182:
317:
224:
201:
261:
725:
37:
630:, you will have to work here for the welfare of a new Europe. How you tackle this task is entirely up to you. The chance is there for every one of you. We shall look after your health, and we shall also offer you well-paid work. After the war we shall assess everyone according to his merits and treat him accordingly.
633:
Now, would you please all get undressed. Hang your clothes on the hooks we have provided and please remember your number . When you've had your bath there will be a bowl of soup and coffee or tea for all. Oh yes, before I forget, after your bath, please have ready your certificates, diplomas, school
556:
In connection with the gassings I described in my diary dated 12.10.1942, I declare that on that day about 1,600 Dutch were gassed. This is an approximate figure, which I stated as a result of what I had heard from others. The action was led SS officer Hößler. I remember that he tried to drive the
743:. There he directly shot prisoners until the liberation of the camp, crimes for which he would be eventually arrested and tried. On 15 April 1945, Hößler was found hiding among the prisoners in camouflaged clothing and was detained with the remaining SS staff by a unit of the
557:
whole group into a single bunker. This he achieved up to a last man who could not be crammed further into the bunker. Hoßler shot this man with a revolver. This is the reason why I wrote in the diary: "Gruesome scene before the last bunker! (Hößler!)".
1086:, Verlag Staatliches Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau, Oswiecim 1999, 5 Bände: I. Aufbau und Struktur des Lagers. II. Die Häftlinge – Existentzbedingungen, Arbeit und Tod. III. Vernichtung. IV. Widerstand. V. Epilog.,
318:
494:, participated in killing 168 survivors of a failed uprising in the punishment section of Auschwitz I. For a few months during 1942 he was also responsible for the construction of a holiday resort for the
1474:
1785:
626:
On behalf of the camp administration I bid you welcome. This is not a holiday resort but a labor camp. Just as our soldiers risk their lives at the front to gain victory for the
3350:
2594:
1214:
551:, SS camp doctor from 30 August to 17 November 1942, recorded a transport of 1,703 Dutch Jews to the main camp managed by Hoßler. The incident was described in his diary:
2951:
582:" prison women, with the prospect of better food and care, for a newly opened camp brothel at the Auschwitz I main camp. He was then promoted to the senior role of
2986:
2941:
2981:
2976:
2961:
2966:
2971:
2946:
2704:
1778:
3453:
3204:
459:
3428:
2915:
1255:
1207:
1771:
1345:
2910:
3423:
810:
Aleksander Lasik: "Die
Organisationsstruktur des KL Auschwitz" in: Aleksander Lasik, Franciszek Piper, Piotr Setkiewicz, Irena Strzelecka (eds):
533:
2920:
3247:
2925:
680:
in June 1944, he returned to the
Auschwitz main camp where he was Protective Custody Camp Leader until its final evacuation in January 1945.
3433:
3383:
3000:
1200:
524:
exhumed 107,000 corpses from mass graves around
Auschwitz I in order to burn them in the new Auschwitz II crematoria. The prisoners of the
3463:
3232:
1058:
Law reports of trials of war criminals, selected and prepared by the United
Nations War Crimes Commission. – Volume II, The Belsen Trial
2589:
3448:
3388:
2956:
2697:
1439:
3197:
1591:
704:
took over the Dora portion of the complex and Hößler was again made a
Protective Custody Camp Leader. On 5 April 1945, as American
3438:
3322:
2619:
1377:
547:
At the same time Hößler worked as before in the old crematorium at the main camp
Auschwitz I, including gassings in the bunkers.
2651:
708:
closed in on
Mittelbau-Dora, Hößler led a forced evacuation of prisoners to the railhead for transfer to the still-functioning
2544:
3443:
3055:
2549:
1179:
1121:
3252:
2735:
2690:
1338:
1065:
705:
3190:
1750:
1499:
517:
in 1942, Hößler took on various commands there. From
September to November 1942, a brigade composed of prisoners called
3458:
3373:
2730:
1429:
1165:
1186:
1024:
1150:
1106:
1091:
969:
3468:
2791:
2281:
1136:
770:
Hössler was sentenced to death by hanging on 17 November 1945, and the sentence was carried out by
British hangman
736:
729:
709:
478:) at the camp in early 1941. On 28 July 1941, Hößler accompanied a shipment of 575 selected Auschwitz I inmates to
354:
287:
747:. The SS detainees were then forced to bury thousands of corpses lying around on the camp grounds in mass graves.
3335:
1331:
1174:
Companion volume to the permanent exhibition at the Dora concentration camp memorial, Wallstein, Göttingen, 2007
1529:
995:
621:
Hößler's speech given to trick a group of Greek Jews in the undressing room at the portals of the gas chambers:
602:
3308:
2663:
2639:
1434:
3473:
2786:
634:
reports and any other documents so that we can employ everybody according to his or her training and ability.
3330:
3140:
479:
1659:
1382:
3478:
2796:
1409:
693:
455:
346:
2781:
3365:
2631:
1509:
1464:
1454:
1444:
1387:
2376:
1878:
1494:
3277:
3219:
3160:
3101:
2755:
2659:
2599:
2182:
1745:
1459:
1404:
1285:
537:
3262:
3050:
2635:
2326:
2271:
1740:
1469:
1449:
1399:
1305:
1260:
713:
677:
435:
1056:
528:
were then almost invariably murdered after the action. To conduct this disposal, Hößler, along with
3377:
3081:
2643:
1524:
1421:
1360:
1310:
1295:
1275:
1265:
1250:
1245:
1003:
United States Army
Investigation and Trial Records of War Criminals (27 April 1945 – June 11, 1958à
886:
381:
Hößler was born in 1906 in Oberdorf a village in the municipialty of Martinszell im Allgäu, in the
311:
2473:
1084:
Auschwitz 1940–1945. Studien zur Geschichte des Konzentrations- und Vernichtungslagers Auschwitz.
584:
341:
274:
3091:
3020:
2745:
2579:
1704:
1300:
1290:
1280:
1270:
1223:
87:
812:
Auschwitz 1940–1945. Studien zur Geschichte des Konzentrations und Vernichtungslagers Auschwitz.
264:
2801:
2351:
2266:
764:
3340:
2760:
1614:
836:
3418:
3413:
2817:
2528:
2413:
2049:
1974:
1918:
390:
98:
2655:
2493:
1514:
8:
3355:
3227:
2867:
2827:
2276:
2099:
1638:
1539:
701:
673:
2877:
1669:
1644:
1604:
3096:
3065:
2852:
2604:
2152:
2089:
2019:
2009:
1928:
1609:
1393:
1369:
771:
589:
514:
510:
156:
3145:
2857:
2428:
2366:
1649:
1192:
647:
426:
335:
231:
223:
3120:
2822:
2498:
2225:
2190:
2142:
1984:
1923:
1175:
1161:
1146:
1132:
1117:
1102:
1087:
965:
637:
Would diabetics who are not allowed sugar report to staff on duty after their baths.
439:
3345:
3030:
2847:
2842:
1848:
763:. The trial lasted several weeks from September to November 1945. During the trial,
3282:
2887:
2837:
2627:
2448:
2306:
2094:
2084:
2059:
1943:
1933:
1908:
1858:
1699:
1571:
1534:
1519:
406:
2286:
2256:
1863:
1694:
1629:
1599:
1581:
656:
For a short time between 15 March to 15 May 1944, Hößler was also camp commander (
462:. He managed the camp kitchens and was occasionally used as a subcamp supervisor (
438:
in July 1933, he became the first member of the guard staff and worked later as a
3303:
3298:
3155:
3086:
3035:
3015:
2776:
2583:
2513:
2443:
2381:
2371:
2311:
2246:
2114:
2024:
1913:
1898:
1883:
1843:
1709:
1561:
957:
914:
657:
570:
529:
471:
463:
3025:
2356:
1938:
1818:
1793:
1674:
606:
3045:
3040:
2872:
2740:
2647:
2569:
2523:
2438:
2336:
2297:
2220:
2079:
2064:
2039:
1979:
1868:
1853:
1833:
1823:
1684:
1576:
697:
594:
519:
350:
238:
79:
2261:
2069:
2029:
1634:
1504:
3407:
3242:
3060:
2832:
2573:
2508:
2503:
2488:
2458:
2453:
2423:
2361:
2316:
2230:
2215:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2167:
2157:
2137:
2109:
1999:
1969:
1888:
1873:
1828:
1719:
1689:
1664:
1654:
1624:
1619:
1555:
1237:
562:
548:
386:
204:
61:
2463:
200:
3150:
2862:
2669:
2609:
2518:
2483:
2478:
2346:
2331:
2172:
2104:
2074:
2044:
1994:
1964:
1959:
1813:
1714:
1679:
1566:
756:
744:
740:
669:
491:
483:
443:
394:
382:
366:
358:
187:
146:
2004:
503:
2882:
2418:
2408:
2341:
2321:
2251:
2210:
2147:
2132:
2054:
2014:
1903:
1893:
627:
618:
601:. In this role he participated in selections and gassings. He succeeded
598:
541:
760:
361:. Captured by the Allies at the end of the war, Hößler was charged with
2468:
2433:
1989:
1838:
897:
578:
By the middle of 1943, Hößler became involved in recruiting so-called "
410:
402:
282:
260:
136:
130:
767:
testified that Hössler took part in selections for the gas chamber.
369:, found guilty, and sentenced to death. He was executed by hanging at
2725:
2162:
1735:
1114:
Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich: Wer war was vor und nach 1945.
614:
487:
431:
398:
362:
277:
2750:
2712:
996:"United States of America v. Kurt Andrae et al. (and Related Cases)"
499:
3165:
1029:
814:, Volume I, State Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau, Oświęcim 1999, p. 230.
689:
108:
36:
724:
665:
327:
83:
417:(member no. 41,940). Hößler was married and had three children.
3237:
1353:
775:
370:
122:
592:
women's camp in August 1943, which he directed together with
579:
243:
1794:
Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators
1158:
Das System der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager.
324:
902:
Das System der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager
454:
In June 1940, Hößler was transferred to the newly opened
3351:
International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz
3212:
1222:
1131:
Frankfurt am Main, Berlin Wien, Ullstein-Verlag, 1980,
643:
566:
495:
421:
414:
330:
248:
227:
735:
On 8 April 1945, Hößler arrived with his transport at
420:
During his time in the SS, Hößler rose to the rank of
413:
in early November 1932 (member no. 1,374,713) and the
1116:
Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2007.
540:on 16 September 1942 to observe tests conducted by
755:Hössler and 44 other camp staff were tried in the
442:. He served at Dachau until after the outbreak of
696:, the SS personnel at Auschwitz evacuated to the
3405:
2713:Resistance, victims, documentation and technical
676:camp complex in occupied France. Following the
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
3198:
2698:
1779:
1339:
1208:
1097:Staatliches Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau (ed.):
1082:Wacław Długoborski, Franciszek Piper (eds.):
486:program. In June 1942, Hößler, together with
3384:Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust
1172:Konzentrationslager Mittelbau-Dora 1943–1945
917:in: State Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau (eds.):
796:Konzentrationslager Mittelbau-Dora 1943–1945
323:; 4 February 1906 – 13 December 1945) was a
41:Franz Hößler in British custody, August 1945
3454:Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp personnel
1354:Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks
983:Produktion des Todes: Das KZ Mittelbau-Dora
855:
750:
480:the euthanasia center at Sonnenstein Castle
3429:Bergen-Belsen concentration camp personnel
3205:
3191:
2705:
2691:
1786:
1772:
1346:
1332:
1215:
1201:
1025:"Inferno und Befreiung – Auschwitz im Harz
870:State Museum of Auschwitz-Birkenau (ed.):
806:
804:
482:, where they were murdered as part of the
35:
887:Short biography of Hößler at ARC Mainpage
664:) of the Neckarelz concentration camp in
470:). He then became a Work Service Leader (
988:
937:
723:
700:concentration camp. Auschwitz commander
3309:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
1049:
1036:
1005:. National Archives and Records Service
930:State Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau (ed.):
801:
739:and became deputy camp commander under
3424:Auschwitz concentration camp personnel
3406:
3292:Polish, East German, and Soviet trials
2652:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions
975:
891:
842:
3186:
2686:
1767:
1327:
1196:
882:
880:
850:Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich
716:for the last stage of their journey.
310:
1066:United Nations War Crimes Commission
430:and became a reserve officer in the
3434:Dachau concentration camp personnel
3213:Aftermath, trials and commemoration
1224:Holocaust in German-occupied Poland
1189:at hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de
712:. The prisoners were then led on a
393:, he quit school early to become a
13:
3464:People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
3374:Polish Righteous Among the Nations
877:
14:
3490:
3056:Special Prosecution Book – Poland
947:, Frankfurt am Main, 1980, p. 455
852:, Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 263.
683:
434:. After the establishment of the
3449:Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
3233:Population transfers (1944–1946)
2282:Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg
964:, Random House, New York, 1981,
719:
710:Bergen-Belsen concentration camp
692:overran German positions on the
259:
222:
199:
180:
3336:Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
3248:Anti-Jewish violence, 1944–1946
1017:
950:
924:
759:by a British military court at
3439:Executed German mass murderers
2664:Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118
2640:36th Estonian Police Battalion
1099:Auschwitz in den Augen der SS.
907:
872:Auschwitz in den Augen der SS.
830:
827:Frankfurt am Main 1980, p. 516
817:
788:
513:was formally expanded into an
456:Auschwitz I concentration camp
1:
3331:Monument to the Ghetto Heroes
3161:Human medical experimentation
1076:
932:Auschwitz in den Augen der SS
919:Auschwitz in den Augen der SS
794:Jens-Christian Wagner (ed.):
781:
569:KZ-Arzt, in testimony at the
536:, had previously visited the
376:
3444:Executed people from Bavaria
1170:Jens-Christian Wagner (ed):
1160:Pendo Verlag, Hamburg 2002,
603:Paul Heinrich Theodor Müller
449:
409:of the 1930s. He joined the
7:
3366:Righteous Among the Nations
3253:Ministry of Public Security
2632:Belarusian Auxiliary Police
1242:Related articles by country
956:Peter Hellman, Lili Meier,
357:concentration camps during
10:
3495:
3278:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
2660:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
1143:Die Konzentrationslager-SS
1044:Die Konzentrationslager-SS
672:, a subcamp of the larger
538:Chelmno extermination camp
3459:People from Marktoberdorf
3364:
3321:
3291:
3270:
3261:
3218:
3182:
3133:
3113:
3074:
3051:Sobibor perpetrator album
3008:
2999:
2934:
2903:
2896:
2810:
2769:
2718:
2682:
2636:Estonian Auxiliary Police
2618:
2562:
2537:
2401:
2394:
2295:
2239:
2181:
2123:
1952:
1806:
1799:
1763:
1746:Human medical experiments
1728:
1590:
1548:
1487:
1420:
1368:
1359:
1323:
1319:
1230:
678:Allied invasion of France
436:Dachau concentration camp
293:
270:
255:
237:
218:
210:
193:
175:
170:
166:
162:
152:
142:
128:
118:
114:
104:
94:
68:
46:
34:
23:
3299:Auschwitz trial (Poland)
2644:Latvian Auxiliary Police
2377:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
1879:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
1046:, München 2004, p. 266f.
985:(Göttingen, 2001) p. 670
934:, Oświęcim 1998, p. 159.
798:, Göttingen 2007, p. 136
751:Conviction and execution
688:In January 1945, as the
3389:Garden of the Righteous
3141:Identification in camps
3134:Technical and logistics
2580:Order Police battalions
1023:Jens-Christian Wagner:
981:Jens-Christian Wagner,
921:, Oświęcim 1998, p. 79f
774:on 13 December 1945 at
312:[ˈfʁantsˈhœslɐ]
88:Allied-occupied Germany
2802:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
2267:Heinrich Klaustermeyer
1129:Menschen in Auschwitz.
904:, Hamburg 2002, p. 138
825:Menschen in Auschwitz.
732:
661:
639:
609:, one of the very few
559:
475:
467:
397:. Later employed as a
286:Schutzhaftlagerführer
281:Schutzhaftlagerführer
3469:Schutzhaftlagerführer
3341:Majdanek State Museum
2474:Karl-Friedrich Höcker
1378:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
1145:. dtv, München 2004,
945:Menschen in Auschwitz
727:
624:
613:members who survived
585:Schutzhaftlagerführer
554:
460:first mass transports
342:Schutzhaftlagerführer
275:Schutzhaftlagerführer
211:Years of service
2818:Mordechai Anielewicz
2529:Elisabeth Volkenrath
2414:Jenny-Wanda Barkmann
2050:Arthur Liebehenschel
1975:Hermine Braunsteiner
1919:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
1068:. 1947. p. 21f.
874:Oświęcim 1998, p.232
706:3rd Armored Division
265:SS-Totenkopfverbände
99:Execution by hanging
3479:Waffen-SS personnel
3356:March of the Living
3228:Holocaust survivors
3092:Vrba–Wetzler report
2868:Alexander Pechersky
2828:Mordechai Tenenbaum
2277:Alexander Palfinger
2100:Johann Schwarzhuber
1660:Międzyrzec Podlaski
1639:Lviv pogroms (1941)
1540:Sonderaktion Krakau
1185:Bernhard M. Hoppe:
962:The Auschwitz Album
674:Natzweiler-Struthof
605:in this capacity.
476:Arbeitsdienstführer
458:as it received the
367:Bergen-Belsen Trial
95:Cause of death
3474:SS-Obersturmführer
3271:West German trials
3066:Wannsee Conference
2853:Itzhak Katzenelson
2605:General Government
2090:Franz Reichleitner
2020:Fritz Hartjenstein
2010:Maximilian Grabner
1929:Bruno Streckenbach
1741:Grossaktion Warsaw
1394:Operation Reinhard
1127:Hermann Langbein:
943:Hermann Langbein:
823:Hermann Langbein:
772:Albert Pierrepoint
733:
590:Auschwitz-Birkenau
515:extermination camp
511:Auschwitz-Birkenau
347:Auschwitz-Birkenau
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3317:
3316:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3129:
3128:
3121:Sonderaktion 1005
2995:
2994:
2678:
2677:
2656:Ypatingasis būrys
2558:
2557:
2499:Johanna Langefeld
2494:Hildegard Lächert
2390:
2389:
2226:Alfred Trzebinski
2191:Franz von Bodmann
2143:Lorenz Hackenholt
1985:Theodor van Eupen
1924:Jakob Sporrenberg
1759:
1758:
1483:
1482:
1180:978-3-8353-0118-4
1122:978-3-596-16048-8
839:at www.dws-xip.pl
728:Franz Hössler at
502:, the so-called "
297:
296:
16:German SS officer
3486:
3283:Treblinka trials
3268:
3267:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3184:
3183:
3082:Graebe affidavit
3075:Witness accounts
3021:Frank memorandum
3006:
3005:
2901:
2900:
2888:Szmul Zygielbojm
2878:Frumka Płotnicka
2838:Leon Feldhendler
2823:Icchak Cukierman
2777:Ghetto uprisings
2707:
2700:
2693:
2684:
2683:
2628:Schutzmannschaft
2449:Feodor Fedorenko
2399:
2398:
2307:Wolfgang Birkner
2095:Heinrich Schwarz
2085:Josef Oberhauser
2060:Heinrich Matthes
1944:Dieter Wisliceny
1934:Richard Thomalla
1909:Heinz Reinefarth
1859:Heinrich Himmler
1804:
1803:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1729:Other atrocities
1366:
1365:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1053:
1047:
1040:
1034:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1000:
992:
986:
979:
973:
954:
948:
941:
935:
928:
922:
911:
905:
895:
889:
884:
875:
868:
853:
846:
840:
834:
828:
821:
815:
808:
799:
792:
652:
574:
407:Great Depression
322:
321:
320:
314:
309:
263:
226:
203:
195:
186:
184:
183:
153:Criminal penalty
133:
75:
72:13 December 1945
56:
54:
39:
21:
20:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3393:
3360:
3313:
3304:Stutthof trials
3287:
3257:
3214:
3211:
3170:
3156:Holocaust train
3125:
3109:
3097:Witold's Report
3087:Gerstein Report
3070:
3036:Katzmann Report
3016:Auschwitz Album
2991:
2930:
2892:
2858:Michał Klepfisz
2806:
2765:
2714:
2711:
2674:
2614:
2584:Ordnungspolizei
2554:
2533:
2514:Erich Muhsfeldt
2444:Margot Dreschel
2429:Alexander Bülow
2386:
2382:Udo von Woyrsch
2372:Hermann Schaper
2367:Emanuel Schäfer
2352:Josef Meisinger
2312:Helmut Bischoff
2291:
2247:Heinz Auerswald
2235:
2177:
2125:
2119:
2115:Christian Wirth
2025:Gottlieb Hering
1948:
1914:Julian Scherner
1899:Georg Michalsen
1884:Franz Kutschera
1844:Odilo Globocnik
1795:
1792:
1755:
1724:
1586:
1544:
1525:Kielce cemetery
1479:
1416:
1355:
1352:
1315:
1226:
1221:
1101:Oswiecim 1998,
1079:
1074:
1073:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1041:
1037:
1022:
1018:
1008:
1006:
998:
994:
993:
989:
980:
976:
958:Beate Klarsfeld
955:
951:
942:
938:
929:
925:
912:
908:
896:
892:
885:
878:
869:
856:
847:
843:
835:
831:
822:
818:
809:
802:
793:
789:
784:
753:
722:
686:
654:
648:Obersturmführer
641:
576:
571:Auschwitz trial
561:
452:
427:Obersturmführer
401:worker, he was
389:. The son of a
379:
336:Obersturmführer
316:
315:
307:
285:
280:
247:
232:Obersturmführer
181:
179:
171:Military career
129:
105:Criminal status
90:
77:
73:
64:
58:
57:4 February 1906
52:
50:
42:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3492:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3370:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3346:Sobibór Museum
3343:
3338:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3187:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3103:Sonderkommando
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3046:Posen speeches
3043:
3041:Korherr Report
3038:
3033:
3031:Höfle telegram
3028:
3023:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2873:Witold Pilecki
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2848:Henryk Iwański
2845:
2843:Paweł Frenkiel
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2687:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2648:Arajs Kommando
2624:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2577:
2570:Einsatzgruppen
2566:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2524:Alice Orlowski
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2439:John Demjanjuk
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2337:Gerhard Flesch
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2301:
2298:Einsatzgruppen
2293:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2240:Ghetto command
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2221:Horst Schumann
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2080:Johann Niemann
2077:
2072:
2067:
2065:Hermann Michel
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2040:Karl-Otto Koch
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1980:Irmfried Eberl
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1869:Fritz Katzmann
1866:
1861:
1856:
1854:Arthur Greiser
1851:
1849:Richard Glücks
1846:
1841:
1836:
1834:Ludwig Fischer
1831:
1826:
1824:Adolf Eichmann
1821:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1768:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1488:Mass shootings
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1475:Danzig-Matzkau
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1440:Kraków-Płaszów
1437:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1328:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1187:Mittelbau Dora
1183:
1168:
1166:3-85-842-450-1
1154:
1139:
1125:
1110:
1095:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1048:
1035:
1016:
987:
974:
949:
936:
923:
906:
890:
876:
854:
841:
829:
816:
800:
786:
785:
783:
780:
752:
749:
721:
718:
698:Mittelbau-Dora
685:
684:Dora-Mittelbau
682:
623:
611:Sonderkommando
595:Oberaufseherin
573:, 18 July 1947
553:
526:Sonderkommando
520:Sonderkommando
468:Kommandoführer
451:
448:
378:
375:
351:Dora-Mittelbau
295:
294:
291:
290:
272:
268:
267:
257:
253:
252:
241:
239:Service number
235:
234:
220:
216:
215:
212:
208:
207:
197:
191:
190:
177:
173:
172:
168:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
80:Hamelin Prison
78:
76:(aged 39)
70:
66:
65:
59:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3491:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3243:Kielce pogrom
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3196:
3194:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3061:Stroop Report
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3002:
3001:Documentation
2998:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2833:Marek Edelman
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:Organizations
2717:
2708:
2703:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2620:Collaboration
2617:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:Organizations
2561:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:Eduard Lorenz
2507:
2505:
2504:Anton Lechner
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2489:Josef Kollmer
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2459:Kurt Gerstein
2457:
2455:
2454:Hans Hoffmann
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2424:Juana Bormann
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:Erich Naumann
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2317:Lothar Beutel
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2287:Jürgen Stroop
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2257:Josef Blösche
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2231:Eduard Wirths
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2216:Josef Mengele
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:Horst Fischer
2204:
2202:
2201:Karl Gebhardt
2199:
2197:
2196:Carl Clauberg
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2168:Ludwig Plagge
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2158:Herbert Lange
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2138:Kurt Bolender
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2110:Gustav Wagner
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:Franz Hössler
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
2000:Karl Fritzsch
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1970:Wilhelm Boger
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1889:Erwin Lambert
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1874:Wilhelm Koppe
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:Hermann Höfle
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Theodor Eicke
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1530:Aktion Krakau
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:Bloody Sunday
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1422:Concentration
1419:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1370:Extermination
1367:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1238:The Holocaust
1236:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1151:3-423-34085-1
1148:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1107:83-85047-35-2
1104:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1092:83-85047-76-X
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1067:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1039:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1004:
997:
991:
984:
978:
971:
970:0-394-51932-9
967:
963:
959:
953:
946:
940:
933:
927:
920:
916:
913:Testimony of
910:
903:
899:
894:
888:
883:
881:
873:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
851:
845:
838:
833:
826:
820:
813:
807:
805:
797:
791:
787:
779:
777:
773:
768:
766:
762:
758:
748:
746:
742:
738:
737:Bergen-Belsen
731:
730:Bergen-Belsen
726:
720:Bergen-Belsen
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
694:Eastern Front
691:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:KZ-Kommandant
659:
653:
651:Franz Hössler
650:
649:
645:
638:
635:
631:
629:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
597:
596:
591:
587:
586:
581:
575:
572:
568:
564:
563:Johann Kremer
558:
552:
550:
549:Johann Kremer
545:
543:
539:
535:
534:Walter Dejaco
531:
527:
523:
521:
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
428:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:German Empire
384:
374:
372:
371:Hameln Prison
368:
365:in the First
364:
360:
356:
355:Bergen-Belsen
352:
348:
344:
343:
338:
337:
332:
329:
326:
319:
313:
305:
304:Franz Hössler
301:
292:
289:
288:Bergen-Belsen
284:
279:
276:
273:
269:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
242:
240:
236:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
206:
205:Schutzstaffel
202:
198:
192:
189:
178:
174:
169:
165:
161:
158:
155:
151:
148:
145:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:Conviction(s)
127:
124:
121:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
100:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
71:
67:
63:
62:German Empire
49:
45:
38:
33:
29:
25:Franz Hössler
22:
19:
3102:
3026:Höcker Album
3009:Nazi sources
2897:Victim lists
2863:Miles Lerman
2670:Trawniki men
2610:Hotel Polski
2519:Detlef Nebbe
2484:Oswald Kaduk
2479:Karl Jeschke
2357:Bruno Müller
2347:Felix Landau
2332:Ernst Damzog
2327:Karl Brunner
2296:
2272:Franz Konrad
2173:Adolf Theuer
2126:executioners
2105:Franz Stangl
2075:Robert Mulka
2045:Josef Kramer
2034:
1995:Karl Frenzel
1965:Richard Baer
1960:Hans Aumeier
1953:Camp command
1939:Otto Wächter
1819:Josef Bühler
1814:Viktor Brack
1800:Perpetrators
1392:
1234:Main article
1171:
1157:
1156:Karin Orth:
1142:
1141:Karin Orth:
1137:3-54833014-2
1128:
1113:
1112:Ernst Klee:
1098:
1083:
1057:
1051:
1043:
1042:Karin Orth:
1038:
1033:, Nr.4, 2005
1028:
1019:
1007:. Retrieved
1002:
990:
982:
977:
961:
952:
944:
939:
931:
926:
918:
909:
901:
893:
871:
849:
848:Ernst Klee:
844:
837:Franz Hößler
832:
824:
819:
811:
795:
790:
769:
765:Anita Lasker
757:Belsen Trial
754:
745:British Army
741:Josef Kramer
734:
702:Richard Baer
687:
655:
642:
640:
636:
632:
625:
610:
607:Filip Müller
593:
583:
577:
560:
555:
546:
525:
518:
508:
492:Hans Aumeier
484:Action 14f13
453:
444:World War II
425:
419:
395:photographer
383:Schwabenland
380:
359:World War II
340:
334:
303:
300:Franz Hößler
299:
298:
188:Nazi Germany
147:Belsen trial
74:(1945-12-13)
28:Franz Hößler
27:
18:
3419:1945 deaths
3414:1906 births
3146:Gas chamber
3114:Concealment
3105:photographs
2952:Gross-Rosen
2921:Lviv (Lwów)
2883:Roza Robota
2787:Częstochowa
2419:Herta Bothe
2409:Hans Anhalt
2402:Camp guards
2342:Ludwig Hahn
2322:Paul Blobel
2262:Franz Bürkl
2252:Hans Biebow
2211:Fritz Klein
2148:Josef Klehr
2133:Erich Bauer
2124:Gas chamber
2070:Karl Möckel
2055:Maria Mandl
2030:Rudolf Höss
2015:Otto Hantke
1904:Oswald Pohl
1894:Ernst Lerch
1705:Stanisławów
1615:Częstochowa
1505:Bronna Góra
1435:Gross-Rosen
1430:Auschwitz I
1009:18 February
714:death march
628:Third Reich
619:paraphrased
599:Maria Mandl
542:Paul Blobel
405:during the
246:#1,374,713
3408:Categories
2469:Irma Grese
2464:Paul Götze
2434:Luise Danz
2183:Physicians
1990:Kurt Franz
1839:Hans Frank
1807:Organizers
1751:Heidelager
1077:Literature
1064:. London:
915:Rudolf Höß
898:Karin Orth
782:References
530:Rudolf Höß
411:Nazi Party
403:unemployed
377:Early life
363:war crimes
283:Mittelwerk
176:Allegiance
137:War crimes
60:Oberdorf,
53:1906-02-04
3323:Memorials
3220:Aftermath
2987:Treblinka
2942:Auschwitz
2797:Treblinka
2782:Białystok
2770:Uprisings
2550:Treblinka
2395:Personnel
2163:Otto Moll
2153:Hans Koch
2005:Amon Göth
1736:Action T4
1700:Sosnowiec
1670:Nowy Sącz
1605:Białystok
1572:Szczuczyn
1520:Erntefest
1510:Bydgoszcz
1495:Białystok
1410:Treblinka
1286:Lithuania
615:Auschwitz
504:Solahütte
488:Otto Moll
450:Auschwitz
432:Waffen-SS
399:warehouse
373:in 1945.
278:Auschwitz
3166:Zyklon B
2982:Trawniki
2977:Stutthof
2962:Majdanek
1710:Tarnopol
1650:Lubartów
1562:Jedwabne
1465:Trawniki
1455:Stutthof
1445:Potulice
1388:Majdanek
1306:Slovakia
1030:Die Zeit
778:prison.
761:Lüneburg
690:Red Army
271:Commands
194:Service/
109:Executed
3151:Gas van
2967:Sobibór
2904:Ghettos
2811:Leaders
2792:Sobibor
2545:Sobibor
2538:By camp
1685:Siedlce
1592:Ghettos
1577:Tykocin
1549:Pogroms
1535:Palmiry
1460:Szebnie
1405:Sobibor
1383:Chełmno
1311:Ukraine
1296:Romania
1276:Germany
1266:Estonia
1261:Denmark
1256:Croatia
1251:Belgium
1246:Belarus
670:Germany
666:Mosbach
588:at the
391:foreman
385:of the
345:at the
308:German:
302:, also
251:#41,940
214:1933–45
84:Hamelin
3263:Trials
3238:Bricha
2972:Soldau
2957:Izbica
2947:Bełżec
2926:Warsaw
2911:Kraków
2751:Żegota
1720:Warsaw
1695:Słonim
1690:Sambor
1665:Mizocz
1655:Lublin
1630:Kraków
1625:Kielce
1620:Grodno
1600:Będzin
1582:Wąsosz
1558:(1946)
1556:Kielce
1470:Warsaw
1450:Soldau
1400:Belzec
1301:Russia
1291:Norway
1281:Latvia
1271:France
1178:
1164:
1149:
1135:
1120:
1105:
1090:
1027:, in:
972:p. 166
968:
960:(eds)
776:Hameln
658:German
522:Hößler
509:After
500:Żywiec
472:German
464:German
328:German
196:branch
185:
123:Nazism
119:Motive
2935:Camps
2595:RKFDV
1715:Wilno
1680:Radom
1675:Pińsk
1610:Brest
1515:Dynów
1361:Camps
1062:(PDF)
999:(PDF)
580:Aryan
244:NSDAP
157:Death
143:Trial
3378:List
2916:Łódź
2736:Bund
2600:VoMi
2590:WVHA
1645:Łódź
1635:Lwów
1567:Lviv
1176:ISBN
1162:ISBN
1147:ISBN
1133:ISBN
1118:ISBN
1103:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1011:2012
966:ISBN
532:and
490:and
440:cook
353:and
339:and
325:Nazi
256:Unit
219:Rank
69:Died
47:Born
2761:ŻZW
2756:ŻOB
2746:PKB
2731:AOB
506:".
498:in
3410::
2741:GL
2726:AK
2662:/
2658:,
2654:,
2650:,
2646:,
2642:,
2638:/
2634:,
2574:SS
1001:.
900::
879:^
857:^
803:^
668:,
660::
644:SS
617:,
567:SS
565:,
544:.
496:SS
474::
466::
446:.
422:SS
415:SS
349:,
331:SS
249:SS
228:SS
86:,
82:,
3380:)
3376:(
3206:e
3199:t
3192:v
2706:e
2699:t
2692:v
2666:)
2630:(
2586:)
2582:(
2576:)
2572:(
1787:e
1780:t
1773:v
1641:)
1637:(
1347:e
1340:t
1333:v
1216:e
1209:t
1202:v
1182:.
1153:.
1124:.
1109:.
1094:.
1013:.
646:-
424:-
333:-
306:(
230:-
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.