280:
309:
298:
674:
601:
51:
519:
In 1925, Farinacci became the second most powerful man in the country when
Mussolini appointed him secretary of the party. He was used by Mussolini to centralize the party and then to purge it of thousands of its radical members. Then, Farinacci was removed. He disappeared from the limelight,
530:
man" of
Fascism, based on his forcing of opponents of Fascism to swallow castor oil which he called the "golden nectar of nausea". The effects of swallowing castor oil would cause the victims to suffer severe diarrhea followed by dehydration. The
479:
combat squads in 1919. The
Cremona squads were amongst the most brutal in Italy and Farinacci effectively used them to terrorize the population into submission to Fascist rule. In 1922, Farinacci appointed himself mayor of Cremona.
749:
in the main square of
Vimercate on 28 April 1945. The partisans wanted to shoot him in the back, but at last second he turned and was thus shot in the chest, reportedly shouting "Long live Italy".
662:. Afterwards, Farinacci went back to Cremona without taking active part in political life. However, he did continue to write politically oriented articles. He also funded the journal
709:
and refused to stop, resulting in a shootout in which the driver was killed and
Marquise Vidoni Soranzo was mortally wounded. The uninjured Farinacci was captured along with twelve
624:
and became one of
Mussolini's advisors on Italy's dealings with Germany. For his part, Farinacci urged Mussolini to enter Italy into the war as a member of the
512:. Nevertheless, Farinacci's career continued to rise and played a considerable role in establishing Fascist dominance over Italy during and after the 1922
1055:
1060:
1045:
62:
1020:
1010:
843:
800:
500:
leader (likewise, Mussolini believed
Farinacci was too violent and irresponsible). Among Fascists, Farinacci was known to be particularly
1065:
459:
1035:
1030:
438:
and beginning working on a railroad there in 1909. Farinacci described himself as
Catholic. Around this time period, he became an
1015:
643:. While the majority of the council voted to force Mussolini out of the government, Farinacci did not side against him. After
975:
725:", and contesting all accusations against him; there was some indecision about the sentence, as the representatives of the
644:
1025:
650:
The Nazi hierarchy considered putting
Farinacci in charge of a German-backed Italian government in Northern Italy (the
201:
790:
book: The Pope at War: The Secret
History of Pius XII, Mussolini, and Hitler, author: David I. Kertzer page: 230
206:
681:
In the morning of 26 April 1945, in the closing days of World War II, Farinacci fled Cremona and headed towards
1050:
1040:
951:
758:
1005:
771:
1000:
1070:
971:
726:
702:
547:
111:
371:
31:
17:
636:
605:
581:
216:
191:
853:
810:
721:
of Vimercate and tried by a partisan court. He demanded to be brought to Cremona, claiming that "
492:, gathering around him a large number of supporters, Farinacci came to represent the most radical
738:
734:
651:
536:
489:
403:
211:
66:
730:
995:
990:
8:
767:
497:
493:
415:
308:
753:
742:
589:
557:
303:
434:, Farinacci was raised in poverty and dropped out of school at a young age, moving to
947:
763:
659:
585:
540:
333:
312:
697:
Maria Carolina Vidoni Soranzo, secretary of the female Fasces, whose sister owned a
831:
667:
556:(MVSN), the new official name of the Blackshirts, eventually attaining the rank of
454:
450:
439:
394:
285:
164:
967:
939:
522:
399:
366:
654:), but he was passed over in favor of Mussolini when the latter was rescued by
535:
article also claims that as secretary of the party he allowed the murderers of
103:
984:
848:
805:
655:
513:
501:
90:
832:
The Straight Dope: Did Mussolini use castor oil as an instrument of torture?
584:
and returned to national prominence. In 1937, Farinacci participated in the
746:
617:
613:
561:
509:
407:
673:
628:. In 1941, Farinacci became Inspector of the Militia in Italian-occupied
625:
569:
552:
476:
446:
411:
353:
50:
588:
and in 1938 became a governmental minister and enforced the antisemitic
682:
621:
600:
577:
527:
505:
258:
718:
690:
640:
520:
practicing law for much of the late 1920s and early 1930s. In a 1929
442:
180:
723:
there they will tell you that I did good and that I must be released
714:
710:
694:
464:
338:
132:
467:
aristocracy) of the Fascists in Cremona, publishing the newspaper
686:
629:
435:
427:
262:
160:
706:
565:
431:
445:
and a major advocate of Italy's participation in the war when
889:
Fascisti: Gli italiani di Mussolini, il regime degli italiani
698:
766:, Farinacci was one of the most prominent Fascist voices of
733:
wanted to hand him over to the Allies, whereas those of the
449:
began. After the war, Farinacci was an ardent supporter of
488:
Quickly rising as one of the most powerful members of the
762:(1973), Farinacci is played by Max Dorian. Together with
647:, Farinacci fled to Germany in order to escape arrest.
685:, along with a small group of Fascist diehards. Near
496:
of the party, one that thought Mussolini to be a too
902:
Roberto Farinacci. Ovvero della rivoluzione fascista
913:Kertzer, David I., The Popes Against the Jews, 283
689:he parted from the main column and headed towards
398:; 16 October 1892 – 28 April 1945) was a leading
982:
30:"Farinacci" redirects here. For other uses, see
944:Storia degli ebrei italiani sotto il fascismo
457:. He subsequently established himself as the
968:Newspaper clippings about Roberto Farinacci
946:(in Italian) (4 ed.). Turin: Einaudi.
580:). In the same year, Farinacci joined the
49:
1056:Italian military personnel of World War I
938:
741:wanted to execute him. In the end he was
635:In July 1943, Farinacci took part in the
463:(local leader, a title borrowed from the
418:describes him as "slavishly pro-German".
79:15 February 1925 – 30 March 1926
1061:Italian civilians killed in World War II
1046:People executed by Italy by firing squad
701:there. On 27 April their car ran into a
672:
599:
560:. He lost his right hand fishing with a
1021:Italian people of the Spanish Civil War
658:in September through the raid known as
553:Voluntary Militia for National Security
402:politician and important member of the
14:
983:
620:. He frequently communicated with the
526:article, Farinacci was nicknamed the "
1011:People of the Italian Social Republic
670:priests led by Don Tullio Calcagno.
666:, the main organ of a small group of
393:
124:11 June 1921 – 5 August 1943
24:
1066:Catholicism and far-right politics
595:
25:
1082:
961:
852:. 4 February 1929. Archived from
809:. 4 February 1929. Archived from
546:In 1935, Farinacci fought in the
227:1.74 m (5 ft 9 in)
1036:20th-century executions by Italy
1031:20th-century Italian politicians
608:in which Farinacci voted against
592:measures declared by Mussolini.
307:
296:
278:
410:, as well as one of its ardent
244:
1016:Italian people of World War II
916:
907:
894:
881:
868:
836:
825:
793:
784:
759:The Assassination of Matteotti
414:proponents. English historian
27:Italian politician (1892–1945)
13:
1:
483:
421:
395:[roˈbɛrtofariˈnattʃi]
616:began, Farinacci sided with
7:
972:20th Century Press Archives
548:Second Italo-Abyssinian War
10:
1087:
932:
572:ironically nicknamed him "
372:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
32:Farinacci (disambiguation)
29:
1026:Executed Italian fascists
604:The outcome of a vote of
380:
359:
351:3rd Telegraphist Regiment
347:
326:
318:
291:
273:
268:
254:
231:
223:
197:
187:
170:
147:
142:
138:
128:
117:
109:
97:
83:
72:
61:
57:
48:
41:
777:
717:; he was brought to the
713:, filled with money and
637:Grand Council of Fascism
606:Grand Council of Fascism
582:Grand Council of Fascism
568:, an incident for which
543:to be let free in 1926.
192:Executed by firing squad
188:Cause of death
887:Giordano Bruno Guerri,
876:I gerarchi di Mussolini
739:Italian Socialist Party
735:Italian Communist Party
652:Italian Social Republic
537:Italian Socialist Party
678:
609:
490:National Fascist Party
404:National Fascist Party
391:Italian pronunciation:
67:National Fascist Party
1051:National syndicalists
1041:Antisemitism in Italy
731:Italian Liberal Party
677:Farinacci's execution
676:
639:meeting which led to
603:
319:Years of service
1006:Executed politicians
641:Mussolini's downfall
1001:People from Isernia
768:racial antisemitism
727:Christian Democracy
550:as a member of the
494:syndicalist faction
416:Christopher Hibbert
112:Chamber of Deputies
1071:Christian fascists
922:De Felice (1993),
900:Giuseppe Pardini,
856:on 27 October 2010
813:on 27 October 2010
754:Florestano Vancini
743:sentenced to death
679:
645:Mussolini's arrest
610:
590:racial segregation
558:lieutenant general
473:Il Regime Fascista
406:before and during
304:Royal Italian Army
183:, Kingdom of Italy
844:"Black Farinacci"
801:"Black Farinacci"
764:Giovanni Preziosi
660:Unternehmen Eiche
586:Spanish Civil War
541:Giacomo Matteotti
475:) and organizing
387:Roberto Farinacci
384:
383:
334:Flight lieutenant
313:Italian Air Force
43:Roberto Farinacci
16:(Redirected from
1078:
957:
940:De Felice, Renzo
926:
920:
914:
911:
905:
898:
892:
885:
879:
872:
866:
865:
863:
861:
840:
834:
829:
823:
822:
820:
818:
797:
791:
788:
772:Mussolini regime
745:and executed by
668:clerical fascist
664:Crociata Italica
574:Martin pescatore
455:fascist movement
451:Benito Mussolini
397:
392:
311:
302:
300:
299:
286:Kingdom of Italy
284:
282:
281:
269:Military service
248:
246:
237:Anita Bertolazzi
177:
165:Kingdom of Italy
157:
155:
143:Personal details
122:
100:
86:
77:
53:
39:
38:
21:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1075:
981:
980:
964:
954:
935:
930:
929:
921:
917:
912:
908:
899:
895:
886:
882:
873:
869:
859:
857:
842:
841:
837:
830:
826:
816:
814:
799:
798:
794:
789:
785:
780:
598:
596:In World War II
486:
424:
400:Italian fascist
390:
376:
367:First World War
352:
343:
322:1916–1917; 1936
306:
297:
295:
279:
277:
250:
247: 1910)
242:
238:
215:
210:
205:
198:Political party
179:
175:
159:
158:16 October 1892
153:
151:
123:
118:
98:
84:
78:
73:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1084:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
979:
978:
963:
962:External links
960:
959:
958:
952:
934:
931:
928:
927:
915:
906:
893:
880:
874:Guido Gerosa,
867:
835:
824:
792:
782:
781:
779:
776:
597:
594:
485:
482:
423:
420:
382:
381:
378:
377:
375:
374:
369:
363:
361:
357:
356:
349:
345:
344:
342:
341:
336:
330:
328:
324:
323:
320:
316:
315:
293:
292:Branch/service
289:
288:
275:
271:
270:
266:
265:
256:
252:
251:
240:
236:
235:
233:
229:
228:
225:
221:
220:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
178:(aged 52)
172:
168:
167:
149:
145:
144:
140:
139:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
115:
114:
110:Member of the
107:
106:
104:Augusto Turati
101:
95:
94:
87:
81:
80:
70:
69:
59:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1083:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
986:
977:
973:
969:
966:
965:
955:
949:
945:
941:
937:
936:
925:
919:
910:
903:
897:
890:
884:
877:
871:
855:
851:
850:
849:Time Magazine
845:
839:
833:
828:
812:
808:
807:
806:Time Magazine
802:
796:
787:
783:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
760:
755:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
675:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
656:Otto Skorzeny
653:
648:
646:
642:
638:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
607:
602:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
554:
549:
544:
542:
538:
534:
529:
525:
524:
517:
515:
514:March on Rome
511:
507:
503:
502:anti-clerical
499:
495:
491:
481:
478:
474:
470:
469:Cremona Nuova
466:
462:
461:
456:
452:
448:
444:
441:
437:
433:
429:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
396:
388:
379:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
362:
358:
355:
350:
346:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
314:
310:
305:
294:
290:
287:
276:
272:
267:
264:
260:
257:
253:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
213:
208:
203:
200:
196:
193:
190:
186:
182:
174:28 April 1945
173:
169:
166:
162:
150:
146:
141:
137:
134:
131:
127:
121:
116:
113:
108:
105:
102:
96:
93:
92:
91:Quadrumvirate
88:
82:
76:
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
943:
923:
918:
909:
901:
896:
888:
883:
875:
870:
858:. Retrieved
854:the original
847:
838:
827:
815:. Retrieved
811:the original
804:
795:
786:
757:
751:
747:firing squad
722:
705:patrol near
680:
663:
649:
634:
618:Nazi Germany
614:World War II
611:
573:
562:hand grenade
551:
545:
532:
521:
518:
487:
472:
468:
458:
425:
408:World War II
386:
385:
360:Battles/wars
176:(1945-04-28)
129:Constituency
119:
99:Succeeded by
89:
74:
36:
996:1945 deaths
991:1892 births
770:during the
737:and of the
729:and of the
693:along with
570:Ettore Muti
510:antisemitic
477:Blackshirts
447:World War I
440:irredentist
412:antisemitic
354:Blackshirts
219:(1943–1945)
214:(1921–1943)
209:(1919–1921)
204:(1914–1919)
85:Preceded by
985:Categories
953:8806172794
683:Valtellina
578:kingfisher
528:castor oil
506:xenophobic
484:Prominence
471:(later on
422:Early life
274:Allegiance
259:Journalist
255:Profession
154:1892-10-16
860:10 August
817:10 August
719:town hall
711:suitcases
691:Vimercate
465:Ethiopian
443:socialist
181:Vimercate
120:In office
75:In office
63:Secretary
18:Farinacci
942:(1993).
904:, p. 459
891:, p. 115
878:, p. 117
756:'s film
703:partisan
695:marquise
453:and his
426:Born in
339:Corporal
133:at-large
974:of the
970:in the
933:Sources
752:In the
687:Bergamo
630:Albania
539:deputy
498:liberal
436:Cremona
428:Isernia
263:soldier
249:
241:
161:Isernia
65:of the
950:
924:passim
715:jewels
707:Brivio
566:Dessie
432:Molise
301:
283:
232:Spouse
224:Height
778:Notes
699:villa
622:Nazis
612:When
564:near
243:(
239:
948:ISBN
862:2008
819:2008
626:Axis
533:Time
523:Time
508:and
348:Unit
327:Rank
202:PSRI
171:Died
148:Born
976:ZBW
576:" (
460:Ras
217:PFR
212:PNF
207:FIC
987::
846:.
803:.
774:.
632:.
516:.
504:,
430:,
261:,
245:m.
163:,
956:.
864:.
821:.
389:(
156:)
152:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
