1349:
122:
136:
109:
Equivocation can also be used to conflate two positions which share similarities, one modest and easy to defend and one much more controversial. The arguer advances the controversial position, but when challenged, they insist that they are only advancing the more modest position.
466:
471:
162:
242:: concept that words used to describe an underlying reality are arbitrary abstractions not to be confused with the reality itself
307:
277:
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506:
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660:
233:
95:
The first instance of "man" implies the entire human species, while the second implies just those who are male.
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72:
62:
50:
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864:
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8:
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555:
267:
979:
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371:
156:
230:, Amphiboly, Amphibology: ambiguity of a sentence by its grammatical structure
1367:
1104:
994:
726:
689:
633:
501:
496:
317:
185:
302:, Harper torchbooks (first ed.), New York: HarperCollins, p. 274,
1116:
150:
326:
1309:
1086:
1023:
218:: the property of word or phrase having certain type of multiple meanings
1219:
1213:
1140:
1052:
269:
Attacking Faulty
Reasoning: A Practical Guide to Fallacy-Free Arguments
39:
38:
resulting from the use of a particular word or expression in multiple
1326:
1110:
1094:
777:
68:
1256:
1204:
215:
358:
27:
299:
Historians' fallacies: toward a logic of historical thought
34:("calling two different things by the same name") is an
53:, not from the grammar or structure of the sentence.
49:
that stems from a phrase having two or more distinct
200:: changing a definition to exclude a counter-example
117:
159:: phrasing to explain something without saying it
1365:
265:
163:Equivocality: Organizational information theory
16:Misleading use of a term with multiple meanings
467:Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise
472:Negative conclusion from affirmative premises
342:
356:
261:
259:
257:
98:
76:
349:
335:
1050:
1203:
254:
153:: a related purposeful rhetorical device
56:
292:
1366:
272:. Cengage Learning. pp. 121–123.
224:: one of the fundamental laws in logic
330:
266:Damer, T. Edward (21 February 2008).
170:: a kind of linguistic misconception
182:: fallacy based on flawed reasoning
13:
71:(a chain of reasoning) produces a
14:
1390:
234:When a white horse is not a horse
1348:
1347:
176:: tell the truth while deceiving
134:
120:
91:Therefore, no woman is rational.
845:Correlation implies causation
286:
194:: a doctrine in moral theology
1:
247:
21:Equivocation (disambiguation)
212:: a blame-shifting technique
85:Since only man is rational.
7:
206:: skewed definition of term
113:
10:
1395:
1269:I'm entitled to my opinion
102:
60:
18:
1343:
1252:
1191:
1125:
1041:
950:
925:
900:
824:
776:
712:
687:
659:
624:
574:
528:
519:
457:
423:
379:
370:
1295:Motte-and-bailey fallacy
395:Affirming the consequent
105:Motte-and-bailey fallacy
99:Motte-and-bailey fallacy
81:). Below is an example:
1315:Two wrongs make a right
646:Denying the correlative
88:And no woman is a man .
1300:Psychologist's fallacy
1237:Argument to moderation
1227:Argument from anecdote
1177:Chronological snobbery
801:Quoting out of context
768:Overwhelming exception
651:Suppressed correlative
551:Quoting out of context
426:quantificational logic
400:Denying the antecedent
240:Map-territory relation
222:Principle of explosion
77:
1263:The Four Great Errors
1243:Argumentum ad populum
1232:Argument from silence
936:Argumentum ad baculum
714:Faulty generalization
405:Argument from fallacy
210:Plausible deniability
204:Persuasive definition
73:fallacy of four terms
63:Fallacy of four terms
57:Fallacy of four terms
1281:Invincible ignorance
1087:Reductio ad Stalinum
1073:Reductio ad Hitlerum
1029:Wisdom of repugnance
796:Moving the goalposts
661:Illicit transference
586:Begging the question
507:Undistributed middle
415:Mathematical fallacy
390:Affirming a disjunct
168:Etymological fallacy
78:quaternio terminorum
42:within an argument.
19:For other uses, see
1014:Parade of horribles
990:In-group favoritism
816:Syntactic ambiguity
459:Syllogistic fallacy
382:propositional logic
228:Syntactic ambiguity
1100:Poisoning the well
917:Proof by assertion
892:Texas sharpshooter
826:Questionable cause
763:Slothful induction
722:Anecdotal evidence
582:Circular reasoning
477:Exclusive premises
439:Illicit conversion
192:Mental reservation
67:Equivocation in a
1361:
1360:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1275:Ignoratio elenchi
1187:
1186:
1037:
1036:
999:Not invented here
704:Converse accident
626:Correlative-based
603:Compound question
546:False attribution
541:False equivalence
515:
514:
309:978-0-06-131545-9
279:978-0-495-09506-4
180:False equivalence
142:Psychology portal
128:Philosophy portal
1386:
1374:Verbal fallacies
1351:
1350:
1322:Special pleading
1201:
1200:
1062:Appeal to motive
1048:
1047:
1024:Stirring symbols
1004:Island mentality
942:Wishful thinking
923:
922:
639:Perfect solution
616:No true Scotsman
611:Complex question
596:Leading question
575:Question-begging
561:No true Scotsman
526:
525:
449:Quantifier shift
444:Proof by example
377:
376:
351:
344:
337:
328:
327:
321:
320:
290:
284:
283:
263:
198:No true Scotsman
174:Evasion (ethics)
144:
139:
138:
137:
130:
125:
124:
123:
80:
45:It is a type of
36:informal fallacy
1394:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1331:
1305:Rationalization
1248:
1195:
1183:
1121:
1043:Genetic fallacy
1033:
946:
921:
896:
820:
811:Sorites paradox
791:False precision
772:
753:Double counting
708:
683:
655:
620:
607:Loaded question
591:Loaded language
570:
511:
453:
419:
366:
355:
325:
324:
310:
291:
287:
280:
264:
255:
250:
245:
140:
135:
133:
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121:
119:
116:
107:
101:
65:
59:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1182:
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1179:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1144:
1137:
1135:Accomplishment
1126:
1123:
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1120:
1119:
1114:
1107:
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982:
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948:
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944:
939:
931:
929:
920:
919:
910:
904:
902:
898:
897:
895:
894:
889:
887:Slippery slope
884:
879:
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862:
861:
860:
853:
843:
842:
841:
830:
828:
822:
821:
819:
818:
813:
808:
806:Slippery slope
803:
798:
793:
788:
782:
780:
774:
773:
771:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
741:
740:
739:
734:
732:Cherry picking
724:
718:
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386:
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354:
353:
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339:
331:
323:
322:
308:
294:Fischer, D. H.
285:
278:
252:
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237:
231:
225:
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207:
201:
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189:
183:
177:
171:
165:
160:
157:Circumlocution
154:
147:
146:
145:
131:
115:
112:
103:Main article:
100:
97:
93:
92:
89:
86:
61:Main article:
58:
55:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1199:
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1133:
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1131:
1128:
1127:
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1113:
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1108:
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1103:
1101:
1098:
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1080:
1077:
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1074:
1070:
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1057:
1055:
1054:
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1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
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1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
996:
995:Invented here
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
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968:
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963:
961:
958:
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953:
949:
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940:
938:
937:
933:
932:
930:
928:
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918:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
903:
899:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
871:
868:
867:
866:
863:
859:
858:
854:
852:
851:
847:
846:
844:
840:
837:
836:
835:
832:
831:
829:
827:
823:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
781:
779:
775:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
758:False analogy
756:
754:
751:
749:
745:
742:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
728:
727:Sampling bias
725:
723:
720:
719:
717:
715:
711:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
694:
692:
691:
690:Secundum quid
686:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
664:
662:
658:
652:
649:
647:
644:
640:
637:
636:
635:
634:False dilemma
632:
631:
629:
627:
623:
617:
614:
612:
608:
604:
601:
597:
594:
593:
592:
589:
587:
583:
580:
579:
577:
573:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
531:
527:
524:
522:
518:
508:
505:
503:
502:Illicit minor
500:
498:
497:Illicit major
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
462:
460:
456:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
429:
427:
422:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
385:
383:
378:
375:
373:
369:
364:
360:
352:
347:
345:
340:
338:
333:
332:
329:
319:
315:
311:
305:
301:
300:
296:(June 1970),
295:
289:
281:
275:
271:
270:
262:
260:
258:
253:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:If-by-whiskey
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
164:
161:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
143:
132:
129:
118:
111:
106:
96:
90:
87:
84:
83:
82:
79:
74:
70:
64:
54:
52:
48:
43:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
1290:Naturalistic
1273:
1261:
1241:
1212:
1196:of relevance
1139:
1117:Whataboutism
1109:
1085:
1079:Godwin's law
1071:
1051:
934:
927:Consequences
908:Law/Legality
882:Single cause
855:
848:
688:
556:Loki's Wager
536:Equivocation
535:
529:Equivocation
298:
288:
268:
236:: an example
188:: an example
151:Antanaclasis
108:
94:
66:
44:
32:equivocation
31:
25:
1310:Red herring
1067:Association
748:Conjunction
669:Composition
566:Reification
482:Existential
434:Existential
1368:Categories
1286:Moralistic
1220:Sealioning
1214:Ad nauseam
1141:Ipse dixit
1053:Ad hominem
877:Regression
679:Ecological
492:Four terms
410:Masked man
248:References
1379:Ambiguity
1327:Straw man
1205:Arguments
1194:fallacies
1168:Tradition
1158:Etymology
1130:Authority
1111:Tu quoque
1095:Bulverism
865:Gambler's
834:Animistic
778:Ambiguity
744:Base rate
487:Necessity
359:fallacies
318:185446787
69:syllogism
47:ambiguity
1353:Category
985:Ridicule
970:Flattery
960:Children
857:Post hoc
737:McNamara
699:Accident
674:Division
521:Informal
216:Polysemy
114:See also
51:meanings
1172:Novelty
1147:Poverty
1009:Loyalty
975:Novelty
952:Emotion
901:Appeals
870:Inverse
850:Cum hoc
839:Furtive
357:Common
1257:Cliché
1192:Other
1163:Nature
1151:Wealth
786:Accent
372:Formal
316:
306:
276:
40:senses
1019:Spite
913:Stone
28:logic
1105:Tone
980:Pity
965:Fear
363:list
314:OCLC
304:ISBN
274:ISBN
424:In
380:In
26:In
1370::
1288:/
1170:/
1149:/
997:/
915:/
746:/
609:/
605:/
584:/
312:,
256:^
30:,
365:)
361:(
350:e
343:t
336:v
282:.
75:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.