1599:, Rojava's government and constitution emphasize economic self-sufficiency directed by neighborhood and village councils. Rojavan society and economics are influenced by Bookchin's ideas, including the emphasis on local and regional self governance. Under changes made in 2012 property and business belong to those who live in or use it towards these goals, while infrastructure, land and major resources are commons run by local and regional councils. Bookchin however was concerned about the effects of isolationist autarky in respect to the closing off of a community and therefore always stressed the need for a balance between localism and globalism.
847:
1229:, socialist canteens and food assistance. These played a major role in securing workers' loyalty and building those parties into increasingly powerful institutions (especially in Europe) throughout the late 19th and early 20th-centuries. Through these cooperatives, "workers bought Socialist bread and Socialist shoes, drank Socialist beer, arranged for Socialist vacations and obtained a Socialist education."
1495:, "to retain a grasp on the local when the rest of radical thought seemed to be moving global". Intercommunalism drew from left-wing autarkic projects like free medical clinics and breakfast programs, "explicitly articulated as attempts to fill a void left by the failure of the federal government to provide resources as basic as food to black communities".
1633:. The movement has aimed to secure land and build self-sufficient cooperatives and workplaces "to democratically transform the political economy of the city" and push back against gentrification. Cooperation Jackson also saw a gain in electoral political power when its involvement proved pivotal to the 2013 mayoral election of
1521:), asserting "the power of the State is based on food supply. Only on the basis of a certain degree of autarky can the bolos enter into a network of exchange without being exploited". Widmer theorized that through "tactical autarky" such communes would be able to prevent the return of oppressive structures and a money economy.
1461:, an effort to redistribute economic power and build self-sufficiency in Black communities. "When you've got 400 quarts of greens and gumbo soup canned for the winter, nobody can push you around or tell you what to say or do," Hamer summarized as the rationale for the cooperative. The efforts were extensively targeted by
1165:, during its earlier, more isolationist period, kept a closed economy that prohibited outside trade and focused on centralized distribution of goods produced in localized farms and workshops. A hierarchy of bureaucrats oversaw the distribution of these resources from central depots, including a massive one located in the
1193:
communities, often based in swampy areas, used a combination of agriculture and fishing to forge a "hidden economy" and secure survival. The relative self-reliance of these maritime
African-American populations provided the basis for a strongly abolitionist political culture that made increasingly
1142:
combined an attempt at overall economic self-sufficiency through the use of common lands and resources with the use of mutual defense pacts, neighborhood assemblies and organized militias to preserve local autonomy against the depredations of the local nobility. Many of these communes later became
3760:
Without such wholistic cultural and political changes as I have advocated, notions of decentralism that emphasize localist isolation and a degree of self-sufficiency may lead to cultural parochialism and chauvinism. Parochialism can lead to problems that are as serious as a 'global& mentality
3099:
See P.Krugman, «The Narrow and Broad
Arguments for Free Trade», American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, 83(3), 1993 ; and P.Krugman, Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in the Age of Diminished Expectations, New York, W.W. Norton & Company,
1198:. Due to tense relations with some Union commanders and political factions during and after that war, these communities "focused their organizing efforts on developing their own institutions, their own sense of self-reliance, and their own political strength".
1480:' rights movements. Such efforts remain a common feature of Autonomist and anarchist movements on the continent today. The Micropolis social centre in Greece, for example, has gyms, restaurants, bars, meeting space and free distribution of food and resources.
1299:
that they claimed were "managing the economic life of the region independent of the government". But communist factions responded by cracking down on these cooperatives in an attempt to place economic control back in the hands of the central government.
1147:. In some cases, communal village economies maintained their own debt system as part of a self-sufficient economy and to avoid reliance on possibly hostile aristocratic or business interests. The trend toward "local self-sufficiency" increased after the
1236:
villages into larger plantations that, while less productive, they could more easily control. The self-sufficient communities and societies ended by colonialism were later cited as a useful example by
African anarchists in the late 20th century.
1303:
Some right-wing totalitarian governments have claimed autarky as a goal, developing national industry and imposing high tariffs but have crushed other autarkic movements and often engaged in extensive outside economic activity. In 1921, Italian
1252:
advocated local and regional autarky integrating agriculture and industry, instead of the international division of labor. His work repeatedly held up communities "that needed neither aid or protection from without" as a more resilient model.
1446:. Boycotters set up their own self-sufficient system of cheap or free transit to allow black residents to get to work and avoid using the then-segregated public systems in a successful effort to bring political pressure.
1435:, especially Amin's semi-autarkic "autocentric" policies, proved influential in efforts by many countries in Latin America, Asia and Africa to stave off economic domination by developing more self-sufficient economies.
1221:
attempted to set up self-sufficient economies (with varying degrees of success) in an effort to be less dependent on what they saw as an exploitative economic system and to generate more power to push for reforms.
967:
Proponents of autarky have argued for national self-sufficiency to reduce foreign economic, political and cultural influences, as well as to promote international peace. Economists are generally supportive of
1232:
Local and regional farming autarkies in many areas of Africa and
Southeast Asia were displaced by European colonial administrations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, who sought to push
3528:
1862:
1158:
communities have been dubbed both heavily autarkic societies where "the marauders...lived in small, self-contained democracies" and as an "anti-autarky" due to their dependence on raiding.
1324:, satisfy business elites and prepare for war. The regime would continue to conduct trade, including with countries like the United States, including connections with major companies like
3761:
that overlooks the uniqueness of cultures, the peculiarities of ecosystems and eco-regions, and the need for a humanly scaled community life that makes a participatory democracy possible.
987:
Autarky may be a policy of a state or some other type of entity when it seeks to be self-sufficient as a whole, but it also can be limited to a narrow field such as possession of a key
3412:
1031:
the concept of autarky represents independence from anything external, including independence from personal relationships, so as to immune one from vagaries of fortune. The Stoic
1407:
autarkic and socialist policies. These economists asserted that protectionism has a negative effect on economic growth and economic welfare while free trade and the reduction of
1595:. Despite a key alliance with the United States, supporters consider them largely cut off from international trade, facing multiple enemies, and striving for a society based on
1308:
attacked existing left-wing autarkic projects at the behest of large landowners, destroying roughly 119 labor chambers, 107 cooperatives and 83 peasant offices that year alone.
1280:. However, while the Soviet government during the latter period encouraged international trade, it also permitted and even encouraged local autarkies in many peasant villages.
3877:
2493:
1003:
or from external circumstances in which a state or other entity reverts to localized production when it lacks currency or excess production to trade with the outside world.
3452:
3154:, September/October 2004, 86(5), pp. 1: "most observers agree that 'he consensus among mainstream economists on the desirability of free trade remains almost universal.'"
1894:, September/October 2004, 86(5), pp. 1: "most observers agree that 'he consensus among mainstream economists on the desirability of free trade remains almost universal.'"
1388:. Post-war famine and misery lasted longer than in war-ravaged Europe. It was not until the capitalist reforms of 1950s with the approach to the United States that the
3134:(April 24, 2015): "Economists are famous for disagreeing with one another.... But economists reach near unanimity on some topics, including international trade."
1873:(April 24, 2015): "Economists are famous for disagreeing with one another.... But economists reach near unanimity on some topics, including international trade."
1364:. That was partly an effort to escape the economic domination of both the United States and the Soviet Union while modernizing the countries' infrastructure. In
1248:
summarized the autarkic goals of early anarchist socialists and communists as "small, independent, self-resourceful, freely-operating communes". In particular,
1214:
3379:
877:
944:, generally in an effort to build alternative economic structures or to control resources against structures a particular movement views as hostile.
3520:
1743:
After veering toward autarky under war communism, in the 1920s the Soviet authorities began restoring business relations with traditional partners.
1102:, for example, saw formerly self-sufficient palace economies rely more heavily on trade, which may have been a contributing factor to the eventual
3127:
1859:
1185:, the enslaved and free black populations forged self-sufficient economies in an effort to avoid reliance on the larger economy controlled by the
1151:, initially as a reaction to the impact of the epidemic and later as a way for communes and city states to maintain power against the nobility.
3506:
2374:
1132:, some rebellions and communities pursued autarky as a reaction both to upheaval and to counter imperial power. A prominent example is the
1524:
Autarkic efforts to counter the forcible privatization of public resources and maintain local self-sufficiency also formed a key part of
1684:
1961:
1552:), which is concerned with maintaining its domestic localized economy in the face of its isolation. However, even North Korea has
1136:, who repeatedly rebelled against the empire and "formed self-governing communities" with their own internal economy and coinage.
1472:
in Europe embraced local autarkic projects in an effort to craft anti-authoritarian left-wing spaces, especially influencing the
716:
3434:
1411:
has a positive effect on economic growth and economic stability. But economists from many developing nations, or who came from
870:
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1416:
17:
1930:
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3557:
1840:
1365:
1883:
2097:
1692:
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2849:
2816:
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2610:
2575:
2542:
2501:
2350:
2280:
2235:
2182:
2137:
2072:
2025:
1998:
1819:
1729:
1043:
the concept of autarky represents having the fewest possible requirements for living a life of pleasure, free of pain (
305:
1173:
also maintained a system of society-wide autarky based on community levies of specific goods and "supply on command".
2773:
2042:
1202:
863:
240:
2982:
Nayar, Baldev Raj (1997). "Nationalist
Planning for Autarky and State Hegemony: Development Strategy Under Nehru".
1129:
1292:
1532:
had
Bolivians successfully oppose the privatization of their water system to keep the resource in public hands.
3919:
2783:
2643:
2440:
2403:
2317:
2166:
1506:
ideal, he wrote that in a more liberated future "every community would approximate local or regional autarky".
406:
1553:
1110:
formed a part of emerging Greek political culture, emphasizing economic self-sufficiency and local self-rule.
925:
3781:
851:
746:
466:
456:
1154:
There is considerable debate about how autarkic cultures that resisted the spread of early capitalism were.
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3982:
2915:
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776:
2950:
IBM and the
Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful corporation
1399:
In the latter half of the 20th century economists, especially in wealthier countries, backed the emerging
3583:
2432:
917:
1606:, whose native inhabitants refuse all contact with outsiders and live completely self-sufficient lives.
1125:
periods, supported egalitarian, self-sufficient societies as an antidote to rampant war and corruption.
3804:
Jackson rising: the struggle for economic recovery and black self-determination in
Jackson, Mississippi
1618:
1320:, still pursued major international trade, albeit under a different system, to escape the terms of the
1098:, though over time these tend towards becoming less self-sufficient and more interconnected. The late
3143:
3009:
Malima, Kighoma A. (1979). "Planning for Self-Reliance
Tanzania's Third Five Year Development Plan".
1876:
1225:
Early socialist movements used these autarkic efforts to build their base with institutions like the
1054:
699:
627:
48:
31:
1609:
An example of a contemporary effort at localized autarky, incorporating the concept's history from
1458:
1118:
1103:
235:
3041:
2534:
2309:
1803:
1465:
authorities and the far-right with measures ranging from economic pressure to outright violence.
1404:
1240:
Communist movements embraced or dismissed autarky as a goal at different times. In her survey of
801:
751:
632:
360:
230:
1721:
956:
movements have also adopted autarky, generally on a more limited scale, to develop a particular
2129:
2123:
1596:
1503:
1443:
1218:
811:
210:
1757:"The Return of National Self-Sufficiency. Excavating Autarkic Thought in a De-Globalizing Era"
1161:
While rarer among imperial states, some autarkies did occur during specific time periods. The
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1717:
1622:
1603:
1439:
1377:
1329:
1122:
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451:
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and many countries in Europe and Africa. North Korea had to import food during a widespread
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2667:
1991:
Economic
Interdependence and International Conflict: New Perspectives on an Enduring Debate
1811:
1638:
1630:
1529:
1400:
1341:
1321:
1245:
1155:
1027:, which means "self-sufficiency" (derived from αáœÏÎż-, "self", and áŒÏÎșÎÏ, "to suffice"). In
957:
711:
519:
416:
380:
225:
158:
106:
3270:"TermsâofâTrade Shocks and Economic Performance, 1870â1940: Prebisch and Singer Revisited"
3074:
2680:
The selected works of Voltairine de Cleyre: poems, essays, sketches and stories, 1885â1911
972:. There is a broad consensus among economists that protectionism has a negative effect on
8:
3521:"Huey Newton introduces Revolutionary Intercommunalism, Boston College, November 18 1970"
2602:
Seeing like a state : how certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed
2059:
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1381:
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backlash to the exploitations of free trade in the late 19th-century and in many early
1195:
981:
960:, to gain independence from other national entities or to preserve part of an existing
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431:
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198:
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3199:
1954:
1540:
Today, national economic autarkies are relatively rare. A commonly-cited example is
1517:, advocated the use of autarky among its utopian anti-capitalist communes (known as
3846:
3388:
3347:
3281:
3215:
3211:
3180:
3082:
2727:
2170:
1922:
1807:
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607:
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220:
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when multiple crises hit those systems at once. After that collapse, the ideal of
3903:
3838:
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3687:
2769:
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2015:
1986:
1887:
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1393:
1389:
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1313:
1305:
1257:
1249:
1210:
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1114:
973:
898:
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756:
721:
617:
577:
572:
539:
385:
365:
355:
345:
330:
310:
245:
131:
56:
3165:
2842:
The making of the Soviet system: essays in the social history of interwar Russia
1907:
1629:, a movement aimed at creating a self-sufficient black working class economy in
3549:
3339:
3110:
1836:
1634:
1492:
1296:
1166:
1095:
1020:
781:
597:
491:
335:
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3351:
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3147:
3059:
2360:
1880:
1261:
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3895:
3821:
3737:
3630:
3492:
3448:
3400:
3359:
3324:
3293:
3254:
3223:
3164:
Tenreyro, Silvana; Lisicky, Milan; Koren, MiklĂłs; Caselli, Francesco (2019).
2896:
2739:
2701:
2585:
2511:
2450:
2290:
2245:
2101:
1906:
Tenreyro, Silvana; Lisicky, Milan; Koren, MiklĂłs; Caselli, Francesco (2019).
1784:
1473:
1424:
1408:
1273:
1186:
1169:. That depot was, at the time, the largest logistical base in the world. The
1016:
977:
921:
904:
Autarky as an ideology or economic approach has been attempted by a range of
831:
816:
622:
612:
602:
587:
567:
496:
340:
262:
173:
136:
126:
116:
3929:
3705:
2968:
2933:
2859:
2826:
2793:
2653:
2620:
2327:
2076:
2552:
2413:
1317:
1309:
1265:
1233:
1162:
1040:
1000:
988:
961:
945:
706:
582:
446:
441:
436:
421:
375:
350:
325:
320:
267:
121:
3375:"'A pig and a garden': Fannie Lou Hamer and the Freedom Farms Cooperative"
2731:
1775:
1756:
3942:
3911:
3612:
3184:
2778:(Dover Publications ed.). Mineola: Dover Publications. p. 119.
2174:
2147:
1926:
1541:
1514:
1170:
1148:
992:
991:. Some countries have a policy of autarky with respect to foodstuffs (as
953:
933:
771:
726:
689:
667:
662:
275:
250:
3022:
2995:
2747:
1453:
also formed part of the civil rights movement. In the late 60s activist
3308:
3238:
2715:
1650:
1469:
1432:
1340:
Economic self-sufficiency was pursued as a goal by some members of the
1099:
1063:
969:
101:
69:
38:
2529:
The Populist Moment: A Short History of the Agrarian Revolt in America
2875:
Story of the iron column: militant anarchism in the Spanish Civil War
1984:
1477:
1385:
1241:
1073:
791:
315:
280:
215:
79:
74:
3374:
1283:
Sometimes leftist groups clashed over autarkic projects. During the
3874:
The Waterman's Song: Slavery and Freedom in Maritime North Carolina
3285:
3038:
State Ideology and Language in Tanzania: Second and Revised Edition
2878:
2683:
1353:
1133:
1028:
949:
168:
3773:
3609:
Anarchy alive! Anti-Authoritarian Politics From Practice to Theory
3200:"Institutionalism, Structuralism, and Dependency in Latin America"
2391:
1587, a year of no significance : the Ming dynasty in decline
1573:
1053:, whose content is provided by the same publisher as that of the
524:
3843:
Urbanization Without Cities: The Rise and Decline of Citizenship
2718:(2007). "Fields of Vision: Kropotkin and Revolutionary Change".
2490:
The Fire of Freedom: Abraham Galloway and the Slaves' Civil War
1614:
1588:
1557:
1357:
1090:
Early state societies that can be regarded as autarkic include
1050:
1044:
1036:
897:, usually applied to societies, communities, states, and their
846:
652:
1372:, it was both the effect of international sanctions after the
3148:
Free Trade: Why Are Economists and Noneconomists So Far Apart
2056:
Nietzsche's Therapeutic Teaching: For Individuals and Culture
1881:
Free Trade: Why Are Economists and Noneconomists So Far Apart
1592:
1577:
1565:
1561:
1545:
1487:
moved away from orthodox communist internationalism towards "
1345:
1276:, but later pursued international trade vigorously under the
2343:
Life under the Jolly Roger: reflections on golden age piracy
1587:
Some would consider a modern example at a societal level is
976:
and economic welfare, while free trade and the reduction of
3163:
3128:
Economists Actually Agree on This: The Wisdom of Free Trade
2469:
2457:
2203:
1905:
1860:
Economists Actually Agree on This: The Wisdom of Free Trade
1714:
DĂ©tente in Europe: The Soviet Union and the West Since 1953
1569:
27:
Quality of self-sufficiency, especially regarding economics
3722:. United States: Strangers In A Tangled Wilderness. 2015.
1987:"Computer Simulations of International Trade and Conflict"
2098:"Autarchy | Meaning & Definition for UK English"
1325:
3720:
A small key can open a large door: the Rojava revolution
2073:"Autarky | Meaning & Definition for UK English"
2429:
The traditional Chinese state in Ming times (1368â1644)
2040:
Avishai Margalit, "Autonomy: Errors and Manipulation",
3307:
Sica, Alan (1978). Amin, Samir; Pearce, Brian (eds.).
2252:
2191:
1985:
Mansfield, Edward D.; Pollins, Brian M., eds. (2009).
3198:
Street, James H.; James, Dilmus D. (September 1982).
2666:
3661:
1061:
is a variant spelling of and pronounced the same as
3649:
3637:
1415:traditions, endorsed more autarkic ideas including
3435:"Opinion | The Hidden Radicalism of Southern Food"
3344:SpringerBriefs on Pioneers in Science and Practice
3338:Brauch, Hans GĂŒnter; Grimwood, Teri, eds. (2014).
3075:"International Trade: What Everyone Needs to Know"
2526:
2223:
1707:
3239:"The Political Implications of Dependency Theory"
2566:Tuchman, Barbara W.; MacMillan, Margaret (2012).
2046:, Vol. 14, No. 1 (2016), p. 102 December 20, 2016
1438:Small-scale autarkies were sometimes used by the
3974:
3268:Hadass, Yael S.; Williamson, Jeffrey G. (2003).
3267:
2565:
1800:International Trade: What Everyone Needs to Know
1392:recovered the levels of 1935 launching into the
1176:
2809:Red victory: A History of the Russian Civil War
1035:is autarkic by being dependent only on his own
3337:
2912:Italian fascism: its origins & development
2570:. New York: Library of America. p. 1046.
3801:
1705:
980:has a positive effect on economic growth and
871:
3679:
3103:
2636:African anarchism: The History of a Movement
2633:
2306:Captain Kidd and the war against the pirates
1403:, overwhelmingly endorsing free trade while
3941:(30th anniversary ed.). Brooklyn, NY:
3197:
2872:
2638:. Tucson: See Sharp Press. pp. 27â53.
2273:The Agrarian History of Western Europe, A.D
1602:An example of a small, but true autarky is
1201:Autarkic ambitions can also be seen in the
3505:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3093:
2373:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2013:
1272:strove for a self-sufficient economy with
878:
864:
2768:
1774:
1754:
1295:had created economic cooperatives in the
3902:
3871:
3837:
3750:
3577:
3274:Economic Development and Cultural Change
3152:Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review
2909:
2524:
2487:
2475:
2463:
2258:
2209:
2197:
1892:Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review
1828:
3236:
3072:
2806:
2303:
2160:
2058:edited by Horst Hutter, Eli Friedland,
1797:
1264:strove for self-sufficiency. The early
1194:radical demands after the start of the
1085:
14:
3975:
3606:
3582:. Montreal: Black Rose Press. p.
3008:
2426:
2221:
1843:from the original on November 18, 2016
1544:, based on the government ideology of
3936:
3802:Akuno, Kali; Nangwaya, Ajamu (2017).
3667:
3655:
3643:
3372:
2981:
2946:
2839:
2714:
2598:
2121:
1685:"International Economics Glossary: C"
1417:Import Substitution Industrialization
1335:
3472:
3432:
3306:
3087:10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.001.0001
3035:
2605:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
2340:
2270:
1812:10.1093/wentk/9780190900465.001.0001
1591:, the autonomous northern region of
1509:The influential 1983 anarchist book
3680:Olivera, Oscar; Lewis, Tom (2004).
2940:
2634:Mbah, Sam; Igariwey, I. E. (1997).
2568:The Guns of August: The proud tower
2387:
1113:The populist Chinese philosophy of
24:
3806:. Montreal, Quebec: Daraja Press.
3173:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
2163:The Dynamics of Masters Literature
1915:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
1637:and the 2017 election of his son,
25:
3999:
3968:
3683:Cochabamba!: Water War in Bolivia
3475:Antifa: the anti-fascist handbook
3309:"Dependency in the World Economy"
2873:Abel, Paz; Sharkey, Paul (2011).
2775:Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution
2226:Debt : the first 5,000 years
2062:, September 21, 2013, pp. 107â108
2043:Jerusalem Review of Legal Studies
999:reasons. Autarky can result from
852:Business and economics portal
2230:. Brooklyn, NY: Melville House.
2017:Socialism in Provence, 1871â1914
1256:Some socialist communities like
845:
3831:
3795:
3784:from the original on 2018-07-15
3766:
3744:
3712:
3673:
3600:
3571:
3560:from the original on 2018-02-06
3542:
3531:from the original on 2018-09-19
3513:
3466:
3455:from the original on 2020-11-12
3426:
3415:from the original on 2017-06-26
3366:
3331:
3300:
3261:
3230:
3191:
3166:"Diversification Through Trade"
3157:
3137:
3117:
3066:
3029:
3002:
2975:
2910:De Grand, Alexander J. (2000).
2903:
2866:
2833:
2800:
2762:
2708:
2660:
2627:
2592:
2559:
2518:
2481:
2420:
2381:
2334:
2297:
2264:
2215:
2154:
2115:
2090:
2065:
2049:
2034:
1967:from the original on 2014-01-20
1936:from the original on 2021-01-22
1908:"Diversification Through Trade"
1535:
1457:was one of the founders of the
3216:10.1080/00213624.1982.11504027
2953:. New York: Crown Publishers.
2167:Harvard University Asia Center
2007:
1978:
1947:
1899:
1791:
1755:Helleiner, Eric (2021-01-05).
1748:
1699:
1677:
13:
1:
3393:10.1080/07409710.2017.1270647
3313:American Journal of Sociology
2128:. New York: Norton. pp.
1839:. IGM Forum. March 13, 2012.
1671:
1442:, such as in the case of the
1177:19th and early 20th centuries
747:Commons-based peer production
467:Socialism of the 21st century
3878:University of Carolina Press
3756:The meaning of confederalism
3433:Edge, John T. (2017-05-06).
3113:. IGM Forum. March 13, 2012.
2916:University of Nebraska Press
2494:University of Carolina Press
2271:Bath, B. H. S. Van. (1963).
2100:. Lexico.com. Archived from
2075:. Lexico.com. Archived from
1762:International Studies Review
1706:Van Oudenaren, John (1991).
1189:. In eastern North Carolina
1006:
908:and movements, particularly
7:
3872:Cecelski, David S. (2012).
3243:Latin American Perspectives
2811:. New York: Da Capo Press.
2770:Kropotkin, Petr Alekseevich
2488:Cecelski, David S. (2015).
2433:University of Arizona Press
2427:Hucker, Charles O. (1970).
2345:. Oakland, CA. p. 41.
2304:Ritchie, Robert C. (1998).
1644:
1143:trading powers such as the
10:
4004:
3204:Journal of Economic Issues
2807:Lincoln, W. Bruce (1999).
2525:Lawrence, Goodwyn (1978).
2020:. NYU Press. p. 263.
1619:African-American socialism
1287:, the anarcho-syndicalist
1080:
36:
29:
3578:Bookchin, Murray (1977).
3373:White, Monica M. (2017).
3352:10.1007/978-3-319-06662-2
3073:Krueger, Anne O. (2020).
2914:(3rd ed.). Lincoln:
2125:The ancient world at work
1798:Krueger, Anne O. (2020).
1459:Freedom Farms Cooperative
1312:under economics minister
1055:Oxford English Dictionary
1024:
893:is the characteristic of
241:Socialist-oriented market
3237:Angotti, Thomas (1981).
3040:(2nd ed.). Oxford:
3036:Jan., Blommaert (2014).
2599:Scott, James C. (1998).
2310:Barnes & Noble Books
2222:David., Graeber (2011).
2161:Denecke, Wiebke (2011).
1356:, under the ideology of
37:Not to be confused with
3580:Post-scarcity anarchism
3079:Oxford University Press
3042:Oxford University Press
2844:. New York: New Press.
2535:Oxford University Press
1804:Oxford University Press
2984:Indian Economic Review
2341:Kuhn, Gabriel (2020).
2122:Mossé, Claude (1969).
1689:www-personal.umich.edu
1444:Montgomery Bus Boycott
1219:Sovereigns of Industry
3908:Caliban and the witch
2947:Edwin, Black (2001).
2840:Lewin, Moshe (1994).
2732:10.1353/sub.2007.0032
2668:De Cleyre, Voltairine
2396:Yale University Press
1718:Duke University Press
1695:on December 12, 2007.
1623:civil rights movement
1604:North Sentinel Island
1449:Autarkic efforts for
1440:Civil Rights Movement
1380:and the totalitarian
1181:In some areas of the
18:Economic independence
3607:Gordon, Uri (2008).
2175:10.2307/j.ctt1dnn8mc
1639:Chokwe Antar Lumumba
1631:Jackson, Mississippi
1530:Cochabamba Water War
1491:", a term coined by
1468:After World War II,
1401:Washington consensus
1378:the Second World War
1342:Non-Aligned Movement
1322:Treaty of Versailles
1246:Voltairine De Cleyre
1211:Mutual aid societies
1086:Ancient and medieval
1071:is another term for
906:political ideologies
777:Newly industrialized
520:Collective ownership
381:Vertical archipelago
30:For other uses, see
3988:Self-sustainability
3983:International trade
3778:Cooperation Jackson
3550:"The Havoc of Less"
3473:Bray, Mark (2017).
2478:, pp. 179â201.
2466:, pp. 128â130.
2388:Ray, Huang (1981).
2212:, pp. 105â108.
2104:on October 18, 2020
2060:Bloomsbury Academic
2014:Judt, Tony (2011).
1776:10.1093/isr/viaa092
1627:Cooperation Jackson
1582:famine in the 1990s
1526:alter-globalization
1485:Black Panther Party
1278:New Economic Policy
1244:in the late 1800s,
1187:planter aristocracy
1117:, prominent in the
1104:Bronze Age Collapse
1092:nomadic pastoralism
938:anarcho-syndicalism
762:Inclusive Democracy
3440:The New York Times
3185:10.1093/qje/qjz028
3011:Africa Development
2918:. pp. 31â33.
2672:Berkman, Alexander
1955:"Sumner_Panel_ST1"
1927:10.1093/qje/qjz028
1886:2017-12-07 at the
1865:2019-07-16 at the
1470:Autonomist efforts
1336:After World War II
1291:and the socialist
1001:economic isolation
982:economic stability
942:left-wing populism
700:Material balancing
182:Buddhist economics
3686:. Cambridge, MA:
3593:978-0-919618-47-3
3380:Food and Foodways
3124:N. Gregory Mankiw
1856:N. Gregory Mankiw
1656:Domestic sourcing
1611:black nationalism
1483:Around 1970, the
1421:Dependency theory
1374:Spanish Civil War
1285:Spanish Civil War
1270:Russian Civil War
1227:Bourse de travail
1207:utopian socialist
1156:Golden Age pirate
1140:Medieval communes
1130:Late Roman Empire
1119:Spring and Autumn
997:national-security
995:), and water for
914:African socialism
888:
887:
398:By regional model
192:Sabbath economics
16:(Redirected from
3995:
3964:
3933:
3904:Federici, Silvia
3899:
3868:
3847:Black Rose Books
3839:Bookchin, Murray
3826:
3825:
3799:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3752:Bookchin, Murray
3748:
3742:
3741:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3677:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3504:
3496:
3477:. Brooklyn, NY.
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3249:(3/4): 124â137.
3234:
3228:
3227:
3195:
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3188:
3170:
3161:
3155:
3141:
3135:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3107:
3101:
3097:
3091:
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3006:
3000:
2999:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2676:Havel, Hippolyte
2664:
2658:
2657:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2563:
2557:
2556:
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2119:
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2110:
2109:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2069:
2063:
2053:
2047:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1959:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1935:
1912:
1903:
1897:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1832:
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1795:
1789:
1788:
1778:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1711:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1691:. Archived from
1681:
1489:intercommunalism
1455:Fannie Lou Hamer
1451:food sovereignty
1350:Jawaharlal Nehru
1183:antebellum South
1145:Hanseatic League
1026:
899:economic systems
895:self-sufficiency
880:
873:
866:
850:
849:
608:Municipalization
593:Financialization
563:Collectivization
545:Social ownership
535:Private property
529:Common ownership
487:Common ownership
301:Closed (autarky)
258:State capitalism
236:Socialist market
221:Market socialist
57:Economic systems
44:
43:
21:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3953:
3922:
3888:
3857:
3834:
3829:
3814:
3800:
3796:
3787:
3785:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3749:
3745:
3730:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3698:
3688:South End Press
3678:
3674:
3666:
3662:
3654:
3650:
3642:
3638:
3623:
3605:
3601:
3594:
3576:
3572:
3563:
3561:
3554:The New Inquiry
3548:
3547:
3543:
3534:
3532:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3498:
3497:
3485:
3471:
3467:
3458:
3456:
3431:
3427:
3418:
3416:
3371:
3367:
3340:"Jonathan Dean"
3336:
3332:
3305:
3301:
3266:
3262:
3235:
3231:
3196:
3192:
3168:
3162:
3158:
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3122:
3118:
3109:
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3098:
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3071:
3067:
3052:
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3007:
3003:
2980:
2976:
2961:
2945:
2941:
2926:
2908:
2904:
2889:
2881:. p. 170.
2877:. Oakland, CA:
2871:
2867:
2852:
2838:
2834:
2819:
2805:
2801:
2786:
2767:
2763:
2713:
2709:
2694:
2665:
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2646:
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2628:
2613:
2597:
2593:
2578:
2564:
2560:
2545:
2523:
2519:
2504:
2486:
2482:
2474:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2443:
2425:
2421:
2406:
2386:
2382:
2366:
2365:
2353:
2339:
2335:
2320:
2302:
2298:
2283:
2269:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2238:
2220:
2216:
2208:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2159:
2155:
2140:
2120:
2116:
2107:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2082:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2054:
2050:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1983:
1979:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1910:
1904:
1900:
1888:Wayback Machine
1867:Wayback Machine
1846:
1844:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1796:
1792:
1753:
1749:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1704:
1700:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1661:Robinson Crusoe
1647:
1554:extensive trade
1538:
1500:Murray Bookchin
1394:Spanish Miracle
1390:Spanish economy
1370:Francoist Spain
1338:
1314:Hjalmar Schacht
1258:Charles Fourier
1250:Peter Kropotkin
1179:
1115:Agriculturalism
1088:
1083:
1009:
974:economic growth
884:
844:
837:
836:
802:Post-industrial
797:Post-capitalist
757:Hunter-gatherer
742:
734:
733:
648:
640:
639:
618:Nationalization
578:Demutualization
573:Corporatization
558:
550:
549:
540:State ownership
515:
507:
506:
482:
474:
473:
399:
391:
390:
361:Robinson Crusoe
296:
295:By coordination
288:
287:
272:Traditionalist
132:Neomercantilist
92:
84:
65:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4001:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3970:
3969:External links
3967:
3966:
3965:
3952:978-1570272417
3951:
3937:P. M. (2011).
3934:
3920:
3900:
3887:978-1469602356
3886:
3869:
3856:978-1551646237
3855:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3813:978-0995347458
3812:
3794:
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3743:
3729:978-1938660177
3728:
3711:
3697:978-0896087026
3696:
3672:
3670:, p. 139.
3660:
3648:
3636:
3622:978-1849643672
3621:
3615:. p. 45.
3599:
3592:
3570:
3556:. 2017-09-15.
3541:
3512:
3484:978-1612197036
3483:
3465:
3425:
3365:
3330:
3319:(3): 728â739.
3299:
3286:10.1086/375259
3280:(3): 629â656.
3260:
3229:
3210:(3): 673â689.
3190:
3156:
3136:
3132:New York Times
3116:
3102:
3092:
3065:
3051:978-0748668267
3050:
3028:
3001:
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2960:978-0609607992
2959:
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2925:978-0803266223
2924:
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2888:978-1849350655
2887:
2865:
2851:978-1565841253
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2818:978-0306809095
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2693:978-1849352567
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2612:978-0300070163
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2577:978-1598531459
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2544:978-0195024173
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2503:978-1469621906
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2352:978-1629638034
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2282:978-0713153354
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2237:978-1612191294
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2184:978-1684170586
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2139:978-0393053982
2138:
2114:
2089:
2079:on May 6, 2021
2064:
2048:
2033:
2027:978-0814743553
2026:
2006:
2000:978-0472022939
1999:
1977:
1946:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1874:
1871:New York Times
1827:
1821:978-0190900465
1820:
1790:
1769:(3): 933â957.
1747:
1731:978-0822311416
1730:
1716:. Durham, NC:
1709:"7: Economics"
1698:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1646:
1643:
1635:Chokwe Lumumba
1537:
1534:
1493:Huey P. Newton
1463:segregationist
1409:trade barriers
1337:
1334:
1178:
1175:
1167:Forbidden City
1123:Warring States
1096:palace economy
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978:trade barriers
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3657:
3652:
3646:, p. 89.
3645:
3640:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3603:
3595:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3574:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3545:
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3494:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3429:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3369:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3334:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3233:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3194:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3144:William Poole
3140:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3112:
3106:
3096:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3069:
3061:
3057:
3053:
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3043:
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3016:
3012:
3005:
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2795:
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2729:
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2721:
2717:
2711:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2685:
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2673:
2669:
2663:
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2651:
2647:
2641:
2637:
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2618:
2614:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2569:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2530:
2521:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2476:Cecelski 2012
2472:
2465:
2464:Cecelski 2012
2460:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2397:
2394:. New Haven:
2393:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2370:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2261:, p. 62.
2260:
2259:Federici 2004
2255:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2218:
2211:
2210:Bookchin 2017
2206:
2200:, p. 50.
2199:
2198:Federici 2004
2194:
2186:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2118:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1963:
1956:
1950:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1877:William Poole
1875:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
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1758:
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1744:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
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1642:
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1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1550:self-reliance
1547:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1528:efforts. The
1527:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1474:social center
1471:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1429:Raul Prebisch
1426:
1425:Celso Furtado
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1274:war communism
1271:
1267:
1263:
1262:phalansteries
1259:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1017:Ancient Greek
1014:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
965:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
922:war communism
919:
915:
911:
907:
902:
900:
896:
892:
881:
876:
874:
869:
867:
862:
861:
859:
858:
853:
848:
843:
842:
841:
840:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
807:Post-scarcity
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
752:Expeditionary
750:
748:
745:
744:
738:
737:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
714:
713:
710:
708:
705:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
682:
681:
678:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
644:
643:
634:
631:
630:
629:
628:Socialization
626:
624:
623:Privatization
621:
619:
616:
614:
613:Mutualization
611:
609:
606:
604:
603:Marketization
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
588:Expropriation
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
568:Communization
566:
564:
561:
560:
554:
553:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
530:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
511:
510:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
478:
477:
468:
465:
464:
462:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
429:
427:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
402:
401:
395:
394:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
306:Decentralized
304:
302:
299:
298:
292:
291:
282:
279:
277:
274:
273:
271:
269:
266:
264:
263:Social credit
261:
259:
256:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
231:Participatory
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
208:
207:
204:
200:
197:
193:
190:
189:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
148:
145:
143:
142:Social market
140:
138:
137:Protectionist
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
117:Laissez-faire
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
104:
103:
100:
98:
95:
94:
88:
87:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
67:
62:
61:
58:
55:
54:
50:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
3938:
3910:. New York:
3907:
3873:
3845:. Montréal:
3842:
3832:Bibliography
3803:
3797:
3786:. Retrieved
3777:
3768:
3759:
3755:
3746:
3719:
3714:
3682:
3675:
3663:
3651:
3639:
3608:
3602:
3579:
3573:
3562:. Retrieved
3553:
3544:
3533:. Retrieved
3524:
3515:
3474:
3468:
3457:. Retrieved
3438:
3428:
3417:. Retrieved
3384:
3378:
3368:
3343:
3333:
3316:
3312:
3302:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3207:
3203:
3193:
3176:
3172:
3159:
3151:
3139:
3131:
3119:
3111:"Free Trade"
3105:
3095:
3078:
3068:
3037:
3031:
3017:(1): 37â56.
3014:
3010:
3004:
2990:(1): 13â38.
2987:
2983:
2977:
2949:
2942:
2911:
2905:
2874:
2868:
2841:
2835:
2808:
2802:
2774:
2764:
2726:(2): 67â86.
2723:
2719:
2710:
2679:
2662:
2635:
2629:
2601:
2594:
2567:
2561:
2528:
2520:
2489:
2483:
2471:
2459:
2428:
2422:
2390:
2383:
2342:
2336:
2308:. New York:
2305:
2299:
2272:
2266:
2254:
2225:
2217:
2205:
2193:
2162:
2156:
2124:
2117:
2106:. Retrieved
2102:the original
2092:
2081:. Retrieved
2077:the original
2067:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2036:
2016:
2009:
1990:
1980:
1969:. Retrieved
1949:
1938:. Retrieved
1918:
1914:
1901:
1891:
1870:
1845:. Retrieved
1837:"Free Trade"
1830:
1799:
1793:
1766:
1760:
1750:
1742:
1735:. Retrieved
1713:
1701:
1693:the original
1688:
1679:
1608:
1601:
1586:
1539:
1536:Contemporary
1523:
1518:
1510:
1508:
1497:
1482:
1467:
1448:
1437:
1423:The work of
1405:discouraging
1398:
1384:ideology of
1339:
1318:Walther Funk
1316:, and later
1310:Nazi Germany
1302:
1282:
1255:
1239:
1231:
1224:
1200:
1180:
1171:Incan Empire
1163:Ming dynasty
1160:
1153:
1149:Black Plague
1138:
1127:
1112:
1107:
1089:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1058:
1057:, says that
1049:
1041:Epicureanism
1015:is from the
1012:
1010:
989:raw material
986:
966:
962:social order
946:Conservative
936:(especially
903:
890:
889:
717:Peer-to-peer
712:Self-managed
647:Coordination
583:Deregulation
300:
268:Distributist
122:Mercantilist
3943:Autonomedia
3912:Autonomedia
3613:Pluto Press
3179:: 449â502.
2716:Kinna, Ruth
1921:: 449â502.
1597:communalism
1542:North Korea
1515:Hans Widmer
1504:Communalist
1382:nationalist
1376:(1939) and
1234:smallholder
1209:movements.
1128:During the
993:South Korea
954:nationalist
934:syndicalism
926:communalism
822:Traditional
772:Manorialism
767:Information
741:Other types
727:Open access
690:Cybernetics
432:Anglo-Saxon
417:Singaporean
376:Underground
371:Subsistence
276:Corporatist
251:Syndicalist
211:Communalist
97:Associative
91:By ideology
64:Major types
3977:Categories
3921:1570270597
3876:. London:
3865:1046676911
3788:2018-07-15
3668:P. M. 2011
3656:P. M. 2011
3644:P. M. 2011
3611:. London:
3564:2018-02-06
3535:2018-05-12
3525:libcom.org
3459:2020-11-11
3419:2020-11-11
3060:1024254210
2785:0486449130
2645:1884365051
2492:. London:
2442:0816500932
2431:. Tucson:
2405:0300025181
2361:1159982546
2319:0760708401
2275:. Arnold.
2108:2022-08-24
2083:2022-08-24
1971:2014-01-18
1940:2021-01-06
1847:January 6,
1720:. p.
1672:References
1651:Autarchism
1433:Samir Amin
1344:, such as
1100:Bronze Age
970:free trade
912:ones like
827:Transition
787:Plantation
695:Indicative
557:Transition
407:East Asian
178:Religious
154:Democratic
127:Neoliberal
112:Democratic
102:Capitalist
70:Capitalism
39:Autarchism
3961:753622961
3939:Bolo'bolo
3896:605086965
3822:976416348
3774:"Welcome"
3738:900796070
3631:664263431
3501:cite book
3493:984595655
3449:0362-4331
3409:157578821
3401:0740-9710
3387:(1): 20.
3360:2194-3125
3325:0002-9602
3294:0013-0079
3255:0094-582X
3224:0021-3624
2897:896845543
2756:143622322
2740:0049-2426
2720:SubStance
2702:938996661
2682:. Chico:
2586:731911132
2512:900011294
2451:906066347
2369:cite book
2291:650486546
2246:426794447
1785:1521-9488
1511:bolo'bolo
1478:squatters
1330:Coca-Cola
1242:anarchism
1213:like the
1196:Civil War
1108:autarkeia
1074:autocracy
1067:and that
1025:αáœÏÎŹÏÎșΔÎčα
1011:The word
1007:Etymology
918:mutualism
792:Plutonomy
673:Regulated
502:Voluntary
428:European
281:Feudalism
226:Mutualist
216:Communist
206:Socialist
187:Christian
107:Corporate
80:Communism
75:Socialism
3930:53122730
3906:(2004).
3841:(2017).
3782:Archived
3754:(1990).
3706:56194844
3558:Archived
3529:Archived
3453:Archived
3413:Archived
3023:24498250
2996:24010467
2969:45896166
2934:42462895
2879:AK Press
2860:30841557
2827:40510540
2794:62282705
2772:(2006).
2748:25195126
2684:AK Press
2678:(2016).
2654:37510629
2621:37392803
2328:48085772
1962:Archived
1931:Archived
1884:Archived
1863:Archived
1841:Archived
1737:28 March
1666:Swadeshi
1645:See also
1621:and the
1366:the case
1362:Swadeshi
1354:Tanzania
1306:fascists
1203:populist
1069:autarchy
1064:autarchy
1029:Stoicism
958:industry
950:centrist
930:swadeshi
680:Planning
331:Informal
316:Dirigist
169:Georgist
164:Feminist
49:a series
47:Part of
32:Autarchy
2553:3650099
2414:6280586
1993:: 333.
1574:Vietnam
1413:Marxian
1386:Falange
1297:Levante
1268:in the
1134:Bacaude
1081:History
1059:autarky
1013:autarky
940:), and
910:leftist
891:Autarky
722:Sharing
685:In kind
633:Marxist
525:Commons
492:Private
481:Sectors
452:Rhenish
422:Keralan
412:Chinese
386:Virtual
366:Sharing
356:Planned
346:Natural
311:Digital
199:Islamic
159:Fascist
147:Welfare
3959:
3949:
3928:
3918:
3894:
3884:
3863:
3853:
3820:
3810:
3736:
3726:
3704:
3694:
3629:
3619:
3590:
3491:
3481:
3447:
3407:
3399:
3358:
3323:
3292:
3253:
3222:
3058:
3048:
3021:
2994:
2967:
2957:
2932:
2922:
2895:
2885:
2858:
2848:
2825:
2815:
2792:
2782:
2754:
2746:
2738:
2700:
2690:
2652:
2642:
2619:
2609:
2584:
2574:
2551:
2541:
2510:
2500:
2449:
2439:
2412:
2402:
2359:
2349:
2326:
2316:
2289:
2279:
2244:
2234:
2181:
2146:
2136:
2024:
1997:
1818:
1783:
1728:
1615:Ujamaa
1589:Rojava
1558:Russia
1358:Ujamaa
1348:under
1215:Grange
1191:maroon
1051:Lexico
1045:aponia
1037:virtue
782:Palace
658:Market
653:Barter
497:Public
457:Soviet
442:Nordic
437:German
403:Asian
336:Market
3405:S2CID
3169:(PDF)
3100:1994.
3019:JSTOR
2992:JSTOR
2752:S2CID
2744:JSTOR
2148:66672
2130:27â28
1965:(PDF)
1958:(PDF)
1934:(PDF)
1911:(PDF)
1625:, is
1593:Syria
1578:India
1566:Syria
1562:China
1556:with
1546:Juche
1519:bolos
1513:, by
1346:India
1039:. In
1021:Greek
1019:word
832:World
817:Token
707:Price
447:Dutch
341:Mixed
246:State
174:Green
3957:OCLC
3947:ISBN
3926:OCLC
3916:ISBN
3892:OCLC
3882:ISBN
3861:OCLC
3851:ISBN
3818:OCLC
3808:ISBN
3734:OCLC
3724:ISBN
3702:OCLC
3692:ISBN
3627:OCLC
3617:ISBN
3588:ISBN
3507:link
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