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604:. Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. By Georges Ubaghs, R. C. Moore, H. Wienberg Rasmussen, N. Gary Lane, Albert Breimer, H. L. Strimple, J. C. Brower, Russell M. Jeffords, James Sprinkle, R. E. Peck, D. B. Macurda, Jr., D. L. Meyer, Michel Roux, Hertha Sieverts-Doreck, R. O. Fay, and R. A. Robison. Boulder, CO and Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas and Geological Society of America.
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acts as an intermediate form linking the generalized anatomy of other early cladids with the distinctive anatomy of flexibles, and several studies have considered it to be ancestral to the rest of the group. Although flexibles never reached the same abundance or diversity as many other crinoid
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Three infrabasal plates (in contrast to the five found in other dicyclic crinoids). Two of these plates (the zygous plates) are the result of fusion, and are larger than the remaining (azygous) plate. The azygous infrabasal is almost always located under the C
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548:"New crinoids from the Baltic region (Estonia): fossil tip‐dating phylogenetics constrains the origin and Ordovician–Silurian diversification of the Flexibilia (Echinodermata)"
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Uniserial, inward-curling arms without pinnules. The branchials are broad and connected by a patelloid suture. Branching is variable though often isotomous (symmetrical).
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Numerous small interradial and interbrachial plates among larger components of the calyx. Anal plates form a tube or thin linear series above the posterior basal.
333:, though the monophyly of these orders has been called into question. The most recent discussion of Flexibilia taxonomy considers Taxocrinida to be
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254:. They exhibited a conserved body plan and consistent suite of characteristics throughout their long history. Previously considered a
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5 basal plates and 5 radial plates in the calyx. The radials typically form a straight surface for the arm bases.
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Wright, David F.; Ausich, William I.; Cole, Selina R.; Peter, Mark E.; Rhenberg, Elizabeth C. (2017).
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Low, flexible tegmen with large ambulacral and small interambulacral plates radiating from the mouth.
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with unclear affinities, later investigation determined that flexibles are well-nested within
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onwards. Flexible fossils are very rare in the
Ordovician (the most common taxa being
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groups, they remained a reliable component of crinoid faunas, particularly from the
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439:"Phylogenetic taxonomy and classification of the Crinoidea (Echinodermata)"
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appears to have been an interval of rapid diversification for the group.
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492:(Echinodermata) and implications for the origin of flexible crinoids"
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Moore, Raymond C. (1978). Moore, Raymond C.; Teichert, Curt (eds.).
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488:"Aberrations in the infrabasal circlet of the cladid crinoid genus
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Wright, David F.; Toom, Ursula (2017). Sevastopulo, George (ed.).
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Thick stem comprising thin, circular columnals without cirri.
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496:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
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325:. It is traditionally split into the orders
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601:Part T, Echinodermata 2, Crinoidea, vol. 2
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337:and ancestral to Sagenocrinida.
266:crinoids. The Ordovician cladid
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408:(Carboniferous, United States)
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776:Prehistoric echinoderm stubs
709:. You can help Knowledge by
509:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.03.002
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486:Peter, M. E. (2019-05-15).
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30:Middle Ordovician–Permian
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443:Journal of Paleontology
705:-related article is a
111:Onychocrinus ramulosus
16:Superorder of crinoids
761:Lopingian extinctions
668:Paleobiology Database
456:10.1017/jpa.2016.142
565:10.1111/pala.12324
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269:Cupulocrinus
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331:Taxocrinida
287:), but the
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172:Parvclass:
750:Categories
644:Flexibilia
417:References
391:, Indiana)
384:Taxocrinus
264:articulate
236:superorder
232:Flexibilia
189:Flexibilia
24:Flexibilia
766:Crinoidea
659:Q50822283
582:134049045
574:0031-0239
526:134102417
518:0031-0182
502:: 52–61.
465:0022-3360
240:Paleozoic
166:Crinoidea
142:Kingdom:
136:Eukaryota
653:Wikidata
473:13806992
275:Silurian
256:subclass
252:crinoids
152:Phylum:
146:Animalia
132:Domain:
703:crinoid
368:Indiana
341:Gallery
260:Cladida
248:Permian
202:Orders
176:Cladida
162:Class:
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196:, 1895
194:Zittel
673:94456
578:S2CID
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323:clade
234:is a
707:stub
616:OCLC
606:ISBN
570:ISSN
514:ISSN
461:ISSN
329:and
299:ray.
281:and
35:PreꞒ
560:doi
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246:to
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186:†
90:N
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60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:Ꞓ
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