424:
390:
465:
31:
103:
478:
224:
58:
80:
420:"waw-waw". Birders often distinguish the two species (in areas where their range overlaps) with the mnemonic aid "Just ask him if he is an American crow. If he says "no", he is a fish crow." referring to the fact that the most common call of the American crow is a distinct "caw caw", while that of the fish crow is a nasal "nyuh unh". The fish crow also has a single call sounding like "cahrrr".
448:. Coastal marshes and beaches, rivers, inland lakes and marshes, river banks, and the land immediately surrounding all are frequented. Fish crows are also found along many river systems inland for quite some distance, having expanded their range along rivers since the early 1900s. Since 2012, fish crows have rapidly expanded into
412:
Visual differentiation from the
American crow is extremely difficult and often inaccurate. Nonetheless, differences apart from size do exist. Fish crows tend to have more slender bills and feet. There may also be a small sharp hook at the end of the upper bill. Fish crows also appear as if they have
408:
The fish crow is superficially similar to the
American crow, but is smaller and has a silkier, smoother plumage by comparison. The upperparts have a blue or blue-green sheen, while the underparts have a more greenish tint to the black. The eyes are dark brown. The differences are often only really
404:
The fish crow is a small bird, with an average adult weight of 280–320 grams (9.9–11.3 oz) in males and 247–293 grams (8.7–10.3 oz) in females. The average male wingspan is similarly larger at 278–292 millimetres (10.9–11.5 in), compared to 264–277 millimetres (10.4–10.9 in) in
505:
The nest is usually built high in a tree and is often accompanied in nearby trees with other nests of the same species forming small, loose colonies. Usually, four or five eggs are laid. Pale blue-green in colour, they bear blotches of olive-brown. Fish crows build a new nest for each breeding
497:, other invertebrates, stranded fish, and live fish if the situation favors their capture, eggs and nestlings of birds, small reptiles, the fruits of many trees, peanuts, and grains, as well as human scraps where available.
409:
apparent between the two species when seen side by side or when heard calling. The bill is usually somewhat slimmer than the
American crow, but is only readily distinguishable if both species are seen together.
416:
The voice is the most outwardly differing characteristic for this species and other
American crow species. The call of the fish crow has been described as a nasal "ark-ark-ark" or a
485:
Food is taken mainly from the ground or shallow water where the bird hovers and plucks food items out of the water with its feet. The fish crow is omnivorous. It feeds on small
1068:
3571:
3556:
746:"Genetic divergences and intraspecific variation in corvids of the genus Corvus (Aves: Passeriformes: Corvidae) – a first survey based on museum specimens"
3561:
309:
also derives from Wilson, who ascribed the name to the crow's aquatic diet, as described to him by local fishermen. He distinguished the fish crow from
3409:
3461:
1153:
3541:
1192:
1093:
3373:
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than the
American crow. Survival rates of up to 45% have been reported for fish crows, compared with near zero for American crows.
3422:
1180:
910:
721:
3427:
711:
3546:
1219:
413:
shorter legs when walking. More dramatically, when calling, fish crows tend to hunch and fluff their throat feathers.
1132:
3566:
3466:
585:
271:
213:
423:
3360:
87:
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815:
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1371:
417:
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563:
3290:
2849:
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1610:
394:
2776:
1796:
1550:
744:
Haring, Elisabeth; Däubl, Barbara; Pinsker, Wilhelm; Kryukov, Alexey; Gamauf, Anita (August 2012).
102:
3453:
931:
1012:
Jorgenson, Joel P.; Panella, Melissa J.; Silcock, W.Ross; Stoner, Kristal J. (1 December 2009).
3505:
3414:
3298:
3201:
1739:
1601:
1502:
1212:
1097:
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2471:
1871:
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264:
197:
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1928:
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1480:
1471:
374:
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8:
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2175:
2079:
1973:
1919:
1712:
1628:
1541:
1422:
47:
540:
3146:
3128:
3101:
3083:
2528:
2501:
2353:
2229:
2025:
1880:
1862:
1592:
1568:
883:
685:
97:
39:
389:
3487:
3388:
3334:
2996:
2942:
2906:
2794:
2785:
2435:
2299:
2211:
2124:
2061:
2052:
1853:
1843:
1325:
1205:
1128:
906:
875:
789:
761:
717:
677:
639:
631:
1197:
617:
3518:
3092:
3014:
2951:
2882:
2767:
2408:
2344:
2115:
2034:
1440:
998:
937:
865:
783:
757:
623:
558:
3365:
3339:
1159:
1148:
986:
975:
3551:
3474:
3326:
2987:
2969:
2584:
2574:
2444:
2417:
1946:
1937:
1675:
1404:
1395:
1013:
519:
366:
464:
30:
3224:
3032:
2803:
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1955:
1684:
1449:
1362:
619:
American ornithology, or, The natural history of the birds of the United States
445:
351:
331:
3535:
3435:
3137:
3119:
2426:
2399:
2247:
2145:
2043:
1316:
1271:
879:
681:
549:
405:
females. The total body length is between 36–40 centimetres (14–16 in).
343:
318:
67:
62:
793:
788:. Vol. 13. Chicago, IL: Field Museum of Natural History. pp. 5–7.
627:
477:
3023:
2960:
2707:
2480:
2374:
2317:
2265:
2193:
2154:
2097:
2070:
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1413:
643:
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437:
358:
310:
941:
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3050:
2933:
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2812:
2716:
2537:
2326:
2308:
2274:
2256:
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1964:
1386:
1168:
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303:
268:
1164:
223:
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2745:
2698:
2689:
2453:
2238:
2184:
1699:
1353:
1265:
1259:
887:
820:) and its Mexican relatives: vocal cues to evolutionary relationships?"
713:
The Helm dictionary of scientific bird names : from aalge to zusii
689:
665:
622:. Vol. 5. Philadelphia, PA: Bradford and Inskeep. pp. 27–29.
486:
398:
378:
1031:
436:
This species occurs on the eastern seaboard of the United States from
381:
of the fish crow, but have since been recognized as distinct species.
3110:
3065:
3041:
3005:
2924:
2642:
2519:
2510:
2106:
1096:. Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management. Archived from
335:
154:
114:
3401:
3195:
870:
853:
3352:
3218:
2873:
2617:
2555:
1828:
1657:
1583:
1287:
1247:
1241:
1229:
507:
506:
attempt. A pair of fish crows were reported to have raised a young
441:
164:
134:
3285:
2565:
1761:
1343:
252:
635:
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2002:
1900:
1522:
1307:
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449:
326:
248:
174:
124:
3347:
1011:
354:
279:
1992:
1253:
976:
Cornell Lab of
Ornithology, Fish Crow – Physical Characters
785:
Catalogue of birds of the
Americas and the adjacent islands
750:
Journal of
Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research
532:
490:
324:
The fish crow's taxonomic relation to other species of the
144:
854:"Individual Variation in the Fish Crow, Corvus ossifragus"
2735:
2679:
1647:
743:
255:
habitats in the eastern and southeastern United States.
1156:
from the
Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Macaulay Library
538:
518:
This species appears to be somewhat more resistant to
1227:
377:
similarities to and were once considered conspecific
317:
by the former's diminutive size when compared to the
1014:"The Fish Crow (Corvus ossifragus) Reaches Nebraska"
564:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22705993A94045235.en
334:indicates that it is most closely related to the
3533:
2615:
1826:
905:. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
716:. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 119, 286.
444:, and west along the northern coastline of the
3572:Taxa named by Alexander Wilson (ornithologist)
3557:Native birds of the Southeastern United States
1127:. Queensland University Press, St Lucia, Qld.
1787:
1213:
987:Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Fish Crow – Voice
1063:
1061:
1149:Differences between American and Fish Crows
431:
302:, meaning "to break". The English-language
3562:Endemic birds of the Eastern United States
1305:
1220:
1206:
1165:Citizen science observations for Fish crow
1122:
936:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
578:
222:
78:
56:
29:
1058:
962:
960:
958:
930:)". In Poole, A. F.; Gill, F. B. (eds.).
869:
562:
290:means "bone-breaker". It is derived from
258:
2640:
1851:
1160:Page from The Cornell Lab of Ornithology
900:
781:
666:"Alexander Wilson. VI: His Nomenclature"
611:
609:
476:
463:
422:
388:
925:
709:
3534:
2563:
1049:
955:
926:McGowan, Kevin J. (2020). "Fish Crow (
851:
615:
330:genus is still poorly understood, but
3200:
3199:
2614:
2000:
1825:
1284:
1201:
813:
663:
606:
903:The Biosystematics of American Crows
427:Blue-green sheen visible on feathers
350:), with the three species forming a
274:in 1812, in the fifth volume of his
3542:IUCN Red List least concern species
1908:
1285:
550:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1116:
452:, with breeding populations along
14:
3583:
1142:
762:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2012.00664.x
101:
1086:
1024:
1005:
991:
980:
969:
919:
894:
539:BirdLife International (2016).
513:
845:
807:
775:
737:
703:
657:
384:
1:
1372:Black racket-tailed treepie (
1186:
1174:
1032:"Ontario Breeding Bird Atlas"
782:Hellmayr, Charles E. (1934).
525:
814:Hardy, John William (1990).
263:The fish crow was given its
7:
2850:White-throated Magpie-jay (
2841:Black-throated magpie-jay (
1611:Yellow-billed blue magpie (
901:Johnston, David W. (1961).
500:
459:
10:
3588:
3547:NatureServe secure species
1551:Indochinese green magpie (
852:Baumel, Julian J. (1957).
710:Jobling, James A. (2010).
616:Wilson, Alexander (1812).
468:Fish crow while vocalizing
3208:
3159:
3063:
2895:
2862:
2825:
2743:
2733:
2687:
2677:
2631:
2627:
2610:
2554:
1990:
1897:
1842:
1838:
1821:
1778:
1752:
1697:
1655:
1645:
1581:
1530:
1519:
1493:
1462:
1384:
1351:
1342:
1298:
1294:
1280:
1236:
1228:Extant species of family
395:Cape May Point State Park
230:
221:
203:
196:
98:Scientific classification
96:
76:
54:
45:
37:
28:
23:
1602:Red-billed blue magpie (
1503:Ratchet-tailed treepie (
827:Florida Field Naturalist
664:Burns, Frank L. (1909).
557:: e.T22705993A94045235.
432:Distribution and habitat
3567:Birds described in 1812
2777:Woodhouse's scrub jay (
2472:Hispaniolan palm crow (
1797:Stresemann's bushcrow (
1620:Sri Lanka blue magpie (
1432:White-bellied treepie (
628:10.5962/bhl.title.97204
481:Fish crow eating an egg
472:
278:. The binomial is from
3075:Silvery-throated jay (
2759:California scrub jay (
2336:Eastern carrion crow (
1929:Yellow-billed magpie (
1731:Turkestan ground jay (
1722:Mongolian ground jay (
1560:Bornean green magpie (
1481:Bornean black magpie (
1472:Malayan black magpie (
1094:"West Nile and Ravens"
482:
469:
428:
401:
298:, meaning "bone", and
259:Taxonomy and etymology
3501:Paleobiology Database
2916:Purplish-backed jay (
2661:Azure-winged magpie (
2221:Eastern jungle crow (
2176:Slender-billed crow (
2080:New Caledonian crow (
1974:Black-rumped magpie (
1920:Black-billed magpie (
1713:Xinjiang ground jay (
1629:White-winged magpie (
1542:Common green magpie (
1423:Black-faced treepie (
942:10.2173/bow.fiscro.01
480:
467:
426:
392:
286:means "raven", while
3147:White-collared jay (
3129:Black-throated jay (
3102:White-throated jay (
3084:Black-collared jay (
2529:Thick-billed raven (
2502:White-necked raven (
2354:Brown-necked raven (
2230:Indian jungle crow (
1881:Kashmir nutcracker (
1872:Clark's nutcracker (
1863:Spotted nutcracker (
1740:Iranian ground jay (
1593:Taiwan blue magpie (
1569:Javan green magpie (
1036:www.birdsontario.org
1018:Nebraska Bird Review
510:for multiple weeks.
276:American Ornithology
2997:Bushy-crested jay (
2943:Plush-crested jay (
2907:Black-chested jay (
2795:Transvolcanic jay (
2786:Florida scrub jay (
2436:White-necked crow (
2300:Mesopotamian crow (
2212:Large-billed crow (
2125:White-billed crow (
2062:Bougainville crow (
2053:Brown-headed crow (
1326:Red-billed chough (
1123:Goodwin D. (1983).
1100:on 9 September 2014
670:The Wilson Bulletin
586:"Corvus ossifragus"
48:Conservation status
3093:Azure-hooded jay (
3015:White-tailed jay (
2952:Curl-crested jay (
2768:Island scrub jay (
2409:Chihuahuan raven (
2345:Fan-tailed raven (
2116:Long-billed crow (
2035:Australian raven (
1441:Sumatran treepie (
1125:Crows of the World
933:Birds of the World
483:
470:
429:
402:
315:great seaside crow
247:) is a species of
189:C. ossifragus
40:Red Hook, Brooklyn
3529:
3528:
3519:Corvus-ossifragus
3488:Open Tree of Life
3278:corvus-ossifragus
3265:Corvus_ossifragus
3240:Corvus ossifragus
3210:Corvus ossifragus
3202:Taxon identifiers
3193:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3180:
2988:Azure-naped jay (
2970:White-naped jay (
2729:
2728:
2673:
2672:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2550:
2549:
2445:Cuban palm crow (
2438:C. leucognaphalus
2418:Tamaulipas crow (
2402:C. brachyrhynchos
1986:
1985:
1947:Oriental magpie (
1938:Eurasian magpie (
1893:
1892:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1774:
1773:
1676:Lanceolated jay (
1641:
1640:
1604:U. erythrorhyncha
1515:
1514:
1405:Bornean treepie (
1396:Andaman treepie (
1338:
1337:
928:Corvus ossifragus
912:978-0-295-73724-9
818:Corvus ossifragus
723:978-1-4081-2501-4
543:Corvus ossifragus
244:Corvus ossifragus
235:
234:
207:Corvus ossifragus
91:
71:
3579:
3522:
3521:
3509:
3508:
3496:
3495:
3483:
3482:
3470:
3469:
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3456:
3444:
3443:
3431:
3430:
3418:
3417:
3405:
3404:
3392:
3391:
3382:
3381:
3369:
3368:
3356:
3355:
3343:
3342:
3330:
3329:
3320:
3319:
3307:
3306:
3294:
3293:
3291:43E56D2CAA66A6CA
3281:
3280:
3268:
3267:
3255:
3254:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3197:
3196:
3171:G. cyanocephalus
3033:Violaceous jay (
2999:C. melanocyaneus
2834:
2804:Unicolored jay (
2752:
2741:
2740:
2685:
2684:
2652:Iberian magpie (
2638:
2637:
2629:
2628:
2622:
2612:
2611:
2561:
2560:
2531:C. crassirostris
2498:
2494:Tropical African
2396:
2392:Central American
2371:
2296:
2214:C. macrorhynchos
2172:
2142:
2089:Torresian crow (
2055:C. fuscicapillus
2022:
1998:
1997:
1956:Maghreb magpie (
1906:
1905:
1883:N. multipunctata
1865:N. caryocatactes
1849:
1848:
1840:
1839:
1833:
1823:
1822:
1785:
1784:
1706:
1653:
1652:
1528:
1527:
1450:Rufous treepie (
1363:Hooded treepie (
1349:
1348:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1282:
1281:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1199:
1198:
1193:Fish crow series
1154:Fish Crow videos
1138:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1065:
1056:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1009:
1003:
1002:
995:
989:
984:
978:
973:
967:
964:
953:
952:
950:
948:
923:
917:
916:
898:
892:
891:
873:
849:
843:
842:
840:
838:
824:
816:"The Fish Crow (
811:
805:
804:
802:
800:
779:
773:
772:
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768:
741:
735:
734:
732:
730:
707:
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613:
604:
603:
601:
599:
582:
576:
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571:
566:
536:
272:Alexander Wilson
267:by the Scottish
251:associated with
231:Fish crow range
226:
209:
106:
105:
85:
82:
81:
65:
60:
59:
33:
21:
20:
3587:
3586:
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3578:
3577:
3576:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3525:
3517:
3512:
3504:
3499:
3491:
3486:
3478:
3475:Observation.org
3473:
3465:
3460:
3452:
3447:
3439:
3434:
3426:
3421:
3413:
3408:
3400:
3395:
3387:
3385:
3377:
3372:
3364:
3359:
3351:
3346:
3338:
3333:
3325:
3323:
3315:
3310:
3302:
3297:
3289:
3284:
3276:
3271:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3247:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3204:
3194:
3177:
3155:
3138:Turquoise jay (
3120:Beautiful jay (
3059:
3026:C. sanblasianus
2954:C. cristatellus
2891:
2883:Steller's jay (
2858:
2832:
2831:
2821:
2788:A. coerulescens
2750:
2749:
2725:
2719:P. internigrans
2669:
2633:
2623:
2620:
2594:
2585:Western jackdaw
2575:Daurian jackdaw
2546:
2491:
2481:Sinaloan crow (
2427:Jamaican crow (
2411:C. cryptoleucus
2400:American crow (
2385:
2364:
2285:
2248:Collared crow (
2223:C. levaillantii
2165:
2146:Hawaiian crow (
2135:
2082:C. moneduloides
2044:Bismarck crow (
2011:
1982:
1899:
1889:
1834:
1831:
1805:
1780:
1770:
1748:
1704:
1703:
1693:
1637:
1613:U. flavirostris
1577:
1521:
1511:
1489:
1458:
1380:
1334:
1317:Alpine chough (
1290:
1276:
1232:
1226:
1189:
1177:
1145:
1135:
1119:
1117:Further reading
1114:
1113:
1103:
1101:
1092:
1091:
1087:
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1067:
1066:
1059:
1054:
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1025:
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1006:
997:
996:
992:
985:
981:
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956:
946:
944:
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920:
913:
899:
895:
871:10.2307/4082030
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569:
567:
537:
533:
528:
520:West Nile virus
516:
503:
475:
462:
434:
387:
367:Tamaulipas crow
261:
217:
211:
205:
192:
100:
92:
83:
79:
72:
61:
57:
50:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
3585:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3510:
3497:
3484:
3471:
3458:
3445:
3432:
3419:
3406:
3393:
3383:
3370:
3357:
3344:
3331:
3321:
3308:
3295:
3282:
3269:
3256:
3245:
3230:
3214:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3165:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3149:C. viridicyana
3144:
3135:
3126:
3117:
3108:
3099:
3090:
3081:
3077:C. argentigula
3071:
3069:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3053:C. yucatanicus
3048:
3039:
3030:
3024:San Blas jay (
3021:
3012:
3003:
2994:
2985:
2976:
2967:
2961:Purplish jay (
2958:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2810:
2801:
2797:A. ultramarina
2792:
2783:
2779:A. woodhouseii
2774:
2765:
2761:A. californica
2755:
2753:
2738:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2714:
2708:Siberian jay (
2705:
2695:
2693:
2682:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2658:
2648:
2646:
2635:
2625:
2624:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2582:
2571:
2569:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2488:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2429:C. jamaicensis
2424:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2382:
2381:
2375:Common raven (
2372:
2361:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2333:
2324:
2318:Carrion crow (
2315:
2306:
2297:
2282:
2281:
2272:
2266:Banggai crow (
2263:
2254:
2245:
2236:
2227:
2218:
2209:
2200:
2194:Palawan crow (
2191:
2182:
2173:
2168:Tropical Asian
2162:
2161:
2155:Mariana crow (
2152:
2148:C. hawaiiensis
2143:
2138:Pacific island
2132:
2131:
2122:
2113:
2104:
2098:Forest raven (
2095:
2086:
2077:
2071:Little raven (
2068:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2008:
2006:
1995:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:P. bottanensis
1971:
1962:
1958:P. mauritanica
1953:
1944:
1935:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1903:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1846:
1836:
1835:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1799:Z. stresemanni
1793:
1791:
1789:Zavattariornis
1782:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1682:
1678:G. lanceolatus
1673:
1667:Eurasian jay (
1663:
1661:
1650:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1525:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1478:
1474:P. leucopterus
1468:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1447:
1443:D. occipitalis
1438:
1434:D. leucogastra
1429:
1420:
1414:Grey treepie (
1411:
1407:D. cinerascens
1402:
1392:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1328:P. pyrrhocorax
1323:
1313:
1311:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1181:Fish crow call
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1162:
1157:
1151:
1144:
1143:External links
1141:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1085:
1057:
1055:Goodwin, p. 93
1048:
1023:
1004:
999:"Fish Crow ID"
990:
979:
968:
966:Goodwin, p. 92
954:
918:
911:
893:
844:
806:
774:
756:(3): 230–246.
736:
722:
702:
676:(3): 132–151.
656:
605:
577:
530:
529:
527:
524:
515:
512:
502:
499:
474:
471:
461:
458:
446:Gulf of Mexico
433:
430:
386:
383:
348:C. jamaicensis
332:DNA sequencing
260:
257:
233:
232:
228:
227:
219:
218:
212:
201:
200:
194:
193:
186:
184:
180:
179:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
94:
93:
77:
74:
73:
55:
52:
51:
46:
43:
42:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3584:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3174:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3051:Yucatan jay (
3049:
3047:
3045:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3017:C. mystacalis
3013:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2972:C. cyanopogon
2968:
2966:
2964:
2963:C. cyanomelas
2959:
2957:
2955:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2934:Cayenne jay (
2932:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2833:(Magpie-Jays)
2830:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2815:A. wollweberi
2813:Mexican jay (
2811:
2809:
2807:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2717:Sichuan jay (
2715:
2713:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2701:P. canadensis
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2636:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2613:
2609:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2538:Somali crow (
2536:
2534:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2504:C. albicollis
2500:
2497:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2465:C. ossifragus
2461:
2459:
2457:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2356:C. ruficollis
2352:
2350:
2348:
2347:C. rhipidurus
2343:
2341:
2339:
2338:C. orientalis
2334:
2332:
2330:
2329:C. frugilegus
2325:
2323:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2309:Hooded crow (
2307:
2305:
2303:
2302:C. capellanus
2298:
2295:
2293:
2292:North African
2289:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:Violet crow (
2273:
2271:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2257:Piping crow (
2255:
2253:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2232:C. culminatus
2228:
2226:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2203:Flores crow (
2201:
2199:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2187:C. samarensis
2183:
2181:
2179:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2100:C. tasmanicus
2096:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2037:C. coronoides
2033:
2031:
2029:
2026:Little crow (
2024:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1965:Asir magpie (
1963:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1874:N. columbiana
1870:
1868:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1824:
1820:
1802:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1724:P. hendersoni
1720:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1705:(Ground jays)
1702:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1685:Lidth's jay (
1683:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1669:G. glandarius
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1631:U. whiteheadi
1627:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1571:C. thalassina
1567:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1272:Passeriformes
1269:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1136:
1134:0-7022-1015-3
1130:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1074:
1073:TheCornellLab
1070:
1064:
1062:
1052:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1000:
994:
988:
983:
977:
972:
963:
961:
959:
943:
939:
935:
934:
929:
922:
914:
908:
904:
897:
889:
885:
881:
877:
872:
867:
863:
859:
855:
848:
832:
828:
821:
819:
810:
795:
791:
787:
786:
778:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
740:
725:
719:
715:
714:
706:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
660:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
620:
612:
610:
594:
592:
587:
581:
565:
560:
556:
552:
551:
546:
544:
535:
531:
523:
521:
511:
509:
498:
496:
492:
488:
479:
466:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
425:
421:
419:
414:
410:
406:
400:
396:
391:
382:
380:
376:
375:morphological
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
353:
349:
345:
344:Jamaican crow
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:
322:
320:
319:American crow
316:
312:
308:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
270:
269:ornithologist
266:
265:binomial name
256:
254:
250:
246:
245:
240:
229:
225:
220:
215:
210:
208:
202:
199:
198:Binomial name
195:
191:
190:
185:
182:
181:
178:
177:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
155:Passeriformes
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
104:
99:
95:
89:
75:
69:
64:
63:Least Concern
53:
49:
44:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3209:
3170:
3169:Pinyon jay (
3160:
3148:
3139:
3130:
3121:
3112:
3104:C. mirabilis
3103:
3095:C. cucullata
3094:
3086:C. armillata
3085:
3076:
3064:
3052:
3043:
3035:C. violaceus
3034:
3025:
3016:
3007:
2998:
2990:C. heilprini
2989:
2980:
2979:Tufted jay (
2971:
2962:
2953:
2944:
2935:
2927:C. caeruleus
2926:
2917:
2908:
2896:
2884:
2875:
2863:
2851:
2842:
2826:
2814:
2805:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2770:A. insularis
2769:
2760:
2751:(Scrub jays)
2744:
2718:
2710:P. infaustus
2709:
2700:
2699:Canada jay (
2688:
2662:
2653:
2641:
2632:Azure-winged
2588:
2579:C. dauuricus
2578:
2564:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2493:
2492:
2482:
2473:
2464:
2462:
2455:
2454:Cuban crow (
2446:
2437:
2428:
2420:C. imparatus
2419:
2410:
2401:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2376:
2366:
2365:
2355:
2346:
2337:
2328:
2319:
2310:
2301:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2277:C. violaceus
2276:
2267:
2258:
2250:C. torquatus
2249:
2241:C. splendens
2240:
2239:House crow (
2231:
2222:
2213:
2205:C. florensis
2204:
2195:
2186:
2185:Small crow (
2177:
2167:
2166:
2156:
2147:
2137:
2136:
2127:C. woodfordi
2126:
2117:
2108:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2054:
2046:C. insularis
2045:
2036:
2027:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2001:
1975:
1967:P. asirensis
1966:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1909:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1852:
1798:
1788:
1779:Stresemann's
1763:
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1732:
1723:
1715:P. biddulphi
1714:
1698:
1686:
1677:
1668:
1656:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1594:
1582:
1570:
1561:
1553:C. hypoleuca
1552:
1544:C. chinensis
1543:
1531:
1504:
1494:
1483:P. aterrimus
1482:
1473:
1463:
1452:D. vagabunda
1451:
1442:
1433:
1425:D. frontalis
1424:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1365:C. cucullata
1364:
1352:
1327:
1318:
1306:
1264:Superorder:
1124:
1102:. Retrieved
1098:the original
1088:
1076:. Retrieved
1072:
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1035:
1026:
1017:
1007:
993:
982:
971:
945:. Retrieved
932:
927:
921:
902:
896:
864:(1): 73–78.
861:
857:
847:
835:. Retrieved
830:
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797:. Retrieved
784:
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753:
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712:
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673:
669:
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618:
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589:
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568:. Retrieved
554:
548:
542:
534:
517:
514:Conservation
504:
484:
454:Lake Ontario
438:Rhode Island
435:
415:
411:
407:
403:
371:C. imparatus
370:
362:
359:Sinaloa crow
347:
339:
325:
323:
314:
311:John Bartram
306:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
275:
262:
243:
242:
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236:
206:
204:
188:
187:
175:
18:
3449:NatureServe
3397:iNaturalist
3234:Wikispecies
3161:Gymnorhinus
3111:Dwarf jay (
3042:Green jay (
3006:Brown jay (
2945:C. chrysops
2925:Azure jay (
2918:C. beecheii
2885:C. stelleri
2876:C. cristata
2806:A. unicolor
2621:(continued)
2589:C. monedula
2522:C. capensis
2520:Cape crow (
2511:Pied crow (
2483:C. sinaloae
2474:C. palmarum
2463:Fish crow (
2268:C. unicolor
2196:C. pusillus
2107:Grey crow (
2028:C. bennetti
1931:P. nuttalli
1922:P. hudsonia
1844:Nutcrackers
1832:(continued)
1754:Ptilostomus
1595:U. caerulea
1562:C. jefferyi
1505:T. temnurus
1464:Platysmurus
1416:D. formosae
1387:Dendrocitta
1319:P. graculus
1308:Pyrrhocorax
1169:iNaturalist
1069:"Fish Crow"
1041:5 September
947:12 December
837:12 December
799:12 December
767:12 December
729:12 December
695:12 December
649:12 December
591:NatureServe
570:12 November
487:crustaceans
385:Description
363:C. sinaloae
340:C. palmarum
304:common name
88:NatureServe
3536:Categories
3514:Xeno-canto
3140:C. turcosa
3122:C. pulchra
2981:C. dickeyi
2936:C. cayanus
2909:C. affinis
2898:Cyanocorax
2874:Blue jay (
2865:Cyanocitta
2852:C. formosa
2843:C. colliei
2746:Aphelocoma
2734:New World
2690:Perisoreus
2540:C. edithae
2456:C. nasicus
2447:C. minutus
2259:C. typicus
2157:C. kubaryi
2118:C. validus
2109:C. tristis
2073:C. mellori
2018:Melanesian
2014:Australian
1949:P. sericea
1742:P. pleskei
1733:P. panderi
1646:Old World
1398:D. bayleyi
1354:Crypsirina
1266:Neognathae
1260:Neornithes
1258:Subclass:
1187:Image link
1175:Sound link
833:(4): 74–80
526:References
489:, such as
399:New Jersey
393:In flight
379:subspecies
342:) and the
288:ossifragus
24:Fish crow
3389:fish-crow
3131:C. pumilo
3066:Cyanolyca
2828:Calocitta
2663:C. cyanus
2643:Cyanopica
2367:Holarctic
2320:C. corone
2311:C. cornix
1898:Holarctic
1854:Nucifraga
1762:Piapiac (
1687:G. lidthi
1622:U. ornata
1240:Kingdom:
880:0004-8038
682:0043-5643
440:south to
336:palm crow
307:fish crow
239:fish crow
183:Species:
121:Kingdom:
115:Eukaryota
3454:2.101678
3441:22705993
3415:10195301
3304:22705993
3299:BirdLife
3225:Q1420315
3219:Wikidata
3008:C. morio
2654:C. cooki
2618:Corvidae
2556:Jackdaws
2513:C. albus
2377:C. corax
2288:Eurasian
2064:C. meeki
1829:Corvidae
1781:bushcrow
1658:Garrulus
1584:Urocissa
1520:Oriental
1495:Temnurus
1374:C. temia
1344:Treepies
1288:Corvidae
1248:Chordata
1246:Phylum:
1242:Animalia
1230:Corvidae
1104:28 April
794:13897940
636:11004314
593:Explorer
508:blue jay
501:Breeding
460:Behavior
442:Key West
352:Nearctic
300:frangere
165:Corvidae
161:Family:
135:Chordata
131:Phylum:
125:Animalia
111:Domain:
68:IUCN 3.1
3379:2482481
3286:Avibase
3113:C. nana
3044:C. ynca
2634:magpies
2616:Family
2566:Coloeus
2496:species
2394:species
2369:species
2294:species
2178:C. enca
2170:species
2140:species
2091:C. orru
2020:species
1940:P. pica
1901:magpies
1827:Family
1764:P. afer
1700:Podoces
1523:magpies
1299:Choughs
1286:Family
1270:Order:
1252:Class:
888:4082030
858:The Auk
690:4154253
644:4961598
598:18 July
495:shrimps
418:begging
373:) bear
253:wetland
171:Genus:
151:Order:
141:Class:
86: (
84:Secure
66: (
3552:Corvus
3493:406128
3467:349685
3428:179737
3386:GNAB:
3361:EURING
3353:fiscro
3327:fiscro
3273:ARKive
3253:fiscro
2327:Rook (
2003:Corvus
1131:
1078:24 May
909:
886:
878:
792:
720:
688:
680:
642:
634:
450:Canada
365:) and
357:. The
327:Corvus
284:Corvus
216:, 1812
214:Wilson
176:Corvus
3506:83494
3480:75435
3410:IRMNG
3366:15660
3348:eBird
3324:BOW:
3317:19833
2678:Grey
2388:North
1993:crows
1991:True
1533:Cissa
884:JSTOR
823:(PDF)
686:JSTOR
491:crabs
355:clade
296:ossis
280:Latin
3462:NCBI
3436:IUCN
3423:ITIS
3402:8001
3374:GBIF
3340:YNJD
3312:BOLD
2736:jays
2680:jays
2390:and
2290:and
2016:and
1911:Pica
1648:jays
1254:Aves
1129:ISBN
1106:2014
1080:2021
1043:2023
949:2021
907:ISBN
876:ISSN
839:2021
801:2021
790:OCLC
769:2021
731:2021
718:ISBN
697:2021
678:ISSN
651:2021
640:OCLC
632:LCCN
600:2024
572:2021
555:2016
493:and
473:Diet
249:crow
237:The
145:Aves
3335:CoL
3260:ADW
3249:ABA
1167:at
938:doi
866:doi
758:doi
624:doi
559:doi
313:'s
294:or
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