484:
would whip or batter the crown prince, warning him, "Do you not know how many crown princes had been deposed in history? Is it that my other sons are unworthy of being crown prince?" He also ordered the officials at the crown prince's palace to watch the crown prince closely and submit reports on his actions. In reaction, Yuwen Yun suppressed his own behavior and pretended to have learned his lesson. Nevertheless, Wang Gui repeatedly suggested that
Emperor Wu find a better heir, but Emperor Wu declined, because he believed his second son, Yuwen Zan (
816:, had to plead earnestly for Empress Yang's life, before he finally spared Empress Yang. Meanwhile, however, Emperor Xuan was suspicious of the abilities of Empress Yang's father Yang Jian, and he considered killing Yang Jian but ultimately did not do so. As Yang Jian and Zheng Yi were friends, Yang Jian made a secret request to Zheng to give him a post away from the capital, and soon, by Zheng's recommendation, Emperor Xuan made Yang Jian the commander of the forces against Chen (as he then prepared another attack against Chen).
677:
849:), decided to summon Yang Jian to attend to Emperor Xuan and to serve as regent if Emperor Xuan should die—against Yan's attempt to have Yuwen Zhao made regent. Yang initially declined, apparently fearing that it was a trap, but eventually arrived at the palace. That night, Emperor Xuan died, and Yang seized the control of the palace and the imperial troops. Within a year, Yang would seize the throne, ending Northern Zhou and establishing the
665:
811:
By this point, Emperor Xuan was becoming even more erratic in his behavior, and at one point, he became suddenly angry at
Empress Yang and wanted to punish her. She, however, remained calm but firm in defense of herself, which made him more angry, and he ordered her to commit suicide. Empress Yang's
483:
Historians also noted that
Emperor Wu was very strict with the crown prince, treating him no easier than he did the officials. When he heard that Yuwen Yun liked drinking, he issued an edict forbidding any alcohol from entering the crown prince's palace, and whenever the crown prince had faults, he
712:
It was further recorded that whenever
Emperor Xuan met with officials, he only discussed with them how to change customs or how to build palaces, disregarding the affairs of state. He spent his days in games and tours, wearing out his attendants. The officials often were caned—initially, 120 times
684:
Historians described that after
Emperor Xuan passed the throne to Emperor Jing, he became particularly wasteful, megalomanic, and unrestrained. He referred to himself as "Heaven," and required officials who were to visit him to have vegetarian diets for three days and bathe—then customary for the
517:
in his father's palace. It was also said that not only did he not mourn his father's death, but as he approached his father's casket, he touched the scars from the wounds his father had previously inflicted, and cursed, "Old man, you died too late!" He soon also honored his mother
Consort Li as
588:. He also abolished the penal code that his father had promulgated in 577 and declared several pardons, stating that he believed that Emperor Wu's punishments were too severe—but soon imposed an even more severe penal code. Also contrary to his father's prohibition of
801:
and seize Wei's troops, and then declare a rebellion to support one of his uncles as emperor. Wei found out about Yuwen Liang's plot and was able to repel his attack, and was able to kill him. Emperor Xuan then also killed Yuwen Liang's son Yuwen Wen
784:
In winter 579, Emperor Xuan officially ended the prohibitions against Taoism and
Buddhism that Emperor Wu had declared, and he personally sat with the statues of Buddhist and Taoist deities. He also launched a major attack on rival
646:(天台, "heavenly tower"), and doubled the number of tassels on his crown, as well as the number of imperial vehicles, litters, clothing, banners, and drums. He changed the name of the young emperor's palace to Zhengyang Palace (
440:(a cousin of Emperor Wu's), Yuwen Xiaobo's deputy. He also chose a number of men whose characters he had high regard for to serve in other posts as the crown prince's assistance—but Yuwen Yun resented these personnel changes.
497:, seizing its territory. In summer 578, however, he grew ill suddenly while preparing a campaign against Tujue, and he, after entrusting the important matters to Yuwen Xiaobo, died. Yuwen Yun took the throne as Emperor Xuan.
579:
Emperor Xuan was obsessed with changing the customary protocols that his father had established, and in spring 579, he changed the official uniforms that
Emperor Wu had standardized, to instead use the uniforms styled after
709:), except by himself. He forbade women, other than the women of the palace, from using cosmetics, and for reasons unknown, he ordered that all wheels be made from single pieces of wood, disallowing assembling.
423:
It was around this time that it came to
Emperor Wu's attention that most of Yuwen Yun's associates were men of low character. At the suggestion of the superintendent of the crown prince's palace, Yuwen Xiaobo
631:
Less than a month after creating Yuwen Chan crown prince, Emperor Xuan formally passed the throne to Yuwen Chan (as
Emperor Jing). Emperor Xuan himself claimed the atypical title of "Emperor Tianyuan" (天元皇帝,
545:, a Northern Qi prince who had claimed Northern Qi's imperial title in exile in Tujue, tried to launch an attack to reestablish Northern Qi, but was quickly repelled and forced to retreat to Tujue territory.
480:) had committed many immoral activities together. In anger, Emperor Wu battered Yuwen Yun and Zheng with a baton and removed Zheng from his post. Soon, however, Yuwen Yun reinstated Zheng to his post.
319:
of China. He was known in history as an erratic and wasteful ruler, whose actions greatly weakened the Northern Zhou regime. As part of that erratic behavior, he passed the throne to his son
405:
Emperor Wu often sent Yuwen Yun on tours of the provinces—and when he himself would go on tours of the provinces or go on military campaigns, he would have Yuwen Yun guard the capital
808:) the Duke of Xiyang, and then took Yuwen Wen's wife Duchess Yuchi as a consort. Then, against opposition that he already had too many empresses, he created her as another empress.
377:. Before he died, he willed that Yuwen Yong succeed him, and Yuwen Yong took the throne (as Emperor Wu). On 30 May 561, he created Yuwen Yun the Duke of Lu but did not create him
2399:
513:. Other than those proper acts, however, he began to carry out a number of inappropriate ones—including immediately promoting of Zheng Yi and having sexual relations with the
685:
days spent before worshipping a god. He disallowed officials from using belts or decorations for their clothing, and he forbade the use of such characters as "heaven" (
628:) the Prince of Zhao) Princess Qianjin, offering to marry Princess Qianjin to Tuobo Khan, but with the demand that Tuobo Khan surrender Gao Shaoyi. Tuobo Khan refused.
153:
713:
per caning, and later increased to 240 times. The terror imposed on the officials and even the women of the palace was so great that no one dared to say anything.
607:
to the status of secondary capital, moving the subsidiary branches of the six central government departments from Northern Qi's old capital Yecheng (鄴城, in modern
381:. Only after Emperor Wu ambushed Yuwen Hu and killed him in 572 did he create Yuwen Yun crown prince, on 19 May. (Yuwen Yun's mother Consort Li was not created
552:
the Prince of Qi, due to the respect that Yuwen Xian commanded on account of his military abilities, along with Yuwen Xian's friends, the generals Wang Xing (
2073:
831:) to try to entrust the affairs to them, but when they arrived, he was already unable to speak. Liu, after consulting with fellow attendants Zheng, Liu Qiu (
2082:
460:) in actual command of the army. In fall 576, the army completed its campaign against Tuyuhun after reaching Tuyuhun's capital Fuqi (伏俟, in modern
2363:
461:
1871:"Pusaseng [bodhisattva-monks]: A Peculiar Monastic Institution at the Tum of the Northern Zhou (557–581) and Sui (581–618) Dynasties"
127:
2395:
2147:
142:
327:
empress, but four additional concubines as empresses. After his death in June 580, the government was taken over by his father-in-law
2066:
622:(Empress Dowager Ashina's uncle) sought peace. Emperor Xuan, in response, created his cousin (the daughter of his uncle Yuwen Zhao (
1812:
era. This corresponds to 22 Jun 580 on the Julian calendar. (乙未，帝不豫，还宫。...己酉，大渐。御正下大夫刘昉，与内史上大夫郑译矫制，以随国公坚受遗辅政。是日，帝崩于天德殿。时年二十二，...)
652:), with the same complement of staff as his own palace. Empress Yang's title was changed to "Empress Dowager Tianyuan" (天元皇太后,
2379:
1995:
2351:
2347:
2059:
819:
Before the army could depart, however, Emperor Xuan suddenly grew ill in summer 580. He summoned his associates Liu Fang (
2339:
797:
from Chen. As the army was withdrawing, Yuwen Liang, serving as a general on the campaign, tried to ambush his commander
2157:
576:) -- all close associates of Emperor Wu—as he suspected all of them of having spoken ill of him before Emperor Wu.
2343:
2335:
2284:
2142:
2122:
2107:
490:) the Prince of Han to be even less competent than Yuwen Yun, and the other sons to be too young to be considered.
2418:
2251:
2195:
2132:
2127:
548:
Emperor Xuan then turned to killing people that he feared or had grudges against. The first target was his uncle
468:). Upon return to Chang'an, Wang Gui reported to Emperor Wu that Yuwen Yun and his trusted associates Zheng Yi (
2256:
2241:
2177:
2167:
2137:
2375:
2304:
2289:
2112:
2102:
2043:
931:
600:
348:
320:
138:
58:
2433:
2294:
2223:
2026:
1259:
447:
died, Emperor Wu observed a mourning period for her, and during that period, Yuwen Yun served as regent.
344:
274:
48:
1824:
day of the same month and year. This corresponds to 8 Jun 580 in the Julian calendar. (大象二年五月...乙未，帝崩。)
2246:
2218:
2213:
323:
in April 579, less than a year after taking the throne, and subsequently entitled not only his wife
2327:
2033:
2319:
132:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2371:
2367:
2359:
2323:
1694:
2355:
2331:
2315:
1371:
444:
983:
965:
772:
752:
8:
2428:
2423:
581:
2086:
1968:
947:
760:
751:
In fall 579, in a highly unorthodox action, Emperor Xuan created two more empresses --
417:
331:, who soon deposed his son Emperor Jing, ending the Northern Zhou and establishing the
328:
158:
147:
2162:
2051:
2001:
1991:
1960:
1890:
122:
1882:
308:
514:
506:
451:
219:
1886:
638:
386:
603:—then six-years-old—the Prince of Lu, and then crown prince. He also promoted
2412:
2276:
1964:
1894:
1870:
790:
316:
301:
264:
30:
2005:
1836:
day of that month, Emperor Xuan merely fell ill and returned to the palace;
789:. By spring 580, the Northern Zhou army had taken the territory between the
359:), as Yuwen Yong was at that time the governor of Tong Province. His mother
2094:
798:
786:
394:
378:
114:
110:
2233:
2205:
2187:
850:
813:
494:
437:
406:
332:
231:
203:
176:
1972:
1948:
748:) the Prince of Teng, and sent them away from Chang'an, to their fiefs.
912:
878:
794:
717:
672:, the granddaughter of Emperor Xuan, who died at the age of nine in 608
669:
619:
549:
542:
413:
324:
185:
106:
102:
98:
676:
2172:
2152:
1149:
664:
364:
570:). He then turned against Wang Gui, Yuwen Xiaobo, and Yuwen Shenju (
505:
Emperor Xuan honored his father Emperor Wu's wife Empress Ashina as
367:. (Yuwen Yong had not yet officially married a wife by that point.)
2266:
2117:
1985:
589:
374:
2261:
1949:"Notes on the Policy and the Administration of the Northern Zhou"
604:
585:
510:
465:
382:
356:
312:
259:
249:
905:; 576–614), a son of Li Chong (李崇), and had issue (one daughter)
781:) the Duke of Qi was at the palace to greet him, he raped her.
724:). He also set up fiefs for his uncles Yuwen Zhao, Yuwen Chun (
608:
593:
450:
In spring 576, Emperor Wu sent Yuwen Yun on a campaign against
371:
360:
352:
285:
370:
In 560, Emperor Ming was poisoned to death by his cousin, the
612:
454:
as its nominal commander, but put Yuwen Xiaobo and Wang Gui (
390:
180:
767:), changing Empress Zhu's title to "Heavenly Empress" (天皇后,
716:
In summer 579, Emperor Xuan created Emperor Jing's mother
1816:, vol.07. However, according to Yang Jian's biography in
599:
Also in spring 579, Emperor Xuan created his oldest son
2081:
1840:
also had a similar record of Emperor Xuan's death as
636:), rather than the expected retired emperor title of
1986:
Lily Xiao Hong Lee; A. D. Stefanowska, eds. (2014).
1852:
day and died on the same day. (乙未，不豫而还。....。是日，帝殂。)
1804:, he died aged 22 (by East Asian reckoning) on the
351:. He was born at Tong Province (同州, roughly modern
420:the Duke of Sui, as his wife and crown princess.
2410:
528:) to distinguish Empress Dowager Ashina's title
343:Yuwen Yun was born in 559, as the oldest son of
775:the daughter-in-law of his cousin Yuwen Liang (
462:Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
2067:
1037:
1025:
1014:
1002:
993:
987:
975:
969:
957:
951:
937:
922:
916:
900:
888:
882:
844:
838:
832:
826:
820:
803:
776:
743:
737:
731:
725:
704:
698:
692:
686:
647:
623:
571:
565:
559:
553:
533:
523:
518:empress dowager (with the secondary title of
485:
475:
469:
455:
431:
425:
347:, then the Duke of Lu and younger brother of
1808:day of the 5th month of the 2nd year of the
1784:day of the 2nd month of the 1st year of the
1764:day of the 6th month of the 1st year of the
896:Yuwen Eying (宇文娥英, 578–615), first daughter
1848:indicate that Emperor Xuan fell ill on the
596:, he made public gestures to honor Taoism.
436:), the well-regarded nephew of the general
2074:
2060:
296:(北周宣帝) (559 – 22 June 580), personal name
1946:
1800:According to Emperor Xuan's biography in
509:and created his wife Crown Princess Yang
1988:Biographical dictionary of Chinese women
675:
663:
1479:Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou (559–580)
642:. He changed the name of his palace to
443:In April 574, when Emperor Wu's mother
16:6th century emperor of the Zhou dynasty
2411:
1868:
1699:
1603:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1388:
1280:
1276:
1264:
1166:
1066:
1062:
1058:
2055:
1788:era, per Emperor Jing's biography in
1693:
1683:
1671:
1661:
1657:
1645:
1643:
1633:
1621:
1611:
1607:
1591:
1589:
1579:
1567:
1557:
1553:
1541:
1539:
1529:
1517:
1507:
1503:
1478:
1468:
1456:
1446:
1442:
1430:
1428:
1418:
1406:
1396:
1392:
1376:
1370:
1360:
1348:
1338:
1334:
1322:
1320:
1310:
1298:
1288:
1284:
1258:
1248:
1236:
1226:
1222:
1210:
1207:
1197:
1184:
1174:
1170:
1154:
1148:
1138:
1126:
1116:
1112:
1100:
1097:
1087:
1074:
1070:
659:
618:Meanwhile, around this time, Tujue's
412:On 30 October 573, Yuwen Yun married
1864:
1862:
742:) the Prince of Dai, and Yuwen You (
1768:era. (宣政元年六月丁酉，高祖崩。戊戌，皇太子即皇帝位，...)
755:as "Heavenly Right Empress" (天右皇后,
730:) the Prince of Chen, Yuwen Sheng (
493:In 577, Emperor Wu destroyed rival
13:
992:; b. 565), personal name Leshang (
974:; 566–595), personal name Chifan (
921:; 547–586), personal name Manyue (
763:as "Heavenly Left Empress" (天左皇后,
400:
14:
2445:
1859:
956:; 565–650), personal name Yueyi (
887:; 561–609), personal name Lihua (
541:Upon hearing Emperor Wu's death,
213:(adopted after abdicating in 579)
771:). Also around this time, when
736:) the Prince of Yue, Yuwen Da (
1979:
1940:
1927:
1914:
1901:
1794:
1775:
1755:
821:
648:
470:
430:), Emperor Wu made Yuchi Yun (
416:, the daughter of the general
1:
2364:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
2044:Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou
1990:. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.
1953:Rivista degli studi orientali
1748:
986:, of the Yuan clan of Henan (
338:
294:Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou
22:Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou
1875:Journal of Chinese Religions
7:
2027:Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou
1907:(五月丙午，封孝闵皇帝子康为纪国公，皇子赟为鲁国公)
1869:Jinhua, Chen (2002-09-01).
1820:, Emperor Xuan died on the
1260:Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou
1048:
1024:Lady, of the Huangfu clan (
856:
80:580 (aged 20–21)
10:
2450:
1887:10.1179/073776902804760310
1597:
1497:
1493:
1382:
1278:
1270:
1160:
1064:
1060:
720:"Empress Tianyuan" (天元帝后,
2313:
2275:
2232:
2204:
2186:
2093:
2040:
2031:
2023:
2018:
1947:Corradini, Piero (2004).
1844:, whereas the account in
1677:
1659:
1651:
1627:
1609:
1605:
1573:
1555:
1547:
1523:
1505:
1501:
1462:
1444:
1436:
1412:
1394:
1390:
1354:
1336:
1328:
1304:
1286:
1282:
1242:
1224:
1216:
1191:
1172:
1168:
1132:
1114:
1106:
1081:
1068:
1038:
1026:
1015:
1003:
994:
988:
976:
970:
958:
952:
938:
923:
917:
901:
889:
883:
869:
845:
839:
833:
827:
804:
777:
744:
738:
732:
726:
705:
699:
693:
687:
624:
572:
566:
560:
554:
534:
524:
486:
476:
456:
432:
426:
280:
270:
258:
248:
237:
230:
225:
218:
209:
202:
197:
192:
175:
170:
166:
121:
94:
84:
76:
68:
64:
54:
44:
40:22 June 578 – 1 April 579
36:
28:
21:
2034:Emperor of Northern Zhou
1001:Lady, of the Wang clan (
500:
385:, as Emperor Wu married
210:Emperor Tianyuan (天元皇帝)
193:Era name and dates
2419:Northern Zhou emperors
1920:(夏四月...癸巳，立鲁国公赟为皇太子。)
1832:recorded that for the
1034:Yuwen Shu, Prince Ying
681:
673:
198:Dàchéng (大成): 579
1019:; d. 581), second son
1011:Yuwen Kan, Prince Lai
968:, of the Yuchi clan (
942:; 573–581), first son
680:Li Jingxun's necklace
679:
667:
654:Tianyuan Huang Taihou
445:Empress Dowager Chinu
317:Northern Zhou dynasty
2163:Prince of Changguang
2148:Daughter of Xiaoming
2118:Prince Yin of Nan'an
1098:Yuwen Gong (470–526)
1042:; d. 581), third son
950:, of the Chen clan (
899:who married Li Min (
881:, of the Yang clan (
874:Consorts and Issue:
753:Consort Yuan Leshang
1933:(九月...壬午，纳皇太子妃杨氏。)
915:, of the Zhu clan (
843:), and Huangfu Ji (
814:Duchess Dugu Qieluo
668:The sarcophagus of
582:Eastern Han dynasty
564:), and Doulu Shao (
89:Ding Mausoleum (定陵)
2434:People from Weinan
2087:Northern dynasties
1695:Empress Dowager Li
761:Consort Chen Yueyi
718:Consort Zhu Manyue
682:
674:
660:As retired emperor
389:, the daughter of
226:Emperor Xuan (宣皇帝)
2406:
2405:
2050:
2049:
2041:Succeeded by
1997:978-0-7656-0043-1
1745:
1744:
865:(大成 dà chéng) 579
825:) and Yan Zhiyi (
765:Tian Zuo Huanghou
757:Tian You Huanghou
515:ladies in waiting
474:) and Wang Duan (
363:was Yuwen Yong's
291:
290:
244:
243:
2441:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2053:
2052:
2024:Preceded by
2016:
2015:
2010:
2009:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1959:(1/2): 123–137.
1944:
1938:
1931:
1925:
1918:
1912:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1866:
1857:
1798:
1792:
1779:
1773:
1759:
1185:Wang Pi (d. 541)
1054:
1053:
1041:
1040:
1029:
1028:
1018:
1017:
1006:
1005:
997:
996:
991:
990:
979:
978:
973:
972:
961:
960:
955:
954:
941:
940:
926:
925:
920:
919:
904:
903:
892:
891:
886:
885:
848:
847:
842:
841:
836:
835:
830:
829:
824:
823:
807:
806:
780:
779:
747:
746:
741:
740:
735:
734:
729:
728:
708:
707:
703:), and "grand" (
702:
701:
696:
695:
690:
689:
651:
650:
634:Tianyuan Huangdi
627:
626:
575:
574:
569:
568:
563:
562:
557:
556:
537:
536:
527:
526:
489:
488:
479:
478:
473:
472:
459:
458:
435:
434:
429:
428:
284:Empress Dowager
214:
168:
167:
162:
151:
136:
19:
18:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2309:
2271:
2228:
2200:
2182:
2089:
2080:
2046:
2037:
2029:
2014:
2013:
1998:
1984:
1980:
1945:
1941:
1932:
1928:
1919:
1915:
1906:
1902:
1867:
1860:
1799:
1795:
1780:
1776:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1051:
872:
859:
722:Tianyuan Di Hou
662:
558:), Dugu Xiong (
507:empress dowager
503:
403:
401:As crown prince
341:
220:Posthumous name
212:
211:
184:
156:
152:
145:
141:
137:
130:
113:
109:
105:
101:
90:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2447:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2404:
2403:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2184:
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2019:Regnal titles
2012:
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1939:
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1854:Zizhi Tongjian
1846:Zizhi Tongjian
1828:, vol.01. The
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934:, Emperor Jing
910:
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907:
906:
871:
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858:
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661:
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639:Taishang Huang
615:) to Luoyang.
502:
499:
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393:'s Mugan Khan
387:Empress Ashina
340:
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188:: Yun (贇, yūn)
173:
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2277:Northern Zhou
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817:
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796:
792:
791:Yangtze River
788:
782:
774:
770:
769:Tian Huanghou
766:
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723:
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307:(乾伯), was an
306:
303:
302:courtesy name
299:
295:
287:
283:
279:
276:
273:
269:
266:
265:Northern Zhou
263:
261:
257:
253:
251:
247:
240:
236:
233:
229:
224:
221:
217:
208:
205:
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196:
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126:
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83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
39:
35:
32:
31:Northern Zhou
27:
20:
2352:N. Dynasties
2348:S. Dynasties
2299:
2095:Northern Wei
2032:
1987:
1981:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1916:
1908:
1903:
1878:
1874:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1830:Book of Zhou
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1802:Book of Zhou
1801:
1796:
1790:Book of Zhou
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1372:Empress Xuan
1033:
1010:
930:
873:
862:
818:
810:
799:Wei Xiaokuan
787:Chen dynasty
783:
773:Yuchi Chifan
768:
764:
756:
750:
721:
715:
711:
697:), "upper" (
683:
653:
643:
637:
633:
630:
617:
598:
578:
547:
540:
530:Huang Taihou
529:
519:
504:
492:
482:
449:
442:
422:
411:
404:
395:Ashina Qijin
379:crown prince
369:
349:Emperor Ming
342:
321:Emperor Jing
304:
297:
293:
292:
238:
183:(宇文, yǔ wén)
115:Yuan Leshang
111:Yuchi Chifan
59:Emperor Jing
2344:16 Kingdoms
2234:Northern Qi
2206:Western Wei
2188:Eastern Wei
1881:(1): 1–22.
1818:Book of Sui
851:Sui dynasty
837:), Wei Mo (
691:), "high" (
495:Northern Qi
438:Yuchi Jiong
333:Sui dynasty
232:Temple name
204:Regnal name
177:Family name
157: [
146: [
131: [
128:Yuwen Eying
45:Predecessor
29:Emperor of
2429:580 deaths
2424:559 births
2413:Categories
2336:3 Kingdoms
2158:Xiaozhuang
1766:Xuan'zheng
1749:References
1208:Empress De
989:天右大皇后 河南元氏
932:Yuwen Chan
795:Huai River
670:Li Jingxun
620:Tuobo Khan
601:Yuwen Chan
550:Yuwen Xian
543:Gao Shaoyi
414:Yang Lihua
345:Yuwen Yong
339:Background
325:Yang Lihua
275:Emperor Wu
186:Given name
139:Yuwen Chan
107:Chen Yueyi
103:Zhu Manyue
99:Yang Lihua
49:Emperor Wu
1965:0392-4866
1895:0737-769X
1856:, vol.174
1697:(535–588)
1262:(543–578)
1152:(505–556)
1150:Yuwen Tai
1075:Yuwen Tao
971:天左大皇后 尉遲氏
520:Di Taihou
418:Yang Jian
397:in 568.)
365:concubine
329:Yang Jian
298:Yuwen Yun
154:Yuwen Shu
143:Yuwen Kan
55:Successor
2252:Xiaozhao
2196:Xiaojing
2143:Xiaoming
2123:Wencheng
2108:Mingyuan
2083:Emperors
2038:578–579
2006:38438555
1973:41913171
1937:, vol.05
1935:Zhou Shu
1924:, vol.05
1922:Zhou Shu
1911:, vol.05
1909:Zhou Shu
1842:Zhou Shu
1814:Zhou Shu
1772:, vol.07
1770:Zhou Shu
1374:(d. 574)
1049:Ancestry
953:天中大皇后 陳氏
884:天元大皇后 楊氏
857:Era name
812:mother,
793:and the
644:Tian Tai
590:Buddhism
407:Chang'an
375:Yuwen Hu
117:of Henan
95:Consorts
2285:Xiaomin
2257:Wucheng
2242:Wenxuan
2133:Xiaowen
2128:Xianwen
2085:of the
1838:Bei Shi
1826:Sui Shu
1810:Daxiang
1786:Daxiang
984:Empress
966:Empress
948:Empress
939:靜皇帝 宇文闡
918:天大皇后 朱氏
913:Empress
879:Empress
863:Dacheng
605:Luoyang
586:Cao Wei
511:empress
466:Qinghai
452:Tuyuhun
383:empress
357:Shaanxi
313:Xianbei
311:of the
309:emperor
300:(宇文贇),
260:Dynasty
2376:W. Xia
2267:Youzhu
2262:Houzhu
2178:Xiaowu
2173:Houfei
2168:Jiemin
2153:Youzhu
2138:Xuanwu
2004:
1994:
1971:
1963:
1893:
1850:yi'wei
1834:yi'wei
1039:郢王 宇文術
1016:萊王 宇文衎
870:Family
759:) and
609:Handan
594:Taoism
372:regent
361:Li Ezi
353:Weinan
305:Qianbo
286:Li Ezi
281:Mother
271:Father
85:Burial
2320:Shang
2113:Taiwu
2103:Daowu
1969:JSTOR
1822:yiwei
1806:jiyou
1782:xinsi
1762:wu'xu
613:Hebei
501:Reign
391:Tujue
315:-led
254:Yuwen
250:House
181:Yuwen
171:Names
161:]
150:]
135:]
123:Issue
37:Reign
2392:Qing
2388:Ming
2384:Yuan
2372:Song
2368:Liao
2360:Tang
2324:Zhou
2305:Jing
2300:Xuan
2290:Ming
2224:Gong
2002:OCLC
1992:ISBN
1961:ISSN
1891:ISSN
592:and
584:and
573:宇文神舉
538:)).
427:宇文孝伯
239:None
77:Died
69:Born
24:北周宣帝
2400:PRC
2396:ROC
2380:Jīn
2356:Sui
2340:Jìn
2332:Han
2328:Qin
2316:Xia
2247:Fei
2219:Fei
2214:Wen
1883:doi
1027:皇甫氏
846:皇甫績
828:顏之儀
805:宇文溫
778:宇文亮
745:宇文逌
739:宇文達
733:宇文盛
727:宇文純
656:).
649:正陽宮
625:宇文招
567:豆盧紹
561:獨孤熊
535:皇太后
525:帝太后
487:宇文贊
433:尉遲運
72:559
2415::
2398:/
2394:→
2390:→
2386:→
2382:→
2378:/
2374:/
2370:/
2366:→
2362:→
2358:→
2354:→
2350:/
2346:→
2342:/
2338:→
2334:→
2330:→
2326:→
2322:→
2318:→
2295:Wu
2000:.
1967:.
1957:78
1955:.
1951:.
1889:.
1879:30
1877:.
1873:.
1861:^
1030:)
1007:)
1004:王氏
995:樂尚
977:熾繁
959:月儀
927:)
924:滿月
902:李敏
893:)
890:麗華
853:.
840:韋謨
834:柳裘
822:劉昉
611:,
555:王興
477:王端
471:鄭譯
464:,
457:王軌
409:.
355:,
335:.
179::
159:zh
148:zh
133:zh
2075:e
2068:t
2061:v
2008:.
1975:.
1897:.
1885::
1036:(
1013:(
998:)
980:)
962:)
936:(
802:(
706:大
700:上
694:高
688:天
532:(
522:(
424:(
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