
380:
372:
364:
356:
348:
281:(8.5%)
254:Africa
162:Europe
85:
75:
73:
62:
51:
40:
29:
5162:Crime
4745:Crime
4676:Sleep
4666:skill
4506:Areas
4189:Spain
4142:Nepal
4117:Japan
4095:youth
4090:India
4046:China
3995:Youth
3664:Honor
3517:Shame
3299:Crime
2919:. WHO
2673:S2CID
2317:JSTOR
2282:JSTOR
2244:S2CID
2117:(PDF)
2110:(PDF)
2050:(PDF)
1470:(PDF)
1326:China
1308:Macau
1300:Kenya
1220:World
1182:30.6
1156:17.9
1130:17.4
1104:18.5
1078:19.1
1052:27.5
1026:28.1
1000:26.1
974:34.6
941:Ratio
810:taboo
703:Crime
301:World
258:(13%)
245:12.6
235:(26%)
222:15.6
212:(26%)
176:14.2
166:(13%)
146:Ratio
5115:male
4476:Male
4107:Iran
3968:list
3773:Pact
3716:Sati
3686:Mass
3622:list
3610:list
3452:ACEs
3404:list
3203:and
3139:and
3046:help
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