Knowledge

Genocides in history (21st century)

Source πŸ“

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genocidal intent. Language used by Israeli political and military figures appears to reproduce rhetoric and tropes associated with genocide and incitement to genocide. Dehumanising descriptions of Palestinians have been prevalent. Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant declared on 9 October that "we are fighting human animals and we act accordingly". He subsequently announced that Israel was moving to "a full-scale response" and that he had "removed every restriction" on Israeli forces, as well as stating: "Gaza won't return to what it was before. We will eliminate everything." On 10 October, the head of the Israeli army's Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT), Maj. Gen. Ghassan Alian, addressed a message directly to Gaza residents: "Human animals must be treated as such. There will be no electricity and no water, there will only be destruction. You wanted hell, you will get hell". The same day, Israeli army spokesperson Daniel Hagari acknowledged the wanton and intentionally destructive nature of Israel's bombing campaign in Gaza: "The emphasis is on damage and not on accuracy."
3577: 3669: 3151: 2522:, Ireland, found Sri Lanka guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, but it found insufficient evidence to justify the charge of genocide. The tribunal requested a thorough investigation as some of the evidence indicated "possible acts of genocide". Its panel found Sri Lanka guilty of genocide at its 7–10 December 2013 hearings in Berman, Germany. It also found that the US and UK were guilty of complicity. A decision on whether India, and other states, had also acted in complicity was withheld. PPT reported that LTTE could not be accurately characterized as "terrorist", stating that movements classified as "terrorist" because of their rebellion against a state, can become political entities recognized by the international community. The 3997: 4098: 3677: 5113:, p. 160: "Rigorous examination of the travaux fails to confirm a popular impression in the literature that the opposition to the inclusion of political genocide was some Soviet machination. The Soviet views were also shared by a number of other States for whom it is difficult to establish any geographic or social common denominator: Lebanon, Sweden, Brazil, Peru, Venezuela, the Philippines, the Dominican Republic, Iran, Egypt, Belgium, and Uruguay. The exclusion of political groups was originally promoted by a non-governmental organization, the World Jewish Congress, and it corresponded to Raphael Lemkin's vision of the nature of the crime of genocide." 3815: 2306:(CPPCG) of 1948 as "any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group, as such: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group's conditions of life, calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; forcibly transferring children of the group to another group." 4308: 2670: 66: 11686:
government's openly Armenophobic practices, clearly display the Azerbaijani regime's goal to completely eliminate the ethnic Armenian community residing in Artsakh, striving to eradicate any Armenian presence from the region. These verbalized aspirations, frequently translated into legal measures and manifested through the cited criminal acts detailed in this report, meet the criteria for the essential intent necessary for classifying these actions as genocidal.
16036: 3349:" (Brown caterpillar), while the SPLA claim that it is just another battalion. Immediately after the alleged coup in 2013, Dinka troops, and particularly Mathiang Anyoor, were accused of carrying out pogroms, assisted by guides, in house to house searches of Nuer suburbs, while similar door to door searches of Nuers were reported in government held Malakal. About 240 Nuer men were killed at a police station in Juba's Gudele neighborhood. During the 292: 3437: 16046: 3544:(500–2,000 Yazidis killed), Ramadi Jabal (60–70 Yazidis killed), Dhola (50 Yazidis killed), Khana Sor (100 Yazidis killed), Hardan area (250–300 Yazidis killed), al-Shimal (dozens of Yazidis killed), Khocho (400 Yazidis killed and 1,000 abducted), Jadala (14 Yazidis killed) and Beshir (700 Shia Turkmen killed), and others committed near Mosul (670 Shia inmates of the Badush prison killed), and in 3201:
houses, and widespread gang rapes and other forms of sexual violence against the Rohingya Muslim women and girls. The military drive also displaced a large number of Rohingya people and made them refugees. According to the United Nations reports, as of September 2018, over 700,000 Rohingya people had fled or had been driven out of Rakhine state who then took shelter in the neighboring
11785:'...there is reasonable basis to believe that President Aliyev has Genocidal intentions: he has knowingly, willingly and voluntarily blockaded the Lachin Corridor even after having been placed on notice regarding the consequences of his actions by the ICJ's provisional orders,' the founding prosecutor of the International Criminal Court wrote in his conclusion. 4653:'We have to prevent a mass expulsion of ethnic Armenians from Nagorno-Karabakh,' remarks Oleksandra Matviichuk, FIDH's Vice-President, 'and we fear that the worst is yet to come for civilians who are left at the mercy of the advancing hostile forces unless the international community intervenes.' The international community must intervene to prevent genocide. 4867:, p. 6: "Genocide is an action-oriented model designed for moral condemnation, prevention, intervention or punishment. In other words, genocide is a normative, action-oriented concept made for the political struggle, but in order to be operational it leads to simplification, with a focus on government policies."; 13949:... estimated population for the year 1769 ... Nationwide by this time only about one-third of one percent of America's populationβ€”250,000 out of 76,000,000 peopleβ€”were natives. The worst human holocaust the world had ever witnessed ... finally had leveled off. There was, at last, almost no one left to kill. 11926:
Statements of Israeli officials since 7 October 2023 suggest that beyond the killings and restriction of basic conditions for life perpetrated against Palestinians in Gaza, there are also indications that the ongoing and imminent Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip are being conducted with potentially
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concluded that there were reasonable grounds to infer that Russia breached two articles of the 1948 Genocide Convention, by publicly inciting genocide through its denial of Ukraine's right to exist as a state and its denial of the Ukrainian people's right to exist as a nation, as well as through its
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on behalf of the government forces. The intervention has been described as a genocide against Yemenis by some commentators due to war crimes and its role in the humanitarian crisis in Yemen. The Saudi-led campaign had a dramatic worsening effect on the humanitarian crisis in Yemen by contributing to
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that his estimate had increased since November 2019, estimating that a total of 1.8 million Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities had been extrajudicially detained in what he described as "the largest incarceration of an ethnoreligious minority since the Holocaust", arguing that the Chinese Government
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highlighted the sentences, "Indisputably, the most important truth that emerges from our investigation is that the Rwandan genocide could have been prevented by those in the international community who had the position and means to do so. ... The world failed Rwanda. ... simply did not care enough
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were reportedly used on multiple occasions by the coalition. In March 2017, HRW reported that "Since the start of the current conflict, at least 4,773 civilians had been killed and 8,272 wounded, the majority by coalition airstrikes. ... Human Rights Watch has documented 62 apparently unlawful
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wrote that the genocidal aspects of Russian war crimes in Ukraine did not just include mass murder and deportation, they also included the intentional destruction of Ukrainian cultural sites, and he also wrote that Putin framed his genocide as the "victim's revenge" for the previous one. Political
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by Saudi warships which began in 2015 also worsened the situation, leaving the many in without access to food, water and medical aid. Aid to Yemen to relieve the situation was often delayed by the Saudi blockade, leading to further deaths. On 1 July 2015, the UN declared for Yemen a "level-three"
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as both a crime against humanity and an act of genocide. Minority Rights Group International reported evidence of mass killings, cannibalism and rape. The report, which labeled these events as a campaign of extermination, linked the violence to beliefs about special powers held by the Bambuti. In
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tribe were killed for attempting to launch an uprising against ISIL rule. The UN reported that in June 2014 ISIL had killed a number of Sunni Islamic clerics who refused to pledge allegiance to it. By 2014, a U.N. Humans Rights commission counted that 9,347 civilians had been murdered by ISIL in
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fell by 84%. In the same period, the birth rate of the whole country decreased by 9.69%, from 12.07 to 10.9 per 1,000 people. Chinese authorities acknowledged that birth rates dropped by almost a third in 2018 in Xinjiang, but denied reports of forced sterilization and genocide. Birth rates have
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asserts that "Tamils across Sri Lanka, particularly in the historical Tamil homeland of the NorthEast, have been subject to gross and systematic human rights violations, culminating in the mass atrocities committed in 2009. Sri Lanka's historic violations include over 60 years of state sponsored
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Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) estimated in December 2017 that during the persecution, the military and the local Buddhists killed at least 10,000 Rohingya people. At least 392 Rohingya villages in Rakhine state were reported as burned down and destroyed, as well as the looting of many Rohingya
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has so designated. Mohammed Hassan Kakar argues that the definition should include political groups or any group so defined by the perpetrator. He prefers the definition from Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn, which defines genocide as "a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other
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President Aliyev's intention to commit genocide against the Armenian of Nagorno-Karabakh "should be deduced from his informed, voluntary and antagonistic decisions with full disregard of the International Court of Justice orders." ... President Aliyev's public statements, coupled with his
3362:, Kwongo Dak Padiet, claimed his people were at risk of physical and cultural extinction. In the Equatoria region, Dinka soldiers were accused of targeting civilians on ethnic lines against the dozens of ethnic groups among the Equatorians, with much of the atrocities being blamed on 4863:, pp. 5–17: "On any ranking of crimes or atrocities, it would be difficult to name an act or event regarded as more heinous. Genocide arguably appears now as the most serious offense in humanity's lengthyβ€”and, we recognize, still growingβ€”list of moral or legal violations."; 11833: 3576: 2710:
estimated that in the First Chechen War alone, between 20,000 and 30,000 Chechens were killed, mostly in indiscriminate attacks which were launched against them by Russian forces in densely populated areas, and that a further 25,000 civilians died in the Second Chechen War.
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and discrimination in the country, much of which was given tacit encouragement by extremist nationalist Buddhist monks and the military-controlled government. Muslim groups have claimed that they were subjected to genocide, torture, arbitrary detention, and cruel,
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were forced from their homes and Yasmin Sooka, chairwoman of the Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan, claimed that the government was engaging in "social engineering" after it transported 2,000 mostly Dinka people to the abandoned areas. The king of the
6759: 7144: 6476:"Even on Easter Sunday, there are those who sow hatred and reap death. The attacks in #SriLanka churches testify to a real genocide perpetrated against Christians. Let us pray for the innocent victims and work towards religious freedom around the world" 4871:, pp. 149–189: "... genocide has become the yardstick, the gold standard for identifying and measuring political evil in our times. The label 'genocide' confers moral distinction on its victims and indisputable condemnation on its perpetrators." 4182:. According to over 100 international experts, because these acts appeared to have been carried out with an "intent to destroy, in whole or in part" a national group in line with the explicit goals of Hamas, these acts likely amounted to genocide. 3646:
coalition airstrikes, some of which may amount to war crimes, that have killed nearly 900 civilians, and documented seven indiscriminate attacks by Houthi-Saleh forces in Aden and Taizz that killed 139 people, including at least eight children."
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looking into these alleged violations found "credible allegations, which if proven, indicate that serious violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law were committed by both the Government of Sri Lanka and the
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anti-Tamil pogroms, massacres, sexual violence, and acts of cultural and linguistic destruction perpetrated by the state. These atrocities have been perpetrated with the intent to destroy the Tamil people, and therefore constitute genocide."
9949: 7686: 15062: 1256: 11867: 8485: 6505: 7963: 11806: 4043:– that what Armenians are facing from Azerbaijan is genocide." Experts in genocide prevention have stated that Azerbaijan's ongoing blockade of Artsakh and sabotage of public infrastructure constitutes genocide according to the 10109: 3791:
As of late 2022, the combined impact of wartime violence, famine and a lack of medical access had killed an estimated 385,000-600,000 people, with other reported estimates reaching numbers as high as 700,000-800,000 killed.
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The port has been blockaded by the Saudi-led coalition for the past three years, a decision aid organizations say has been the main contributing factor to the famine that threatens to engulf half of Yemen's 28 million
5155:"Factual Supplement to the Report to Congress on Measures Taken by the Government of Sri Lanka and International Bodies To Investigate and Hold Accountable Violators of International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law" 3548:
prison, Iraq (200 Yazidis killed for refusing conversion). The UN estimated that 5,000 Yazidis were killed by ISIL during the takeover of parts of northern Iraq in August 2014. In late May 2014, 150 Kurdish boys from
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in particular. Among the known killings of civilians who were members of religious and other minority groups which were carried out by ISIL were those killings which were committed in the villages and towns of
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deportations as genocide by default, and differed from the adopted Genocide Convention in many ways. From a 21st-century perspective, its coverage was very broad, and as a result, it would classify any gross
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refused to accept Chechnya's independence; subsequently, the conflict between Chechnya and the Russian Federation escalated until it reached its climax when Russian troops invaded Chechnya and launched the
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for Ethiopia, stating that "both sides are committing genocide", and that "Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's hate speech and calls for war" together with attacks by the ENDF and TPLF put Ethiopia into stages 4
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van Bruineßen, Martin (1994), "Genocide in Kurdistan? The suppression of the Dersim rebellion in Turkey (1937–38) and the chemical war against the Iraqi Kurds (1988)", in Andreopoulos, George J. (ed.),
7495: 7177: 3337:" was often accused of being behind hardline SPLM policies. While the army used to attract men who were members of different tribes, during the war, a large number of the SPLA's soldiers were from the 7372: 6791: 2511:, passed a resolution in August 2012 finding that "Systematic sexual violence against Tamil women" by Sri Lankan forces constituted genocide, calling for an "independent international investigation". 9939: 6420: 4223:
had been extensively discussed. They described the analyses as producing "reams of paper were dedicated to analysing the past and pledging to heed warning signs and prevent genocide". A group of 34
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and condemned by the civilized world", and it also states that "at all periods of history genocide has inflicted great losses on humanity." Genocide is widely considered to be the epitome of human
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so they could be forcibly adopted by Russian families were all classified as genocidal acts, while the words of Putin's officials, such as "There is no Ukraine", have been cited as examples of
2397: 8371: 7559: 8475: 5801: 3571: 11178: 9916: 6515: 6387: 6059: 7992: 7953: 3345:, and within the country the army was often referred to as "the Dinka army". Much of the worst atrocities committed are blamed on a group known as "Dot Ke Beny" (Rescue the President) or " 15036: 12369: 2303: 1222: 8877: 3246:
described the situation as "genocide". The United Nations described the persecution as "a textbook example of ethnic cleansing". In late September that year, a seven-member panel of the
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called for genocide prevention, stating, "We need to focus on an urgent programme of Genocide Prevention advocacy on Ethiopia NOW. It may be too late in 2 weeks, guys." On 26 November,
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Colonial Genocide and Reparations Claims in the 21st Century: The Socio-Legal Context of Claims under International Law by the Herero against Germany for Genocide in Namibia, 1904–1908
10838: 9054: 8847: 7326: 13049: 12206: 10775: 10508: 10099: 4669: 3771:(EDF) were "literally genocide by decree. Wherever they're moving, whomever they find, they kill him or her, an old man, a child, a nursing women, or anything." On 20 November 2021, 10504: 9289: 6127: 8900: 3987: 9012: 8316: 7615:"The Uyghur Minority in China: A Case Study of Cultural Genocide, Minority Rights and the Insufficiency of the International Legal Framework in Preventing State-Imposed Extinction" 6824: 10893: 8045: 4332: 3805: 2922: 11475: 8750: 11556: 10858:"Saudi Arabia admits it used UK-made cluster bombs in Yemen; Confirmation by Saudi-led coalition raises pressure on UK government which has refused to curb arms sales to Riyadh" 7052: 4837: 4685: 2546: 11708: 11104: 9848: 7708: 7435: 3553:
aged 14–16 were abducted and subjected to torture and abuse, according to Human Rights Watch. In the Syrian towns of Ghraneij, Abu Haman and Kashkiyeh 700 members of the Sunni
10857: 10015: 8205: 7273: 5937: 4047:: "Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction" and that there are various indicators that Azerbaijan possesses 2393: 12255: 11032: 10934: 9081: 8021: 7527: 4773: 13266: 11657:"Risk Factors and Indicators of the Crime of Genocide in the Republic of Artsakh: Applying the UN Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes to the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict" 10446:"Saudi Arabia delaying aid to Yemen is 'killing children', warns Save the Children; Saudi-led coalition accused of 'turning aid and commercial supplies into weapons of war'" 9619: 12814: 10989: 9466: 9186: 5408: 9586: 8228: 7915: 10552: 10445: 9556: 9436: 8814: 8172: 6848: 16808: 12181: 10538: 8349: 6091: 2837: 10754: 10728: 10241: 16259: 9371: 8631: 7402: 7290: 5532: 4080: 10319: 9816: 2934: 17900: 11946: 10334: 9526: 8727: 8581: 4747: 11669: 5255: 15525: 13983: 10487: 10205: 8679: 3961: 3863: 1725: 10963: 10134: 9874: 9319: 8694: 8515: 8419: 16577: 11631: 10793: 10591: 9257: 8115: 4630: 28: 7334: 5352: 5232: 14581: 11435: 10674: 7485: 7167: 5683: 5593: 5442: 3609:. Over 78% of the population, 20 million people, were in need of humanitarian assistance in 2015 according to the UN. The intervention also contributed to the 2865: 759: 12044: 11913: 9773: 4056: 18011: 16816: 16550: 10658: 7743: 7362: 6801: 5744: 2714:
Some scholars estimated that the Russian government's brutal attacks against such a small ethnic group amounted to a crime of genocide. The German-based NGO
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Chakma, Kabita; Hill, Glen (2013). "Indigenous Women and Culture in the Colonized Chittagong Hills Tracts of Bangladesh". In Visweswaran, Kamala (ed.).
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By 1951, Lemkin was saying that the Soviet Union was the only state that could be indicted for genocide; his concept of genocide, as it was outlined in
3948: 2367:; however, this claim is not supported by evidence. The Soviet view was shared and supported by many diverse countries, and they were also in line with 16848: 9665: 6545: 3890:
Ukrainians, describing them as "vermin", "rats", "unpeople", "diseased", and they also wrote that Ukraine itself must be "erased". On 6 April 2022, an
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accuse the SPLA of aiding attacks by Dinka from Jonglei state against Boma state, and soldiers from Jonglei captured Kotchar in Boma in 2017. In 2010,
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language. Through 2024 an increasing number of genocide scholars have concluded that Israel's actions during the Israel–Hamas war amount to genocide.
3390:, issued a warning that "over the next five years, ... a new mass killing or genocide is most likely to occur in southern Sudan." In April 2017, 15920: 15303: 11143: 10401: 8384: 8252: 7549: 7023: 3280: 2136: 1497: 10189: 5812: 3193:. The atrocities included attacks on Rohingya people and locations, looting and burning down Rohingya villages, mass killing of Rohingya civilians, 17868: 16919: 14740: 13895: 11167: 10074: 9906: 9116: 8414: 6834: 6442: 6377: 6162: 6055: 5620: 3668: 3395: 3125: 2980: 2268: 926: 16238: 12330: 12216: 7985: 6578: 5321: 17727: 17507: 16943: 16204: 16118: 13731: 12747: 5135: 4052: 12359: 3264:
was again criticized for her silence on the issue and her support of the military's actions. Subsequently, in November 2017, the governments of
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pposition to China's Uyghur genocide is gaining momentum in Norway, where some politicians are fearful of jeopardizing ties with Beijing.
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Schleichender VΓΆlkermord in Tschetschenien. Verschwindenlassen – ethnische Verfolgung in Russland – Scheitern der internationalen Politik
6475: 4929: 4712: 4423: 4276: 3597: 3411: 1472: 1068: 589: 11740: 8786: 5905: 5558: 2646: 2545:"passed a strongly worded resolution accusing successive governments in the island nation of committing 'genocide' against Tamils". The 2472:
to continue the protest. Legal action against Sri Lankan leaders for alleged genocide has been initiated. Norwegian human rights lawyer
17987: 17934: 16903: 14566: 14015: 6740: 6292: 4253: 3533: 2918: 2914: 744: 258: 11799:"Starvation as a Means of Genocide: Azerbaijan's Blockade of the Lachin Corridor Between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh – Just Security" 11566: 6939: 6001: 5655: 5154: 4695: 17181: 16557: 16346: 16084: 11698: 11183:
Independent scholars, based at Ghent University in Belgium, suggest that the death toll in Tigray is now between 385,000 and 600,000.
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Human rights situations that require the Council's attention: Report of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar
7425: 6760:"Ukraine's parliament declares the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 'temporarily occupied by Russia' and condemns 'genocide of Chechens'" 4635: 4458: 3415: 24: 10867: 8195: 5927: 5776: 16267: 14501: 14389: 14132: 12245: 11735: 11664: 11042: 10931: 10537:. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Protection Cluster. 10 December 2015. 9091: 8017: 7517: 4763: 4690: 4428: 4028: 3952: 3756: 3419: 3399: 671: 559: 11834:"Genocide and settler colonialism: can a Lemkin-inspired genocide perspective aid our understanding of the Palestinian situation?" 8010: 7282: 5398: 4786:
France's foreign minister has joined international observers in warning of the risk of 'ethnic cleansing' in the breakaway region.
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was engaging in policies in violation of the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.
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In particular, critics have highlighted the concentration of Uyghurs in state-sponsored internment camps, suppression of Uyghur
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Sommer, Tomasz (2010). "Execute the Poles: The Genocide of Poles in the Soviet Union, 1937–1938. Documents from Headquarters".
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were hunted down and eaten by both sides in the conflict, who regarded them as subhuman. Sinafasi Makelo, a representative of
17590: 16784: 16646: 16049: 14640: 14571: 14304: 14100: 13971: 13942: 13836: 13811: 13782: 13754: 13712: 13687: 13639: 13486: 13448: 13399: 13378: 13355: 13248: 13181: 13139: 13114: 13087: 13062: 13030: 12732: 12683: 12588: 12563: 12544: 12471: 12443: 12411: 12065:"Gaza as Twilight of Israel Exceptionalism: Holocaust and Genocide Studies from Unprecedented Crisis to Unprecedented Change" 11897: 11861: 10318:. European Commission's Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations. 14 December 2015. 10315: 10231: 9404: 5043: 5012: 4943: 4448: 4268: 3655: 2488: 2291: 818: 749: 474: 125: 11206: 11005: 9805: 9361: 9028: 8621: 8105: 7394: 7088: 6888: 6033: 5522: 5468: 3299:", including acts of "ethnic cleansing" and "genocide", particularly for the August–September 2017 attacks on the Rohingya. 2702:. By 2009, Chechen resistance was crushed and the war ended with Russia re-establishing its control over Chechnya. Numerous 18019: 17539: 17148: 17068: 15084: 14394: 14216: 10330: 9224: 7001: 6969: 4832: 4012:
In September 2023, human rights organizations and experts in genocide prevention issued alerts stating that the indigenous
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The preamble to the CPPCG states that "genocide is a crime under international law, contrary to the spirit and aims of the
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Cooper, Allan D. (3 August 2006). "Reparations for the Herero Genocide: Defining the limits of international litigation".
11956: 10480: 9518: 8719: 8571: 8280: 6411:"Eighth explosion kills police officers in Sri Lanka as death toll from Easter Sunday bomb attacks rises to more than 200" 6324: 4739: 17775: 16882: 16188: 15730: 15400: 15313: 15204: 14872: 14692: 14329: 14314: 12838: 12052: 11656: 8942: 4337: 3601: 2523: 2504: 2427:, some of which would amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity". Some activists and politicians also accused the 1938: 1594: 1507: 1398: 1058: 876: 499: 484: 32: 14043:
Weisbord, Robert G. (2003). "The King, the Cardinal, and the Pope: Leopold II's genocide in the Congo and the Vatican".
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declared that "genocide may be an appropriate term to describe the violence" following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
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Anti-Mongolianism Β§ State-sponsored genocides by the Russian Empire/Soviet Russia, Imperial China/Communist China
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emergencyβ€”the highest UN emergency levelβ€”for a period of six months. By December 2015, 2.5 million Yemeni people were
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Madley, Benjamin (2008). "From Terror to Genocide: Britain's Tasmanian Penal Colony and Australia's History Wars".
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may have feared greater international scrutiny of the political killings that occurred in the country, such as the
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In the Eye of Power: China and Xinjiang from the Qing Conquest to the 'New Great Game' for Central Asia, 1759–2004
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found the Myanmar military and the Myanmar authority guilty of the crime of genocide against the Rohingya and the
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minority that are alleged to amount to genocide. For many years, the Rohingya had been one the primary targets of
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Expelling the Germans: British opinion and post-1945 population transfer in context. Oxford historical monographs
11767: 10917: 9347: 8982: 8538: 8476:"Rohingya crisis: Burmese military guilty of widespread rape of fleeing women and girls, Human Rights Watch says" 4586:
violation as a genocide, and many events that were deemed genocidal by Lemkin did not amount to genocide. As the
4557: 4076: 2900: 2845: 2794:" (to wipe the slate clean). The aim of the operation, according to witnesses, was to rid the forest of pygmies. 2678: 2254: 1467: 970: 719: 514: 11168:"Surge of dehumanizing hate speech points to mounting risk of mass atrocities in northern Ethiopia, experts say" 9737: 7839: 5383: 4031:
states "There is no doubt in the minds of experts in genocide prevention – at the Lemkin Institute, but also at
17916: 17546: 17304: 16720: 16510: 16220: 14404: 12098: 7916:"Canadian went to China to debunk reports of anti-Muslim repression, but was 'shocked' by treatment of Uyghurs" 7679:"Menendez, Cornyn Introduce Bipartisan Resolution to Designate Uyghur Human Rights Abuses by China as Genocide" 7646: 6705: 5808: 5035: 4224: 4060: 3460: 3308: 3247: 3175: 3113: 2942: 2715: 2562: 2515: 2407: 574: 251: 160: 17823: 14546: 11069: 9643: 9488: 8442: 7769: 7461: 5837: 3908:. It called for the full destruction of Ukraine as a state and the full destruction of the Ukrainian people's 2355:
played in excluding political groups from the international definition of genocide, which is contained in the
724: 17576: 16680: 16275: 16077: 15952: 15668: 14384: 10694: 10298:"Durable ceasefire needed as 'humanitarian catastrophe' leaves millions suffering in Yemen – UN relief chief" 8379: 4801: 4418: 4240: 3676: 2168: 1876: 554: 140: 17876: 17743: 12320: 8596: 7215: 6537: 4631:"Azerbaijan's attack on Nagorno-Karabakh raises the risk of genocide against ethnic Armenians in the region" 17597: 17569: 16760: 16656: 15231: 15179: 14155: 14125: 14045: 13603:
The Holocaust is commonly defined as the murder of more than 5,000,000 Jews by the Germans in World War II.
13173: 13131: 12872: 12707: 12633: 12153: 12119: 12069: 12011: 11362: 11283: 10774:. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affair, UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Yemen. 9 May 2015. 10465: 6668: 6614: 5873: 5297: 4327: 4272: 3716: 3663: 3292: 3225: 3121: 2869: 2642: 2465: 2344: 1425: 1373: 309: 90: 11133: 8262: 7031: 3078:
continued to plummet in Xinjiang, falling nearly 24% in 2019 alone when compared to just 4.2% nationwide.
17884: 17759: 17751: 17052: 16638: 15863: 15715: 15134: 14735: 14681: 14090: 12752:
Instrumentes Legales y Operativos Para el Funcionamiento de la ComisiΓ³n Para el Esclarecimiento HistΓ³rico
12490: 10185: 7986:"Responsibility of States under International Law to Uyghurs and other Turkic Muslims in Xinjiang, China" 7486:"'Cultural genocide': China separating thousands of Muslim children from parents for 'thought education'" 4353: 3619: 3353:
in the Upper Nile region between the SPLA and the SPLA-IO allied Upper Nile faction of Uliny, Shilluk in
3312: 3258: 2542: 2079: 1923: 1328: 921: 859: 182: 11947:"As a former IDF soldier and historian of genocide, I was deeply disturbed by my recent visit to Israel" 10084: 6151: 5609: 5313: 2926: 17799: 17004: 15972: 14757: 14439: 14170: 14021: 13627: 13502: 13158: 12994: 12580: 12463: 12435: 7773: 6567: 6283:"Sri Lanka blasts: At least 138 dead and more than 400 injured in multiple church and hotel explosions" 4894: 4157: 4153: 3642: 3133: 2188: 943: 609: 324: 12755: 5124: 17767: 17735: 17617: 17500: 15325: 15139: 15041: 14926: 14588: 14556: 14226: 14160: 13584: 12144: 12114: 6889:"Nigeria's Silent Slaughter Genocide in Nigeria and the Implications for the International Community" 5348: 4717: 4179: 2995: 2976: 2938: 2458: 2321:
estimated that 43 genocides occurred between 1956 and 2016, resulting in 50 million deaths. The
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article acknowledged that Putin's goal was to "erase Ukraine as a political and national entity and
2856:. Over 2.8 million civilians have been displaced and the death toll is estimated to number 300,000. 17465: 17456: 17157: 16534: 16070: 15585: 15473: 15320: 15089: 15026: 14854: 14809: 14671: 14551: 14533: 14469: 14399: 14283: 13704: 13679: 13262: 12964:
Crimes of State Past and Present: Government-Sponsored Atrocities and International Legal Responses
10958: 7339: 6249: 6221: 5186: 4487: 4345: 3720: 3318: 3054: 2508: 2295: 1785: 1673: 1514: 1283: 1212: 1040: 995: 849: 729: 709: 639: 569: 445: 205: 116: 17924: 13549: 12015:(Forum: Israel–Palestine: Atrocity Crimes and the Crisis of Holocaust and Genocide Studies): 1–7. 10980:"Ethiopian patriarch pleads for international help to stop rape and genocide by government troops" 7581: 3625:
The coalition forces been accused of war crimes, including deliberately targeting civilian areas,
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It appears to be the largest imprisonment of people on the basis of religion since the Holocaust.
7135:"Uyghur American Association holds rally in US to raise awareness about Muslim genocide in China" 5496: 5004: 4358: 3768: 3487:, as well as reports of clerics being killed for refusing to pledge allegiance to the so-called " 3334: 3296: 3117: 2972: 2841: 2746: 2469: 2464:
In 2009, thousands of Tamils protested against the atrocities in cities all over the world. (See
2440: 2084: 2064: 1918: 1908: 1866: 1482: 1323: 1177: 1147: 1142: 1085: 1020: 1005: 938: 911: 896: 275: 14936: 12868:"A genocide that never was: explaining the myth of anti-Chinese massacres in Indonesia, 1965–66" 12631:
Weiss-Wendt, Anton (December 2005). "Hostage of Politics: Raphael Lemkin on 'Soviet Genocide'".
9972: 8018:"China Forces Birth Control on Uighurs to Suppress Population | Voice of America – English" 6921: 6666:
Jones, Adam (2011). "Let Our Fame Be Great: Journeys Among the Defiant People of the Caucasus".
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accused the Russian authorities of genocide in its 2005 report on Chechnya. On 18 October 2022,
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Iraq, then however; by 2016 a second report by the United Nations estimated 18,802 deaths. The
3431: 3109: 2611: 2183: 2156: 2146: 1604: 1584: 1447: 1318: 1207: 1157: 1127: 1107: 1035: 1015: 990: 985: 980: 891: 854: 827: 798: 793: 373: 363: 150: 135: 110: 17831: 12278: 10135:"Saudi-led coalition in Yemen accused of 'genocide' after airstrike on funeral hall kills 140" 8132: 6483: 4998: 4722: 18075: 17892: 17647: 16927: 16605: 16356: 16299: 16180: 15935: 15895: 15828: 15725: 15673: 15600: 15355: 15119: 15031: 15006: 15001: 14986: 14981: 14976: 14916: 14864: 14824: 14730: 14700: 14598: 14221: 13740: 13631: 13588: 13347: 12959: 12403: 11889: 11730: 8790: 8650: 6610: 6574: 4492: 4482: 4408: 3182: 2910: 2877: 2873: 2736: 2707: 2503:
called on the Indian government to bring Rajapaksa before international courts for genocide.
2428: 2372: 2151: 2111: 2044: 1933: 1881: 1800: 1549: 1313: 1217: 1192: 1187: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1102: 1050: 1010: 916: 886: 776: 383: 12520: 8196:"Xinjiang government confirms huge birth rate drop but denies forced sterilization of women" 6282: 6150: 5895: 5766: 5548: 3637:(HRW) later expressed concern that the bombing was causing unnecessarily harming civilians. 2457:. Refugees who escaped from Sri Lanka also stated that they fled from genocide, and various 18043: 17942: 17525: 17318: 17297: 16664: 16518: 16364: 16323: 16101: 15806: 15340: 15214: 14931: 14889: 14839: 14814: 14630: 14593: 14334: 14196: 13436:
Genocide in the Age of the Nation State: Volume 2: The Rise of the West and Coming Genocide
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Report on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict in Iraq: 6 July – 10 September 2014
9431: 9007: 8978: 8344: 8312: 7430: 7286: 6935: 6123: 5991: 5932: 5162: 4165: 3827: 3593: 2527: 2454: 2415: 2334: 2022: 1534: 1408: 1117: 1075: 1025: 1000: 808: 771: 504: 358: 170: 85: 20: 11493: 10048: 9003:"U.N. calls for Myanmar generals to be tried for genocide, blames Facebook for incitement" 5645: 3006:) in what has become the largest-scale detention of ethnic and religious minorities since 2325:
estimated that a further 50 million had been displaced by such episodes of violence.
8: 17860: 17562: 17429: 17378: 17084: 16980: 16951: 16911: 16895: 16542: 16494: 16460: 16452: 16421: 16196: 15982: 15843: 15478: 15380: 15360: 15149: 15057: 15016: 14996: 14966: 14859: 14654: 14464: 14074: 13475:
Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History
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Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History
12881: 12823: 12360:"Lessons from Rwanda: dangers of an Ethiopian genocide increase as rebels threaten Addis" 12246:"The warning signs are there for genocide in Ethiopia – the world must act to prevent it" 11087: 11033:"The warning signs are there for genocide in Ethiopia – the world must act to prevent it" 10888: 9944: 9706: 8751:"Downing Street says Burma's treatment of Rohingya Muslims looks like 'ethnic cleansing'" 7954:"Muslim minority in China's Xinjiang face 'political indoctrination': Human Rights Watch" 7367: 6792:"Ukraine's parliament declares 'Chechen Republic of Ichkeria' Russian-occupied territory" 5260: 4545: 4472: 4453: 4220: 4129: 4044: 3957: 3944: 3760: 3712: 3508: 3504: 3240: 3141: 2968: 2849: 2778: 2622:, a second wave of attacks was planned, but was stopped as a result of government raids. 2535: 2403: 2356: 2198: 2059: 1678: 1574: 1554: 1343: 1251: 1202: 1182: 1152: 1045: 832: 634: 225: 130: 16696: 12767: 7283:"The China Cables: Leak reveals the scale of Beijing's repressive control over Xinjiang" 2722:
condemned the "genocide of the Chechen people" during the First and Second Chechen War.
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suicide bombings. Later that day, there were smaller explosions at a housing complex in
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and Clark, Lapsley & Alton also called for the predicted genocide to be prevented.
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estimated in December 2020 that 5 to 10% of detainees had died each year in the camps.
2948: 2791: 2699: 2686: 2660: 2607: 1963: 1958: 1948: 1896: 1886: 1861: 1795: 1753: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1559: 844: 100: 13327: 10633: 10348: 10297: 7806: 7120: 7043:"Rebels 'eating Pygmies' as mass slaughter continues in Congo despite peace agreement" 5992:"NPC passes resolution asking UN to investigate genocide of Tamils by Sri Lanka state" 4128:
state. Those who take this stance say that Israel has committed genocide due to their
3947:
declared that a genocide was taking place in Ukraine. On 27 May 2022, a report by the
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in December 1994, and in September 1999, they invaded Chechnya again and launched the
2453:
alleged that Sri Lanka's leaders committed genocide, along with Tamil Parliamentarian
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The Kaiser's Holocaust: Germany's Forgotten Genocide and the Colonial Roots of Nazism
13635: 13620: 13592: 13577: 13531: 13482: 13444: 13395: 13374: 13351: 13323: 13295:"Cover-up and Denial of Genocide: Australia, the USA, East Timor, and the Aborigines" 13276: 13244: 13177: 13135: 13110: 13083: 13058: 13026: 12998: 12971: 12941: 12905: 12893: 12799: 12728: 12679: 12666: 12654: 12611: 12584: 12559: 12540: 12467: 12453: 12439: 12407: 12397: 12207:"Hamas actions are war crimes, could constitute genocide – international law experts" 12136: 12032: 11893: 11857: 11410: 11385: 11342: 11304: 11260: 10884:"Saudi Arabia appears to be using U.S.-supplied white phosphorus in its war in Yemen" 9742: 8842: 8601: 8597:"U.N. genocide advisor: Myanmar waged 'scorched-earth campaign' against the Rohingya" 8067: 6734: 5527: 5500: 5039: 5008: 4939: 4898: 4443: 4398: 4341: 4117: 3913: 3909: 3855: 3630: 3614: 3480: 3212:
The 2017 persecution against the Rohingya Muslims and non-Muslims has been termed as
3145: 3103: 3023: 2930: 2881: 2782: 2695: 2656: 2496: 2477: 2230: 2141: 2069: 2054: 1837: 1780: 1579: 1487: 1378: 1298: 1137: 413: 234: 165: 80: 46: 17663: 16688: 16251: 14066: 12511: 11529:"Compilation of Countries' Statements Calling Russian Actions in Ukraine "Genocide"" 9146: 9117:"Dinka council of elders welcomes Kiir's decision firing ministers allied to Machar" 6689: 4178:
and other Palestinian militant groups have committed numerous war crimes during the
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The Ethiopian and Eritrean governments have repeatedly been accused of committing a
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Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur
13311: 13204: 12924: 12885: 12845:[Intensification of Violence and Militarization of the State (1979–1985)]. 12646: 12532: 12499: 12421: 12158: 12124: 12093: 12074: 12016: 11849: 11469: 11371: 11330: 11292: 11278: 11250: 11242: 10724: 10570: 9394: 8981:, 39th session, 10–28 September 2018, Agenda item 4. 24 August 2018. Archived from 8137: 7811: 7712: 7626: 6677: 5292: 4764:"Azerbaijani activists end Nagorno-Karabakh sit-in as Baku tightens grip on region" 4373: 4212: 4208: 4137: 4125: 4084: 4048: 4017: 3871: 3867: 3724: 3638: 3261: 3213: 3206: 3129: 2766: 2638: 2432: 2287: 2193: 2178: 2106: 2027: 1997: 1812: 1648: 1348: 906: 901: 739: 629: 215: 177: 120: 12163: 12148: 12128: 12079: 12064: 12020: 11763:"Top International Lawyer Calls Azerbaijani Blockade Of Nagorno-Karabakh Genocide" 11376: 11357: 11296: 8229:"China's Own Documents Show Potentially Genocidal Sterilization Plans in Xinjiang" 4124:. This accusation is linked by supporters to the conceptualization of Israel as a 3053:, severe ill-treatment, and testimonials of alleged human rights abuses including 18003: 17719: 17655: 17631: 17440: 17173: 17140: 17060: 16744: 16712: 16139: 15992: 15900: 15796: 15745: 15605: 15590: 15570: 15535: 15248: 15159: 15094: 14894: 14844: 14625: 14484: 13826: 13797: 13772: 13698: 13654: 13466: 13434: 13389: 13234: 13195:
Gray, Richard A. (1994). "Genocide in the Chittagong Hill tracts of Bangladesh".
13167: 13125: 13073: 13016: 12915: 12777: 12745: 12718: 12574: 12429: 12237: 12211: 11246: 11229:"How can the international community respond to evidence of genocide in Ukraine?" 11196: 11015: 10938: 10450: 10139: 10104: 9977: 9670: 9214: 9038: 8755: 8480: 8257: 7586: 7490: 7172: 7139: 7078: 7047: 6681: 6568:"Brief summary of concerns about human rights violations in the Chechen Republic" 6415: 6023: 5458: 5188:
Report of the Secretary-General's Panel of Experts on Accountability in Sri Lanka
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as refugees. In December 2017, two Reuters journalists who had been covering the
3186: 3166: 3062: 2885: 2809: 2803: 2754: 2500: 2208: 2116: 2012: 1953: 1805: 1790: 1770: 1735: 1442: 1353: 1288: 1080: 1030: 803: 654: 95: 11092:"Transcript – Call between Mulugeta Gebrehiwot and Alex de Waal 27 January 2021" 10375:"Saudi-led naval blockade leaves 20 m Yemenis facing humanitarian disaster" 10271:"Saudi-led naval blockade leaves 20 m Yemenis facing humanitarian disaster" 10100:"Isil carried out massacres and mass sexual enslavement of Yazidis, UN confirms" 6991: 6961: 5767:"Women's conference in Tamil Nadu terms oppression of Eezham Tamils as genocide" 17783: 17392: 17357: 17044: 17036: 17012: 16597: 16444: 16436: 15987: 15945: 15915: 15905: 15823: 15816: 15801: 15791: 15627: 15563: 15505: 15500: 15485: 15268: 15263: 15258: 15144: 15079: 14603: 14576: 14429: 14141: 13924: 13768: 13728:
Land Rights of the Indigenous Peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
13609:
O'Brien, Sharon (2004). "The Chittagong Hill Tracts". In Shelton, Dinah (ed.).
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The Lone Wolf and the Bear: Three Centuries of Chechen Defiance of Russian Rule
13079: 13022: 12955: 12826:, Brisbane: Dept. of International Business & Asian Studies. Archived from 12792:
Everyday Occupations: Experiencing Militarism in South Asia and the Middle East
12485: 12355: 11703: 11626: 11594: 11489: 11440: 11138: 11064: 10853: 10210: 10079: 9614: 9427:"South Sudan: UN warns of 'social engineering' amid looming threat of genocide" 8974: 8932: 8276: 8233: 8168: 8040: 7426:"The Missing: The families torn apart by China's campaign of cultural genocide" 7363:"Why Xi Jinping's Xinjiang policy is a major change in China's ethnic politics" 6829: 6314: 5996: 5195: 4664: 4591: 4280: 4249: 4169: 3988:
Blockade of the Republic of Artsakh (2022–present) Β§ Genocide risk factors
3966: 3859: 3839: 3831: 3781: 3696: 3254: 3221: 3050: 3046: 2906: 2833: 2829: 2787: 2719: 2669: 2626: 2595: 2492: 2473: 2389: 2368: 2310: 2299: 2203: 2161: 2131: 2121: 2039: 2032: 2017: 2007: 1827: 1763: 1705: 1700: 1685: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1338: 1273: 781: 754: 599: 283: 105: 13908: 13523: 13315: 12889: 12650: 11334: 10769:"Statement by the Humanitarian Coordinator for Yemen, Johannes Van Der Klaauw" 8372:"Rohingya crisis in Bangladesh: A summary of findings from six pooled surveys" 4594:
in an attempt to convince the United States to ratify the Genocide Convention.
18064: 17815: 17679: 17671: 17639: 17205: 16800: 15999: 15622: 15558: 15543: 15405: 15370: 15350: 15221: 15164: 15099: 14506: 14409: 14086: 13470: 13054: 13044: 13012: 12897: 12763: 12658: 12615: 12286: 12028: 11533: 11414: 11358:""We've Got to Kill Them": Responses to Bucha on Russian Social Media Groups" 10370: 10266: 10070: 8782: 8110: 8036:"China: Uighur women reportedly sterilized in attempt to suppress population" 7920: 7466: 7038: 6764: 4994: 4805: 4388: 4216: 4161: 4072: 3971: 3752: 3728: 3689: 3537: 3456: 3427: 3287:, and several of its commanders (including Commander-in-chief Senior General 3273: 3251: 3236: 3190: 3091: 3058: 3007: 2999: 2817: 2690: 2615: 2553:
The Sri Lankan government denied the allegations of genocide and war crimes.
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Black '47 and Beyond: The Great Irish Famine in History, Economy, and Memory
13225: 12536: 12350: 12348: 12276: 11494:"Russia's genocide handbook – The evidence of atrocity and of intent mounts" 10468:. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 22 November 2015. 8647:"UN Security Council: End disgraceful inaction on Myanmar's Rohingya crisis" 8193: 4168:. International law and genocide scholars accuse Israeli officials of using 3378:. Khalid Boutros of the Cobra faction as well as officials of the Murle led 3272:
signed a deal to facilitate the return of Rohingya refugees to their native
2959:
and other ethnic and religious minorities which live both in and around the
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List of concentration and internment camps Β§ People's Republic of China
17791: 17325: 17235: 15833: 15720: 15548: 15515: 15495: 15425: 15415: 15395: 15375: 15011: 14909: 14904: 14635: 14610: 14474: 14414: 14379: 14349: 14058: 14035: 13842: 13817: 13788: 13760: 13718: 13492: 13454: 13405: 13254: 13187: 13145: 13093: 13036: 12981: 12928: 12738: 12477: 12250: 12182:"In Hamas' horrific killings, Israeli trauma over the Holocaust resurfaces" 11951: 11881: 11837: 11829: 11762: 11561: 11557:"Russia is guilty of inciting genocide in Ukraine, expert report concludes" 11318: 11264: 11224: 11220: 11083: 11037: 10984: 10862: 10406: 10402:"Aid flights to Yemen blocked after Saudi Arabian jets bomb airport runway" 10379: 10275: 10236: 9847:(Report). United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 9366: 8699: 8307: 7243: 7239:"Clues to scale of Xinjiang labour operation emerge as China defends camps" 6447: 6382: 5437: 5403: 5049: 4925: 4583: 4553: 4236: 4203: 4133: 4121: 3887: 3883: 3876: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3589: 3468: 3338: 3031: 3011: 2757:
and other groups. The killings have been referred to as a silent genocide.
2673:
A Russian soldier stands on a mass grave of Chechens in Komsomolskoye, 2000
2352: 2049: 1928: 1748: 1715: 1695: 1619: 1609: 1589: 1569: 1197: 1095: 1090: 813: 788: 644: 584: 549: 519: 65: 16338: 11853: 9055:"Investigators call for genocide prosecutions over slaughter of Rohingyas" 8106:"China's genocide against the Uyghurs of Xinjiang, in 4 disturbing charts" 7878: 6250:"Bombs kill more than 200 in Sri Lankan churches, hotels on Easter Sunday" 6217:"Sri Lanka Easter bombings live: Blasts during church services in Colombo" 5000:
Economic Aspects of Genocides, Other Mass Atrocities, and Their Prevention
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within two months, drawing a mixed response from international onlookers.
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Extremely Violent Societies: Mass Violence in the Twentieth-Century World
12425: 12345: 12241: 12040: 11999: 11942: 11197:"Ethiopia civil war: Hyenas scavenge on corpses as Tigray forces retreat" 11059: 7554: 7550:"China's Oppression of the Uighurs 'The Equivalent of Cultural Genocide'" 6870: 6315:"Sri Lanka attacks: More than 200 killed as churches and hotels targeted" 6185:"156 Dead in Blasts at Two Sri Lanka Churches During Easter Mass: Report" 4507: 4198: 4102: 4001: 3905: 3901: 3748: 3391: 3367: 3354: 3229: 3082: 2647:
History of Chechnya Β§ Dissolution of the Soviet Union and afterwards
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In literature, some scholars have popularly emphasized the role that the
1943: 1903: 1871: 1730: 1690: 1524: 1437: 1388: 1363: 1263: 948: 666: 649: 604: 524: 13873: 12623: 12599: 9082:"Year After Rohingya Massacres, Top Generals Unrepentant and Unpunished" 7631: 7614: 6652: 6639:
Haque, Mozammel (1999). "Genocide in Chechnya and the World Community".
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Funeral of the Amhara people mass murdered in Mai Kadra by Tigray forces
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officials, human rights groups, and governments. British prime minister
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Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England
11233: 10091: 9940:"Syria tribal revolt against Islamic State ignored, fueling resentment" 9738:"Islamic State of Iraq and Syria aims to recruit Westerners with video" 9029:"Myanmar Rohingya: UN says military leaders must face genocide charges" 8892: 8572:"AP finds mass graves, latest evidence of Rohingya genocide in Myanmar" 7205: 6936:"Press Conference by Indigenous People of Democratic Republic of Congo" 6086: 4522: 4433: 4021: 3819: 3562:
in 2014 resulted in the killings of between 2,000 and 5,000 civilians.
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List of attacks on civilians attributed to Sri Lankan government forces
2225: 2220: 2101: 2096: 1992: 1968: 1817: 1710: 1668: 1624: 1432: 1420: 1393: 1383: 1303: 693: 688: 659: 594: 435: 17028: 13568:
The Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh: On the Difficult Road to Peace
12488:(1 July 2012). "Perspectives on Norman Naimark's Stalin's Genocides". 10954:"US congressman Michael McCaul raises spectre of 'genocide' in Tigray" 10747:"Saudi-led strikes in Yemen break international law: U.N. coordinator" 7740:"British lawmakers call for sanctions over Uighur human rights abuses" 7304: 6149:
Bastians, Dharisha; Gettleman, Jeffrey; Schultz, Kai (21 April 2019).
4833:"Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide" 3370:, the U.N.'s Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, warned of 17269: 17258: 16736: 16395: 15910: 15858: 15575: 15174: 14299: 13865: 13208: 12967: 12843:"AgudizaciΓ³n de la Violencia y MilitarizaciΓ³n del Estado (1979–1985)" 12642: 12060: 11845: 11405: 10575: 10473: 10323: 9774:"U.N.: Islamic State executed imam of mosque where Baghdadi preached" 9215:"South Sudan conflict: 'Soldiers will kill you for no reason in Yei'" 7522: 6916: 5964: 5704: 5650: 5588: 4847:
Note: "ethnical", although unusual, is found in several dictionaries.
4578: 4517: 4512: 4393: 4145: 4013: 3974:
its inhabitants", warning that Russia's war could become a genocide.
3940: 3732: 3512: 3194: 3019: 2703: 2580: 2572: 2436: 2411: 2348:
authority intends to destroy a group so defined by the perpetrator."
2126: 2074: 1775: 1368: 469: 220: 12991:
Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900–1900
12089:"International laws against genocide exist: so why don't they work?" 11127: 11125: 8805:"French President labels attacks on Rohingya minority as 'genocide'" 8695:"'Hallmarks of genocide': ICC prosecutor seeks justice for Rohingya" 7840:"China putting minority Muslims in 'concentration camps,' U.S. says" 6114:"US Official, Injured in Sri Lanka Suicide Attack, Dies in Hospital" 5549:"War crime, genocide case against Rajapaksa placed in Norway courts" 2919:
History of Xinjiang Β§ People's Republic of China (1949–present)
2304:
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
18036:
Defense for Children International – Palestine et al v. Biden et al
17332: 17311: 17283: 17228: 16093: 15875: 15705: 15632: 15283: 15209: 15114: 15074: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14369: 14364: 14309: 13803: 13541:
Death and Exile: The Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821–1922
13515: 12867: 12576:
The Roots of Evil: The Origins of Genocide and Other Group Violence
12228: 12226: 11501: 11465:"Russische Nachrichtenagentur ruft zur Vernichtung der Ukraine auf" 11201: 11010: 10628: 10010: 9879: 9399: 9219: 9059: 9033: 8937: 8809: 8576: 8072: 7319:"Holocaust Memorial Day: Jewish figures condemn Uighur persecution" 7210: 7115: 7083: 6996: 6965: 6378:"Sri Lanka blasts: hundreds injured in church and hotel explosions" 6347:"Sri Lanka Easter bombings: Mass casualties in churches and hotels" 6319: 6028: 5900: 5771: 5553: 5463: 5031:
Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982
4768: 4587: 4561: 4368: 4307: 3784:), 6 (polarization), 8 (persecution), and 9 (extermination) of the 3685: 3545: 3528: 3496: 3371: 3284: 3217: 3189:
and committing atrocities against them in the country's north-west
3039: 3015: 2960: 2682: 2588: 2499:
to intervene to "stop the genocide of Tamils", while his successor
2444: 2340: 2282: 2091: 1913: 1832: 1477: 1403: 1308: 1268: 624: 619: 614: 539: 534: 479: 210: 54: 13050:
The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal
12769:
The Last of the Tasmanians; or, The Black War of Van Diemen's Land
12314: 12312: 11886:
Redefining Genocide: Settler Colonialism, Social Death and Ecocide
10624:"Yemen conflict: Saudi-led coalition targeting civilians, UN says" 10509:
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
10161:"Calls for accountability as Yemen suffers genocide by starvation" 8933:"Myanmar Rohingya crisis: Deal to allow return of Muslim refugees" 8194:
Ivan Watson, Rebecca Wright and Ben Westcott (21 September 2020).
6056:"Easter Sunday attacks SC grants Leave to proceed 12 FR Petitions" 5288:"Leading Sri Lanka Tamil Politician Claims 'Genocide' by Military" 3763:, stated on 27 January 2021 that the killings of Tigrayans by the 3572:
Human rights violations during the Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)
14374: 14278: 14258: 14231: 14206: 14110: 12186: 11467:[Russian news agency calls for annihilation of Ukraine]. 11122: 11031:
Clark, Helen; Lapsley, Michael; Alton, David (26 November 2021).
10535:"Task Force on Population Movement, 6th Report, 10 December 2015" 10505:"Yemen: highest emergency response level declared for six months" 9666:"UK goes beyond UN to say South Sudan violence 'is now genocide'" 8447: 7958: 7844: 7709:"Blackburn Responds to Offensive Comments by Chinese State Media" 7266:"One million Muslim Uighurs held in secret China camps: UN panel" 6510: 6254: 3964:, which is a genocidal act under article II of the convention. A 3932: 3924: 3524: 3472: 3436: 3269: 3162: 3155: 3074: 3003: 2991: 2956: 2853: 2813: 2770: 2599: 2576: 544: 440: 420: 393: 368: 291: 12750:[Inter-sample methodology I: introduction and summary]. 12399:
The History and Sociology of Genocide: Analyses and Case Studies
12277:
International panel of eminent personalities (21 January 2004).
12270: 12223: 11498:
Thinking about... – Opening the future by understanding the past
11401:"Russia's vision for renaming Ukraine includes executing rebels" 10794:"Report: Saudi Arabia used U.S.-supplied cluster bombs in Yemen" 10331:"European Commission steps up humanitarian aid for Yemen crisis" 10316:"European Commission steps up humanitarian aid for Yemen crisis" 10232:"When will America stop participating in Yemen's genocidal war?" 9579:"Boma deputy governor says gunmen from Jonglei captured Kotchar" 7582:"Fear and oppression in Xinjiang: China's war on Uighur culture" 7335:"Trump signs bill pressuring China over Uighur Muslim crackdown" 6912:"Pygmies struggle to survive in war zone where abuse is routine" 5869: 3916:
cited it as an example to illustrate Russia's genocidal intent.
3806:
Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russo-Ukrainian War
3629:, schools, refugee camps, and public infrastructure. The entire 3154:
Rohingya refugees entering Bangladesh after being driven out of
2534:
nearly 300,000 Tamils after the war's end may have breached the
17399: 15335: 14359: 14263: 14241: 14236: 14186: 13557:. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs ( 12309: 11914:"Public Statement: Scholars Warn of Potential Genocide in Gaza" 10527: 8340:"Rohingya death toll likely above 10,000, MSF says amid exodus" 7395:"UN: Unprecedented Joint Call for China to End Xinjiang Abuses" 7281:
Welch, Dylan; Hui, Echo; Hutcheon, Stephen (24 November 2019).
7168:"Norway's youth parties call for end to China free trade talks" 6796: 5256:"Sri Lankan army commanders 'assassinated surrendering Tamils'" 5080: 4838:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
4549: 4477: 4235:
report prepared by a panel headed by former Botswana president
4109: 3936: 3928: 3920: 3550: 3516: 3464: 2821: 2592: 2568: 2519: 1529: 529: 425: 403: 398: 348: 13413:
Kopel, Dave; Gallant, Paul; Eisen, Joanne D. (11 April 2003).
13218:"Circassians demand Russian apology for 19th century genocide" 13127:
The Imperialist Imagination: German Colonialism and Its Legacy
12431:
The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective
11281:(2022). "Ukraine, Russia, and Genocide of Minor Differences". 11060:"Update: Genocide emergency alert on Ethiopia – November 2020" 10715:"UN: Most Attacks on Yemen Civilians From Saudi-Led Coalition" 10206:"Saudi aggression in Yemen: Our exports support Arab genocide" 10006:"ISIS Death Toll: 18,800 Killed in Iraq in 2 Years, U.N. Says" 9549:"Gunmen attack on Boma villages displaced residents: Official" 8434: 8253:"Internment Camps in Xinjiang's Aksu Separated by Crematorium" 7876: 6604:"Russian Federation: What justice for Chechnya's disappeared?" 4039:, and among legal experts such as former ICC chief prosecutor 2476:
filed a case in Norwegian courts against Sri Lankan President
2394:
War crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War
2371:'s original conception, and it was originally promoted by the 16964: 16622: 15345: 14191: 13558: 13124:
Friedrichsmeyer, Sara; Lennox, Sara; Zantop, Susanne (1998).
11974:"Israeli Historian: This Is Exactly What Genocide Looks Like" 8838:"Permanent Peoples Tribunal finds Myanmar guilty of genocide" 8303:"Muslim groups sue Myanmar president for Rohingya 'genocide'" 8133:"China cuts Uighur births with IUDs, abortion, sterilization" 7807:"Woman describes torture, beatings in Chinese detention camp" 4175: 4149: 3891: 3633:
was declared a military target by the coalition in May 2015;
3581: 3520: 3484: 3330: 3070: 3065:. Chinese government statistics show that from 2015 to 2018, 2964: 2923:
Incorporation of Xinjiang into the People's Republic of China
2774: 2322: 1539: 353: 13891:"An African Cuba? Britain and the Zanzibar Revolution, 1964" 13268:
Unhappy the Land: The Most Oppressed People Ever, the Irish?
9519:"SSDM-Cobra Faction dissolved, merged with Cirillo's rebels" 9147:"Jieng Council of Elders caused "coup" in SPLM-IO: official" 8670:"Tillerson: Myanmar clearly 'ethnic cleansing' the Rohingya" 7300:"Los exiliados uigures en TurquΓ­a temen la larga mano china" 3165:'s government has been accused of crimes against the Muslim 16062: 15957: 15786: 13774:
Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900
13123: 12149:"Screaming, Silence, and Mass Violence in Israel/Palestine" 10691:"Yemen: Health facilities under attack – MSF wants answers" 9608:
Abramowitz, Michael; Woocher, Lawrence (26 February 2010).
9459:"South Sudan experiencing ethnic cleansing, UN report says" 8742: 7302:[Uighur exiles in TΓΌrkiye fear China's long hand]. 6189: 6118: 2314: 2173: 2002: 12746:
AsociaciΓ³n Americana para el Avance de la Ciencia (1999).
11699:"CSI calls for Evacuation of Armenians Trapped in Artsakh" 11321:(2022). "Ukraine and the politics of political violence". 10497: 9875:"ISIS Tortured Kurdish Children Captured in Kobani: Group" 8539:"Rohingya Were Raped Systematically by Myanmar's Military" 4081:
Allegations of genocide in the 2023 Hamas attack on Israel
3350: 2894: 17901:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
13015:(2008). "Genocide in Tasmania". In Moses, A. Dirk (ed.). 12600:"Quantifying Genocide: What Are We Really Counting (On)?" 11006:"Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Warnings of genocide and famine" 10798: 10761: 10738: 10592:"The UN's Timid Responses to War Crimes Against Children" 10043: 9702:"ISIL, beheadings and the success of horrifying violence" 8674: 8626: 8200: 7770:"Committee News Release – October 21, 2020 – SDIR (43–2)" 7079:"Omar al-Bashir: Sudan agrees ex-president must face ICC" 6287: 5738: 5677: 5614: 5056: 3321:
there were ethnic undertones to the conflict between the
3181:
On 25 August 2017, the Myanmar military forces and local
3027: 2317:, and has been referred to as the "crime of crimes". The 13966:] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia. 13675:
China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia
6152:"Blasts Targeting Christians Kill Hundreds in Sri Lanka" 6148: 2487:
also made accusations of genocide. In 2008 and 2009 the
12839:
ComisiΓ³n para el Esclarecimiento HistΓ³rico: AgudizaciΓ³n
12558:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 11195:
Chothia, Farouk; Bekit, Teklemariam (19 October 2022).
11082: 10458: 10341: 8973:(Report) (Advance Unedited Version: English ed.). 7518:"'Cultural genocide' for repressed minority of Uighurs" 7460:
Rajagopalan, Megha; Killing, Alison (3 December 2020).
7059: 6825:"'Silent slaughter' – 2 decades of genocide in Nigeria" 6443:"Failure of NTJ's second spate of orchestrated attacks" 5092: 4000:
Armenians in Washington held a protest in front of the
29:
Genocides in history (World War I through World War II)
10423:"Battle rages in Yemen's vital port as showdown looms" 10349:"Yemen crisis: How bad is the humanitarian situation?" 10290: 9767: 9765: 9489:"Hatred spills beyond South Sudan along with refugees" 8720:"Burma: New Satellite Images Confirm Mass Destruction" 8622:"UN official convinced of Myanmar Rohingya 'genocide'" 7206:"Uighurs: 'Credible case' China carrying out genocide" 5225:"Tamil Genocide in Sri Lanka, Clearly 90% are Hindus…" 5104: 4590:
began, this change was the result of Lemkin's turn to
3622:
by the fighting, and 1 million more fled the country.
2866:
Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
18012:
International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine
16551:
Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction
13964:
Ethnic Chinese in Indonesia: A Collection of Writings
11463:
Reuter, Benjamin; Stolz, Christopher (4 April 2022).
10932:'αŠα‰ αˆ­α‰² αˆ“α‹α‹œαŠ• αŒα‹³α‹«α‰΅ αŠ΅αŠ“α‰΅ α‰΅αŒαˆ«α‹­ α‰₯αŒ…αˆαˆ‹ ይቐα‰₯αˆ­αˆ‰ αŠ£αˆˆα‹'ፀα‰₯ፃα‰₯ αˆ„α‹˜αˆ­ αˆžαˆ­α‹ΆαŠ­ 10308: 7744:
International Consortium of Investigative Journalists
7647:"China's crime against Uyghurs is a form of genocide" 6538:"War Crimes In Chechnya and the Response of the West" 5928:"Sri Lankan camps breach convention against genocide" 5254:
Spillius, Alex; Stoakes, Emanuel (18 December 2011).
4219:
had been analysed in depth and they also stated that
3467:. There have been many reports of the group's use of 17980:
International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur
13611:
Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity
12748:"MetodologΓ­a intermuestra I: introducciΓ³n y resumen" 10828:"Saudi-Led Group Said to Use Cluster Bombs in Yemen" 9312:"South Sudan: ethnic targeting, widespread killings" 9244: 9242: 8467: 8443:"Massacre in Myanmar: One grave for 10 Rohingya men" 6849:"ICON Launches New Report Proving Nigerian Genocide" 5734:"Summon Mahinda to international court- Jayalalitha" 4303: 3402:, declared the violence in South Sudan as genocide. 2468:.) Various diaspora activists formed a group called 12321:"Group warns UN over imminent genocide in Ethiopia" 11219: 9762: 8749:Watts, Joe; Mortimer, Caroline (13 November 2017). 7683:
United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
7024:"Africa: Pygmy rights and continued discrimination" 4887:
Genocide in International Law: The Crimes of Crimes
4686:"Red Flag Alert for Genocide – Azerbaijan Update 4" 4660:"Genocide Warning: Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh" 3333:
ethnic group. A Dinka lobbying group known as the "
3329:, which has been accused of being dominated by the 2890:
Religion in China Β§ People's Republic of China
2760: 2579:, were targeted in a series of coordinated Islamic 2575:and three luxury hotels in the commercial capital, 2339:The debate continues over what legally constitutes 13619: 13576: 13551:Genocide in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh 13339: 12556:Genocide in International Law: The Crime of Crimes 11918:Third World Approaches to International Law Review 11651: 11649: 11166: 10826: 10791: 10472:from the original on 24 November 2015 – via 10322:from the original on 17 December 2015 – via 9804: 9362:"South Sudan, the state that fell apart in a week" 8829: 8440: 7459: 6369: 6082:"Sri Lanka intel chief sacked over Easter attacks" 5523:"War Crimes, Genocide Case Filed in Norway Courts" 5376:"US calls for 'accountability' in Sri Lanka's war" 5068: 4928:(2022). Graziosi, Andrea; Sysyn, Frank E. (eds.). 4020:was at risk of genocide, while others stated that 3424:Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory 3034:experts, academics, government officials, and the 2606:and Colombo; the hotels that were bombed were the 2439:) of carrying out a genocide against the minority 2359:of 1948, and in particular they have written that 15921:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 13930:American Holocaust: The Conquest of the New World 13412: 13075:Ireland: Historical Echoes, Contemporary Politics 12232: 11622:"Genocide Alert:Artsakh surrenders to Azerbaijan" 11030: 10659:"Saudi Coalition/US: Curb Civilian Harm in Yemen" 9806:"Iraq's Christian Minority Feels Militant Threat" 9607: 9239: 8787:"Efforts To Address Burma's Rakhine State Crisis" 8068:"China 'using birth control' to suppress Uighurs" 6142: 6074: 5896:"Dublin tribunal takes up genocide investigation" 5584:"Parties condemn "genocide of Sri Lankan Tamils"" 4185: 3894:article which was written by Timofey Sergeytsev, 3281:United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 3026:, while some governments, activists, independent 3010:. Critics of the policy have described it as the 2730: 2137:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 18062: 17869:International Military Tribunal for the Far East 17615: 13985:Conceptual and historical dimensions of genocide 13896:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 13071: 12525:Genocide and Human Rights: A Philosophical Guide 12420: 10908:"Yemen: Attack on Refugee Boat Likely War Crime" 9836: 9834: 9610:"How Genocide Became a National Security Threat" 9354: 9250:"Who's behind South Sudan's return to fighting?" 8415:Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights 7280: 7165: 6376:Burke, Jason; Parkin, Benjamin (21 April 2019). 6281:Pokharel, Sugam; McKirdy, Euan (21 April 2019). 5086: 3327:Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition 3126:International reactions to the Rohingya genocide 2629:referred to the bombings as an act of genocide. 16809:German atrocities committed against Soviet POWs 15581:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 14077:(1964). "The Great Hunger: Ireland 1845–1849". 13824: 13732:International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs 13648: 13613:. Macmillan Library Reference. pp. 176–77. 13575:Niewyk, Donald L.; Nicosia, Francis R. (2000). 13415:"A Moriori Lesson: a brief history of pacifism" 13072:Finnegan, Richard B.; McCarron, Edward (2000). 11842:New Directions in the Sociology of Human Rights 11646: 11590:"Russia's War in Ukraine Could Become Genocide" 10818: 9208: 9206: 9204: 8925: 8901:"270,000 Rohingya Have Fled Myanmar, U.N. Says" 8862: 8797: 8775: 8500: 7877:Congressional Research Service (18 June 2019). 6743:) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 6339: 6280: 6248:Sirilal, Ranga; Aneez, Shihar (21 April 2019). 5253: 4740:"Difficult Road Ahead for Karabakh and Armenia" 3405: 2994:and they are currently being held in secretive 1781:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 15063:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 13678:. Cambridge, MA; London: The Belknap Press of 12784:. Vol. III: The Perspective of the World. 12720:Genocide: Conceptual and Historical Dimensions 12395: 11482: 10851: 10792:Brumfield, Ben; Shelbayah, Slma (3 May 2015). 10675:"Yemen: Factory Airstrike Killed 31 Civilians" 10443: 9280:"Mass Graves, Rape Cannibalism in South Sudan" 8165:"Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) – China" 8028: 7166:Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany (10 February 2021). 6721:. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014 5960:"Tamil Province charges Colombo with genocide" 5062: 4992: 4037:International Association of Genocide Scholars 3613:which has infected hundreds of thousands. The 1257:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 17102:Massacres of Hutus during the First Congo War 16078: 14126: 14073: 13980: 13960:Etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia: Kumpulan Tulisan 13795: 13574: 13367:This Great Calamity: The Irish Famine 1845–52 10924: 10563: 10394: 9907:"Islamic State group 'executes 700' in Syria" 9831: 9343:Sudan troops go 'door to door' in seized town 9177:"South Sudan must not be allowed to collapse" 8748: 8127: 8125: 6307: 6274: 5700:"Help stop genocide, Karunanidhi tells Sonia" 4931:Genocide: The Power and Problems of a Concept 3992:Republic of Armenia v. Republic of Azerbaijan 3810:War crimes in the Russian invasion of Ukraine 2986:, has pursued policies which have led to the 2859: 2262: 252: 13649:Olusoga, David; Erichsen, Casper W. (2010). 12716: 12059: 12004:"Gaza 2023: Words Matter, Lives Matter More" 11194: 10881: 10188:. World Peace Foundation, Tufts University. 9695: 9693: 9201: 6703: 6467: 6247: 4089:South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention) 2838:International Criminal Court (ICC) to indict 2790:, rebel forces ran an operation code-named " 17988:International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh 17728:Post–World War II Romanian war crime trials 15279:List of people killed for being transgender 14013: 13696: 13608: 12865: 12630: 12117:(3 January 2024). "Inescapably Genocidal". 11827: 11462: 10930:Voice of America – Tigrinya, 11 June 2021: 9601: 9386: 8508:"Rohingya women gang-raped by Myanmar army" 6903: 6711: 6641:Pakistan Institute of International Affairs 6375: 5098: 4424:Genocide of Christians by the Islamic State 3949:New Lines Institute for Strategy and Policy 3864:deportation of Ukrainian children to Russia 3463:to live according to its interpretation of 3412:Genocide of Christians by the Islamic State 2745:Since the turn of the 21st century, 62,000 1473:List of people killed for being transgender 17935:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 16085: 16071: 14133: 14119: 13738: 13570:. Boulder, Col.: Lynne Rienner Publishers. 13152: 12789: 12772:. London: Sampson Low, Son, & Marston. 11132:Ross, Eric; Hill, Nat (20 November 2021). 10882:Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (19 September 2016). 10589: 9970: 9796: 9771: 9626: 8331: 8157: 8122: 7946: 7354: 6024:"Sri Lanka 'counting civilian war deaths'" 5431:Taylor, Lesley Ciarula (31 January 2009). 5396: 4597: 4248:about Rwanda to intervene appropriately." 3584:after Saudi-led airstrikes in October 2015 2915:Islamization and Turkification of Xinjiang 2343:. One definition is any conflict that the 2328: 2269: 2255: 259: 245: 64: 16558:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars 13232: 12484: 12162: 12078: 11478:on 5 April 2022 – via Tagesspiegel. 11375: 11254: 10063: 9866: 9802: 9731: 9729: 9690: 9395:"South Sudan sees 'mass ethnic killings'" 8781: 8536: 8530: 7913: 7762: 7731: 7701: 7671: 7630: 7387: 6822: 5399:"Britain and the slaughter of the Tamils" 4868: 4737: 4636:International Federation for Human Rights 4459:Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State 3919:National parliaments, including those of 3416:Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State 25:Genocides in history (before World War I) 14390:Social determinants of health in poverty 14042: 13923: 13538: 13467:"Empires, Native Peoples, and Genocides" 13011: 12673: 12354: 12319:Mustapha, Ogunsakin (26 November 2021). 12318: 11736:Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention 11665:Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention 11526: 11131: 10571:"KSA shelters 1 million Yemeni refugees" 10420: 10030: 10003: 9392: 9304: 9212: 8441:Wa Lone; Kyaw Soe Oo (8 February 2018). 8187: 7804: 7612: 7297: 7236: 7065: 6506:"Factbox: Reaction to Sri Lanka attacks" 6408: 6106: 5373: 4691:Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention 4429:Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State 4096: 4029:Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention 4024:was already carrying out such actions. 3995: 3953:Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights 3813: 3757:Institute for Peace and Security Studies 3675: 3667: 3575: 3435: 3420:Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State 3400:Department for International Development 3149: 2749:have been killed by the terrorist group 2668: 560:Social determinants of health in poverty 19:For broader coverage of this topic, see 16430:Indigenous peoples in the United States 13888: 13617: 13364: 13337: 13289: 13261: 13043: 12866:Cribb, Robert; Coppel, Charles (2009). 12776: 12762: 12553: 12452: 11587: 11355: 11317: 10363: 10359:from the original on 24 September 2015. 10183: 10097: 9000: 8835: 8789:. U.S. State Department. Archived from 8473: 8337: 7837: 7423: 6909: 6823:Haverluck, Michael F. (7 August 2020). 6058:. Daily Mirror Online. 3 October 2019. 5796: 5794: 5670: 5311: 5110: 4961:"Why Genocide is "the crime of crimes"" 4880: 4864: 4827: 4825: 4738:Gregorian, Alin K. (20 December 2022). 4277:Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present) 4227:and 31 individuals, calling themselves 3852:genocide was being committed in Ukraine 3699:upgraded its alert status for Ethiopia 3239:called it "ethnic cleansing" while the 2895:Allegations of genocide against Uyghurs 18063: 14085: 13849: 13767: 13697:Robins, Nicholas; Jones, Adam (2009). 13671: 13565: 13499: 13461: 13429: 13165: 12988: 12935: 12912: 12812: 12708:Genocides in history Β§ Further reading 12597: 12396:Chalk, Frank; Jonassohn, Kurt (1990). 11998: 11809:from the original on 23 September 2023 11797:Ocampo, Luis Moreno (11 August 2023). 11796: 11743:from the original on 21 September 2023 11711:from the original on 23 September 2023 11691: 11675:from the original on 20 September 2023 11634:from the original on 23 September 2023 11554: 11488: 11456: 11428: 11277: 11181:from the original on 22 October 2022. 11072:from the original on 12 February 2021. 10731:from the original on 24 December 2015. 10558:from the original on 15 December 2015. 10541:from the original on 15 December 2015. 10493:from the original on 24 November 2015. 10337:from the original on 17 December 2015. 10265: 10069: 10004:Jamieson, Alastair (19 January 2016). 9726: 8880:from the original on 29 September 2017 8474:Nichols, Michelle (16 November 2017). 8402: 8208:from the original on 27 September 2020 7998:from the original on 21 September 2020 7928:from the original on 26 September 2019 7737: 7360: 7347:from the original on 12 February 2021. 7200: 7198: 6910:Clayton, Jonathan (16 December 2004). 6739:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 5430: 5345:"Tamil boat people fleeing 'genocide'" 5342: 4988: 4986: 4958: 4924: 4856: 4776:from the original on 20 September 2023 4710: 4643:from the original on 23 September 2023 4608: 3755:. Peace researcher and founder of the 2927:Persecution of Muslims Β§ Xinjiang 2706:were committed during both conflicts. 17965: 17846: 17614: 17591:Mass killings under communist regimes 17116: 16879: 16574: 16235: 16115: 16066: 14114: 13825:Sheriff, Abdul; Ferguson, Ed (1991). 13215: 13100: 12954: 12572: 12372:from the original on 22 November 2021 12333:from the original on 27 November 2021 12258:from the original on 27 November 2021 12204: 12143: 12039: 11880: 11836:. 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Chennai, India. 23 December 2006. 5433:"Thousands protest Tamil 'genocide'" 5235:from the original on 27 January 2013 4860: 4822: 4148:. Supporters of this claim cite the 3984:Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians 3838:On 24 February 2022, Russian leader 3374:after visiting areas of fighting in 3209:event were arrested and imprisoned. 3081:In July 2020, German anthropologist 2812:is the systematic killing of ethnic 2665:Casualties of the Second Chechen War 2624:President of the European Parliament 2541:In 2015, Sri Lanka's Tamil majority 2302:. It is defined in Article 2 of the 1279:Capital punishment for homosexuality 565:Social determinants of mental health 17776:War crimes trials in Soviet Estonia 15205:Genital modification and mutilation 13954: 13725: 13579:The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust 13547: 13153:Glynn, Ian; Glynn, Jenifer (2004). 11775:from the original on 11 August 2023 11527:Whatcott, Elizabeth (20 May 2022). 11436:"Ukraine 'to be renamed' after war" 10075:"A Friend Flees the Horror of ISIS" 9973:"ISIS's Gruesome Muslim Death Toll" 9971:Obeidallah, Dean (7 October 2014). 9937: 9854:from the original on 2 October 2014 9750:from the original on 13 August 2014 9714:from the original on 9 October 2016 9499:from the original on 30 August 2017 9213:Leithead, Alastair (9 March 2017). 9189:from the original on 30 August 2017 8730:from the original on 6 January 2018 8422:from the original on 1 October 2018 8338:Bennett, James (14 December 2017). 8283:from the original on 6 October 2015 8118:from the original on 10 March 2021. 8048:from the original on 8 January 2021 7831: 7329:from the original on 31 March 2021. 7312:from the original on 23 March 2021. 7293:from the original on 15 April 2021. 7195: 7004:from the original on 1 January 2014 6548:from the original on 2 January 2019 5779:from the original on 12 August 2021 5747:from the original on 4 October 2018 5686:from the original on 4 October 2018 5397:Surendiran, Suren (21 April 2009). 5324:from the original on 8 January 2016 5205:from the original on 10 August 2019 4983: 4711:Rhodes, January (31 January 2023). 4338:Black genocide in the United States 4221:methods to prevent future genocides 4066: 3977: 3727:and listing affected groups as the 3680:A mass grave of civilians in Tigray 3323:South Sudan People's Defence Forces 2685:declared its independence from the 2618:and Tropical Inn. According to the 2524:International Commission of Jurists 2483:Politicians in the Indian state of 1399:Genital modification and mutilation 33:Genocides in history (1946 to 1999) 13: 14140: 14095:. Toronto: House of Anansi Press. 12694: 12297:from the original on 15 April 2021 12279:"Rwanda: The Preventable Genocide" 11508:from the original on 11 April 2022 11165:York, Geoffrey (21 October 2022). 10590:Van Esveld, Bill (10 April 2020). 10481:"2016 Humanitarian Needs Overview" 10466:"2016 Humanitarian Needs Overview" 10369: 10304:from the original on 29 July 2015. 10244:from the original on 22 March 2022 10184:Bachman, Jeff (13 December 2018). 9883:. Associated Press. 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The term was coined in 1944 by 17966: 17847: 17117: 16880: 16575: 16236: 16044: 16035: 16034: 15684:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 15521:Law for Protection of the Nation 15421:White genocide conspiracy theory 14017:Belgium and the Congo, 1885–1980 13993:University of Pennsylvania Press 12796:University of Pennsylvania Press 12725:University of Pennsylvania Press 12717:Andreopoulos, George J. (1997). 12706:This section is an excerpt from 12701:Bibliography of Genocide studies 12198: 12174: 12045:"Is Israel committing genocide?" 11932: 11906: 11874: 11821: 11790: 11755: 11723: 11614: 11581: 11548: 11520: 11398: 11392: 11349: 11311: 11271: 11213: 11158: 11076: 11052: 10943: 10900: 10875: 10845: 10841:from the original on 6 May 2015. 10785: 10648: 10616: 10583: 10437: 10414: 10300:. 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Archived from 8957: 8563: 8364: 8295: 8277:"Burma – United to End Genocide" 8269: 8245: 8220: 8092: 7940: 7907: 7424:McNeill, Sophie (14 July 2019). 7317:Child, David (27 January 2021). 6713:Gesellschaft fΓΌr bedrohte VΓΆlker 6455:from the original on 3 July 2019 6390:from the original on 15 May 2019 5802:"People's Tribunal on Sri Lanka" 5471:from the original on 8 June 2021 5229:Struggle for Hindu Existence.org 4959:Rugira, Lonzen (20 April 2022). 4794: 4619: 4350:racism against African Americans 4344:have been subjected to genocide 4306: 4296:This section is an excerpt from 4254:National Human Rights Commission 4233:Rwanda: The Preventable Genocide 3765:Ethiopian National Defense Force 3234:United States Secretary of State 3176:inhuman, and degrading treatment 3069:in the mostly Uyghur regions of 2761:Democratic Republic of the Congo 2420:United Nation's Panel of Experts 2319:Political Instability Task Force 1892:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 1721:Law for Protection of the Nation 1615:White genocide conspiracy theory 290: 16389:Indigenous peoples in Australia 16116: 15526:MSM blood donation restrictions 15274:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 13222:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 12847:Guatemala: Memoria del Silencio 12813:Clarke, Michael Edmund (2004). 11768:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 10916:. 26 March 2017. 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Archived from 6816: 6784: 6752: 6696: 6659: 6632: 6596: 6560: 6530: 6498: 6402: 6357:from the original on 5 May 2019 6327:from the original on 4 May 2019 6241: 6209: 6177: 6048: 6016: 5984: 5952: 5920: 5888: 5862: 5830: 5759: 5726: 5637: 5610:"CPI to protest Lanka violence" 5575: 5515: 5485: 5423: 5390: 5367: 5343:Allard, Tom (15 October 2009). 5336: 5280: 5247: 5217: 5179: 5116: 5028:Kakar, Mohammed Hassan (1995). 4936:McGill-Queen's University Press 4567: 4298:Genocides in history Β§ See also 4077:Palestinian genocide accusation 3900:, was published by the Russian 3459:compels people who live in the 3452:was perpetrated by ISIL in 2015 2901:Persecution of Uyghurs in China 2679:dissolution of the Soviet Union 1726:MSM blood donation restrictions 1468:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 16:Overview of genocides from 2000 17305:Genocide of indigenous peoples 16904:Indigenous peoples in Paraguay 16205:Mongols in the Delhi Sultanate 15539:(as religious or racial quota) 13796:Sarkin-Hughes, Jeremy (2008). 13391:Moriori: A People Rediscovered 13338:——— (2007). 13155:The Life and Death of Smallpox 12097:. 28 June 2024. Archived from 11588:Ibrahim, Azeem (27 May 2022). 11555:Borger, Julian (27 May 2022). 11134:"Genocide Emergency: Ethiopia" 10962:. 16 June 2021. Archived from 7991:. Bar Human Rights Committee. 7886:Congressional Research Service 5673:"Send telegrams to Delhi – CM" 5161:. 4 April 2012. Archived from 5036:University of California Press 5021: 4952: 4918: 4874: 4850: 4538: 4225:non-governmental organizations 4186:Prevention of future genocides 4061:International Court of Justice 4006:Azerbaijan's attack on Artsakh 3886:users and state media pundits 3309:Ethnic violence in South Sudan 3302: 3114:Freedom of religion in Myanmar 2943:Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act 2731:Boko Haram and Fulani herdsman 2716:Society for Threatened Peoples 2563:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings 1739:(as religious or racial quota) 1: 18020:Ukraine v. Russian Federation 16324:Jews in the Cossack Hetmanate 15953:Second-generation gender bias 15669:Constitutional colorblindness 14385:Social determinants of health 13174:C. Hurst & Co. Publishers 13101:Frank, Matthew James (2008). 12164:10.1080/14623528.2024.2309709 12129:10.1080/14623528.2023.2300555 12080:10.1080/14623528.2024.2325804 12021:10.1080/14623528.2024.2301866 11377:10.1080/14623528.2022.2074020 11297:10.1080/14623528.2022.2082911 11014:. 28 May 2021. Archived from 10511:. 1 July 2015. Archived from 9736:Bulos, Nabih (20 June 2014). 8836:Bernama (22 September 2017). 7051:. Beni, Congo. Archived from 5296:. 12 May 2009. Archived from 4815: 4802:Organisation of African Unity 4744:The Armenian Mirror-Spectator 4419:Genocide recognition politics 4267:called for the prevention of 4241:Organisation of African Unity 4057:openly Armenophobic practices 3291:)β€”should face charges in the 3197:, and other sexual violence. 2971:, under the direction of the 2169:Second-generation gender bias 1877:Constitutional colorblindness 555:Social determinants of health 17951:Croatia–Serbia genocide case 17752:Nuremberg Military Tribunals 17598:Anti-communist mass killings 16332:Indigenous peoples in Canada 16268:Indigenous peoples in Brazil 16092: 14046:Journal of Genocide Research 13828:Zanzibar under colonial rule 13216:Goble, Paul (15 July 2005). 13132:University of Michigan Press 12962:. In Crowe, David M. (ed.). 12873:Journal of Genocide Research 12754:(in Spanish). Archived from 12634:Journal of Genocide Research 12554:Schabas, William A. 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March 2008. p. 16. 5063:Chalk & Jonassohn 1990 4895:Cambridge University Press 4295: 4158:blockade of the Gaza Strip 4154:Sabra and Shatila massacre 4070: 4053:Aliyev's public statements 3981: 3799: 3795: 3653: 3643:white phosphorus munitions 3569: 3409: 3306: 3107: 3101: 3097: 3002:(the majority of them are 2965:People's Republic of China 2951:has committed a series of 2904: 2898: 2863: 2860:People's Republic of China 2801: 2734: 2725: 2654: 2636: 2620:State Intelligence Service 2571:Sunday, three churches in 2560: 2406:was accused of committing 2387: 2332: 2189:Social model of disability 610:Discrimination against men 18: 17974: 17855: 17768:Ulm Einsatzkommando trial 17736:Supreme National Tribunal 17626: 17607: 17517: 17439: 17342: 17220: 17127: 16890: 16585: 16347:Residential school system 16246: 16126: 16100: 16030: 15769: 15646: 15439: 15326:Opposition to immigration 15050: 14690: 14532: 14292: 14242:Race / Ethnicity 14179: 14148: 14014:Vanthemsche, Guy (2012). 13909:10.1080/03086530701337666 13672:Perdue, Peter C. 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Oxford and New York: 13107:Oxford University Press 12537:10.1057/9780230554832_1 9812:The Wall Street Journal 9346:, Yahoo, archived from 5497:Tamils Against Genocide 5005:Oxford University Press 4897:. pp. 9, 92, 227. 4359:Crimes against humanity 4211:and crimes such as the 3769:Eritrean Defence Forces 3705:ninth stage of genocide 3600:in the already ongoing 3335:Jieng Council of Elders 3297:crimes against humanity 3118:Human rights in Myanmar 2973:Chinese Communist Party 2842:crimes against humanity 2470:Tamils Against Genocide 2441:Sri Lankan Tamil people 2329:Definitions of genocide 2065:Internalized oppression 1919:Fighting Discrimination 1909:Fat acceptance movement 1867:Anti-discrimination law 1493:Native American mascots 18028:South Africa v. Israel 17996:Rohingya genocide case 17533:Names of the Holocaust 16997:Chittagong Hill Tracts 16705:Kinder der Landstrasse 16591:Late Ottoman genocides 15968:Social identity threat 15941:Reverse discrimination 15931:Racial color blindness 15411:Violence against women 15391:Sex-selective abortion 14059:10.1080/14623520305651 13777:. LIT Verlag MΓΌnster. 13419:National Review Online 13388:King, Michael (2000). 13303:Critical Asian Studies 12521:"The Evil in Genocide" 11100:World Peace Foundation 6704: 4993:Anderton, Charles H.; 4323:Accusation in a mirror 4106: 4009: 3846:. Following months of 3835: 3786:ten stages of genocide 3681: 3673: 3585: 3461:areas that it controls 3453: 3432:Iraqi Turkmen genocide 3185:started attacking the 3159: 3110:Rohingya genocide case 3018:and have called it an 2674: 2431:which is dominated by 2184:Social identity threat 2157:Reverse discrimination 2147:Racial color blindness 1605:Violence against women 1585:Sex-selective abortion 17893:Bosnian genocide case 17547:Holocaust terminology 17190:Christians under ISIS 16928:1966 anti-Igbo pogrom 16357:1740 Batavia massacre 16181:Harrying of the North 15936:Religious intolerance 15896:Political correctness 15726:Intersex human rights 15674:Cultural assimilation 15356:Religious persecution 15120:Disability hate crime 14905:Jewish / Antisemitism 13889:Speller, Ian (2007). 13348:Yale University Press 12678:. Algora Publishing. 12573:Staub, Ervin (1989). 12404:Yale University Press 11924:on 17 November 2023. 11890:Bloomsbury Publishing 11854:10.4324/9781315539942 11707:. 21 September 2023. 11668:. 19 September 2023. 11630:. 21 September 2023. 11356:Gardner, Ian (2022). 10920:on 13 September 2024. 8876:. 23 September 2017. 8813:. 20 September 2017. 8651:Amnesty International 7590:. 12 September 2019. 6899:on 13 September 2024. 6702:Sarah Reinke (2005). 6611:Amnesty International 6575:Amnesty International 5619:. 29 September 2008. 5125:"Recurring Nightmare" 4938:. pp. 223, 240. 4668:. 23 September 2022. 4493:Religious persecution 4483:Religious intolerance 4409:Far-right subcultures 4263:On 20 November 2021, 4252:, former head of the 4180:2023 Israel–Hamas war 4142:the proposal to annex 4100: 3999: 3912:. American historian 3817: 3679: 3671: 3579: 3540:(60 Yazidis killed), 3439: 3153: 3108:Further information: 2981:CCP general secretary 2911:Islamophobia in China 2878:Penal system in China 2874:Human rights in China 2737:Boko Haram insurgency 2735:Further information: 2708:Amnesty International 2672: 2587:and a guest house in 2480:and other officials. 2429:Sri Lankan government 2373:World Jewish Congress 2152:Religious intolerance 2112:Political correctness 1934:Intersex human rights 1882:Cultural assimilation 1550:Religious persecution 1314:Disability hate crime 1091:Jewish / Antisemitism 18044:Nicaragua v. Germany 17943:Khmer Rouge Tribunal 17319:Utilitarian genocide 17298:Transgender genocide 16665:Osage Indian murders 16365:Great Gypsy Round-up 15341:Political repression 14345:Anti-left handedness 14335:Anti-intellectualism 14075:Woodham-Smith, Cecil 13481:. pp. 183–204. 13371:Gill & Macmillan 13273:Irish Academic Press 13241:Taylor & Francis 12966:. London; New York: 12929:10.1093/afraf/adl005 12882:Taylor & Francis 12798:. pp. 132–157. 12519:Lang, Berel (2005). 12504:10.1162/JCWS_a_00250 12358:(21 November 2021). 12244:(26 November 2021). 10856:(19 December 2016). 10727:. 22 December 2015. 10333:. 14 December 2015. 10240:. 15 November 2018. 10214:. 30 November 2018. 10186:"Genocide in Yemen?" 9495:. 15 December 2016. 9008:Reuters News Service 8979:Human Rights Council 8941:. 23 November 2017. 8913:on 29 September 2017 8793:on 20 February 2018. 8785:(22 November 2017). 8514:. 13 November 2017. 8313:Agence France-Presse 7962:. 9 September 2018. 7558:. 28 November 2019. 7526:. 17 December 2019. 7087:. 11 February 2020. 7055:on 26 December 2010. 7034:on 17 November 2008. 6544:. 29 February 2000. 6124:Agence France-Presse 6032:. 24 November 2011. 6000:. 10 February 2015. 5968:. 11 February 2015. 5038:. pp. 213–214. 4859:, pp. 625–638; 4845:on 11 December 2005. 4269:genocide in Ethiopia 4112:has been accused of 3620:internally displaced 3386:, the United States 3055:forced sterilization 2836:tribes, has led the 2720:Ukraine's parliament 2689:. Russian President 2455:Suresh Premachandran 2335:Genocide definitions 1535:Political repression 515:Anti-left handedness 505:Anti-intellectualism 141:Recognition politics 86:Genocides in history 21:Genocides in history 17430:Settler colonialism 17379:Forced assimilation 17085:Srebrenica massacre 16857:Chechens and Ingush 16615:Thracian Bulgarians 16461:Sand Creek massacre 16422:Siege of Tripolitsa 16173:Ancestral Puebloans 15844:Historical eugenics 15381:Segregation academy 15361:Religious terrorism 15150:Enemy of the people 15058:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 14572:Jehovah's Witnesses 14465:Perpetual foreigner 13742:Genocide: A History 13566:Moshin, A. (2003). 13166:Gammer, M. (2006). 12824:Griffith University 12531:UK. pp. 5–17. 12147:(26 January 2024). 12049:The New York Review 12002:(21 January 2024). 11870:on 19 October 2023. 11090:(27 January 2021). 11045:on 29 October 2022. 11018:on 1 September 2024 10966:on 25 February 2024 10937:9 July 2021 at the 10889:The Washington Post 10579:. 30 November 2015. 10087:on 13 October 2017. 9945:The Washington Post 9707:The Washington Post 9318:. 16 January 2014. 9288:. 28 October 2015. 9185:. 20 January 2017. 9094:on 2 September 2018 9041:on 6 September 2018 9015:on 5 September 2018 8988:on 5 September 2018 8726:. 17 October 2017. 8241:on 12 January 2024. 7776:. 21 October 2020. 7685:. 27 October 2020. 7632:10.3390/laws9010001 7368:The Washington Post 7214:. 8 February 2021. 6837:on 21 October 2023. 6772:on 27 November 2023 6090:. 9 December 2019. 5904:. 3 November 2012. 5846:. 17 January 2010. 5503:on 24 November 2012 5314:"TNA team in India" 5261:The Daily Telegraph 4882:Schabas, William A. 4698:on 27 February 2023 4546:Genocide Convention 4473:Population transfer 4454:Nativism (politics) 4130:anti-Palestinianism 4045:Genocide Convention 3945:Republic of Ireland 3761:Mulugeta Gebrehiwot 3713:Gawa Qanqa massacre 3711:, referring to the 3627:including hospitals 3611:outbreak of cholera 3351:fighting in 2016–17 3183:Buddhist extremists 3142:Religion in Myanmar 3047:religious practices 2953:human rights abuses 2840:several people for 2779:UN Security Council 2777:pygmies, asked the 2747:Nigerian Christians 2514:In January 2010, a 2404:Sri Lankan military 2357:Genocide Convention 2060:Historical eugenics 1575:Segregation academy 1555:Religious terrorism 1344:Enemy of the people 1252:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 750:Jehovah's Witnesses 635:Perpetual foreigner 226:Forced assimilation 17909:Slobodan MiloΕ‘eviΔ‡ 17760:Erich von Manstein 17372:Extermination camp 17133:Effacer le tableau 16896:Hyderabadi Muslims 16841:Nanshitou Massacre 16825:Muslims and Croats 16527:Hamidian massacres 16414:Al-Jawazi massacre 16404:Stolen Generations 16107:list by death toll 15756:Social integration 15751:Self-determination 15741:Racial integration 15689:Diversity training 15679:Cultural pluralism 15654:Affirmative action 15554:Racial segregation 15464:Crime of apartheid 15366:Religious violence 14869:Indigenous people 14269:Sexual orientation 13925:Stannard, David E. 13769:Rummel, Rudolph J. 13228:on 5 January 2007. 12529:Palgrave Macmillan 12454:Gerlach, Christian 12219:on 7 January 2024. 11945:(13 August 2024). 11241:(100404): 100404. 11174:The Globe and Mail 10913:Human Rights Watch 10896:on 5 January 2017. 10870:on 9 October 2022. 10834:The New York Times 10720:The New York Times 10701:on 26 October 2023 10679:Human Rights Watch 10663:Human Rights Watch 10636:on 20 January 2024 10604:on 16 October 2023 10597:Human Rights Watch 10355:. 24 August 2015. 10167:. 9 October 2018. 10143:. 9 October 2016. 9915:. 17 August 2014. 9887:on 5 November 2014 9784:on 17 October 2014 9350:on 26 January 2014 9316:Human Rights Watch 9182:The New York Times 9087:The New York Times 8906:The New York Times 8724:Human Rights Watch 8569:{{bulleted list| | 8544:The New York Times 8390:on 11 January 2018 8315:. 6 October 2015. 7879:"Uyghurs in China" 7399:Human Rights Watch 7272:. 10 August 2018. 7143:. 3 October 2020. 7041:(9 January 2003). 6871:"Silent Slaughter" 6542:Human Rights Watch 6158:The New York Times 5872:. Ptsrilanka.org. 5775:. 11 August 2012. 5386:on 8 January 2016. 5132:Human Rights Watch 4965:Pan African Review 4544:Defined under the 4503:Sectarian violence 4498:Religious violence 4468:political violence 4404:Far-right politics 4340:– the notion that 4279:. On 21 November, 4231:, referred to the 4107: 4105:, 15 November 2023 4041:Luis Moreno Ocampo 4010: 3836: 3695:In November 2020, 3682: 3674: 3635:Human Rights Watch 3586: 3454: 3160: 2969:Chinese government 2967:. Since 2014, the 2949:Chinese government 2792:Effacer le tableau 2700:Second Chechen War 2687:Russian Federation 2675: 2661:Second Chechen War 2567:On 21 April 2019, 2437:Theravada Buddhism 2410:violations during 1964:Social integration 1959:Self-determination 1949:Racial integration 1897:Diversity training 1887:Cultural pluralism 1862:Affirmative action 1754:Racial segregation 1664:Crime of apartheid 1560:Religious violence 1055:Indigenous people 431:Sexual orientation 18058: 18057: 18054: 18053: 17961: 17960: 17842: 17841: 17688:Euthanasia trials 17608:Legal proceedings 17351:Cultural genocide 17277:Cultural genocide 17216: 17215: 17149:Masalit massacres 17112: 17111: 17013:Sri Lankan Tamils 16920:Arabs in Zanzibar 16875: 16874: 16793:Three Alls policy 16570: 16569: 16503:Putumayo genocide 16231: 16230: 16058: 16057: 15926:Racism by country 15854:Intersectionality 15839:Heteronormativity 15638:Voter suppression 15386:Sexual harassment 15185:Forced conversion 15105:Cultural genocide 14768:African Americans 14582:post–Cold War era 14567:Eastern Orthodoxy 14330:Anti-drug addicts 14325:Anti-homelessness 14252:Scientific racism 14102:978-0-88784-706-6 13973:978-979-461-689-5 13944:978-0-19-508557-0 13853:The Polish Review 13838:978-0-8214-0996-1 13813:978-0-313-36257-6 13784:978-3-8258-4010-5 13756:978-0-582-50601-5 13747:Pearson Education 13714:978-0-253-22077-6 13689:978-0-674-01684-2 13641:978-0-691-07015-5 13488:978-1-84545-452-4 13450:978-1-84511-057-4 13425:on 11 April 2003. 13401:978-0-14-010391-5 13380:978-1-57098-034-3 13357:978-0-300-10098-3 13346:. New Haven, CT: 13333:on 16 March 2003. 13250:978-0-203-35643-2 13183:978-1-85065-748-4 13141:978-0-472-06682-7 13116:978-0-19-923364-9 13089:978-0-8133-3247-5 13064:978-0-06-098403-8 13032:978-1-84545-452-4 12833:on 10 April 2008. 12786:(in French 1979). 12734:978-0-8122-1616-5 12685:978-0-87586-915-5 12590:978-0-521-42214-7 12579:. Cambridge, UK: 12565:978-0-521-71900-1 12546:978-0-230-55483-2 12473:978-1-139-49351-2 12445:978-0-521-52750-7 12422:Gellately, Robert 12413:978-0-300-04446-1 12194:on 3 August 2024. 11959:on 14 August 2024 11899:978-1-84813-546-8 11863:978-1-315-53994-2 11771:. 9 August 2023. 11279:Etkind, Alexander 10328:Original source: 10073:(6 August 2014). 9743:Los Angeles Times 9674:. 12 April 2017. 9435:. 14 March 2017. 9254:African arguments 9123:. 4 August 2016. 9067:on 29 August 2018 8843:New Straits Times 8783:Tillerson, Rex W. 8602:Los Angeles Times 8114:. 10 March 2021. 6859:on 16 March 2024. 6474:Tajani, Antonio. 6353:. 21 April 2019. 6323:. 21 April 2019. 6225:. 21 April 2019. 6193:. 22 April 2019. 5818:on 8 January 2016 5528:The Sunday Leader 5231:. 16 March 2012. 5198:. 31 March 2011. 5045:978-0-5209-1914-3 5014:978-0-19-937829-6 4945:978-0-2280-0951-1 4804:later became the 4772:. 28 April 2023. 4444:List of genocides 4399:Far-left politics 4342:African Americans 4008:in September 2023 3958:forcible transfer 3914:Timothy D. Snyder 3910:national identity 3856:Siege of Mariupol 3639:Cluster munitions 3631:Saada Governorate 3615:blockade of Yemen 3146:Rohingya conflict 3104:Rohingya genocide 3038:have called it a 3024:cultural genocide 2975:(CCP) during the 2931:Xinjiang conflict 2696:First Chechen War 2657:First Chechen War 2497:Indian government 2443:, who are mostly 2290:destruction of a 2279: 2278: 2142:Racism by country 2070:Intersectionality 2055:Heteronormativity 1838:Voter suppression 1580:Sexual harassment 1379:Forced conversion 1299:Cultural genocide 954:African Americans 760:post–Cold War era 745:Eastern Orthodoxy 500:Anti-drug addicts 495:Anti-homelessness 414:Scientific racism 269: 268: 81:List of genocides 18083: 18047: 18039: 18031: 18023: 18015: 18007: 17999: 17991: 17983: 17969: 17963: 17962: 17954: 17946: 17938: 17928: 17920: 17917:Radovan KaradΕΎiΔ‡ 17912: 17904: 17896: 17888: 17880: 17877:Belgrade Process 17872: 17864: 17850: 17844: 17843: 17835: 17827: 17819: 17811: 17808:Treblinka trials 17803: 17795: 17787: 17779: 17771: 17763: 17755: 17747: 17739: 17731: 17723: 17715: 17707: 17699: 17691: 17683: 17675: 17667: 17659: 17651: 17648:Γ‰puration lΓ©gale 17643: 17635: 17621: 17618:Holocaust trials 17612: 17611: 17600: 17593: 17586: 17579: 17572: 17565: 17558: 17549: 17542: 17535: 17528: 17510: 17503: 17496: 17489: 17482: 17475: 17468: 17459: 17452: 17432: 17425: 17418: 17411: 17402: 17395: 17388: 17381: 17374: 17367: 17365:Ethnic cleansing 17360: 17353: 17335: 17328: 17321: 17314: 17307: 17300: 17293: 17286: 17279: 17272: 17261: 17254: 17247: 17238: 17231: 17209: 17201: 17193: 17185: 17182:Shias under ISIS 17177: 17169: 17161: 17151: 17144: 17136: 17122: 17114: 17113: 17105: 17097: 17087: 17080: 17072: 17064: 17056: 17048: 17040: 17032: 17024: 17016: 17008: 17000: 16992: 16984: 16974: 16967: 16960: 16955: 16947: 16939: 16931: 16923: 16915: 16907: 16899: 16885: 16877: 16876: 16868: 16860: 16852: 16844: 16836: 16828: 16820: 16817:Serbs in Croatia 16812: 16804: 16796: 16788: 16780: 16777:Nanjing Massacre 16772: 16769:Parsley massacre 16764: 16761:Polish Operation 16756: 16753:Romani Holocaust 16748: 16740: 16732: 16724: 16716: 16708: 16700: 16697:NapalpΓ­ massacre 16692: 16684: 16676: 16668: 16660: 16650: 16642: 16634: 16626: 16618: 16608: 16601: 16593: 16580: 16572: 16571: 16561: 16553: 16546: 16538: 16530: 16522: 16514: 16506: 16498: 16490: 16482: 16474: 16464: 16456: 16448: 16440: 16432: 16425: 16417: 16407: 16399: 16391: 16384: 16376: 16368: 16360: 16350: 16342: 16334: 16327: 16319: 16311: 16303: 16295: 16287: 16279: 16271: 16263: 16255: 16241: 16233: 16232: 16224: 16216: 16208: 16200: 16192: 16189:Mongol conquests 16184: 16176: 16168: 16158: 16151: 16143: 16135: 16121: 16113: 16112: 16087: 16080: 16073: 16064: 16063: 16048: 16047: 16038: 16037: 15978:Social privilege 15963:Social exclusion 15891:Police brutality 15812:Multiculturalism 15782:Amatonormativity 15613:Social exclusion 15449:Age of candidacy 15249:Homeless dumping 15155:Ethnic cleansing 14135: 14128: 14121: 14112: 14111: 14106: 14082: 14079:Signet: New York 14070: 14039: 14010: 14009: 14007: 14001: 13990: 13977: 13951: 13920: 13885: 13866:10.2307/27920673 13846: 13821: 13792: 13764: 13735: 13722: 13693: 13668: 13645: 13625: 13614: 13605: 13582: 13571: 13562: 13556: 13544: 13535: 13496: 13458: 13426: 13421:. Archived from 13409: 13384: 13361: 13345: 13334: 13332: 13326:. Archived from 13299: 13286: 13258: 13229: 13224:. Archived from 13212: 13209:10.1108/eb049231 13191: 13162: 13149: 13120: 13097: 13068: 13040: 13008: 12985: 12951: 12932: 12923:(422): 113–126. 12909: 12862: 12860: 12858: 12834: 12832: 12821: 12809: 12785: 12778:Braudel, Fernand 12773: 12759: 12742: 12689: 12670: 12627: 12610:(3/4): 625–638. 12594: 12569: 12550: 12515: 12481: 12449: 12417: 12382: 12381: 12379: 12377: 12352: 12343: 12342: 12340: 12338: 12316: 12307: 12306: 12304: 12302: 12296: 12283: 12274: 12268: 12267: 12265: 12263: 12238:Lapsley, Michael 12230: 12221: 12220: 12215:. Archived from 12202: 12196: 12195: 12178: 12172: 12168: 12166: 12145:ÜngΓΆr, Uğur Ümit 12140: 12110: 12108: 12106: 12084: 12082: 12056: 12055:on 17 June 2024. 12051:. Archived from 12036: 12031:. Archived from 12008: 11995: 11993: 11991: 11982:. Archived from 11968: 11966: 11964: 11955:. Archived from 11936: 11930: 11929: 11910: 11904: 11903: 11878: 11872: 11871: 11866:. Archived from 11825: 11819: 11818: 11816: 11814: 11803:justsecurity.org 11794: 11788: 11787: 11782: 11780: 11759: 11753: 11752: 11750: 11748: 11727: 11721: 11720: 11718: 11716: 11695: 11689: 11688: 11682: 11680: 11674: 11661: 11653: 11644: 11643: 11641: 11639: 11618: 11612: 11611: 11609: 11607: 11598:. Archived from 11585: 11579: 11578: 11576: 11574: 11565:. Archived from 11552: 11546: 11545: 11543: 11541: 11524: 11518: 11517: 11515: 11513: 11492:(8 April 2022). 11486: 11480: 11479: 11470:Der Tagesspiegel 11460: 11454: 11453: 11451: 11449: 11432: 11426: 11425: 11423: 11421: 11396: 11390: 11389: 11379: 11353: 11347: 11346: 11315: 11309: 11308: 11275: 11269: 11268: 11258: 11217: 11211: 11210: 11192: 11186: 11185: 11170: 11162: 11156: 11155: 11153: 11151: 11129: 11120: 11119: 11117: 11115: 11109: 11096: 11080: 11074: 11073: 11056: 11050: 11046: 11041:. Archived from 11027: 11025: 11023: 11001: 10999: 10997: 10975: 10973: 10971: 10947: 10941: 10928: 10922: 10921: 10904: 10898: 10897: 10892:. Archived from 10879: 10873: 10871: 10866:. Archived from 10849: 10843: 10842: 10830: 10822: 10816: 10815: 10813: 10811: 10802:. Archived from 10789: 10783: 10782: 10780: 10773: 10765: 10759: 10758: 10742: 10736: 10732: 10725:Associated Press 10710: 10708: 10706: 10686: 10670: 10652: 10646: 10645: 10643: 10641: 10620: 10614: 10613: 10611: 10609: 10600:. Archived from 10587: 10581: 10580: 10567: 10561: 10559: 10557: 10550: 10542: 10531: 10525: 10524: 10522: 10520: 10501: 10495: 10494: 10492: 10485: 10477: 10462: 10456: 10455: 10441: 10435: 10434: 10418: 10412: 10411: 10398: 10392: 10391: 10389: 10387: 10367: 10361: 10360: 10345: 10339: 10338: 10327: 10312: 10306: 10305: 10294: 10288: 10287: 10285: 10283: 10263: 10257: 10253: 10251: 10249: 10227: 10225: 10223: 10201: 10199: 10197: 10180: 10178: 10176: 10156: 10154: 10152: 10128: 10122: 10121: 10119: 10117: 10095: 10089: 10088: 10083:. Archived from 10067: 10061: 10060: 10058: 10056: 10051:on 7 August 2014 10047:. Archived from 10034: 10028: 10027: 10025: 10023: 10001: 9995: 9994: 9992: 9990: 9968: 9962: 9961: 9959: 9957: 9935: 9929: 9928: 9926: 9924: 9903: 9897: 9896: 9894: 9892: 9870: 9864: 9863: 9861: 9859: 9853: 9846: 9838: 9829: 9828: 9826: 9824: 9808: 9800: 9794: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9780:. Archived from 9769: 9760: 9759: 9757: 9755: 9733: 9724: 9723: 9721: 9719: 9697: 9688: 9687: 9685: 9683: 9662: 9656: 9655: 9653: 9651: 9646:on 17 March 2011 9642:. Archived from 9630: 9624: 9623: 9605: 9599: 9598: 9596: 9594: 9585:. 8 March 2017. 9575: 9569: 9568: 9566: 9564: 9555:. 8 March 2017. 9545: 9539: 9538: 9536: 9534: 9525:. 9 March 2017. 9515: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9504: 9485: 9479: 9478: 9476: 9474: 9465:. 7 March 2017. 9455: 9449: 9448: 9446: 9444: 9423: 9417: 9416: 9414: 9412: 9390: 9384: 9383: 9381: 9379: 9358: 9352: 9351: 9338: 9332: 9331: 9329: 9327: 9308: 9302: 9301: 9299: 9297: 9276: 9270: 9269: 9267: 9265: 9256:. 11 July 2016. 9246: 9237: 9236: 9234: 9232: 9210: 9199: 9198: 9196: 9194: 9173: 9167: 9166: 9164: 9162: 9153:. 24 July 2015. 9143: 9137: 9136: 9134: 9132: 9113: 9107: 9103: 9101: 9099: 9090:. Archived from 9076: 9074: 9072: 9050: 9048: 9046: 9024: 9022: 9020: 9011:. Archived from 8997: 8995: 8993: 8987: 8972: 8961: 8955: 8954: 8952: 8950: 8929: 8923: 8922: 8920: 8918: 8909:. Archived from 8896: 8890: 8889: 8887: 8885: 8866: 8860: 8859: 8857: 8855: 8833: 8827: 8826: 8824: 8822: 8801: 8795: 8794: 8779: 8773: 8772: 8770: 8768: 8746: 8740: 8739: 8737: 8735: 8716: 8714: 8712: 8691: 8689: 8687: 8666: 8664: 8662: 8643: 8641: 8639: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8593: 8591: 8589: 8567: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8534: 8528: 8527: 8525: 8523: 8504: 8498: 8497: 8495: 8493: 8471: 8465: 8464: 8462: 8460: 8438: 8432: 8431: 8429: 8427: 8406: 8400: 8399: 8397: 8395: 8389: 8383:. Archived from 8376: 8368: 8362: 8361: 8359: 8357: 8335: 8329: 8328: 8326: 8324: 8299: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8288: 8273: 8267: 8266: 8261:. Archived from 8249: 8243: 8242: 8237:. Archived from 8224: 8218: 8217: 8215: 8213: 8191: 8185: 8184: 8182: 8180: 8161: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8150: 8141:. 28 June 2020. 8138:Associated Press 8129: 8120: 8119: 8102: 8096: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8076:. 29 June 2020. 8064: 8058: 8057: 8055: 8053: 8032: 8026: 8025: 8020:. 29 June 2020. 8014: 8008: 8007: 8005: 8003: 7997: 7990: 7982: 7976: 7975: 7973: 7971: 7950: 7944: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7933: 7911: 7905: 7904: 7902: 7900: 7894: 7883: 7874: 7868: 7862: 7861: 7859: 7857: 7835: 7829: 7828: 7826: 7824: 7812:Associated Press 7802: 7796: 7790: 7789: 7787: 7785: 7766: 7760: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7735: 7729: 7728: 7726: 7724: 7713:Marsha Blackburn 7705: 7699: 7698: 7696: 7694: 7675: 7669: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7643: 7637: 7636: 7634: 7610: 7604: 7603: 7601: 7599: 7578: 7572: 7571: 7569: 7567: 7546: 7540: 7539: 7537: 7535: 7514: 7508: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7482: 7476: 7475: 7457: 7451: 7450: 7445: 7443: 7421: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7410: 7401:. 10 July 2019. 7391: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7358: 7352: 7348: 7343:. 28 June 2020. 7330: 7313: 7294: 7277: 7259: 7253: 7252: 7234: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7223: 7202: 7193: 7192: 7187: 7185: 7163: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7152: 7131: 7125: 7124: 7107: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7096: 7075: 7069: 7063: 7057: 7056: 7035: 7030:. Archived from 7020: 7014: 7013: 7011: 7009: 6988: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6958: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6932: 6926: 6925: 6920:. Archived from 6907: 6901: 6900: 6895:. Archived from 6885: 6879: 6878: 6867: 6861: 6860: 6845: 6839: 6838: 6820: 6814: 6813: 6811: 6809: 6788: 6782: 6781: 6779: 6777: 6756: 6750: 6748: 6738: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6715: 6714: 6709: 6700: 6694: 6693: 6663: 6657: 6656: 6636: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6620:on 17 March 2023 6619: 6608: 6600: 6594: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6583: 6572: 6564: 6558: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6534: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6523: 6514:. Archived from 6502: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6486:on 29 April 2019 6482:. Archived from 6471: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6406: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6373: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6343: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6311: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6278: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6267: 6245: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6213: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6202: 6181: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6154: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6135: 6110: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6067: 6052: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6020: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6009: 5988: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5956: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5924: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5913: 5892: 5886: 5885: 5883: 5881: 5866: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5834: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5823: 5817: 5811:. Archived from 5806: 5798: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5763: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5730: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5641: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5579: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5519: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5508: 5499:. Archived from 5489: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5467:. 20 June 2009. 5454: 5452: 5450: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5394: 5388: 5387: 5382:. Archived from 5371: 5365: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5340: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5300:on 25 April 2016 5293:Voice of America 5284: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5251: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5221: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5204: 5193: 5183: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5140: 5129: 5120: 5114: 5108: 5102: 5099:Weiss-Wendt 2005 5096: 5090: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5060: 5054: 5053: 5025: 5019: 5018: 4990: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4967:. Archived from 4956: 4950: 4949: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4914:on 16 June 2024. 4913: 4907:. Archived from 4893:(1st ed.). 4892: 4878: 4872: 4854: 4848: 4846: 4829: 4809: 4798: 4792: 4788: 4783: 4781: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4721:. Archived from 4707: 4705: 4703: 4694:. Archived from 4681: 4679: 4677: 4655: 4650: 4648: 4623: 4617: 4612: 4606: 4601: 4595: 4571: 4565: 4542: 4374:Ethnic cleansing 4316: 4311: 4310: 4285:African Citizens 4258:African Citizens 4245:African Citizens 4229:African Citizens 4213:Bosnian genocide 4209:Rwandan genocide 4166:Israel–Hamas war 4138:anti-Arab racism 4126:settler colonial 4116:or carrying out 4085:Second Holocaust 4067:Israel/Palestine 4049:genocidal intent 4018:Nagorno-Karabakh 3978:Nagorno-Karabakh 3872:Alexander Etkind 3868:genocidal intent 3725:Metekel massacre 3602:Yemeni Civil War 3262:Aung San Suu Kyi 3259:State Counsellor 3241:French President 3214:ethnic cleansing 3207:Inn Din massacre 3130:Islam in Myanmar 2996:internment camps 2818:ongoing conflict 2639:Chechen genocide 2526:stated that the 2505:The women's wing 2433:Sinhalese people 2296:whole or in part 2271: 2264: 2257: 2194:Social privilege 2179:Social exclusion 2107:Police brutality 2028:Multiculturalism 1998:Amatonormativity 1813:Social exclusion 1649:Age of candidacy 1443:Homeless dumping 1349:Ethnic cleansing 294: 271: 270: 261: 254: 247: 216:Ethnic cleansing 91:Effects on youth 68: 58: 42: 41: 18091: 18090: 18086: 18085: 18084: 18082: 18081: 18080: 18061: 18060: 18059: 18050: 18042: 18034: 18026: 18018: 18010: 18004:Uyghur Tribunal 18002: 17994: 17986: 17978: 17970: 17967: 17957: 17949: 17941: 17933: 17923: 17915: 17907: 17899: 17891: 17883: 17875: 17867: 17859: 17851: 17848: 17838: 17830: 17824:Fedorenko trial 17822: 17814: 17806: 17798: 17790: 17782: 17774: 17766: 17758: 17750: 17742: 17734: 17726: 17720:Stutthof trials 17718: 17710: 17702: 17696:Nuremberg trial 17694: 17686: 17678: 17670: 17662: 17656:Majdanek trials 17654: 17646: 17638: 17632:Krasnodar trial 17630: 17622: 17616: 17603: 17596: 17589: 17582: 17575: 17568: 17561: 17554: 17545: 17538: 17531: 17524: 17513: 17506: 17499: 17492: 17485: 17478: 17471: 17464: 17455: 17448: 17435: 17428: 17421: 17414: 17407: 17398: 17391: 17384: 17377: 17370: 17363: 17356: 17349: 17338: 17331: 17324: 17317: 17310: 17303: 17296: 17289: 17282: 17275: 17268: 17257: 17250: 17243: 17234: 17227: 17212: 17204: 17196: 17188: 17180: 17172: 17164: 17158:Southern Kaduna 17156: 17147: 17139: 17131: 17123: 17118: 17108: 17100: 17092: 17083: 17075: 17067: 17059: 17051: 17043: 17035: 17027: 17019: 17011: 17003: 16995: 16987: 16979: 16970: 16963: 16958: 16950: 16942: 16934: 16926: 16918: 16910: 16902: 16894: 16886: 16881: 16871: 16863: 16855: 16847: 16839: 16831: 16823: 16815: 16807: 16799: 16791: 16783: 16775: 16767: 16759: 16751: 16745:Simele massacre 16743: 16735: 16727: 16719: 16711: 16703: 16695: 16687: 16679: 16671: 16663: 16655: 16645: 16637: 16629: 16621: 16613: 16604: 16596: 16589: 16581: 16576: 16566: 16556: 16549: 16541: 16535:Herero and Nama 16533: 16525: 16517: 16509: 16501: 16493: 16485: 16477: 16469: 16459: 16451: 16443: 16435: 16428: 16420: 16412: 16402: 16394: 16387: 16379: 16371: 16363: 16355: 16345: 16337: 16330: 16322: 16314: 16306: 16298: 16290: 16282: 16274: 16266: 16258: 16250: 16242: 16237: 16227: 16219: 16211: 16203: 16195: 16187: 16179: 16171: 16163: 16154: 16146: 16140:Asiatic Vespers 16138: 16130: 16122: 16117: 16104: 16096: 16091: 16061: 16060: 16059: 16054: 16026: 15901:Polyculturalism 15797:Civil liberties 15765: 15746:Reappropriation 15647:Countermeasures 15642: 15571:Racial steering 15537:Numerus clausus 15441: 15435: 15160:Ethnic conflict 15095:Corrective rape 15046: 14686: 14641:minority Muslim 14528: 14420:HIV/AIDS stigma 14288: 14237:Mental disorder 14175: 14144: 14139: 14109: 14103: 14032: 14005: 14003: 13999: 13988: 13974: 13945: 13839: 13814: 13785: 13757: 13715: 13690: 13665: 13655:Faber and Faber 13642: 13599: 13554: 13489: 13451: 13402: 13381: 13373:. p. 357. 13358: 13330: 13297: 13283: 13251: 13184: 13142: 13117: 13090: 13065: 13033: 13005: 12978: 12956:Crowe, David M. 12948: 12916:African Affairs 12856: 12854: 12830: 12819: 12806: 12735: 12711: 12703: 12697: 12695:Further reading 12692: 12686: 12591: 12566: 12547: 12486:Hollander, Paul 12474: 12446: 12414: 12391: 12386: 12385: 12375: 12373: 12356:Odinkalu, Chidi 12353: 12346: 12336: 12334: 12326:Citizens' Gavel 12317: 12310: 12300: 12298: 12294: 12281: 12275: 12271: 12261: 12259: 12231: 12224: 12212:Times of Israel 12203: 12199: 12180: 12179: 12175: 12171: 12104: 12102: 12101:on 14 July 2024 12087: 12043:(6 June 2024). 12035:on 4 July 2024. 12006: 11989: 11987: 11986:on 23 July 2024 11962: 11960: 11937: 11933: 11912: 11911: 11907: 11900: 11879: 11875: 11864: 11828:Rashed, Haifa; 11826: 11822: 11812: 11810: 11795: 11791: 11778: 11776: 11761: 11760: 11756: 11746: 11744: 11731:"SOS – Artsakh" 11729: 11728: 11724: 11714: 11712: 11697: 11696: 11692: 11678: 11676: 11672: 11659: 11655: 11654: 11647: 11637: 11635: 11620: 11619: 11615: 11605: 11603: 11586: 11582: 11572: 11570: 11569:on 25 July 2024 11553: 11549: 11539: 11537: 11525: 11521: 11511: 11509: 11490:Snyder, Timothy 11487: 11483: 11461: 11457: 11447: 11445: 11434: 11433: 11429: 11419: 11417: 11397: 11393: 11354: 11350: 11316: 11312: 11276: 11272: 11218: 11214: 11193: 11189: 11163: 11159: 11149: 11147: 11130: 11123: 11113: 11111: 11107: 11094: 11081: 11077: 11058: 11057: 11053: 11049: 11021: 11019: 11004: 10995: 10993: 10978: 10969: 10967: 10952: 10948: 10944: 10939:Wayback Machine 10929: 10925: 10906: 10905: 10901: 10880: 10876: 10854:MacAskill, Ewen 10852:Mason, Rowena; 10850: 10846: 10823: 10819: 10809: 10807: 10790: 10786: 10778: 10771: 10767: 10766: 10762: 10743: 10739: 10735: 10713: 10704: 10702: 10689: 10685:on 24 May 2024. 10673: 10669:on 23 May 2024. 10657: 10653: 10649: 10639: 10637: 10622: 10621: 10617: 10607: 10605: 10588: 10584: 10569: 10568: 10564: 10555: 10548: 10544: 10533: 10532: 10528: 10518: 10516: 10503: 10502: 10498: 10490: 10483: 10479: 10464: 10463: 10459: 10451:The Independent 10442: 10438: 10419: 10415: 10400: 10399: 10395: 10385: 10383: 10368: 10364: 10347: 10346: 10342: 10329: 10314: 10313: 10309: 10296: 10295: 10291: 10281: 10279: 10269:(5 June 2015). 10264: 10260: 10256: 10247: 10245: 10230: 10221: 10219: 10204: 10195: 10193: 10174: 10172: 10159: 10150: 10148: 10140:The Independent 10133: 10129: 10125: 10115: 10113: 10105:Daily Telegraph 10096: 10092: 10068: 10064: 10054: 10052: 10035: 10031: 10021: 10019: 10002: 9998: 9988: 9986: 9978:The Daily Beast 9969: 9965: 9955: 9953: 9936: 9932: 9922: 9920: 9905: 9904: 9900: 9890: 9888: 9871: 9867: 9857: 9855: 9851: 9844: 9840: 9839: 9832: 9822: 9820: 9801: 9797: 9787: 9785: 9770: 9763: 9753: 9751: 9734: 9727: 9717: 9715: 9698: 9691: 9681: 9679: 9671:The Independent 9664: 9663: 9659: 9649: 9647: 9632: 9631: 9627: 9606: 9602: 9592: 9590: 9577: 9576: 9572: 9562: 9560: 9547: 9546: 9542: 9532: 9530: 9517: 9516: 9512: 9502: 9500: 9487: 9486: 9482: 9472: 9470: 9457: 9456: 9452: 9442: 9440: 9425: 9424: 9420: 9410: 9408: 9391: 9387: 9377: 9375: 9360: 9359: 9355: 9340: 9339: 9335: 9325: 9323: 9310: 9309: 9305: 9295: 9293: 9278: 9277: 9273: 9263: 9261: 9248: 9247: 9240: 9230: 9228: 9211: 9202: 9192: 9190: 9175: 9174: 9170: 9160: 9158: 9145: 9144: 9140: 9130: 9128: 9115: 9114: 9110: 9106: 9097: 9095: 9070: 9068: 9053: 9044: 9042: 9027: 9018: 9016: 8991: 8989: 8985: 8970: 8966: 8962: 8958: 8948: 8946: 8931: 8930: 8926: 8916: 8914: 8897: 8893: 8883: 8881: 8868: 8867: 8863: 8853: 8851: 8834: 8830: 8820: 8818: 8803: 8802: 8798: 8780: 8776: 8766: 8764: 8756:The Independent 8747: 8743: 8733: 8731: 8718: 8710: 8708: 8693: 8685: 8683: 8668: 8660: 8658: 8645: 8637: 8635: 8620: 8612: 8610: 8595: 8587: 8585: 8570: 8568: 8564: 8554: 8552: 8535: 8531: 8521: 8519: 8506: 8505: 8501: 8491: 8489: 8481:The Independent 8472: 8468: 8458: 8456: 8439: 8435: 8425: 8423: 8408: 8407: 8403: 8393: 8391: 8387: 8374: 8370: 8369: 8365: 8355: 8353: 8336: 8332: 8322: 8320: 8301: 8300: 8296: 8286: 8284: 8275: 8274: 8270: 8265:on 5 June 2024. 8258:Radio Free Asia 8251: 8250: 8246: 8225: 8221: 8211: 8209: 8192: 8188: 8178: 8176: 8163: 8162: 8158: 8148: 8146: 8131: 8130: 8123: 8104: 8103: 8099: 8093: 8083: 8081: 8066: 8065: 8061: 8051: 8049: 8044:. 1 July 2020. 8034: 8033: 8029: 8016: 8015: 8011: 8001: 7999: 7995: 7988: 7984: 7983: 7979: 7969: 7967: 7952: 7951: 7947: 7941: 7931: 7929: 7912: 7908: 7898: 7896: 7892: 7881: 7875: 7871: 7865: 7855: 7853: 7836: 7832: 7822: 7820: 7803: 7799: 7793: 7783: 7781: 7768: 7767: 7763: 7753: 7751: 7736: 7732: 7722: 7720: 7711:. U.S. Senator 7707: 7706: 7702: 7692: 7690: 7677: 7676: 7672: 7666: 7656: 7654: 7649:. Summer 2019. 7645: 7644: 7640: 7611: 7607: 7597: 7595: 7587:Financial Times 7580: 7579: 7575: 7565: 7563: 7548: 7547: 7543: 7533: 7531: 7516: 7515: 7511: 7501: 7499: 7494:. 5 July 2019. 7491:The Independent 7484: 7483: 7479: 7458: 7454: 7441: 7439: 7422: 7418: 7408: 7406: 7393: 7392: 7388: 7378: 7376: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7333: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7235: 7231: 7221: 7219: 7204: 7203: 7196: 7183: 7181: 7164: 7160: 7150: 7148: 7140:Hindustan Times 7133: 7132: 7128: 7123:on 25 May 2012. 7109: 7108: 7104: 7094: 7092: 7077: 7076: 7072: 7064: 7060: 7048:The Independent 7036: 7022: 7021: 7017: 7007: 7005: 7000:. 6 July 2004. 6990: 6989: 6985: 6975: 6973: 6968:. 23 May 2003. 6960: 6959: 6955: 6945: 6943: 6934: 6933: 6929: 6924:on 25 May 2010. 6908: 6904: 6887: 6886: 6882: 6869: 6868: 6864: 6847: 6846: 6842: 6821: 6817: 6807: 6805: 6790: 6789: 6785: 6775: 6773: 6758: 6757: 6753: 6732: 6731: 6724: 6722: 6719:"Archived copy" 6717: 6701: 6697: 6664: 6660: 6637: 6633: 6623: 6621: 6617: 6606: 6602: 6601: 6597: 6587: 6585: 6581: 6570: 6566: 6565: 6561: 6551: 6549: 6536: 6535: 6531: 6521: 6519: 6504: 6503: 6499: 6489: 6487: 6472: 6468: 6458: 6456: 6441: 6440: 6436: 6426: 6424: 6416:The Independent 6407: 6403: 6393: 6391: 6374: 6370: 6360: 6358: 6345: 6344: 6340: 6330: 6328: 6313: 6312: 6308: 6298: 6296: 6279: 6275: 6265: 6263: 6246: 6242: 6232: 6230: 6215: 6214: 6210: 6200: 6198: 6183: 6182: 6178: 6168: 6166: 6147: 6143: 6133: 6131: 6112: 6111: 6107: 6097: 6095: 6080: 6079: 6075: 6065: 6063: 6054: 6053: 6049: 6039: 6037: 6022: 6021: 6017: 6007: 6005: 5990: 5989: 5985: 5975: 5973: 5958: 5957: 5953: 5943: 5941: 5936:. 7 June 2009. 5926: 5925: 5921: 5911: 5909: 5894: 5893: 5889: 5879: 5877: 5868: 5867: 5863: 5853: 5851: 5836: 5835: 5831: 5821: 5819: 5815: 5804: 5800: 5799: 5792: 5782: 5780: 5765: 5764: 5760: 5750: 5748: 5743:. 13 May 2011. 5732: 5731: 5727: 5715: 5713: 5698: 5689: 5687: 5661: 5659: 5644: 5642: 5638: 5626: 5624: 5608: 5599: 5597: 5582: 5580: 5576: 5564: 5562: 5547: 5538: 5536: 5531:. 15 May 2011. 5521: 5520: 5516: 5506: 5504: 5491: 5490: 5486: 5474: 5472: 5457: 5448: 5446: 5428: 5424: 5414: 5412: 5395: 5391: 5372: 5368: 5358: 5356: 5341: 5337: 5327: 5325: 5310: 5303: 5301: 5286: 5285: 5281: 5271: 5269: 5252: 5248: 5238: 5236: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5208: 5206: 5202: 5191: 5185: 5184: 5180: 5168: 5166: 5153: 5144: 5142: 5138: 5127: 5123: 5121: 5117: 5109: 5105: 5097: 5093: 5085: 5081: 5073: 5069: 5061: 5057: 5046: 5026: 5022: 5015: 4997:, eds. (2016). 4991: 4984: 4974: 4972: 4971:on 13 June 2024 4957: 4953: 4946: 4923: 4919: 4911: 4905: 4890: 4879: 4875: 4855: 4851: 4831: 4830: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4812: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4779: 4777: 4762: 4753: 4751: 4728: 4726: 4701: 4699: 4684: 4675: 4673: 4658: 4646: 4644: 4629: 4624: 4620: 4613: 4609: 4602: 4598: 4572: 4568: 4543: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4528: 4527: 4466:– an aspect of 4414:Genocide denial 4384:Ethnic violence 4379:Ethnic conflict 4352:, an aspect of 4314:Genocide portal 4312: 4305: 4301: 4293: 4195:Michael Lapsley 4188: 4095: 4071:Main articles: 4069: 4055:, his regime's 3994: 3982:Main articles: 3980: 3812: 3800:Main articles: 3798: 3775:again issued a 3666: 3660:Amhara genocide 3654:Main articles: 3652: 3607:famine in Yemen 3580:Yemeni capital 3574: 3568: 3560:Sinjar massacre 3446:Sinjar District 3434: 3410:Main articles: 3408: 3364:Mathiang Anyoor 3360:Shilluk Kingdom 3347:Mathiang Anyoor 3315: 3307:Main articles: 3305: 3289:Min Aung Hlaing 3255:minority groups 3244:Emmanuel Macron 3187:Rohingya people 3148: 3106: 3100: 2945: 2903: 2897: 2892: 2886:Racism in China 2864:Main articles: 2862: 2850:forced transfer 2810:Darfur genocide 2806: 2804:Darfur genocide 2800: 2767:Congo Civil War 2763: 2755:Fulani herdsmen 2743: 2733: 2728: 2667: 2653: 2637:Main articles: 2635: 2565: 2559: 2557:Easter bombings 2501:J. Jayalalithaa 2400: 2386: 2381: 2337: 2331: 2275: 2246: 2245: 2244: 2243: 2242: 2117:Polyculturalism 2013:Civil liberties 1985: 1977: 1976: 1975: 1974: 1973: 1954:Reappropriation 1854: 1853:Countermeasures 1846: 1845: 1844: 1843: 1842: 1771:Racial steering 1737:Numerus clausus 1641: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1629: 1354:Ethnic conflict 1289:Corrective rape 1244: 1236: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1232: 879: 868: 867: 866: 865: 864: 819:minority Muslim 712: 702: 701: 700: 699: 698: 590:HIV/AIDS stigma 462: 454: 453: 452: 451: 450: 399:Mental disorder 341: 333: 332: 331: 330: 329: 302: 265: 161:Anti-Indigenous 115:In relation to 57: 55: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 18089: 18079: 18078: 18073: 18056: 18055: 18052: 18051: 18049: 18048: 18040: 18032: 18024: 18016: 18008: 18000: 17992: 17984: 17975: 17972: 17971: 17959: 17958: 17956: 17955: 17947: 17939: 17931: 17930: 17929: 17921: 17913: 17897: 17889: 17881: 17873: 17865: 17856: 17853: 17852: 17840: 17839: 17837: 17836: 17828: 17820: 17812: 17804: 17796: 17788: 17784:Eichmann trial 17780: 17772: 17764: 17756: 17748: 17740: 17732: 17724: 17716: 17708: 17700: 17692: 17684: 17676: 17668: 17664:CheΕ‚mno trials 17660: 17652: 17644: 17636: 17627: 17624: 17623: 17609: 17605: 17604: 17602: 17601: 17594: 17587: 17580: 17573: 17566: 17559: 17552: 17551: 17550: 17543: 17536: 17521: 17519: 17515: 17514: 17512: 17511: 17504: 17497: 17490: 17483: 17476: 17469: 17462: 17461: 17460: 17457:Trivialization 17445: 17443: 17437: 17436: 17434: 17433: 17426: 17419: 17412: 17405: 17404: 17403: 17396: 17393:Killing Fields 17382: 17375: 17368: 17361: 17354: 17346: 17344: 17340: 17339: 17337: 17336: 17329: 17322: 17315: 17308: 17301: 17294: 17287: 17280: 17273: 17266: 17265: 17264: 17263: 17262: 17241: 17240: 17239: 17224: 17222: 17218: 17217: 17214: 17213: 17211: 17210: 17202: 17194: 17186: 17178: 17170: 17162: 17154: 17153: 17152: 17137: 17128: 17125: 17124: 17110: 17109: 17107: 17106: 17098: 17090: 17089: 17088: 17073: 17065: 17057: 17049: 17041: 17033: 17029:Kuwaiti Bedoon 17025: 17017: 17009: 17001: 16993: 16985: 16977: 16976: 16975: 16968: 16956: 16948: 16940: 16932: 16924: 16916: 16908: 16900: 16891: 16888: 16887: 16873: 16872: 16870: 16869: 16865:Crimean Tatars 16861: 16853: 16845: 16837: 16829: 16821: 16813: 16805: 16797: 16789: 16781: 16773: 16765: 16757: 16749: 16741: 16733: 16725: 16717: 16709: 16701: 16693: 16689:Kantō Massacre 16685: 16677: 16669: 16661: 16653: 16652: 16651: 16643: 16635: 16627: 16619: 16611: 16610: 16609: 16586: 16583: 16582: 16568: 16567: 16565: 16564: 16563: 16562: 16547: 16539: 16531: 16523: 16515: 16507: 16499: 16491: 16483: 16475: 16467: 16466: 16465: 16457: 16449: 16445:Trail of Tears 16441: 16437:Indian removal 16426: 16418: 16410: 16409: 16408: 16400: 16385: 16377: 16369: 16361: 16353: 16352: 16351: 16343: 16328: 16320: 16312: 16304: 16296: 16288: 16280: 16276:Kashmiri Shias 16272: 16264: 16256: 16247: 16244: 16243: 16229: 16228: 16226: 16225: 16217: 16209: 16201: 16193: 16185: 16177: 16169: 16161: 16160: 16159: 16144: 16136: 16127: 16124: 16123: 16110: 16098: 16097: 16090: 16089: 16082: 16075: 16067: 16056: 16055: 16053: 16052: 16042: 16031: 16028: 16027: 16025: 16024: 16019: 16018: 16017: 16007: 16002: 15997: 15996: 15995: 15990: 15985: 15975: 15970: 15965: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15949: 15948: 15946:Reverse racism 15938: 15933: 15928: 15923: 15918: 15916:Prisoner abuse 15913: 15908: 15906:Power distance 15903: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15872: 15871: 15861: 15856: 15851: 15846: 15841: 15836: 15831: 15826: 15824:Ethnic penalty 15821: 15820: 15819: 15817:Neurodiversity 15814: 15804: 15802:Dehumanization 15799: 15794: 15792:Cisnormativity 15789: 15784: 15779: 15773: 15771: 15770:Related topics 15767: 15766: 15764: 15763: 15758: 15753: 15748: 15743: 15738: 15733: 15728: 15723: 15718: 15713: 15708: 15703: 15698: 15693: 15692: 15691: 15681: 15676: 15671: 15666: 15661: 15656: 15650: 15648: 15644: 15643: 15641: 15640: 15635: 15630: 15628:State religion 15625: 15620: 15615: 15610: 15609: 15608: 15603: 15598: 15593: 15583: 15578: 15573: 15568: 15567: 15566: 15564:Nuremberg Laws 15561: 15551: 15546: 15541: 15533: 15528: 15523: 15518: 15513: 15508: 15506:Ghetto benches 15503: 15501:Gerrymandering 15498: 15493: 15488: 15486:Gender pay gap 15483: 15482: 15481: 15476: 15466: 15461: 15456: 15451: 15445: 15443: 15440:Discriminatory 15437: 15436: 15434: 15433: 15428: 15423: 15418: 15413: 15408: 15403: 15398: 15393: 15388: 15383: 15378: 15373: 15368: 15363: 15358: 15353: 15348: 15343: 15338: 15333: 15328: 15323: 15318: 15317: 15316: 15311: 15306: 15296: 15291: 15286: 15281: 15276: 15271: 15269:Lavender scare 15266: 15264:Kill Haole Day 15261: 15259:Indian rolling 15256: 15251: 15246: 15241: 15236: 15235: 15234: 15224: 15219: 15218: 15217: 15207: 15202: 15197: 15192: 15187: 15182: 15177: 15172: 15167: 15162: 15157: 15152: 15147: 15145:Eliminationism 15142: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15122: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15087: 15082: 15080:Cancel culture 15077: 15072: 15067: 15066: 15065: 15054: 15052: 15051:Manifestations 15048: 15047: 15045: 15044: 15039: 15034: 15029: 15024: 15019: 15014: 15009: 15004: 14999: 14994: 14989: 14984: 14979: 14974: 14969: 14964: 14959: 14954: 14949: 14947:Middle Eastern 14944: 14939: 14934: 14929: 14924: 14919: 14914: 14913: 14912: 14902: 14897: 14892: 14887: 14886: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14867: 14862: 14857: 14852: 14847: 14842: 14837: 14832: 14827: 14822: 14817: 14812: 14807: 14802: 14797: 14792: 14787: 14782: 14781: 14780: 14775: 14770: 14760: 14755: 14750: 14749: 14748: 14743: 14738: 14728: 14723: 14718: 14713: 14708: 14703: 14697: 14695: 14688: 14687: 14685: 14684: 14682:Zoroastrianism 14679: 14674: 14669: 14664: 14659: 14658: 14657: 14647: 14646: 14645: 14644: 14643: 14638: 14633: 14628: 14623: 14608: 14607: 14606: 14604:Untouchability 14601: 14591: 14586: 14585: 14584: 14579: 14574: 14569: 14564: 14554: 14549: 14544: 14538: 14536: 14530: 14529: 14527: 14526: 14521: 14516: 14515: 14514: 14509: 14504: 14494: 14493: 14492: 14487: 14477: 14472: 14467: 14462: 14457: 14452: 14447: 14442: 14437: 14432: 14430:Leprosy stigma 14427: 14422: 14417: 14412: 14407: 14402: 14397: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14296: 14294: 14290: 14289: 14287: 14286: 14281: 14276: 14271: 14266: 14261: 14256: 14255: 14254: 14249: 14239: 14234: 14229: 14224: 14219: 14214: 14209: 14204: 14199: 14194: 14189: 14183: 14181: 14177: 14176: 14174: 14173: 14168: 14163: 14158: 14152: 14150: 14146: 14145: 14142:Discrimination 14138: 14137: 14130: 14123: 14115: 14108: 14107: 14101: 14087:Wright, Ronald 14083: 14071: 14040: 14031:978-0521194211 14030: 14011: 14002:on 21 May 2013 13978: 13972: 13952: 13943: 13921: 13886: 13860:(4): 417–436. 13847: 13837: 13822: 13812: 13793: 13783: 13765: 13755: 13736: 13730:. Copenhagen: 13723: 13713: 13694: 13688: 13669: 13664:978-0571231416 13663: 13646: 13640: 13615: 13606: 13597: 13572: 13563: 13545: 13536: 13524:10.1086/522350 13516:10.1086/522350 13497: 13487: 13479:Berghahn Books 13471:Moses, A. Dirk 13459: 13449: 13427: 13410: 13400: 13385: 13379: 13362: 13356: 13335: 13287: 13281: 13259: 13249: 13230: 13213: 13192: 13182: 13163: 13150: 13140: 13121: 13115: 13098: 13088: 13080:Westview Press 13069: 13063: 13045:Diamond, Jared 13041: 13031: 13023:Berghahn Books 13009: 13003: 12986: 12977:978-1317986812 12976: 12952: 12946: 12933: 12910: 12863: 12835: 12810: 12805:978-0812244878 12804: 12787: 12774: 12764:Bonwick, James 12760: 12758:on 6 May 2013. 12743: 12733: 12713: 12712: 12704: 12699:Main article: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12690: 12684: 12671: 12628: 12595: 12589: 12570: 12564: 12551: 12545: 12516: 12498:(3): 149–189. 12482: 12472: 12450: 12444: 12418: 12412: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12384: 12383: 12344: 12308: 12269: 12222: 12197: 12173: 12170: 12169: 12141: 12111: 12085: 12057: 12037: 11996: 11972:Feroz, Elias. 11969: 11938: 11931: 11905: 11898: 11892:. p. 10. 11873: 11862: 11820: 11789: 11754: 11722: 11704:Genocide Watch 11690: 11645: 11627:Genocide Watch 11613: 11602:on 27 May 2022 11595:Foreign Policy 11580: 11547: 11519: 11481: 11455: 11444:. 5 April 2022 11441:The Australian 11427: 11391: 11348: 11319:Strauss, Scott 11310: 11270: 11212: 11187: 11157: 11139:Genocide Watch 11121: 11075: 11065:Genocide Watch 11051: 11048: 11047: 11028: 11002: 10992:on 5 June 2024 10976: 10949: 10942: 10923: 10899: 10874: 10844: 10817: 10806:on 4 June 2024 10784: 10760: 10737: 10734: 10733: 10711: 10687: 10671: 10654: 10647: 10615: 10582: 10562: 10526: 10515:on 2 July 2015 10496: 10457: 10436: 10413: 10393: 10371:Borger, Julian 10362: 10340: 10307: 10289: 10267:Borger, Julian 10258: 10255: 10254: 10228: 10211:Irish Examiner 10202: 10181: 10157: 10130: 10123: 10090: 10080:The New Yorker 10071:Packer, George 10062: 10029: 9996: 9963: 9930: 9898: 9865: 9830: 9795: 9761: 9725: 9689: 9657: 9625: 9615:Foreign Policy 9600: 9570: 9540: 9510: 9480: 9450: 9418: 9385: 9353: 9333: 9303: 9271: 9238: 9200: 9168: 9138: 9108: 9105: 9104: 9077: 9051: 9025: 8998: 8975:United Nations 8963: 8956: 8924: 8891: 8874:The Daily Star 8861: 8828: 8796: 8774: 8741: 8562: 8529: 8512:The Daily Star 8499: 8466: 8433: 8401: 8363: 8330: 8294: 8268: 8244: 8234:Foreign Policy 8219: 8186: 8169:The World Bank 8156: 8121: 8097: 8091: 8059: 8041:Deutsche Welle 8027: 8009: 7977: 7945: 7939: 7906: 7869: 7863: 7830: 7797: 7791: 7761: 7730: 7700: 7670: 7664: 7638: 7605: 7573: 7541: 7509: 7477: 7452: 7416: 7386: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7340:The Daily Star 7331: 7314: 7308:(in Spanish). 7295: 7278: 7261: 7254: 7229: 7194: 7158: 7126: 7102: 7070: 7068:, p. 192. 7058: 7039:Peta, Basildon 7015: 6983: 6953: 6927: 6902: 6880: 6862: 6840: 6830:Genocide Watch 6815: 6804:on 23 May 2024 6783: 6751: 6716:, 2005, p. 8. 6695: 6676:(1): 199–202. 6658: 6631: 6595: 6577:. April 1996. 6559: 6529: 6497: 6466: 6434: 6401: 6368: 6338: 6306: 6273: 6240: 6208: 6176: 6141: 6126:. 8 May 2019. 6105: 6073: 6047: 6015: 5997:Tamil Guardian 5983: 5951: 5919: 5887: 5861: 5829: 5790: 5758: 5725: 5723: 5722: 5696: 5636: 5634: 5633: 5574: 5572: 5571: 5557:. 8 May 2011. 5514: 5484: 5482: 5481: 5422: 5389: 5366: 5335: 5279: 5246: 5216: 5196:United Nations 5178: 5176: 5175: 5165:on 20 May 2018 5115: 5103: 5091: 5089:, p. 267. 5079: 5067: 5055: 5044: 5020: 5013: 4995:Brauer, Jurgen 4982: 4951: 4944: 4917: 4903: 4873: 4869:Hollander 2012 4849: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4793: 4790: 4789: 4760: 4735: 4708: 4682: 4665:Genocide Watch 4656: 4626: 4618: 4607: 4596: 4592:anti-communism 4566: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4526: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4319: 4318: 4317: 4302: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4281:Chidi Odinkalu 4265:Genocide Watch 4250:Chidi Odinkalu 4187: 4184: 4068: 4065: 4033:Genocide Watch 4016:population in 3979: 3976: 3967:Foreign Policy 3860:Bucha massacre 3840:Vladimir Putin 3797: 3794: 3782:dehumanization 3773:Genocide Watch 3697:Genocide Watch 3651: 3648: 3570:Main article: 3567: 3564: 3407: 3404: 3343:Bahr el Ghazal 3341:stronghold of 3304: 3301: 3222:United Nations 3102:Main article: 3099: 3096: 3087:Foreign Policy 3051:indoctrination 2977:administration 2963:(XUAR) of the 2907:Islam in China 2899:Main article: 2896: 2893: 2861: 2858: 2802:Main article: 2799: 2796: 2788:Ituri district 2762: 2759: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2677:Following the 2634: 2631: 2627:Antonio Tajani 2612:Cinnamon Grand 2558: 2555: 2518:(PPT) held in 2493:M. Karunanidhi 2491:of Tamil Nadu 2489:Chief Minister 2474:Harald Stabell 2390:Tamil genocide 2385: 2384:Tamil genocide 2382: 2380: 2377: 2369:Raphael Lemkin 2330: 2327: 2311:United Nations 2300:Raphael Lemkin 2277: 2276: 2274: 2273: 2266: 2259: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2241: 2240: 2235: 2234: 2233: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2212: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2165: 2164: 2162:Reverse racism 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2132:Prisoner abuse 2129: 2124: 2122:Power distance 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2088: 2087: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2040:Ethnic penalty 2037: 2036: 2035: 2033:Neurodiversity 2030: 2020: 2018:Dehumanization 2015: 2010: 2008:Cisnormativity 2005: 2000: 1995: 1989: 1988: 1987: 1986: 1984:Related topics 1983: 1982: 1979: 1978: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1900: 1899: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1841: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1828:State religion 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1767: 1766: 1764:Nuremberg Laws 1761: 1751: 1746: 1741: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1706:Ghetto benches 1703: 1701:Gerrymandering 1698: 1693: 1688: 1686:Gender pay gap 1683: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1463:Lavender scare 1460: 1458:Kill Haole Day 1455: 1453:Indian rolling 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1429: 1428: 1418: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1339:Eliminationism 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1274:Cancel culture 1271: 1266: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1243:Manifestations 1242: 1241: 1238: 1237: 1231: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1133:Middle Eastern 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 967: 966: 961: 956: 946: 941: 936: 935: 934: 929: 924: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 883: 882: 881: 880: 874: 873: 870: 869: 863: 862: 860:Zoroastrianism 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 836: 835: 825: 824: 823: 822: 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 786: 785: 784: 782:Untouchability 779: 769: 764: 763: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 732: 727: 722: 716: 715: 714: 713: 708: 707: 704: 703: 697: 696: 691: 686: 685: 684: 679: 674: 664: 663: 662: 657: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 602: 600:Leprosy stigma 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 532: 527: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 466: 465: 464: 463: 460: 459: 456: 455: 449: 448: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 417: 416: 411: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 345: 344: 343: 342: 339: 338: 335: 334: 328: 327: 322: 317: 312: 306: 305: 304: 303: 300: 299: 296: 295: 287: 286: 284:Discrimination 280: 279: 267: 266: 264: 263: 256: 249: 241: 238: 237: 231: 230: 229: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 200: 199: 198:Related topics 195: 194: 193: 192: 191: 190: 185: 175: 174: 173: 168: 163: 155: 154: 153: 143: 138: 133: 128: 123: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 75: 74: 70: 69: 61: 60: 51: 50: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18088: 18077: 18074: 18072: 18069: 18068: 18066: 18045: 18041: 18037: 18033: 18029: 18025: 18021: 18017: 18013: 18009: 18005: 18001: 17997: 17993: 17989: 17985: 17981: 17977: 17976: 17973: 17964: 17952: 17948: 17944: 17940: 17936: 17932: 17926: 17922: 17918: 17914: 17910: 17906: 17905: 17902: 17898: 17894: 17890: 17886: 17882: 17878: 17874: 17870: 17866: 17862: 17858: 17857: 17854: 17845: 17833: 17829: 17825: 17821: 17817: 17816:Sobibor trial 17813: 17809: 17805: 17801: 17797: 17793: 17789: 17785: 17781: 17777: 17773: 17769: 17765: 17761: 17757: 17753: 17749: 17745: 17741: 17737: 17733: 17729: 17725: 17721: 17717: 17713: 17709: 17705: 17701: 17697: 17693: 17689: 17685: 17681: 17680:Belsen trials 17677: 17673: 17672:Dachau trials 17669: 17665: 17661: 17657: 17653: 17649: 17645: 17641: 17640:Kharkov trial 17637: 17633: 17629: 17628: 17625: 17619: 17613: 17610: 17606: 17599: 17595: 17592: 17588: 17585: 17584:Justification 17581: 17578: 17574: 17571: 17567: 17564: 17560: 17557: 17553: 17548: 17544: 17541: 17537: 17534: 17530: 17529: 17527: 17523: 17522: 17520: 17516: 17509: 17505: 17502: 17498: 17495: 17491: 17488: 17484: 17481: 17477: 17474: 17470: 17467: 17463: 17458: 17454: 17453: 17451: 17450:The Holocaust 17447: 17446: 17444: 17442: 17438: 17431: 17427: 17424: 17420: 17417: 17413: 17410: 17409:Death marches 17406: 17401: 17397: 17394: 17390: 17389: 17387: 17383: 17380: 17376: 17373: 17369: 17366: 17362: 17359: 17355: 17352: 17348: 17347: 17345: 17341: 17334: 17330: 17327: 17323: 17320: 17316: 17313: 17309: 17306: 17302: 17299: 17295: 17292: 17288: 17285: 17281: 17278: 17274: 17271: 17267: 17260: 17256: 17255: 17253: 17249: 17248: 17246: 17242: 17237: 17233: 17232: 17230: 17226: 17225: 17223: 17219: 17207: 17203: 17199: 17195: 17191: 17187: 17183: 17179: 17175: 17171: 17167: 17166:Iraqi Turkmen 17163: 17159: 17155: 17150: 17146: 17145: 17142: 17138: 17134: 17130: 17129: 17126: 17121: 17115: 17103: 17099: 17095: 17091: 17086: 17082: 17081: 17078: 17074: 17070: 17066: 17062: 17058: 17054: 17050: 17046: 17042: 17038: 17034: 17030: 17026: 17022: 17018: 17014: 17010: 17006: 17002: 16998: 16994: 16990: 16986: 16982: 16978: 16973: 16969: 16966: 16962: 16961: 16957: 16953: 16949: 16945: 16941: 16937: 16933: 16929: 16925: 16921: 16917: 16913: 16909: 16905: 16901: 16897: 16893: 16892: 16889: 16884: 16878: 16866: 16862: 16858: 16854: 16850: 16846: 16842: 16838: 16834: 16830: 16826: 16822: 16818: 16814: 16810: 16806: 16802: 16801:The Holocaust 16798: 16794: 16790: 16786: 16782: 16778: 16774: 16770: 16766: 16762: 16758: 16754: 16750: 16746: 16742: 16738: 16734: 16730: 16726: 16722: 16718: 16714: 16710: 16706: 16702: 16698: 16694: 16690: 16686: 16683:(1920s–1930s) 16682: 16681:Ingrian Finns 16678: 16674: 16670: 16666: 16662: 16658: 16654: 16648: 16644: 16640: 16636: 16632: 16628: 16624: 16620: 16616: 16612: 16607: 16606:Pontic Greeks 16603: 16602: 16599: 16595: 16594: 16592: 16588: 16587: 16584: 16579: 16573: 16559: 16555: 16554: 16552: 16548: 16544: 16540: 16536: 16532: 16528: 16524: 16521:(1890s–1900s) 16520: 16516: 16512: 16508: 16504: 16500: 16496: 16492: 16488: 16484: 16480: 16476: 16472: 16468: 16462: 16458: 16454: 16450: 16446: 16442: 16438: 16434: 16433: 16431: 16427: 16423: 16419: 16415: 16411: 16405: 16401: 16397: 16393: 16392: 16390: 16386: 16382: 16378: 16374: 16370: 16366: 16362: 16358: 16354: 16348: 16344: 16341:(1700s–1800s) 16340: 16336: 16335: 16333: 16329: 16325: 16321: 16317: 16313: 16309: 16305: 16301: 16297: 16293: 16289: 16285: 16281: 16277: 16273: 16269: 16265: 16261: 16257: 16253: 16249: 16248: 16245: 16240: 16234: 16222: 16218: 16214: 16210: 16206: 16202: 16198: 16194: 16191:(1200s–1360s) 16190: 16186: 16182: 16178: 16174: 16170: 16166: 16162: 16157: 16153: 16152: 16149: 16145: 16141: 16137: 16133: 16129: 16128: 16125: 16120: 16114: 16111: 16108: 16103: 16099: 16095: 16088: 16083: 16081: 16076: 16074: 16069: 16068: 16065: 16051: 16043: 16041: 16033: 16032: 16029: 16023: 16020: 16016: 16013: 16012: 16011: 16008: 16006: 16003: 16001: 16000:Social stigma 15998: 15994: 15991: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15980: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15947: 15944: 15943: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15934: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15924: 15922: 15919: 15917: 15914: 15912: 15909: 15907: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15877: 15874: 15870: 15867: 15866: 15865: 15862: 15860: 15857: 15855: 15852: 15850: 15847: 15845: 15842: 15840: 15837: 15835: 15832: 15830: 15827: 15825: 15822: 15818: 15815: 15813: 15810: 15809: 15808: 15805: 15803: 15800: 15798: 15795: 15793: 15790: 15788: 15785: 15783: 15780: 15778: 15775: 15774: 15772: 15768: 15762: 15759: 15757: 15754: 15752: 15749: 15747: 15744: 15742: 15739: 15737: 15734: 15732: 15729: 15727: 15724: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15707: 15704: 15702: 15699: 15697: 15694: 15690: 15687: 15686: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15652: 15651: 15649: 15645: 15639: 15636: 15634: 15631: 15629: 15626: 15624: 15623:State atheism 15621: 15619: 15616: 15614: 15611: 15607: 15604: 15602: 15599: 15597: 15594: 15592: 15589: 15588: 15587: 15584: 15582: 15579: 15577: 15574: 15572: 15569: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15559:Jim Crow laws 15557: 15556: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15545: 15544:One-drop rule 15542: 15540: 15538: 15534: 15532: 15529: 15527: 15524: 15522: 15519: 15517: 15514: 15512: 15509: 15507: 15504: 15502: 15499: 15497: 15494: 15492: 15489: 15487: 15484: 15480: 15477: 15475: 15472: 15471: 15470: 15467: 15465: 15462: 15460: 15459:Blood quantum 15457: 15455: 15452: 15450: 15447: 15446: 15444: 15438: 15432: 15429: 15427: 15424: 15422: 15419: 15417: 15414: 15412: 15409: 15407: 15406:Victimisation 15404: 15402: 15401:Trans bashing 15399: 15397: 15394: 15392: 15389: 15387: 15384: 15382: 15379: 15377: 15374: 15372: 15371:Religious war 15369: 15367: 15364: 15362: 15359: 15357: 15354: 15352: 15351:Racialization 15349: 15347: 15344: 15342: 15339: 15337: 15334: 15332: 15329: 15327: 15324: 15322: 15319: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15302: 15301: 15300: 15297: 15295: 15292: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15247: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15237: 15233: 15230: 15229: 15228: 15225: 15223: 15222:Glass ceiling 15220: 15216: 15213: 15212: 15211: 15208: 15206: 15203: 15201: 15198: 15196: 15193: 15191: 15188: 15186: 15183: 15181: 15178: 15176: 15173: 15171: 15168: 15166: 15165:Ethnic hatred 15163: 15161: 15158: 15156: 15153: 15151: 15148: 15146: 15143: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15100:Counter-jihad 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15064: 15061: 15060: 15059: 15056: 15055: 15053: 15049: 15043: 15040: 15038: 15035: 15033: 15030: 15028: 15025: 15023: 15020: 15018: 15015: 15013: 15010: 15008: 15005: 15003: 15000: 14998: 14995: 14993: 14990: 14988: 14985: 14983: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14973: 14970: 14968: 14965: 14963: 14960: 14958: 14955: 14953: 14950: 14948: 14945: 14943: 14940: 14938: 14935: 14933: 14930: 14928: 14925: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14911: 14908: 14907: 14906: 14903: 14901: 14898: 14896: 14893: 14891: 14888: 14884: 14883:United States 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14870: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14848: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14838: 14836: 14833: 14831: 14828: 14826: 14823: 14821: 14818: 14816: 14813: 14811: 14808: 14806: 14803: 14801: 14798: 14796: 14793: 14791: 14788: 14786: 14783: 14779: 14776: 14774: 14771: 14769: 14766: 14765: 14764: 14761: 14759: 14756: 14754: 14751: 14747: 14746:United States 14744: 14742: 14739: 14737: 14734: 14733: 14732: 14729: 14727: 14724: 14722: 14719: 14717: 14714: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14704: 14702: 14699: 14698: 14696: 14694: 14689: 14683: 14680: 14678: 14675: 14673: 14670: 14668: 14667:Protestantism 14665: 14663: 14660: 14656: 14653: 14652: 14651: 14648: 14642: 14639: 14637: 14634: 14632: 14629: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14618: 14617: 14614: 14613: 14612: 14609: 14605: 14602: 14600: 14597: 14596: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14583: 14580: 14578: 14577:LDS or Mormon 14575: 14573: 14570: 14568: 14565: 14563: 14560: 14559: 14558: 14555: 14553: 14550: 14548: 14545: 14543: 14540: 14539: 14537: 14535: 14531: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14517: 14513: 14510: 14508: 14507:Transmisogyny 14505: 14503: 14500: 14499: 14498: 14495: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14482: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14461: 14458: 14456: 14453: 14451: 14448: 14446: 14443: 14441: 14438: 14436: 14433: 14431: 14428: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14416: 14413: 14411: 14410:Gerontophobia 14408: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14340:Anti-intersex 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14315:Anti-albinism 14313: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14297: 14295: 14291: 14285: 14282: 14280: 14277: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14267: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14253: 14250: 14248: 14245: 14244: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14228: 14225: 14223: 14220: 14218: 14215: 14213: 14210: 14208: 14205: 14203: 14200: 14198: 14195: 14193: 14190: 14188: 14185: 14184: 14182: 14178: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14162: 14159: 14157: 14156:Institutional 14154: 14153: 14151: 14147: 14143: 14136: 14131: 14129: 14124: 14122: 14117: 14116: 14113: 14104: 14098: 14094: 14093: 14088: 14084: 14080: 14076: 14072: 14068: 14064: 14060: 14056: 14052: 14048: 14047: 14041: 14037: 14033: 14027: 14023: 14019: 14018: 14012: 13998: 13994: 13987: 13986: 13979: 13975: 13969: 13965: 13961: 13957: 13953: 13950: 13946: 13940: 13936: 13932: 13931: 13926: 13922: 13918: 13914: 13910: 13906: 13902: 13898: 13897: 13892: 13887: 13883: 13879: 13875: 13871: 13867: 13863: 13859: 13855: 13854: 13848: 13844: 13840: 13834: 13831:. J. Currey. 13830: 13829: 13823: 13819: 13815: 13809: 13805: 13801: 13800: 13794: 13790: 13786: 13780: 13776: 13775: 13770: 13766: 13762: 13758: 13752: 13748: 13744: 13743: 13737: 13733: 13729: 13724: 13720: 13716: 13710: 13706: 13702: 13701: 13695: 13691: 13685: 13681: 13677: 13676: 13670: 13666: 13660: 13656: 13652: 13647: 13643: 13637: 13633: 13629: 13624: 13623: 13616: 13612: 13607: 13604: 13600: 13598:9780231112000 13594: 13590: 13586: 13581: 13580: 13573: 13569: 13564: 13560: 13553: 13552: 13546: 13542: 13537: 13533: 13529: 13525: 13521: 13517: 13513: 13510:(1): 77–106. 13509: 13505: 13504: 13498: 13494: 13490: 13484: 13480: 13476: 13472: 13468: 13464: 13460: 13456: 13452: 13446: 13442: 13438: 13437: 13432: 13428: 13424: 13420: 13416: 13411: 13407: 13403: 13397: 13393: 13392: 13386: 13382: 13376: 13372: 13368: 13363: 13359: 13353: 13349: 13344: 13343: 13336: 13329: 13325: 13321: 13317: 13313: 13310:(2): 163–92. 13309: 13305: 13304: 13296: 13292: 13288: 13284: 13282:9781785370472 13278: 13274: 13270: 13269: 13264: 13263:Kennedy, Liam 13260: 13256: 13252: 13246: 13242: 13238: 13237: 13231: 13227: 13223: 13219: 13214: 13210: 13206: 13202: 13198: 13193: 13189: 13185: 13179: 13175: 13171: 13170: 13164: 13160: 13156: 13151: 13147: 13143: 13137: 13133: 13129: 13128: 13122: 13118: 13112: 13109:. p. 5. 13108: 13104: 13099: 13095: 13091: 13085: 13081: 13077: 13076: 13070: 13066: 13060: 13056: 13055:HarperCollins 13052: 13051: 13046: 13042: 13038: 13034: 13028: 13024: 13020: 13019: 13014: 13013:Curthoys, Ann 13010: 13006: 13004:0-521-45690-8 13000: 12996: 12992: 12987: 12983: 12979: 12973: 12969: 12965: 12961: 12957: 12953: 12949: 12947:0-8090-1634-6 12943: 12940:. Macmillan. 12939: 12934: 12930: 12926: 12922: 12918: 12917: 12911: 12907: 12903: 12899: 12895: 12891: 12887: 12883: 12879: 12875: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12853:on 6 May 2013 12852: 12848: 12844: 12840: 12836: 12829: 12825: 12818: 12817: 12811: 12807: 12801: 12797: 12793: 12788: 12783: 12779: 12775: 12771: 12770: 12765: 12761: 12757: 12753: 12749: 12744: 12740: 12736: 12730: 12726: 12722: 12721: 12715: 12714: 12709: 12702: 12687: 12681: 12677: 12672: 12668: 12664: 12660: 12656: 12652: 12648: 12644: 12640: 12636: 12635: 12629: 12625: 12621: 12617: 12613: 12609: 12605: 12601: 12596: 12592: 12586: 12582: 12578: 12577: 12571: 12567: 12561: 12557: 12552: 12548: 12542: 12538: 12534: 12530: 12526: 12522: 12517: 12513: 12509: 12505: 12501: 12497: 12493: 12492: 12487: 12483: 12479: 12475: 12469: 12466:. p. 6. 12465: 12461: 12460: 12455: 12451: 12447: 12441: 12437: 12434:. Cambridge: 12433: 12432: 12427: 12423: 12419: 12415: 12409: 12405: 12401: 12400: 12394: 12393: 12371: 12367: 12366: 12361: 12357: 12351: 12349: 12332: 12328: 12327: 12322: 12315: 12313: 12293: 12289: 12288: 12287:African Union 12280: 12273: 12257: 12253: 12252: 12247: 12243: 12239: 12235: 12229: 12227: 12218: 12214: 12213: 12208: 12201: 12193: 12189: 12188: 12183: 12177: 12165: 12160: 12156: 12155: 12150: 12146: 12142: 12138: 12134: 12130: 12126: 12122: 12121: 12116: 12112: 12100: 12096: 12095: 12090: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12072: 12071: 12066: 12062: 12058: 12054: 12050: 12046: 12042: 12038: 12034: 12030: 12026: 12022: 12018: 12014: 12013: 12005: 12001: 11997: 11985: 11981: 11980: 11975: 11970: 11958: 11954: 11953: 11948: 11944: 11940: 11939: 11935: 11928: 11923: 11919: 11915: 11909: 11901: 11895: 11891: 11887: 11883: 11882:Short, Damien 11877: 11869: 11865: 11859: 11855: 11851: 11847: 11843: 11839: 11838:Short, Damien 11835: 11831: 11830:Short, Damien 11824: 11808: 11804: 11800: 11793: 11786: 11774: 11770: 11769: 11764: 11758: 11742: 11738: 11737: 11732: 11726: 11710: 11706: 11705: 11700: 11694: 11687: 11671: 11667: 11666: 11658: 11652: 11650: 11633: 11629: 11628: 11623: 11617: 11601: 11597: 11596: 11591: 11584: 11568: 11564: 11563: 11558: 11551: 11536: 11535: 11534:Just Security 11530: 11523: 11507: 11503: 11499: 11495: 11491: 11485: 11477: 11473: 11471: 11466: 11459: 11443: 11442: 11437: 11431: 11416: 11412: 11408: 11407: 11402: 11395: 11387: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11369: 11365: 11364: 11359: 11352: 11344: 11340: 11336: 11332: 11328: 11324: 11320: 11314: 11306: 11302: 11298: 11294: 11290: 11286: 11285: 11280: 11274: 11266: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11248: 11244: 11240: 11236: 11235: 11230: 11226: 11225:Attaran, Amir 11222: 11221:McKee, Martin 11216: 11208: 11204: 11203: 11198: 11191: 11184: 11180: 11176: 11175: 11169: 11161: 11145: 11141: 11140: 11135: 11128: 11126: 11106: 11102: 11101: 11093: 11089: 11085: 11084:de Waal, Alex 11079: 11071: 11067: 11066: 11061: 11055: 11044: 11040: 11039: 11034: 11029: 11017: 11013: 11012: 11007: 11003: 10991: 10987: 10986: 10981: 10977: 10965: 10961: 10960: 10955: 10951: 10950: 10946: 10940: 10936: 10933: 10927: 10919: 10915: 10914: 10909: 10903: 10895: 10891: 10890: 10885: 10878: 10869: 10865: 10864: 10859: 10855: 10848: 10840: 10836: 10835: 10829: 10821: 10805: 10801: 10800: 10795: 10788: 10777: 10770: 10764: 10756: 10752: 10748: 10741: 10730: 10726: 10722: 10721: 10716: 10712: 10700: 10696: 10692: 10688: 10684: 10680: 10676: 10672: 10668: 10664: 10660: 10656: 10655: 10651: 10635: 10631: 10630: 10625: 10619: 10603: 10599: 10598: 10593: 10586: 10578: 10577: 10572: 10566: 10554: 10547: 10540: 10536: 10530: 10514: 10510: 10506: 10500: 10489: 10482: 10475: 10471: 10467: 10461: 10453: 10452: 10447: 10440: 10433: 10428: 10424: 10417: 10409: 10408: 10403: 10397: 10382: 10381: 10376: 10372: 10366: 10358: 10354: 10350: 10344: 10336: 10332: 10325: 10321: 10317: 10311: 10303: 10299: 10293: 10278: 10277: 10272: 10268: 10262: 10243: 10239: 10238: 10233: 10229: 10217: 10213: 10212: 10207: 10203: 10191: 10187: 10182: 10170: 10166: 10165:Business Live 10162: 10158: 10146: 10142: 10141: 10136: 10132: 10131: 10127: 10111: 10107: 10106: 10101: 10094: 10086: 10082: 10081: 10076: 10072: 10066: 10050: 10046: 10045: 10040: 10033: 10017: 10013: 10012: 10007: 10000: 9984: 9980: 9979: 9974: 9967: 9951: 9947: 9946: 9941: 9934: 9918: 9914: 9913: 9908: 9902: 9886: 9882: 9881: 9876: 9869: 9850: 9843: 9837: 9835: 9818: 9814: 9813: 9807: 9799: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9768: 9766: 9749: 9745: 9744: 9739: 9732: 9730: 9713: 9709: 9708: 9703: 9696: 9694: 9677: 9673: 9672: 9667: 9661: 9645: 9641: 9640: 9635: 9629: 9621: 9617: 9616: 9611: 9604: 9588: 9584: 9583:Radio Tamazuj 9580: 9574: 9558: 9554: 9553:Radio Tamazuj 9550: 9544: 9528: 9524: 9523:Radio Tamazuj 9520: 9514: 9498: 9494: 9490: 9484: 9468: 9464: 9460: 9454: 9438: 9434: 9433: 9428: 9422: 9406: 9402: 9401: 9396: 9389: 9373: 9369: 9368: 9363: 9357: 9349: 9345: 9344: 9337: 9321: 9317: 9313: 9307: 9291: 9287: 9286: 9281: 9275: 9259: 9255: 9251: 9245: 9243: 9226: 9222: 9221: 9216: 9209: 9207: 9205: 9188: 9184: 9183: 9178: 9172: 9156: 9152: 9151:Sudan Tribune 9148: 9142: 9126: 9122: 9121:Radio Tamazuj 9118: 9112: 9093: 9089: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9066: 9062: 9061: 9056: 9052: 9040: 9036: 9035: 9030: 9026: 9014: 9010: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8984: 8980: 8976: 8969: 8965: 8964: 8960: 8944: 8940: 8939: 8934: 8928: 8912: 8908: 8907: 8902: 8895: 8879: 8875: 8871: 8865: 8849: 8845: 8844: 8839: 8832: 8816: 8812: 8811: 8806: 8800: 8792: 8788: 8784: 8778: 8762: 8758: 8757: 8752: 8745: 8729: 8725: 8721: 8706: 8702: 8701: 8696: 8681: 8677: 8676: 8671: 8656: 8652: 8648: 8633: 8629: 8628: 8623: 8608: 8604: 8603: 8598: 8583: 8579: 8578: 8573: 8566: 8550: 8546: 8545: 8540: 8533: 8517: 8513: 8509: 8503: 8487: 8483: 8482: 8477: 8470: 8454: 8450: 8449: 8444: 8437: 8421: 8417: 8416: 8411: 8405: 8386: 8382: 8381: 8373: 8367: 8351: 8347: 8346: 8341: 8334: 8318: 8314: 8310: 8309: 8304: 8298: 8282: 8278: 8272: 8264: 8260: 8259: 8254: 8248: 8240: 8236: 8235: 8230: 8223: 8207: 8203: 8202: 8197: 8190: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8160: 8144: 8140: 8139: 8134: 8128: 8126: 8117: 8113: 8112: 8107: 8101: 8095: 8079: 8075: 8074: 8069: 8063: 8047: 8043: 8042: 8037: 8031: 8023: 8019: 8013: 7994: 7987: 7981: 7965: 7961: 7960: 7955: 7949: 7943: 7927: 7923: 7922: 7921:National Post 7917: 7910: 7891: 7887: 7880: 7873: 7867: 7851: 7847: 7846: 7841: 7834: 7818: 7814: 7813: 7808: 7801: 7795: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7765: 7749: 7745: 7741: 7734: 7718: 7714: 7710: 7704: 7688: 7684: 7680: 7674: 7668: 7652: 7648: 7642: 7633: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7616: 7609: 7593: 7589: 7588: 7583: 7577: 7561: 7557: 7556: 7551: 7545: 7529: 7525: 7524: 7519: 7513: 7497: 7493: 7492: 7487: 7481: 7473: 7469: 7468: 7467:BuzzFeed News 7463: 7456: 7449: 7437: 7433: 7432: 7427: 7420: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7390: 7374: 7370: 7369: 7364: 7357: 7346: 7342: 7341: 7336: 7332: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7279: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7262: 7258: 7250: 7246: 7245: 7240: 7233: 7217: 7213: 7212: 7207: 7201: 7199: 7191: 7179: 7175: 7174: 7169: 7162: 7146: 7142: 7141: 7136: 7130: 7122: 7118: 7117: 7112: 7106: 7090: 7086: 7085: 7080: 7074: 7067: 7066:Williams 2012 7062: 7054: 7050: 7049: 7044: 7040: 7033: 7029: 7025: 7019: 7003: 6999: 6998: 6993: 6987: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6957: 6941: 6937: 6931: 6923: 6919: 6918: 6913: 6906: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6884: 6876: 6872: 6866: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6844: 6836: 6832: 6831: 6826: 6819: 6803: 6799: 6798: 6793: 6787: 6771: 6767: 6766: 6765:Novaya Gazeta 6761: 6755: 6746: 6742: 6736: 6720: 6708: 6707: 6699: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6670: 6662: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6635: 6616: 6612: 6605: 6599: 6580: 6576: 6569: 6563: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6533: 6518:on 4 May 2019 6517: 6513: 6512: 6507: 6501: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6470: 6454: 6450: 6449: 6444: 6438: 6422: 6418: 6417: 6412: 6405: 6389: 6385: 6384: 6379: 6372: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6342: 6326: 6322: 6321: 6316: 6310: 6294: 6290: 6289: 6284: 6277: 6261: 6257: 6256: 6251: 6244: 6228: 6224: 6223: 6218: 6212: 6196: 6192: 6191: 6186: 6180: 6164: 6160: 6159: 6153: 6145: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6120: 6115: 6109: 6093: 6089: 6088: 6083: 6077: 6061: 6057: 6051: 6035: 6031: 6030: 6025: 6019: 6003: 5999: 5998: 5993: 5987: 5971: 5967: 5966: 5961: 5955: 5939: 5935: 5934: 5929: 5923: 5907: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5891: 5875: 5871: 5865: 5849: 5845: 5844: 5839: 5833: 5814: 5810: 5803: 5797: 5795: 5778: 5774: 5773: 5768: 5762: 5746: 5742: 5740: 5735: 5729: 5711: 5707: 5706: 5701: 5697: 5685: 5681: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5668: 5657: 5653: 5652: 5647: 5640: 5622: 5618: 5616: 5611: 5607: 5606: 5595: 5591: 5590: 5585: 5578: 5560: 5556: 5555: 5550: 5546: 5545: 5534: 5530: 5529: 5524: 5518: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5488: 5470: 5466: 5465: 5460: 5456: 5455: 5444: 5440: 5439: 5434: 5426: 5410: 5406: 5405: 5400: 5393: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5370: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5339: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5299: 5295: 5294: 5289: 5283: 5267: 5263: 5262: 5257: 5250: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5220: 5201: 5197: 5190: 5189: 5182: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5151: 5137: 5133: 5126: 5119: 5112: 5107: 5100: 5095: 5088: 5083: 5076: 5071: 5064: 5059: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5032: 5024: 5016: 5010: 5006: 5002: 5001: 4996: 4989: 4987: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4955: 4947: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4932: 4927: 4926:Straus, Scott 4921: 4910: 4906: 4904:0-521-78262-7 4900: 4896: 4889: 4888: 4883: 4877: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4853: 4844: 4840: 4839: 4834: 4828: 4826: 4821: 4807: 4806:African Union 4803: 4797: 4787: 4775: 4771: 4770: 4765: 4761: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4736: 4725:on 4 May 2023 4724: 4720: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4697: 4693: 4692: 4687: 4683: 4671: 4667: 4666: 4661: 4657: 4654: 4642: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4628: 4627: 4622: 4616: 4611: 4605: 4600: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4541: 4537: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4389:Ethnocentrism 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4320: 4315: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4288: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4261: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4217:Yugoslav Wars 4214: 4210: 4206: 4205: 4201:, writing in 4200: 4196: 4192: 4183: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4162:2014 Gaza War 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4073:Gaza genocide 4064: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3975: 3973: 3969: 3968: 3963: 3959: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3917: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3898: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3880: 3878: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3793: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3709:extermination 3706: 3702: 3698: 3693: 3691: 3690:Tigray Region 3687: 3678: 3670: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3647: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3623: 3621: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3563: 3561: 3556: 3552: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3489:Islamic State 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3469:death threats 3466: 3462: 3458: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3429: 3428:Islamic State 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3314: 3310: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3277: 3275: 3274:Rakhine state 3271: 3267: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3242: 3238: 3237:Rex Tillerson 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3210: 3208: 3204: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3191:Rakhine State 3188: 3184: 3179: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3105: 3095: 3093: 3092:Ethan Gutmann 3088: 3084: 3079: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3059:contraception 3056: 3052: 3048: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3008:the Holocaust 3005: 3001: 3000:legal process 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2822:Western Sudan 2819: 2815: 2811: 2805: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2784: 2781:to recognize 2780: 2776: 2772: 2769:(1998–2003), 2768: 2758: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2742: 2738: 2723: 2721: 2717: 2712: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2691:Boris Yeltsin 2688: 2684: 2680: 2671: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2564: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2462: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2361:Joseph Stalin 2358: 2354: 2349: 2346: 2342: 2336: 2326: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2284: 2272: 2267: 2265: 2260: 2258: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2249: 2239: 2236: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2216:Social stigma 2214: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1981: 1980: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1894: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1850: 1849: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1823:State atheism 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1788: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1760: 1759:Jim Crow laws 1757: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1744:One-drop rule 1742: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1659:Blood quantum 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1637: 1636: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1600:Victimisation 1598: 1596: 1595:Trans bashing 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1565:Religious war 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1545:Racialization 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1416:Glass ceiling 1414: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1359:Ethnic hatred 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1294:Counter-jihad 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1240: 1239: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1069:United States 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 951: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 933: 932:United States 930: 928: 925: 923: 920: 919: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 884: 878: 872: 871: 861: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 846: 845:Protestantism 843: 841: 838: 834: 831: 830: 829: 826: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 796: 795: 792: 791: 790: 787: 783: 780: 778: 775: 774: 773: 770: 768: 765: 761: 758: 756: 755:LDS or Mormon 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 737: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 717: 711: 706: 705: 695: 692: 690: 687: 683: 680: 678: 677:Transmisogyny 675: 673: 670: 669: 668: 665: 661: 658: 656: 653: 652: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 580:Gerontophobia 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 510:Anti-intersex 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 485:Anti-albinism 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 467: 458: 457: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 415: 412: 410: 407: 406: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 346: 337: 336: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 310:Institutional 308: 307: 298: 297: 293: 289: 288: 285: 282: 281: 277: 273: 272: 262: 257: 255: 250: 248: 243: 242: 240: 239: 236: 233: 232: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 204: 203: 202: 201: 197: 196: 189: 186: 184: 181: 180: 179: 176: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 158: 156: 152: 149: 148: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 118: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 87: 84: 82: 79: 78: 77: 76: 72: 71: 67: 63: 62: 59: 53: 52: 48: 44: 43: 40: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 18076:21st century 17968:21st century 17925:Ratko MladiΔ‡ 17849:20th century 17792:Belzec trial 17556:Genocide law 17416:Death squads 17326:Mass killing 17236:Autogenocide 17120:21st century 17119: 16883:1946 to 1999 16755:(1935–1945) 16713:Libyan Arabs 16578:1913 to 1945 16239:1490 to 1913 15834:Gender-blind 15721:Human rights 15549:Racial quota 15536: 15516:Jewish quota 15496:Gerontocracy 15491:Gender roles 15469:Disabilities 15454:Blood purity 15426:Wife selling 15416:White flight 15396:Slut-shaming 15376:Scapegoating 15294:Murder music 14967:Palestinians 14910:Anti-Zionism 14778:South Africa 14763:Black people 14741:South Africa 14557:Christianity 14547:BahΓ‘ΚΌΓ­ Faith 14475:Sectarianism 14415:Heterosexism 14380:Ephebiphobia 14350:Anti-Masonry 14217:Hair texture 14091: 14078: 14050: 14044: 14036:Google Books 14034:– via 14016: 14004:, retrieved 13997:the original 13984: 13963: 13959: 13956:Tan, Mely G. 13948: 13929: 13900: 13894: 13857: 13851: 13843:Google Books 13841:– via 13827: 13818:Google Books 13816:– via 13798: 13789:Google Books 13787:– via 13773: 13761:Google Books 13759:– via 13741: 13727: 13719:Google Books 13717:– via 13699: 13674: 13650: 13621: 13610: 13602: 13578: 13567: 13550: 13540: 13507: 13501: 13493:Google Books 13491:– via 13474: 13463:Levene, Mark 13455:Google Books 13453:– via 13435: 13431:Levene, Mark 13423:the original 13418: 13406:Google Books 13404:– via 13390: 13366: 13341: 13328:the original 13307: 13301: 13291:Kiernan, Ben 13267: 13255:Google Books 13253:– via 13235: 13226:the original 13203:(4): 59–79. 13200: 13196: 13188:Google Books 13186:– via 13168: 13157:. New York: 13154: 13146:Google Books 13144:– via 13126: 13102: 13094:Google Books 13092:– via 13074: 13053:. New York: 13048: 13037:Google Books 13035:– via 13017: 12990: 12982:Google Books 12980:– via 12963: 12937: 12920: 12914: 12877: 12871: 12857:20 September 12855:. Retrieved 12851:the original 12846: 12828:the original 12815: 12791: 12781: 12768: 12756:the original 12751: 12739:Google Books 12737:– via 12719: 12675: 12638: 12632: 12607: 12603: 12575: 12555: 12524: 12495: 12489: 12478:Google Books 12476:– via 12458: 12430: 12426:Kiernan, Ben 12398: 12374:. Retrieved 12363: 12335:. Retrieved 12324: 12299:. Retrieved 12285: 12272: 12260:. Retrieved 12251:The Guardian 12249: 12242:Alton, David 12234:Clark, Helen 12217:the original 12210: 12200: 12192:the original 12185: 12176: 12152: 12118: 12115:Shaw, Martin 12103:. Retrieved 12099:the original 12092: 12068: 12053:the original 12048: 12041:Neier, Aryeh 12033:the original 12010: 12000:Levene, Mark 11988:. Retrieved 11984:the original 11977: 11961:. Retrieved 11957:the original 11952:The Guardian 11950: 11943:Omer, Bartov 11934: 11925: 11922:the original 11917: 11908: 11885: 11876: 11868:the original 11841: 11823: 11811:. Retrieved 11802: 11792: 11784: 11779:22 September 11777:. Retrieved 11766: 11757: 11747:22 September 11745:. Retrieved 11734: 11725: 11715:22 September 11713:. Retrieved 11702: 11693: 11684: 11679:19 September 11677:. Retrieved 11663: 11638:22 September 11636:. Retrieved 11625: 11616: 11604:. Retrieved 11600:the original 11593: 11583: 11571:. Retrieved 11567:the original 11562:The Guardian 11560: 11550: 11538:. Retrieved 11532: 11522: 11510:. Retrieved 11497: 11484: 11476:the original 11468: 11458: 11446:. Retrieved 11439: 11430: 11418:. Retrieved 11404: 11394: 11367: 11361: 11351: 11326: 11322: 11313: 11288: 11282: 11273: 11238: 11232: 11215: 11200: 11190: 11182: 11172: 11160: 11148:. Retrieved 11137: 11112:. 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Index

Genocides in history
Genocides in history (before World War I)
Genocides in history (World War I through World War II)
Genocides in history (1946 to 1999)
a series
Genocide


List of genocides
Genocides in history
Effects on youth
Denial
Massacre
Rape
Incitement
Colonialism
War
Perpetrators, victims, and bystanders
Prevention
Psychology
Recognition politics
Risk factors
Stages
Anti-Indigenous
Cultural
Utilitarian
Studies
Outline
Bibliography
Compulsory sterilization
Democide

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

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