Legality of euthanasia

756:. Patients retain the rights to refuse medical treatment and to receive appropriate management of pain at their request (passive euthanasia), even if the patients' choices hasten their deaths. Additionally, futile or disproportionately burdensome treatments, such as life-support machines, may be withdrawn under specified circumstances and, under federal law and most state laws only with the informed consent of the patient or, in the event of the incompetence of the patient, with the informed consent of the legal surrogate. The Supreme Court of the United States has not dealt with "quality of life issues" or "futility issues" and appears to only condone active or passive "euthanasia" (not legally defined) when there is clear and convincing evidence that informed consent to the euthanasia, passive or active, has been obtained from the competent patient or the legal surrogate of the incompetent patient. 2031:: Law not yet in force, awaits regulation to be implemented. The law legalizing euthanasia, Law n.º 22/2023, of 22 May, states in Article 31 that the regulation must be approved within 90 days of the publishing of the law, which would have been 23 August 2023. However, the regulation has not yet been approved by the government. On 24 November 2023, the Ministry of Health stated that the regulation of the law would be the responsibility of the new government elected in the 10 March 2024 elections. The law, according to its Article 34, will only enter into force 30 days after the regulation is published. 833:, a Spanish penalist, that introduced this concept in his book "Libertad de amar y derecho a morir: ensayos de un criminalista sobre eugenesia, eutanasia, endocrinología", published in Madrid/Spain, in 1928. The first proposal to understand Euthanasia as homicide was made by Ruy Santos in his MD thesis, "Da resistencia dos estados mórbidos à therapeutica e da incurabilidade perante a euthanásia", at Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia/Brazil, in 1928. He made a difference between Euthanasia as homicide and Euthanasia as suicide, probably the first citation about Assisted Suicide. 1041:(e.g., through injection). The judgments in these cases set forth a legal framework and a set of conditions within which both passive and active euthanasia could be legal. Nevertheless, in both of these particular cases the doctors were found guilty of violating these conditions when taking the lives of their patients. Further, because the findings of these courts have yet to be upheld at the national level, these precedents are not necessarily binding. Nevertheless, at present, there is a tentative legal framework for implementing euthanasia in Japan. 357: 670: 1622:

leniency or even waive the sentence. The provision of Article 150 of the Penal Code, which defines the crime of euthanasia murder, does not, however, explicitly require the person requesting it to be terminally ill, but this requirement is introduced by case law. A specific type of crime related to euthanasia in the broad sense of the term is assistance to suicide (Article 151 of the Penal Code), which also includes so-called euthanasic assistance to suicide, i.e. facilitating the suicide of a terminally ill person.

279: 1968:, found it necessary to distinguish such topics as euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide, informed consent and refusal, advance directives, pregnant patients, surrogate decision-making (including neonates), DNR orders, irreversible loss of consciousness, quality of life (as a criterion for limiting end-of-life care), withholding and withdrawing intervention, and futility. Similar distinctions presumably are found outside the U.S., as with the highly contested statements of the British Medical Association. 253: 619:, Comprehensive Criminal Organic Code), that typifies simple homicide, is constitutional as long as active euthanasia is not sanctioned. The Court indicated that active euthanasia will be legal when i) it is performed by a physician, ii) the patient has given free, unequivocal and informed consent (or through a representative when unable to express it), and iii) the patient is experiencing intense suffering because of a serious and irreversible bodily injury or a serious and incurable disease. 46: 409: 1920: 305: 78: 1661:

and when it is "carried out or assisted by a health care professional". It would apply exclusively to adults presenting "suffering of great intensity, permanent injuries of extreme gravity, or a serious and incurable disease". It also established a minimum period of two months between the start of the process and the physician-assisted death, and provided for compulsory psychological support for the patient. The President decided to send it back to the

439: 331: 639: 473: 589:. Passive euthanasia, however, is legal. Since 2012, the regulation of patients' rights creates the right to informed consent, which allows accepting or refusing any medical treatment. Patients can refuse treatment when they are terminal. Currently, a bill to allow active euthanasia and assisted suicide is being discussed by the congress. The bill was approved in general by the Chamber of Deputies on 12 December 2020. 383: 602:. The court defined "terminally ill" person as those with diseases such as "cancer, AIDS, and kidney or liver failure if they are terminal and the cause of extreme suffering," the Post reported. The ruling specifically refused to authorize euthanasia for people with degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, or Lou Gehrig's disease. On 15 December 2014, the Constitutional Court had given the 5408: 517:), through Law 26,742, legalised a project that enables patients to reject treatments that artificially prolong the life of patients with terminal or irreversible symptoms. The consent may be given by the patient or, if he or she is not in a position to do so, their relatives or legal representatives. Basically, Argentina supports passive euthanasia but not active euthanasia. 1980:

medicine as a profession. In response, autonomy and quality-of-life-base arguments are made in support of euthanasia, underscored by claims that when the only way to relieve a dying patient's pain or suffering is terminal sedation with loss of consciousness, death is a preferable alternative – an argument also made in support of physician-assisted suicide.

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In January 2016 the court granted an additional 4-month extension to its ruling suspension to allow time for the newly elected Liberal government to consult with Canadians on drafting a law to comply with the ruling. As an interim measure, it also ruled that provincial courts can now begin approving applications for euthanasia until the new law passes.

566:, where it was criticized as being drafted too quickly, and being too restrictive compared with the Supreme Court decision. As a result, the Senate made a series of amendments to the bill. The House of Commons accepted all of the amendments made by the Senate except one, which removed the requirement that death be "reasonably foreseeable." 829:, article 37, accepts Compassionate Homicide, the first legal document that include euthanasia, although legal document didn't use this denomination. In another article, 127, the judge could waive the doctor, if this action was made by patient pledge and the doctor had an honorable reputation. The main source of this Penal Code was 1406:, it is unlawful for any person (including a doctor or other health professional) to actively contribute to a person's death, Under the Criminal Law (Suicide) Act, 1993, a person who "aids, abets, counsels or procures" the suicide or attempted suicide of another person may be imprisoned, following conviction, for up to 14 years. 923:. In 1997, the Australian Federal Government overrode the Northern Territory legislation through the introduction of the Euthanasia Laws Act 1997; however, this was repealed in December 2022 with the passing of Restoring Territory Rights Act. During the brief period in which euthanasia was legal in the Northern Territory, Dr 1988:, the successor to the (Voluntary) Euthanasia Society. In an unsympathetic account, the International Task Force on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide has detailed the ebb and flow of euthanasia proponents. In addition to professional and religious groups, there are NGOs opposed to euthanasia found in various countries. 1674:

the Assembly of the Republic confirms the vote by an absolute majority of the Deputies in office, the President of the Republic must promulgate the diploma within eight days of receiving it". MP Isabel Moreira said the Parliament was "reaffirming a law that has already been approved several times by a huge majority".

1700:"The murder committed at the explicit, serious, conscious and repeated request of the victim who was suffering from an incurable disease or a serious medical illness, causing permanent suffering and unbearable, is punishable by imprisonment from one to five years," according to article 190 of the newest Penal Code. 1653:- a practising Catholic - asked the country's Constitutional Court to review the law on 18 February. On 15 March, the top court ruled that the language of the law was imprecise in identifying the circumstances under which the procedures for administering euthanasia could occur and thus declared it unconstitutional. 1979:

The debate in the ethics literature on euthanasia is just as divided as the debate on physician-assisted suicide, perhaps more so. Slippery-slope arguments are often made, supported by claims about abuse of voluntary euthanasia in the Netherlands.... Arguments against it are based on the integrity of

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The yet again reworded bill, which the head of state had vetoed on 29 April for the fourth time, was reconfirmed on 12 May by a majority in Parliament, finally being promulgated by the President on 16 May. Article 136.º, nº 2 of the Portuguese Constitution requires that, after the veto of a bill, "if

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for "preemptive review" citing that "legal certainty and security are essential in the central area of rights, freedoms, and guarantees." On 31 January 2023, the Court yet again rejected the law, pointing to an "intolerable vagueness" in its wording and sent the text back to Parliament which had been

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Parliament has assigned ethics panels over the years that have advised against legalisation each time however it is still not specifically outlawed and a study published in 2003 showed 41% of deaths under medical supervision involved doctors taking "end-of-life" decisions to help ease their patients'

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In late 2014, a doctor administered a lethal dose of drugs to a patient who had struggled with mental illness for several years, upon the patient's request and with a rationale given that persons with a psychiatric illness should be afforded the same rights as those suffering from a physical illness.

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The problems that arose from this, in addition to the problem faced by many other families in the country, has led to the creation of "bioethics SWAT teams". These teams will be made available to the families of terminally ill patients in order to help them, along with the doctors, come to a decision

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On 9 June 2022, Portuguese lawmakers made a third attempt, approving the bill generally in Parliament and definitively on 9 December 2022. The text now defined physician-assisted death as death which "occurs by a person's own decision, in the exercise of his fundamental right to self-determination,"

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is defined as always appearing under the influence of sympathy for the suffering person and at their request. It is forbidden; it is treated as a kind of murder punishable in a milder way. The perpetrator is punishable by imprisonment of between 3 months and 5 years. Exceptionally, a court may apply

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A parliamentary committee report tasked with studying the issue in light of the Supreme Court of Canada's ruling recommended that anyone experiencing "intolerable suffering" should be able to seek a doctor's help to die. On 14 April 2016, Canada's federal Liberal government introduced legislation to

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that Canadian adults who are mentally competent and suffering intolerably and permanently have the right to a doctor's help in dying. The court however suspended its ruling for 12 months to give the government an opportunity to write legislation and draft new laws and policies around assisted dying.

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Passive euthanasia was deemed legal after a landmark court ruling in 2010. That means a health care professional can legally cease life support upon request from a patient if they understand the consequences stated by their health care provider, and administering a lethal substance is also illegal.

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In the 1973 "Postma case" a physician was convicted for having facilitated the death of her mother following repeated explicit requests for euthanasia. While upholding the conviction, the court's judgment set out criteria when a doctor would not be required to keep a patient alive contrary to their

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It is not, however, unlawful to remove life support and other medical treatment should a person (or their next of kin) request it. Doctors can stop giving a patient life-sustaining treatments, such as ventilators and feeding tubes, after being sedated, thus allowing the patient to die peacefully in

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sparked for a long time, starting back on 4 December 1997 when a doctor was sent to prison for a major duration for voluntarily cutting life support of a braindead patient who injured himself from a head trauma, upon the request of his wife. This incident is well known in Korea as 'Boramae Hospital

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All Australian states have passed laws allowing voluntary assisted dying (as it is known in Australia), which allow physician-assisted suicide where a person suffers a medical condition that is advanced, incurable, irreversible, causes intolerable suffering, and will cause the person's death in the

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On 4 March of the same year, the Peruvian legislator Roberto Angulo Álvarez, membership of Dignity and Democracy parliamentary group, motivated by this case, presented a bill that proposed to allow assisted death in case of terminal or degenerative disease, with the objective of "avoid the physical

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trying to legislate in favour of euthanasia for almost three years. The Parliament moved to redraft the text and resubmit it for promulgation by the same President of the Republic. Socialist Party MP Isabel Moreira, a fervent advocate of legalising euthanasia, reacted by saying that it was only a "

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After being sent back to Parliament, the bill was re-worded and passed again. On 5 November 2021, the Portuguese Parliament passed the revised version of the bill which attempted to address constitutional concerns. The President vetoed the bill again after consulting with the Constitutional Court.

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The Justice Committee's report, published in July 2021, found that the bill had serious technical issues, may have unintended policy consequences if it were enacted (particularly regarding the lack of sufficient safeguards to protect against undue pressure being put on vulnerable people), and that

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On 5 June 2014, Québec's provincial National Assembly unanimously adopts La Loi concernant les soins de fins de vie arguing healthcares are a provincial's competency and therefore challenging Ottawa's competency regarding criminal code. The Supreme Court ruling, in favor of Québec, created a legal

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In Switzerland, deadly drugs may be prescribed to a Swiss person or to a foreigner, where the recipient takes an active role in the drug administration. More generally, article 115 of the Swiss penal code, which came into effect in 1942 (having been written in 1918), considers assisting suicide a

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The Law n.º 22/2023, of 22 May, legalized physician-assisted death, which can be done by physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. Physician-assisted death can only be permitted to adults, by their own decision, who are experiencing suffering of great intensity and who have a permanent injury of

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On 6 November 2015, the German Parliament passed a bill incriminating assisted suicide if it is done in a business-like manner. "Business-like" was meant by the legislator to include any recurrent assistance. Consequently, it typically included physicians. There did not need to be an intention to

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A survey published in 2010 reported that people who died from euthanasia (compared with those who died from other causes) were more often younger, male, cancer patients and more often died in their homes. In almost all cases, unbearable physical suffering was reported. Euthanasia for non-terminal

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argues that the government's assisted dying law is unconstitutional, because it limits access to only those whose death is "reasonably foreseeable", rather than provide access to anybody suffering from a "grievous and irremediable" condition, the definition used by the Supreme Court of Canada in

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Euthanasia is illegal in Serbia. As Article 117, "Compassionate Murder" recalls — "Whoever deprives an adult of his life out of compassion due to the difficult health condition in which that person finds himself, and at his serious and explicit request, will be punished by imprisonment from six

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Patients who qualify for active or passive euthanasia in South Korea are reserved for the terminally ill with a nonexistent chance of recovery. Patients who have a beneficial reaction to any medications, or are not in a rapidly deteriorating state of health leading to imminent death may not be

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30 days to publish guidelines for the healthcare sector to use in order to guarantee terminated ill patients, with the wish to undergo euthanasia, their right to a dignified death. The Constitutional Court of Colombia extended in July 2021 the requirements to access and practice euthanasia to

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Penal Law forbids causing the death of another and specifically forbids shortening the life of another. Active euthanasia has been accepted in some cases under Israeli law. In 2005, proposals were put forward to allow passive euthanasia to be administered using a switch mechanism similar to

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The country's parliament passed a bill legalizing euthanasia on 20 February 2008 in the first reading with 30 of 59 votes in favour. On 19 March 2009, the bill passed the second reading, making Luxembourg the third European Union country, after the Netherlands and Belgium, to decriminalise

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However, at the beginning of 2015, the case of the Chilean woman young Valentina Maureira, who suffered from cystic fibrosis, an incurable disease, and who asked that euthanasia be allowed in her country, attracted the interest of the press of Chile and also of foreign media.

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A Joint Oireachtas Committee on Assisted Dying to examine the issues raised was established in February 2023, and produced two reports in March 2024: a majority report in favour of legalising both assisted suicide and euthanasia, and a minority report calling for improved

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on November 7, 2021. Assisted suicide is illegal under Section 179 of the New Zealand Crimes Act 1961, which renders it a criminal offence to "aid and abet suicide", meaning the choice must solely be down to the individual on requirement that they have a terminal illness.

1552:(1) Failure to provide assistance, without good reason, to a sick person by a person who, by virtue of the law or special rules, was obliged to provide it is punishable by a fine of 550 to 850 conventional units or unpaid community service from 100 to 240 hours. 1453:

The Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1966 prohibits acts that are capable of and intended for "encouraging or assisting" the suicide or attempted suicide of another person. The Act also makes suicide pacts and arranging for suicidal actions unlawful.

981:. In 2006, the Steinberg Commission was set up to look into whether life and death issues could be rethought in the context of Jewish law, which suggested that hospitals could set up committees to determine whether patients would be given passive euthanasia. 1143:, which took place on 17 October 2020. The referendum passed with 65.1% of the vote, with the results officially declared on 7 November 2020. The End of Life Choice Act came into force on 7 November 2021, 12 months after the official results were declared. 536:, only people eligible to claim Canadian health insurance may use it. Legalization of the practice came in 2015/2016 as a result of a series of Supreme Court rulings striking down Canada's ban on medically assisted suicide. Below is a timeline of events: 54: Active voluntary euthanasia legal (Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, Spain, and the Australian states of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia) 1242:

A psychologist must also determine the patient's maturity to make the decision. The amended law emphasizes that the patient's request be voluntary. The first minor to be euthanized under these new regulations had their life ended in September 2016.

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the patient must give express consent to stopping treatment, and this consent must be obtained and preserved prior to death. If the patient is not able to give clear consent, their consent may be determined from a pre-written document such as a

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passed a law legalizing euthanasia, including physician-assisted suicide. This law codifies the twenty-year-old convention of not prosecuting doctors who have committed euthanasia in very specific cases, under very specific circumstances. The

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and psychological pains of the patient, as well the unnecessary expenses for the family members and the State". Angulo Álvarez also argued that his legislative project "would contribute to respect for individual freedom and human dignity".

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Voluntary active euthanasia, called "physician assisted dying", is legal in Canada for all people over the age of 18 who have a terminal illness that has progressed to the point where natural death is "reasonably foreseeable." To prevent

1685:, which would have been on 23 August 2023. However, the regulation was not approved by this date. On 24 November 2023, the Ministry of Health said the regulation of the law would be the responsibility of the new government following the 1115:

into the ballot box, the End of Life Choices Bill, which was taken over by MP Iain Lees-Galloway when she failed to get re-elected in the 2014 General Election. The bill was dropped in December 2014 at the request of Labour Party leader

693:, active euthanasia is illegal but since 7 January 2008 the law allows the terminally ill —or closest relatives, if unconscious— to refuse medication or further medical treatment to extend life (also known as passive euthanasia) in 1751:

In February 2020 the Spanish parliament voted to approve plans to legalise voluntary euthanasia. The bill went to committee and the Senate before a final vote in the lower house. The lower house approved the bill in December 2020.

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based on the personal facts of the case. Though in its early stages and relying on "subsidies from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare" there are plans to create a nonprofit organization to "allow this effort to continue."

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considered passing a bill legalizing passive euthanasia. The bill met strong opposition from the country's Catholic Church. Under current laws, doctors assisting a patient to die can be imprisoned and charged with malpractice.

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In a 6–3 decision, Colombia's Constitutional Court ruled in 1997 that "no person can be held criminally responsible for taking the life of a terminally ill patient who has given clear authorization to do so," according to

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In Slovakia, euthanasia is prohibited, because according to criminal law it is a crime and at the same time according to Art. 15 par. 2 of the Constitution of the Slovak Republic "no one shall be deprived of his life."

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claims that this practice "allows a person to end their life in dignity after having received every available type of palliative care." The United Nations has reviewed and commented on the Netherlands euthanasia law.

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Euthanasia is illegal in Russia. As of November 2011 a Russian Federal Law No.323 bans euthanasia under provision of Article 45. There is no known law that punishes specifically illegal euthanasia practices though.

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ruled that, in extreme circumstances, it was illegal that an agency denied access to life-ending substances. The relevant legal basis must be interpreted in accordance with the fundamental right to personal

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ruled that causing death through the administration of lethal drugs to a patient, if the intention is solely to alleviate pain, is not considered murder even if death is a potential or even likely outcome.

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poll in 2010 indicated that a small majority of adults (57%), at that time, believed that medically-assisted suicide should be legal for terminally ill patients who request it. A private member's bill by

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Two decriminalisation attempts – the Death With Dignity Bill 1995 and the Death With Dignity Bill 2003 – failed, the latter by only a three-vote margin within the New Zealand Parliament. In May 2012,

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b) the death of the patient shall be punished by imprisonment for up to 5 years with deprivation of the right to hold certain positions or to exercise a certain activity for a term of up to 3 years.

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the right to assisted suicide. Van Den Bleeken had served decades in prison for a 1989 crime and no longer wished to live. Over a dozen other inmates filed similar petitions. In January 2015, the

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extreme severity or a serious and incurable disease. Physician-assisted death can only occur by euthanasia when physician-assisted suicide is impossible due to the patient's physical incapacity.

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In October 2009, the Reviser Special Commission of the Penal Code of the Parliament expressed its support of a proposal that tried to amend article 112 of the Penal Code, but it did not succeed.

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legalize assisted dying under more restrictive conditions than recommended by the committee, allowing access to only those with terminal illnesses for whom death is "reasonably foreseeable". The

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problem" and that "most of the arguments of the president of the Republic have not been admitted", proceeding to note that "if it is a question of correcting a word, we will be there to do so".

1197:. In condition of active euthanasia, article 81 of the same law sets forth that any person who carries out this act will be judged and punished for life imprisonment just like a simple murder. 3037: 1302:

in France, which had been one of his presidential campaign promises ("introduction of the right to die with dignity"), despite objections from France's National Consultative Ethics Committee/

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In Czechia, formerly known as the Czech Republic, euthanasia and assisted suicide are illegal and both are considered homicide and are prohibited by Articles 143 and 144 of the Criminal Code.

1523:(1) Intentional determination or facilitation of suicide, including by means of electronic communications networks, resulting in suicide shall be punished by imprisonment from 2 to 5 years. 4679:

Silvoniemi, M.; Vasankari, T.; Vahlberg, T.; Clemens, KE; Salminen, E. (2010). "Physicians' attitudes towards euthanasia in Finland: would training in palliative care make a difference?".

2134: 1399:(Bunreacht na hÉireann) guarantees that the State shall by its laws "protect as best it may from unjust attack and, in the case of injustice done, vindicate the life of every citizen." 1380:, changing its previous judicature from 1984, confirmed that doctors have no obligation to stop the death of a person who, pursuant to a valid autonomous decision, attempts suicide. 4932: 1333:

In January 2016, both houses of France's parliament approved a measure that, while stopping short of euthanasia, would allow doctors to keep terminal patients sedated until death.

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giving patients the right to refuse life saving treatment. Food and liquid can also be withdrawn from someone in a permanent vegetative state without the need for court approval.

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Euthanasia is illegal in Italy. Article 579 of the Italian Criminal Code bans active euthanasia. Passive euthanasia was illegal under Article 580 of the Criminal Code until the

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Scopetti, Matteo; Morena, Donato; Padovano, Martina; Manetti, Federico; Di Fazio, Nicola; Delogu, Giuseppe; Ferracuti, Stefano; Frati, Paola; Fineschi, Vittorio (18 May 2023).

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voted in favor of passive euthanasia and went into effect since February 2018, and has announced to issue a "Well-Dying" Bill. However, the topic and debate of euthanasia in

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ruled the provision which penalized assisted suicide services unconstitutional and thus void. The provision violated the fundamental right to personal self-determination.

1193:. The aide who helped a person to suicide or other ways to kill oneself will be punished for assisting and encouraging suicide under the stipulation of article 84 of the 1181:

qualified. Patients must have a confirmation of a registered physician and a doctor to die under dignity, and comatose patients must have the approval of both guardians.

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Other NGOs that advocate for and against various euthanasia-related policies are found throughout the world. Among proponents, perhaps the leading NGO is the UK's

1434:), in September 2020. The bill passed its second reading, by 81 votes to 71 votes, in October 2020 and was referred to the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Justice. 7130: 7085: 5759: 2603: 3612: 3553: 7223: 3177: 1194: 1131:, which will legalise assisted suicide for a select group of people if successful, passed its third reading 69 votes in favor to 51 opposed. In return for the 5922: 5112: 2796: 6860: 3881: 5335: 4328: 1697:

Euthanasia in Romania is illegal. According to the Criminal Code, euthanasia in Romania is not allowed and is punishable by imprisonment from 1 to 5 years.

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van der Heide, Agnes; Deliens, Luc; Faisst, Karin; Nilstun, Tore; Norup, Michael; Paci, Eugenio; van der Wal, Gerrit; van der Maas, Paul J (17 June 2003).

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Incident' (보라매병원 사건). Another incident that sparked further debate was from the imprisonment of a father who unplugged a respirator for his braindead son.

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The law is not yet in force. It states in Article 31 that the government must approve the regulation of the law within 90 days of being published in the

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the patient may be passively euthanized by stopping medical treatment, chemotherapy, dialysis, artificial respiration, blood transfusion, IV drip, etc.

6256: 5977: 3149: 3045: 2173: 1306:, which alleged "abuses" in adjacent jurisdictions that have decriminalised and regulated either voluntary euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide ( 3397:

Asúa LJ de. Libertad de amar y derecho a morir: ensayos de un criminalista sobre eugenesia, eutanasia, endocrinología. Madrid: Historia Nueva; 1928.

2043:: Even though declared illegal, no punishment is specified by the law except of Felony Code which punishes ordinary murders and manslaughter crimes. 1609:

Active voluntary euthanasia remains illegal, though a caregiver may receive a reduced punishment for taking the life of someone who consents to it.

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Smets T, Bilsen J, Cohen J, Rurup ML, Deliens L (February 2010). "Legal euthanasia in Belgium: characteristics of all reported euthanasia cases".

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the patient must be suffering from an incurable disease, and in the final stages of the disease from which he/she is unlikely to make a recovery;

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Euthanasia is not legal in Latvia. However a doctor may refuse further treatment of a patient if they believe it is the best course of action.

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acknowledged that Van Den Bleeken's doctors recommended against this decision and that alternative psychological care would be sought for him.

5711: 4754: 4284: 6231: 4808: 3434: 2507:"Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in Mental Disorders: Ethical Positions in the Debate between Proportionality, Dignity, and the Right to Die" 2434: 2311: 1516:

All forms of euthanasia are banned in Moldova. They are prohibited by Articles 150 and 162 of the Criminal Code. According to their opinion:

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On February 5, 2024, the Constitutional Court of Ecuador ruled that active euthanasia is legal. The Court decided that Article 144 of COIP (

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euthanasia. Terminally ill patients will have the option of euthanasia after receiving the approval of two doctors and a panel of experts.

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made four attempts to introduce bills that would have legalised voluntary euthanasia – all were rejected by the UK Parliament. Currently,

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patients was rare. There have been about 1,400 cases a year since the law was introduced, and a record 1,807 cases were recorded in 2013.

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in May 2022. Before the introduction of such laws, charges had on rare occasions been laid for aiding and abetting the suicide of others.

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There are a number of historical studies about the thorough euthanasia-related policies of professional associations. In their analysis,

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voted in favour of extending the euthanasia law to terminally ill children. Conditions imposed on children seeking euthanasia are that:

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the drafting of several sections contained serious flaws that could potentially render them vulnerable to challenge before the courts.

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On 18 March 2021, Spain's parliament voted in favour of the final reading of the bill, thus making it law. It was sanctioned by the

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Santos R. Da euthanásia nos incuráveis dolorosos. These de doutoramento. Salvador (Bahia): Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia; 1928.

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b) on a person who is materially or otherwise dependent on the perpetrator, shall be punished by imprisonment from 5 to 9 years.

7699: 7012: 6548: 1365: 1136: 1117: 423: 17: 7396: 5959: 4732: 7725: 7408: 6676: 6483: 5270: 4584: 3295: 3006: 920: 747: 6100:"Федеральный закон РФ от 21.11.2011 № 323-ФЗ Об основах охраны здоровья граждан в Российской Федерации (ред. от 02.07.2021)" 3367: 2345: 997:

has never ruled on the matter. Rather, to date, Japan's euthanasia policy has been decided by two local court cases, one in

7048: 6990: 6102:[Federal law of November 21, 2011 № 323-FL "About basics of protection of citizens health in Russian Federation"]. 6076:[Federal law of November 21, 2011 № 323-FL "About basics of protection of citizens health in Russian Federation"]. 3119: 1686: 1634: 7625: 7345: 7024: 6406:"Suicide: Policy for Prosecutors in Respect of Cases of Encouraging or Assisting Suicide - The Crown Prosecution Service" 4978: 3416: 2922: 2460: 1642: 1638: 1419: 449: 6099: 2967: 2105:"Bill C-14. An Act to amend the Criminal Code and to make related amendments to other Acts (medical assistance in dying" 867:

passing a similar law in December 2019. The final state in Australia to pass laws allowing voluntary assisted dying was

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Janssen, André (2002). "The New Regulation of Voluntary Euthanasia and Medically Assisted Suicide in the Netherlands".

4471: 2896: 569:

On 17 June 2016, a bill to legally allow assisted suicide within Canada became law after it passed both houses of the

7443: 7257: 6836: 5896: 5632: 4257: 2953: 2771: 2403: 1768: 1499:

Euthanasia is not legal in Lithuania. However, as of 2016 a draft of a law about the right to die has been produced.

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passed a bill to regulate the right to euthanasia. The final draft, whose intellectual authorship was attributed to

1326:

and other major religious groups in France had announced that after expressing an opposition to the introduction of

197: 7750: 7709: 7060: 5314: 3476: 2800: 1863: 341: 315: 193: 7468: 7608: 6958: 6760: 5844: 2598:[Euthanasia is not moving forward for now. Ministry of Health leaves regulation to the next government]. 2165: 1792: 1662: 1165: 741: 483: 181: 173: 6934: 6125:

Lichterman, Boleslav L. (September 2005). "Basic problems of medical ethics in Russia in a historical context".

3933: 7771: 7745: 7735: 7125: 7107: 7007: 6811: 6787: 1251: 709:

and an initiative decriminalizing active euthanasia has entered the same legislative chamber on 13 April 2007.

125:, most advocacy organisations although medical associations express a range of perspectives, and supporters of 6405: 5785: 5685: 5069: 3856: 1261:

In January 2020, the assizes court in Ghent acquitted three doctors of murder charges for euthanasia in 2010.

1023:(i.e., allowing a patient to die by turning off life support) and the latter case involved "active euthanasia" 7218: 7146: 6074:"Федеральный закон от 21 ноября 2011 г. № 323-ФЗ "Об основах охраны здоровья граждан в Российской Федерации"" 4681: 4090: 1931: 1780: 1571: 1480: 1073:

the patient must give consent. (Unlike passive euthanasia, living wills and family consent will not suffice.)

257: 209: 153: 122: 5427:"Two Decades of Research on Euthanasia from the Netherlands. What Have We Learnt and What Questions Remain?" 1827: 1465:, stated its opposition to any attempt to legalise assisted suicide in a resolution passed in October 2009. 177: 7618: 7508: 6821: 1904: 1892: 1772: 1384: 1346: 6745: 5297:"Suicidio assistito, la svolta della Consulta: è lecito l'aiuto in casi come quello di dj Fabo – Politica" 3491:"'We're on the right side of history': Victoria's assisted dying laws come into effect for terminally ill" 2389: 189: 185: 7228: 6430: 1689:. According to Article 34, the law will only enter into force 30 days after the regulation is published. 1327: 1128: 1108: 1100: 208:. Eligibility for euthanasia varies across jurisdictions where it is legal, with some countries allowing 7235: 5368: 1812: 7613: 7213: 6753: 5425:

Rietjens JA, van der Maas PJ, Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD, van Delden JJ, van der Heide A (September 2009).

4600: 1888: 1800: 1211: 957: 289: 4787: 7381: 7319: 5393: 5244: 4551: 2646: 1848: 1804: 1577:

will. This set of criteria was formalized in the course of a number of court cases during the 1980s.

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This article is about the legality of euthanasia of humans. For euthanasia performed on animals, see

6668: 6326: 4230: 1637:, a bill decriminalising euthanasia was passed by centre-left, left-wing and liberal parties in the 7563: 7431: 7403: 5029: 2688: 1880:

is the only British doctor to have been convicted of attempted euthanasia. He was given a 12-month

1784: 1682: 1377: 753: 457: 309: 149: 6189: 2438: 2072: 7689: 7352: 6946: 2196:"Legislation reglementant les soins palliatifs ainsi que l'euthanasie et l'assistance au suicide" 1873: 1650: 1396: 847: 169: 6632:"Euthanasia suicide mercy-killing right-to-die physician assisted suicide living wills research" 5519:"HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE CONCLUDES SEVENTY-SECOND SESSION | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases" 4405: 3745: 2569: 2104: 7302: 7242: 3746:"Euthanasia: The Approach of the Courts in Israel and the Application of Jewish Law Principles" 2985: 2625: 2596:"Eutanásia não avança para já. Ministério da Saúde deixa regulamentação para o próximo governo" 2052:

For professional policies in the English-speaking world, see this selection by an advocacy NGO.

994: 949: 6473: 3472: 3417:"Euthanasia: Victoria becomes the first Australian state to legalise voluntary assisted dying" 3208: 3154: 1760: 7757: 7538: 7438: 7391: 7335: 6450: 6301:"BOE.es - BOE-A-2021-4628 Ley Orgánica 3/2021, de 24 de marzo, de regulación de la eutanasia" 6168: 4499:"Eutanazie v Česku? 'Pokud je dobrá hospicová péče, nejsou žádosti o sebevraždu,' říká Vácha" 3351: 1808: 1646: 1447: 1247: 1238:

the patient's must be in great pain, with no available treatment to alleviate their distress.

820: 705:. A similar law extending the same provisions at the national level has been approved by the 453: 6661: 4574: 3967: 3536:"Tasmania's voluntary assisted dying laws come into effect today. Here's how they will work" 2073:"28 MEI 2002. — Wet betreffende de euthanasie / 28 MAI 2002. — Loi relative a' l'euthanasie" 220: 7808: 7672: 7426: 7386: 7362: 7002: 6848: 6300: 3661: 3634: 3573:"Voluntary assisted dying scheme becomes available to eligible patients in South Australia" 3346: 2570:"Law n.º 22/2023, of 22 May, published in the Diário da República, n.º 101, of 25 May 2023" 2367: 1830:

the next day. The law came into force on 25 June 2021, three months after its publication.

1815:) and 2 abstentions. Given widespread parliamentary support and the incorporation of minor 1756: 1618: 1299: 878: 856: 800: 628: 570: 545: 526: 367: 361: 137: 1295: 8: 7803: 7798: 7603: 7580: 7473: 7460: 7369: 7309: 7290: 7262: 7090: 7043: 4141:

Adams, M.; Nys, H. (2003). "Comparative reflections on the Belgian Euthanasia Act 2002".

3590: 2651: 2002: 1739: 1474: 1403: 1229:

the patient must be conscious of their decision and understand the meaning of euthanasia;

940: 387: 165: 5492: 4285:"Belgian serial rapist and murderer Frank Van Den Bleeken 'to be euthanised' in January" 2541: 2506: 1246:

In September 2014, the Federal Euthanasia Commission gave convicted rapist and murderer

652:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

7206: 6855: 6816: 6729: 6704: 5451: 5426: 4706: 4654: 4211: 4015: 3990: 3692: 2078:(in Dutch and French). Belgisch Staatsblad / Moniteur Belge. 22 June 2002. p. 16. 1881: 1877: 1594: 1370: 1120:

as the issue was deemed to be distracting from bigger issues that concerned the party.

916: 780: 6973: 6609: 5474: 5218: 4642: 4258:"Belgian convicted killer with 'incurable' psychiatric condition granted right to die" 3520: 3258: 3178:"Roberto Ángulo presenta proyecto de ley que permita eutanasia a pacientes terminales" 3127: 2474: 7704: 7635: 7495: 7490: 7448: 7156: 6919: 6884: 6734: 6672: 6479: 6150: 6142: 5996:"President of the Republic promulgates Parliament Decree on physician-assisted death" 5819: 5566: 5456: 4762: 4698: 4646: 4623: 4580: 4203: 4158: 4020: 3150:"Michelle Bachelet visita en el hospital a Valentina, la niña que le pidió eutanasia" 2546: 2528: 2237: 1896: 1823: 1427: 1152: 1132: 884: 864: 37: 6924: 6545: 5193:"Joint Committee on Assisted Dying: Minority Recommendations and Explanatory Report" 4710: 4658: 4215: 2255: 1630:

A 2020 poll showed almost 50.5 percent of the Portuguese support decriminalisation.

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and opposing the legalisation of either practice. Both reports were referred to the

1076:

the physician must have (ineffectively) exhausted all other measures of pain relief.

7776: 7630: 7095: 7055: 6831: 6801: 6724: 6716: 6533:

Medical Ethics: Analysis of the Issues Raised by the Codes, Opinions and Statements

6373: 6134: 6049:"Locurile din lume în care sinuciderea este permisă/Ce costuri presupune eutanasia" 5556: 5518: 5446: 5438: 5091: 5003: 4957: 4690: 4638: 4346: 4309: 4193: 4185: 4150: 4010: 4002: 3554:"Voluntary assisted dying is now legal in Queensland. Here's what you need to know" 2536: 2518: 2285: 2229: 1985: 1598: 1330:, their next target may be the possible decriminalisation of voluntary euthanasia. 1222: 1112: 1002: 928: 915:

The situation in the territories is different. Euthanasia was briefly legal in the

760: 563: 510: 393: 216: 113:

varies between countries and territories. Efforts to change government policies on

30: 6929: 6705:"Pereira's attack on legalizing euthanasia or assisted suicide: Smoke and mirrors" 3609:"Inquiry into the Rights of the Terminally Ill (Euthanasia Laws Repeal) Bill 2008" 3014: 2822: 1286:

Active euthanasia is not legal in Finland. Passive euthanasia, however, is legal.

60: Passive euthanasia legal (refusal of treatment / withdrawal of life support) 7730: 7558: 7357: 7340: 7247: 6997: 6953: 6907: 6826: 6784: 6552: 6435: 5424: 5064: 4383: 4189: 4091:"Korea to Temporarily Allow Terminally Ill Patients to Choose Death with Dignity" 2337: 1443: 1323: 1124: 924: 908: 902: 868: 533: 126: 6575: 5659:"Eutanásia. A decisão mais importante da nossa vida (por Alexandre Quintanilha)" 2749:"Children of assisted-death advocate Kay Carter urge amendments to Liberal bill" 1426:

to allow for assisted suicide – the Dying with Dignity Bill – was introduced in

669: 559:

their court ruling that the BCCLA argues would include non-terminal conditions.

7550: 7518: 7480: 7252: 7176: 6877: 6843: 6806: 5336:"Assisted suicide, euthanasia and the European Association for Palliative Care" 4835:"Licence for acquiring a lethal dose of sodium pentobarbital to commit suicide" 4809:"Assisted Suicide Law In Germany Passes Despite Concerns Over Nazi Association" 4235: 4006: 2701:"Supreme court gives Parliament 4-month extension on doctor-assisted dying law" 2523: 1869: 1462: 1135:

party's support of the bill through its third reading, the bill was subject to

721:

under the laws of Peru, although there have been some attempts to reform them.

706: 698: 98: Active euthanasia illegal, passive euthanasia not legislated or regulated 66: Active euthanasia illegal, passive euthanasia not legislated or regulated 5442: 4154: 2930: 2233: 7792: 7740: 7677: 7575: 6146: 5823: 5412: 4861:"German Federal Court rules patients should have access to life-ending drugs" 4766: 4694: 3688:"Aruna Shanbaug case: SC allows passive euthanasia in path-breaking judgment" 3662:"Supreme Court disallows friend's plea for mercy killing of vegetative Aruna" 3204:"Conozca más sobre el proyecto de ley para legalizar la eutanasia en el Perú" 2772:"'Rushed' assisted-dying legislation to face strong opposition in the Senate" 2532: 2498: 2370:(in Spanish). Boletín Oficial del Estado. 25 March 2021. pp. 34037–34049 1796: 1541:

b) two or more persons, shall be punished by imprisonment from 9 to 12 years.

978: 118: 4834: 4520: 4372:"Brussels: Murderer may kill himself". The Week (page 6). 26 September 2014. 1232:

the request must have been approved by the child's parents and medical team;

7528: 7297: 7285: 6775: 6738: 6531:

Brody, B. A.; Rothstein, M. A.; McCullough, L. B.; Bobinski, M. A. (2001).

6154: 5584: 5570: 5460: 4885: 4702: 4650: 4207: 4198: 4162: 3572: 2550: 2241: 1350: 953: 574: 4624:"End-of-life decision-making in six European countries: descriptive study" 4024: 3882:"Euthanasia bill passes 69-51, sending the final decision to a referendum" 3435:"Voluntary euthanasia becomes law in WA in emotional scenes at Parliament" 702: 701:(since 6 April 2009) and, since 1 September 2009, in the Western state of 117:

of humans in the 20th and 21st centuries have met with limited success in

7640: 7533: 6513: 6340:"Sweden allows passive euthanasia". The Swedish Wire. AFP. 26 April 2010. 6285: 6257:"El Congreso aprueba la primera ley de eutanasia con una holgada mayoría" 6138: 5978:"Portugal's Constitutional Court rejects decriminalisation of euthanasia" 5113:"Government proposal to block assisted dying Bill voted down in the Dáil" 4603:. Australian Broadcasting Commission. Agençe France-Presse. 4 August 2003 3038:"Sólo falta reglamentar la voluntad anticipada para aplicarla: Ruvalcaba" 2201:(in French). Journal Officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. 16 March 2009 1581: 1315: 1311: 1173: 1096: 1053: 874:

Voluntary assisted dying schemes have come into in the following states:

694: 408: 252: 205: 45: 6631: 6564: 5561: 5544: 1919: 1278:

suffering before death (about 1% of which were via prescription drugs).

7523: 7503: 7269: 6867: 6720: 4908:"German court clears two doctors present as patients committed suicide" 2435:"End Of Life Choices (Voluntary Assisted Dying) Bill 2020 (30 of 2020)" 1776: 1431: 1423: 1354: 1319: 961: 896: 796: 792: 776: 304: 114: 77: 7036: 6261: 4428:"Vrijspraak voor drie artsen: doek valt over euthanasieproces in Gent" 4329:"Belgian Senate Votes to Allow Euthanasia for Terminally Ill Children" 2871:"Comisión de Salud aprueba suicidio asistido en proyecto de eutanasia" 2825:(in Spanish). Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. 24 April 2012 2668:"Canadians have right to doctor-assisted suicide, Supreme Court rules" 7193: 6985: 4427: 1816: 543:

On 6 February 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada unanimously ruled in

121:. Human euthanasia policies have also been developed by a variety of 2368:"Ley Orgánica 3/2021, de 24 de marzo, de regulación de la eutanasia" 1960:

Assisted suicide § Organizations in support of assisted suicide

1645:

approved the final version of the law with 136 votes in favour. The

993:

government has no official laws on the status of euthanasia and the

562:

The bill received considerable multi-partisan opposition within the

7568: 7513: 7166: 7019: 6872: 6593: 6352: 4576:

The Good Euthanasia Guide: Where, What, and Who in Choices in Dying

4476: 3908:"Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern changes election date to 17 October" 2341: 1819:, the law returned to the Congress of Deputies for final approval. 1712:

Active euthanasia was briefly made legal in Soviet Russia in 1922.

1667: 890: 764: 438: 330: 6022:"Out of vetoes, Portugal president enacts law allowing euthanasia" 5607:"Inquérito: portugueses são favoráveis à eutanásia e ao referendo" 4678: 3094:"Senado México aprueba a enfermos terminales rehusar tratamientos" 3013:(in Spanish). Mexico City. Notimex. 7 January 2008. Archived from 2256:"Wet toetsing levensbeëindiging op verzoek en hulp bij zelfdoding" 1597:

was developed, which sets out criteria to be met for carrying out

7652: 5411:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

4621: 1971:

On euthanasia (narrowly defined here as directly causing death),

1342: 1307: 1044:

In the case of passive euthanasia, three conditions must be met:

964:, including the administration of lethal compounds, are illegal. 808: 784: 477: 472: 278: 200:

in 1996 and 1997 but was overturned by a federal law. In 2021, a

6581: 6530: 2823:"Ley. Nº 20.584. Regula los derechos y deberes de los pacientes" 1972: 1965: 1410:

their sleep; this only occurs in certain limited circumstances.

7647: 7201: 4933:"Criminalisation of assisted suicide services unconstitutional" 4579:. Junction City, Oregon, U.S.A.: Norris Lane Press. p. 4. 3635:"India joins select nations in legalising "passive euthanasia"" 3388:. 4th ed. Montevideo: Fundación de Cultura Universitaria; 1996. 2845:"Mayoría de Comisión de Salud se inclina por aprobar eutanasia" 2689:

http://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/14637/index.do

1190: 998: 973: 853:

next six months, or 12 months for neurodegenerative disorders.

772: 768: 718: 690: 356: 5960:"Democracies under pressure; need to be cared for – president" 5812:"Top Portugal court nixes euthanasia law, says it's imprecise" 2312:"Portuguese parliament legalises euthanasia after long battle" 6211:"Spanish Government Passes 1st Hurdle to Legalize Euthanasia" 4755:"France adopts sedated dying law as compromise on euthanasia" 3836: 3824: 3232:"New Mexico latest state to adopt medically assisted suicide" 2797:"Canada legalises euthanasia for the terminally ill - Her.ie" 2504: 1788: 1745: 1548:

Article 162. Failure to provide assistance to a sick person:

1357:, including the lethal compound administration, are illegal. 990: 788: 586: 382: 6281:"El Congreso aprueba por amplia mayoría la ley de eutanasia" 5545:"The Groningen protocol—euthanasia in severely ill newborns" 4406:"'What could help me to die?' Doctors clash over euthanasia" 2923:"Colombia Debates Court Ruling That Legalizes Mercy Killing" 1535:(3) The actions provided for in paragraph (1), committed on: 1067:

the patient must be suffering from unbearable physical pain;

5923:"Portugal's lawmakers make 3rd attempt to allow euthanasia" 5872:"Portugal's parliament votes to legalize euthanasia, again" 5734:"Eutanásia aprovada no Parlamento com 136 votos favoráveis" 1764: 1349:

legalized passive euthanasia by means of the withdrawal of

952:

legalised passive euthanasia by means of the withdrawal of

5786:"Portugal's top court rejects bill to legalise euthanasia" 5760:"Portugal's euthanasia law goes for constitutional review" 4958:"Germany overturns ban on professionally assisted suicide" 3347:"Physician-assisted suicide legal in Montana, court rules" 7031: 6780: 5271:"Is Italy set for a referendum on legalising euthanasia?" 4065:"Euthanasia Legal for the Terminally Ill In S. Korea Now" 2897:"Diputados aprueban legislar sobre la eutanasia en Chile" 1998:

List of deaths from legal euthanasia and assisted suicide

1526:(2) The actions provided for in paragraph (1), committed: 5135:"Report on Scrutiny of the Dying with Dignity Bill 2020" 4979:"Germany's top court paves the way for assisted suicide" 3074:(in Spanish). Morelia, Mexico. Notimex. 1 September 2009 3035: 2282:"New Zealand Voluntary Euthanasia Law Comes into Effect" 759:

While active euthanasia is illegal throughout the U.S.,

6702: 6190:"460/1992 Zb. - Ústava Slovenskej republiky - SLOV-LEX" 5941:"Portugal: Euthanasia Law Sent to Constitutional Court" 5164:"Final Report of the Joint Committee on Assisted Dying" 4725:"France aims to allow euthanasia despite ethics doubts" 4384:"Belgian rapist Van Den Bleeken refused 'right to die'" 4310:"Belgian Senate votes to extend euthanasia to children" 1519:

Article 150. Determination or facilitation of suicide:

1151:

Euthanasia is illegal in the Philippines. In 1997, the

585:

Active euthanasia or assisted suicide are not legal in

5132: 4472:"Euthanasia in Europe: Where is assisted dying legal?" 3721:"India's Supreme Court lays out euthanasia guidelines" 3611:. Law Council of Australia. April 2008. Archived from 3321:"D.C. physician-assisted suicide law goes into effect" 3259:"Maine becomes 8th state to legalize assisted suicide" 2968:"Corte de Colombia extiende el derecho a la eutanasia" 1483:

ruled such limitation to be unconstitutional in 2019.

4175: 1298:

stated his personal support for decriminalisation of

1005:

in 1995. The first case involved "passive euthanasia"

2723:"Canada's new doctor-assisted dying law takes shape" 2564: 2562: 2560: 1744:

Active euthanasia and assisted suicide are legal in

1345:

if the patient has requested it. On 17 May 2014 the

1063:

For active euthanasia, four conditions must be met:

6698:

Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law

3368:"'Aid in Dying' Movement Takes Hold in Some States" 3036:Rodríguez, Susana; Salazar, Aníbal (8 April 2009). 6660: 6659:McDougall, Jennifer Fecio; Gorman, Martha (2008). 6514:"Supreme Court backs agreed end-of-life decisions" 5897:"Portugal's president vetoes euthanasia law again" 5712:"Politicians in Portugal vote to allow euthanasia" 5493:"Ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport" 4615: 1558:a) a serious injury to bodily integrity or health; 6386:Smartt, Ursula (2009). "Euthanasia and the Law". 5173:. Dublin: Houses of the Oireachtas. 20 March 2024 5058:Majority believe assisted suicide should be legal 3386:Código penal de la República Oriental del Uruguay 3112: 3060: 2557: 1953: 7790: 6327:"Spanish MPs approve bill legalising euthanasia" 5845:"Portugal's parliament approves euthanasia bill" 5684:Faria, Natália; Alves, José (11 February 2020). 5633:"Eutanásia. Despenalização passa, referendo não" 6903:Drug and precursor laws by country or territory 6658: 4470:Hurst, Luke; Bello, Camille (12 October 2022). 3960:"Referendum on the End of Life Choice Act 2019" 3952: 3842: 3830: 3277:"'Aid-in-Dying' Bill Becomes Law in New Jersey" 3100:(in Spanish). Mexico. Reuters. 26 November 2008 2951: 1587:Ministry of Public Health, Wellbeing and Sports 1032: 1014: 196:). Euthanasia was briefly legal in Australia's 49:Current status of euthanasia around the world: 6232:"Spain's lower house approves euthanasia bill" 6046: 5219:"Criminal Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 1966" 4347:"Belgium minor first to be granted euthanasia" 3765:"Israelis to be allowed euthanasia by machine" 3068:"Michoacán aprueba Ley de Voluntad Anticipada" 2999: 2163: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 1763:, commanded the support from 192 legislators ( 1026: 1008: 204:court allowed euthanasia for a single person, 6761: 5577: 5542: 5245:"Private Members' Business: Assisted Suicide" 5199:. Dublin: Senator Rónán Mullen. 20 March 2024 4601:"Doctor-assisted euthanasia common in Europe" 4039:"New law enables South Koreans to 'die well'" 3570: 3296:"How California's aid-in-dying law will work" 2589: 2587: 2166:"Luxembourg parliament adopts euthanasia law" 1353:to patients who request euthanasia. Forms of 1322:). More socially conservative members of the 164:(law not yet in force, awaiting regulation), 6047:Ionescu-Heroiu, Raluca (29 September 2019). 5251:. Northern Ireland Assembly. 12 October 2009 4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4457: 3527: 3344: 3126:. Mexico City. 13 April 2007. Archived from 2135:"Euthanasia regularly practiced in Colombia" 927:helped three people end their lives through 752:Active euthanasia is illegal throughout the 556:British Columbia Civil Liberties Association 494: 6703:Downie J, Chambaere K, Bernheim JL (2012). 6250: 6248: 5686:"Eutanásia: tudo o que os partidos propõem" 4455: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4437: 3988: 3564: 3533: 3456:"Voluntary assisted dying legalised in NSW" 3293: 3029: 2015: 1555:(2) The same act which provoked recklessly: 1430:, the lower house of the Irish Parliament ( 1235:the patient's illness must be terminal; and 6768: 6754: 6124: 5683: 5665:(in European Portuguese). 12 February 2020 5613:(in European Portuguese). 18 February 2020 4469: 3659: 3488: 3256: 2954:"Los principios para regular la eutanasia" 2584: 1070:death must be inevitable and drawing near; 1001:in 1962, and another after an incident at 6728: 6500:"Advance decision (living will) - NHS.UK" 5731: 5560: 5450: 4197: 4014: 2540: 2522: 7695:World Intellectual Property Organization 6471: 6245: 4434: 4140: 3966:. New Zealand Government. Archived from 3712: 3007:"Publica GDF Ley de Voluntad Anticipada" 1601:without the physician being prosecuted. 673:Current status of euthanasia in Mexico: 668: 604:Ministry of Health and Social Protection 81:Current status of euthanasia in Europe: 76: 44: 6475:Voluntary Euthanasia and the Common Law 6451:"Case Histories: end of life decisions" 6278: 6274: 6272: 6254: 5056:"The Irish Times (17 September 2010) – 5004:"Article 40.3, Constitution of Ireland" 4572: 4326: 3991:"Philippines considers euthanasia bill" 3854: 3762: 3718: 3365: 2986:"Corte Constitucional del Ecuador on X" 2626:"Corte Constitucional del Ecuador on X" 2219: 1903:Passive euthanasia is legal, by way of 1461:, as a devolved legislature within the 948:is legal in India. On 7 March 2018 the 86: Active voluntary euthanasia legal 14: 7791: 7700:World Intellectual Property Indicators 7224:Fictional pornography depicting minors 6565:"Statements by the medical profession" 6385: 6350: 5144:. Houses of the Oireachtas. p. 36 4282: 4117:"Moniteur Belge - Belgisch Staatsblad" 3934:"Official Count - Referendums Results" 3653: 3345:O'Reilly, Kevin B. (18 January 2010). 2769: 2593: 2338:"Spain passes law allowing euthanasia" 1826:on 24 March 2021 and published in the 1111:MP Maryan Street introduced a private 863:, came into effect in June 2019, with 6749: 6478:. Clarendon Press. pp. 175–177. 6002:(in European Portuguese). 16 May 2023 6000:Presidency of the Portuguese Republic 5732:Francisco, Susete (29 January 2021). 4761:. Associated Press. 27 January 2016. 4264:. Associated Press. 16 September 2014 3792:"Ask the Rabbi: 'Passive euthanasia'" 3789: 3409: 3269: 3120:"Mexico moves to legalise euthanasia" 2348:from the original on 25 December 2021 1950:Euthanasia is prohibited in Ukraine. 1854:crime only if the motive is selfish. 1304:Comité national consultatif d'éthique 921:Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995 859:was the first to do so; its law, the 748:Assisted suicide in the United States 104: All forms of euthanasia illegal 72: All forms of euthanasia illegal 6344: 6269: 5957: 5869: 5394:"CODUL PENAL AL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA*" 4544:"Denmark quietly debates euthanasia" 4327:Higgins, Andrew (12 December 2013). 4228: 3489:Cunningham, Melissa (19 June 2019). 3313: 2952:Redacción Salud (19 February 2015). 2851:(in European Spanish). 20 April 2018 2665: 2421:"Voluntary Assisted Dying Bill 2020" 2404:"Voluntary Assisted Dying Bill 2021" 2390:"Voluntary Assisted Dying Bill 2021" 2292:from the original on 8 November 2021 2085:from the original on 19 January 2022 1975:sums up the U.S. medical NGO arena: 1914: 1868:Active euthanasia is illegal in the 1189:Euthanasia is strictly forbidden in 632: 540:precedent for euthanasia in Canada. 221:legal in certain other jurisdictions 7683:UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 6667:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 6279:Daniele, Laura (17 December 2020). 6127:Journal International de Bioéthique 5863: 5818:. Associated Press. 15 March 2021. 5543:Verhagen E, Sauer PJ (March 2005). 4788:"The state of euthanasia in Europe" 3855:Davison, Isaac (14 December 2014). 3294:Karlamangla, Soumya (12 May 2016). 3257:Villeneuve, Marina (13 June 2019). 2685:Carter v. Canada (Attorney General) 2461:"Voluntary Assisted Dying Act 2017" 2164:Julien Ponthus (20 February 2008). 1099:, following the enforcement of the 836: 132:As of 2024, euthanasia is legal in 24: 6255:Hermida, Xosé (17 December 2020). 5475:"Dutch 'mercy killing law' passed" 5030:"Criminal Law (Suicide) Act, 1993" 3940:. Electoral Commission New Zealand 3790:Brody, Shlomo (19 November 2009). 2594:Caeiro, Tiago (24 November 2023). 2176:from the original on 25 April 2017 1170:The Ministry of Health and Welfare 25: 7820: 6686: 6388:Criminal Law & Justice Weekly 6169:"Krivični zakonik - Paragraf Lex" 5639:(in Portuguese). 12 February 2020 3857:"Labour MP drops euthanasia bill" 3820:. 自由国民社. 2007. pp. 951, 953. 3571:Isabel Dayman (31 January 2023). 3501:from the original on 26 June 2019 3366:Eckholm, Erik (7 February 2014). 2770:Tasker, John Paul (28 May 2016). 2647:"Qué dice la ley de Muerte Digna" 1857: 1538:a) a minor up to 14 years of age; 1095:Voluntary euthanasia is legal in 861:Voluntary Assisted Dying Act 2017 678: Passive euthanasia is legal 7710:International copyright treaties 6663:Euthanasia: A Reference Handbook 6624: 6598: 6587: 6557: 6539: 6524: 6506: 6492: 6465: 6443: 6423: 6398: 6379: 6367: 6333: 6319: 6293: 6224: 6203: 6182: 6161: 6118: 6092: 6066: 6040: 6014: 5988: 5970: 5958:Donn, Natasha (5 January 2023). 5951: 5933: 5915: 5889: 5837: 5804: 5778: 5752: 5725: 5704: 5677: 5651: 5625: 5599: 5587:. Criminal Law 2005. 20 May 2005 5536: 5511: 5485: 5467: 5418: 5406: 5386: 5350: 5328: 5307: 5303:(in Italian). 25 September 2019. 5289: 5263: 5237: 5211: 5185: 5156: 5126: 5105: 5084: 5048: 5022: 4996: 4971: 4950: 4925: 4900: 4878: 4853: 4827: 4801: 4780: 4747: 4717: 4672: 4593: 4566: 4541: 4535: 4513: 4491: 4420: 4398: 3763:Butcher, Tim (8 December 2005). 2929:. 18 August 1997. Archived from 2115:from the original on 23 May 2021 2046: 1918: 1864:Euthanasia in the United Kingdom 1633:In February 2020, following the 735: 637: 471: 437: 407: 381: 355: 342:Constitutional Court of Colombia 329: 303: 277: 251: 6351:Lundin, Leigh (2 August 2009). 4376: 4365: 4339: 4320: 4302: 4276: 4250: 4222: 4169: 4134: 4109: 4083: 4057: 4031: 3982: 3926: 3900: 3874: 3870:– via www.nzherald.co.nz. 3848: 3809: 3783: 3756: 3738: 3680: 3660:Venkatesan, J. (7 March 2011). 3627: 3601: 3583: 3546: 3534:Will Murray (23 October 2022). 3513: 3482: 3462: 3448: 3427: 3400: 3391: 3378: 3359: 3338: 3287: 3250: 3224: 3196: 3170: 3142: 3086: 2978: 2960: 2956:(in Spanish). ElEspectador.com. 2945: 2915: 2889: 2863: 2837: 2815: 2789: 2763: 2741: 2715: 2693: 2678: 2659: 2639: 2618: 2602:(in Portuguese). Archived from 2481: 2467: 2453: 2427: 2413: 2396: 2382: 2360: 2330: 2304: 2274: 1663:Portuguese Constitutional Court 1420:People Before Profit–Solidarity 1341:Passive euthanasia is legal in 1294:In July 2013, French President 1214:legalised euthanasia in 2009 . 1056:or the testimony of the family; 742:Euthanasia in the United States 484:Constitutional Court of Ecuador 7772:List of international rankings 7746:Separation of church and state 6802:Candidacy for political office 6652: 6431:"Assisted Dying Bill – latest" 5870:Ames, Paul (5 November 2021). 5315:"Euthanasia debated in Latvia" 5092:"Dying with Dignity Bill 2020" 4521:"Trestní zákoník – 40/2009 Sb" 4283:Porter, Tim (3 January 2015). 3719:Magnier, Mark (8 March 2011). 3696:. 7 March 2011. Archived from 3641:. Chennai, India. 7 March 2011 2903:(in Spanish). 17 December 2020 2666:Fine, Sean (6 February 2015). 2248: 2213: 2188: 2157: 2141:. 31 July 2005. Archived from 2127: 2097: 2065: 2034: 1954:Non-governmental organizations 1842: 1565: 1159: 1146: 1084: 617:Código Orgánico Integral Penal 92: Passive euthanasia legal 13: 1: 4731:. 2 July 2013. Archived from 4643:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14019-6 4229:Aviv, Rachel (22 June 2015). 2059: 1572:Euthanasia in the Netherlands 1529:a) knowingly against a minor; 1502: 1475:Assisted suicide § Italy 443: 335: 210:euthanasia for mental illness 161: 141: 7096:Legality of assisted suicide 5133:Joint Committee on Justice. 4839:Federal Administrative Court 4813:International Business Times 4430:(in Dutch). 31 January 2020. 4408:. STAT News. 26 October 2017 4289:International Business Times 4190:10.1097/MLR.0b013e3181bd4dde 4071:. Tanya Thomas. 15 July 2010 3044:(in Spanish). Archived from 1803:), the opposition from 138 ( 1494: 1385:Federal Constitutional Court 1366:Federal Administrative Court 1347:Federal Constitutional Court 841: 504: 283: 215:Euthanasia is distinct from 145: 133: 7: 7229:Simulated child pornography 6472:Otlowski, Margaret (1997). 6461:– via news.bbc.co.uk. 3843:McDougall & Gorman 2008 3831:McDougall & Gorman 2008 2974:(in Spanish). 23 July 2021. 2877:(in Spanish). 23 April 2019 2040: 1991: 1724: 1625: 1328:same-sex marriage in France 1109:Labour Party of New Zealand 1101:End of Life Choice Act 2019 1033: 1015: 592: 499: 226: 129:broadly oppose euthanasia. 10: 7825: 7588:Legality of cryptocurrency 6925:Legal status of Mephedrone 5358:"Mémorial A n° 46 de 2009" 4386:. BBC News. 6 January 2015 4007:10.1136/bmj.314.7095.1641i 3591:"Voluntary assisted dying" 3521:"Voluntary Assisted Dying" 2655:(in Spanish). 7 July 2015. 2524:10.3390/healthcare11101470 2489:"Sentencia de Ana Estrada" 2475:"Voluntary assisted dying" 1957: 1910: 1889:principle of double effect 1861: 1846: 1737: 1692: 1641:. On 29 January 2021, the 1569: 1511: 1472: 1390: 1336: 1281: 1272: 1264: 1212:Belgian Federal Parliament 1205: 1088: 958:permanent vegetative state 938: 845: 818: 814: 745: 739: 697:, in the central state of 626: 610: 524: 290:Belgian Federal Parliament 35: 28: 7766: 7718: 7661: 7596: 7549: 7489: 7459: 7419: 7382:Censorship of LGBT issues 7328: 7278: 7192: 7165: 7139: 7106: 7073: 6930:Legal status of Methylone 6893: 6794: 5443:10.1007/s11673-009-9172-3 4121:www.ejustice.just.fgov.be 3042:La Jornada Aguascalientes 2687:, 2015 SCC 5, online at: 1849:Euthanasia in Switzerland 1833: 1755:On 17 December 2020, the 1715: 1703: 1647:President of the Republic 1617:Active euthanasia in the 1612: 1604: 1486: 1459:Northern Ireland Assembly 1383:On 26 February 2020, the 1289: 1200: 1184: 1091:Euthanasia in New Zealand 1027: 1009: 967: 646:This section needs to be 622: 520: 495:Euthanasia law by country 420:Parliament of New Zealand 238: 201: 7564:Mergers and acquisitions 7432:Children in the military 7086:Law enforcement killings 6551:28 November 2006 at the 4937:Bundesverfassungsgericht 4695:10.1177/0269216310376556 3473:[2011] NSWSC 568 2572:(in European Portuguese) 2008: 1733: 1643:Assembly of the Republic 1639:Assembly of the Republic 1468: 1378:Federal Court of Justice 1252:Belgian justice ministry 984: 934: 580: 450:Assembly of the Republic 29:Not to be confused with 7690:Antarctic Treaty System 7404:Video gaming censorship 7353:Cartographic censorship 6812:Criminal responsibility 6546:On the BMA controversy. 6133:(3–4): 43–53, 168–169. 5036:. Government of Ireland 5010:. Government of Ireland 4573:Humphry, Derek (2005). 4155:10.1093/medlaw/11.3.353 3989:Wallerstein, C (1997). 3938:electionresults.govt.nz 2234:10.1093/lawfam/16.2.260 2222:Int J Law Policy Family 1721:months to five years." 1687:10 March 2024 elections 1651:Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa 1397:Constitution of Ireland 1129:End of Life Choice Bill 848:Euthanasia in Australia 712: 607:non-terminal patients. 7736:National legal systems 7303:International adoption 7081:Legality of euthanasia 6307:. pp. 34037–34049 5223:www.legislation.gov.uk 3750:Jewish Virtual Library 1982: 1593:In September 2004 the 1563: 1546: 1221:In December 2013, the 1034:sekkyokuteki anrakushi 1016:shōkyokuteki anrakushi 995:Supreme Court of Japan 950:Supreme Court of India 686: 168:and all six states of 111:legality of euthanasia 106: 74: 18:Euthanasia and the law 7758:World Justice Project 7392:Television censorship 7336:Censorship by country 7184:Size of police forces 6104:roszdravnadzor.gov.ru 5365:www.legilux.public.lu 5249:www.niassembly.gov.uk 4886:"Teilnahme am Suizid" 4231:"The Death Treatment" 3479:(NSW, Australia). 3352:American Medical News 2517:(10). MDPI AG: 1470. 1977: 1958:Further information: 1550: 1521: 1364:On 2 March 2017, the 1248:Frank Van Den Bleeken 1141:2020 general election 911:from 28 November 2023 827:Penal Code of Uruguay 821:Euthanasia in Uruguay 672: 456:and published on the 452:, promulgated by the 80: 48: 7673:International waters 7387:Political censorship 7236:Internet pornography 6935:Legal status of MPDV 6849:Mandatory retirement 6606:"Report 2005 Part I" 6139:10.3917/jib.163.0043 3325:The Washington Times 1897:Dr John Bodkin Adams 1757:Congress of Deputies 1619:Polish Criminal Code 1481:Constitutional Court 1300:voluntary euthanasia 1195:Turkish Criminal Law 1137:a binding referendum 905:from 31 January 2023 893:from 23 October 2022 801:District of Columbia 684: Not legislated 629:Euthanasia in Mexico 571:Parliament of Canada 546:Carter v Canada (AG) 527:Euthanasia in Canada 368:Parliament of Canada 239:Legalization method 7604:Corporal punishment 7581:Corporate liability 7461:Freedom of movement 7370:Internet censorship 7291:Minors and abortion 7091:Legality of suicide 7044:Psilocybin mushroom 6913:Alcohol consumption 5585:"Straffeloven 2005" 5562:10.1056/NEJMp058026 5277:. 30 September 2021 5225:. National Archives 4682:Palliative Medicine 4523:. 17 September 2015 4353:. 17 September 2016 4316:. 13 December 2013. 3469:R v Shirley Justins 3423:. 29 November 2017. 3048:on 27 February 2012 2927:The Washington Post 2652:La Voz del Interior 2423:. 22 November 2021. 2288:. 8 November 2021. 2003:Suicide legislation 1973:Brody et al. (2001) 1966:Brody et al. (2001) 1781:Junts per Catalunya 1761:María Luisa Carcedo 1740:Euthanasia in Spain 1683:Diário da República 1450:for consideration. 1376:On 7 May 2019, the 1139:held alongside the 1127:MP David Seymour's 941:Euthanasia in India 899:from 1 January 2023 600:The Washington Post 316:Chamber of Deputies 7258:Child sexual abuse 6777:Lists of countries 6721:10.3747/co.19.1063 6692:Focarelli, Carlo. 6636:www.euthanasia.com 6612:on 10 October 2007 5984:. 30 January 2023. 5982:The Brussels Times 5947:. 12 January 2023. 5929:. 9 December 2022. 5903:. 30 November 2021 5766:. Associated Press 5738:Diário de Notícias 5499:. 18 February 2010 5338:. 25 February 2016 5197:www.ronanmullen.ie 5072:on 22 October 2012 5034:Irish Statute Book 5008:Irish Statute Book 4554:on 17 October 2014 4333:The New York Times 3970:on 14 January 2020 3964:referendum.govt.nz 3888:. 13 November 2019 3693:The Times of India 3384:Reta A, Grezzi O. 3372:The New York Times 3130:on 1 February 2013 3017:on 14 October 2013 2672:The Globe and Mail 2606:on 2 December 2023 1930:. You can help by 1882:suspended sentence 1595:Groningen Protocol 1371:self-determination 1123:In November 2019, 946:Passive euthanasia 917:Northern Territory 687: 198:Northern Territory 107: 75: 7786: 7785: 7705:Foreign ownership 7449:Human trafficking 7444:Same-sex marriage 7427:Children's rights 7219:Child pornography 7157:Life imprisonment 6678:978-1-59884-121-3 6582:Brody et al. 2001 6485:978-0-19-825996-1 5964:Portugal Resident 5851:. 5 November 2021 5171:www.oireachtas.ie 5142:www.oireachtas.ie 4815:. 6 November 2015 4637:(9381): 345–350. 4586:978-0-9768283-1-0 4045:. 28 January 2016 4043:The Straits Times 3560:. 1 January 2023. 3300:Los Angeles Times 3281:www.governing.com 2803:on 16 August 2016 2703:. 15 January 2016 2344:. 18 March 2021. 1948: 1947: 1905:advance decisions 1887:In regard to the 1355:active euthanasia 1296:François Hollande 1166:National Assembly 1153:Philippine Senate 1133:New Zealand First 962:active euthanasia 956:to patients in a 885:Western Australia 881:from 19 June 2019 865:Western Australia 667: 666: 509:In May 2012, the 492: 491: 346:15 December 2014 194:Western Australia 119:Western countries 38:Animal euthanasia 16:(Redirected from 7816: 7777:Lists by country 7631:Police brutality 7056:Salvia divinorum 6974:Amanita mushroom 6770: 6763: 6756: 6747: 6746: 6742: 6732: 6709:Current Oncology 6682: 6666: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6628: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6608:. 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Criminal Brief 6348: 6342: 6341: 6337: 6331: 6330: 6329:. 18 March 2021. 6323: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6312: 6297: 6291: 6290: 6276: 6267: 6266: 6252: 6243: 6242: 6240: 6238: 6228: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6207: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6186: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6165: 6159: 6158: 6122: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6111: 6096: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6085: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6018: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6007: 5992: 5986: 5985: 5974: 5968: 5967: 5955: 5949: 5948: 5937: 5931: 5930: 5919: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5893: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5882: 5867: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5856: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5816:The Toronto Star 5808: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5797: 5782: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5756: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5729: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5708: 5702: 5701: 5699: 5697: 5681: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5655: 5649: 5648: 5646: 5644: 5629: 5623: 5622: 5620: 5618: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5581: 5575: 5574: 5564: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5489: 5483: 5482: 5481:. 11 April 2001. 5471: 5465: 5464: 5454: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5409: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5390: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5374:on 13 March 2013 5373: 5367:. 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Chennai, India 3657: 3651: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3631: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3550: 3544: 3543: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3486: 3480: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3413: 3407: 3404: 3398: 3395: 3389: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3283:. 15 April 2019. 3273: 3267: 3266: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3116: 3110: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2949: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2933:on 29 March 2015 2919: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2819: 2813: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2799:. 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Archived from 2431: 2425: 2424: 2417: 2411: 2410: 2408: 2400: 2394: 2393: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2364: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2308: 2302: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2286:Voice of America 2278: 2272: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2252: 2246: 2245: 2217: 2211: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2200: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2145:on 25 April 2017 2131: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2101: 2095: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2084: 2077: 2069: 2053: 2050: 2044: 2038: 2032: 2026: 1986:Dignity in Dying 1943: 1940: 1922: 1915: 1895:in the trial of 1599:child euthanasia 1040: 1039: 1036: 1030: 1029: 1022: 1021: 1018: 1012: 1011: 1003:Tokai University 929:assisted suicide 887:from 1 July 2021 837:Asia and Oceania 761:assisted suicide 717:Euthanasia is a 683: 677: 662: 659: 653: 641: 640: 633: 515:Senado Argentina 511:Argentine Senate 488:5 February 2024 476: 475: 458:official gazette 442: 441: 428:6 November 2021 412: 411: 394:Cortes Generales 386: 385: 360: 359: 334: 333: 308: 307: 282: 281: 256: 255: 231: 230: 217:assisted suicide 103: 97: 91: 85: 71: 65: 59: 53: 31:Assisted suicide 21: 7824: 7823: 7819: 7818: 7817: 7815: 7814: 7813: 7789: 7788: 7787: 7782: 7781: 7762: 7731:Immigration law 7714: 7664: 7657: 7592: 7545: 7494: 7485: 7455: 7439:Intersex rights 7415: 7358:Film censorship 7341:Book censorship 7324: 7274: 7248:Sex trafficking 7188: 7161: 7135: 7102: 7069: 6954:Methamphetamine 6895: 6889: 6790: 6785:law enforcement 6774: 6689: 6679: 6655: 6650: 6640: 6638: 6630: 6629: 6625: 6615: 6613: 6604: 6603: 6599: 6592: 6588: 6580: 6576: 6563: 6562: 6558: 6553:Wayback Machine 6544: 6540: 6529: 6525: 6520:. 30 July 2018. 6512: 6511: 6507: 6498: 6497: 6493: 6486: 6470: 6466: 6456: 6454: 6449: 6448: 6444: 6436:BBC News Online 6429: 6428: 6424: 6414: 6412: 6404: 6403: 6399: 6384: 6380: 6372: 6368: 6358: 6356: 6349: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6334: 6325: 6324: 6320: 6310: 6308: 6299: 6298: 6294: 6277: 6270: 6253: 6246: 6236: 6234: 6230: 6229: 6225: 6215: 6213: 6209: 6208: 6204: 6194: 6192: 6188: 6187: 6183: 6173: 6171: 6167: 6166: 6162: 6123: 6119: 6109: 6107: 6098: 6097: 6093: 6083: 6081: 6078:minzdrav.gov.ru 6072: 6071: 6067: 6057: 6055: 6045: 6041: 6031: 6029: 6020: 6019: 6015: 6005: 6003: 5994: 5993: 5989: 5976: 5975: 5971: 5956: 5952: 5939: 5938: 5934: 5921: 5920: 5916: 5906: 5904: 5895: 5894: 5890: 5880: 5878: 5868: 5864: 5854: 5852: 5843: 5842: 5838: 5828: 5826: 5810: 5809: 5805: 5795: 5793: 5792:. 15 March 2021 5784: 5783: 5779: 5769: 5767: 5764:The Herald News 5758: 5757: 5753: 5743: 5741: 5740:(in Portuguese) 5730: 5726: 5716: 5714: 5710: 5709: 5705: 5695: 5693: 5692:(in Portuguese) 5682: 5678: 5668: 5666: 5663:Jornal Expresso 5657: 5656: 5652: 5642: 5640: 5631: 5630: 5626: 5616: 5614: 5605: 5604: 5600: 5590: 5588: 5583: 5582: 5578: 5549:N. Engl. J. Med 5541: 5537: 5527: 5525: 5517: 5516: 5512: 5502: 5500: 5491: 5490: 5486: 5473: 5472: 5468: 5423: 5419: 5407: 5399: 5397: 5396:. 14 April 2009 5392: 5391: 5387: 5377: 5375: 5371: 5360: 5356: 5355: 5351: 5341: 5339: 5334: 5333: 5329: 5319: 5317: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5295: 5294: 5290: 5280: 5278: 5269: 5268: 5264: 5254: 5252: 5243: 5242: 5238: 5228: 5226: 5217: 5216: 5212: 5202: 5200: 5191: 5190: 5186: 5176: 5174: 5166: 5162: 5161: 5157: 5147: 5145: 5137: 5131: 5127: 5117: 5115: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5096: 5094: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5075: 5073: 5065:The Irish Times 5054: 5053: 5049: 5039: 5037: 5028: 5027: 5023: 5013: 5011: 5002: 5001: 4997: 4987: 4985: 4977: 4976: 4972: 4962: 4960: 4956: 4955: 4951: 4941: 4939: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4916: 4914: 4906: 4905: 4901: 4891: 4889: 4884: 4883: 4879: 4869: 4867: 4859: 4858: 4854: 4844: 4842: 4833: 4832: 4828: 4818: 4816: 4807: 4806: 4802: 4792: 4790: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4771: 4769: 4753: 4752: 4748: 4738: 4736: 4723: 4722: 4718: 4677: 4673: 4663: 4661: 4626: 4620: 4616: 4606: 4604: 4599: 4598: 4594: 4587: 4571: 4567: 4557: 4555: 4542:Cook, Michael. 4540: 4536: 4526: 4524: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4504: 4502: 4497: 4496: 4492: 4482: 4480: 4468: 4435: 4426: 4425: 4421: 4411: 4409: 4404: 4403: 4399: 4389: 4387: 4382: 4381: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4366: 4356: 4354: 4345: 4344: 4340: 4325: 4321: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4293: 4291: 4281: 4277: 4267: 4265: 4256: 4255: 4251: 4241: 4239: 4227: 4223: 4199:1854/LU-5933562 4174: 4170: 4139: 4135: 4125: 4123: 4115: 4114: 4110: 4100: 4098: 4089: 4088: 4084: 4074: 4072: 4063: 4062: 4058: 4048: 4046: 4037: 4036: 4032: 3987: 3983: 3973: 3971: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3943: 3941: 3932: 3931: 3927: 3917: 3915: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3891: 3889: 3880: 3879: 3875: 3865: 3863: 3853: 3849: 3841: 3837: 3829: 3825: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3800: 3798: 3788: 3784: 3774: 3772: 3769:Daily Telegraph 3761: 3757: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3729: 3727: 3717: 3713: 3703: 3701: 3686: 3685: 3681: 3671: 3669: 3658: 3654: 3644: 3642: 3633: 3632: 3628: 3618: 3616: 3615:on 4 March 2011 3607: 3606: 3602: 3589: 3588: 3584: 3569: 3565: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3532: 3528: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3487: 3483: 3467: 3463: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3439: 3437: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3415: 3414: 3410: 3405: 3401: 3396: 3392: 3383: 3379: 3364: 3360: 3343: 3339: 3329: 3327: 3319: 3318: 3314: 3304: 3302: 3292: 3288: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3255: 3251: 3241: 3239: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3215: 3213: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3187: 3185: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3133: 3131: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3103: 3101: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3077: 3075: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3051: 3049: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2950: 2946: 2936: 2934: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2906: 2904: 2895: 2894: 2890: 2880: 2878: 2869: 2868: 2864: 2854: 2852: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2828: 2826: 2821: 2820: 2816: 2806: 2804: 2795: 2794: 2790: 2780: 2778: 2768: 2764: 2754: 2752: 2751:. 21 April 2016 2747: 2746: 2742: 2732: 2730: 2729:. 19 April 2016 2721: 2720: 2716: 2706: 2704: 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1162: 1149: 1093: 1087: 1037: 1024: 1019: 1006: 987: 970: 943: 937: 925:Philip Nitschke 909:New South Wales 903:South Australia 869:New South Wales 850: 844: 839: 831:Jimenéz de Asúa 825:Since 1933 the 823: 817: 750: 744: 738: 715: 685: 681: 679: 675: 663: 657: 654: 651: 642: 638: 631: 625: 613: 595: 583: 534:suicide tourism 529: 523: 507: 502: 497: 470: 436: 422:and adopted in 406: 380: 354: 328: 302: 276: 250: 242:Date effective 229: 219:, which may be 182:South Australia 174:New South Wales 127:palliative care 105: 101: 99: 95: 93: 89: 87: 83: 73: 69: 67: 63: 61: 57: 55: 51: 41: 34: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7822: 7812: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7784: 7783: 7780: 7779: 7774: 7768: 7767: 7764: 7763: 7761: 7760: 7755: 7754: 7753: 7748: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7722: 7720: 7716: 7715: 7713: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7686: 7685: 7680: 7669: 7667: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7644: 7643: 7633: 7628: 7623: 7622: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7600: 7598: 7594: 7593: 7591: 7590: 7585: 7584: 7583: 7573: 7572: 7571: 7566: 7555: 7553: 7547: 7546: 7544: 7543: 7542: 7541: 7539:Riparian water 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7500: 7498: 7487: 7486: 7484: 7483: 7478: 7477: 7476: 7465: 7463: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7453: 7452: 7451: 7446: 7436: 7435: 7434: 7423: 7421: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7413: 7412: 7411: 7401: 7400: 7399: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7378: 7377: 7367: 7366: 7365: 7355: 7350: 7349: 7348: 7338: 7332: 7330: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7306: 7305: 7295: 7294: 7293: 7282: 7280: 7276: 7275: 7273: 7272: 7267: 7266: 7265: 7260: 7253:Sexual assault 7250: 7245: 7240: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7232: 7231: 7226: 7211: 7210: 7209: 7198: 7196: 7190: 7189: 7187: 7186: 7181: 7180: 7179: 7177:Prisoner abuse 7171: 7169: 7163: 7162: 7160: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7143: 7141: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7112: 7110: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7100: 7099: 7098: 7088: 7083: 7077: 7075: 7071: 7070: 7068: 7067: 7066: 7065: 7064: 7063: 7053: 7052: 7051: 7041: 7040: 7039: 7029: 7028: 7027: 7017: 7016: 7015: 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5021: 4995: 4970: 4949: 4924: 4899: 4877: 4852: 4841:. 2 March 2017 4826: 4800: 4779: 4746: 4735:on 2 July 2013 4716: 4689:(7): 744–746. 4671: 4614: 4592: 4585: 4565: 4534: 4512: 4501:. 16 June 2020 4490: 4433: 4419: 4397: 4375: 4364: 4338: 4319: 4301: 4275: 4249: 4236:The New Yorker 4221: 4168: 4133: 4108: 4097:. Choi Won-woo 4082: 4056: 4030: 4001:(7095): 1644. 3981: 3951: 3925: 3899: 3873: 3847: 3835: 3823: 3808: 3796:Jerusalem Post 3782: 3755: 3737: 3711: 3679: 3652: 3626: 3600: 3595:NSW Government 3582: 3563: 3545: 3526: 3512: 3481: 3461: 3458:. 19 May 2022. 3447: 3426: 3408: 3399: 3390: 3377: 3358: 3337: 3312: 3286: 3268: 3249: 3238:. 8 April 2021 3223: 3212:. 9 March 2015 3195: 3184:. 5 March 2015 3169: 3158:. 1 March 2015 3141: 3111: 3085: 3059: 3028: 2998: 2977: 2959: 2944: 2914: 2888: 2862: 2836: 2814: 2788: 2762: 2740: 2714: 2692: 2677: 2658: 2638: 2617: 2583: 2556: 2497: 2480: 2466: 2452: 2441:on 23 May 2021 2426: 2412: 2395: 2381: 2359: 2329: 2303: 2273: 2247: 2228:(2): 260–269. 2212: 2187: 2156: 2126: 2096: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2045: 2033: 2013: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1993: 1990: 1955: 1952: 1946: 1945: 1925: 1923: 1912: 1909: 1870:United Kingdom 1862:Main article: 1859: 1858:United Kingdom 1856: 1847:Main article: 1844: 1841: 1835: 1832: 1738:Main article: 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400: 399: 396: 392:Passed by the 390: 378: 374: 373: 370: 366:Passed by the 364: 352: 348: 347: 344: 340:Ruling of the 338: 326: 322: 321: 320:19 March 2009 318: 314:Passed by the 312: 300: 296: 295: 292: 288:Passed by the 286: 274: 270: 269: 266: 264:States General 262:Passed by the 260: 248: 244: 243: 240: 237: 234: 228: 225: 100: 94: 88: 82: 68: 62: 56: 50: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7821: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7769: 7765: 7759: 7756: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7742: 7741:Religious law 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7726:Animal rights 7724: 7723: 7721: 7717: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7678:Admiralty law 7676: 7675: 7674: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7666: 7663:International 7660: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7642: 7639: 7638: 7637: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7627: 7624: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7606: 7605: 7602: 7601: 7599: 7595: 7589: 7586: 7582: 7579: 7578: 7577: 7574: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7561: 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7148: 7147:Death penalty 7145: 7144: 7142: 7138: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7109: 7105: 7097: 7094: 7093: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7072: 7062: 7059: 7058: 7057: 7054: 7050: 7047: 7046: 7045: 7042: 7038: 7035: 7034: 7033: 7030: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7021: 7018: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6999: 6996: 6992: 6989: 6988: 6987: 6984: 6980: 6977: 6976: 6975: 6972: 6971: 6970:Psychedelics 6969: 6967: 6964: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6955: 6952: 6948: 6945: 6944: 6943: 6940: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6922: 6921: 6918: 6914: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6898: 6892: 6886: 6883: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6870: 6869: 6866: 6862: 6859: 6858: 6857: 6854: 6850: 6847: 6846: 6845: 6842: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6799: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6786: 6782: 6778: 6771: 6766: 6764: 6759: 6757: 6752: 6751: 6748: 6740: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6710: 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